1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,239 Speaker 1: Hey, history enthusiasts, you get not one, but two events 2 00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:07,600 Speaker 1: in history today. With that said, on with the show. Hi, 3 00:00:08,080 --> 00:00:11,799 Speaker 1: I'm Eves and welcome to this Day in History Class, 4 00:00:11,840 --> 00:00:14,800 Speaker 1: a show that uncovers history one day at a time. 5 00:00:19,640 --> 00:00:26,920 Speaker 1: The day was January nine. German engineer Carl Binns applied 6 00:00:26,920 --> 00:00:30,040 Speaker 1: for a patent for what he called a vehicle with 7 00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:35,360 Speaker 1: gas engine operation. Now, the patent wasn't granted until November, 8 00:00:35,920 --> 00:00:39,280 Speaker 1: but once it was accepted, this day became the official 9 00:00:39,400 --> 00:00:43,680 Speaker 1: date of the invention, and that patent number d R 10 00:00:43,760 --> 00:00:49,559 Speaker 1: pre registered with a German Imperial Patent Office in Berlin, 11 00:00:50,159 --> 00:00:53,880 Speaker 1: would eventually be viewed as the birth certificate of the automobile. 12 00:00:55,280 --> 00:00:58,640 Speaker 1: The motor Waggin or a patent motor car, was a 13 00:00:58,720 --> 00:01:02,920 Speaker 1: three wheeled carriage by a rear mounted single cylinder, four 14 00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:07,920 Speaker 1: stroke engine. It had an output of nearly one horse power, 15 00:01:08,280 --> 00:01:11,199 Speaker 1: and the engine itself weighed about two d and twenty 16 00:01:11,200 --> 00:01:17,880 Speaker 1: pounds or one Bins had developed the automobile in a 17 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:22,840 Speaker 1: process that his wife Eartha financed with her dowry. At 18 00:01:22,840 --> 00:01:26,319 Speaker 1: the time, there were other inventors working on creating a 19 00:01:26,360 --> 00:01:31,480 Speaker 1: gas powered automobile, like Gottlieb Daimler and Willhem Maibach and 20 00:01:31,600 --> 00:01:36,200 Speaker 1: Belgian engineer John Joseph Etienne Lenoire had already made and 21 00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:41,280 Speaker 1: demonstrated a motorized carriage years prior. So how did Bens 22 00:01:41,360 --> 00:01:45,880 Speaker 1: in his invention come out on top. Well, Bince's vehicle 23 00:01:46,120 --> 00:01:50,440 Speaker 1: wasn't revolutionary just because of its gas engine. Those have 24 00:01:50,560 --> 00:01:54,440 Speaker 1: been around for decades, usually used to power industrial and 25 00:01:54,520 --> 00:01:59,400 Speaker 1: farm machines, but most were huge and stationary. But by 26 00:01:59,440 --> 00:02:02,480 Speaker 1: the late eight teen hundreds, engineers were toying around with 27 00:02:02,520 --> 00:02:06,280 Speaker 1: the idea of using smaller, lighter, internal combustion engines to 28 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:11,760 Speaker 1: power personal vehicles. In five Daimler and my Bach created 29 00:02:11,800 --> 00:02:16,040 Speaker 1: a motorcycle with an internal combustion engine, but Ben's got 30 00:02:16,080 --> 00:02:21,240 Speaker 1: his patent first, and bnss invention was novel. The patent 31 00:02:21,280 --> 00:02:25,440 Speaker 1: motor cars, chassis, engine, and drive components were all integrated 32 00:02:25,480 --> 00:02:29,120 Speaker 1: as a single unit. The wire spoke wheels in solid 33 00:02:29,200 --> 00:02:33,960 Speaker 1: rubber tires were Benzes designs. The automobile had an electric 34 00:02:33,960 --> 00:02:38,679 Speaker 1: coil ignition, tubular steel frame, rack and pinion steering to 35 00:02:38,919 --> 00:02:44,040 Speaker 1: passenger seating, and an evaporative cooling system. It went up 36 00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:49,000 Speaker 1: to around eight miles or thirteen kilometers per hour. The 37 00:02:49,040 --> 00:02:53,120 Speaker 1: Benz patent motor Waggin was more than just a horseless carriage. 