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Speaker 3: Hey Daniel, you know how in science fiction there are

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Speaker 3: all kinds of fields.

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Speaker 1: You mean, like big expansive lawns.

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Speaker 3: No, I mean like force fields or energy fields.

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Speaker 1: Oh my god, you know none of that is real, right?

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Speaker 3: What wait? The fourth from Star Wars is not real.

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Speaker 1: None of it. Absolutely none of that is real.

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Speaker 3: Wait wait what about like energy fields?

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Speaker 1: Those are a real Right, energy fields are not real.

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Speaker 1: But there's something that's even weird or even cooler that is.

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Speaker 3: Real, way cooler than Star Wars.

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Speaker 1: Cooler than Star Wars. Are quantum fields. And that's a

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Speaker 1: thing that is real and is everywhere in the universe.

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Speaker 3: I don't believe it. I think you just made that up.

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Speaker 1: We physicists did, in fact invent quantum fields. But it

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Speaker 1: turns out because it accurately predicts what happens in the universe.

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Speaker 1: It might just be real.

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Speaker 3: Does that like feel the dreams? Like if you think

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Speaker 3: of it, people will believe it.

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Speaker 1: That's right. Quantum fields of quantum dreams. That's basically what

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Speaker 1: being a physicist is all about, having quantum dreams.

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Speaker 3: And you're the Kevin Costner in the situation. I am

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Speaker 3: Jorge and I'm Daniel, and welcome to our podcast, Daniel

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Speaker 3: and Jorge Explain the Universe.

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Speaker 1: This is Daniel and Jorge.

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Speaker 3: This is the podcast you're looking for.

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Speaker 1: Exactly. Yeah. On this podcast, we try to talk to

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Speaker 1: you about everything in the universe. Things that are big,

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Speaker 1: things that are small, things that are invisible but fill

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Speaker 1: the entire universe, things that are everywhere, things you had

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Speaker 1: no idea existed, but determine everything about your existence. That's right.

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Speaker 3: Today on the podcast, we'll talk about quantum fields. What

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Speaker 3: are they? Where are they? Who are they?

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Speaker 1: What are they good for? Absolutely nothing? Say it again.

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Speaker 3: Is it just a family whose last name is Field, or.

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Speaker 1: It's a bunch of discrete playing fields somewhere. Quantum fields,

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Speaker 1: you can have one field, you can have two fields.

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Speaker 1: You can't have two and a half fields.

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Speaker 3: They're quantized, but once you enter you don't really know

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Speaker 3: where you're going or where you are.

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Speaker 1: No, a quantum field theory is something you hear about.

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Speaker 1: You might have heard. It's part of modern physics. It's

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Speaker 1: a theory that people use to do calculations. It's really awesome, depressive.

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Speaker 1: But what isn't What is a quantum field? What is

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Speaker 1: the theory of quantum fields? What relationship does that have

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Speaker 1: to you or the rest of your life or anything

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Speaker 1: at all.

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Speaker 3: Well, it's more than just a part of modern physics.

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Speaker 3: It's kind of like the foundation of our theory about

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Speaker 3: the universe.

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Speaker 1: Right, that's right. It's kind of like the language of

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Speaker 1: physics currently. You know, it's a quantum field theory is

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Speaker 1: to modern physics the way like English is to Shakespeare.

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Speaker 1: You know, we use the tools of quantum field theory

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Speaker 1: to try to talk about what's going on in the universe,

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Speaker 1: and it's remarkably successful. It's incredibly successful.

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Speaker 3: When you guys, don't use pig Latin.

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Speaker 1: I thought that was the We only do that when

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Speaker 1: you come by Jorge to try to confuse you.

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Speaker 3: But it's like the foundation of modern physics, and it's

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Speaker 3: also super duper accurate. Like you guys are pretty sure

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Speaker 3: is it the right way to describe the universe?

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Speaker 1: Yeah? Well, on one hand, it's super de braccurate, Like

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Speaker 1: we can predict the way particles interact with fields, and

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Speaker 1: we can make predictions out to lots of decimal places,

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Speaker 1: and then we can go and measure how those particles

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Speaker 1: interact with the fields, and it turns out those predictions

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Speaker 1: are correct to like one in millions and millions. So

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Speaker 1: you know you have, on one hand, like a theoretical calculation

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Speaker 1: that you've written down. This is like an idea that

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Speaker 1: predicts an experiment and then you go out and you

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Speaker 1: check it with a super precise experiment and get the

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Speaker 1: same answer, and you know it's so accurate that you

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Speaker 1: think maybe this is the true story of the universe.

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Speaker 1: This is not just like human ideas. This is like

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Speaker 1: revealing the source code kind of thing.

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Speaker 3: So you're pretty close to saying quantum fields are true.

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Speaker 3: They're like the truth of the universe.

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Speaker 1: Yes, except that we also know they can't be the

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Speaker 1: final answer. No, yeah, I know.

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Speaker 3: Well we'll get into it, but I will admit I

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Speaker 3: don't have a clear idea of what a quantum field is.

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Speaker 3: And we were wondering how many of you out there

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Speaker 3: had some ideas about what it would be.

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Speaker 1: So, as usual, I walked around the UC Irvine campus

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Speaker 1: and I asked a bunch of very friendly, very accommodating,

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Speaker 1: very willing to answer random ques questions you see Irvine undergrads,

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Speaker 1: and I ask them what is quantum field theory?

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Speaker 3: Here's what people had to say.

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Speaker 1: I have no idea, but I have heard of it before.

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Speaker 4: All right, it's probably related to quantum mechanics.

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Speaker 5: Okay, I'm not sure exactly what it is, but I

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Speaker 5: think it describes the different vector fields that you use

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Speaker 5: in quantum mechanics.

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Speaker 3: Maybe the way sell atomic particles interact with one another. Cool,

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Speaker 3: similar to quantum mechanics chemistry.

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Speaker 1: I don't know what it is, but I've heard of it.

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Speaker 6: Okay, It's something to do with general relativity. Is it

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Speaker 6: trying to marry that together with quantum theory? Are the

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Speaker 6: waves involved and residents of particles?

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Speaker 1: Something like that? Maybe?

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Speaker 3: All right and pretty good answers. I feel like, though

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Speaker 3: the word quantum just give it away. You know, KPS,

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Speaker 3: what is a quantum Google book? You can just say, oh,

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Speaker 3: I think it's related to quantum particles, right, and you

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Speaker 3: would be sort of.

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Speaker 1: Right, yeah, but that's not really an answer, right, you know,

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Speaker 1: and and we know one of those answers is actually

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Speaker 1: not from a UC Irvine undergraduate. That's from a fellow

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Speaker 1: who wrote in and said that he was disappointed with

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Speaker 1: the quality of the answers that the undergrads were giving.

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Speaker 1: Uh huh. He thought he could do better. So I said,

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Speaker 1: all right, here's the next question for the next podcast.

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Speaker 1: Don't do any research and record your answer.

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Speaker 3: Wow.

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Speaker 1: And he wrote back a very humbled email and he said, Okay,

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Speaker 1: you're right. That's harder than I thought it was, but

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Speaker 1: he was still willing to do it. So I thought

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Speaker 1: that was totally awesome. So he sent us. He sent

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Speaker 1: us his description of quantum field theory.

