1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:04,920 Speaker 1: Fellow ridiculous historians, we have a classic episode that we 2 00:00:05,200 --> 00:00:07,000 Speaker 1: can't wait to share with you. 3 00:00:08,039 --> 00:00:08,319 Speaker 2: Max. 4 00:00:08,400 --> 00:00:13,440 Speaker 1: It reminds me a little bit of how we learned 5 00:00:13,480 --> 00:00:18,400 Speaker 1: about the phenomenal sport of curling, thanks to you, because 6 00:00:18,520 --> 00:00:23,439 Speaker 1: this is this is the literal weaponization of a wintertime sport. 7 00:00:23,840 --> 00:00:26,079 Speaker 3: Well, Ben, I don't know if you know this, but 8 00:00:26,120 --> 00:00:28,640 Speaker 3: to date almost five years on the show, my favorite 9 00:00:28,680 --> 00:00:32,479 Speaker 3: episode still is the Sausage War episode when we talk 10 00:00:32,520 --> 00:00:34,640 Speaker 3: about skiing in combat. Alit on that one, and also 11 00:00:34,840 --> 00:00:36,120 Speaker 3: the ow This expedition. 12 00:00:36,440 --> 00:00:40,280 Speaker 1: Ah yes, yeah, all right, here's the skinny folks. There's 13 00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:44,040 Speaker 1: a thing called Operation gunter Side. It's a story the 14 00:00:44,120 --> 00:00:48,360 Speaker 1: Jedi won't tell you. On February twenty seventh, nineteen forty two, 15 00:00:49,760 --> 00:00:53,200 Speaker 1: there were these guys who were super into sabotage, real 16 00:00:53,280 --> 00:00:58,960 Speaker 1: specop stuff. They wanted to attack a Nazi controlled plant 17 00:00:59,240 --> 00:01:04,360 Speaker 1: in away and they had to figure out how to 18 00:01:04,720 --> 00:01:08,360 Speaker 1: pull this off. They were outnumbered, they were out gunned. 19 00:01:08,959 --> 00:01:12,520 Speaker 1: They didn't know how they could get to the place, 20 00:01:13,240 --> 00:01:17,759 Speaker 1: much less get away without being instantly discovered and murdered. 21 00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:23,399 Speaker 1: But as we'll see in today's classic episode, Bye Gosh, 22 00:01:23,440 --> 00:01:27,039 Speaker 1: by Golly, they pulled it. Off they ruined the Nazi 23 00:01:27,080 --> 00:01:34,480 Speaker 1: bomb project on literal snow Skkes. Ridiculous History is a 24 00:01:34,480 --> 00:02:03,480 Speaker 1: production of iHeartRadio. So Close, So close, It is as 25 00:02:03,680 --> 00:02:07,000 Speaker 1: if we are in gliders, which will make sense in 26 00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:11,160 Speaker 1: a few minutes. We are so close to an anniversary 27 00:02:11,320 --> 00:02:16,760 Speaker 1: episode today. This episode is publishing on February twenty sixth, 28 00:02:17,200 --> 00:02:22,120 Speaker 1: twenty nineteen, but two days from now, and if you're 29 00:02:22,160 --> 00:02:24,600 Speaker 1: listening to this, the day it comes out, we will 30 00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:30,040 Speaker 1: hit the anniversary of something called Operation gunner Side. 31 00:02:30,120 --> 00:02:32,119 Speaker 2: I know you love a good operation, Ben. 32 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:34,760 Speaker 1: I mean, who doesn't, right, This will be the seventy 33 00:02:34,919 --> 00:02:41,160 Speaker 1: sixth anniversary of Operation Gunner Side. And if you're wondering, hey, guys, 34 00:02:41,160 --> 00:02:44,360 Speaker 1: what the heck is Operation gunner Side, we're glad to 35 00:02:44,440 --> 00:02:48,359 Speaker 1: tell you, of course, with the help of our constant 36 00:02:48,400 --> 00:02:50,080 Speaker 1: super producer, Casey. 37 00:02:49,840 --> 00:02:54,680 Speaker 2: Pegrim and truest friend and confidante. The Golden Girls song 38 00:02:54,800 --> 00:02:57,680 Speaker 2: is playing in my head. I love that song. It's 39 00:02:57,720 --> 00:02:59,080 Speaker 2: really good. It's so good. 40 00:02:59,160 --> 00:03:01,760 Speaker 1: It's only the This has nothing to do with today's episode, 41 00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:04,760 Speaker 1: and I'll keep the banter short. But did you ever 42 00:03:04,800 --> 00:03:06,720 Speaker 1: listen to the full version? Did either of you guys 43 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:08,919 Speaker 1: ever listen to the full version? Of the Golden Girls song. 44 00:03:09,360 --> 00:03:10,840 Speaker 2: Is it just called thank you for being a friend? 45 00:03:11,320 --> 00:03:14,680 Speaker 2: I can't, I can't remember, but it's it's not as good. Really. 46 00:03:14,919 --> 00:03:17,760 Speaker 2: The best part is the TV theme and if you 47 00:03:17,960 --> 00:03:23,520 Speaker 2: had a party an invited everyone, you know, it's my 48 00:03:23,520 --> 00:03:27,200 Speaker 2: favorite part. I like the and the card atached would 49 00:03:27,320 --> 00:03:30,720 Speaker 2: say and everybody comes in, thank you for being afraid? 50 00:03:31,600 --> 00:03:33,519 Speaker 2: You know, I say to you, thank you for being 51 00:03:33,520 --> 00:03:34,040 Speaker 2: a ben. 52 00:03:34,480 --> 00:03:36,560 Speaker 1: H thank you think you you know what you're not. 53 00:03:36,880 --> 00:03:40,120 Speaker 1: You're no slouch of being a knowl. And Casey Pegrim 54 00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:41,200 Speaker 1: you were my favorite. 