38 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:57,720 Speaker 1: Bins had created the first practical automobile that was made 39 00:02:57,760 --> 00:03:01,880 Speaker 1: to be powered by an internal combustion engine. So Carl 40 00:03:01,960 --> 00:03:04,680 Speaker 1: Binns came to be known as the inventor of the 41 00:03:04,760 --> 00:03:08,840 Speaker 1: modern car. But the road to the eight six patent 42 00:03:09,040 --> 00:03:12,920 Speaker 1: was a long one. Binns graduated from university in eighteen 43 00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:17,240 Speaker 1: sixty four with a degree in mechanical engineering. While riding 44 00:03:17,240 --> 00:03:21,960 Speaker 1: his bicycle, he began imagining a completely mechanized vehicle. But 45 00:03:22,080 --> 00:03:26,040 Speaker 1: after he graduated, he did short steps at various construction 46 00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:30,519 Speaker 1: and engineering companies that weren't really a perfect fit for him. 47 00:03:30,560 --> 00:03:33,560 Speaker 1: So in eight seventy one he partnered with August Ritter 48 00:03:33,680 --> 00:03:37,800 Speaker 1: in Mannheim, Germany to open the Iron Foundry and Mechanical Workshop, 49 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:43,400 Speaker 1: which was later called the Factory for Sheet Metal Working Machines. Unfortunately, 50 00:03:43,680 --> 00:03:47,040 Speaker 1: Ritter wasn't a great business partner and that endeavor didn't 51 00:03:47,120 --> 00:03:50,720 Speaker 1: last long. Bin's paid ridder off using his soon to 52 00:03:50,800 --> 00:03:54,600 Speaker 1: be wife, Bertha's dowry, and Carl and Bertha began running 53 00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:59,160 Speaker 1: the company together, but business still wasn't so hot, and 54 00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:02,400 Speaker 1: Ben's turned his attention to developing two stroke engines to 55 00:04:02,440 --> 00:04:06,000 Speaker 1: bring in more money. Along the way, he picked up 56 00:04:06,040 --> 00:04:09,320 Speaker 1: a lot more new patents, including ones for the battery 57 00:04:09,320 --> 00:04:14,640 Speaker 1: powered ignition system, gear shifter, spark plug, and clutch. But 58 00:04:14,760 --> 00:04:18,479 Speaker 1: after the business became a public limited company, partners just 59 00:04:18,560 --> 00:04:22,040 Speaker 1: wanted too much say in Ben's designs and he left 60 00:04:22,080 --> 00:04:26,200 Speaker 1: in eighty three. In October of that same year, he 61 00:04:26,279 --> 00:04:29,920 Speaker 1: found it Bensenco. With Max Rose and Friedrich William s Linger. 62 00:04:31,200 --> 00:04:35,359 Speaker 1: Soon the company had twenty five employees and finally Bins 63 00:04:35,360 --> 00:04:39,440 Speaker 1: could dedicate his time to building a horseless carriage, and 64 00:04:39,520 --> 00:04:44,000 Speaker 1: in eight the Motorvaguin was on the road. Now that's 65 00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:46,920 Speaker 1: not to say it was perfect, of course. In its 66 00:04:46,960 --> 00:04:50,760 Speaker 1: first trials, the automobile stalled in the drive, chane snapped 67 00:04:51,400 --> 00:04:54,720 Speaker 1: and once Ben's drove the wagon straight into the brick 68 00:04:54,760 --> 00:05:00,080 Speaker 1: wall of his shop. But in July Bins to the 69 00:05:00,160 --> 00:05:03,800 Speaker 1: vehicle for its first public drive, with his son holding 70 00:05:03,800 --> 00:05:06,440 Speaker 1: a bottle of gas as he ran alongside his father. 71 00:05:07,800 --> 00:05:11,680 Speaker 1: Even though this was surely entertaining, nobody was really interested 72 00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:15,920 Speaker 1: in buying the automobile. Yet. By eighteen eighties seven, Binns 73 00:05:16,080 --> 00:05:19,039 Speaker 1: was on his third model of the car, but he 74 00:05:19,120 --> 00:05:23,159 Speaker 1: still hadn't sold any so Bertha again contributed to the 75 00:05:23,200 --> 00:05:26,320 Speaker 1: company's success when she took a Model three Motorwaguin on 76 00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:29,120 Speaker 1: a trip from Mannheim to four Sime with her sons. 77 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:33,960 Speaker 1: Her trip, which was over fifty miles long, was a 78 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:37,520 Speaker 1: publicity stunt, but it also brought some of the vehicle's 79 00:05:37,520 --> 00:05:40,760 Speaker 1: problems to their attention, and Ben's was able to make 80 00:05:40,800 --> 00:05:44,840 Speaker 1: several upgrades to the car. Binns began selling his cars 81 00:05:44,880 --> 00:05:48,080 Speaker 1: in the summer of eighteen eighty eight. In between eighteen 82 00:05:48,120 --> 00:05:51,479 Speaker 1: eighty six and eighteen nine, about twenty five of the 83 00:05:51,520 --> 00:05:55,000 Speaker 1: Model three motor Vaguns were built, and by the late 84 00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:58,600 Speaker 1: eighteen nineties, Bens and Co. Had moved on to selling 85 00:05:58,640 --> 00:06:02,440 Speaker 1: four World Motor Vaguins. It would be a while before 86 00:06:02,440 --> 00:06:05,760 Speaker 1: the automobile would be accepted widely, but the world was 87 00:06:05,800 --> 00:06:10,000 Speaker 1: on its way towards the next era of transportation. I'm 88 00:06:10,040 --> 00:06:12,760 Speaker 1: Eves Jeff Coote, and hopefully you know a little more 89 00:06:12,800 --> 00:06:16,960 Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. You can subscribe 90 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:19,680 Speaker 1: to This Day in History Class on Apple Podcast, the 91 00:06:19,720 --> 00:06:22,320 Speaker 1: I Heart Radio app, or wherever you get your podcasts. 92 00:06:22,960 --> 00:06:25,840 Speaker 1: Thanks to producer Chandler Mays for all his audio work 93 00:06:26,320 --> 00:06:33,280 Speaker 1: We'll see you here in the same place tomorrow. Hey, 94 00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:36,520 Speaker 1: I'm Eves, and you're listening to This Day in History Class, 95 00:06:36,839 --> 00:06:50,560 Speaker 1: a podcast that proves history is always happening. The day 96 00:06:50,680 --> 00:06:57,440 Speaker 1: was January. Edgar Allan Poe's narrative poem The Raven was 97 00:06:57,520 --> 00:07:01,159 Speaker 1: first published. The Raven is now one of the most 98 00:07:01,279 --> 00:07:05,880 Speaker 1: memorable English language poems. Pope was an American writer born 99 00:07:05,960 --> 00:07:09,960 Speaker 1: in Boston. He's best known for his short stories in poetry, 100 00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:13,960 Speaker 1: but he also wrote a novel, play and essays. His 101 00:07:14,080 --> 00:07:18,680 Speaker 1: work is marked by mystery, horror, the macabre, and supernatural elements. 102 00:07:19,280 --> 00:07:22,440 Speaker 1: He wrote detective fiction that laid the foundation for modern 103 00:07:22,480 --> 00:07:25,640 Speaker 1: works in the genre. In the years leading up to 104 00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:29,679 Speaker 1: eighteen forty five, Pope published many works, including The Fall 105 00:07:29,720 --> 00:07:32,640 Speaker 1: of the House of Usher, The Pit and the Pendulum, 106 00:07:32,680 --> 00:07:35,640 Speaker 1: The Mask of the Writ Death, and The Tell Tale Heart. 107 00:07:36,600 --> 00:07:40,440 Speaker 1: He worked for magazines like The Southern Literary Messenger, Burton's 108 00:07:40,520 --> 00:07:45,920 Speaker 1: Gentleman's Magazine, and Graham's Magazine. His detective tales did earn 109 00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:50,240 Speaker 1: him some money, but Pope was still struggling professionally and personally. 110 00:07:50,800 --> 00:07:54,040 Speaker 1: Though he was being published and winning prizes for his work. 111 00:07:54,360 --> 00:07:57,160 Speaker 1: A lot of his writing was going unnoticed, and he 112 00:07:57,240 --> 00:08:01,120 Speaker 1: was not earning enough money to live comfortably. He also 113 00:08:01,240 --> 00:08:05,000 Speaker 1: had a troubled relationship with alcohol, though it's unclear whether 114 00:08:05,040 --> 00:08:09,080 Speaker 1: he was actually dealing with alcoholism, and his wife, Virginia, 115 00:08:09,240 --> 00:08:12,520 Speaker 1: who was also his younger cousin, was getting more ill 116 00:08:12,560 --> 00:08:17,480 Speaker 1: with tuberculosis. Affected by all of his misfortunes, he moved 117 00:08:17,520 --> 00:08:20,720 Speaker 1: to New York in eighteen forty four. He began writing 118 00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:23,960 Speaker 1: a weekly column for the Columbia Spy, and he became 119 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:27,080 Speaker 1: an editor for the New York Evening Mirror. He even 120 00:08:27,160 --> 00:08:32,600 Speaker 1: managed to purchase a small house, and on January The 121 00:08:32,679 --> 00:08:36,080 Speaker 1: Raven was published in the Evening Mirror. Poe had spent 122 00:08:36,160 --> 00:08:39,800 Speaker 1: four years writing and revising the poem. This time his 123 00:08:39,840 --> 00:08:43,719 Speaker 1: work was recognized. The Raven is about a narrator who 124 00:08:43,760 --> 00:08:47,120 Speaker 1: is grieving over his lost love Lenore. On a stormy 125 00:08:47,200 --> 00:08:50,160 Speaker 1: December night. A raven that only says the word nevermore 126 00:08:50,679 --> 00:08:54,880 Speaker 1: visits the narrator. In the end, the raven remains sitting 127 00:08:54,920 --> 00:08:58,520 Speaker 1: above his room store, while the narrator lives in its shadow. 128 00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:02,679 Speaker 1: The gloom poem is made up of eighteen six line stanzas. 129 00:09:03,640 --> 00:09:07,080 Speaker 1: In November of eighteen forty five, The Raven and other poems. 130 00:09:07,160 --> 00:09:11,040 Speaker 1: A collection of post poetry was published. In his eighteen 131 00:09:11,080 --> 00:09:15,040 Speaker 1: forty six essay The Philosophy of Composition, Poe described the 132 00:09:15,120 --> 00:09:19,480 Speaker 1: choices he made in composing The Raven. He argued that brevity, 133 00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:22,960 Speaker 1: methodical writing, and what he called the unity of effect 134 00:09:23,280 --> 00:09:26,560 Speaker 1: are key to get writing. He wrote about why he 135 00:09:26,679 --> 00:09:28,840 Speaker 1: chose to depict the bus of Palace in the poem, 136 00:09:29,280 --> 00:09:32,800 Speaker 1: how he chose the word never more purposefully, and how 137 00:09:32,800 --> 00:09:35,720 Speaker 1: he wrote it to quote suit at once the popular 138 00:09:35,880 --> 00:09:39,880 Speaker 1: and the critical taste. Though the poem garnered po fame, 139 00:09:40,160 --> 00:09:42,960 Speaker 1: it was not a boon to him financially. He did 140 00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:46,679 Speaker 1: publish other works, including The Cask of Amatiado and an 141 00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:50,200 Speaker 1: essay called Eureka, and many of his stories were translated 142 00:09:50,280 --> 00:09:54,840 Speaker 1: and earned critical acclaim in France. But Poe's wife, Virginia, 143 00:09:55,120 --> 00:09:58,720 Speaker 1: died in January of eighteen forty seven, so he formed 144 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:04,320 Speaker 1: more relationships platonic and romantic. He too, fell ill. Po 145 00:10:04,520 --> 00:10:07,880 Speaker 1: died in October of eighty nine. The cause of his 146 00:10:07,960 --> 00:10:12,320 Speaker 1: death is unknown. The Raven inspired many later works and 147 00:10:12,400 --> 00:10:16,920 Speaker 1: has been referenced throughout different mediums in popular culture. I'm 148 00:10:16,920 --> 00:10:19,240 Speaker 1: each Chef Coote and hopefully you know a little more 149 00:10:19,240 --> 00:10:22,600 Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. I want to 150 00:10:22,600 --> 00:10:25,880 Speaker 1: impress your Internet crush, show them your history smarts by 151 00:10:25,920 --> 00:10:28,800 Speaker 1: sharing something you learned on the show. Don't forget to 152 00:10:28,800 --> 00:10:33,880 Speaker 1: tag us at T D I h C Podcast, or 153 00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:35,840 Speaker 1: if you want to get a little more fancy, you 154 00:10:35,840 --> 00:10:38,640 Speaker 1: can send us an email at this day at I 155 00:10:38,840 --> 00:10:42,480 Speaker 1: heart media dot com. Thanks for tuning in and we'll 156 00:10:42,520 --> 00:10:44,120 Speaker 1: catch you tomorrow, same place.