WEBVTT - What are microexpressions?

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<v Speaker 1>Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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<v Speaker 1>It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should know

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<v Speaker 1>from house Stuffworks dot Com? Hey, and welcome to the podcast.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm Josh Clark. There's Chuck Bryant. Welcome people, and this

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<v Speaker 1>is stuff you should have And I'm about to tell

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<v Speaker 1>Chuck if you guys should listen to this. Chuck, did

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<v Speaker 1>you know there's a theory that there are two kinds

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<v Speaker 1>of learning. Spill it. So there's one called cognitive learning,

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<v Speaker 1>which book learning where you like, you read, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>an article, and you read it again and again and

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<v Speaker 1>you try to like make connections and then street smarts.

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<v Speaker 1>That's actually yeah, that kind of would fall into the

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<v Speaker 1>other category, which is called intuitive learning. Uh And apparently yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>some people have more of one than the other. Ultimately,

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<v Speaker 1>we would all under this theory of learning, UM do

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<v Speaker 1>both simultaneously. UM. So, so you're reading a book and

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<v Speaker 1>you're you're taking in knowledge, that's cognitive learning. Intuitive learning

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<v Speaker 1>is um where basically we're picking up cues unconsciously from

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<v Speaker 1>our environment around us, and we're learning from that. So

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<v Speaker 1>what you would call instinct or gut feeling, it would

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<v Speaker 1>be the result of in basically an un consciously processed

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<v Speaker 1>evaluation of you know, some stimuli in the environment. So

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<v Speaker 1>street smarts, street smarts, it is yea. And part of that,

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<v Speaker 1>Chuck actually is, um, We're well, we're about to talk

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<v Speaker 1>about micro expressions. So I know you've heard of them,

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<v Speaker 1>but that's part of this, these unconscious cues and information

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<v Speaker 1>that we pick up without knowing about it, which would

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<v Speaker 1>make it unconscious. As I said, I really like this

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<v Speaker 1>article very good too. It was written by Tom Schaft

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<v Speaker 1>of Right BFF. So, Josh, we're gonna talk about micro expressions,

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<v Speaker 1>which are in the face. We have to talk about

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<v Speaker 1>the expressions you can make facial expressions, the broad plain

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<v Speaker 1>ones that we see, right, So yeah, Chuck, is I

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<v Speaker 1>understand there's UM seven universal facial expressions right, yes, quickly.

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<v Speaker 1>They are happiness, sadness, fear, anger, discussed, surprise, and contempt.

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<v Speaker 1>And what was the name of the guy who traveled

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<v Speaker 1>the world studying these Ekman, Yeah, yeah, he he went

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<v Speaker 1>around the world to a bunch of disparate cultures, UM

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<v Speaker 1>all over the place and studied UM facial movements and

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<v Speaker 1>found that those seven are universal. Right. He was trying

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<v Speaker 1>to basically get to the root of whether or not, um,

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<v Speaker 1>it's a learned thing or not. And I thought, I

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<v Speaker 1>love this man. I thought it was so cool that

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<v Speaker 1>he could go to like the furthest reaches of a

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<v Speaker 1>borneo and they perhaps might make the same contempt face

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<v Speaker 1>as I do. Yeah, or discussed or discussed I could

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<v Speaker 1>see smiling fear. That kind of thing is universal. But

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<v Speaker 1>that's kind of strange because that suggests that those are

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<v Speaker 1>universal feelings then, right, Yeah, very cool. Okay, So basically

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<v Speaker 1>Eckman documented all of these uh these of in universal

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<v Speaker 1>facial expressions, but that wasn't enough right now, He and

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<v Speaker 1>a guy named W. V. Freezing actually mapped out the

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<v Speaker 1>muscles that create facial expressions and what they came up

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<v Speaker 1>with is the Facial Action Coding System, which sounds like

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<v Speaker 1>it should be like on the front of a comic

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<v Speaker 1>book with a fist punching out. Um. And what the

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<v Speaker 1>f a CS does is it measures the movements of

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<v Speaker 1>facial muscles and expresses them in action union units. Yeah. So, um,

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<v Speaker 1>a raised eyebrow is a U one, right, And it

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<v Speaker 1>also denotes whether or not the this movement was voluntary

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<v Speaker 1>or involuntary, and it also measures intensity, So like a smile,

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<v Speaker 1>the strength of a smile is measured in six degrees um.