55 00:03:41,200 --> 00:03:43,920 Speaker 2: Casey, well, thank you ben Oh. Okay, I didn't know 56 00:03:43,920 --> 00:03:46,160 Speaker 2: if you were going to respond to that way. That's 57 00:03:46,200 --> 00:03:48,080 Speaker 2: Casey on the case. There, that's Casey on the case. 58 00:03:48,120 --> 00:03:51,600 Speaker 2: That's very nice, Casey on the case. You know who 59 00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:58,640 Speaker 2: else was being good at what they were? Who else? Nazis? Nazis? Yeah, yeah, Nazis. Okay, 60 00:03:58,720 --> 00:04:00,280 Speaker 2: let me let me caveat that a little. Yeah. 61 00:04:00,480 --> 00:04:02,960 Speaker 1: But they were being successful at what they were doing, 62 00:04:02,960 --> 00:04:03,680 Speaker 1: That's what I'm saying. 63 00:04:04,480 --> 00:04:05,080 Speaker 2: Yeah. 64 00:04:05,320 --> 00:04:11,600 Speaker 1: So our story today takes place in the nineteen forties 65 00:04:12,160 --> 00:04:17,520 Speaker 1: in World War Two and the rush to build the 66 00:04:17,560 --> 00:04:19,279 Speaker 1: first nuclear weapon. 67 00:04:19,320 --> 00:04:20,880 Speaker 2: And this is something that I didn't know that I 68 00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:23,320 Speaker 2: didn't learn until I was looking into the story with you, Ben, 69 00:04:23,680 --> 00:04:26,560 Speaker 2: is that the Germans were kind of had a head 70 00:04:26,560 --> 00:04:29,960 Speaker 2: start on the Manhattan Project, and it was actually because 71 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:33,360 Speaker 2: of progress the Germans were making towards developing a nuclear 72 00:04:33,400 --> 00:04:36,440 Speaker 2: bomb that we got involved. We started doing our own 73 00:04:36,560 --> 00:04:37,719 Speaker 2: version right. 74 00:04:37,960 --> 00:04:43,160 Speaker 1: Right, So, as early nuclear research, just nuclear research is 75 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:46,760 Speaker 1: beginning in the United States, Germany is already moving forward 76 00:04:46,800 --> 00:04:50,960 Speaker 1: with its own energy research and atomic bomb program, which was. 77 00:04:50,920 --> 00:04:55,880 Speaker 2: Called Uhlinvine, which translates to the Uranium Club, and that 78 00:04:56,200 --> 00:04:59,039 Speaker 2: was founded as a secret program in April of nineteen 79 00:04:59,080 --> 00:05:02,720 Speaker 2: thirty nine, which was just shortly after Otto Hahn and 80 00:05:02,839 --> 00:05:08,560 Speaker 2: Fritz Strassmann, who are two German scientists, accidentally discovered nuclear fission, 81 00:05:09,200 --> 00:05:14,159 Speaker 2: giving the Germans quite an advantage over the United States. Right. 82 00:05:14,320 --> 00:05:18,440 Speaker 1: This was December nineteen thirty eight, over Christmas vacation when 83 00:05:18,440 --> 00:05:22,800 Speaker 1: these physicists made this discovery, and it's one of those 84 00:05:22,839 --> 00:05:26,440 Speaker 1: world changing events where people in the know, people who 85 00:05:26,480 --> 00:05:30,600 Speaker 1: monitor this sort of stuff, can naturally begin going down 86 00:05:30,720 --> 00:05:35,800 Speaker 1: similar directions in terms of innovation. The Uranium Club was 87 00:05:35,920 --> 00:05:39,960 Speaker 1: led by a physicist named Kurt Diipner, and he built 88 00:05:39,960 --> 00:05:44,080 Speaker 1: a think tank of the top eggheads in Germany, including 89 00:05:44,400 --> 00:05:48,760 Speaker 1: Verner Heisenberg. The Americans were working on this too. The 90 00:05:48,880 --> 00:05:52,560 Speaker 1: Germans had a different program, so they're trying to accomplish 91 00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:56,760 Speaker 1: the same thing. They want to build, ultimately an atomic weapon. 92 00:05:57,240 --> 00:06:00,560 Speaker 1: But one of the differences that they had was their 93 00:06:00,880 --> 00:06:06,000 Speaker 1: use of what they called a moderator. And a moderator 94 00:06:06,400 --> 00:06:10,400 Speaker 1: is a component of a nuclear reactor. So nuclear actors 95 00:06:10,480 --> 00:06:12,360 Speaker 1: usually have a couple of things in common. They have 96 00:06:12,400 --> 00:06:17,479 Speaker 1: a fuel source, control rods, a moderator, coolant, and an encasement. 97 00:06:17,760 --> 00:06:21,640 Speaker 2: Yeah, and a nuclear bomb. Similar to nuclear actors, creating 98 00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:25,719 Speaker 2: is thriving on the same explosive energy, only it's just 99 00:06:25,880 --> 00:06:28,560 Speaker 2: released out into the world, as opposed to harnessed into 100 00:06:28,680 --> 00:06:30,200 Speaker 2: like electric electricity or. 101 00:06:30,200 --> 00:06:35,239 Speaker 1: Power exactly exactly. So, a moderator is a substance that's 102 00:06:35,480 --> 00:06:40,680 Speaker 1: essentially used to slow down the fission process, making it 103 00:06:40,760 --> 00:06:44,719 Speaker 1: more controllable or at least more efficient, right spot on. 104 00:06:45,240 --> 00:06:48,560 Speaker 1: So here's one of the big differences. In the US, 105 00:06:49,320 --> 00:06:53,279 Speaker 1: scientists are using graphite as a moderator. They're using these 106 00:06:53,400 --> 00:06:58,360 Speaker 1: graphite blocks, and they don't have coolant, they don't have radiation, 107 00:06:58,440 --> 00:07:02,080 Speaker 1: they don't have heat shielding. They're still figuring this out. Germany, 108 00:07:02,160 --> 00:07:06,279 Speaker 1: on the other hand, is using something called heavy water. 109 00:07:06,440 --> 00:07:10,200 Speaker 1: What's heavy water? Aside from an awesome name for something, it's. 110 00:07:10,040 --> 00:07:13,480 Speaker 2: Incredible and I did not know what it was. And 111 00:07:13,760 --> 00:07:19,280 Speaker 2: heavy water is water that has an atomic or molecular 112 00:07:19,360 --> 00:07:25,000 Speaker 2: rather weight of twenty rather than eighteen, and that's in 113 00:07:25,360 --> 00:07:30,800 Speaker 2: AMU or atomic mass units. To the layman or anyone, 114 00:07:30,880 --> 00:07:34,800 Speaker 2: really heavy water would taste the same as regular water. 