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Speaker 1: Hey there, history fans. We're off this week so that

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Speaker 1: I can move across country. But don't worry, We've got

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Speaker 1: plenty of classic shows to tide you over. Please enjoy

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Speaker 1: these flashback episodes from the TDI HC Vault.

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Speaker 2: This Day in History Class is a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 1: Hello and welcome to This Day in History Class, a

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Speaker 1: show that uncovers the past one day at a time.

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Speaker 1: My name is Gabe Lucier and one of my goals

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Speaker 1: with the show is to remind people that the world

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Speaker 1: of the past had just as many bizarre and unexpected

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Speaker 1: moments as the one we live in today. And here's

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Speaker 1: a story that shows exactly what I mean. It's the

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Speaker 1: time when the King of Scotland and future King of

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Speaker 1: England spent all day hiding in an oak tree. The

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Speaker 1: day was September sixth, sixteen fifty one. After fleeing for

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Speaker 1: his life following his defeat at the Battle of Worcester,

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Speaker 1: Charles the Second, the King of Scotland and rightful King

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Speaker 1: of England, took refuge in a tall oak tree, where

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Speaker 1: he remained until the coast was clear. A few days earlier,

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Speaker 1: on September third, Oliver Cromwell and his Parliamentarian forces had

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Speaker 1: won the final battle of the English Civil War. When

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Speaker 1: it was clear the Royalists had lost, the twenty one

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Speaker 1: year old Charles the Second escaped the battlefield on horseback

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Speaker 1: with some of his most trusted men. They rode forty

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Speaker 1: miles through the countryside until at last reaching the ruins

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Speaker 1: of the White Ladies Nunnery on the northern border of Shropshire.

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Speaker 1: When they arrived, charles troops set about disguising him. They

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Speaker 1: dressed him in old clothes, cut his hair, and smeared

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Speaker 1: his face with soot. It was a necessary measure because

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Speaker 1: Cromwell had already despatched soldiers to hunt down the rogue

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Speaker 1: King wanted. Posters quickly appeared far and wide, and a

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Speaker 1: one thousand pound reward was issued for his capture. With

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Speaker 1: the King's safe for the time being, most of his

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Speaker 1: friends departed to avoid drawing attention to the group. Only

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Speaker 1: Richard Penderel remained with Charles to help lead him through

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Speaker 1: the woods. On September fifth, the pair fled towards the

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Speaker 1: River Severne, where they hoped to cross into Wales, and

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Speaker 1: from their sail to the relative safety of France. Unfortunately,

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Speaker 1: they found that the severn was heavily guarded by Cromwell's patrols.

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Speaker 1: Left with no way forward, Charles and Richard were forced

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Speaker 1: to turn back the way they came. This time they

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Speaker 1: headed for Boscobel House, a remote hunting lodge about a

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Speaker 1: mile away from the nunnery where they'd hidden the night before.

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Speaker 1: When they arrived at around three a m. On the

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Speaker 1: morning of September sixth, they were in worn by Richard's

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Speaker 1: brothers that the White Lady's Nunnery had already been raided

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Speaker 1: by Cromwell's soldiers. Another Royalist fugitive named Major William Carlis

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Speaker 1: was also hiding out at Boscobel. He suggested that it

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Speaker 1: would be safer if Charles didn't stay in the house. Instead,

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Speaker 1: he recommended that the two of them climb a bushy

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Speaker 1: oak tree on the house grounds. That way, they could

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Speaker 1: see in all directions and keep tabs on the enemy

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Speaker 1: soldiers who would surely come looking for them. Charles agreed,

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Speaker 1: and at daybreak he and Carlis climbed into a great

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Speaker 1: oak tree about one hundred and fifty yards from the house.

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Speaker 1: The two men pass the remainder of the day huddled

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Speaker 1: close in the oak's thick branches. They dined on beer

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Speaker 1: and cheese, but for the most part they stayed silent

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Speaker 1: and kept watch on the woods below. Some thirty years later,

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Speaker 1: Charles recounted his experience, saying, quote, while we were in

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Speaker 1: the tree tree, we see soldiers going up and down

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Speaker 1: in the thickest of the wood, searching for persons escaped.