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<v Speaker 1>And so you pop all this stuff together and um,

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<v Speaker 1>you you apply to our knowledge of the seven universal expressions,

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<v Speaker 1>and you can say just by analysis of these facial

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<v Speaker 1>muscles exactly what emotion is going on. It's so cool.

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<v Speaker 1>It is very cool, uh and conceivably useful. There's a

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<v Speaker 1>stuff called facial scan and facial recognition systems, and right

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<v Speaker 1>now as it stands, there kind of hit or miss.

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<v Speaker 1>They tried one in in Logan Airport in Boston, UM

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<v Speaker 1>and it was like sixty accurate, which isn't enough because

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<v Speaker 1>if you're gonna be stopping people based on you know,

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<v Speaker 1>their their facial expression, it needs to be a lot

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<v Speaker 1>higher than that. Were they studying micro expressions or okay? Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>but also they they their software out there that can

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<v Speaker 1>look for fugitives in a crowd, um based on the

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<v Speaker 1>f A C s and what what what Aikeman and

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<v Speaker 1>Freezing came up with? But yes, no, the one at

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<v Speaker 1>Logan Airport, not micro expression. That's that's another one that

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<v Speaker 1>I think FEMA, no Homeland Security, Yeah, t s A

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<v Speaker 1>is is using. It's like a trailer and you walk through,

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<v Speaker 1>and like, I think they show you stuff that's supposed

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<v Speaker 1>to create like a facial um or micro EXPRESSI and

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<v Speaker 1>if you're uncomfortable. Uh, and I don't think it's in

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<v Speaker 1>use commercially yet. I think if they were smart, they

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<v Speaker 1>would hire my wife. Oh is she good at that?

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<v Speaker 1>Oh she is. Not only does she have a keen

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<v Speaker 1>gut instinct on things, which is pretty accurate, I must say,

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<v Speaker 1>but uh, yeah, she can read body language and facial

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<v Speaker 1>expressions like nobody's business. Well, if she can read micro expressions,

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<v Speaker 1>that would make her um part of just ten percent

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<v Speaker 1>in estimated ten percent of people who can pick up

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<v Speaker 1>on micro expressions when when they're seeing when they're shown them. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>I would say that's her for sure. Yeah. I cannot

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<v Speaker 1>fool her ever. Okay, so Chuck, let's we've got facial

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<v Speaker 1>expressions down and we know that not everybody can consciously

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<v Speaker 1>pick up on um micro expressions. What are micro expressions? Well,

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<v Speaker 1>it's uh, basically it's not one thing, but it's it's

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<v Speaker 1>super fast, uh, sometimes as fast as seconds, and it's

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<v Speaker 1>just a really really quick facial cue that like you said,

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<v Speaker 1>not many people been noticed sometimes, right, But we're still

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<v Speaker 1>again we're picking it up on an unconscious level. So

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<v Speaker 1>the information is in there right right. Um, So when

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<v Speaker 1>you are talking to uh, some just kind of a

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<v Speaker 1>slimy guy and you're getting him a slimy impression from him,

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<v Speaker 1>you're not quite sure why because he's smiling at you

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<v Speaker 1>like I am now exactly. But see right there, right there,

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<v Speaker 1>I just saw that look of contempt. So now I

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<v Speaker 1>don't trust you, but I'm not quite sure why, which

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<v Speaker 1>I think in that, because facial expressions are generally considered, um,

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<v Speaker 1>a revelation of the real emotion that's going on, um,

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<v Speaker 1>that it lends itself to the idea that you should

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<v Speaker 1>trust your instincts. If you get a bad feeling from somebody,

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<v Speaker 1>run away or knife them or do something that could

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<v Speaker 1>just just listen to like their Plaine expression, right, that

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<v Speaker 1>could be the micro expression. If you've ever had that

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<v Speaker 1>feeling like, I don't know what it is about that guy,

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<v Speaker 1>but something about him that's you may be picking up

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<v Speaker 1>on very valid micro expressions. And again they're fast and

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<v Speaker 1>second and most people can't pick them up. But that

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<v Speaker 1>doesn't mean that they are insignificant, I guess, is my point. No,

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<v Speaker 1>they're very significant. Uh not everybody UM is as a

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<v Speaker 1>tune to faces as your wife Emily, as though you know, yeah, well,

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<v Speaker 1>there's actually a condition, a medical condition. Yes, it's prazo

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<v Speaker 1>pagnosia a k A recognition impairment or for just the

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<v Speaker 1>ultimate l people us face blindness. And basically this is

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<v Speaker 1>it's an actual medical condition. They're not entirely certain what

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<v Speaker 1>causes it, but they've seen it. People have been born

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<v Speaker 1>with it, UM, and they've seen it as the result

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<v Speaker 1>of stroke or brain damage from a car accident, right chuck, UM.