115 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:37,760 Speaker 2: It would feel the same on your body. You could 116 00:07:37,800 --> 00:07:39,440 Speaker 2: swim in it, just the same as you could any 117 00:07:39,480 --> 00:07:43,800 Speaker 2: other kind of regular water. But it occurs incredibly rarely 118 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:47,360 Speaker 2: in nature, right, I think it's something along the lines 119 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:52,120 Speaker 2: according to the Smithsonian magazine, it is incredibly rare in nature, 120 00:07:52,360 --> 00:07:55,640 Speaker 2: happening something along the lines of one in a billion. 121 00:07:56,680 --> 00:08:00,840 Speaker 2: Roleicules of water that occur naturally would be considered heavy. 122 00:08:01,360 --> 00:08:04,240 Speaker 2: One giveaway that you're dealing with heavy water would be 123 00:08:04,280 --> 00:08:07,080 Speaker 2: that ice cubes made out of it would sink rather 124 00:08:07,120 --> 00:08:08,960 Speaker 2: than float because they're a little heavier. 125 00:08:09,440 --> 00:08:13,080 Speaker 1: Right, Right, it's not a clever title, right, they're trying 126 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:14,520 Speaker 1: to be euphemistic. 127 00:08:14,600 --> 00:08:17,080 Speaker 2: The water is heavy, you know, it's super descriptive. Yeah, 128 00:08:17,120 --> 00:08:22,720 Speaker 2: it's true, But this is the substance that the Nazis 129 00:08:22,760 --> 00:08:25,640 Speaker 2: decided to use as that what was the word moderator, 130 00:08:25,680 --> 00:08:29,120 Speaker 2: as that moderator for splitting of the atom and slowing 131 00:08:29,160 --> 00:08:31,360 Speaker 2: down that reaction in a way that would allow them 132 00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:35,880 Speaker 2: to harness it more effectively. Graphite, as we know, super common, 133 00:08:36,040 --> 00:08:39,680 Speaker 2: easy to come by, and all kinds of stuff. Heavy water, 134 00:08:39,760 --> 00:08:42,320 Speaker 2: on the other hand, you got to make it, and 135 00:08:42,360 --> 00:08:45,280 Speaker 2: in order to make it for this research that they 136 00:08:45,280 --> 00:08:50,000 Speaker 2: were doing, the Germans had a pretty massive facility where 137 00:08:50,040 --> 00:08:51,800 Speaker 2: they did just that. Right. 138 00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:55,040 Speaker 1: Oh and quick note on heavy water, it has a 139 00:08:55,160 --> 00:08:59,920 Speaker 1: larger than normal amount of a hydrogen isotope called deterior, 140 00:09:00,800 --> 00:09:04,920 Speaker 1: which is also known as heavy hydrogen. So it all 141 00:09:04,920 --> 00:09:07,880 Speaker 1: works out. They've got a theme, and they also have 142 00:09:08,200 --> 00:09:11,360 Speaker 1: a plant where they create this stuff, a place called 143 00:09:12,200 --> 00:09:18,160 Speaker 1: Verir Mork, and their work was created in like Mordor. 144 00:09:18,880 --> 00:09:21,560 Speaker 1: It sounds like a very sounds like a very evil 145 00:09:21,760 --> 00:09:25,080 Speaker 1: you know, sour Man hitlerresque name. 146 00:09:25,240 --> 00:09:25,920 Speaker 2: It really does. 147 00:09:26,120 --> 00:09:29,040 Speaker 1: Did you ever see that Mitchell and Webb sketch where 148 00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:31,160 Speaker 1: they say are we the baddies? Oh? 149 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:35,480 Speaker 2: Yeah, of course, because the skull hats like Bond villains, right, 150 00:09:35,520 --> 00:09:37,800 Speaker 2: But they're confused about where they fit into the story. 151 00:09:38,040 --> 00:09:39,920 Speaker 1: I feel like you were going to say something that 152 00:09:40,400 --> 00:09:42,199 Speaker 1: pertained to our episode, though, so I don't. 153 00:09:42,240 --> 00:09:43,600 Speaker 2: I don't want to roll over, Oh All, I was 154 00:09:43,600 --> 00:09:44,720 Speaker 2: going to know, you're not at all, Ben. All I 155 00:09:44,760 --> 00:09:47,040 Speaker 2: was going to say is they got this place by 156 00:09:47,200 --> 00:09:52,040 Speaker 2: invading another place. But they actually acquired this this very 157 00:09:52,080 --> 00:09:56,640 Speaker 2: sinister sounding plant. It's called the Vemmork Chemical Plant, and 158 00:09:56,720 --> 00:10:01,319 Speaker 2: it was in Telemark County in Norway, which was occupied 159 00:10:01,400 --> 00:10:04,200 Speaker 2: by the Nazis at this point in World War two, 160 00:10:04,240 --> 00:10:08,240 Speaker 2: and it became a very important strategic stronghold for them. 161 00:10:08,280 --> 00:10:10,640 Speaker 2: It was built like a fortress and they were able 162 00:10:10,679 --> 00:10:12,800 Speaker 2: to use the fact that it was a chemical plant 163 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:17,000 Speaker 2: to help aid their research and to produce this heavy water. 164 00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:22,960 Speaker 1: Absolutely, this plant was already producing heavy water through the thirties. 165 00:10:23,280 --> 00:10:26,600 Speaker 1: By January nineteen thirty five, it produced more than one 166 00:10:26,679 --> 00:10:31,280 Speaker 1: hundred grams of this substance. But after the Germans seized 167 00:10:31,320 --> 00:10:34,679 Speaker 1: the plant, they forced the workers to increase the production 168 00:10:34,760 --> 00:10:37,360 Speaker 1: of heavy water because they needed this moderate See. 169 00:10:37,400 --> 00:10:39,160 Speaker 2: I did not know that, Ben, I know that they 170 00:10:39,160 --> 00:10:41,160 Speaker 2: were already making it there because it's sort of a 171 00:10:41,160 --> 00:10:45,120 Speaker 2: weird thing to make. It's what other purpose does it 172 00:10:45,160 --> 00:10:48,880 Speaker 2: serve chemically or in some kind of industrial manufacturing process. 