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Speaker 1: We seeing them now and then peeping out of the woods.

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Speaker 1: Despite the stress of their situation, the exhausted Charles couldn't

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Speaker 1: keep his eyes open. He reportedly spent part of the

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Speaker 1: day asleep in the arms of Major Carlis, who made

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Speaker 1: sure the sleeping King didn't give away their position by

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Speaker 1: falling out of the tree. That evening, under cover of darkness,

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Speaker 1: the two men climbed down and returned to the house,

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Speaker 1: where they enjoyed a chicken dinner together. Charles spent the

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Speaker 1: night in a small heidi hole under the floor of

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Speaker 1: a room in the attic. It was a tight fit

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Speaker 1: for the lanky king, but probably still more comfortable than

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Speaker 1: a tree branch. The next morning, Charles is said to

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Speaker 1: have helped fry some sliced mutton for breakfast. We know

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Speaker 1: this because years later, Charles recalled his skill with the

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Speaker 1: frying pan with a great deal of pride, and to

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Speaker 1: be fair, he had been through a lot by that point,

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Speaker 1: so we'll just let him have it. After this brief

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Speaker 1: respite at Boscobel House, Charles continued his life on the

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Speaker 1: Lamb for an additional six weeks, being ushered from one

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Speaker 1: safe house to another by those who remained loyal to him. Then,

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Speaker 1: at last, on the morning of October fifteenth, Charles boarded

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Speaker 1: a boat and made his escape to France. Once there,

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Speaker 1: he engaged in a very long waiting game. It would

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Speaker 1: be nearly ten years until Cromwell died and it was

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Speaker 1: finally safe for him to return to England and reclaim

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Speaker 1: his rightful throne. After Charles the Second's return, the Penderell

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Speaker 1: brothers were rewarded for their loyalty, and the tree where

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Speaker 1: the king hid became a popular tourist destination known as

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Speaker 1: the Royal Oak. Sadly, souvenir hunters were a bit too

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Speaker 1: eager in their bid to own a piece of history.

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Speaker 1: By seventeen twenty, so many pieces the tree had been

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Speaker 1: hacked off and turned into snuffboxes and other trinkets that

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Speaker 1: almost none of it remained. The oak tree that stands

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Speaker 1: at Boscobel today is believed to be a descendant of

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Speaker 1: the original, which likely grew from one of its acorns.

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Speaker 1: But the tree's offspring isn't the only reminder of this

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Speaker 1: pivotal event in British history. Today, you'll also find plenty

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Speaker 1: of pubs named the Royal Oak in its honor. In fact,

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Speaker 1: there are well over five hundred Royal Oak pubs and counting.

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Speaker 1: I'm Gabeluesier and hopefully you now know a little more

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Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. If you'd like,

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Speaker 1: please follow us on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram at TDIHC Podcasts,

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Speaker 1: and if you have any comments or suggestions, you can

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Speaker 1: send them my way at this Day at iHeartMedia dot com.

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Speaker 1: Thanks to Chandler Mays for producing the show, and thank

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Speaker 1: you for listening. I'll see you back here again tomorrow

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Speaker 1: for another Day in History Class.

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Speaker 2: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

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Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. This Day

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Speaker 2: in History Class is a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 3: Hi, I'm Eves. Welcome to This Day in History Class,

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Speaker 3: a show that reveals a little bit more about history,

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Speaker 3: day by day. The day was September sixth, eighteen seventy seven.

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Speaker 3: Charles Joseph Bolden was born in New Orleans to Alice

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Speaker 3: and Westmore Bolden. Buddy Bolden, as he was known, was

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Speaker 3: a cornetist who was instrumental in the development of jazz.