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<v Speaker 1>And what they do know is that there is some

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<v Speaker 1>sort of impairment in the physic form gyrus, which is

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<v Speaker 1>located in the temporal lobe, and this is the area

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<v Speaker 1>of the brain that's in charge of processing visual information

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<v Speaker 1>of faces. It's that specialized just has to do with

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<v Speaker 1>the faces. So people who UM have face blindness UM

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<v Speaker 1>actually have been shown under m r I scans to

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<v Speaker 1>this area doesn't activate. It's not working, so they can't

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<v Speaker 1>tell if someone is pleased or displeased by looking at

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<v Speaker 1>their face, Like they don't understand what a frown or

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<v Speaker 1>smile means. No, no, no, they'll get that. They'll get that,

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<v Speaker 1>and apparently I was. It was a terrible segue. They can.

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<v Speaker 1>They can still they're looking at your face and they

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<v Speaker 1>can see if you're smiling or frowning. What what they

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<v Speaker 1>don't do is make a memory of your face. So, Chuck,

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<v Speaker 1>how many times have we seen each other since we

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<v Speaker 1>first met one? Too many? Chuck? Thousands of times? Let's

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<v Speaker 1>say thousands. Sure, if one of us had face blindness,

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<v Speaker 1>it would be like seeing the other one for the

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<v Speaker 1>first time right now. Oh, as in, they wouldn't reckon

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<v Speaker 1>like I would say, I don't know who this person is. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>I mean like I would say, it's me Josh. But

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<v Speaker 1>you wouldn't know for certain because you can't recall a memory,

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<v Speaker 1>a visual memory of my face, even though I saw

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<v Speaker 1>you yesterday or earlier in the hall. I'm a total

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<v Speaker 1>stranger to you. So of course this makes life kind

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<v Speaker 1>of hard for people with face blindness. Um, Like, for example,

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<v Speaker 1>a television show or a movie, try keeping up with that,

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<v Speaker 1>Like every time you see the main the main character again,

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<v Speaker 1>it's like, where is this guy coming from? Right? She'd

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<v Speaker 1>be watching your magnum p I And every every episode

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<v Speaker 1>you think, who was this handsome mustache guy in the

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<v Speaker 1>Ferrari I would, but the thought of not being able

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<v Speaker 1>to keep up with magnum p I, it's a hellish thought. Um,

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<v Speaker 1>I would never wish that on you. So, but that's

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<v Speaker 1>just that's just movies and TV. Let's talk about real life. UM,

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<v Speaker 1>they're tricks that people with face blindness have come up with,

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<v Speaker 1>like um every morning name tags. Name tags would work, sure,

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<v Speaker 1>but at the same time, how do you know that

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<v Speaker 1>people aren't playing practical jokes on you? Like the movie Memento.

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<v Speaker 1>I love that movie. What a great movie. I'm actually

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<v Speaker 1>I'm gonna go watch that after this. Now. One trick

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<v Speaker 1>that people do at work, UM, when they have face

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<v Speaker 1>blindnesses go around and write down They'll you can look

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<v Speaker 1>at the name tag on the on the cubicle, and

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<v Speaker 1>then you write down with that person is wearing, and

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<v Speaker 1>then you can kind of maybe study it or access

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<v Speaker 1>it when you when you need to, when you're talking

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<v Speaker 1>to somebody. I have a feeling that people who work

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<v Speaker 1>with people with actual face blindness are probably fairly forgiving

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<v Speaker 1>because other than that, there's no other disorder, right, it's

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know who you are. With family members, you'll

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<v Speaker 1>they'll often create UM like a safe word like a password.