173 00:10:48,880 --> 00:10:52,600 Speaker 1: Do you know, man, maybe the Norwegians just had a 174 00:10:52,640 --> 00:10:55,360 Speaker 1: pet peeve about ice cubes that float. Maybe they thought 175 00:10:55,360 --> 00:10:59,160 Speaker 1: they were insolent. That seems very expensive. That's true. That's 176 00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:01,400 Speaker 1: a good point. Maybe that's what SmartWater is. 177 00:11:01,679 --> 00:11:04,599 Speaker 2: And maybe maybe they also added like extra electrolytes and 178 00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:08,920 Speaker 2: all that. Yeah, yeah, well, plant's grave. It's true. So 179 00:11:09,520 --> 00:11:13,640 Speaker 2: here's the thing. This is the lynch pen in the 180 00:11:13,720 --> 00:11:17,439 Speaker 2: Nazis plan to develop this weapon, and they're pretty far 181 00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:20,439 Speaker 2: along in their research and this stuff that they have 182 00:11:20,520 --> 00:11:24,840 Speaker 2: to have a pretty sizable manufacturing chemical plant to produce. 183 00:11:25,679 --> 00:11:28,600 Speaker 2: They need it to make the weapon that they will 184 00:11:28,640 --> 00:11:29,840 Speaker 2: it won't do without it. 185 00:11:30,280 --> 00:11:33,760 Speaker 1: Right right, And British intelligence learns about this through some 186 00:11:33,840 --> 00:11:39,119 Speaker 1: connections to the plant and some connections to Norwegian domestic 187 00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:43,320 Speaker 1: resistance parties. So they hear that the Germans want to 188 00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:47,400 Speaker 1: increase the production during the summer of nineteen forty one, 189 00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:51,320 Speaker 1: and they get this via message from the Norwegian underground. 190 00:11:52,000 --> 00:11:56,079 Speaker 1: There's a guy who obtains this for the British named 191 00:11:56,280 --> 00:12:02,040 Speaker 1: leaf Tronstud and he a non famously corresponds with the 192 00:12:02,040 --> 00:12:06,400 Speaker 1: British forces, you know, to preserve his identity, and they 193 00:12:06,480 --> 00:12:11,280 Speaker 1: begin to hatch a plan. The British say, well, let's 194 00:12:11,280 --> 00:12:20,520 Speaker 1: engage in some good old sabotage. Sabotage itself has a 195 00:12:20,640 --> 00:12:22,120 Speaker 1: very interesting etymology. 196 00:12:22,440 --> 00:12:23,040 Speaker 2: What is it? 197 00:12:23,120 --> 00:12:28,400 Speaker 1: So sabotage comes from French? I believe Casey, is that correct? 198 00:12:29,040 --> 00:12:29,719 Speaker 4: Like saboteur? 199 00:12:30,240 --> 00:12:33,640 Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, that's okay. So this is interesting. I don't 200 00:12:33,679 --> 00:12:37,400 Speaker 1: know if you had heard the etymology of sabotage before, Casey, 201 00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:38,440 Speaker 1: I feel like you probably have. 202 00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:41,120 Speaker 4: Nah, nothing's coming to mind right now. 203 00:12:41,640 --> 00:12:47,000 Speaker 1: So it meant it's always meant deliberately and maliciously destroying property. 204 00:12:47,080 --> 00:12:51,559 Speaker 1: Right The apparent story I can't verify here is that 205 00:12:51,600 --> 00:12:56,200 Speaker 1: the modern meaning derives from strikers who allegedly had this 206 00:12:56,320 --> 00:13:01,079 Speaker 1: tactic of throwing shoes into machinery. But this is apparently 207 00:13:01,160 --> 00:13:03,600 Speaker 1: not the you know, again, this is just a fun 208 00:13:03,640 --> 00:13:06,760 Speaker 1: story about it. We don't know exactly where it comes from, 209 00:13:06,760 --> 00:13:09,640 Speaker 1: but it is related to the word shoe allegedly. 210 00:13:09,480 --> 00:13:11,959 Speaker 2: So like throwing your shoe into like the gears of 211 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:15,000 Speaker 2: a machine or something like that. That's very you know, 212 00:13:15,040 --> 00:13:16,600 Speaker 2: it makes me think of like the whole like throwing 213 00:13:16,600 --> 00:13:20,160 Speaker 2: a monkey wrench into the works. Yeah, yeah, exactly, as 214 00:13:20,200 --> 00:13:21,959 Speaker 2: it causes the gears to grind to a halt. 215 00:13:22,559 --> 00:13:26,600 Speaker 1: So they wanted to They wanted to engage in some 216 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:31,600 Speaker 1: good old fashioned sabotage, and they had a secret unit 217 00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:34,880 Speaker 1: that was accomplished at this called the Special Operations Executive 218 00:13:35,480 --> 00:13:40,240 Speaker 1: or sometimes called the Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare. 219 00:13:41,520 --> 00:13:45,360 Speaker 2: Is that like the League of Extraordinary Gentlemen. Yeah? 220 00:13:45,480 --> 00:13:52,000 Speaker 1: Yeah, they train people to conduct covert sabotage missions. 