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Speaker 3: There is a considerable amount of mystery and discrepancy surrounding

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Speaker 3: the details of his life, but the recollections of his

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Speaker 3: friends and peers have helped preserve his story. Buddy's older

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Speaker 3: sister died in eighteen eighty one of encephalitis. Two years later,

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Speaker 3: his father died of pneumonia. When Buddy was ten years old,

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Speaker 3: He his mother, and his younger sister moved into a

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Speaker 3: house on First Street in New Orleans. Buddy was not

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Speaker 3: formerly trained in playing the cornet, but in the mid

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Speaker 3: eighteen nineties, Buddy began taking lessons from a neighbor who

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Speaker 3: was a cook and a family friend. Around the same time,

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Speaker 3: Buddy joined a small dance band led by Charlie Galloway.

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Speaker 3: As he performed around the city, he gained a lot

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Speaker 3: of fans and attention. He met a woman named Hattie

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Speaker 3: Oliver with whom he had a child in eighteen ninety seven.

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Speaker 3: He also had a daughter named Bernadine years later with

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Speaker 3: a woman named Nora Bass, but their relationships did not

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Speaker 3: last long, and he lived with his mother and sister

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Speaker 3: throughout much of his twenties. By the turn of the century,

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Speaker 3: Buddy was the band leader of a steady group of people.

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Speaker 3: There were two clarinet players, one trombonist, one guitarist, one

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Speaker 3: bass player, and a drummer. Buddy and his band were

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Speaker 3: known for improvising and making traditional and popular songs their own.

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Speaker 3: They often played at the Union Suns Hall, a popular

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Speaker 3: entertainment venue in Black Storyville, a part of the Red

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Speaker 3: Light district called Storyville that was for black people. Buddy

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Speaker 3: would play late into the night, and some days he

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Speaker 3: would make appearances at more than one venue. Buddy gained

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Speaker 3: a lot of fame relatively quickly, and that took a

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Speaker 3: toll on him. He began drinking heavily and had headaches.

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Speaker 3: Around nineteen oh six, he started showing signs of mental illness.

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Speaker 3: He missed shows, clashed with his bandmates, and became paranoid.

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Speaker 3: In March of nineteen oh six, he was arrested and

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Speaker 3: jailed after hitting Nora's mother with a water pitcher. The

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Speaker 3: press covered this incident, though they offered different accounts on

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Speaker 3: whether he had hit Nora's mother or his own. By

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Speaker 3: the end of that year, Buddy's bandmates left his band,

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Speaker 3: and musicians began to rotate in and out of his group.

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Speaker 3: He continued to struggle with mental illness. He shorted band

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Speaker 3: members on their pay and left the Labor Day parade

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Speaker 3: route that he was marching for unknown reasons. After he

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Speaker 3: was arrested for what the police called insanity on September

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Speaker 3: eighth and then released. He never played his cornet again.

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Speaker 3: In April of nineteen o seven, he was committed to

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Speaker 3: the Jackson Insane Asylum. Two months later, he was transferred

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Speaker 3: to the mental Institution in Jackson, Louisiana. He was diagnosed

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Speaker 3: with dementia praecox paranoid type, which later morphed into a

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Speaker 3: parallel diagnosis of schizophrenia. His mother and sister visited him

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Speaker 3: at the asylum and wrote letters to him. After they

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Speaker 3: stopped visiting, Buddy stayed there until he died in November

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Speaker 3: of nineteen thirty one in Parker General Hospital, which was

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Speaker 3: part of the asylum. He died of cerebral arterial sclerosis.

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Speaker 3: Buddy had been considered one of the founding fathers of jazz,

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Speaker 3: but there are no records of Buddy's performances. Though Buddy

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Speaker 3: did innovate in his style and sound, there is debate

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Speaker 3: over exactly what Buddy may have pioneered. After he stopped

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Speaker 3: playing his cornett, A style of jazz called Dixieland developed

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Speaker 3: in New Orleans. I'm Eves Jefcote and hopefully you know

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Speaker 3: a little more about history today than you did yesterday.

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Speaker 3: Thanks for joining me on this trip through time. See

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Speaker 3: you here in the exact same spot tomorrow.

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Speaker 2: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

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Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.