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Speaker 1: Welcome to tex Stuff, a production of I Heart Radios

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Speaker 1: How Stuff Works. Hey there, and welcome to tech Stuff.

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Speaker 1: I'm your host, Jonathan Strickland. I'm an executive producer with

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Speaker 1: I Heart Radio and I love all things tech And

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Speaker 1: with time for us to listen to another classic episode,

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Speaker 1: it means it's a Friday, so let's all enjoy ourselves

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Speaker 1: and and dive back into the archives of tech Stuff.

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Speaker 1: You know, I've got more than episodes at this point,

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Speaker 1: so some of these are probably brand new to you guys.

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Speaker 1: This episode originally aired on April two, thousand thirteen. It

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Speaker 1: is called tex Stuff Leaps into hyper Space. Let's listen.

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Speaker 1: Red leather, yellow leather, red, yellow leather. All right, here

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Speaker 1: we go, Han Solo, I'm captain of the Millennium Falcon.

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Speaker 1: Chewy here tells me you're looking for passage to the

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Speaker 1: Alton System. Yes, indeed, if it's a fast ship fast ship,

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Speaker 1: you've never heard of the Millennium Falcon ship I have.

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Speaker 1: It's the ship that made the Kessel run in less

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Speaker 1: than twelve par secs. I've outrun Imperial starships. Not the

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Speaker 1: local bulk cruisers, mind you. I'm talking about the big

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Speaker 1: Correlian ships. Now she's fast enough for you, old man?

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Speaker 1: What's the cargo? Usually I'm the one calling you old man. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's true. I just wanted to turn that around a

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Speaker 1: little bit. I also didn't go full Christopher walk In,

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Speaker 1: despite the fact that I love that Saturday Night Live skit.

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Speaker 1: So we are talking about the Kessel Run and hyper

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Speaker 1: drives in the Star Wars universe and uh, and then

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Speaker 1: kind of comparing it to what we would like to

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Speaker 1: call real life. Right. And we're doing this, by the way,

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Speaker 1: because this is our five first episode and we are

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Speaker 1: we we are big fans of the five of first legion.

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Speaker 1: That's right, That's right, that's the Uh. This is props

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Speaker 1: going out to our Star Wars buddies. So you five

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Speaker 1: hundred and first members out there, this one's for you.

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Speaker 1: So now, in the original context, we need to talk

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Speaker 1: about what the Kessel Run is within the mythology of

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Speaker 1: Star Wars, right, and it's not really mentioned in um

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Speaker 1: in any of the three original films, right, or even

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Speaker 1: the fictional prequels that supposedly exist. No, we should also

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Speaker 1: point out, according to everything I've ever read, Lucas considered

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Speaker 1: anything that was in the movies cannon correct. Anything outside

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Speaker 1: the movies was just extra stuff that may or may

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Speaker 1: not line up with what is canon. So there's no

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Speaker 1: you know, the stuff that we'll be talking about, a

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Speaker 1: lot of this is things that other writers have kind

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Speaker 1: of expounded upon in in the novels. Are the comics,

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Speaker 1: some of the video games, yeah, some of the cartoons, etcetera.

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Speaker 1: And so the stuff that we're talking about this is

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Speaker 1: this is mostly people trying to explain away what Lucas

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Speaker 1: created in a in a manner that makes kind of sense,

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Speaker 1: because a lot of the stuff that you watch in

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Speaker 1: Star Wars, if you really think about, you're like, wait

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Speaker 1: a minute, it's not science. So the Kessel Run in

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Speaker 1: particular is a route in Star Wars, at least this

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Speaker 1: is the way it's explained in the Expanded Universe. It's

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Speaker 1: it's a smuggling run, right, which is exactly what you know.

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Speaker 1: Han Solo is a smuggler, and so this is a

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Speaker 1: particular route through space that smugglers would take. And uh.

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Speaker 1: And one of the big complaints or criticisms of this

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Speaker 1: particular section of dialogue is that Han Solo talks about

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Speaker 1: doing a Kessel Run in less than twelve par sex,

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Speaker 1: which seems to suggest that he thinks par sex is

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Speaker 1: a measure of time, right, and it's not, and it's

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Speaker 1: it's certainly not. You know, you know, I think that

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Speaker 1: my my strongest um explanation of this is just that

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Speaker 1: Han Solo was just saying words. He was just talking

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Speaker 1: and trying to sound impressive. My my explanation is Lucas

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Speaker 1: thought that parsex sounded futuristic and that it sounds like

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Speaker 1: a measurement of time. That was mine, which puts the

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Speaker 1: onus on the writer and not the character. But hey,

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Speaker 1: you know, I'm a writer. That's kind of how I think.

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Speaker 1: Like sometimes I make mistakes too. I'm just saying that

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Speaker 1: if you're going to excuse the character saying and I

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Speaker 1: think that that is not a poor right if you

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Speaker 1: want to be an apologist. Sure, so, So what a

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Speaker 1: what a par sec actually is? It is a unit

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Speaker 1: of distance and technically based upon UH the uh the

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Speaker 1: sun and earth and and and a second of arc. Uh.

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Speaker 1: It involves some pretty complex UH concepts that are not

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Speaker 1: that complex, but they're difficult to explain an audio format.

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Speaker 1: But ultimately it translates to about three point to six

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Speaker 1: light years, right, and and it's specifically, by the way,

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Speaker 1: tied to to the distance of the Sun from the

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Speaker 1: Earth and another object and another object that makes up

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Speaker 1: one sec. Yeah, and so you know, forgiving the fact

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Speaker 1: that we're talking about a galaxy far far away, and

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Speaker 1: that perhaps, as a phil plate of that astronomer pointed out,

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Speaker 1: that might not be the most valid measurement. Why would

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Speaker 1: another why would people in another galaxy use a unit

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Speaker 1: of measurement that's dependent upon the Earth's position relative to

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Speaker 1: another object and the Sun. That makes no sense at all.

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Speaker 1: But anyway, so it's it's equivalent to about three point

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Speaker 1: to six light years, And of course that just makes

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Speaker 1: things even more confusing for people who don't know what

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Speaker 1: a light year is, and they think light year is

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Speaker 1: also a measurement of time. It's not. But at any rate,

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Speaker 1: the description Han Solo makes is very confusing if you

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Speaker 1: think about parsex being a distance, like, how can you

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Speaker 1: take a route and say that your ship made it

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Speaker 1: in less than twelve units of distance for that route

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Speaker 1: and make that the a measurement of its speed. So

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Speaker 1: here's how we're gonna try and explain this well. And

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Speaker 1: also I should mention uh in the novelization of a

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Speaker 1: new hope. Han Solo does not say Parsex recond that

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Speaker 1: real quick. He said standard time units twelve less than

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Speaker 1: twelve standard time units. I have no idea how long

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Speaker 1: the standard time unit is, but that doesn't really matter,

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Speaker 1: I guess. But anyway, so Kessel run, you've got this route.

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Speaker 1: It's usually if you are taking the quote unquote safe approach,

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Speaker 1: eighteen par sex long, which is about fifty nine light years. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So the reason why it's that long is because the

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Speaker 1: route takes you through an area of space that has

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Speaker 1: black holes in it. It's called the mall. And the

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Speaker 1: mall in a w would destroy a ship if you

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Speaker 1: got too close to it. It's you know, it's a

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Speaker 1: black holes. There are bad times for ships, right you know?

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Speaker 1: You know you do? Have you heard what the term

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Speaker 1: is for something that gets pulled through a black hole?

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Speaker 1: The term of what is happening to it? Spaganifications my

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Speaker 1: favorite thing in the world. Yes, because it gets pulled

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Speaker 1: into these long, thin strands as it's being uh infinitely

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Speaker 1: thin strands hypothetically being pulled towards this center of intense

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Speaker 1: density or intensity as I like to call it. Anyway,

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Speaker 1: So usually this route would be eighteen par sex long.

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Speaker 1: But if one were to be a little daring or

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Speaker 1: perhaps insane, completely crazy, one might be able to plot

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Speaker 1: a route that goes closer to the black holes, you

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Speaker 1: kind of skirt around it. And you know, Han Solo,

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Speaker 1: being the guy that he is, he's he says, you know,

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Speaker 1: time is money, or distance is money, or money is

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Speaker 1: money or something I don't know. Anyway, he wanted to

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Speaker 1: be able to take a more direct route, which would

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Speaker 1: shave off about six or so parsecs from this eighteen

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Speaker 1: parsec long route, and that means that you know, he's

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Speaker 1: he's essentially instead of going like a curved line, he's

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Speaker 1: making a straight line. Not quite like that dramatic, but

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Speaker 1: close to it. So in other words, he's taking a

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Speaker 1: route and making it more efficient, but it is much

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Speaker 1: more dangerous. There's no direct relationship between the Millennium Falcon's

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Speaker 1: speed and this route immediately, but one could argue, and

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Speaker 1: one has. In fact, Kyle Hill of Wired wrote a

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Speaker 1: great article how the Star Wars Kessel Run turns Hans

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Speaker 1: Solo into a time traveler. Fantastic article. It's really well

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Speaker 1: link it. It's great. Yeah, it's entertaining and uh and

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Speaker 1: also it starts to build in some chronological problems in

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Speaker 1: the Star Wars universe, but we'll get into those. But anyway,

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Speaker 1: he points out that that you could end up thinking, oh, well,

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Speaker 1: the Millennium Falcon has to be the fast ship because

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Speaker 1: it has to be able to escape that pull of

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Speaker 1: the black holes. So therefore that's what tells you that

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Speaker 1: it's fast. Is not only that heating only is the

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Speaker 1: pilot capable of making a more efficient route to go

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Speaker 1: through the Kessel Run, but it's also in the ship

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Speaker 1: fast enough to a black roles, right right? Yeah, Well,

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Speaker 1: according to a Wikipedia um, which is one of the

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Speaker 1: best wikis ever, I just said that on the air

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Speaker 1: it was wonderful. Um. In the commentary for Star Wars

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Speaker 1: episode for a New Hope DVD, George Lucas said that

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Speaker 1: the Millennium Falcons navigational computers were highly advanced and that

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Speaker 1: that was why the parsic thing works out the way

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Speaker 1: that it does. Yeah. Yeah, so essentially then you just

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Speaker 1: make Han Solo a guyo flips switches, a really good

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Speaker 1: flip switcher. There's also a great thing that was at

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Speaker 1: the Smithsonian, one of the Star Wars exhibit where uh,

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Speaker 1: Harrison's It was actually talking about the first time they

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Speaker 1: shot uh seen in the cockpit of the Millennium Falcon

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Speaker 1: and George Lucas gave him the direction of your flying

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Speaker 1: the ship and he says, Okay, how do I do that?

