1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,280 Speaker 1: Hey y'all. We're rerunning two episodes today, which means you 2 00:00:03,400 --> 00:00:07,480 Speaker 1: might hear two hosts. Enjoy the show. Welcome to this 3 00:00:07,560 --> 00:00:10,200 Speaker 1: Day in History Class from how Stuff Works dot com 4 00:00:10,280 --> 00:00:12,760 Speaker 1: and from the desk of Stuff you Missed in History Class. 5 00:00:12,800 --> 00:00:15,080 Speaker 1: It's the show where we explore the past, one day 6 00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:17,160 Speaker 1: at a time with a quick look at what happened 7 00:00:17,200 --> 00:00:24,400 Speaker 1: today in history. Welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy V. 8 00:00:24,520 --> 00:00:28,080 Speaker 1: Wilson and it's August eleven and Lister wrote her first 9 00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:31,120 Speaker 1: diary entry on this day in eighteen oh six. You 10 00:00:31,200 --> 00:00:33,879 Speaker 1: might not have heard of Anne Lister's diary, but you 11 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:37,680 Speaker 1: might have heard of Samuel Peep's diary. Samuel Peeps started 12 00:00:37,760 --> 00:00:40,400 Speaker 1: keeping a diary on January one of sixteen sixty and 13 00:00:40,400 --> 00:00:44,120 Speaker 1: it became this really fascinating and sometimes hilarious chronicle of 14 00:00:44,159 --> 00:00:47,080 Speaker 1: life in London, along with news from other major cities. 15 00:00:47,360 --> 00:00:49,720 Speaker 1: Now it's a required reading and a lot of English 16 00:00:49,720 --> 00:00:53,960 Speaker 1: classes and history classes and listens. Diaries did the same thing. 17 00:00:54,240 --> 00:00:56,920 Speaker 1: There are chronicle of what life was like in Halifax, 18 00:00:57,000 --> 00:01:00,560 Speaker 1: West Yorkshire and the greater world from a in seventeen 19 00:01:00,600 --> 00:01:03,720 Speaker 1: to eighteen forty. Some of this is her own personal life. 20 00:01:03,800 --> 00:01:06,319 Speaker 1: What was going on at her family home of Shipton Hall. 21 00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:10,760 Speaker 1: There's reports to the weather, conversations with workmen, disputes with 22 00:01:10,800 --> 00:01:14,840 Speaker 1: the neighbors, local news and happenings. But also these diaries 23 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:20,959 Speaker 1: document her many romantic relationships with other women. On January one, 24 00:01:21,040 --> 00:01:25,000 Speaker 1: she wrote quote, I love and only love the fairer sex, 25 00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:28,560 Speaker 1: and thus beloved by them. In turn, my heart revolts 26 00:01:28,600 --> 00:01:33,120 Speaker 1: from any other love than their's, especially in her early years, 27 00:01:33,400 --> 00:01:36,600 Speaker 1: so a lot of these relationships were very tumultuous. Her 28 00:01:36,640 --> 00:01:40,400 Speaker 1: first love, Eliza Rain, tragically spent a lot of her 29 00:01:40,440 --> 00:01:43,720 Speaker 1: life in an institution after her relationship with Anne So 30 00:01:43,880 --> 00:01:48,960 Speaker 1: and does not always come off very well in these diaries, 31 00:01:49,480 --> 00:01:52,480 Speaker 1: but they're so important. She kept them up for more 32 00:01:52,520 --> 00:01:55,280 Speaker 1: than twenty years and they went on for thousands of pages, 33 00:01:55,320 --> 00:01:57,480 Speaker 1: and they give us a look at the inner life 34 00:01:57,560 --> 00:01:59,960 Speaker 1: of a woman that some people describe as the first 35 00:02:00,120 --> 00:02:03,840 Speaker 1: modern lesbian, at a time when the word lesbian wasn't 36 00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:06,920 Speaker 1: even being used in this way. She was so far 37 00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:09,600 Speaker 1: ahead of her time in so many ways. She ran 38 00:02:09,680 --> 00:02:13,359 Speaker 1: the estate at Shibden Hall, including a coal mining operation, 39 00:02:13,440 --> 00:02:16,639 Speaker 1: which was not a typical occupation for a woman