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Speaker 3: Do you think that we think in society today we

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Speaker 3: think we're smarter than we are because we have Google

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Speaker 3: at our fingertips? You know, I feel like you know

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Speaker 3: everything because we kind of do. If we just give

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Speaker 3: us a second to tap it on our phones.

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Speaker 1: It's easier to access information. But sometimes that makes me

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Speaker 1: feel less smart, because I feel like I have less

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Speaker 1: animation actually in my head, and I'm relying more and

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Speaker 1: more on these facilities that are outside my brain. You

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Speaker 1: know this. Even though the cognitive connection between me and

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Speaker 1: Google keeps increasing, I don't feel like that makes me smarter.

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Speaker 1: It just makes me plus Google smarter.

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Speaker 3: What about the day that you get you connect to

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Speaker 3: your phone through your brain or something, and then you're

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Speaker 3: sort of technically as smart as Google.

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Speaker 1: The day that I become Google. That's the singularity, the

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Speaker 1: Google singularity. Yeah, we all connect our brains, we all

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Speaker 1: become one mega consciousness. The Google already smoking over there today, Jorge,

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Speaker 1: I want some pass that over. It's the googlarity. The googlarity. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I look forward to that.

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Speaker 3: But well, we know they're related to quantum theory, quantum fields.

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Speaker 3: So let's let's let's break it down. First of all,

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Speaker 3: what is a field to a physicist?

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Speaker 1: Right? So, a field is just it's like a fluid

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Speaker 1: that fills all of space. It's like it's something that's

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Speaker 1: everywhere and everywhere in space. You have a number, right,

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Speaker 1: And it comes from things like the electromagnetic field. People

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Speaker 1: were puzzling one hundred years or so ago, like how

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Speaker 1: do two magnets push each other apart without touching? Right?

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Speaker 1: There was this action at a distance. Mystery Like that's

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Speaker 1: sort of spooky like a telekinesis, yeah, right, are they

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Speaker 1: How are they actually pushing each other apart? You know?

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Speaker 1: And this really puzzled physicists for a while, and they

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Speaker 1: came up with this idea of a field, the idea

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Speaker 1: that each magnet has a magnetic field. It's this invisible

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Speaker 1: thing that surrounds it, which will push on any other

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Speaker 1: magnet that enters that magnetic field, right, And the magnetic

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Speaker 1: field is strongest near the source of the magnet, and

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Speaker 1: then it drops off just as you would expect because

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Speaker 1: the magnet super far away won't feel anything.

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Speaker 3: And this came because they notice that how one magnet

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Speaker 3: pulls or pushes on another sort of depends on where

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Speaker 3: you put them relative to each other, right, Like where

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Speaker 3: you put it around the other other one.

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Speaker 1: That's right. And so they came up they said, well, wait,

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Speaker 1: maybe every magnet generates in space this invisible thing. We'll

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Speaker 1: call it a magnetic field, and that's the thing that

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Speaker 1: does the pushing, right. And sort of a mystery that

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Speaker 1: came up immediately was like is the field a real thing?

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Speaker 1: Is it actually there a physical thing that exists in the.

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Speaker 3: Universe, Like does it have substance?

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Speaker 1: And can you play baseball on it? Or is it

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Speaker 1: just a way that we calculate things, you know, just

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Speaker 1: like a tool in our minds to help us understand things.

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Speaker 3: Oh like, is it a thing like you said? It

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Speaker 3: could be like a fluid, or it could just be

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Speaker 3: like a mathematical construct.

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Speaker 1: Exactly exactly, And that's the question is people are still

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Speaker 1: grappling with, right. One philosophical problem was how can things

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Speaker 1: that are not touching push and pull on each other?

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Speaker 1: And they answer that with, oh, okay, we just invent

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Speaker 1: fields all right?

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Speaker 5: Now?

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Speaker 1: The question is our field's a real thing or are

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Speaker 1: they something else? You know, that's the joy of philosophies

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Speaker 1: that every time you answer a question, it just creates

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Speaker 1: another question which is just as deep.

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Speaker 3: But what do you mean by a field is like

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Speaker 3: a number? Because the way I learned about it in engineering,

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Speaker 3: is it a field is basically something that gives you

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Speaker 3: a number depends on where you stand or where you

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Speaker 3: are in space.

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Speaker 1: That's right, Every point in space has a number associated

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Speaker 1: with each field. So for example, the magnetic field from

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Speaker 1: a magnet, there's a strength of that field. There's a

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Speaker 1: field strength at every location. So as you're saying, you

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Speaker 1: can ask what is the field strength here right next

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Speaker 1: to the magnet, and you get a number. What is

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Speaker 1: the field strength way over there, far away from the magnet,

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Speaker 1: and you get a smaller number. So the magnetic field

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Speaker 1: has a number at every point in space. And you

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Speaker 1: can have different kinds of fields. You can fields that

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Speaker 1: just have a number. Those are called scaler fields. It's

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Speaker 1: just a fancy way of saying a number. Or you

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Speaker 1: can have vector fields. You can have a field where

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Speaker 1: at every point you have an arrow that points in

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Speaker 1: a certain direction.

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Speaker 3: Is it like kind of like a are you saying

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Speaker 3: it's a field? Is kind of like a map, like

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Speaker 3: it tells you what is it every position in space?

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Speaker 1: Yeah? Or a map is kind of like a field. Actually, yeah, exactly,

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Speaker 1: So you can think of it like a map. It

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Speaker 1: says how much magnetic field is there here? How much

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Speaker 1: magnetic field is they're there, and you know everywhere in

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Speaker 1: space there is magnetic field and it's either its strong

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Speaker 1: or it's weak. Right, if we're talking about like ordinary

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Speaker 1: classical fields like from one hundred and fifty years ago,

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Speaker 1: then they can be zero, right, No magnets means there's

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Speaker 1: a field there, but the field value is zero.

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Speaker 3: So the question is a field just like a map

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Speaker 3: that we hold in our hands that tells these things?

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Speaker 3: Or are we actually living on a map? Right?

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Speaker 1: Like?

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Speaker 3: Is a field a real thing of substance?

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Speaker 1: Yeah, And the answer to that question is we have

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Speaker 1: no idea. And it's sort of a philosophical question more

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Speaker 1: than a scientific one. Right. If you have a calculational

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Speaker 1: tool a field that lets you predict the outcome of

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Speaker 1: experiments and that works really really well, does it matter

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Speaker 1: if it's really physically true the thing that's happening, or

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Speaker 1: just or just the way that you do these calculations.

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Speaker 1: What's the difference? Right? Okay? You know, if we weren't

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Speaker 1: here with those fields exist, right, Well, that's not really

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Speaker 1: a question you can answer because if we weren't here,

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Speaker 1: there'd be nobody to answer the question or do the experiment.

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Speaker 7: Right.

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Speaker 1: So they're really tricky little philosophical puzzle. And that's a

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Speaker 1: whole area of philosophical exploration that I'm totally not qualified

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Speaker 1: to talk about, but I often do.

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Speaker 3: Anyway, that's a basis of our entire podcast. That's the

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Speaker 3: field of our podcast.

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Speaker 1: No, you know, there's a huge conflict between philosophers of

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Speaker 1: science and physicists who think there's philosophers of science and

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Speaker 1: spout off glibly, sometimes in uninformed way in front of

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Speaker 1: mass audiences and then get taken down by actual philosophers

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Speaker 1: of science. Oh so that's a common mistake to make,

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Speaker 1: which is why I wanted to put that qualifier out

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Speaker 1: there in the world.

