1
00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:03,760
Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in history class from how

2
00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:14,800
Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

3
00:00:14,920 --> 00:00:18,640
Speaker 1: I'm Katie Lambert and I'm Sara Day. In our last podcast,

4
00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:22,200
Speaker 1: we talked about Kama the Great and the formation of

5
00:00:22,239 --> 00:00:26,279
Speaker 1: the monarchy, and we may have mangled a few Hawaiian pronunciation,

6
00:00:26,440 --> 00:00:31,320
Speaker 1: certainly pronounced our vowels thoroughly. But how did it all end?

7
00:00:31,520 --> 00:00:34,279
Speaker 1: And why is a far flung island grouping in the

8
00:00:34,320 --> 00:00:38,000
Speaker 1: middle of the Pacific Estate. That's what we're going to

9
00:00:38,040 --> 00:00:41,120
Speaker 1: talk about today. And we're going to go back to

10
00:00:41,159 --> 00:00:43,600
Speaker 1: a point we mentioned in the earlier podcast and actually

11
00:00:43,600 --> 00:00:47,000
Speaker 1: a point we mentioned in a podcast a long time

12
00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:50,040
Speaker 1: ago on bread Fruit and the mutiny on the Bounty,

13
00:00:50,320 --> 00:00:53,760
Speaker 1: And that's Captain Cook's arrival in Hawaii, and that marks

14
00:00:53,800 --> 00:00:56,800
Speaker 1: the beginning of a century of westernization in the islands.

15
00:00:56,840 --> 00:01:01,200
Speaker 1: And we have explorers arriving, traders and venturers all coming

16
00:01:01,200 --> 00:01:05,000
Speaker 1: to wait. And we also have some stuff that fundamentally

17
00:01:05,160 --> 00:01:08,920
Speaker 1: changes the the life of people on the island by

18
00:01:09,280 --> 00:01:15,240
Speaker 1: livestock and frame houses, Protestant and Catholic religion, taverns, written language. Yeah,

19
00:01:15,319 --> 00:01:17,600
Speaker 1: but it's not until the middle of the nineteenth century

20
00:01:17,680 --> 00:01:21,520
Speaker 1: that European and American interests really start to exert a

21
00:01:21,560 --> 00:01:24,600
Speaker 1: pretty large amount of control over the islands, and the

22
00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:29,320
Speaker 1: white interest centers around business, and it's mostly sugar trade stuff,

23
00:01:29,720 --> 00:01:34,880
Speaker 1: and these business interests gradually forced the monarchy to transform

24
00:01:35,120 --> 00:01:37,600
Speaker 1: to give up power. Like bit by bit, it goes

25
00:01:37,640 --> 00:01:40,320
Speaker 1: on for a long time, but by eighteen forty eight,

26
00:01:40,440 --> 00:01:44,119
Speaker 1: King kama may Have the Third allows the Great Mahale,

27
00:01:44,560 --> 00:01:47,840
Speaker 1: which is the division of lands, to take place, and

28
00:01:48,120 --> 00:01:50,800
Speaker 1: this allows people to own private property. I mean, this

29
00:01:50,880 --> 00:01:54,720
Speaker 1: is a really great example too of fundamental life changes

30
00:01:54,840 --> 00:01:58,640
Speaker 1: for native Hawaiians. At the time, Hawaii was still certainly

31
00:01:58,760 --> 00:02:02,240
Speaker 1: its own country, but there are loads of different foreign

32
00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:05,440
Speaker 1: nations exerting influence in the islands. It's not just the

33
00:02:05,520 --> 00:02:09,680
Speaker 1: United States, and in fact, the US is pretty disenchanted

34
00:02:09,720 --> 00:02:13,200
Speaker 1: with the idea of possibly annexing the islands. When King

35
00:02:13,240 --> 00:02:17,160
Speaker 1: Kamomea the Third secretly petitions the government to make it happen,

36
00:02:17,800 --> 00:02:21,440
Speaker 1: and he's met with a very definitive reply from Secretary