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<v Speaker 1>So somebody says, hey, it's dad. You know I need uh,

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<v Speaker 1>I need to borrow five hundred bucks. Um. He'll also

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<v Speaker 1>say like Geronimo or Apache or you know something trigger

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<v Speaker 1>pickle Eskimo, something like that. So you know that it's

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<v Speaker 1>actually that right, that makes sense? It is. But I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>do you know of any more like interesting disorders than that.

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<v Speaker 1>That's a pretty good one. That's right out there with

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<v Speaker 1>alien hand syndrome, I agree, or jerusale of syndrome, which

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<v Speaker 1>we'll get to eventually, I'm sure. Can we talk about

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<v Speaker 1>Alex Rodriguez. I'm so proud of you right now, Chuck.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm wing because you came up with this year wonderful man.

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<v Speaker 1>Look at me, little me making it happen. Dr Ekman,

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<v Speaker 1>who is the master from what I can tell at

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<v Speaker 1>micro expressions. He uh as everyone knows by now probably

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<v Speaker 1>in the sports world. Uh. Yankees slugger Alex Rodriguez recently

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<v Speaker 1>came out that he uh not came out, but he

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<v Speaker 1>revealed that he used steroids for a couple of years,

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<v Speaker 1>and he famously had an interview with Katie Kuric before

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<v Speaker 1>that that we absolutely said he did not, and that

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<v Speaker 1>he never saw him in the clubhouse and he didn't

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<v Speaker 1>know much about them, and so good. Dr ekmun Um

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<v Speaker 1>recently as last week, actually reviewed his videotape of this

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<v Speaker 1>Currik interview and picked up on three micro expressions that

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<v Speaker 1>indicated that he was lying. One was a guest dural slip,

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<v Speaker 1>which is when one of your shoulders raises slightly. So

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<v Speaker 1>it's just a micro expression, obviously, so it's not something

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<v Speaker 1>and this isn't even on the face, but his shoulder

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<v Speaker 1>raised slightly quite a few times in the interview when

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<v Speaker 1>she was asking him, you know, blunt questions, and he

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<v Speaker 1>was giving firm denials, and he said that it does

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<v Speaker 1>not that kind of expression does not line up with

0:12:21.480 --> 0:12:24.080
<v Speaker 1>firm denials. People that are firmly denying something do not

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<v Speaker 1>do the guestral slip. One was unilateral contempt. I like

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<v Speaker 1>this one. He said that Rodriguez would raise the corner

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<v Speaker 1>of his lip just slightly and that indicates arrogance or

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<v Speaker 1>a feeling of superiority. And he said he did this

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<v Speaker 1>a lot, and he doesn't know if this might just

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<v Speaker 1>be a trait that he has. Maybe he thinks he's

0:12:42.520 --> 0:12:44.640
<v Speaker 1>better than everyone else. I don't know, but he says

0:12:44.679 --> 0:12:47.320
<v Speaker 1>it definitely doesn't fit with what he was saying about,

0:12:47.440 --> 0:12:51.520
<v Speaker 1>you know, being humbled with the steroid use. And interestingly,

0:12:51.559 --> 0:12:55.480
<v Speaker 1>it's called unilateral because it's the only emotion with the

0:12:55.520 --> 0:12:58.800
<v Speaker 1>corresponding facial expression that occurs just on one side of

0:12:58.800 --> 0:13:02.960
<v Speaker 1>the face. Everything else anger, surprise, fear, sadness, or biladder

0:13:03.000 --> 0:13:05.280
<v Speaker 1>also both sides of your face would react. Yes, So

0:13:05.320 --> 0:13:06.880
<v Speaker 1>I thought that was interesting. And the last one was

0:13:06.960 --> 0:13:10.760
<v Speaker 1>micro fear, and she pointedly asked him if he had

0:13:10.760 --> 0:13:13.640
<v Speaker 1>ever been tempted to use illegal drugs. He answered with

0:13:13.679 --> 0:13:17.440
<v Speaker 1>a simple no, And along with that no was a

0:13:17.520 --> 0:13:22.000
<v Speaker 1>micro fear expression, which was basically the horizontal stretching of

0:13:22.000 --> 0:13:26.280
<v Speaker 1>the lips, and he said that basically he looked like

0:13:26.280 --> 0:13:29.880
<v Speaker 1>he was lying, because it's either fear or a fear

0:13:30.000 --> 0:13:33.319
<v Speaker 1>being caught when you make this expression, or surprise too.