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Speaker 3: Is acondemic war kind of between Oh, for sure, philosophers

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Speaker 3: and physicists who venture into philosophy.

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Speaker 1: Yes, exactly wow, exactly right. And there are some physicists

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Speaker 1: who really have learned about philosophy and can speak knowledgeably

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Speaker 1: about it, and then there are others who think they

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Speaker 1: can speak knowledgeably about it but don't actually know anything.

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Speaker 3: Sounds like an exciting fight ironically speaking to me. All right,

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Speaker 3: So that's a field. That's kind of what it is.

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Speaker 3: It's kind of like a map of space that tells

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Speaker 3: you something. And then you can have particles in these fields, right,

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Speaker 3: Like a particle is part of the field or something

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Speaker 3: you can be on a field.

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Speaker 1: Yeah. So one of the most interesting thing about field

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Speaker 1: theories or theories of fields is it tells you that

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Speaker 1: particles are not the most basic thing in the universe,

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Speaker 1: That particles are in fact just vibrations of the field. Like,

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Speaker 1: particles are a real thing. Right, We feel them, we

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Speaker 1: see them, we are them. But this tells us they

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Speaker 1: where they come from, right the rules. It tells us

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Speaker 1: that if you want to understand how particles move, you

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Speaker 1: really have to understand these fields, because the particles are

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Speaker 1: just vibrations in those fields. But vibrations of what of

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Speaker 1: the fields? Right? Like the fields are you know, a

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Speaker 1: thing and they vibrate, which means they have energy, right,

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Speaker 1: and localized excitations of these fields. Right. Imagine for example,

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Speaker 1: a big rubber sheet that fields the universe right, totally flat,

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Speaker 1: but you could poke it and send a wave through it, right,

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Speaker 1: and that wave can travel. It's energy that's traveling by

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Speaker 1: oscillating this field. And that's what particles are. They are

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Speaker 1: oscillations in fields.

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Speaker 3: If I poke a sheet, it'll sort of dissipate, It'll

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Speaker 3: go outwards and dissipate with a particle kind of likes

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Speaker 3: to stay in one place.

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Speaker 1: Well, I don't know what particles like. I don't know.

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Speaker 1: If you've done any interviews with particles, and you can

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Speaker 1: there's lots of ways to vibrate a sheet, right, you

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Speaker 1: can vibrated sheet, so you get a localized packet that's traveling. Right,

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Speaker 1: it's easier to think about, for example, in one dimension,

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Speaker 1: like instead of a sheet, think of a rope. Like

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Speaker 1: if I'm holding a rope and you're holding a rope,

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Speaker 1: I can wiggle it to send you like a little

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Speaker 1: wiggle along the rope, so you can get a message.

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Speaker 3: Right, Well, I see, and you're seeing. A particle is

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Speaker 3: one of these wiggles.

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Speaker 1: A particle is a localized excitation of the quantum field exactly.

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Speaker 1: And the crazy thing is every particle has its own field.

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Speaker 1: So like in the universe, everywhere there's an electron field,

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Speaker 1: and everywhere there's an electron, that's the electron field wiggling, wiggling,

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Speaker 1: And there's also a quark field, right, an upquark field.

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Speaker 1: Everywhere there's an upquark. The upcuark field is wiggling.

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Speaker 3: Like a particle is something that's causing the field to

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Speaker 3: vibrate or it's like it is the vibration of the field.

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Speaker 1: It is the vibration exactly. Yeah, that's what it is.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, And so that's what we're all made out of.

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Speaker 3: Like you and I are made out of protons and

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Speaker 3: quarks and electrons, and so we're all just like massive

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Speaker 3: collections of little vibrations.

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Speaker 1: That's right, it's all actually vibrations. Man, those dudes that's

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Speaker 1: on vibrations where everything they were right exactly. And so

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Speaker 1: for if you like to think of yourself as made

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Speaker 1: of particles, and you wonder like, well, what are the

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Speaker 1: particles made out of? Right? I mean, they might be

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Speaker 1: made out of smaller and smaller particles, but at some

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Speaker 1: point you get down to the smallest particle and what's

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Speaker 1: that particle made out of? And you think, oh, universe stuff. Well,

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Speaker 1: it turns out the universe stuff might be quantum fields. Right.

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Speaker 1: It's the quantum fields that are oscillating that a particle.

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Speaker 3: Okay, so that's a definition of a quantum field. It's

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Speaker 3: the stuff of the universe.

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Speaker 1: We're done. Yeah, So a field is just like a

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Speaker 1: fluid the field space. It doesn't have to become quantum.

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Speaker 1: It could be like electromagnetic or in any kind of field.

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Speaker 1: But a quantum field is a field that describes the

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Speaker 1: motion of a quantum object, like a particle. And so

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Speaker 1: since we're dealing with particles and they move really fast

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Speaker 1: and they have quantum mechanical properties, we deal with quantum fields.

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Speaker 3: M okay, So a quantum field is what describes the

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Speaker 3: things that we're made out of, right, because we're all

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Speaker 3: made out of quantum particles.

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Speaker 1: That's right, And every particle that makes us up is

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Speaker 1: actually just a vibration of one of those fields, you know.

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Speaker 1: And it's a really different way to look at the universe.

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Speaker 1: Like when physicists started and they were thinking about quantum mechanics,

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Speaker 1: they were thinking about, like what happens to a particle?

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Speaker 1: You know, what is this electrons story? It starts off

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Speaker 1: over here and then it goes off over there. And

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Speaker 1: that's the way we're used to doing physics, right, Like

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Speaker 1: you think about a ball. What happens to this ball

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Speaker 1: is it rolls down the hill. It's very natural to

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Speaker 1: sort of follow the story of the ball. So we

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Speaker 1: tried to do that. Let's follow the story. The electron

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Speaker 1: problem is quantum particles don't behave like that, Like they

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Speaker 1: don't have a path, right, It's not like you're here

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Speaker 1: and then you're here, and then you're here. There's all

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Speaker 1: this uncertainty. But more than that, they're being destroyed and

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Speaker 1: created all the time. Like an electron doesn't just fly

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Speaker 1: through space, It flies through space, it turns into a

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Speaker 1: photon and something else. Then it turns back into an electron,

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Speaker 1: and then it creates this other thing which exists for

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Speaker 1: a billisecond and then comes back. This is like frothing

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Speaker 1: mass of stuff that's happening. And the quantum mechanics we

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Speaker 1: first developed couldn't describe that at all because it was

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Speaker 1: very difficult to describe the creation or destruction of particles. Wow,

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Speaker 1: So you sort of like reboot your thinking completely and say,

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Speaker 1: let's ignore the story of one particle and just think

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Speaker 1: about like the particles in general. Right, let's think about

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Speaker 1: all the particles. It's just like vibrations of this sheet

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Speaker 1: that fills the universe. Then we don't have to worry

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Speaker 1: about the story of particle A and the story of

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Speaker 1: particle B.

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Speaker 3: Oh, because you're saying an electron, if you think of

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Speaker 3: it as a thing, and that thing disappears and turns

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Speaker 3: into something else, then you're left wondering what happened to

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Speaker 3: that thing?

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Speaker 1: Yeah, Like Kevin the electron, what is his story? He

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Speaker 1: disappeared and he came back, is it still Kevin? Right?