37
00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:25,240
Speaker 1: of State Daniel Webster. No power ought to take possession

38
00:02:25,240 --> 00:02:29,120
Speaker 1: of the islands as a conquest or colonization. But by

39
00:02:29,160 --> 00:02:32,120
Speaker 1: the eighteen seventies that's starting to change a bit, and

40
00:02:32,520 --> 00:02:36,480
Speaker 1: US dominance in Hawaii is becoming very obvious. It's taking

41
00:02:36,520 --> 00:02:40,400
Speaker 1: precedents to other countries dominance. And this is really proven

42
00:02:40,480 --> 00:02:44,200
Speaker 1: by the Reciprocity Treaty, which allowed for free trade of

43
00:02:44,240 --> 00:02:47,079
Speaker 1: sugar to behind its states and in return the right

44
00:02:47,160 --> 00:02:50,280
Speaker 1: for America to establish a naval base at Pearl Harbor.

45
00:02:50,639 --> 00:02:53,120
Speaker 1: So it was a very good deal for these sugar

46
00:02:53,160 --> 00:02:56,040
Speaker 1: merchants in Hawaii because they could do all their trading

47
00:02:56,080 --> 00:02:59,000
Speaker 1: and not have to pay a bunch of tariffs on it.

48
00:02:59,800 --> 00:03:03,280
Speaker 1: The eighteen seventy five treaty had been supported by Hawaii's

49
00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:07,880
Speaker 1: new king, David Klako, but the businessman didn't quite trust

50
00:03:07,960 --> 00:03:11,160
Speaker 1: him because he was building up the royalty, you know,

51
00:03:11,240 --> 00:03:15,560
Speaker 1: constructing a palace and reviving Hawaiian traditions that had been

52
00:03:15,600 --> 00:03:20,040
Speaker 1: forced underground, like the hula. So in eighteen eighty nine,

53
00:03:20,080 --> 00:03:23,680
Speaker 1: the Honolulu Rifles, a group of white troops, forced him

54
00:03:23,680 --> 00:03:27,519
Speaker 1: to ratify a new constitution known as the Bayonet Constitution,

55
00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:31,920
Speaker 1: which strips his powers, loads his cabinet with white businessmen,

56
00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:36,200
Speaker 1: and limits the voting rights of natives. So now to vote,

57
00:03:36,320 --> 00:03:38,400
Speaker 1: you don't have to be a citizen, but you have

58
00:03:38,520 --> 00:03:41,240
Speaker 1: to own property and make more than six hundred dollars

59
00:03:41,280 --> 00:03:47,119
Speaker 1: a year, so this disenfranchises most Hawaiian natives. But this

60
00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:50,960
Speaker 1: is the state of the country when colakue sister Lilo

61
00:03:51,080 --> 00:03:55,160
Speaker 1: Kolani takes the throne in eight and she was born

62
00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:57,440
Speaker 1: in eighteen thirty eight. She was the third of ten

63
00:03:57,520 --> 00:04:01,040
Speaker 1: children born to a high chief, and you was adopted

64
00:04:01,120 --> 00:04:04,680
Speaker 1: at birth and educated very well at the Royal School,

65
00:04:04,680 --> 00:04:07,920
Speaker 1: which was run by American missionaries, and she was even

66
00:04:07,960 --> 00:04:11,920
Speaker 1: given a Christian name. Lydia marries a white man, John

67
00:04:11,960 --> 00:04:15,880
Speaker 1: Owen Dominos, who later becomes an island governor. So just

68
00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:19,240
Speaker 1: to give you some background on her, she's very intelligent,

69
00:04:19,360 --> 00:04:23,880
Speaker 1: she's very well educated, and she's been thoroughly schooled and

70
00:04:23,920 --> 00:04:28,000
Speaker 1: how to be a modern, dignified lady. But she doesn't

71
00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:31,800
Speaker 1: ever really forget her Hawaiian background. She continues to speak

72
00:04:31,800 --> 00:04:36,240
Speaker 1: the native language, she likes to practice native customs. She's