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Speaker 1: Because there are just all these dials and switches and

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Speaker 1: they didn't There was no rhyme or reason to its

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Speaker 1: was like, I don't know the buttons pull that lever

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Speaker 1: pushed the button frank, So anyway you might wonder, well,

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Speaker 1: why what's the big deal of the Kessel run? Anyway

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Speaker 1: was what was the significance? Like it's a smuggling route,

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Speaker 1: but it's a smuggling route for what? And within the

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Speaker 1: lore again this again nothing films expanded universe, so not Cannon.

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Speaker 1: Kessel was a planet that had these mines on it

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Speaker 1: for something called glitter stem spice, which was a substance

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Speaker 1: created by spice spiders, and it's a photoactive substance, so

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Speaker 1: it activates when light hits it, So it had to

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Speaker 1: be mined in complete darkness. It could not be exposed

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Speaker 1: to light in anywhere or else it lose its potency.

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Speaker 1: And the spice was essentially a drug. Uh As Cheery

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Speaker 1: as that is, I do want to point out that

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Speaker 1: I'm pretty sure the word castle comes from during World

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Speaker 1: War Two. You know, the Germans got themselves really good

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Speaker 1: and surrounded by a group of Russians and uh and

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Speaker 1: some of their compatriots were trying to get supplies and

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Speaker 1: aid to uh their their surrounding colleagues colleagues. Yeah sure,

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Speaker 1: and this failed completely. But but the word kessel means

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Speaker 1: that like pocket in Germany, thint cattle, yeah, dosson thrish

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Speaker 1: dish uh So the Gli stump spice stuff. What it

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Speaker 1: was supposed to do within the realm of Star Wars

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Speaker 1: is boost your mental capacity and even give you perhaps

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Speaker 1: telepathic powers for a short amount of time. It was

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Speaker 1: also incredibly addictive. This is this makes Hanselo an even

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Speaker 1: darker character in a way because he's smuggling. Yeah, he

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Speaker 1: runs drugs. Um so, yeah, that's kind of grim. But

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Speaker 1: in the during the Galactic Republic, which is the period

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Speaker 1: that proceeds a New Hope, that's back when there was

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Speaker 1: a the Old Republic was around. It was being used medically.

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Speaker 1: But then the republic fails and then the black market

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Speaker 1: takes over. Smugglers start selling this. I guess more like

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Speaker 1: recreational drugs as opposed to medical things, and the Empire

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Speaker 1: outlaws it. And so that's why it's important to be

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Speaker 1: able to avoid imperial entanglements, as Obi Wan says in

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Speaker 1: a New Hope. So that's why it's important that there's

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Speaker 1: the explanation of shaving off some of the distance that

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Speaker 1: it would normally take you to to travel in order

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Speaker 1: to get there, and also the fact that the Falcon

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Speaker 1: would have to be a little faster than most ships. Now,

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Speaker 1: all of that is kind of cool. I can. I

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Speaker 1: can kind of handle most of that, even though I

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Speaker 1: think that the parseec thing is really an apologist. It's

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Speaker 1: a redcon or retroactive continuity where you after you've made

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Speaker 1: a mistake, you go back and try to justify the

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Speaker 1: fact that a mistake is there. Uh, this is the

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Speaker 1: way in no way unlimited to Star Wars. It's extraordinarily common. Um, yes, everywhere, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's yeah. So the other thing that Hans Solo says

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Speaker 1: is that can go at point five beyond light speed.

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Speaker 1: So I interpret that to mean half again faster than

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Speaker 1: the speed of light. I I interpreted it as as

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Speaker 1: a as point five percent of light speed. Above light speed.

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Speaker 1: But but but your sounds much more impressive. But that

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Speaker 1: would be much mind would be much more impressive. Either way,

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Speaker 1: you're violating the laws of physics as we understand them.

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Speaker 1: Because as we as we understand the speed of light

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Speaker 1: through a vacuum is the universal speed limit. Nothing can

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Speaker 1: go faster than light through a vacuum physically impossible. Now

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Speaker 1: we should also mention light itself does not necessarily travel

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Speaker 1: at the same speed through all media. You know, through

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Speaker 1: a vacuum, it travels at an incredible clip. It's about

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Speaker 1: two d million, seven fifty eight meters per second, or

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Speaker 1: around one six thousand, two eighty two miles per second.

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Speaker 1: That's through the vacuum of space and solos ship. If

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Speaker 1: you assume it could go half again faster than the

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Speaker 1: speed of light would have its top speed, it's somewhere

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Speaker 1: around four hundred forty nine million, million, six eight thousand

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Speaker 1: six or eighty seven per second, or two thousand, four

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Speaker 1: hundred twenty four miles per second. That's really fast, And

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Speaker 1: of course it is faster than anything we can we

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Speaker 1: we know of, besides some theoretical particles that we'll talk

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Speaker 1: about in a little bit. That's faster than anything we

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Speaker 1: know of can go. That makes it really problematic because

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Speaker 1: if we just talk about parsecs and shaving off distance,

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Speaker 1: you know, Okay, I can see that we still have

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Speaker 1: the problem of a parsec is a really long distance, right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: So how you know, if Han Solo made the kessel run,

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Speaker 1: how long would it take him to do it? Assuming

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Speaker 1: that he's traveling at around the speed of light? And yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean if if you're if you nudge right up

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Speaker 1: to the speed of light, they would take about thirty

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Speaker 1: nine years travel twelve par sex that that would be.

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Speaker 1: That would be due to an independent observer though correct

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Speaker 1: because special relativity. But we'll talk about that. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: don't want to get into that right now, but special

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Speaker 1: relativity will play a part in our second part of

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Speaker 1: our conversation because also we should go ahead and say it.

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Speaker 1: According to Star Wars, and again this is a retcon

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Speaker 1: type thing, all ships have a stasis field stabilizer thing

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Speaker 1: that keeps time. It's a universal constant of time amongst

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Speaker 1: the Empire, which is really convenient because otherwise Han Solo

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Speaker 1: would be older than Yoda right after he had taken

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Speaker 1: what I don't know, like like two or three trips

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Speaker 1: yea four or five three trips on the Kestle run.

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Speaker 1: But it does sound like he's done it multiple times,

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Speaker 1: which means that if he's done the Kestle run multiple times,

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Speaker 1: that special relativity problem, which again we'll talk about in

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Speaker 1: a minute just to Paine. Right. So, so here's here's

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Speaker 1: the thing. The stasis is supposed to keep everything constant. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Time is a tricky thing, but it doesn't matter. It's

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Speaker 1: not just if you're traveling nearer or at or above

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Speaker 1: the speed of light where you have to take it

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Speaker 1: into account. Every single planet that's in the entire galaxy

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Speaker 1: of Star Wars has time pass at a different rate

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Speaker 1: according to any according to physics. Yeah, and again it's relative.

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Speaker 1: So if Lauren's on one planet and I'm on another planet,

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Speaker 1: each of us are going to feel as if time

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Speaker 1: is passing at the same speed individually, like a second

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Speaker 1: will feel like a second to me, a second will

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Speaker 1: feel like a second to Lauren. However, depending upon the

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Speaker 1: planet's mass and the speed at which it travels through space,

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Speaker 1: the actual passage of time is going to be different

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Speaker 1: relative to each other. So if we match our watches up,

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Speaker 1: we'll see that they're not keeping exact synchronized time. And

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Speaker 1: again more on that and just a bit. I have

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Speaker 1: to I have to preface it because it's it makes

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Speaker 1: my head swim, all right. So the other element in

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Speaker 1: this Star Wars universe is the idea of hyper space

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Speaker 1: and hyperdrive. And so this is when, and if you've

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Speaker 1: watched the Star Wars movies, you know, they engage the

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Speaker 1: hyperdrive and then suddenly all the stars start streaking towards

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Speaker 1: them in this beautiful display. And from from the outside

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Speaker 1: it looks like the ship just suddenly gets an enormous

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Speaker 1: speed boost, and yet no one is is slammed back

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Speaker 1: against the back of the the Millennium falcon like and

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Speaker 1: ejected into space because of the massive acceleration. That would

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Speaker 1: be a pretty pretty lame trip. It would be really

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Speaker 1: would be funny to see, like the the activation of

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Speaker 1: the first hyper drive and then you just see a

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Speaker 1: bunch of a leads just floating free in space like well,

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Speaker 1: that was a bad idea, um because that kind of

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Speaker 1: this kind of happens in Fire Escape. That's for for

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Speaker 1: you kids out there. We need to make Jonathan watch that. Anyway,

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Speaker 1: I've never watched it, so so it's it's not very

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Speaker 1: well defined hyperspace, and in the Star Wars universe, even

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Speaker 1: in the expanded universe a right, right, it's hyperspace is

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Speaker 1: kind of placed in contrast to real space. Yeah, you know,

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Speaker 1: real space being of course what we're kind of moving

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Speaker 1: around and the under under normal speed constraints are moving

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Speaker 1: around it. And then and then yeah, apparently these these

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Speaker 1: hypermatter reactor drives with hypermatter implosion cores. I mean, it

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Speaker 1: sounds a little bit like a like a wormhole or

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Speaker 1: a tests or act something like that. Like, again, it's

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Speaker 1: not very well explained. So some of there's like it

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Speaker 1: could be a parallel universe where you open up a

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Speaker 1: gate and you travel into a new universe, and then

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Speaker 1: you open up a second gate and you re emerge

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Speaker 1: into quote unquote our universe the start, or at least

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Speaker 1: the Star Wars universe real space, but you are you know,

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Speaker 1: in a different point of real space than you were

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Speaker 1: when you started. Um Or it could be an extra

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Speaker 1: dimension in space, which is kind of like warp drive

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Speaker 1: where you're warping space around you. It could be an

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Speaker 1: alternate mode of physical existence, which I said is kind

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Speaker 1: of like an astral plane for those of you who

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Speaker 1: play fantasy games where you can travel to that um

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Speaker 1: or it could just be traveling faster than the speed

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Speaker 1: of light, and all of that is difficult to to

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Speaker 1: get your head around. Again, none of that was definitively

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Speaker 1: set down in the movies as this is how hyper

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Speaker 1: drive works or hyperspace. So we have a lot of

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Speaker 1: different things to choose from and uh, and it seems

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Speaker 1: to me that a lot of the people who write

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Speaker 1: in the Star Wars universe or who have tried to

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Speaker 1: explain the Star Wars universe have kind of fudged around

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Speaker 1: with this a lot. No one has really come out

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Speaker 1: with what is the definitive answer as to what this is? Right? Sure,

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Speaker 1: and and this I used this example about about once

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Speaker 1: a week with Jonathan, but it always reminds me of

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Speaker 1: this one terrific interview that Rick Burman did about a

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Speaker 1: Star Trek, specifically the UH Eisenberg uncertainty compensators and the transporters,

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Speaker 1: and someone was like, well, how did those work? And

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Speaker 1: he was like, very well, thank you, next question. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: whereas you know, the holidack works very poorly, or at

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Speaker 1: least it breaks down once a year. But again within

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Speaker 1: the lore of Star Wars. Hyperspace itself is first discovered

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Speaker 1: by a race called the Raccotta, and they create ricata

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Speaker 1: like the cheese. No, it's our a k A t A. Okay,

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Speaker 1: just checking. You're gonna remember that Star Wars often the

350
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Speaker 1: pronunciations are exactly the same as very silly stuff here

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Speaker 1: on Earth. Funny about that, um. But anyway, they they

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Speaker 1: created force powered drives, so they were tapping into the

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Speaker 1: power of the Force to travel through space at incredible speeds.