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Speaker 1: Like in the quantum field theory version, like all the

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Speaker 1: electrons are Kevin, because all the electrons are the same, right,

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Speaker 1: Every electron is identical. Right, there's no difference between this

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Speaker 1: electron and that electron. We're all Kevin, We're all made

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Speaker 1: out of Kevin. Turns out that's the answer to the

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Speaker 1: life of universe and everything. Kevin.

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Speaker 3: There's like twelve Kevin's listening to this, going, I knew it.

400
00:19:34,040 --> 00:19:36,199
Speaker 1: I hope we have more than twelve Kevin's listening to this.

401
00:19:37,320 --> 00:19:39,320
Speaker 3: Well, let's get a little bit deeper into it. But

402
00:19:39,359 --> 00:19:40,879
Speaker 3: first let's take a quick break.

403
00:19:45,400 --> 00:19:48,400
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Speaker 3: Okay, so you're saying that the universe is not empty,

452
00:22:27,359 --> 00:22:31,959
Speaker 3: It's like it's filled with these quantum fields that just

453
00:22:32,080 --> 00:22:34,879
Speaker 3: kind of premeate everything, and they might be imaginary or

454
00:22:34,920 --> 00:22:38,000
Speaker 3: they might be real things, but they premeate the entire universe,

455
00:22:38,119 --> 00:22:42,159
Speaker 3: and we, like particles us matter, are just kind of

456
00:22:42,200 --> 00:22:45,080
Speaker 3: like little vibrations in these fields.

457
00:22:44,920 --> 00:22:47,800
Speaker 1: That's right. And they lay on top of each other, right,

458
00:22:47,920 --> 00:22:51,040
Speaker 1: every point in space can have an electron field and

459
00:22:51,080 --> 00:22:53,600
Speaker 1: an upcork field, and a down corkfield, and a Higgs

460
00:22:53,640 --> 00:22:57,040
Speaker 1: Boson field and electromagnetic field. We have lots of different

461
00:22:57,119 --> 00:22:59,399
Speaker 1: kinds of fields. And you know, it might turn out

462
00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:01,480
Speaker 1: eventually that we figure out how they're all really just

463
00:23:01,520 --> 00:23:03,399
Speaker 1: part of one big field. But right now we have

464
00:23:03,440 --> 00:23:05,680
Speaker 1: lots of different kinds of fields that all sort of

465
00:23:05,760 --> 00:23:07,520
Speaker 1: lay on top of each other. They're all the same

466
00:23:07,560 --> 00:23:09,680
Speaker 1: size or all the size of the universe. Every piece

467
00:23:09,680 --> 00:23:12,520
Speaker 1: of space has all these fields, and some of them

468
00:23:12,520 --> 00:23:14,439
Speaker 1: are zero ish, you know, they're low, and some of

469
00:23:14,440 --> 00:23:16,320
Speaker 1: them have energy in them, which is why you have

470
00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:19,080
Speaker 1: the electron here. So if you have like an electron

471
00:23:19,119 --> 00:23:22,120
Speaker 1: on your left, that means the electron field is excited there,

472
00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:23,879
Speaker 1: and if you have an upcork on your right, it

473
00:23:23,960 --> 00:23:26,280
Speaker 1: means the upquork field is excited there, and the electron

474
00:23:26,280 --> 00:23:27,680
Speaker 1: field is not right.

475
00:23:28,080 --> 00:23:29,760
Speaker 3: And they can sort of talk to each other. Right,

476
00:23:29,920 --> 00:23:32,199
Speaker 3: Like an electron. You could have a little vibration in

477
00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:35,879
Speaker 3: the electron field and then suddenly that disappears and it

478
00:23:35,920 --> 00:23:38,920
Speaker 3: gets transferred to a different field and becomes a different

479
00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:40,000
Speaker 3: particle exactly.

480
00:23:40,160 --> 00:23:42,679
Speaker 1: And those are the forces. So quantum field theory can

481
00:23:42,720 --> 00:23:44,640
Speaker 1: describe matter, that's what we've been talking about. It could

482
00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:48,200
Speaker 1: also describe the forces like the electromagnetic field is a

483
00:23:48,240 --> 00:23:51,439
Speaker 1: way for charge particle fields to interact with each other. Right,

484
00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:54,440
Speaker 1: you have one electron over here, another electron over there.

485
00:23:54,640 --> 00:23:56,280
Speaker 1: How do they talk to each other. Well, it turns

486
00:23:56,320 --> 00:24:00,159
Speaker 1: out the electron field and the photon field interact. So

487
00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:02,879
Speaker 1: one electron can talk to another electron by shooting a

488
00:24:02,960 --> 00:24:05,600
Speaker 1: ripple through the photon field, which is like sending a

489
00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:10,320
Speaker 1: photon between one electron and the other through another field. Yes, exactly,

490
00:24:10,320 --> 00:24:12,960
Speaker 1: the fields couple to each other, they interact, otherwise would

491
00:24:12,960 --> 00:24:14,080
Speaker 1: be pretty boring universe.

492
00:24:14,440 --> 00:24:17,720
Speaker 3: And in these fields fill the entire universe. So are

493
00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:21,920
Speaker 3: they related to space, like if space grows, these fields

494
00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:22,680
Speaker 3: grow as well.

495
00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:24,879
Speaker 1: Yes, exactly. It's a basic part of space.

496
00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:25,200
Speaker 2: Right.

497
00:24:25,240 --> 00:24:27,640
Speaker 1: You can't have space without these fields. As far as

498
00:24:27,680 --> 00:24:30,480
Speaker 1: we know, there's no fieldless part of space, and every

499
00:24:30,480 --> 00:24:32,280
Speaker 1: part of space has these fields.

500
00:24:32,320 --> 00:24:35,359
Speaker 3: It's like there's a hum at every point in the unverse.

501
00:24:35,359 --> 00:24:37,639
Speaker 3: There's no quiet place in the universe exactly.

502
00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:39,159
Speaker 1: And you might be thinking, well, what if you have

503
00:24:39,240 --> 00:24:42,240
Speaker 1: empty space, maybe all the fields are just zero. Right, Well,

504
00:24:42,240 --> 00:24:45,040
Speaker 1: that's the fascinating thing about quantum fields, right because of

505
00:24:45,160 --> 00:24:48,840
Speaker 1: uncertainty principle, because there's a maximum amount of information you

506
00:24:48,840 --> 00:24:51,480
Speaker 1: can have. You can't have quantum field to be exactly

507
00:24:51,560 --> 00:24:54,520
Speaker 1: at zero. There's a minimum amount of energy they have

508
00:24:54,600 --> 00:24:57,320
Speaker 1: to have, so they can bubble and slash in a

509
00:24:57,359 --> 00:24:58,639
Speaker 1: way that gives you that uncertainty.

510
00:24:58,680 --> 00:25:01,920
Speaker 3: Wait. Wait, wait, there's there's kind of like an inherent

511
00:25:02,240 --> 00:25:04,320
Speaker 3: energy in these quantum fields.

512
00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:08,320
Speaker 1: That's right, Like they're positive. I guess they're not zero exactly.

513
00:25:08,359 --> 00:25:11,720
Speaker 1: You can't have quantum fields exactly at zero, and so

514
00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:15,040
Speaker 1: there's always some energy there and this is the energy

515
00:25:15,040 --> 00:25:18,199
Speaker 1: of empty space, right, And that energy means you have

516
00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:21,520
Speaker 1: energy in anything like create an electronic apositron, which then

517
00:25:22,040 --> 00:25:25,360
Speaker 1: annihilate themselves back into a photon or back into something else.