73
00:04:36,279 --> 00:04:39,800
Speaker 1: aware of her heritage. And while she hadn't had much

74
00:04:39,880 --> 00:04:43,520
Speaker 1: experience governing, she had already proven herself more loyal to

75
00:04:43,640 --> 00:04:46,719
Speaker 1: her people than business interests. She had been left in

76
00:04:46,800 --> 00:04:49,760
Speaker 1: charge for a time in one when her brother went

77
00:04:49,800 --> 00:04:53,640
Speaker 1: on an international journey, and when an epidemic of smallpox

78
00:04:53,680 --> 00:04:57,480
Speaker 1: struck the island, which was ultimately traced to Chinese labors.

79
00:04:57,520 --> 00:05:02,200
Speaker 1: She responded by shutting down the port. Businessmen completely freaked out,

80
00:05:02,279 --> 00:05:06,039
Speaker 1: but she stood her ground, and when she becomes queen,

81
00:05:06,200 --> 00:05:09,320
Speaker 1: it's no surprise that she immediately starts looking for a

82
00:05:09,320 --> 00:05:14,520
Speaker 1: way to overturn the unfair Bayonet Constitution. But there's another

83
00:05:14,600 --> 00:05:18,240
Speaker 1: really important economic development that's going on around the same

84
00:05:18,320 --> 00:05:22,400
Speaker 1: time that seals Hawaii's fate, and that's the revocation of

85
00:05:22,440 --> 00:05:25,840
Speaker 1: the free and favored entry status for the sugar exports.

86
00:05:26,320 --> 00:05:29,840
Speaker 1: So in with the passing of the McKinley tariff, sugar

87
00:05:29,839 --> 00:05:33,440
Speaker 1: growers can no longer make these huge profits they've been

88
00:05:33,520 --> 00:05:37,400
Speaker 1: used to. They don't have this completely free trade with

89
00:05:37,480 --> 00:05:41,880
Speaker 1: the US anymore, and it causes a recession on the island. Hey,

90
00:05:42,040 --> 00:05:46,240
Speaker 1: then would it perhaps be easier for them, Sarah, if

91
00:05:46,279 --> 00:05:50,400
Speaker 1: Hawaii were part of the United State, Yes, it certainly would.

92
00:05:50,480 --> 00:05:53,520
Speaker 1: You wouldn't have tariffs if you too were part of

93
00:05:53,560 --> 00:05:56,920
Speaker 1: the United States. So the sugar growers are starting to think,

94
00:05:57,839 --> 00:06:02,960
Speaker 1: let's get Hawaii annexed. In eighteen nine three, the Queen

95
00:06:03,120 --> 00:06:07,200
Speaker 1: is ready to introduce her new constitution and fearing trouble.

96
00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:10,120
Speaker 1: Her advisors have her hold back a few days, but

97
00:06:10,680 --> 00:06:13,880
Speaker 1: trouble is brewing. You know, the businessmen aren't pleased that

98
00:06:13,960 --> 00:06:19,040
Speaker 1: Lilioakolani is unwilling to be cowed, and they're making plans

99
00:06:19,080 --> 00:06:22,560
Speaker 1: to form the Committee on Annexation and overthrow her. And

100
00:06:22,600 --> 00:06:28,039
Speaker 1: the perfect opportunity for this comes January eighteen, when four

101
00:06:28,120 --> 00:06:32,400
Speaker 1: boats of U. S. Marines with guns disembark in Honolulu.

102
00:06:32,440 --> 00:06:35,680
Speaker 1: So you have all of these troops now who might

103
00:06:35,760 --> 00:06:40,080
Speaker 1: support this American lead uprising. So a hundred and sixty

104
00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:43,400
Speaker 1: two troops marched through Honolulu streets toward the palace, and

105
00:06:43,680 --> 00:06:46,839
Speaker 1: the queen watches from her balcony. The next day, she

106
00:06:46,960 --> 00:06:51,320
Speaker 1: surrenders at gunpoint and seeds control to the island's wealthy

107
00:06:51,360 --> 00:06:55,160
Speaker 1: white sugar growers, who are going to form this temporary government.