221 00:13:52,120 --> 00:13:54,760 Speaker 2: I love the idea of that as being ungentlemanly. Yes, 222 00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:56,640 Speaker 2: it's not like coming right to your face and doing 223 00:13:56,720 --> 00:14:00,720 Speaker 2: us doing it like under cover of night around dirty Pool, 224 00:14:00,760 --> 00:14:03,520 Speaker 2: old Man, dirty Pool, dirty Pool. 225 00:14:03,800 --> 00:14:07,720 Speaker 1: They had a Norwegian branch of the Special Operations Executive 226 00:14:08,120 --> 00:14:12,160 Speaker 1: and they recruited various Norwegians who have fled to England 227 00:14:12,240 --> 00:14:16,520 Speaker 1: after Germany invaded their country in nineteen forty and they 228 00:14:16,760 --> 00:14:21,200 Speaker 1: had this crazy training regimen in Scotland. They had to 229 00:14:21,240 --> 00:14:24,640 Speaker 1: train under cover of night to climb mountains, ford rivers, 230 00:14:25,040 --> 00:14:28,520 Speaker 1: camp outdoors for weeks. These guys are being made into 231 00:14:28,600 --> 00:14:32,320 Speaker 1: rangers almost, you know. Yeah, but they're rangers with a 232 00:14:32,440 --> 00:14:35,440 Speaker 1: very particular skill set. They're ski rangers. 233 00:14:36,040 --> 00:14:39,200 Speaker 2: Yes, yes, tell us a little more about that. Well, 234 00:14:39,280 --> 00:14:41,600 Speaker 2: I will let me you know what in fact, I'm 235 00:14:41,640 --> 00:14:44,040 Speaker 2: gonna I'm gonna do it better than tell you. I'm 236 00:14:44,040 --> 00:14:45,920 Speaker 2: going to do a reading for you from a book 237 00:14:46,200 --> 00:14:50,080 Speaker 2: titled The Winter Fortress, The Epic Mission to Sabotage Hitler's 238 00:14:50,120 --> 00:14:53,280 Speaker 2: Atomic Bomb by Neil Bascom, mis will paint the pictures 239 00:14:53,280 --> 00:14:57,000 Speaker 2: will tell you exactly what these guys did. Nazi occupied 240 00:14:57,080 --> 00:15:03,080 Speaker 2: Norway in a staggered line, saboteurs cut across the mountain slope. 241 00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:06,240 Speaker 2: Instinct more than the dim light of the moon guided 242 00:15:06,280 --> 00:15:09,800 Speaker 2: the young men. They threaded through the stands of pine 243 00:15:09,920 --> 00:15:13,640 Speaker 2: and traversed down the sharp, uneven terrain, much of it 244 00:15:13,760 --> 00:15:17,680 Speaker 2: parked with empty hollows and thick drifts of snow. Dressed 245 00:15:17,720 --> 00:15:21,120 Speaker 2: in white camouflage suits over their British Army uniforms, the 246 00:15:21,240 --> 00:15:25,040 Speaker 2: men looked like phantoms haunting the woods. They moved as 247 00:15:25,120 --> 00:15:28,920 Speaker 2: quietly as ghosts. The silence broke only by the swoosh 248 00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:31,440 Speaker 2: of their skis and the occasional slap of a pole 249 00:15:31,520 --> 00:15:35,760 Speaker 2: against an unseen branch. The warm, steady wind that blew 250 00:15:35,840 --> 00:15:39,760 Speaker 2: through the vest Fjord valley dampened even these sounds. It 251 00:15:39,800 --> 00:15:43,240 Speaker 2: was the same wind that would, eventually, they hoped, blow 252 00:15:43,280 --> 00:15:47,800 Speaker 2: their tracks away. So Yeah, they did super badass downhill 253 00:15:47,840 --> 00:15:53,120 Speaker 2: skiing in order to stealthily approach this facility. Because you see, 254 00:15:53,240 --> 00:15:56,720 Speaker 2: there had actually been two previous attempts, failed attempts to 255 00:15:56,920 --> 00:15:59,120 Speaker 2: do exactly what these guys were setting out to do 256 00:15:59,280 --> 00:16:01,760 Speaker 2: on their skis. One of them was called Operation Grouse, 257 00:16:01,800 --> 00:16:04,800 Speaker 2: and then one was called Operation Freshmen, in which forty 258 00:16:05,080 --> 00:16:10,520 Speaker 2: two British Allied soldiers died in a botched mission where 259 00:16:10,560 --> 00:16:13,680 Speaker 2: they were going to kind of gain entry to the 260 00:16:13,680 --> 00:16:18,080 Speaker 2: facility using gliders that had been deployed from planes. 261 00:16:18,400 --> 00:16:21,560 Speaker 1: Right, so they had a little bit of internal tension. 262 00:16:22,560 --> 00:16:26,800 Speaker 1: Bombing the plant was the preferred tactic of the American military, 263 00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:30,600 Speaker 1: but Tronsta was opposed to this because if the bombs 264 00:16:30,680 --> 00:16:35,080 Speaker 1: hit the liquid ammonia storage tanks, the civilian population nearby 265 00:16:35,200 --> 00:16:39,120 Speaker 1: would be at risk. And secondly, bombing might not even 266 00:16:39,160 --> 00:16:42,080 Speaker 1: destroy the heavy water facilities because they were in the 267 00:16:42,120 --> 00:16:45,160 Speaker 1: basement of the plant under layers and layers of concrete. 268 00:16:45,400 --> 00:16:47,360 Speaker 1: So they had to actually send people in. 269 00:16:47,760 --> 00:16:48,080 Speaker 2: First. 270 00:16:48,120 --> 00:16:51,160 Speaker 1: They sent in Grouse, which was a small scout team. 271 00:16:51,280 --> 00:16:54,760 Speaker 1: They parachuted from a plane, They landed in the area, 272 00:16:54,960 --> 00:16:58,440 Speaker 1: and they started literally sneaking around. After they had been 273 00:16:58,440 --> 00:17:01,600 Speaker 1: there for a month. In November nineteen forty two, Operation 274 00:17:01,760 --> 00:17:06,840 Speaker 1: Freshmen launched these thirty nine British air troops carried by 275 00:17:06,880 --> 00:17:10,320 Speaker 1: two military gliders. The idea is that they would land 276 00:17:10,359 --> 00:17:13,760 Speaker 1: near the plant using the information provided by the scouting 277 00:17:13,760 --> 00:17:17,280 Speaker 1: group Grouse, and then they would attack. But the weather 278 00:17:17,560 --> 00:17:21,320 Speaker 1: was terrible, they had communication issues. One of the gliders 279 00:17:21,359 --> 00:17:25,159 Speaker 1: crashed into a mountain, the other crash landed way off course. 