0:13:33.320 --> 0:13:36.679
<v Speaker 1>Aren't fear and surprise often confused? Yes, indeed, which is

0:13:36.720 --> 0:13:40.600
<v Speaker 1>actually one of the problems with searching for micro expressions.

0:13:40.800 --> 0:13:44.440
<v Speaker 1>People with social anxiety have shown to um launch into

0:13:44.480 --> 0:13:48.200
<v Speaker 1>an anxiety attack when they're confronted with micro expressions of

0:13:48.240 --> 0:13:51.360
<v Speaker 1>surprise or fear because they mistake the surprise look for

0:13:51.360 --> 0:13:54.240
<v Speaker 1>fear and it's a micro expression. They're already socially anxious

0:13:54.280 --> 0:13:55.679
<v Speaker 1>that as it is, so all of a sudden there

0:13:55.720 --> 0:13:58.440
<v Speaker 1>guts telling him something and interesting, there you go. So yeah,

0:13:58.640 --> 0:14:00.160
<v Speaker 1>well he had one more little one with so I

0:14:00.160 --> 0:14:01.600
<v Speaker 1>thought was the best. And at the at the end

0:14:01.640 --> 0:14:04.880
<v Speaker 1>of the interview, he flatly denied taking trucks, and he

0:14:04.920 --> 0:14:08.240
<v Speaker 1>said that he actually slightly nodded his head in the

0:14:08.240 --> 0:14:12.440
<v Speaker 1>affirmative as he was saying that, which, there you have it. Yeah,

0:14:12.480 --> 0:14:14.840
<v Speaker 1>you can't pull one by Paul Eckman. No, no, I

0:14:14.840 --> 0:14:16.679
<v Speaker 1>would not want to be a rod and sit in

0:14:16.760 --> 0:14:19.240
<v Speaker 1>front of him and try and tell the truth. So

0:14:19.280 --> 0:14:21.800
<v Speaker 1>that's micro expressions, Yes, it is, and there's a lot

0:14:21.800 --> 0:14:24.560
<v Speaker 1>more to it. Um. I think anybody would be wise

0:14:24.640 --> 0:14:26.320
<v Speaker 1>to go on to our site and read what are

0:14:26.400 --> 0:14:30.520
<v Speaker 1>micro expressions? Is this pretty in depth explanation of facial

0:14:30.560 --> 0:14:33.280
<v Speaker 1>expressions in the whole shabank? So that's interesting. You can

0:14:33.320 --> 0:14:36.000
<v Speaker 1>look that up and chuck, is it is it? Listener

0:14:36.040 --> 0:14:39.000
<v Speaker 1>mail time? Not quite? Oh no, what we need to

0:14:39.280 --> 0:14:41.960
<v Speaker 1>give a little shout out to our new blog which

0:14:42.080 --> 0:14:44.520
<v Speaker 1>is on our website. It's called stuff You should know.

0:14:44.680 --> 0:14:46.280
<v Speaker 1>You can find out how stuff works dot com and

0:14:46.360 --> 0:14:49.120
<v Speaker 1>Josh and I post once a day each little interesting

0:14:49.160 --> 0:14:52.120
<v Speaker 1>news items two bits than uh. We want to engage

0:14:52.280 --> 0:14:55.040
<v Speaker 1>the stuff you should know nation, get people talking. Yeah,

0:14:55.120 --> 0:14:58.240
<v Speaker 1>and you can get to it on the homepage how

0:14:58.280 --> 0:15:00.680
<v Speaker 1>stuff works dot com on the right hand side and

0:15:00.760 --> 0:15:07.840
<v Speaker 1>without further ado, he chimes says, listener mail times you ready, Josh,

0:15:08.000 --> 0:15:10.120
<v Speaker 1>I was born ready. This is a good one. This

0:15:10.160 --> 0:15:12.600
<v Speaker 1>came to us from a writer named Lee, and that

0:15:12.640 --> 0:15:16.280
<v Speaker 1>would be the female Lee l E E. And Lee

0:15:16.360 --> 0:15:18.480
<v Speaker 1>heard us talk about the one guy who wrote in

0:15:18.560 --> 0:15:21.360
<v Speaker 1>talking about that he was possessed by the god Horace,