108
00:06:55,360 --> 00:06:59,440
Speaker 1: So we have a bloodless coup and Sanford Dole, as

109
00:06:59,520 --> 00:07:04,240
Speaker 1: in Old Pineapples, establishes a temporary government and petitions the

110
00:07:04,360 --> 00:07:08,120
Speaker 1: US to annex Hawaii with the Committee on Annexation. He

111
00:07:08,160 --> 00:07:10,760
Speaker 1: claims the government is corrupt and that they're trying to

112
00:07:10,880 --> 00:07:14,840
Speaker 1: advance democracy, and he's supported by the U. S. Minister

113
00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:19,960
Speaker 1: to Hawaii, John Stevens. Next, Stevens recognizes the new government

114
00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:23,640
Speaker 1: and proclaims Hawaii a U. S. Protectorate, all without the

115
00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:27,560
Speaker 1: permission of the U. S. State Department. Crazy. I still

116
00:07:27,600 --> 00:07:30,960
Speaker 1: can't get over that part. But Benjamin Harrison, whose president,

117
00:07:31,080 --> 00:07:34,640
Speaker 1: is game with all this, even though it is defying

118
00:07:35,280 --> 00:07:39,239
Speaker 1: any kind of structure order, and he signs the Treaty

119
00:07:39,240 --> 00:07:42,760
Speaker 1: of Annexation and sends it to the Senate. But wait,

120
00:07:42,800 --> 00:07:46,880
Speaker 1: but we have had an election by this point, and

121
00:07:46,960 --> 00:07:49,360
Speaker 1: before the Senate can ratify the treaty, we get a

122
00:07:49,400 --> 00:07:53,400
Speaker 1: new president, Grover Cleveland, who withdraws the treaty for the

123
00:07:53,440 --> 00:07:59,000
Speaker 1: purpose of reexamination. So Cleveland appoints James Blount to investigate

124
00:07:59,040 --> 00:08:02,360
Speaker 1: what actually had then, and Blunt finds that Stevens had

125
00:08:02,440 --> 00:08:07,200
Speaker 1: acted improperly obviously, and there's no reason that American flag

126
00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:11,760
Speaker 1: should be flying over Hawaiian government buildings, and also decides

127
00:08:12,200 --> 00:08:14,880
Speaker 1: we need to restore the queen. What happened was wrong.

128
00:08:15,360 --> 00:08:19,760
Speaker 1: So Sandford Dole, however, is not willing to let go.

129
00:08:19,960 --> 00:08:22,240
Speaker 1: And he says, no, I'm not going to give power

130
00:08:22,280 --> 00:08:24,920
Speaker 1: back to the queen. And he argues that the US

131
00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:28,080
Speaker 1: has no right to interfere with what's going on in Hawaii,

132
00:08:28,280 --> 00:08:33,559
Speaker 1: so he's extremely defiant. The new American Minister under President Cleveland,

133
00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:36,840
Speaker 1: Albert S. Willis, offers the crown back to the queen

134
00:08:36,960 --> 00:08:39,719
Speaker 1: on the condition that she pardoned those who dethroned her.

135
00:08:40,440 --> 00:08:43,640
Speaker 1: She says no and then changes her mind, but the

136
00:08:43,679 --> 00:08:48,240
Speaker 1: delay compromises her position and Cleveland releases the entire issue

137
00:08:48,320 --> 00:08:53,320
Speaker 1: to Congress for debate. So annexationists lobby Congress against the

138
00:08:53,360 --> 00:08:57,319
Speaker 1: restoration of the monarchy. They ultimately vote to censure Stevens

139
00:08:57,360 --> 00:08:59,800
Speaker 1: for his disobedience, but they're still pretty open to the

140
00:08:59,840 --> 00:09:03,240
Speaker 1: idea of annexation, and the United States won't move to

141
00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:06,480
Speaker 1: help the queen in any way. So on July fourth,