280 00:17:26,040 --> 00:17:29,159 Speaker 1: Everyone that was in the glider that hit the mountain 281 00:17:29,400 --> 00:17:32,280 Speaker 1: died in the crash. Some of the soldiers in the 282 00:17:32,320 --> 00:17:35,280 Speaker 1: second glider died and their crash law was off target. 283 00:17:35,520 --> 00:17:39,280 Speaker 1: The others were caught and executed by the Gestapo. Additionally, 284 00:17:39,359 --> 00:17:43,320 Speaker 1: German forces found a map that identified Vermork as a 285 00:17:43,400 --> 00:17:48,680 Speaker 1: British target, but there was still some hope. The Germans 286 00:17:48,680 --> 00:17:51,160 Speaker 1: were not able to find and capture the group known 287 00:17:51,240 --> 00:17:55,600 Speaker 1: as Grouse. They had remained in the wilderness, living off 288 00:17:55,640 --> 00:18:00,639 Speaker 1: the land, hunting reindeer to survive and they were renamed Swallow. 289 00:18:01,240 --> 00:18:05,320 Speaker 1: Three months pass and the Swallowed group gets word from 290 00:18:05,359 --> 00:18:08,960 Speaker 1: Britain that there are six more Norwegians who are going 291 00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:11,840 Speaker 1: to be sent to take out this plant in something 292 00:18:11,960 --> 00:18:16,480 Speaker 1: called Operation gunner Side. This was a small group of 293 00:18:16,560 --> 00:18:21,040 Speaker 1: Norwegian commandos from the Norwegian branch of the SOE. They 294 00:18:21,040 --> 00:18:24,080 Speaker 1: were going to parachute straight to the target zone instead 295 00:18:24,080 --> 00:18:26,000 Speaker 1: of using a glider. They were going to meet up 296 00:18:26,040 --> 00:18:29,240 Speaker 1: with the Swallows and then together they were going to 297 00:18:29,440 --> 00:18:33,200 Speaker 1: raid the Vermoch plant. So they jumped from a plane 298 00:18:33,400 --> 00:18:39,159 Speaker 1: while it's snowing February sixteenth, nineteen forty three. They dressed 299 00:18:39,160 --> 00:18:43,919 Speaker 1: in British uniforms under their snowsuits because they thought, you know, 300 00:18:44,119 --> 00:18:47,240 Speaker 1: if we get caught, we're almost certainly going to be 301 00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:50,000 Speaker 1: tortured and then die. But we would like them to 302 00:18:50,080 --> 00:18:53,679 Speaker 1: blame the British instead of the Norwegian resistance, so that 303 00:18:53,760 --> 00:18:58,119 Speaker 1: the Germans won't kill Norwegian civilians. They survived by the 304 00:18:58,119 --> 00:19:01,000 Speaker 1: way they landed my away from where they were. 305 00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:01,520 Speaker 2: Supposed to be. 306 00:19:02,080 --> 00:19:05,199 Speaker 1: They traveled for five days and then they connected with 307 00:19:05,240 --> 00:19:09,000 Speaker 1: their friends Grouse now named Swallow, and then they began 308 00:19:09,080 --> 00:19:11,960 Speaker 1: their raid on February twenty seventh, nineteen forty three. 309 00:19:12,119 --> 00:19:16,719 Speaker 2: That's right, ben so Gunnerside. The Gunnerside group decided that 310 00:19:16,760 --> 00:19:20,440 Speaker 2: there were three ways to access the plan. They knew 311 00:19:20,440 --> 00:19:23,159 Speaker 2: they had to rely on stealth. One of them was 312 00:19:23,200 --> 00:19:26,280 Speaker 2: to come down from the mountains which overlooked the plant, 313 00:19:26,640 --> 00:19:28,720 Speaker 2: but that was covered in minefields. And then they also 314 00:19:28,800 --> 00:19:34,680 Speaker 2: had to cross a incredibly fortified and heavily guarded suspension bridge. 315 00:19:34,840 --> 00:19:36,240 Speaker 2: And then they had to get to the bottom where 316 00:19:36,240 --> 00:19:39,520 Speaker 2: there was a gorge that led to a railway line 317 00:19:39,560 --> 00:19:43,640 Speaker 2: that they could follow alongside of to get to an 318 00:19:43,640 --> 00:19:46,520 Speaker 2: area that was a lot less heavily policed. 319 00:19:46,880 --> 00:19:51,840 Speaker 1: Yeah, and they broke through a fence. You can see 320 00:19:51,880 --> 00:19:56,080 Speaker 1: an interview about this with a guy named Newt Hyklid 321 00:19:56,520 --> 00:19:59,960 Speaker 1: in the New York Times. They broke through a fence 322 00:20:00,080 --> 00:20:03,359 Speaker 1: and then they divided their group into a five man 323 00:20:03,359 --> 00:20:07,399 Speaker 1: cover squad a four man explosives group. The explosives guys 324 00:20:07,480 --> 00:20:09,719 Speaker 1: wanted to enter the plant through a side door, but 325 00:20:09,760 --> 00:20:13,000 Speaker 1: the door was locked, and they tried to find a 326 00:20:13,040 --> 00:20:18,560 Speaker 1: side access tunnel, but they started getting divided. 327 00:20:18,720 --> 00:20:20,520 Speaker 2: Call it the fog of war. 328 00:20:21,320 --> 00:20:26,560 Speaker 1: Once they got in, they started placing explosive charges next 329 00:20:26,560 --> 00:20:30,600 Speaker 1: to the heavy water production cells, and they had to 330 00:20:31,359 --> 00:20:34,520 Speaker 1: they had to improvise a little bit. The explosives were 331 00:20:34,560 --> 00:20:38,160 Speaker 1: supposed to have two minute fuses, but they cut them 332 00:20:38,200 --> 00:20:41,399 Speaker 1: to make them thirty second fuses, so they had thirty 333 00:20:41,440 --> 00:20:46,840 Speaker 1: seconds to run away. And so after they have successfully 334 00:20:46,840 --> 00:20:51,359 Speaker 1: destroyed the heavy water facility. They flee and they say, hey, guys, 335 00:20:51,480 --> 00:20:53,920 Speaker 1: bonus points, let's try to get out of here alive. 