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Speaker 1: And there there, I have no problem because the force

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Speaker 1: is magic, and and magic means you do not have

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Speaker 1: to explain how something works technologically, physics, it's right out

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Speaker 1: the windows, right, Yeah, you know it's a fairy tale.

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Speaker 1: You don't question the physics of a fairy tale, you know.

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Speaker 1: I mean if you sit there and say, well, wouldn't

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Speaker 1: prints climbing Rapunzel's hair, scalp her and leave her screaming

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Speaker 1: in pain, that doesn't make the fairy tale very much fun.

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Speaker 1: Uh would have been a very short movie. Tangled would

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Speaker 1: have been very grim and not in a fairy tale

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Speaker 1: kind of Okay, anyway, I'm getting off track. But they

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Speaker 1: used the force, and I thought, oh, well, if it's

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Speaker 1: thing that's force space then except that then within again

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Speaker 1: the expanded lore. The Karelians Karelias, one of the planets

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Speaker 1: in the Star Wars universe, and the Euros both found

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Speaker 1: these starship drives and using reverse engineering, determined how they

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Speaker 1: worked and created technological versions of these force driven drives.

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Speaker 1: So they use technology to replicate what the force did.

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Speaker 1: And now now we have a technological explanation for how

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Speaker 1: hyperspace works. Except there's no actual explanation there. It's just

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Speaker 1: that it is technological. Now this is what drives me

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Speaker 1: crazy because then I'm like, okay, wait no, So if

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Speaker 1: there is a technical way to make it happen, how

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Speaker 1: does it work? Um? And and really we have more

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Speaker 1: about the process than anything else. So uh. In the movies,

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Speaker 1: when they were going to make a jump to hyperspace,

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Speaker 1: they would activate the ship's navigational computer, which would calculate

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Speaker 1: whatever the route needed to And this was important because,

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Speaker 1: as Han Solo explains to Luke, who is an impatient

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Speaker 1: little brat in a New Hope, he explains, like, you

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Speaker 1: can't hurry this stuff because if you do, you pass

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Speaker 1: too close to a star or a planet, it pulls

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Speaker 1: you out of hyperspace and you could die. Yeah. Yeah. Now,

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00:21:17,359 --> 00:21:21,040
Speaker 1: now this to me creates another problem because if hyperspace

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Speaker 1: is in fact a parallel universe, why do things that

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Speaker 1: exist in our meat space affect you when you're in

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Speaker 1: the parallel universe, unless, of course they also have a

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Speaker 1: presence in that parallel universe. I I do, I don't know.

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Speaker 1: And it sounds much more like a like a like

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Speaker 1: a wormhole, like like you're somehow jumping from from point

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Speaker 1: to point along kind of a like like an conveyor

395
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Speaker 1: belt sort of thing, which is another concept that we

396
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Speaker 1: can talk about in a minute. So you're you're thinking

397
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Speaker 1: more along the lines of this parallel universe has has

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Speaker 1: certain anchor points to real space that it does pass through,

399
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Speaker 1: even if it's not a one to one ratio. Is

400
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Speaker 1: that kind of what you're talking about or yeah, or

401
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Speaker 1: kind of like I don't know, like like there's just

402
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Speaker 1: certain sections of space that you can go much faster

403
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Speaker 1: through and and unfortunately, you know sometimes as some gets

404
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Speaker 1: in the way. So you're talking about like the auto

405
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Speaker 1: bawn of space. Yeah, and that's another thing that I

406
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Speaker 1: was reading on Wikipedia, was was saying, was saying that

407
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Speaker 1: there maybe about eight of these, according to the Star

408
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Speaker 1: Wars universe kicking around and that are super safe roots,

409
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Speaker 1: and then there's some that are pretty shady and wind

410
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Speaker 1: up getting me stuck in an asteroid. Wow. Okay, well,

411
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Speaker 1: at any rate, it does make me sit there and

412
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Speaker 1: think this parallel universe explanation is is harder to get

413
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Speaker 1: my mind wrapped around if things in real space can

414
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Speaker 1: affect you're traveling through the parallel universe, unless, of course, uh,

415
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Speaker 1: it's just talking about how where your output is going

416
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Speaker 1: to be, like where your stopping point is going to be,

417
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Speaker 1: then obviously would be important if if it um maybe

418
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Speaker 1: it has to calculate all right, well, during the process,

419
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Speaker 1: like right now, if we were to leave, if we

420
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Speaker 1: were to instantaneously jumped to this endpoint right now, we'd

421
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Speaker 1: be fine. But by the time we actually get there,

422
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Speaker 1: there's gonna be a planet in the way because of

423
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Speaker 1: the rotation of the planets. Then I'm like, okay, all right,

424
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Speaker 1: I got it. Now that makes sense. It was to me.

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Speaker 1: It was the stuff that was on the pathway that

426
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Speaker 1: made no sense. But anyway, the hyper drive would create

427
00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:20,879
Speaker 1: ripples in the time space matrix using a fusion reaction

428
00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:24,560
Speaker 1: and gamma radiation and then the ripples would propel the

429
00:23:24,640 --> 00:23:27,720
Speaker 1: ship into hyperspace. And none of that makes any sense,

430
00:23:29,119 --> 00:23:31,280
Speaker 1: but then again, it sounds really impressive if you're just

431
00:23:31,400 --> 00:23:33,399
Speaker 1: not thinking at all. If if you're just if Han

432
00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:36,200
Speaker 1: Solo were reading that, I would be like, yeah, total, yeah,

433
00:23:36,280 --> 00:23:37,919
Speaker 1: well let me come on. He was kind of dreamy,

434
00:23:39,400 --> 00:23:42,240
Speaker 1: just we just bought anything, he said, uh yeah. And

435
00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:44,719
Speaker 1: and this also reminds me of warp drive as well,

436
00:23:44,760 --> 00:23:47,760
Speaker 1: where you're you're warping the time space. In this case

437
00:23:47,800 --> 00:23:50,120
Speaker 1: it's the time space matrix and in star check could

438
00:23:50,119 --> 00:23:52,960
Speaker 1: be the space time continuum. But either way, it's the

439
00:23:53,080 --> 00:23:57,320
Speaker 1: idea of warping the dimensions themselves in order to propel

440
00:23:57,480 --> 00:24:01,760
Speaker 1: you across vast distances that incredible speeds. And uh and

441
00:24:01,920 --> 00:24:05,399
Speaker 1: so that's kind of the breakdown of how it worked

442
00:24:05,480 --> 00:24:08,600
Speaker 1: within the lore of Star Wars. All Right, guys, I'm

443
00:24:08,600 --> 00:24:11,440
Speaker 1: gonna interrupt this classic episode for just a moment so

444
00:24:11,520 --> 00:24:21,919
Speaker 1: that we can take a quick break to thank our sponsors. Alright,

445
00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:24,840
Speaker 1: so let's get back to hyperspace. So we mentioned in

446
00:24:24,920 --> 00:24:27,080
Speaker 1: the first half nothing can go faster than the speed

447
00:24:27,119 --> 00:24:30,080
Speaker 1: of light, this universal speed. Look, yeah, it's it's smart

448
00:24:30,119 --> 00:24:32,840
Speaker 1: people such as Einstein have talked a lot about that, right,

449
00:24:32,960 --> 00:24:38,240
Speaker 1: and that that speed and time themselves actually have a relationship.

450
00:24:38,760 --> 00:24:42,679
Speaker 1: And so this gets us into special relativity. There are

451
00:24:42,680 --> 00:24:44,960
Speaker 1: a lot of different aspects of special relativity, but the

452
00:24:45,000 --> 00:24:47,200
Speaker 1: one that interests me the most in this discussion is

453
00:24:47,240 --> 00:24:52,840
Speaker 1: the fact that as objects move faster, time dilates on

454
00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:56,399
Speaker 1: that object relative to a stationary observer. So again, in

455
00:24:56,480 --> 00:24:59,400
Speaker 1: other words, like if I if I'm standing perfectly still

456
00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:02,600
Speaker 1: in space, so I'm not, I'm not on a planet,

457
00:25:02,640 --> 00:25:06,320
Speaker 1: I'm not moving at all, hopefully in space suit Yes, sure,

458
00:25:06,760 --> 00:25:08,080
Speaker 1: why not? I'll give it to you at this time,

459
00:25:08,160 --> 00:25:11,720
Speaker 1: all right, And Lauren, you are in a zippy little

460
00:25:11,800 --> 00:25:14,960
Speaker 1: ship that's going at near the speed of light. Again,

461
00:25:15,040 --> 00:25:18,120
Speaker 1: to you, time seems to be passing at the normal rate.