142
00:09:07,960 --> 00:09:12,400
Speaker 1: the provisional government proclaims Hawaii is a republic, and Sanford

143
00:09:12,400 --> 00:09:16,560
Speaker 1: Dole declares himself president without a vote, and we've got

144
00:09:16,559 --> 00:09:20,080
Speaker 1: some nerves, he really does, and pineapples and the new

145
00:09:20,120 --> 00:09:22,960
Speaker 1: Republic of Hawaii is immediately recognized by the US. So

146
00:09:23,280 --> 00:09:27,280
Speaker 1: we go from this limbo limbo state where they're hoping

147
00:09:27,320 --> 00:09:29,600
Speaker 1: that they'll become part of the United States, to actually

148
00:09:29,640 --> 00:09:33,520
Speaker 1: being a republic their their own country. But it's a

149
00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:38,560
Speaker 1: country ruled by businessmen. The queen has not lost hope.

150
00:09:38,679 --> 00:09:41,679
Speaker 1: She still has faith that Cleveland will restore her to

151
00:09:41,720 --> 00:09:46,240
Speaker 1: the throne, and she retains her title but no power. Eventually,

152
00:09:46,240 --> 00:09:48,800
Speaker 1: her supporters try to rise up for her what when

153
00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:51,560
Speaker 1: some are found on the beach with a shipment of guns,

154
00:09:51,559 --> 00:09:54,280
Speaker 1: her house is searched and more weapons are found in

155
00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:58,079
Speaker 1: her garden. She's held captive in the palace for months

156
00:09:58,559 --> 00:10:02,880
Speaker 1: and eventually gives up her title on January with the

157
00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:07,400
Speaker 1: promise that her arrested supporters wouldn't be killed. Most are anyway,

158
00:10:07,679 --> 00:10:11,360
Speaker 1: and native Hawaiians are very very much against the takeover.

159
00:10:11,520 --> 00:10:15,360
Speaker 1: Don't think otherwise. I ran into some accounts about I

160
00:10:15,360 --> 00:10:18,160
Speaker 1: don't even think I learned about this really in US history,

161
00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:21,199
Speaker 1: but I ran into some accounts saying that it's glossed

162
00:10:21,200 --> 00:10:25,560
Speaker 1: over oftentimes and that it's taught like Hawaiians really wanted

163
00:10:25,600 --> 00:10:29,840
Speaker 1: to become part of the That was not the case. Um.

164
00:10:29,880 --> 00:10:34,520
Speaker 1: So they're staging rallies and forming men's and women's groups

165
00:10:34,559 --> 00:10:38,120
Speaker 1: against annexation. Their princess and the heir to the throne

166
00:10:38,160 --> 00:10:41,240
Speaker 1: actually goes to New York and d C. She's fresh

167
00:10:41,320 --> 00:10:44,400
Speaker 1: from nine years of boarding school in England, so she's

168
00:10:44,520 --> 00:10:47,520
Speaker 1: very charming and eloquent and she wins a lot of

169
00:10:47,559 --> 00:10:51,080
Speaker 1: hearts and minds. She speaks to the newspaper men and

170
00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:55,640
Speaker 1: gives them the idea of that um The Hawaiians are

171
00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:58,240
Speaker 1: nothing like what they've been led to believe. She even

172
00:10:58,320 --> 00:11:02,480
Speaker 1: meets with the President, but it's not enough to really

173
00:11:02,720 --> 00:11:06,600
Speaker 1: make things happen. The Republican Party platform in the election

174
00:11:06,720 --> 00:11:11,160
Speaker 1: of eighteen ninety six is very pro annexation, so when

175
00:11:11,200 --> 00:11:16,320
Speaker 1: their candidate McKinley is inaugurated in March, it's really no

176
00:11:16,400 --> 00:11:20,439
Speaker 1: surprise that he restarts the process. He and three representatives

177
00:11:20,440 --> 00:11:23,320
Speaker 1: from the Republic of Hawaii sign a treaty of annexation

178
00:11:23,400 --> 00:11:26,840
Speaker 1: and submitted to the Senate. So the men's and women's