518
00:25:25,720 --> 00:25:27,880
Speaker 1: So this energy is always bubbling and frothing.

519
00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:30,400
Speaker 3: And I feel like this kind of makes it kind

520
00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:34,600
Speaker 3: of makes anything possible right, Like when you were is.

521
00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:37,119
Speaker 1: There something specific you want to accomplished with the quant field?

522
00:25:37,480 --> 00:25:39,240
Speaker 1: You wanted it to do your dishes, to get away.

523
00:25:39,040 --> 00:25:41,200
Speaker 3: With something I wanted to get away with, or imagine

524
00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:41,719
Speaker 3: that I could do.

525
00:25:42,160 --> 00:25:43,160
Speaker 1: That's right.

526
00:25:43,560 --> 00:25:46,520
Speaker 3: No, what I mean is in the sense that before,

527
00:25:46,800 --> 00:25:48,760
Speaker 3: if you are keeping track of all particles, like if

528
00:25:48,760 --> 00:25:51,320
Speaker 3: I was made out of the Kevin particles, then there's

529
00:25:51,400 --> 00:25:53,720
Speaker 3: sort of no way for me to suddenly disappear and

530
00:25:53,720 --> 00:25:58,160
Speaker 3: appear over there. But now, because everything is a quantum field,

531
00:25:58,280 --> 00:26:01,200
Speaker 3: I could use magically for some reason, right.

532
00:26:01,359 --> 00:26:04,479
Speaker 1: Or It's not like because we have quantum fields, there

533
00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:07,440
Speaker 1: are no rules, right. There are specific rules for how

534
00:26:07,520 --> 00:26:10,880
Speaker 1: quantum fields interact with each other and and how things

535
00:26:10,920 --> 00:26:12,280
Speaker 1: propagate through quantum fields.

536
00:26:12,359 --> 00:26:12,639
Speaker 3: Right.

537
00:26:12,720 --> 00:26:15,040
Speaker 1: And you know, so we still have laws of physics.

538
00:26:15,080 --> 00:26:16,879
Speaker 1: It's not like we're tossing the laws out the window

539
00:26:16,880 --> 00:26:18,560
Speaker 1: and you do whatever you like. That parents are out

540
00:26:18,600 --> 00:26:22,160
Speaker 1: of town, right, There's it's just another way of looking

541
00:26:22,160 --> 00:26:22,719
Speaker 1: at the universe.

542
00:26:22,760 --> 00:26:24,800
Speaker 3: Okay, all right, I guess what I mean is you

543
00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:27,320
Speaker 3: know stuff can appear out of nowhere with these quantum fields.

544
00:26:27,440 --> 00:26:29,600
Speaker 1: Yes, yeah, Okay, it's certainly true that a lot of

545
00:26:29,640 --> 00:26:32,479
Speaker 1: your intuition is wrong, and the quantum fields tell us

546
00:26:32,480 --> 00:26:34,639
Speaker 1: that crazy things could happen. And then we do the

547
00:26:34,720 --> 00:26:38,359
Speaker 1: experiments and it's right, right, um quantum field theory seems

548
00:26:38,359 --> 00:26:39,120
Speaker 1: to be correct.

549
00:26:43,400 --> 00:26:45,520
Speaker 3: It's a pretty interesting view of the universe. You know,

550
00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:47,879
Speaker 3: we think of it as big and empty, but really

551
00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:50,080
Speaker 3: there's sort of like a like a little froth in

552
00:26:50,119 --> 00:26:52,200
Speaker 3: the background, right, a little like simmering bubbling.

553
00:26:52,400 --> 00:26:56,000
Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly, there's no place that's actually empty. There's energy everywhere,

554
00:26:56,040 --> 00:26:59,800
Speaker 1: and it's it's filled with possibilities literally, wow, And it's

555
00:27:00,040 --> 00:27:02,240
Speaker 1: it's a fascinating way to look at the universe. And

556
00:27:02,280 --> 00:27:03,919
Speaker 1: it's led to a lot of insights. I mean, just

557
00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:08,120
Speaker 1: like this mathematical way of thinking about things has revealed

558
00:27:08,119 --> 00:27:11,600
Speaker 1: things about the universe we didn't know. For example, like

559
00:27:11,640 --> 00:27:14,480
Speaker 1: what like the Higgs boson. The Higgs boson was just

560
00:27:14,520 --> 00:27:18,000
Speaker 1: an idea. Right fifty years ago, Peter Higgs and several

561
00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:21,120
Speaker 1: others said, huh, what if there was another field? We'll

562
00:27:21,160 --> 00:27:24,840
Speaker 1: call it the Higgs field Quinn conveniently, and you know,

563
00:27:24,880 --> 00:27:26,520
Speaker 1: where did you get this idea? Where did this idea

564
00:27:26,560 --> 00:27:29,960
Speaker 1: come from? Right? Who wouldn't want to postulate a field

565
00:27:29,960 --> 00:27:32,280
Speaker 1: that feels the universe and it's named after themselves, right.

566
00:27:32,520 --> 00:27:34,520
Speaker 3: Do you think he named it after himself or people

567
00:27:34,600 --> 00:27:35,480
Speaker 3: named it after him.

568
00:27:35,680 --> 00:27:38,600
Speaker 1: Oh, there's a whole controversy there about who named the

569
00:27:38,680 --> 00:27:41,879
Speaker 1: Higgs fields, and it comes down to who submitted a

570
00:27:41,880 --> 00:27:46,359
Speaker 1: paper first, and whether a paper is dated based on

571
00:27:46,400 --> 00:27:49,600
Speaker 1: the submission date or the acceptance stage. No.

572
00:27:49,640 --> 00:27:51,840
Speaker 3: I mean, like, did Higgs write in his paper, I'm

573
00:27:51,840 --> 00:27:53,919
Speaker 3: going to call this the Higgs field or did you

574
00:27:53,960 --> 00:27:57,040
Speaker 3: say it's the age or b and then somebody said, oh,

575
00:27:57,119 --> 00:27:58,880
Speaker 3: that's the field Higgs was talking about.

576
00:27:59,119 --> 00:28:01,760
Speaker 1: Yeah, somebody laid referred to it as the Higgs field

577
00:28:01,800 --> 00:28:05,399
Speaker 1: because Higgs paper has the earliest date on it. But

578
00:28:05,520 --> 00:28:08,880
Speaker 1: he'd actually submitted his paper after some other folks. Their

579
00:28:08,920 --> 00:28:11,520
Speaker 1: paper had a later date on it because the paper

580
00:28:11,560 --> 00:28:13,960
Speaker 1: had the acceptance date on it, not the submission date.

581
00:28:14,320 --> 00:28:17,480
Speaker 1: So somebody later gave Higgs credit, maybe inappropriately.

582
00:28:17,680 --> 00:28:20,919
Speaker 3: Okay, so you're saying that these fields are not just

583
00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:23,200
Speaker 3: kind of neat to think about, but they've actually led

584
00:28:23,240 --> 00:28:26,640
Speaker 3: to real discoveries and real understanding of the universe.