336 00:20:54,320 --> 00:20:57,919 Speaker 1: So they hop back on the skis and they ski 337 00:20:58,040 --> 00:21:02,160 Speaker 1: toward town. They reach a mountain plateau and they split up. 338 00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:07,120 Speaker 1: They travel more than two hundred miles. The four man 339 00:21:07,160 --> 00:21:09,359 Speaker 1: explosive team on skis too sweet. 340 00:21:09,680 --> 00:21:15,800 Speaker 2: Yeah, neutral, neutral, Neutral Sweden, Land of modern furniture and 341 00:21:15,960 --> 00:21:21,000 Speaker 2: meatballs and neutrality and the chocolate. Many many things are 342 00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:22,560 Speaker 2: good about Sweden. But those are the things that come 343 00:21:22,560 --> 00:21:25,400 Speaker 2: to mind for me. But here's the thing. They did 344 00:21:25,440 --> 00:21:28,680 Speaker 2: not fire a single shot. They were able to capitalize 345 00:21:28,680 --> 00:21:31,760 Speaker 2: on the chaos that those explosions created and high tail 346 00:21:31,840 --> 00:21:35,160 Speaker 2: it out of there on their skis, get to neutral Sweden, 347 00:21:35,400 --> 00:21:39,119 Speaker 2: and then ultimately get back to get back home alive. 348 00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:41,960 Speaker 2: And these were men who were going into the situation 349 00:21:42,400 --> 00:21:45,800 Speaker 2: fully aware that they might not make it out out alive. 350 00:21:45,840 --> 00:21:48,359 Speaker 2: As you can tell, this is a pretty intrepid mission. 351 00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:51,119 Speaker 2: Doesn't really fall under a ridiculous for me as much 352 00:21:51,160 --> 00:21:55,600 Speaker 2: as it does totally badass. Maybe the idea of stealth 353 00:21:55,760 --> 00:21:59,000 Speaker 2: spy types on skis is a little funny, but man, 354 00:21:59,119 --> 00:22:03,919 Speaker 2: what a what bravery These guys exhibited, and to have 355 00:22:04,040 --> 00:22:05,920 Speaker 2: it go so well is so rare. 356 00:22:06,440 --> 00:22:09,320 Speaker 1: How long does it take to ski two hundred miles? 357 00:22:09,440 --> 00:22:12,080 Speaker 2: Yeah, I don't know. I don't know. 358 00:22:12,440 --> 00:22:15,920 Speaker 1: Yeah, I want the Proclaimers to do a version of 359 00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:25,120 Speaker 1: their song about this. So Operation Gunner's Side was initially 360 00:22:25,200 --> 00:22:28,240 Speaker 1: a success. It did cause German forces to lose five 361 00:22:28,359 --> 00:22:32,080 Speaker 1: hundred kilograms of heavy water and it knocked the plan 362 00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:34,920 Speaker 1: out of action for a few months. Unfortunately, by May 363 00:22:34,960 --> 00:22:38,240 Speaker 1: of nineteen forty three, the facilities were rebuilt and they 364 00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:40,040 Speaker 1: were back in the heavy water game. 365 00:22:40,359 --> 00:22:43,400 Speaker 2: I see a message board here on J two ski 366 00:22:43,800 --> 00:22:46,760 Speaker 2: dot com where someone talks about completing a ski marathon 367 00:22:47,080 --> 00:22:50,560 Speaker 2: at one hundred and thirty kilometers in two days. Okay, 368 00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:53,760 Speaker 2: so that's faster than walking. Yeah, well that's about That's 369 00:22:53,760 --> 00:22:56,160 Speaker 2: about it. One hundred and thirty kilometers more than a mile, 370 00:22:56,280 --> 00:22:58,480 Speaker 2: So this would probably take like maybe four days. 371 00:22:58,760 --> 00:23:01,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, that's about on base, because one hundred and forty 372 00:23:01,560 --> 00:23:03,480 Speaker 1: kilometers is about eighty seven miles. 373 00:23:04,080 --> 00:23:06,840 Speaker 2: There's also a lot depends on the terrain, and I 374 00:23:07,040 --> 00:23:10,119 Speaker 2: gotta wonder if they had to maybe hoof it occasionally. 375 00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:11,520 Speaker 1: If it is if that yeah, or if it was 376 00:23:11,680 --> 00:23:15,480 Speaker 1: literally a two hundred mile completely downhill route to sweet It's. 377 00:23:15,320 --> 00:23:18,480 Speaker 2: Just a bunny slope, nothing to it, so pretty cool. 378 00:23:18,560 --> 00:23:19,520 Speaker 2: Huh m hm. 379 00:23:19,760 --> 00:23:24,600 Speaker 1: And we hope that you enjoyed the story of Operation 380 00:23:25,080 --> 00:23:27,760 Speaker 1: Gunner's Side. If you don't know how to ski yet, 381 00:23:27,880 --> 00:23:30,040 Speaker 1: I mean, hey, it's never too late to pick up 382 00:23:30,040 --> 00:23:34,560 Speaker 1: a new skill set. But before we go, I have 383 00:23:34,680 --> 00:23:37,000 Speaker 1: some breaking news. I've been told that we have an 384 00:23:37,119 --> 00:23:41,040 Speaker 1: update on our etymology conversation. Is that correct, Casey? 385 00:23:41,359 --> 00:23:42,080 Speaker 2: That is correct? 386 00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:46,880 Speaker 4: So I did look into the etymology of sabatur or sabotage, 387 00:23:47,480 --> 00:23:51,359 Speaker 4: and it does seem to derive from the word the 388 00:23:51,400 --> 00:23:55,000 Speaker 4: French word sabo for a wooden shoe or a clog. 389 00:23:55,800 --> 00:23:58,600 Speaker 2: So see that that would cause some damage. 