179
00:11:26,840 --> 00:11:30,120
Speaker 1: groups in Hawaii swing into action. They order a mass

180
00:11:30,160 --> 00:11:35,760
Speaker 1: petition and between September and October collect twenty one two

181
00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:39,560
Speaker 1: d sixty nine signatures, and that's of thirty nine thousand

182
00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:43,560
Speaker 1: Native Hawaiians. And they also sent four delegates to d

183
00:11:43,640 --> 00:11:46,560
Speaker 1: C with the petition. And the Queen is already there

184
00:11:46,640 --> 00:11:50,800
Speaker 1: lobbying and preparing a strategy. And the delegation meets with

185
00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:53,520
Speaker 1: the chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on

186
00:11:53,679 --> 00:11:56,839
Speaker 1: December nine, and the senator reads the text of the

187
00:11:56,880 --> 00:12:01,400
Speaker 1: petition to the Senate, it's formally accepted, so yeah, the

188
00:12:01,640 --> 00:12:04,400
Speaker 1: roots work really good work here. And the next day

189
00:12:04,440 --> 00:12:07,280
Speaker 1: the delegates meet with the Secretary of State and formally

190
00:12:07,480 --> 00:12:12,080
Speaker 1: protest annexation. And from there they go crazy lobbying all

191
00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:16,920
Speaker 1: sorts of senators trying to oppose this as furiously as

192
00:12:16,920 --> 00:12:21,320
Speaker 1: they can. And by the time they leave on February,

193
00:12:21,440 --> 00:12:25,360
Speaker 1: only forty six senators are willing to vote for annexing Hawaii,

194
00:12:25,440 --> 00:12:28,440
Speaker 1: so they've really made a huge difference because that is

195
00:12:28,480 --> 00:12:31,840
Speaker 1: not enough for a two thirds majority, So the treaty

196
00:12:31,920 --> 00:12:37,640
Speaker 1: is defeated. But February, the USS Main blows up in

197
00:12:37,640 --> 00:12:41,280
Speaker 1: the Havannah Harbor, the Spanish American War starts, some of

198
00:12:41,320 --> 00:12:44,120
Speaker 1: which takes place in the Philippines, and now we need

199
00:12:44,160 --> 00:12:48,600
Speaker 1: a mid Pacific fueling station and naval base. So pro

200
00:12:48,760 --> 00:12:52,480
Speaker 1: annexation groups decide to resubmit the proposal, playing up the

201
00:12:52,559 --> 00:12:55,319
Speaker 1: fears of war and the possibility that the Japanese will

202
00:12:55,360 --> 00:12:58,760
Speaker 1: do it first. This time it's a joint resolution, which

203
00:12:58,800 --> 00:13:02,479
Speaker 1: requires a simple majory already instead of that two thirds majority,

204
00:13:02,520 --> 00:13:05,840
Speaker 1: and the Newlands Resolution passes and is signed into law

205
00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:10,080
Speaker 1: by McKinley in Hawaii is now part of the United States,

206
00:13:10,400 --> 00:13:14,199
Speaker 1: and Cleveland actually later wrote of this, I am ashamed

207
00:13:14,280 --> 00:13:17,440
Speaker 1: of the whole affair. So this was not something that

208
00:13:17,520 --> 00:13:21,400
Speaker 1: everyone in the United States was celebrating. And back in Hawaii,

209
00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:26,600
Speaker 1: obviously everyone who supported the royal family is in deep mourning.