462
00:25:18,520 --> 00:25:20,480
Speaker 1: Like if you were to have a watch watch, it

463
00:25:20,520 --> 00:25:22,960
Speaker 1: would be taking along at one second partick according to

464
00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:25,879
Speaker 1: my eyeballs, right, and it would feel exactly like it

465
00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:29,240
Speaker 1: was as long as a second should be. My watch

466
00:25:29,359 --> 00:25:32,240
Speaker 1: would also to me be it would appear to be

467
00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:36,400
Speaker 1: moving at exactly the correct speed. Now, if I were

468
00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:39,920
Speaker 1: to to be able to see what's happening in your

469
00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:42,680
Speaker 1: little world, it would look to me like a time

470
00:25:42,800 --> 00:25:46,600
Speaker 1: had slowed way down for you, and that more time

471
00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:49,240
Speaker 1: was passing for me than it was for you, so

472
00:25:49,760 --> 00:25:52,119
Speaker 1: you could do like a quick joy ride around the

473
00:25:52,359 --> 00:25:55,679
Speaker 1: solar system. And let's say we're just going to make

474
00:25:55,680 --> 00:25:58,120
Speaker 1: an argument that that you take an hour long trip

475
00:25:58,280 --> 00:26:01,600
Speaker 1: around the solar system and to me, to to your

476
00:26:01,800 --> 00:26:05,120
Speaker 1: to your watch, so your watch, you start the timer

477
00:26:05,160 --> 00:26:07,920
Speaker 1: as soon as you engage the drive, and an hour

478
00:26:08,040 --> 00:26:10,280
Speaker 1: has gone by, and you you come back and pick

479
00:26:10,280 --> 00:26:12,359
Speaker 1: you up, you come back to see me, and uh,

480
00:26:12,520 --> 00:26:14,680
Speaker 1: and we're gonna say that you're going on a speed

481
00:26:14,760 --> 00:26:17,400
Speaker 1: so that we won't make it ridiculous. So were you're

482
00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:20,040
Speaker 1: going at a speed where a year of time has

483
00:26:20,080 --> 00:26:23,399
Speaker 1: gone by for me? I'm going to Chris speed. Sorry, So,

484
00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:25,600
Speaker 1: so an hour of time has gone by for Lauren,

485
00:26:25,680 --> 00:26:29,000
Speaker 1: a year has gone by for me. Um, And that's

486
00:26:29,160 --> 00:26:33,480
Speaker 1: the special relativity. It's that idea that again relative to me,

487
00:26:34,400 --> 00:26:36,960
Speaker 1: less time has passed for Lauren. Relative to Lauren, more

488
00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:39,400
Speaker 1: time has passed for me. Right, And then that's because

489
00:26:39,440 --> 00:26:42,680
Speaker 1: that's because speed and mass both have speed and gravity

490
00:26:42,800 --> 00:26:45,560
Speaker 1: both have an effect on time, as time is a

491
00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:49,520
Speaker 1: substance itself. So now the gravity mass thing that's really

492
00:26:49,600 --> 00:26:52,960
Speaker 1: more general relativity. But that's that's also playing a part

493
00:26:53,440 --> 00:26:56,200
Speaker 1: in all of our calculations when it comes to space faring.

494
00:26:56,600 --> 00:26:59,000
Speaker 1: By the way, if you were to do something like

495
00:26:59,200 --> 00:27:02,879
Speaker 1: Carrie and a my clock, uh, and have it synchronized

496
00:27:02,920 --> 00:27:05,600
Speaker 1: within another atomic clock. So two atomic clocks are side

497
00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:08,359
Speaker 1: by side on a table here on Earth, and you

498
00:27:08,480 --> 00:27:12,080
Speaker 1: take one of those and you get on an air elevator.

499
00:27:12,640 --> 00:27:14,119
Speaker 1: Is not even a space all there. You just get

500
00:27:14,200 --> 00:27:16,800
Speaker 1: an airplane. And as an airplane is going at top

501
00:27:16,920 --> 00:27:19,359
Speaker 1: speed and it's flying as far as it possibly can

502
00:27:19,480 --> 00:27:21,600
Speaker 1: and then it lands. By the time it lands, those

503
00:27:21,640 --> 00:27:24,080
Speaker 1: two clocks that were in perfect sink before will no

504
00:27:24,200 --> 00:27:26,320
Speaker 1: longer be in perfect sinc And the reason is is

505
00:27:26,400 --> 00:27:29,679
Speaker 1: that you were traveling a little faster. There's also some uh,

506
00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:34,120
Speaker 1: the element of general relativity, which means that when you're

507
00:27:34,160 --> 00:27:35,879
Speaker 1: further away from the center of the Earth and and

508
00:27:35,960 --> 00:27:39,640
Speaker 1: therefore the closer you are to a large mass object,

509
00:27:40,200 --> 00:27:44,520
Speaker 1: the slower time passes for you relative to something that's

510
00:27:44,520 --> 00:27:47,400
Speaker 1: further out from that massive object. Again, it's all relative

511
00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:50,600
Speaker 1: because from your individual experience, it seems like time is

512
00:27:50,680 --> 00:27:52,920
Speaker 1: passing at the same rate unless you're you know, waiting

513
00:27:52,960 --> 00:27:55,159
Speaker 1: on an important phone call, in which case, yeah, like

514
00:27:55,320 --> 00:27:58,840
Speaker 1: you know that that dreamy, that dreamy person you met

515
00:27:58,880 --> 00:28:00,639
Speaker 1: at that party is supposed to call and you're just

516
00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:03,360
Speaker 1: staring at the phone. Tie. Every second is an eternity,

517
00:28:03,440 --> 00:28:05,159
Speaker 1: no matter whether you're traveling at the speed of light

518
00:28:05,240 --> 00:28:07,040
Speaker 1: or not. But anyway, yeah, we can observe this in

519
00:28:07,119 --> 00:28:09,280
Speaker 1: it in satellites that we've launched into orbit, they have

520
00:28:09,400 --> 00:28:12,920
Speaker 1: to they have to mathematically correct for that sort of Yeah. So,

521
00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:16,120
Speaker 1: in fact, both special and general relativity play a part

522
00:28:16,160 --> 00:28:20,720
Speaker 1: in this. So the Global Positioning System GPS, the GPS

523
00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:24,680
Speaker 1: device you have picks up signals that are beamed down

524
00:28:24,920 --> 00:28:28,920
Speaker 1: from satellites, and the satellites part of the signal is

525
00:28:28,960 --> 00:28:31,560
Speaker 1: a time stamp, and the way your GPS figures out

526
00:28:31,600 --> 00:28:34,080
Speaker 1: where you are is by saying, all right, well, it

527
00:28:34,160 --> 00:28:37,359
Speaker 1: took X amount of time for for this one signal

528
00:28:37,480 --> 00:28:40,040
Speaker 1: to come from this satellite to hit me, It took

529
00:28:40,240 --> 00:28:42,560
Speaker 1: x amount why amount of time from the signal from

530
00:28:42,600 --> 00:28:44,880
Speaker 1: this other satellite hit me, and took the amount of

531
00:28:44,960 --> 00:28:47,560
Speaker 1: time for the signal from this third satellite to hit me.

532
00:28:47,840 --> 00:28:50,160
Speaker 1: Based upon all of that and the position of those satellites,

533
00:28:50,240 --> 00:28:52,640
Speaker 1: I know that I must be on this point on

534
00:28:52,800 --> 00:28:56,160
Speaker 1: the Earth. Well, obviously the time stamp is really important

535
00:28:56,200 --> 00:28:59,280
Speaker 1: for the information to work. It needs to be pretty precise, yeah,

536
00:28:59,360 --> 00:29:02,480
Speaker 1: otherwise it's going to give you the wrong location on

537
00:29:02,640 --> 00:29:05,000
Speaker 1: the Earth. The thing about the satellites is that they

538
00:29:05,080 --> 00:29:09,400
Speaker 1: are traveling faster than a point relative on the surface

539
00:29:09,480 --> 00:29:12,040
Speaker 1: of the Earth, so that means that time is passing

540
00:29:12,520 --> 00:29:16,160
Speaker 1: again at a different rate relative to us here on

541
00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:18,960
Speaker 1: Earth on the on the surface. But they are also

542
00:29:19,080 --> 00:29:21,840
Speaker 1: further out from the mass of the Earth, which means

543
00:29:22,040 --> 00:29:24,560
Speaker 1: they're going faster, So that means times passing more slowly

544
00:29:24,600 --> 00:29:26,680
Speaker 1: relative to us. But they are further out, so time

545
00:29:26,760 --> 00:29:30,760
Speaker 1: is passing faster than relative to us. This gets really complicated,

546
00:29:31,520 --> 00:29:34,080
Speaker 1: but if you were talking about just special relativity, because

547
00:29:34,120 --> 00:29:36,840
Speaker 1: the satellites are moving so fast, they have about a

548
00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:40,160
Speaker 1: lag of about seven micro seconds per day on the

549
00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:43,440
Speaker 1: satellites clock. So remember they're they're traveling faster than the

550
00:29:43,920 --> 00:29:45,880
Speaker 1: relative point on the surface of the Earth, so that

551
00:29:45,960 --> 00:29:49,880
Speaker 1: means that less time is passing on the satellite seven

552
00:29:49,960 --> 00:29:52,520
Speaker 1: micro seconds per day as a as a result. But

553
00:29:52,840 --> 00:29:54,880
Speaker 1: because they're further out from the mass of the Earth,

554
00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:57,560
Speaker 1: then a clock would be here, you know, close to

555
00:29:57,640 --> 00:30:01,520
Speaker 1: the surface. Their clocks are actually running faster by about

556
00:30:01,600 --> 00:30:05,800
Speaker 1: forty five microseconds per day because of general relativity. So

557
00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:08,720
Speaker 1: if you take those two numbers, the the lag of

558
00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:13,520
Speaker 1: second seven microseconds and the surplus of forty five microseconds,

559
00:30:13,560 --> 00:30:16,000
Speaker 1: and then you know, combine the two to cancel them out,

560
00:30:16,400 --> 00:30:19,320
Speaker 1: you are still left with a thirty eight microseconds surplus

561
00:30:19,560 --> 00:30:22,600
Speaker 1: per day on the satellites clock compared to one on Earth.

562
00:30:23,280 --> 00:30:25,040
Speaker 1: So that means that you actually have to correct for that.

563
00:30:25,800 --> 00:30:28,960
Speaker 1: All right, that's one satellite that's orbiting Earth. Now imagine

564
00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:33,160
Speaker 1: that on all the spaceships traveling everywhere all the time.