390 00:23:58,760 --> 00:24:01,040 Speaker 4: Absolutely, yeah, that would that would grind the gears or. 391 00:24:01,080 --> 00:24:04,280 Speaker 2: What have you. Literally, hey, so it looks like Casey 392 00:24:04,359 --> 00:24:06,440 Speaker 2: on the Case the segment. We never closed it out 393 00:24:06,520 --> 00:24:09,880 Speaker 2: last time, so let's close it now, Casey on the Case. 394 00:24:11,720 --> 00:24:13,159 Speaker 2: And I do want to point out too, when we 395 00:24:13,240 --> 00:24:16,560 Speaker 2: talk about how intrepid these these guys were. They all 396 00:24:16,720 --> 00:24:20,960 Speaker 2: were equipped with you know, weapons and survival gear, but 397 00:24:21,040 --> 00:24:23,200 Speaker 2: they had to travel lightly because they did not have 398 00:24:23,280 --> 00:24:26,600 Speaker 2: any vehicle support outside of themselves and their their legs 399 00:24:26,640 --> 00:24:30,000 Speaker 2: and their skis. They also had cyanide pills on them 400 00:24:30,119 --> 00:24:31,560 Speaker 2: and so they couldn't be taken alive. 401 00:24:32,119 --> 00:24:34,360 Speaker 1: I mean, you know, we've all been in that kind 402 00:24:34,359 --> 00:24:37,760 Speaker 1: of situation at some point. It's just like the boy 403 00:24:37,880 --> 00:24:40,440 Speaker 1: Scouts say, you have to be prepared or excuse me. 404 00:24:40,520 --> 00:24:42,359 Speaker 1: I think it's just the Scouts now, isn't it. 405 00:24:42,800 --> 00:24:44,639 Speaker 2: Yeah, that's right, that's right, that's right. 406 00:24:45,080 --> 00:24:49,160 Speaker 1: We hope that you have enjoyed this episode, and we would, 407 00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:53,159 Speaker 1: of course, as always, like to thank our super producer, Casey. 408 00:24:53,359 --> 00:24:55,320 Speaker 1: You know, I always want to give you a nickname, 409 00:24:55,359 --> 00:24:57,320 Speaker 1: and I always stop myself. Do you want to be 410 00:24:57,400 --> 00:24:58,040 Speaker 1: the saboteur? 411 00:24:58,359 --> 00:25:00,320 Speaker 2: Oh? I like that idea? Yeah, I to it. I 412 00:25:00,359 --> 00:25:01,680 Speaker 2: support that wholeheartedly. Yeah. 413 00:25:01,760 --> 00:25:04,800 Speaker 1: So we'd like to thank our super producer, Casey, the 414 00:25:04,880 --> 00:25:06,120 Speaker 1: sabato of Pegrum. 415 00:25:06,400 --> 00:25:08,480 Speaker 2: I would like to thank Alex Williams, who composed our theme. 416 00:25:08,520 --> 00:25:11,360 Speaker 2: We'd like to thank Gabe, our research associate. Ben. I'd 417 00:25:11,440 --> 00:25:14,120 Speaker 2: like to thank you for being a friend traveling down 418 00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:17,920 Speaker 2: that road, whether on skis or on foot, and possibly 419 00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:20,000 Speaker 2: back again. Unless it's uphill and you're expected to do 420 00:25:20,040 --> 00:25:21,639 Speaker 2: it on skis, that's not going to work. I love 421 00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:23,800 Speaker 2: playing that song. My cats are so sick of me 422 00:25:23,920 --> 00:25:25,880 Speaker 2: playing that. It's a good show too. It really holds 423 00:25:25,960 --> 00:25:26,840 Speaker 2: up very forward thinking. 424 00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:29,680 Speaker 1: It does surprisingly watching it when I was very young 425 00:25:29,800 --> 00:25:32,240 Speaker 1: with my grandmother, I enjoyed it, but I think I 426 00:25:32,359 --> 00:25:36,280 Speaker 1: didn't get most of the jokes. So now it's Blanche 427 00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:41,359 Speaker 1: is a dirty, dirty, dirty personality, but lovable and hey, 428 00:25:41,480 --> 00:25:43,240 Speaker 1: maybe that's the way you think of us. 429 00:25:43,480 --> 00:25:47,520 Speaker 2: If so, let us know, or if not, you could 430 00:25:47,640 --> 00:25:49,119 Speaker 2: just write to us. We are on. 431 00:25:49,320 --> 00:25:51,760 Speaker 1: Instagram, we are on Facebook, we are on Twitter. You 432 00:25:51,840 --> 00:25:54,200 Speaker 1: can meet our favorite part of the show, your fellow 433 00:25:54,320 --> 00:25:57,800 Speaker 1: listeners on our Facebook page Ridiculous Historians. 434 00:25:57,880 --> 00:26:00,880 Speaker 2: You hit me personally on Instagram at embryon Insider, where 435 00:26:00,920 --> 00:26:03,359 Speaker 2: I post you know, cat pictures and the like, and 436 00:26:03,440 --> 00:26:04,960 Speaker 2: then Ben, I believe you're on there as well. 437 00:26:05,320 --> 00:26:09,920 Speaker 1: The rumors are true. You can see my various misadventures 438 00:26:10,440 --> 00:26:15,840 Speaker 1: that involve, frankly, all kinds of weird stuff, from travel 439 00:26:15,960 --> 00:26:20,520 Speaker 1: to mysterious investigations to god, I don't know, there was 440 00:26:20,560 --> 00:26:21,520 Speaker 1: a time when I was going. 441 00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:22,560 Speaker 2: Through a lot of puppet pictures. 442 00:26:22,920 --> 00:26:26,720 Speaker 1: Either way, that's at Ben Bowling, And of course, if 443 00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:30,120 Speaker 1: you want to check out our weird t shirts based 444 00:26:30,160 --> 00:26:33,520 Speaker 1: on puns and catchphrases that we are cartoonishly enamored of. 445 00:26:34,280 --> 00:26:37,640 Speaker 1: Visit us at our store on Ridiculous Historyshow dot. 446 00:26:37,600 --> 00:26:41,480 Speaker 2: Com the Tea Public Store, and join us. Next time. 447 00:26:41,520 --> 00:26:43,400 Speaker 2: We'll talk about some other stuff. We haven't quite gotten 448 00:26:43,480 --> 00:26:45,240 Speaker 2: that far ahead yet, but we'll get there. We will 449 00:26:45,400 --> 00:26:55,800 Speaker 2: see that. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, 450 00:26:55,840 --> 00:26:58,919 Speaker 2: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.