210
00:13:27,400 --> 00:13:30,440
Speaker 1: Um The queen and her air focused on trying to

211
00:13:30,480 --> 00:13:33,319
Speaker 1: secure voting rights for the people now that they are

212
00:13:33,400 --> 00:13:36,000
Speaker 1: part of the United States. And the queen also writes

213
00:13:36,080 --> 00:13:38,440
Speaker 1: songs for the rest of her life, something that she

214
00:13:38,520 --> 00:13:41,200
Speaker 1: did before as well. But she was really good at

215
00:13:41,240 --> 00:13:45,200
Speaker 1: blending Native Hawaiian and Western styles together, and her most

216
00:13:45,240 --> 00:13:49,400
Speaker 1: famous song is a loh Hallway and she's also responsible

217
00:13:49,440 --> 00:13:54,360
Speaker 1: for writing one of Hawaii's national anthems. So the queen

218
00:13:54,440 --> 00:13:56,880
Speaker 1: lived a long time. We bid goodbye to her in

219
00:13:56,880 --> 00:14:00,480
Speaker 1: November eleventh, nineteen seventeen, at the age of seventeen nine,

220
00:14:00,760 --> 00:14:04,360
Speaker 1: but she didn't live long enough to see statehood for Hawaii,

221
00:14:04,440 --> 00:14:07,520
Speaker 1: which didn't come until nineteen fifty nine, and that of

222
00:14:07,520 --> 00:14:11,000
Speaker 1: course gave people living in Hawaii full rights as American citizens.

223
00:14:11,360 --> 00:14:13,200
Speaker 1: And we have one more little note on this. In

224
00:14:13,240 --> 00:14:17,000
Speaker 1: the nineteen eighties, a sovereignty movement started in Hawaii, and

225
00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:21,160
Speaker 1: some people wanted a restoration of the monarchy. Others wanted

226
00:14:21,360 --> 00:14:24,800
Speaker 1: some sort of reparations. Some people wanted Hawaii to become

227
00:14:24,800 --> 00:14:29,520
Speaker 1: its own nation, and others wanted Hawaii to have the

228
00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:32,440
Speaker 1: native people at least received the same sort of federal

229
00:14:32,480 --> 00:14:38,280
Speaker 1: recognition that Native Americans received. Queen Lilia Wokelani's story obviously

230
00:14:38,520 --> 00:14:43,800
Speaker 1: inspired this movement, but it also one our respect and admiration,

231
00:14:44,520 --> 00:14:47,720
Speaker 1: and that is the story of the last Queen of Hawaii,

232
00:14:48,160 --> 00:14:53,960
Speaker 1: which brings us to our listener mail. So our first

233
00:14:54,040 --> 00:14:56,920
Speaker 1: email is from Suzanne, and I love just the subject

234
00:14:56,960 --> 00:15:00,840
Speaker 1: of her email. It's breadfruit, yummy acclamation point. But she

235
00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:03,560
Speaker 1: was writing in regard to our episode on bread fruit

236
00:15:03,720 --> 00:15:06,560
Speaker 1: and the mutiny on the Bounty, and she wrote to

237
00:15:06,640 --> 00:15:09,640
Speaker 1: tell us that she's originally from Jamaica and breadfruit was

238
00:15:09,680 --> 00:15:11,640
Speaker 1: something that her mother would make all the time, and

239
00:15:11,680 --> 00:15:14,720
Speaker 1: she gave us a little bread fruit recipe tip. She

240
00:15:14,760 --> 00:15:17,360
Speaker 1: said her mother would cut off the skin and roast

241
00:15:17,400 --> 00:15:19,960
Speaker 1: it on a grill over an open flame, then wrap

242
00:15:19,960 --> 00:15:22,440
Speaker 1: it and foil to keep the moisture in. Then the

243
00:15:22,480 --> 00:15:25,760
Speaker 1: following day she would cut it up into wedges, lightly salted,

244
00:15:25,840 --> 00:15:28,920
Speaker 1: and then fry it, and she said it was normally

245
00:15:28,920 --> 00:15:32,880
Speaker 1: served as breakfast with fish or boiled white yams, or

246
00:15:32,960 --> 00:15:36,560
Speaker 1: bananas or Johnny cakes, and uh, sometimes a big slice

247
00:15:36,600 --> 00:15:39,840
Speaker 1: of pear, which is what we call avocados in Jamaica, which,

248
00:15:40,040 --> 00:15:43,880
Speaker 1: as I thought, was great. So thanks for sending us