0:15:22.120 --> 0:15:24.480
<v Speaker 1>and she thought we were very accepting of that notion

0:15:24.520 --> 0:15:27.720
<v Speaker 1>that sure, who knows, you know, anything could happen. So

0:15:27.800 --> 0:15:30.160
<v Speaker 1>she wrote this about her daughter. She says she has

0:15:30.200 --> 0:15:34.760
<v Speaker 1>an attractive daughter, very intelligent, lovely and outgoing, and in

0:15:34.880 --> 0:15:37.680
<v Speaker 1>high school, her daughter was only attracted to gay men

0:15:38.760 --> 0:15:40.560
<v Speaker 1>one after the other. A lot of times they were

0:15:41.080 --> 0:15:44.200
<v Speaker 1>not out with their sexuality. Sometimes they didn't even know

0:15:44.240 --> 0:15:47.560
<v Speaker 1>it yet. But she had a terrible, terrible time falling

0:15:47.560 --> 0:15:50.960
<v Speaker 1>in love with and being mistreated by gay men because

0:15:51.360 --> 0:15:56.800
<v Speaker 1>they clearly could not return the love. So um she

0:15:56.880 --> 0:15:58.760
<v Speaker 1>was very frustrated by this. She took her daughter to

0:15:58.840 --> 0:16:04.120
<v Speaker 1>a card reader. And apparently this card reader said, the

0:16:04.200 --> 0:16:06.840
<v Speaker 1>reason that she cannot get over these falling in love

0:16:06.880 --> 0:16:10.400
<v Speaker 1>with gay men is because she was possessed. Her spirit

0:16:10.480 --> 0:16:14.040
<v Speaker 1>was possessed by a gay man named Jerome from the

0:16:14.080 --> 0:16:17.040
<v Speaker 1>eighteen hundreds. And this is what the card reader said.

0:16:17.080 --> 0:16:20.520
<v Speaker 1>She said, Jerome is running the show. And the kid

0:16:20.640 --> 0:16:22.840
<v Speaker 1>basically says, I don't like this. I'd like to get

0:16:22.920 --> 0:16:26.760
<v Speaker 1>rid of this spiritual possession. Jerome's kind of baggage, baggage.

0:16:26.800 --> 0:16:30.440
<v Speaker 1>And so the card reader, she said, quote without any

0:16:30.480 --> 0:16:34.160
<v Speaker 1>fancy pantsy ceremony, said that Jerome was gone and she

0:16:34.200 --> 0:16:36.240
<v Speaker 1>got rid of him. And the lady said after that

0:16:36.320 --> 0:16:39.320
<v Speaker 1>her daughter felt different, never fell in love with a

0:16:39.360 --> 0:16:42.920
<v Speaker 1>gay man again, had healthy relationships. And I just thought

0:16:42.920 --> 0:16:46.200
<v Speaker 1>this was real interesting, is very interesting. And as we

0:16:46.240 --> 0:16:49.760
<v Speaker 1>are always our motto is who knows to each his

0:16:49.840 --> 0:16:52.240
<v Speaker 1>own or her own? Who knows what's going on out

0:16:52.240 --> 0:16:54.760
<v Speaker 1>there in the wacky universe? Just she could have been

0:16:54.760 --> 0:16:58.960
<v Speaker 1>possessed by a gay man named Jerome from the eighteen hundreds. Well,

0:16:59.000 --> 0:17:02.840
<v Speaker 1>thank you Lee and your daughter and Jerome as well. Um,

0:17:02.880 --> 0:17:05.040
<v Speaker 1>And if you have a really cool story to share

0:17:05.080 --> 0:17:07.200
<v Speaker 1>with us, or you just want to say Hi no

0:17:07.359 --> 0:17:11.800
<v Speaker 1>hi kus uh. Send an email to a stuff podcast

0:17:12.040 --> 0:17:17.800
<v Speaker 1>at how stuff works dot com For more on this

0:17:18.040 --> 0:17:20.520
<v Speaker 1>and thousands of other topics. Is that how stuff works

0:17:20.520 --> 0:17:25.479
<v Speaker 1>dot com m brought to you by the reinvented two

0:17:25.560 --> 0:17:28.040
<v Speaker 1>thousand twelve camera. It's ready, are you