565
00:30:33,520 --> 00:30:35,640
Speaker 1: And that's why you get to the point where keeping

566
00:30:35,920 --> 00:30:38,720
Speaker 1: track of time is an impossible actic level is Yeah,

567
00:30:39,160 --> 00:30:41,440
Speaker 1: So in the case of Han Solo, again going back

568
00:30:41,480 --> 00:30:45,080
Speaker 1: to that that Wired article that Kyle Hill wrote, he

569
00:30:45,280 --> 00:30:48,640
Speaker 1: started pointing out that assuming that you're going at near

570
00:30:48,720 --> 00:30:50,920
Speaker 1: the speed of light. He went ahead and said, okay,

571
00:30:50,960 --> 00:30:52,960
Speaker 1: you can't go faster than speed of light. Yeah, let's

572
00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:54,920
Speaker 1: let's that's right out. And going at the speed of

573
00:30:55,040 --> 00:30:57,080
Speaker 1: light is also impossible because you would at that point

574
00:30:57,160 --> 00:31:01,080
Speaker 1: have infinite density, density, and and mass. So that would

575
00:31:01,080 --> 00:31:04,560
Speaker 1: be bad mass. Your mass increases as you get closer

576
00:31:04,640 --> 00:31:08,720
Speaker 1: to the speed of light. But if we say ad infinitum, yeah,

577
00:31:09,240 --> 00:31:11,800
Speaker 1: so it's going about as fast as it as as

578
00:31:12,120 --> 00:31:14,240
Speaker 1: as close to the speed of light as you possibly

579
00:31:14,560 --> 00:31:18,520
Speaker 1: can imagine. This is probably not it's probably not ever

580
00:31:18,680 --> 00:31:21,760
Speaker 1: going to be possible physically, but if you can imagine

581
00:31:21,840 --> 00:31:25,800
Speaker 1: it um that, then the Kessel run would take about

582
00:31:25,920 --> 00:31:29,320
Speaker 1: half a day, about sixteen hours yea, so sixteen hours

583
00:31:29,400 --> 00:31:32,840
Speaker 1: on the on the Millennium Falcon. But then galactic time,

584
00:31:32,960 --> 00:31:35,680
Speaker 1: assuming the galactic time is passing at a stands to

585
00:31:37,160 --> 00:31:40,440
Speaker 1: forty years, So forty years would pass in galactic time

586
00:31:40,480 --> 00:31:44,719
Speaker 1: while on board the Falcon, sixteen hours passes. So they

587
00:31:44,760 --> 00:31:48,400
Speaker 1: started to figure out like how much time has passed

588
00:31:48,480 --> 00:31:52,640
Speaker 1: in the gal and the galaxy since Han Solo made

589
00:31:52,760 --> 00:31:55,360
Speaker 1: his Kessel run, And then he started saying, well, yeahs

590
00:31:55,680 --> 00:31:58,320
Speaker 1: probably made the Kessel run more than once, so if

591
00:31:58,360 --> 00:32:01,400
Speaker 1: you start adding up to of Kessel runs, how much

592
00:32:01,440 --> 00:32:03,320
Speaker 1: time has passed. And that's when he said, like, you know,

593
00:32:03,480 --> 00:32:05,280
Speaker 1: you do two Kestle runs. And then he had to

594
00:32:05,360 --> 00:32:11,040
Speaker 1: have been born before characters who like cook. Yeah, so

595
00:32:11,880 --> 00:32:15,640
Speaker 1: then you've got Han Solo predating all the characters who

596
00:32:15,960 --> 00:32:18,760
Speaker 1: were in the prequels. Uh, and it's because of this

597
00:32:18,840 --> 00:32:22,920
Speaker 1: special relativity problem. So, by the way, if he were

598
00:32:23,120 --> 00:32:25,880
Speaker 1: in fact able to travel faster than the speed of light,

599
00:32:26,200 --> 00:32:28,680
Speaker 1: it would mean that he would arrive at his destination

600
00:32:28,840 --> 00:32:33,040
Speaker 1: before he left math is fun. Yeah, so so he

601
00:32:33,080 --> 00:32:36,719
Speaker 1: would actually he would be on Kessel before he had

602
00:32:36,800 --> 00:32:41,680
Speaker 1: decided to make the Kessel run due to the way

603
00:32:41,920 --> 00:32:44,080
Speaker 1: this works. Now, granted, nothing can go faster than the

604
00:32:44,080 --> 00:32:47,520
Speaker 1: speed of light. But you know, assuming they have they

605
00:32:47,560 --> 00:32:50,840
Speaker 1: have those those drives, those that the hyper drives, ret

606
00:32:50,920 --> 00:32:54,120
Speaker 1: red con drives, the red con drives. Yes, those work

607
00:32:54,200 --> 00:32:57,920
Speaker 1: really well. Um where you just say, hey, it's impossible,

608
00:32:58,000 --> 00:33:00,520
Speaker 1: let's change it. Let's look at the wookie. Uh. And

609
00:33:00,760 --> 00:33:03,680
Speaker 1: and so the stasis field was sort of the answer

610
00:33:03,720 --> 00:33:07,200
Speaker 1: to that, saying that the time does not pass differently

611
00:33:07,320 --> 00:33:09,840
Speaker 1: aboard the ship as it does in the outside galaxy,

612
00:33:10,080 --> 00:33:12,120
Speaker 1: which is fine except for the fact that again, remember,

613
00:33:12,160 --> 00:33:15,560
Speaker 1: every single planet has its own passage of time. Like

614
00:33:15,800 --> 00:33:18,040
Speaker 1: you know, a second feels like a second no matter

615
00:33:18,080 --> 00:33:21,640
Speaker 1: where you are, but it lasts shorter or longer depending

616
00:33:21,720 --> 00:33:24,200
Speaker 1: upon the planet's mass and its speed that it moves

617
00:33:24,240 --> 00:33:27,440
Speaker 1: through space. And also technically, I think that it would

618
00:33:27,440 --> 00:33:29,720
Speaker 1: be a little bit confusing to try to, you know,

619
00:33:30,320 --> 00:33:33,160
Speaker 1: call days out on a whole system of planets that

620
00:33:33,240 --> 00:33:37,000
Speaker 1: have different suns and different orbits, and yeah, and and tattooing.

621
00:33:37,160 --> 00:33:39,400
Speaker 1: You've got two sons, one of them might always be up.

622
00:33:39,440 --> 00:33:41,840
Speaker 1: You never know, I mean, it's it gets complex and

623
00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:44,680
Speaker 1: uh yeah, And then you have all these other people

624
00:33:44,840 --> 00:33:47,880
Speaker 1: who are traveling around at nearer or faster than the

625
00:33:47,960 --> 00:33:50,600
Speaker 1: speed of lights, so time gets messed up for them too,

626
00:33:50,800 --> 00:33:54,840
Speaker 1: So time would be meaningless in this universe, which you know,

627
00:33:55,320 --> 00:33:58,560
Speaker 1: one could argue it's kind of meaningless now, but I

628
00:33:58,640 --> 00:34:01,880
Speaker 1: don't get that cynical except on Friday's and it's a Thursday,

629
00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:04,800
Speaker 1: so I'm all right. Then again, there are also some

630
00:34:04,920 --> 00:34:07,800
Speaker 1: criticisms to things like the visual representation of what it

631
00:34:07,840 --> 00:34:11,399
Speaker 1: looks like to go into hyperspace, which I thought was awesome. Yeah, yeah,

632
00:34:11,440 --> 00:34:13,560
Speaker 1: there there was a study that was done by did

633
00:34:13,600 --> 00:34:14,960
Speaker 1: that study I don't have it in front of some

634
00:34:15,080 --> 00:34:20,080
Speaker 1: students Riley Connor's, Katie Dexter, Joshua Argyle and Cameron's school

635
00:34:20,120 --> 00:34:22,760
Speaker 1: are and they said that if you were to travel

636
00:34:22,840 --> 00:34:24,520
Speaker 1: at the speed of light, not only would you not

637
00:34:24,920 --> 00:34:28,880
Speaker 1: see those stars become streaks, they would become a cone

638
00:34:28,960 --> 00:34:30,880
Speaker 1: of light, so the center would be the brightest and

639
00:34:30,960 --> 00:34:33,239
Speaker 1: the further out from the cone, the darker it would get.

640
00:34:33,920 --> 00:34:35,680
Speaker 1: And uh, and part of that is because of the

641
00:34:35,760 --> 00:34:38,959
Speaker 1: Doppler effect essentially, right, right, that's that's that's blue shift

642
00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:41,359
Speaker 1: and redshift. And yes, when you're when you're when you're

643
00:34:41,400 --> 00:34:43,360
Speaker 1: moving and near the speed of light or at the

644
00:34:43,360 --> 00:34:46,320
Speaker 1: speed of light towards something, um, everything is going to

645
00:34:46,400 --> 00:34:50,440
Speaker 1: shift towards blue. Yeah. The waves compressed because you're you're

646
00:34:50,800 --> 00:34:54,440
Speaker 1: traveling toward the the emanation of those waves, so they

647
00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:56,279
Speaker 1: are being compressed further and further. In fact, that would

648
00:34:56,280 --> 00:34:59,080
Speaker 1: be compressed so much as to move outside the visible

649
00:34:59,200 --> 00:35:01,759
Speaker 1: spectrum and then you would start getting hit by lots

650
00:35:01,800 --> 00:35:03,880
Speaker 1: of X rays, which would tell you that your spaceship

651
00:35:04,000 --> 00:35:06,279
Speaker 1: needs to have some real protection built into it or

652
00:35:06,320 --> 00:35:08,319
Speaker 1: else people are not going to feel so great when

653
00:35:08,360 --> 00:35:11,319
Speaker 1: they get to where they're going. Uh. And that's an

654
00:35:11,360 --> 00:35:13,799
Speaker 1: interesting point too. Yeah, And I didn't even think about

655
00:35:13,840 --> 00:35:17,080
Speaker 1: that until I read this little study, and I thought, well,

656
00:35:17,160 --> 00:35:19,520
Speaker 1: that's pretty clever. Yeah, I guess. So the Doubler effect

657
00:35:19,560 --> 00:35:22,760
Speaker 1: would would be something you'd have to take into account,

658
00:35:22,800 --> 00:35:25,640
Speaker 1: so it wouldn't look like those stars flying by the

659
00:35:25,719 --> 00:35:29,200
Speaker 1: way they do in the movies. UM, So we wanted

660
00:35:29,239 --> 00:35:32,480
Speaker 1: to talk a little bit conclude with a discussion about

661
00:35:32,560 --> 00:35:36,960
Speaker 1: some actual real propulsion systems besides chemical rockets. Now we

662
00:35:37,040 --> 00:35:40,480
Speaker 1: don't have a hyperdrive, which is unfortunate. We would love

663
00:35:40,560 --> 00:35:43,560
Speaker 1: to have one, obviously, would be really handy, you guys,

664
00:35:43,600 --> 00:35:46,160
Speaker 1: get on that. Yeah, but right now we don't have one.

665
00:35:46,560 --> 00:35:49,960
Speaker 1: So some of the propulsion systems have been proposed for

666
00:35:51,040 --> 00:35:55,359
Speaker 1: for for space travel beyond. We're getting outside the whole

667
00:35:55,400 --> 00:35:57,799
Speaker 1: thing about launching off the Earth. I mean that that part.

668
00:35:57,880 --> 00:36:00,760
Speaker 1: You still pretty much need chemical rockets, solid fuel rockets

669
00:36:01,440 --> 00:36:05,200
Speaker 1: to provide the propulsion you need to get off the planet,

670
00:36:05,360 --> 00:36:08,680
Speaker 1: right because the amount of power involved what we can

671
00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:11,080
Speaker 1: do with chemical right now is a lot more. Um

672
00:36:11,719 --> 00:36:14,200
Speaker 1: it gives a lot more, a lot more. That's this

673
00:36:14,760 --> 00:36:19,440
Speaker 1: astronomical term, and there's a plenty in a chemical rocket. Guys.

674
00:36:19,480 --> 00:36:21,959
Speaker 1: We just popped out of hyperspace for just a moment,

675
00:36:22,040 --> 00:36:23,840
Speaker 1: so we can take another quick break, but we'll be

676
00:36:24,080 --> 00:36:34,319
Speaker 1: right back. These other drives would be very useful once

677
00:36:34,360 --> 00:36:37,040
Speaker 1: you do get up into space where you don't have

678
00:36:37,160 --> 00:36:39,840
Speaker 1: to have the considerations of escaping a planet's gravity or

679
00:36:39,920 --> 00:36:43,520
Speaker 1: battling its atmosphere in order to maneuver, right, because the

680
00:36:43,560 --> 00:36:45,640
Speaker 1: thing about about these chemical drives is that they are

681
00:36:45,880 --> 00:36:49,840
Speaker 1: extremely wasteful in a grand universal kind of scheme. You

682
00:36:49,920 --> 00:36:52,040
Speaker 1: have to carry a lot of fuel. They pack a

683
00:36:52,080 --> 00:36:53,960
Speaker 1: lot of power, but you have to carry an awful

684
00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:58,160
Speaker 1: lot of it's not terribly efficient. Uh So they wouldn't

685
00:36:58,239 --> 00:37:00,560
Speaker 1: last very long in the grand scheme of things. If

686
00:37:00,600 --> 00:37:04,400
Speaker 1: you're talking about trying to travel vast different distances, not differences,

687
00:37:04,440 --> 00:37:09,439
Speaker 1: but distances, then the chemical uh rockets end up being

688
00:37:09,719 --> 00:37:13,680
Speaker 1: really heavy and that limits how much you can carry,

689
00:37:13,800 --> 00:37:16,000
Speaker 1: which in turn limits how far you can go so

690
00:37:16,239 --> 00:37:19,400
Speaker 1: without just coasting like for example, the voice your satellites

691
00:37:19,600 --> 00:37:22,760
Speaker 1: right right, which, hey, just left the Solar system. Actually

692
00:37:22,880 --> 00:37:27,919
Speaker 1: they didn't. They come back. Yeah, you have left something

693
00:37:27,960 --> 00:37:30,719
Speaker 1: on Pluto. Um no, they that was that was a

694
00:37:30,800 --> 00:37:33,879
Speaker 1: little bit of a miss misquote in the press. Oh nice. Yeah,

695
00:37:34,000 --> 00:37:35,920
Speaker 1: Well I'm glad you. I'm glad you caught up on that,

696
00:37:35,960 --> 00:37:39,719
Speaker 1: because obviously I did not failed to tweet about it,

697
00:37:39,840 --> 00:37:44,239
Speaker 1: so well, I'm that's bad. Hey, No, it's okay, you

698
00:37:44,360 --> 00:37:46,600
Speaker 1: caught it on the podcast. So now our listeners can

699
00:37:46,640 --> 00:37:50,600
Speaker 1: say that vogo bomb she keeps Strickland on task. So

700
00:37:51,200 --> 00:37:52,440
Speaker 1: one of the ones we want to talk about where

701
00:37:52,480 --> 00:37:56,239
Speaker 1: ion engines. Now ion engines, they're using ions, and so

702
00:37:56,440 --> 00:38:00,200
Speaker 1: that's charged particles. Um. You know, think of an them

703
00:38:00,280 --> 00:38:05,120
Speaker 1: that's either either has an excess of electrons or a

704
00:38:05,760 --> 00:38:08,640
Speaker 1: deficit in electrons, so either way to either a negative

705
00:38:08,680 --> 00:38:13,120
Speaker 1: or positive charge. Plasma is an ionic gas, So it's

706
00:38:13,120 --> 00:38:15,680
Speaker 1: a gas that has these free ions moving through. It

707
00:38:15,800 --> 00:38:18,320
Speaker 1: means that you can actually pass electric current through the

708
00:38:18,440 --> 00:38:21,399
Speaker 1: gas itself. That's what a plasma is. A positible, of course,

709
00:38:21,480 --> 00:38:25,759
Speaker 1: is the most plentiful of the states of matter in

710
00:38:25,840 --> 00:38:29,040
Speaker 1: the universe as far as we are aware. And um.

711
00:38:29,520 --> 00:38:33,000
Speaker 1: And so the ion engines use electric fields rather than

712
00:38:33,080 --> 00:38:36,280
Speaker 1: chemical reactions to create propulsion, and they're not as powerful

713
00:38:36,320 --> 00:38:38,800
Speaker 1: as chemical engines, so they don't give you that the

714
00:38:38,880 --> 00:38:42,440
Speaker 1: chemical engines do, but they are way more efficient, so

715
00:38:42,560 --> 00:38:46,000
Speaker 1: they can last ages, and they use the solar energy

716
00:38:46,120 --> 00:38:48,640
Speaker 1: to provide that. Yeah, they get the solar energy to

717
00:38:48,719 --> 00:38:52,680
Speaker 1: provide electricity to help create these reactions that will create

718
00:38:52,719 --> 00:38:57,120
Speaker 1: the ions that that propel it. So they have these

719
00:38:57,160 --> 00:38:59,959
Speaker 1: big solar panels that will unfold from the space craft.

720
00:39:00,440 --> 00:39:04,440
Speaker 1: We've already launched some spacecraft using ion engines. The Dawn spacecraft,

721
00:39:04,480 --> 00:39:07,359
Speaker 1: which launched on September twenty seventh, two thousand seven, has

722
00:39:07,440 --> 00:39:11,440
Speaker 1: ion engines and uses the solar panels to get the electricity.

723
00:39:11,800 --> 00:39:15,920
Speaker 1: UM it's destination it had to actually, but the second destination,

724
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:19,799
Speaker 1: the ultimate destination, is a dwarf planet series, and it's

725
00:39:19,800 --> 00:39:24,840
Speaker 1: scheduled to arrive there in February. Uh So, visiting the

726
00:39:24,960 --> 00:39:29,280
Speaker 1: NASA pages about this spacecraft, I saw some interesting figures.

727
00:39:29,640 --> 00:39:32,000
Speaker 1: One was that it is a six point three billion

728
00:39:32,120 --> 00:39:35,160
Speaker 1: kilometer journey, and just so that you get an idea

729
00:39:35,160 --> 00:39:36,960
Speaker 1: of how far that is compared to a light year.

730
00:39:37,040 --> 00:39:40,239
Speaker 1: A light year is nine point four trillion kilometers, so

731
00:39:40,360 --> 00:39:43,440
Speaker 1: six point three billion kilometers still nowhere near a light year.

732
00:39:44,080 --> 00:39:47,800
Speaker 1: So it assuming that it arrives on the first of February,

733
00:39:47,920 --> 00:39:52,080
Speaker 1: in which you know, that's I just took as an arbitrary. Yeah,

734
00:39:52,800 --> 00:39:56,200
Speaker 1: it will have flown for seven years, five months, and

735
00:39:56,360 --> 00:39:59,280
Speaker 1: two days to go those six point three billion kilometers,

736
00:39:59,520 --> 00:40:02,359
Speaker 1: so I it's him. I did some silly little math

737
00:40:02,480 --> 00:40:06,640
Speaker 1: which was that six million, six point three billion kilometers

738
00:40:06,719 --> 00:40:09,680
Speaker 1: ends up being six point three trillion meters, and then

739
00:40:10,000 --> 00:40:12,279
Speaker 1: you have to figure out how many seconds are in

740
00:40:12,400 --> 00:40:15,080
Speaker 1: seven years five months and two days, So I did

741
00:40:15,760 --> 00:40:19,440
Speaker 1: two hundred six million, hundred seconds. So if you do

742
00:40:19,600 --> 00:40:22,680
Speaker 1: the math, then that means that the average speed, and

743
00:40:22,840 --> 00:40:25,280
Speaker 1: this is you know, just an average because it does change,

744
00:40:25,719 --> 00:40:29,000
Speaker 1: is twenty six thousand, five nine seven per second based

745
00:40:29,080 --> 00:40:31,920
Speaker 1: on the information that I was able to find. So uh,

746
00:40:33,280 --> 00:40:36,120
Speaker 1: I mean, not shabby, but still nowhere near the streets

747
00:40:36,160 --> 00:40:40,200
Speaker 1: of the falcon. Uh. But it also used about uses.

748
00:40:40,360 --> 00:40:45,320
Speaker 1: The Dawn's engine used fos of xenon fuel being a

749
00:40:45,400 --> 00:40:48,360
Speaker 1: neutral ly charged yeah, and it used that the solar

750
00:40:48,480 --> 00:40:52,959
Speaker 1: array to to ionize everything's uh. And the solar array

751
00:40:53,200 --> 00:40:58,320
Speaker 1: at one astronomical unit provided about ten point three kilowatts

752
00:40:58,440 --> 00:41:03,200
Speaker 1: of power. UH. Astronomical unit, by the way, is one million,

753
00:41:03,800 --> 00:41:06,160
Speaker 1: seven thousand and seventy one kilometers. And you might say, well,

754
00:41:06,239 --> 00:41:09,080
Speaker 1: what the heck kind of measurement is that, Well, that's

755
00:41:09,120 --> 00:41:12,400
Speaker 1: the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun. Because

756
00:41:12,440 --> 00:41:16,279
Speaker 1: the distance actually changes throughout the Earth's rotation around the Sun,

757
00:41:16,360 --> 00:41:19,080
Speaker 1: it's not always exactly that far away. That's the mean.