249
00:15:43,880 --> 00:15:47,920
Speaker 1: your recipe, Seasanne. And we have another recipe from Liz,

250
00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:50,800
Speaker 1: who said, I'm a few days away from finishing my

251
00:15:50,880 --> 00:15:54,400
Speaker 1: Peace Corps service in Guiana, South America, and we have

252
00:15:54,440 --> 00:15:57,240
Speaker 1: bread fruit here. Every time I see them in the market,

253
00:15:57,280 --> 00:15:59,760
Speaker 1: I smiled to myself, thinking about all the trouble they

254
00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:03,640
Speaker 1: getting to the Caribbean. You asked for breadfruit recipes, and

255
00:16:03,760 --> 00:16:06,360
Speaker 1: this is what I found in the Peace Corp Giana cookbook.

256
00:16:06,880 --> 00:16:10,200
Speaker 1: It's for bread fruit puffs and it's one bread fruit,

257
00:16:10,440 --> 00:16:14,840
Speaker 1: two tablespoons of butter, two shallots chopped, one egg, bread

258
00:16:14,880 --> 00:16:18,360
Speaker 1: crumbs and oil for frying. And you boil and mash

259
00:16:18,400 --> 00:16:22,520
Speaker 1: the bread fruit while hot, add butter, shallots and onions, mix,

260
00:16:22,760 --> 00:16:25,720
Speaker 1: add eggs and beat well. Roll the mixture into balls

261
00:16:25,840 --> 00:16:28,240
Speaker 1: and toss in your bread crumbs and fry it in

262
00:16:28,360 --> 00:16:32,120
Speaker 1: hot oil. So if anyone gives this a try, please

263
00:16:32,200 --> 00:16:34,600
Speaker 1: let us know and we would like a picture. I

264
00:16:34,640 --> 00:16:38,400
Speaker 1: also found a recipe or actually a collection of recipes

265
00:16:38,440 --> 00:16:42,320
Speaker 1: on Smithsonian for all sorts of bread fruit. I didn't

266
00:16:42,360 --> 00:16:45,560
Speaker 1: even think to check Food Network. We might have to

267
00:16:45,600 --> 00:16:48,240
Speaker 1: post that one on our Twitter or something. We also

268
00:16:48,360 --> 00:16:51,480
Speaker 1: had a correction. I think Sarah's got that one. We did.

269
00:16:51,520 --> 00:16:54,080
Speaker 1: I'm not even sure what we said originally. We're guessing

270
00:16:54,120 --> 00:16:58,720
Speaker 1: probably the Scioto River. Something wrong. We won't we won't

271
00:16:59,160 --> 00:17:04,960
Speaker 1: relive the longness, but the correct pronunciation is Sciota or

272
00:17:05,119 --> 00:17:08,479
Speaker 1: maybe even si o two. So, and that was our two.

273
00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:12,040
Speaker 1: Come to the podcast if you have any corrections to

274
00:17:12,080 --> 00:17:16,760
Speaker 1: send us or delicious historical recipes. Our email is History

275
00:17:16,840 --> 00:17:19,960
Speaker 1: Podcast at how stuff works dot com. You can also

276
00:17:20,040 --> 00:17:23,120
Speaker 1: follow us on Twitter at missed in History, or join

277
00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:26,000
Speaker 1: our Facebook fan page or we'll keep you updated on

278
00:17:26,040 --> 00:17:29,520
Speaker 1: what we're working on, and as always, please feel free

279
00:17:29,560 --> 00:17:33,200
Speaker 1: to check out our homepage at www dot how stuff

280
00:17:33,200 --> 00:17:37,600
Speaker 1: works dot com. For more on this and thousands of

281
00:17:37,640 --> 00:17:40,399
Speaker 1: other topics, visit how stuff works dot com and be

282
00:17:40,480 --> 00:17:42,000
Speaker 1: sure to check out the stuff you missed in the

283
00:17:42,080 --> 00:17:44,480
Speaker 1: History class blogged on the how stuff works dot com

284
00:17:44,480 --> 00:17:58,720
Speaker 1: one page