585
00:28:26,880 --> 00:28:29,400
Speaker 1: Yeah, it was a guy named Steve Weinberg who read

586
00:28:29,480 --> 00:28:31,760
Speaker 1: Higgs paper. He was looking at these fields and he

587
00:28:31,840 --> 00:28:34,800
Speaker 1: was thinking there's a mystery here, there's a pattern here

588
00:28:34,800 --> 00:28:37,600
Speaker 1: that doesn't quite work, and that comes from trying to

589
00:28:37,640 --> 00:28:40,360
Speaker 1: unify the fields. We've talked on other podcasts about how

590
00:28:40,760 --> 00:28:45,160
Speaker 1: the electromagnetic field and the weak nuclear field, right, those

591
00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:48,560
Speaker 1: two forces are actually parts of the same thing, and

592
00:28:48,640 --> 00:28:51,600
Speaker 1: they're very similar. But the difference is that the photon,

593
00:28:51,640 --> 00:28:54,719
Speaker 1: the thing that moves the electromagnetic field, has no mass, right,

594
00:28:55,080 --> 00:28:58,760
Speaker 1: it's massless. And the thing that moves the weak nuclear

595
00:28:58,800 --> 00:29:01,600
Speaker 1: force are the W and z bosons. They're really heavy.

596
00:29:02,200 --> 00:29:04,560
Speaker 1: So Weinberg was like, if these are two parts of

597
00:29:04,560 --> 00:29:07,120
Speaker 1: the same thing, how come one has no mass and

598
00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:09,120
Speaker 1: the other one has a huge amount of mass? Right?

599
00:29:09,240 --> 00:29:13,040
Speaker 1: What could do that mathematically? Like theoretically, how could you

600
00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:17,160
Speaker 1: make that happen? Wow? And what he found was the

601
00:29:17,200 --> 00:29:20,239
Speaker 1: simplest way to do that, the easiest, the clearest, like

602
00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:23,440
Speaker 1: the without adding the minimal number of moving pieces, was

603
00:29:23,480 --> 00:29:25,800
Speaker 1: to add one more field. And so he read that

604
00:29:25,880 --> 00:29:29,640
Speaker 1: paper by Higgs and he thought, Aha, that is just

605
00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:32,480
Speaker 1: the field we need. So he said, if you add

606
00:29:32,520 --> 00:29:35,600
Speaker 1: this field, and it explains this mystery why photons have

607
00:29:35,640 --> 00:29:37,320
Speaker 1: no mass and why the W and z have a

608
00:29:37,360 --> 00:29:40,160
Speaker 1: lot of mass. But it it, you know, creates another

609
00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:42,479
Speaker 1: field that feels the universe. So let's go see if

610
00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:43,479
Speaker 1: that's real. Wow.

611
00:29:43,720 --> 00:29:46,320
Speaker 3: And but what's interesting is that there are other people

612
00:29:47,040 --> 00:29:50,040
Speaker 3: positing other fields, right, Like, he wasn't the only one.

613
00:29:50,120 --> 00:29:52,400
Speaker 1: He wasn't the only one. Other people had similar ideas,

614
00:29:52,480 --> 00:29:54,960
Speaker 1: and then there are other totally competing ideas, you know,

615
00:29:55,040 --> 00:29:58,200
Speaker 1: for ways to solve that mystery with other different fields. Yeah, exactly.

616
00:29:58,320 --> 00:30:00,360
Speaker 3: So like I could say, hey, there's a horror field

617
00:30:00,720 --> 00:30:03,640
Speaker 3: that permeates everything. Yeah, you could, and I would be

618
00:30:03,680 --> 00:30:04,440
Speaker 3: a physicist.

619
00:30:06,320 --> 00:30:09,040
Speaker 1: Boom, you're a physicist right here today on the podcast

620
00:30:09,120 --> 00:30:12,040
Speaker 1: I deputies you. Yeah, all right. So if you wanted

621
00:30:12,040 --> 00:30:14,480
Speaker 1: to propose a field, it would have to solve a problem, right,

622
00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:17,360
Speaker 1: like why this field and not some other fields? And

623
00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:19,360
Speaker 1: you'd have to provide a way for us to check,

624
00:30:19,560 --> 00:30:22,920
Speaker 1: like what in what experiment could we see the Jorgey

625
00:30:22,960 --> 00:30:27,040
Speaker 1: particle right, which is an excitation of the Jorgey field, right,

626
00:30:27,360 --> 00:30:30,000
Speaker 1: and the same as the Higgs boson is an excited

627
00:30:30,040 --> 00:30:33,000
Speaker 1: state of the Higgs field. Right. You'd have to provide

628
00:30:33,000 --> 00:30:34,719
Speaker 1: some way for us to do that. And Peter Higgs did,

629
00:30:34,720 --> 00:30:37,120
Speaker 1: He's like, oh, well, if you smash protons together this

630
00:30:37,240 --> 00:30:39,320
Speaker 1: energy you should see a certain number of Higgs particles.

631
00:30:39,440 --> 00:30:42,600
Speaker 3: Wow, all right, so I'll table that for my next

632
00:30:42,640 --> 00:30:45,240
Speaker 3: career after that, podcast.

633
00:30:44,800 --> 00:30:48,880
Speaker 1: Host in a world where cartoonists try to be a physicists.

634
00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:53,120
Speaker 3: Before we keep going, let's take a short break.

635
00:30:57,720 --> 00:30:59,480
Speaker 1: When you pop a piece of cheese into your mouth

636
00:30:59,600 --> 00:31:02,760
Speaker 1: or enjoy a rich spoonful of Greek yogurt, you're probably

637
00:31:02,800 --> 00:31:06,840
Speaker 1: not thinking about the environmental impact of each and every bite,

638
00:31:06,880 --> 00:31:09,520
Speaker 1: But the people in the dairy industry are. US Dairy

639
00:31:09,560 --> 00:31:13,840
Speaker 1: has set themselves some ambitious sustainability goals, including being greenhouse

640
00:31:13,880 --> 00:31:16,440
Speaker 1: gas neutral by twenty to fifty. That's why they're working

641
00:31:16,480 --> 00:31:18,800
Speaker 1: hard every day to find new ways to reduce waste,

642
00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:23,120
Speaker 1: conserve natural resources, and drive down greenhouse gas emissions. Take water,

643
00:31:23,160 --> 00:31:26,760
Speaker 1: for example, most dairy farms reuse water up to four times.

644
00:31:26,800 --> 00:31:30,160
Speaker 1: The same water cools the milk, cleans equipment, washes the barn,

645
00:31:30,280 --> 00:31:34,000
Speaker 1: and irrigates the crops. How is US dairy tackling greenhouse gases?

646
00:31:34,040 --> 00:31:37,040
Speaker 1: Many farms use anaerobic digestors that turn the methane from

647
00:31:37,000 --> 00:31:40,440
Speaker 1: maneuver into renewable energy that can power farms, towns, and

648
00:31:40,480 --> 00:31:42,720
Speaker 1: electric cars. So the next time you grab a slice

649
00:31:42,720 --> 00:31:44,600
Speaker 1: of pizza or lick an ice cream cone. Know that

650
00:31:44,680 --> 00:31:47,320
Speaker 1: dairy farmers and processors around the country are using the

651
00:31:47,440 --> 00:31:51,160
Speaker 1: latest practices and innovations to provide the nutrient dense dairy

652
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Speaker 1: products we love with less of an impact. Visit usdairy

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Speaker 3: Okay, so yeah, it's like really the basic theory of everything,

674
00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:16,479
Speaker 3: you know, matter, light, forces, energy, any kind of everything

675
00:33:16,480 --> 00:33:19,880
Speaker 3: out there, we describe it using quantum.