at all, 40 00:02:17,120 --> 00:02:19,880 Speaker 1: but she also had a sense that her attraction to 41 00:02:19,919 --> 00:02:23,919 Speaker 1: other women was this intrinsic part of herself, that it 42 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:27,200 Speaker 1: meant something about her, and this was at a time 43 00:02:27,240 --> 00:02:31,880 Speaker 1: when society at large had no concept of sexual orientation 44 00:02:32,320 --> 00:02:36,880 Speaker 1: or a lesbian identity. She also traveled really extensively in 45 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:40,840 Speaker 1: places that were not really expected for women to be 46 00:02:40,919 --> 00:02:44,560 Speaker 1: traveling unaccompanied by any man or at all. In her 47 00:02:44,639 --> 00:02:46,880 Speaker 1: later years, this was in the company of her wife 48 00:02:47,080 --> 00:02:50,520 Speaker 1: and walker. So it's true there was no legal framework 49 00:02:50,600 --> 00:02:52,760 Speaker 1: for two women to be married to each other, but 50 00:02:52,840 --> 00:02:56,320 Speaker 1: the two hands exchanged rings at the Holy Trinity Church 51 00:02:56,680 --> 00:03:00,000 Speaker 1: in goodram Gate in York on Easter Sunday eighteen thirty four, 52 00:03:00,160 --> 00:03:03,040 Speaker 1: and from that point on they lived together clearly as 53 00:03:03,040 --> 00:03:06,360 Speaker 1: a married couple, including renting a pew together in the 54 00:03:06,400 --> 00:03:09,360 Speaker 1: front row of their parish church. There are a couple 55 00:03:09,400 --> 00:03:12,400 Speaker 1: of editions of Anne Lister's diaries that are in print 56 00:03:12,440 --> 00:03:16,399 Speaker 1: today where people can read selections from them. A lot 57 00:03:16,440 --> 00:03:20,280 Speaker 1: of the material is from her relatively earlier life and 58 00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:24,240 Speaker 1: from her travels. It's not all that likely that there 59 00:03:24,280 --> 00:03:28,639 Speaker 1: will be a comprehensive edition of the entire diaries anytime 60 00:03:28,639 --> 00:03:32,200 Speaker 1: in the near future. Number One, they are extremely long, 61 00:03:32,560 --> 00:03:35,920 Speaker 1: Her handwriting is also quite a challenge to read, which 62 00:03:35,920 --> 00:03:40,080 Speaker 1: makes transcribing the diaries a little difficult. There's also that 63 00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:43,480 Speaker 1: whole matter of code. Thanks to Terry Harrison for her 64 00:03:43,520 --> 00:03:47,160 Speaker 1: audio skills on these episodes, and you can learn more 65 00:03:47,160 --> 00:03:50,520 Speaker 1: about Anne Lister, including what happened when her diaries were 66 00:03:50,560 --> 00:03:53,760 Speaker 1: first decoded in the late nineteenth century, because she did 67 00:03:53,760 --> 00:03:58,120 Speaker 1: write the main code on the January episode of Stuff 68 00:03:58,160 --> 00:04:00,840 Speaker 1: You Missed in History Class. And you can subscribe to 69 00:04:00,880 --> 00:04:04,280 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class on Apple podcasts, Google podcasts, 70 00:04:04,320 --> 00:04:07,480 Speaker 1: and whatever else you get your podcasts. Tune in tomorrow 71 00:04:07,680 --> 00:04:11,600 Speaker 1: for a famous invention that's associated with someone who didn't 72 00:04:11,640 --> 00:04:23,880 Speaker 1: actually invent it. Hi There, Welcome to This Day in 73 00:04:23,920 --> 00:04:27,400 Speaker 1: History Class, where we sift through the artifacts of history 74 00:04:27,960 --> 00:04:37,680 Speaker 1: seven days a week. The day was August eleven, nineteen, 75 00:04:39,600 --> 00:04:43,159 Speaker 1: when a white California Highway Patrol officer arrested a black 76 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:48,240 Speaker 1: man on suspicion of driving while intoxicated. Tensions raised between 77 00:04:48,400 --> 00:04:53,279 Speaker 1: Los Angeles police and residents of the predominantly black Watts neighborhood. 