758
00:41:19,920 --> 00:41:22,600
Speaker 1: So that's what we decided to define as an astronomical unit.

759
00:41:22,640 --> 00:41:24,960
Speaker 1: And I'm sure any aliens will be happy to take

760
00:41:25,080 --> 00:41:30,400
Speaker 1: us up on a discussion of why that's very human centric. Yes,

761
00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:34,040
Speaker 1: an astronomical unit is exactly the distance between your star

762
00:41:34,320 --> 00:41:37,960
Speaker 1: and your planet. Really enlightened, guys, I mean I think

763
00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:40,799
Speaker 1: that they'll really take onto it, like parsex. Yeah, they'll

764
00:41:40,840 --> 00:41:43,960
Speaker 1: be right up there. They're like I was having this

765
00:41:44,040 --> 00:41:49,080
Speaker 1: discussion with my buddy eight parsecs ago, like, oh, come on, Like, hey,

766
00:41:49,160 --> 00:41:51,239
Speaker 1: I know how this goes because I watched your Star

767
00:41:51,280 --> 00:41:55,240
Speaker 1: Wars documentary. So at the maximum thrust, Don's ion engine

768
00:41:55,320 --> 00:41:58,920
Speaker 1: expands about point to five ms of xenon per day,

769
00:41:59,360 --> 00:42:02,480
Speaker 1: and that produced is a thrust of ninety two million Newton's,

770
00:42:03,040 --> 00:42:05,719
Speaker 1: which NASA explains is about the amount of force you

771
00:42:05,800 --> 00:42:07,960
Speaker 1: feel when you put a piece of paper on your

772
00:42:08,040 --> 00:42:11,160
Speaker 1: open hand. That's the amount of force which sounds so

773
00:42:11,480 --> 00:42:15,400
Speaker 1: incredibly unimpressive when you write, but in the in the

774
00:42:15,600 --> 00:42:19,440
Speaker 1: in the environment of space, it is plenty enough. And

775
00:42:19,719 --> 00:42:23,399
Speaker 1: uh so it says that the thrust changes the space

776
00:42:23,440 --> 00:42:27,520
Speaker 1: cust velocity about oh ten to the negative five meters

777
00:42:27,560 --> 00:42:30,520
Speaker 1: per second every second, and after about a thousand days

778
00:42:30,560 --> 00:42:33,160
Speaker 1: it would achieve a velocity of a thousand meters per second.

779
00:42:33,239 --> 00:42:39,080
Speaker 1: So because there's no dragon space exactly. Yeah, So anyway, yeah,

780
00:42:39,320 --> 00:42:41,759
Speaker 1: about a thousand meters a second after a thousand days.

781
00:42:42,400 --> 00:42:44,319
Speaker 1: So that that that speed I gave you the twenty

782
00:42:44,320 --> 00:42:48,320
Speaker 1: six seven per second. Obviously, again that's a that's just

783
00:42:48,520 --> 00:42:51,120
Speaker 1: averaging it out over the full distance. In fact, it's

784
00:42:51,160 --> 00:42:55,719
Speaker 1: just constantly accelerating, not always at that particular speed, but

785
00:42:55,920 --> 00:42:58,520
Speaker 1: it will be or at that particular rate. I shouldn't

786
00:42:58,520 --> 00:43:01,600
Speaker 1: say it's accelerating at that speed, that's totally it's not misleading,

787
00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:05,239
Speaker 1: but at that rate. So yeah, that's that's one of

788
00:43:05,280 --> 00:43:07,160
Speaker 1: the ones that we're looking at. Now. There's also other

789
00:43:08,040 --> 00:43:12,160
Speaker 1: forms of propulsion that have been proposed, like solar sales. Again,

790
00:43:12,360 --> 00:43:16,200
Speaker 1: not something that's going to get you from Earth's solar

791
00:43:16,320 --> 00:43:20,200
Speaker 1: system to a distant solar system anytime quickly. Um, it's

792
00:43:20,280 --> 00:43:25,440
Speaker 1: more of a very efficient means of travel by harnessing photons.

793
00:43:25,640 --> 00:43:27,840
Speaker 1: The photons hit the solar sale and that's what provides

794
00:43:27,880 --> 00:43:31,000
Speaker 1: the propulsion to move the craft forward, which sounds kind

795
00:43:31,000 --> 00:43:33,319
Speaker 1: of incredible you think about that. You know, how much

796
00:43:33,840 --> 00:43:37,440
Speaker 1: kinetic energy can a photon have? Uh, And and it

797
00:43:37,520 --> 00:43:39,840
Speaker 1: may surprise some of you to know that photons have

798
00:43:39,960 --> 00:43:43,240
Speaker 1: kinetic energy, but that's true. I mean the Earth actually

799
00:43:44,160 --> 00:43:47,080
Speaker 1: when the sun is hitting you you weigh a little

800
00:43:47,239 --> 00:43:52,920
Speaker 1: more because the light is actually hitting Yeah. Yeah, that's

801
00:43:52,960 --> 00:43:55,800
Speaker 1: why I never go outside and only getting pushed around

802
00:43:56,120 --> 00:44:00,120
Speaker 1: by the sun or by nobody. And so, uh, then

803
00:44:00,160 --> 00:44:02,880
Speaker 1: I wanted to mention there's a theoretical engine. There's a

804
00:44:02,960 --> 00:44:05,239
Speaker 1: there's a few theoretical engines. Yeah. The one that I

805
00:44:05,320 --> 00:44:11,400
Speaker 1: came across was an electromagnetic gravity drive by Yachoum Howser.

806
00:44:11,840 --> 00:44:14,080
Speaker 1: That's just a guess because I don't know how to

807
00:44:14,360 --> 00:44:17,000
Speaker 1: pronounce that name. I do not either. That sounds great

808
00:44:17,040 --> 00:44:18,880
Speaker 1: to me. Well, he's a physicist and a professor of

809
00:44:18,920 --> 00:44:21,759
Speaker 1: computer science at the University Applied Sciences in a soul

810
00:44:21,880 --> 00:44:27,120
Speaker 1: skitter and uh. And then he worked with Volter Drusher,

811
00:44:27,719 --> 00:44:31,960
Speaker 1: who was an Austrian patent officer, and they came up

812
00:44:32,080 --> 00:44:35,600
Speaker 1: with an idea that would use an electromagnet, essentially a

813
00:44:35,800 --> 00:44:40,160
Speaker 1: rotating ring above a super conducting coil, and then they

814
00:44:40,200 --> 00:44:43,759
Speaker 1: would pump a lot of electricity through the coil, which

815
00:44:43,760 --> 00:44:46,080
Speaker 1: would then create a magnetic field. Because we know about

816
00:44:46,120 --> 00:44:51,360
Speaker 1: the relationship between coils, electricity and the magnets. Magnets, you

817
00:44:51,440 --> 00:44:54,239
Speaker 1: know you can you can either if you run electricity

818
00:44:54,280 --> 00:44:56,600
Speaker 1: through a coil, you'll create a magnetic field. If you

819
00:44:56,719 --> 00:44:59,680
Speaker 1: run a coil through a magnetic field that's alternating or

820
00:44:59,800 --> 00:45:03,720
Speaker 1: that's that's uh, that's changing over time. A dynamic magnetic field,

821
00:45:04,000 --> 00:45:06,239
Speaker 1: you will induce current to flow through the coil. That's

822
00:45:06,320 --> 00:45:10,759
Speaker 1: this relationship between electricity and magnets. Thus the electro magnetism

823
00:45:11,320 --> 00:45:15,000
Speaker 1: that magnetic field will quote reduce the gravitational pull on

824
00:45:15,040 --> 00:45:17,239
Speaker 1: the ring to the point where it floats free end

825
00:45:17,360 --> 00:45:21,319
Speaker 1: quote uh. And that theoretically you could go from Earth

826
00:45:21,400 --> 00:45:25,200
Speaker 1: to Mars in about three hours using this in a

827
00:45:26,040 --> 00:45:28,560
Speaker 1: way that makes no sense to me. I mean, it's

828
00:45:28,960 --> 00:45:32,560
Speaker 1: it's talking about a The math requires that you actually

829
00:45:32,680 --> 00:45:35,800
Speaker 1: have extra dimensions to make it all makes sense. And

830
00:45:36,200 --> 00:45:38,120
Speaker 1: you know, in the in the standard model, we essentially

831
00:45:38,160 --> 00:45:40,960
Speaker 1: think of four dimensions, three in space of one in time.

832
00:45:41,840 --> 00:45:44,160
Speaker 1: But this would require two more dimensions would also end

833
00:45:44,280 --> 00:45:48,360
Speaker 1: up in requiring extra fundamental forces besides the strong and

834
00:45:48,440 --> 00:45:51,239
Speaker 1: weak nuclear force slectro magnetic and gravity that we are

835
00:45:51,280 --> 00:45:54,120
Speaker 1: familiar whe there be two more and uh. And it's

836
00:45:54,160 --> 00:45:56,400
Speaker 1: possible that these things exist, but it's so far it

837
00:45:56,600 --> 00:46:00,640
Speaker 1: exists as far as math goes, and not observation right right,

838
00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:03,560
Speaker 1: even even lower down or even though down and down

839
00:46:03,600 --> 00:46:05,359
Speaker 1: on the scale. There's a few other things that people

840
00:46:05,400 --> 00:46:07,520
Speaker 1: have kind of theorized about when one is called, um,

841
00:46:08,080 --> 00:46:10,440
Speaker 1: this is probably not how you say it all. Qbres

842
00:46:10,480 --> 00:46:12,959
Speaker 1: warp drive is the thing that NASA has talked about

843
00:46:12,960 --> 00:46:15,200
Speaker 1: a little bit, which which kind of kind of is

844
00:46:15,239 --> 00:46:17,160
Speaker 1: similar to the Doppler effect. It says that if you

845
00:46:17,200 --> 00:46:20,920
Speaker 1: can get space time to expand behind you in contract

846
00:46:21,000 --> 00:46:22,680
Speaker 1: in front of you, you can just kind of warp

847
00:46:22,760 --> 00:46:24,480
Speaker 1: straight through it. So, in other words, think of it

848
00:46:24,600 --> 00:46:27,719
Speaker 1: this way. You've gotta like, imagine you have a map

849
00:46:28,000 --> 00:46:31,200
Speaker 1: in front of you, all right, a paper map, and

850
00:46:31,440 --> 00:46:34,759
Speaker 1: you have put a figuring on the leftmost edge of

851
00:46:34,840 --> 00:46:36,600
Speaker 1: the paper map, and your job is to get the

852
00:46:36,680 --> 00:46:39,440
Speaker 1: figuring to the right most edge and the least number

853
00:46:39,600 --> 00:46:43,120
Speaker 1: of die rolls, and there their spaces there that that

854
00:46:43,920 --> 00:46:47,239
Speaker 1: represent how far you can go. So uh, normally there

855
00:46:47,239 --> 00:46:50,920
Speaker 1: would be a hundred spaces between you and the and

856
00:46:51,080 --> 00:46:53,640
Speaker 1: the right side, and you're only able to roll the

857
00:46:53,800 --> 00:46:56,120
Speaker 1: die x number of times, right, But if you can

858
00:46:56,200 --> 00:46:58,680
Speaker 1: just pick up the right if you were able to

859
00:46:58,800 --> 00:47:01,600
Speaker 1: fold the edge of the map app so that it's

860
00:47:01,760 --> 00:47:04,719
Speaker 1: right next to you, and you roll one and you

861
00:47:04,840 --> 00:47:08,360
Speaker 1: move one space and then you unfold the map, you

862
00:47:08,440 --> 00:47:11,600
Speaker 1: have just moved one space, but you've traveled all that distance. Right.

863
00:47:12,040 --> 00:47:14,800
Speaker 1: That's the magic of warp drive. People. We're talking about

864
00:47:14,960 --> 00:47:19,600
Speaker 1: folding all of the galaxy around us to accommodate our

865
00:47:19,680 --> 00:47:23,400
Speaker 1: travel needs. Right, And people say, I'm a demanding traveler.

866
00:47:24,160 --> 00:47:26,600
Speaker 1: But so so that's that's one. You know, it sounds

867
00:47:26,840 --> 00:47:33,040
Speaker 1: super easy on paper. I just explained that. Um, and

868
00:47:33,520 --> 00:47:37,120
Speaker 1: the other being a being creating wormholes. Um, you know,

869
00:47:37,239 --> 00:47:40,239
Speaker 1: you know, a wormhole being kind of a pokey thing through.

870
00:47:40,400 --> 00:47:43,800
Speaker 1: It's shortcut on a paper map. If you if you,

871
00:47:43,920 --> 00:47:46,120
Speaker 1: if you took instead of a little figuring, you had

872
00:47:46,160 --> 00:47:48,400
Speaker 1: a pointy figuring or a pencil or something, and you

873
00:47:48,480 --> 00:47:50,560
Speaker 1: and you stuck that pencil straight through the two points

874
00:47:50,600 --> 00:47:52,880
Speaker 1: in the map that you wanted to travel between, and

875
00:47:53,000 --> 00:47:55,319
Speaker 1: then sort of hit hop kit holes. So there's still

876
00:47:55,360 --> 00:47:57,920
Speaker 1: some travel time, but it's much more reduced. It's this

877
00:47:58,080 --> 00:48:00,520
Speaker 1: is where we get wibbly wobbly timmy wimy right, right.

878
00:48:00,600 --> 00:48:03,080
Speaker 1: But but hypothetically, all we would have to do is

879
00:48:03,400 --> 00:48:07,880
Speaker 1: build two super dense rings a giant super dense rings,

880
00:48:08,040 --> 00:48:11,000
Speaker 1: charge them somehow, and spin them near the speed of light.

881
00:48:11,160 --> 00:48:13,960
Speaker 1: Oh that's easy. Yeah, no problem. So the interesting thing here,

882
00:48:14,040 --> 00:48:16,720
Speaker 1: by the way, is that when we're talking about warping space,

883
00:48:16,760 --> 00:48:20,400
Speaker 1: when we're talking about actually moving or manipulating the space

884
00:48:20,480 --> 00:48:23,400
Speaker 1: time continuum or however you want to fab break of

885
00:48:23,480 --> 00:48:27,000
Speaker 1: space itself, we actually get around the special relativity problem

886
00:48:27,520 --> 00:48:31,520
Speaker 1: because your actual speed doesn't need to be light speed.

887
00:48:31,560 --> 00:48:34,000
Speaker 1: You are just changing the distance. You're not changing you.

888
00:48:34,160 --> 00:48:36,520
Speaker 1: You're not going at this incredible speed. So time is

889
00:48:36,520 --> 00:48:38,799
Speaker 1: still going to travel or stimes. Time is still going

890
00:48:38,840 --> 00:48:41,800
Speaker 1: to pass differently relative to someone on a different ship

891
00:48:42,000 --> 00:48:45,120
Speaker 1: or a different planet, but not at the amazing different

892
00:48:45,480 --> 00:48:48,120
Speaker 1: You wouldn't need an infinite amount of energy to move yourself,

893
00:48:48,160 --> 00:48:50,759
Speaker 1: and you wouldn't have an infinite amount of mass. And

894
00:48:50,840 --> 00:48:53,439
Speaker 1: you also wouldn't find out when you call back home

895
00:48:53,560 --> 00:48:56,680
Speaker 1: that everyone you know is forty years older. Uh, they

896
00:48:56,760 --> 00:49:00,759
Speaker 1: might be, you know, a few micro seconds older than you,

897
00:49:00,920 --> 00:49:03,520
Speaker 1: but it would be so small as to not has

898
00:49:03,560 --> 00:49:06,560
Speaker 1: to be negligible, except for things like communication and stuff

899
00:49:06,560 --> 00:49:08,680
Speaker 1: where you have to have exact timing. Obviously you have

900
00:49:08,719 --> 00:49:12,160
Speaker 1: to have computers to correct those calculations. But when it

901
00:49:12,239 --> 00:49:14,279
Speaker 1: comes to, you know, missing someone's birthday, you don't have

902
00:49:14,360 --> 00:49:17,760
Speaker 1: to worry so much daylight saving time would probably interesting.

903
00:49:18,600 --> 00:49:21,200
Speaker 1: So anyway, Yeah, I mean, there are people who are

904
00:49:21,239 --> 00:49:23,759
Speaker 1: working on these theoretical drives, and it may turn out

905
00:49:23,840 --> 00:49:27,160
Speaker 1: that the theories are just they're they're not truly like

906
00:49:27,320 --> 00:49:30,480
Speaker 1: theories in the sense of h this is really established

907
00:49:30,520 --> 00:49:34,800
Speaker 1: stuff just workingematical theories. More, they're more like hypotheses that

908
00:49:34,880 --> 00:49:38,200
Speaker 1: we have yet to prove um. So it'll be interesting

909
00:49:38,239 --> 00:49:40,800
Speaker 1: to see if we ever do develop anything beyond the

910
00:49:41,160 --> 00:49:45,799
Speaker 1: propulsion systems that we're currently looking into. Uh. I mean,

911
00:49:46,000 --> 00:49:50,160
Speaker 1: it would obviously be very helpful for anything involving colonization

912
00:49:50,320 --> 00:49:53,279
Speaker 1: or exploration, because otherwise it's going to take us a

913
00:49:53,400 --> 00:49:57,719
Speaker 1: really long time. Generations. You you would have to build

914
00:49:57,719 --> 00:50:01,760
Speaker 1: spacecraft capable of supporting multiple generation stions of people aboard

915
00:50:01,840 --> 00:50:04,600
Speaker 1: that with a very limited number of supplies because you know,

916
00:50:04,640 --> 00:50:07,200
Speaker 1: you pretty much you have what you take with you.

917
00:50:08,040 --> 00:50:10,120
Speaker 1: You know, you know, most we don't know of any

918
00:50:10,200 --> 00:50:14,480
Speaker 1: shopping malls out there beyond Earth. You have to have

919
00:50:14,600 --> 00:50:17,480
Speaker 1: to grow out yourself. Ye. So anyway, that that kind

920
00:50:17,520 --> 00:50:21,480
Speaker 1: of wraps up this discussion about star Wars and hyper space.

921
00:50:21,560 --> 00:50:25,000
Speaker 1: The Kessel run, what we're actually looking into as means

922
00:50:25,040 --> 00:50:28,560
Speaker 1: of propulsion in space it's a really interesting topic. I'm

923
00:50:28,600 --> 00:50:31,920
Speaker 1: glad that we we grabbed this one as our first episode.

924
00:50:32,239 --> 00:50:34,879
Speaker 1: And hey, to all my Star Wars fans out there,

925
00:50:34,920 --> 00:50:38,480
Speaker 1: I just have to say, live long and prosper. I

926
00:50:38,560 --> 00:50:42,520
Speaker 1: hope you guys enjoyed this classic episode tech Stuff about hyperspace.

927
00:50:42,719 --> 00:50:45,440
Speaker 1: I think that's a pretty awesome science fiction topic that

928
00:50:45,560 --> 00:50:48,799
Speaker 1: I find particularly fascinating. Don't know if we're ever going

929
00:50:48,840 --> 00:50:53,319
Speaker 1: to see any meaningful manifestation of that idea, or maybe

930
00:50:53,440 --> 00:50:56,520
Speaker 1: we just ultimately you find out that there's no real

931
00:50:56,640 --> 00:51:00,960
Speaker 1: way to achieve that particular flight of fancy. I hope otherwise,

932
00:51:01,040 --> 00:51:03,520
Speaker 1: but we'll see. If you guys have any suggestions for

933
00:51:03,680 --> 00:51:06,880
Speaker 1: future tech Stuff topics, let me know. Contact me on

934
00:51:07,040 --> 00:51:10,120
Speaker 1: Facebook or Twitter. The handle for both is text stuff

935
00:51:10,400 --> 00:51:13,759
Speaker 1: H s W and I'll talk to you again really soon.

936
00:51:18,040 --> 00:51:20,239
Speaker 1: Text Stuff is a production of I Heart Radio's How

937
00:51:20,320 --> 00:51:23,640
Speaker 1: Stuff Works. For more podcasts from my heart Radio, visit

938
00:51:23,719 --> 00:51:26,719
Speaker 1: the i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you

939
00:51:26,880 --> 00:51:28,200
Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.