676
00:33:19,480 --> 00:33:21,040
Speaker 1: Fields almost everything.

677
00:33:21,560 --> 00:33:21,720
Speaker 7: Yeah.

678
00:33:21,760 --> 00:33:23,920
Speaker 3: Is there something we don't describe with quantum fields.

679
00:33:24,000 --> 00:33:26,880
Speaker 1: Yeah, and it's always the same thing. It's the black

680
00:33:26,920 --> 00:33:30,200
Speaker 1: sheep of physics. It's gravity, it's the black hole. Quantum

681
00:33:30,200 --> 00:33:34,800
Speaker 1: field theory describes matter, it describes electromagnetism, it describes the

682
00:33:34,840 --> 00:33:38,160
Speaker 1: weak nuclear force, it describes the strong nuclear force. It

683
00:33:38,280 --> 00:33:42,240
Speaker 1: even can incorporate special relativity, meaning we understand what happens

684
00:33:42,280 --> 00:33:44,720
Speaker 1: when electrons go super duper fast close to the speed

685
00:33:44,720 --> 00:33:49,520
Speaker 1: of light. Right, But quantum field theory is easiest when

686
00:33:49,560 --> 00:33:52,080
Speaker 1: space is flat. I mean, we can do quantum field

687
00:33:52,080 --> 00:33:55,320
Speaker 1: theory and curved spaces, but it gets really nasty, and

688
00:33:55,400 --> 00:33:59,200
Speaker 1: space getting curved is exactly what general relativity says will.

689
00:33:59,040 --> 00:34:04,800
Speaker 3: Happen with quantum field you're saying, don't work in space

690
00:34:04,840 --> 00:34:08,080
Speaker 3: that is not flat. Like it only works in flat space.

691
00:34:08,400 --> 00:34:11,279
Speaker 1: Not exactly. We can do it, but it's not easy.

692
00:34:11,320 --> 00:34:14,400
Speaker 1: It's not a lot of fun. Why not? Why not?

693
00:34:16,280 --> 00:34:18,799
Speaker 1: It's a no, it's a great question. It's a great question.

694
00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:21,200
Speaker 1: So the issue is more about figuring out how to

695
00:34:21,239 --> 00:34:24,640
Speaker 1: get quantum field theory, to explain that curvature, to generate

696
00:34:24,719 --> 00:34:27,759
Speaker 1: that curvature, to get a quantum field theory description of

697
00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:29,200
Speaker 1: how space gets.

698
00:34:28,960 --> 00:34:32,879
Speaker 3: Curved, like a space curves or contracts. What does that

699
00:34:32,960 --> 00:34:36,080
Speaker 3: do to a quantum field? Doesn't it just squishes it

700
00:34:36,400 --> 00:34:37,000
Speaker 3: or bends it?

701
00:34:37,120 --> 00:34:39,200
Speaker 1: Oh? Yeah, you're right, it just squishes it. Yeah. Thanks,

702
00:34:39,320 --> 00:34:41,839
Speaker 1: We just solved that problem. All right. Check that off

703
00:34:41,840 --> 00:34:44,680
Speaker 1: the list of modern physics mysteries, Noble Price, please. Yeah,

704
00:34:44,719 --> 00:34:46,880
Speaker 1: the squish function. Yeah, we'll just add the squish function.

705
00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:49,959
Speaker 1: I think. Also the larger problem is that we don't

706
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:54,000
Speaker 1: know how to describe gravity in terms of a quantum field. Right,

707
00:34:54,320 --> 00:34:57,680
Speaker 1: Electromagnetism and all these other forces we can describe as

708
00:34:57,719 --> 00:35:00,600
Speaker 1: oscillations in a field, right, and that field associated with

709
00:35:00,640 --> 00:35:04,120
Speaker 1: its own particle. The photon is the particles it's associated

710
00:35:04,160 --> 00:35:08,000
Speaker 1: with the field. For electromagnetism, the gluon is the particle

711
00:35:08,040 --> 00:35:10,959
Speaker 1: associated with the field for the strong nuclear force. We've

712
00:35:10,960 --> 00:35:13,680
Speaker 1: never been able to describe gravity in terms of a

713
00:35:13,760 --> 00:35:17,920
Speaker 1: quantum field, like a gravitational field filled space and has

714
00:35:17,920 --> 00:35:21,640
Speaker 1: a particle associated with it, the graviton. We try to

715
00:35:21,680 --> 00:35:23,919
Speaker 1: do that, We try to do those theories and write

716
00:35:23,960 --> 00:35:26,320
Speaker 1: them down, but you get crazy answers, you get infinities

717
00:35:26,320 --> 00:35:28,600
Speaker 1: where you should get reasonable numbers, and just doesn't work.

718
00:35:29,000 --> 00:35:32,440
Speaker 3: So even if you came up with the gravity, quantum

719
00:35:32,440 --> 00:35:36,319
Speaker 3: field and the graviton, it's still using by itself. It's

720
00:35:36,360 --> 00:35:38,960
Speaker 3: not consistent even in flat space.

721
00:35:39,239 --> 00:35:41,520
Speaker 1: That's right. We can't make those theories work. I mean

722
00:35:41,560 --> 00:35:43,440
Speaker 1: people have tried, and people are trying, and they're writing

723
00:35:43,440 --> 00:35:47,560
Speaker 1: down theories of quantum gravity. But those theories don't make

724
00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:50,440
Speaker 1: testable predictions that make sense. You know, they predict infinities.

725
00:35:50,480 --> 00:35:52,880
Speaker 1: You know, what is the force between these two particles? Infinity?

726
00:35:53,160 --> 00:35:56,600
Speaker 1: How much mass does this thing have? Infinite So it

727
00:35:57,120 --> 00:35:59,640
Speaker 1: makes predictions which are nonsense and we haven't been able

728
00:35:59,680 --> 00:36:00,920
Speaker 1: to fix them mathematically.

729
00:36:01,000 --> 00:36:04,080
Speaker 3: What if it does have infinite mass, No wonder I.

730
00:36:04,080 --> 00:36:16,200
Speaker 1: Feel so sluggish today. I have infinite mass.

731
00:36:12,520 --> 00:36:16,439
Speaker 3: All right. So quantum fields they permeate everything, They describe

732
00:36:16,560 --> 00:36:18,960
Speaker 3: everything that we know about almost accept gravity.

733
00:36:19,280 --> 00:36:20,480
Speaker 1: Yeah, accept gravity, and.

734
00:36:21,440 --> 00:36:25,000
Speaker 3: They're amazingly accurate, like you were telling me earlier, they

735
00:36:25,120 --> 00:36:28,880
Speaker 3: can predict things up to like ten decimal places.

736
00:36:29,120 --> 00:36:33,120
Speaker 1: Yes, exactly, it's super accurate. Like if you exclude gravity,

737
00:36:33,360 --> 00:36:35,600
Speaker 1: we can do these experiments and we can check them

738
00:36:35,640 --> 00:36:37,960
Speaker 1: and we get bang on the right answer to as

739
00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:40,120
Speaker 1: far as we can measure. You know, it's a kind

740
00:36:40,120 --> 00:36:41,880
Speaker 1: of thing that makes me wonder if we really have

741
00:36:42,360 --> 00:36:44,600
Speaker 1: pulled back the curtain of nature and seeing the way

742
00:36:44,640 --> 00:36:46,160
Speaker 1: the world really works, you.