78 00:04:54,920 --> 00:04:58,880 Speaker 1: That night, unrest bred riots in south central Los Angeles 79 00:04:59,200 --> 00:05:04,320 Speaker 1: that continued for several days. At the time, Los Angeles 80 00:05:04,400 --> 00:05:07,760 Speaker 1: was wrapped up in a web of social, economic, and 81 00:05:07,880 --> 00:05:14,120 Speaker 1: political issues. Schools were integrated, but of the students that 82 00:05:14,160 --> 00:05:16,640 Speaker 1: went to the high school that served Watts were black. 83 00:05:17,880 --> 00:05:21,440 Speaker 1: Jobs were scarce, and poverty was rampant in Los Angeles. 84 00:05:22,200 --> 00:05:27,040 Speaker 1: There were discriminatory housing practices, White gangs and black gangs 85 00:05:27,080 --> 00:05:30,680 Speaker 1: fought as more black people moved into Los Angeles neighborhoods, 86 00:05:31,440 --> 00:05:36,560 Speaker 1: and numerous instances of discriminatory police force and police brutality 87 00:05:36,960 --> 00:05:40,200 Speaker 1: drew a clear division between law enforcement and black and 88 00:05:40,279 --> 00:05:45,000 Speaker 1: Latino residents of l A. Los Angeles Police Chief William 89 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:49,120 Speaker 1: Parker used the term the thin blue line to describe 90 00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:52,320 Speaker 1: the role of the police as the barrier between civilization 91 00:05:52,520 --> 00:05:58,120 Speaker 1: and anarchy. All of this Los Angeles specific turmoil, on 92 00:05:58,240 --> 00:06:00,800 Speaker 1: top of the effects of the Great Mike Gracian and 93 00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:05,000 Speaker 1: long history of American racism, formed the backdrop for the 94 00:06:05,080 --> 00:06:09,200 Speaker 1: riots that broke out in Watts in nineteen sixty. On 95 00:06:09,279 --> 00:06:13,240 Speaker 1: the evening of August eleven, a California Highway patrol officer 96 00:06:13,320 --> 00:06:17,640 Speaker 1: stopped Watts resident Marquette Fry and his brother Ronald for 97 00:06:17,720 --> 00:06:23,680 Speaker 1: alleged reckless driving. Marquette failed field sobriety tests, and the 98 00:06:23,800 --> 00:06:28,680 Speaker 1: officer arrested him. The Fries home was nearby, and soon 99 00:06:28,880 --> 00:06:31,760 Speaker 1: their mother, Rena Price, came to the scene of the 100 00:06:31,839 --> 00:06:35,080 Speaker 1: incident at the intersection of Avalon Boulevard in one D 101 00:06:35,240 --> 00:06:39,640 Speaker 1: and sixteenth Street. The officer had called for backup and 102 00:06:39,920 --> 00:06:44,520 Speaker 1: another officer arrived. As the intensity of the struggle between 103 00:06:44,560 --> 00:06:48,080 Speaker 1: the Fries and the officers escalated, a crowd began to 104 00:06:48,160 --> 00:06:52,520 Speaker 1: gather at the scene. More officers had arrived and were 105 00:06:52,600 --> 00:06:56,839 Speaker 1: hitting the brothers with beaton's An officer pulled out a 106 00:06:56,920 --> 00:07:02,000 Speaker 1: gun and Price jumped on an officer. In the end, Na, Marquette, 107 00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:06,680 Speaker 1: and Ronald were arrested, but the crowd had grown confrontational. 108 00:07:07,960 --> 00:07:10,880 Speaker 1: People protested as the police cars drove away with the 109 00:07:10,920 --> 00:07:16,200 Speaker 1: Fry family anger directed toward the offending police officers turned 110 00:07:16,240 --> 00:07:20,400 Speaker 1: into general riding and Watts and mostly black neighborhoods in 111 00:07:20,440 --> 00:07:24,320 Speaker 1: south central l A. The Fried family was released on 112 00:07:24,440 --> 00:07:28,040 Speaker 1: bail the morning after they were arrested. Community leaders and 113 00:07:28,120 --> 00:07:31,840 Speaker 1: police met to discuss the incident and quote unrest, but 114 00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:36,400 Speaker 1: the riding did not stop. Some residents went head to 115 00:07:36,480 --> 00:07:40,520 Speaker 1: head with l A police. Others targeted white motorists who 116 00:07:40,600 --> 00:07:45,120 Speaker 1: yelled racial profanities as them white owned businesses that were 117 00:07:45,200 --> 00:07:49,240 Speaker 1: disliked in the communities were also targets of arson and looting. 