743
00:36:46,120 --> 00:36:48,880
Speaker 3: Know, yeah, yeah, that sort of makes me all wonder.

744
00:36:49,239 --> 00:36:51,920
Speaker 3: You know, if this is the way the universe works,

745
00:36:52,040 --> 00:36:53,240
Speaker 3: what makes these fields?

746
00:36:53,280 --> 00:36:53,400
Speaker 1: Like?

747
00:36:53,480 --> 00:36:55,919
Speaker 3: What's their origin? Where do they come from?

748
00:36:56,040 --> 00:36:57,279
Speaker 1: You just never satisfied, are you?

749
00:36:57,440 --> 00:36:57,560
Speaker 3: Or he?

750
00:36:57,960 --> 00:37:00,919
Speaker 1: We explain matter in terms of particles, particles in terms

751
00:37:00,920 --> 00:37:03,239
Speaker 1: of fields, but you're like, I want more? What makes

752
00:37:03,320 --> 00:37:06,400
Speaker 1: up the fields? Yeah?

753
00:37:06,440 --> 00:37:08,239
Speaker 3: How far? How far does the rabbit hole go?

754
00:37:08,800 --> 00:37:10,840
Speaker 1: Yeah? I mean we've explained the way matter works in

755
00:37:10,880 --> 00:37:13,240
Speaker 1: terms of particles, and particles work in terms of fields,

756
00:37:13,280 --> 00:37:15,759
Speaker 1: and so then of course the next natural question is,

757
00:37:15,920 --> 00:37:18,840
Speaker 1: you know what makes the fields? Are the fields actually

758
00:37:19,000 --> 00:37:23,439
Speaker 1: just something else? Right? Uh? The wiggling of strings or

759
00:37:23,920 --> 00:37:26,640
Speaker 1: you know, the dancing of tiny puppies or something. We

760
00:37:26,680 --> 00:37:28,600
Speaker 1: don't know, and we don't know if we get that answer,

761
00:37:28,640 --> 00:37:31,080
Speaker 1: if there's not another question behind it, right, that goes

762
00:37:31,120 --> 00:37:33,359
Speaker 1: even deeper. Is there an end of this rabbit hole?

763
00:37:33,480 --> 00:37:35,200
Speaker 1: We have no idea, and frankly I hope not.

764
00:37:35,360 --> 00:37:38,720
Speaker 3: I think the answer is clear. It's made it Chlorian's obviously.

765
00:37:40,719 --> 00:37:46,400
Speaker 1: The fields. Absolutely. Yeah, that was definitely a documentary. So

766
00:37:46,680 --> 00:37:48,840
Speaker 1: you know, the next time you are out walking around

767
00:37:48,920 --> 00:37:50,319
Speaker 1: in the world and you look up at the sky

768
00:37:50,400 --> 00:37:52,760
Speaker 1: and you are amazed at how beautiful things are, remember

769
00:37:52,800 --> 00:37:55,960
Speaker 1: that deep down underneath it's a hot, nasty, frothing mess

770
00:37:56,000 --> 00:37:59,799
Speaker 1: of quantum fields oscillating and interacting and bouncing against each

771
00:37:59,800 --> 00:38:03,600
Speaker 1: other and doing crazy calculations just to make your everyday

772
00:38:03,640 --> 00:38:04,680
Speaker 1: world work for you.

773
00:38:04,840 --> 00:38:05,040
Speaker 4: Yeah.

774
00:38:05,120 --> 00:38:07,040
Speaker 3: I like to think of it more as happy fields,

775
00:38:07,200 --> 00:38:10,560
Speaker 3: maybe not so like nasty What if they're happy fields?

776
00:38:10,680 --> 00:38:13,400
Speaker 1: Happy? What's happy about these fields? They're like zinging and

777
00:38:13,520 --> 00:38:16,760
Speaker 1: zinging and interacting with each other, and they're like never resting,

778
00:38:16,800 --> 00:38:21,400
Speaker 1: you know, they're they're not like slow lingorious, lazy fields.

779
00:38:21,520 --> 00:38:23,200
Speaker 1: You know, these are hyper fields.

780
00:38:23,480 --> 00:38:25,560
Speaker 3: But it's interesting. I think it sort of makes me

781
00:38:25,680 --> 00:38:29,000
Speaker 3: think that maybe in a way we are all connected.

782
00:38:29,120 --> 00:38:33,759
Speaker 3: You know, if we're all just vibrations in these mysterious

783
00:38:34,239 --> 00:38:38,360
Speaker 3: quantum fields of stuff, we're all sort of part of

784
00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:40,799
Speaker 3: all We're all connected, you know, we're all part of

785
00:38:40,800 --> 00:38:43,200
Speaker 3: the same stuff that the universe is made out of.

786
00:38:43,440 --> 00:38:45,920
Speaker 1: That's right, Me, you and Kevin. Who are all really

787
00:38:45,920 --> 00:38:46,239
Speaker 1: the same?

788
00:38:46,400 --> 00:38:46,520
Speaker 4: Wait?

789
00:38:46,560 --> 00:38:47,080
Speaker 3: Which Kevin?

790
00:38:47,440 --> 00:38:49,880
Speaker 1: All the Kevins, all of them, all the Kevins, we

791
00:38:49,960 --> 00:38:51,000
Speaker 1: are all the Kevins.

792
00:38:51,040 --> 00:38:55,680
Speaker 3: Basically, that's my new religion, the Church of Kevin, the.

793
00:38:55,719 --> 00:38:58,680
Speaker 1: Church of the Flying Kevin Monster. No, we are all

794
00:38:58,800 --> 00:39:02,560
Speaker 1: oscillations in the same universe, spanning fields. That is true.

795
00:39:02,719 --> 00:39:05,840
Speaker 3: All right. Well, I hope you enjoyed that quantum field discussion.

796
00:39:06,160 --> 00:39:08,680
Speaker 1: Thanks for tuning in. And if you have some crazy

797
00:39:08,719 --> 00:39:11,040
Speaker 1: concept in physics you'd like us to break down, send

798
00:39:11,040 --> 00:39:15,160
Speaker 1: it to us at Feedback at Danielandjorge dot com.

799
00:39:15,280 --> 00:39:18,040
Speaker 3: Or if your name is Kevin, we have reserved an

800
00:39:18,120 --> 00:39:20,760
Speaker 3: email address for you, which is Kevin at Daniel Adjorge

801
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Speaker 3: dot com.

802
00:39:22,719 --> 00:39:25,800
Speaker 1: That's right, And if you have secrets to the universe, Kevin,

803
00:39:25,840 --> 00:39:29,000
Speaker 1: please send them to us at that address. See you

804
00:39:29,040 --> 00:39:39,600
Speaker 1: next time. Thanks for listening. If you still have a

805
00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:43,160
Speaker 1: question after listening to all these explanations. Please drop us

806
00:39:43,160 --> 00:39:45,239
Speaker 1: a line. We'd love to hear from you. You can

807
00:39:45,280 --> 00:39:48,719
Speaker 1: find us at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at Daniel and

808
00:39:48,800 --> 00:39:52,319
Speaker 1: Jorge that's one word, or email us at Feedback at

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