118 00:07:50,320 --> 00:07:52,760 Speaker 1: The National Guard was called out to stop the riding. 119 00:07:53,440 --> 00:07:56,560 Speaker 1: Law enforcement put up blockades and threatened the use of 120 00:07:56,600 --> 00:08:02,280 Speaker 1: deadly force. Writers through molotov cocktails and shot at firefighters 121 00:08:02,320 --> 00:08:07,720 Speaker 1: and police conducted raids and shot rioters. Police even surrounded 122 00:08:07,760 --> 00:08:11,160 Speaker 1: a Nation of Islam mosque and shot hundreds of rounds 123 00:08:11,200 --> 00:08:16,640 Speaker 1: of ammunition inside, wounding nineteen people. A curfew zone of 124 00:08:16,760 --> 00:08:20,080 Speaker 1: more than forty six point five square miles was established, 125 00:08:20,520 --> 00:08:23,520 Speaker 1: and being on the streets after eight pm became an 126 00:08:23,640 --> 00:08:29,760 Speaker 1: arrestable offense. By August fifteen, riding had largely ended. In 127 00:08:29,840 --> 00:08:32,800 Speaker 1: less than a week of writing. There were more than 128 00:08:32,880 --> 00:08:37,760 Speaker 1: one thousand injuries, nearly four thousand arrests, and thirty four deaths, 129 00:08:38,240 --> 00:08:42,240 Speaker 1: most of which were black people. The cost of damage 130 00:08:42,320 --> 00:08:47,080 Speaker 1: was estimated as tens of millions of dollars. Police Chief 131 00:08:47,080 --> 00:08:51,000 Speaker 1: Parker said the riders were like quote monkeys in a zoo. 132 00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:55,240 Speaker 1: The news media and authorities provided different opinions on the 133 00:08:55,280 --> 00:08:59,240 Speaker 1: causes and rationale of the riots. Detractors blamed them on 134 00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:03,000 Speaker 1: black criminals and the influx of black people, and said 135 00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:07,400 Speaker 1: that the looting in arson was unwarranted and foolish. Some 136 00:09:07,480 --> 00:09:11,280 Speaker 1: said that the rioting was incited by gangs or black Muslims. 137 00:09:12,440 --> 00:09:16,239 Speaker 1: Others pointed to the longstanding racial tensions in Los Angeles, 138 00:09:16,840 --> 00:09:22,080 Speaker 1: and some people noted the poverty, growing discontent with social conditions, 139 00:09:22,120 --> 00:09:25,080 Speaker 1: and alienation in the city that could give rise to 140 00:09:25,200 --> 00:09:29,640 Speaker 1: such an intense rebellion. After the riots, a commission was 141 00:09:29,679 --> 00:09:32,920 Speaker 1: formed to investigate the riot and its causes, and it 142 00:09:33,040 --> 00:09:39,200 Speaker 1: suggested improvements in schools, housing, healthcare, and other sectors. President 143 00:09:39,280 --> 00:09:43,240 Speaker 1: Lyndon B. Johnson called for a war on poverty, allocating 144 00:09:43,240 --> 00:09:47,719 Speaker 1: federal funds to reduce poverty, but there was not a 145 00:09:47,720 --> 00:09:50,520 Speaker 1: big push to address the problems listed in the report 146 00:09:51,200 --> 00:09:54,480 Speaker 1: or to rebuild the areas that were affected by the riots. 147 00:09:55,679 --> 00:10:00,320 Speaker 1: Significant efforts to combat police brutality and address social 's 148 00:10:00,400 --> 00:10:05,480 Speaker 1: gained steam through the activism of locals. I'm Eave, Steff Coote, 149 00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:08,680 Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today 150 00:10:09,080 --> 00:10:13,720 Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. Keep up with us on Twitter, Instagram, 151 00:10:13,760 --> 00:10:19,360 Speaker 1: and Facebook at t D I h C Podcast. Thanks 152 00:10:19,360 --> 00:10:22,560 Speaker 1: for joining me on this trip through history. See you 153 00:10:22,679 --> 00:10:30,840 Speaker 1: here same place tomorrow. For more podcasts from I Heart Radio, 154 00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:33,520 Speaker 1: visit the I heart radio, app, Apple podcasts, or wherever 155 00:10:33,520 --> 00:10:34,760 Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows.