WEBVTT - Part One: The Bastard Who Invented The Lobotomy

0:00:01.480 --> 0:00:05.720
<v Speaker 1>What's not a morning person? My me? I'm Robert Evans

0:00:05.720 --> 0:00:08.039
<v Speaker 1>hosted Behind the Bastards, the show where we talk about

0:00:08.080 --> 0:00:12.080
<v Speaker 1>the worst people in history, and I introduced the show badly. Uh.

0:00:12.119 --> 0:00:16.599
<v Speaker 1>Today we have an unusual morning recording at an ungodly hour.

0:00:17.040 --> 0:00:22.880
<v Speaker 1>What is it, Sophie. I feel like I'm the first

0:00:22.920 --> 0:00:25.360
<v Speaker 1>person who's ever been awake this early, aside from my

0:00:25.400 --> 0:00:28.680
<v Speaker 1>guest today, of course, Mr Daniel ban Kirk. Hello, thanks

0:00:28.680 --> 0:00:31.200
<v Speaker 1>for having me back. How are you doing, Daniel? I'm great,

0:00:31.240 --> 0:00:36.479
<v Speaker 1>my man, I'm wonderful. Daniel. Go ahead, no, no, oh,

0:00:36.520 --> 0:00:38.479
<v Speaker 1>I'll just say I've I've been up for two hours,

0:00:38.560 --> 0:00:43.720
<v Speaker 1>so I feel it's very impressive. Do you do you

0:00:43.800 --> 0:00:47.680
<v Speaker 1>like mornings? I do not, But I've recently found out

0:00:47.760 --> 0:00:50.160
<v Speaker 1>that I am able to get so many more things

0:00:50.240 --> 0:00:52.800
<v Speaker 1>done the earlier I get up, which would seem to

0:00:52.800 --> 0:00:55.400
<v Speaker 1>be very simple math, but nothing that I had personally

0:00:56.280 --> 0:00:59.720
<v Speaker 1>made any efforts to experience until recently in my life.

0:00:59.760 --> 0:01:03.640
<v Speaker 1>So I would say, on average nowadays, I'm up around

0:01:03.840 --> 0:01:09.360
<v Speaker 1>before eight, maybe sometimes six thirty. But I am not

0:01:09.400 --> 0:01:12.280
<v Speaker 1>a morning person. I hate sunrises. I love sunset. Robert

0:01:12.280 --> 0:01:16.360
<v Speaker 1>would say six, that's the middle of the night. Well,

0:01:17.360 --> 0:01:21.080
<v Speaker 1>that is when I went to bed last night, they're

0:01:21.120 --> 0:01:24.960
<v Speaker 1>about maybe five. Well, I appreciate you making this effort. Then, man,

0:01:25.080 --> 0:01:29.720
<v Speaker 1>that's crazy. My sleep schedule is still funked up from

0:01:29.720 --> 0:01:35.120
<v Speaker 1>the flight. Sure, now, Daniel, we've we've established that that

0:01:35.240 --> 0:01:38.920
<v Speaker 1>you're sort of ambivalent towards mornings, leaning towards not liking them.

0:01:39.440 --> 0:01:41.400
<v Speaker 1>How do you feel about brains? How do you feel

0:01:41.400 --> 0:01:45.440
<v Speaker 1>about your brain? I feel pretty good about it. H Yeah,

0:01:45.440 --> 0:01:47.680
<v Speaker 1>it's it's held up pretty well. My memory is still

0:01:47.760 --> 0:01:50.880
<v Speaker 1>very good, and I haven't gotten to the point where

0:01:50.880 --> 0:01:52.720
<v Speaker 1>I have to have a calendar. I would say I

0:01:52.800 --> 0:01:54.880
<v Speaker 1>use it for about fifty of my stuff. I should

0:01:54.880 --> 0:01:57.160
<v Speaker 1>be using it for a lot more, but mine's held

0:01:57.240 --> 0:02:01.240
<v Speaker 1>up so far. I think well, I think most people

0:02:01.840 --> 0:02:05.480
<v Speaker 1>like their brain, except for the moments when they hate them. Um.

0:02:05.560 --> 0:02:07.760
<v Speaker 1>And I think that probably for the listeners of the

0:02:07.920 --> 0:02:12.400
<v Speaker 1>show is statistically have spent like about fifty of their

0:02:12.440 --> 0:02:15.080
<v Speaker 1>waking hours not liking their brain. Because this is a

0:02:15.120 --> 0:02:19.840
<v Speaker 1>show for depressed people who like to hear about terrible things. Um.

0:02:19.880 --> 0:02:22.560
<v Speaker 1>As a general rule, that's our that's our demo, isn't it, Sophie.

0:02:23.080 --> 0:02:31.440
<v Speaker 1>I hope not. And I screwed up so I mean

0:02:31.480 --> 0:02:35.079
<v Speaker 1>me too. Maybe I'm describing the author of the show

0:02:35.160 --> 0:02:38.639
<v Speaker 1>and it's it's uh, it's primary cast more than the listeners.

0:02:38.639 --> 0:02:40.600
<v Speaker 1>I hope the listeners are happy, but I'm making an

0:02:40.600 --> 0:02:44.840
<v Speaker 1>assumption here either way, you're here for them. As of

0:02:44.919 --> 0:02:48.359
<v Speaker 1>a two thousand seventeen study, but the Journal of Psychiatric Services,

0:02:48.440 --> 0:02:52.440
<v Speaker 1>more than eight million Americans suffer from severe psychological distress.

0:02:52.720 --> 0:02:57.000
<v Speaker 1>Now this is a blanket term for quote, feelings of sadness, worthlessness,

0:02:57.040 --> 0:03:00.480
<v Speaker 1>restlessness that are hazardous enough to impair physical well being.

0:03:00.880 --> 0:03:04.080
<v Speaker 1>That sounds pretty familiar to me, um, And that number

0:03:04.120 --> 0:03:08.760
<v Speaker 1>doesn't include all the Americans struggling with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, psychosis, depression,

0:03:08.760 --> 0:03:11.960
<v Speaker 1>and a whole galaxy of other brain based thing of

0:03:12.000 --> 0:03:14.520
<v Speaker 1>the jigs to deal with. And as some extent, it's

0:03:14.560 --> 0:03:17.240
<v Speaker 1>always been this way. Huge chunks of people have always

0:03:17.280 --> 0:03:21.359
<v Speaker 1>had brains that don't let them comfortably interface with mainstream society. Now,

0:03:21.440 --> 0:03:24.600
<v Speaker 1>we're not great at helping people with mental illnesses in

0:03:24.639 --> 0:03:28.000
<v Speaker 1>two thousand nineteen, but a few decades ago we were

0:03:28.080 --> 0:03:30.000
<v Speaker 1>much worse at it. And today we're going to talk

0:03:30.000 --> 0:03:33.200
<v Speaker 1>about the man who was perhaps the very very worst

0:03:33.240 --> 0:03:38.720
<v Speaker 1>of all at it. So you know, the name Walter

0:03:39.000 --> 0:03:44.760
<v Speaker 1>Jackson Freeman. The second I do now he invented lobotomies,

0:03:44.760 --> 0:03:51.480
<v Speaker 1>and that's who we're talking about today. They're just they're like, well,

0:03:51.520 --> 0:03:54.400
<v Speaker 1>we'll just remove it. Yep, We'll just we'll just we'll

0:03:54.440 --> 0:03:57.119
<v Speaker 1>just scramble it up a little bit. Actually, yeah, oh,

0:03:57.240 --> 0:04:00.720
<v Speaker 1>you yell too much. We'll remove it. Oh you had

0:04:00.760 --> 0:04:04.760
<v Speaker 1>an unwanted pregnancy. We'll remove it, and not just the

0:04:04.800 --> 0:04:08.360
<v Speaker 1>pregnancy part. No, actually we will keep the pregnancy, but

0:04:08.400 --> 0:04:12.720
<v Speaker 1>we'll scramble that brain up. Yeah. And I've heard, well,

0:04:12.720 --> 0:04:14.240
<v Speaker 1>I'm sure we'll touch on some of them, but I've

0:04:14.280 --> 0:04:17.000
<v Speaker 1>just heard horror stories of like, well, we had a

0:04:17.080 --> 0:04:21.080
<v Speaker 1>sister and then she just wouldn't stop arguing with our parents,

0:04:21.080 --> 0:04:24.760
<v Speaker 1>so she went away. She liked boys, so we stuck

0:04:24.760 --> 0:04:32.920
<v Speaker 1>a needle in a brain. Oh what a time it was. Yeah, Okay, man,

0:04:32.960 --> 0:04:35.760
<v Speaker 1>I am going to bunker down for this. Yeah. My

0:04:35.839 --> 0:04:37.839
<v Speaker 1>dog is a registered therapy dog if you need to

0:04:37.839 --> 0:04:42.200
<v Speaker 1>pat her. Okay, great, awesome? Is she registered lobotomist, Sophie,

0:04:42.200 --> 0:04:45.120
<v Speaker 1>Because I feel like there's a lot of money in that. No,

0:04:45.920 --> 0:04:48.960
<v Speaker 1>but we'll look into it. We'll look into it. Walter

0:04:49.120 --> 0:04:51.880
<v Speaker 1>Jackson Freeme in the second was born on November four

0:04:53.720 --> 0:04:57.960
<v Speaker 1>in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father, Walter the First, was also

0:04:58.000 --> 0:05:00.479
<v Speaker 1>a doctor, but not a very good one. He hated

0:05:00.520 --> 0:05:03.359
<v Speaker 1>the work, and he did it only grudgingly. He was

0:05:03.400 --> 0:05:06.400
<v Speaker 1>like an ear nose and throat doctor, and it was

0:05:06.400 --> 0:05:08.920
<v Speaker 1>said that his ideal world would have been one in

0:05:08.960 --> 0:05:11.640
<v Speaker 1>which people didn't have ears, noses, or throats, so he

0:05:11.680 --> 0:05:15.159
<v Speaker 1>wouldn't have to work. His son took that one next level.

0:05:15.240 --> 0:05:19.000
<v Speaker 1>Then you want things just removed that you don't want

0:05:19.040 --> 0:05:25.800
<v Speaker 1>to deal with that. That's what I'm gonna do, Dad, now.

0:05:26.320 --> 0:05:30.600
<v Speaker 1>Walter Jackson the seconds h grandfather, Keen Freeman, was one

0:05:30.600 --> 0:05:33.000
<v Speaker 1>of the most celebrated physicians of his age and was

0:05:33.040 --> 0:05:35.280
<v Speaker 1>like the first doctor who did a bunch of important things.

0:05:35.279 --> 0:05:40.520
<v Speaker 1>He was a legitimate, like trailblazing medical motherfucker. So Walter

0:05:40.640 --> 0:05:42.839
<v Speaker 1>Freeman the Second was a sick child, which was not

0:05:42.920 --> 0:05:45.240
<v Speaker 1>unusual in an error where the average fist fight came

0:05:45.240 --> 0:05:48.440
<v Speaker 1>with a better pragnosis than the average surgery. He developed

0:05:48.440 --> 0:05:51.000
<v Speaker 1>in large lymph nodes when he was fourteen months old,

0:05:51.000 --> 0:05:53.960
<v Speaker 1>which his grandfather had to cut out. The surgery worked,

0:05:53.960 --> 0:05:56.719
<v Speaker 1>but it permanently paralyzed some of the muscles in Walter's

0:05:56.760 --> 0:06:00.240
<v Speaker 1>shoulder and head. Uh. Walter the second also underwent tons

0:06:00.279 --> 0:06:04.880
<v Speaker 1>selectomy and suffered from diphtheria, scarlet fever, the measles, whooping cough,

0:06:05.040 --> 0:06:07.440
<v Speaker 1>the mumps, and pink eye. I don't want to say

0:06:07.440 --> 0:06:09.960
<v Speaker 1>that God definitely one of this baby dead, but I

0:06:09.960 --> 0:06:15.160
<v Speaker 1>think the evidence speaks for itself. M Yeah, they tried. Yeah,

0:06:15.200 --> 0:06:19.520
<v Speaker 1>he did his best. Young Walter's first memory was of

0:06:19.560 --> 0:06:21.800
<v Speaker 1>the head of a pickaxe breaking through the wall of

0:06:21.839 --> 0:06:24.440
<v Speaker 1>his nursery as the result of a home demolition that

0:06:24.520 --> 0:06:26.920
<v Speaker 1>got a little sloppy. Which is a pretty pretty badass

0:06:26.960 --> 0:06:31.679
<v Speaker 1>first memory. You gotta give it. Oh, yeah for sure. Also, uh,

0:06:31.800 --> 0:06:33.560
<v Speaker 1>not too far off of an analogy of what he

0:06:33.600 --> 0:06:37.280
<v Speaker 1>would later do to people's own lives, and not too

0:06:37.320 --> 0:06:39.920
<v Speaker 1>far off from a great scene in The Shining, which

0:06:39.920 --> 0:06:42.680
<v Speaker 1>starred Jack Nicholson, who was also in One Flew Over

0:06:42.680 --> 0:06:45.919
<v Speaker 1>the Cuckoo's Nest movie about a lobotomy. Oh that was

0:06:45.960 --> 0:06:48.520
<v Speaker 1>a good not We tied a lot of things together.

0:06:51.279 --> 0:06:55.440
<v Speaker 1>U now. The wonderful biography of Walter the Lobotomist notes

0:06:55.520 --> 0:06:58.320
<v Speaker 1>that he also nursed a lifelong fear of horses, but

0:06:58.480 --> 0:07:01.080
<v Speaker 1>never knew why. That doesn't come up again I just

0:07:01.120 --> 0:07:04.320
<v Speaker 1>think it's interesting people are terrified of something for no

0:07:04.440 --> 0:07:07.640
<v Speaker 1>reason and they can't let it go. Well, I'm also

0:07:07.680 --> 0:07:09.400
<v Speaker 1>afraid of horses. Okay, well that's not what we're talking

0:07:09.400 --> 0:07:11.040
<v Speaker 1>about today. All right, Well you need to put that in.

0:07:12.160 --> 0:07:15.640
<v Speaker 1>You need that needs to go in the book. Are

0:07:15.640 --> 0:07:19.520
<v Speaker 1>you scared of anything on like an existential level that

0:07:19.520 --> 0:07:22.080
<v Speaker 1>that makes no sense to you? I don't. Well that's

0:07:22.120 --> 0:07:23.880
<v Speaker 1>but if you're scared of it, doesn't it make sense

0:07:23.880 --> 0:07:28.360
<v Speaker 1>to you? So not always? I don't know. I'm I'm

0:07:28.480 --> 0:07:32.720
<v Speaker 1>very afraid of prison. Okay, that makes total sense. Yeah,

0:07:32.800 --> 0:07:34.640
<v Speaker 1>that's what. But what it makes sense to me? But

0:07:34.720 --> 0:07:38.320
<v Speaker 1>it is like, yeah, when I just think about not

0:07:38.400 --> 0:07:41.800
<v Speaker 1>being able to get out of somewhere that destined to

0:07:42.240 --> 0:07:43.960
<v Speaker 1>like you know, like they're like, oh, we decide. I

0:07:43.960 --> 0:07:45.920
<v Speaker 1>don't know. I don't like it. Bothers me. That shows

0:07:45.960 --> 0:07:49.320
<v Speaker 1>sixty days in Have you watched that? No? That sounds

0:07:49.360 --> 0:07:53.600
<v Speaker 1>like a fucking nightmare. Though. It's like they embed civilians

0:07:53.960 --> 0:07:57.400
<v Speaker 1>into like a prison system. The only person that knows

0:07:58.160 --> 0:08:01.720
<v Speaker 1>they're not an actual prisoner is the warden, and then

0:08:02.200 --> 0:08:04.480
<v Speaker 1>the camera crew sets up as though they're doing a

0:08:04.600 --> 0:08:07.080
<v Speaker 1>documentary in the prison, but they used that to do,

0:08:07.160 --> 0:08:09.480
<v Speaker 1>like their confessional talking head moments. So they interview a

0:08:09.520 --> 0:08:11.480
<v Speaker 1>lot of prisoners, but none of them assumed, well, one

0:08:11.520 --> 0:08:13.840
<v Speaker 1>of us isn't actually even supposed to be here, and

0:08:13.880 --> 0:08:17.720
<v Speaker 1>their jobs to like last sixty days, and quite a

0:08:17.720 --> 0:08:21.080
<v Speaker 1>few of them end up just getting beaten up. Yeah,

0:08:21.360 --> 0:08:25.040
<v Speaker 1>that makes sense. One was bad at his cover story

0:08:25.080 --> 0:08:26.240
<v Speaker 1>of what he was supposed to be in there for.

0:08:26.400 --> 0:08:28.600
<v Speaker 1>So once you just start lying to other prisoners, they

0:08:28.640 --> 0:08:32.040
<v Speaker 1>assume you must be a pedophile, and that's why you're like,

0:08:32.200 --> 0:08:35.480
<v Speaker 1>no fun intended kg about what you got in there for.

0:08:36.040 --> 0:08:39.040
<v Speaker 1>And that didn't end well for that guy either. Once

0:08:39.120 --> 0:08:41.120
<v Speaker 1>everybody was like, oh, you're a pedophile, he's like no, no, no,

0:08:41.120 --> 0:08:43.840
<v Speaker 1>no no, And then they don't care about that. That's

0:08:43.840 --> 0:08:49.360
<v Speaker 1>what they think, So you get beat up there. I

0:08:49.360 --> 0:08:52.559
<v Speaker 1>don't know if there is any cash price. I'm trying

0:08:52.600 --> 0:08:54.520
<v Speaker 1>to think, like you would have to have to be

0:08:55.040 --> 0:08:57.360
<v Speaker 1>I would only do it for enough money that I

0:08:57.400 --> 0:08:59.720
<v Speaker 1>would be able to buy a cabin in the woods,

0:08:59.760 --> 0:09:01.920
<v Speaker 1>Like would have to give me cabin in the woods

0:09:01.960 --> 0:09:04.720
<v Speaker 1>money in order to like do that fucking thing. But

0:09:04.920 --> 0:09:07.560
<v Speaker 1>that sounds like the worst. That's like it would have

0:09:07.600 --> 0:09:12.960
<v Speaker 1>to be nice woods and so you for like you

0:09:12.960 --> 0:09:16.920
<v Speaker 1>would do it. Five hundred is going to be the

0:09:16.920 --> 0:09:19.080
<v Speaker 1>low end of that ship. I'm talking a nice cabin.

0:09:20.040 --> 0:09:22.240
<v Speaker 1>See one time I went when I toured Alcatraz, they

0:09:22.320 --> 0:09:25.559
<v Speaker 1>let us go into the solitary confinement and they're like,

0:09:25.559 --> 0:09:27.880
<v Speaker 1>anybody want to check it out? And then I thought,

0:09:27.960 --> 0:09:29.640
<v Speaker 1>you know what, lean in on your fear. So I

0:09:29.679 --> 0:09:32.840
<v Speaker 1>went in and the guys shut the door. They're like,

0:09:33.600 --> 0:09:34.920
<v Speaker 1>I don't know what you call it. Probably a park

0:09:35.040 --> 0:09:37.360
<v Speaker 1>ranger at this point because of what Alcatraz is, and

0:09:37.400 --> 0:09:40.560
<v Speaker 1>then the tour guide whatever, and uh then he pretended

0:09:40.600 --> 0:09:42.920
<v Speaker 1>that the door was stuck and he couldn't get me out.

0:09:43.440 --> 0:09:47.200
<v Speaker 1>And I did not enjoy those few very short moments

0:09:47.240 --> 0:09:50.240
<v Speaker 1>that felt like very long hours. See I would I

0:09:50.240 --> 0:09:52.080
<v Speaker 1>would live in Alcatraz if it could just be my

0:09:52.160 --> 0:09:55.120
<v Speaker 1>house and I had a sack of rifles and an

0:09:55.120 --> 0:09:58.280
<v Speaker 1>Internet connection. Um, that would be fun. I could take

0:09:58.320 --> 0:10:02.520
<v Speaker 1>pot shots at Silicon Valley would be satisfying. I would

0:10:02.559 --> 0:10:09.240
<v Speaker 1>sign up for that podcast. Mm hm, welcome back to

0:10:09.520 --> 0:10:14.720
<v Speaker 1>Robert on the Rock. It's another episode. Okay, we should

0:10:14.720 --> 0:10:17.000
<v Speaker 1>probably get back to the podcast. We were talking he

0:10:17.080 --> 0:10:20.120
<v Speaker 1>scared of horses. Now, when Walter was a small child,

0:10:20.240 --> 0:10:23.080
<v Speaker 1>his family moved to an area near Rittenhouse Square, a

0:10:23.200 --> 0:10:26.199
<v Speaker 1>once fancy but now slummy neighborhood. Uh and this is

0:10:26.240 --> 0:10:29.600
<v Speaker 1>again in Philadelphia now. Freeman would later recall it as

0:10:29.679 --> 0:10:33.640
<v Speaker 1>a rather dingy place where nursemaid's wheeled baby carriages and gossiped.

0:10:34.520 --> 0:10:36.680
<v Speaker 1>Walter's family was quite well off, and he came up

0:10:36.720 --> 0:10:39.040
<v Speaker 1>with maids and cooks and nanny's to attend to his

0:10:39.160 --> 0:10:42.359
<v Speaker 1>and his parents every whim. He was not overly adventurous

0:10:42.400 --> 0:10:45.040
<v Speaker 1>as a child, and later wrote of himself on the whole,

0:10:45.080 --> 0:10:48.600
<v Speaker 1>I think I was a sensitive, imaginative boy, docile, shut

0:10:48.640 --> 0:10:51.680
<v Speaker 1>in a bit, and full of questions. His parents nicknamed

0:10:51.760 --> 0:10:54.560
<v Speaker 1>him Little Walter Why Why, And the growing boy was

0:10:54.600 --> 0:10:58.160
<v Speaker 1>particularly intrigued by the family business medicine. He had a

0:10:58.160 --> 0:11:01.280
<v Speaker 1>good relationship with his grandfather, but almost no real friends.

0:11:01.559 --> 0:11:03.880
<v Speaker 1>The only boy he played with regularly was his younger

0:11:03.920 --> 0:11:07.760
<v Speaker 1>cousin Morris. The book The Lobotomist describes their friendship as

0:11:07.800 --> 0:11:11.199
<v Speaker 1>basically identical to a Calvin and hobb strip. Walter and

0:11:11.240 --> 0:11:14.160
<v Speaker 1>Morris nursed a mutual contempt for girls and made grand

0:11:14.200 --> 0:11:17.120
<v Speaker 1>plans for the Society for the Prevention of Useless Girls

0:11:17.280 --> 0:11:20.240
<v Speaker 1>spugs for short. Disdaining the company of other children, they

0:11:20.280 --> 0:11:23.360
<v Speaker 1>set up another exclusive secret society, just two members strong,

0:11:23.600 --> 0:11:26.400
<v Speaker 1>which they called the wal Risk Club. Yeah, that's like

0:11:26.440 --> 0:11:30.520
<v Speaker 1>the fucking Calvin and Hobbs strip. Yeah, and they got

0:11:30.520 --> 0:11:35.719
<v Speaker 1>a Transmorguar fire. Wasn't that one of the things through times? Yeah?

0:11:35.800 --> 0:11:37.720
<v Speaker 1>So did I. It's kind of a bummer if you

0:11:37.760 --> 0:11:40.160
<v Speaker 1>imagine this is what happened to Calvin when he grew up.

0:11:40.360 --> 0:11:43.200
<v Speaker 1>I'm not doing that. Don't do that. Don't do That'll

0:11:43.240 --> 0:11:45.280
<v Speaker 1>be more Hobbs. I could see Hobbs getting into this

0:11:45.360 --> 0:11:50.640
<v Speaker 1>line of work, but definitely not scrambling brains now. Walter

0:11:50.800 --> 0:11:52.960
<v Speaker 1>was a good student. He excelled in Latin and Greek,

0:11:53.000 --> 0:11:55.440
<v Speaker 1>and he won prizes for his scholastics. He was never

0:11:55.520 --> 0:11:57.559
<v Speaker 1>any good at sports, nor did he grow any more

0:11:57.559 --> 0:12:00.520
<v Speaker 1>adept with the opposite sex. As he blossomed into a teenager,

0:12:00.880 --> 0:12:03.880
<v Speaker 1>he found girls bothersome and later wrote, I think I

0:12:03.960 --> 0:12:06.960
<v Speaker 1>actively disliked girls until I went to college. This is

0:12:06.960 --> 0:12:09.480
<v Speaker 1>all going to make so much sense later, This is

0:12:09.520 --> 0:12:15.920
<v Speaker 1>all going to make so much sense immediately. Um. Walter

0:12:16.040 --> 0:12:18.600
<v Speaker 1>Freeman was the oldest of six siblings, all but two

0:12:18.640 --> 0:12:20.800
<v Speaker 1>of whom were boys. He did not get along well

0:12:20.800 --> 0:12:23.319
<v Speaker 1>with him, nor did he particularly care for his parents.

0:12:23.559 --> 0:12:26.600
<v Speaker 1>Walter would later note repeatedly that he never loved his mother.

0:12:26.800 --> 0:12:28.720
<v Speaker 1>He was only a little closer to his father, who

0:12:28.800 --> 0:12:31.200
<v Speaker 1>took him and his brothers on regular hiking, fishing, and

0:12:31.280 --> 0:12:34.800
<v Speaker 1>camping trips. The elder Walter hated his medical practice and

0:12:34.840 --> 0:12:38.880
<v Speaker 1>considered the outdoors his only refuge. He was a weird dude. Once,

0:12:38.880 --> 0:12:41.680
<v Speaker 1>when Walter the Second was caught skipping school, his father

0:12:41.720 --> 0:12:47.920
<v Speaker 1>punished him by whipping himself in front of the truant officer. Wait, WHOA, Yeah,

0:12:48.040 --> 0:12:51.680
<v Speaker 1>the dad whipped himself or he had Walter the Second, No,

0:12:51.840 --> 0:12:54.680
<v Speaker 1>he whipped the dad whipped himself in front of the

0:12:54.720 --> 0:13:00.360
<v Speaker 1>truant officer to myself by skipping school. Yeah, and he

0:13:00.400 --> 0:13:05.040
<v Speaker 1>did it in front of the cop. WHOA, Like that's

0:13:05.040 --> 0:13:08.480
<v Speaker 1>that's so fucked up. It takes like you really have

0:13:08.559 --> 0:13:12.600
<v Speaker 1>to process that ship because the layers fucking up the

0:13:12.679 --> 0:13:16.439
<v Speaker 1>kid's head, you know that. Like I'm a truant officer.

0:13:17.400 --> 0:13:20.720
<v Speaker 1>Imagine that guy. He's like, Hey, well buddy, I just

0:13:20.800 --> 0:13:23.320
<v Speaker 1>want kids to go to school. Why are we doing this?

0:13:23.440 --> 0:13:25.920
<v Speaker 1>All you gotta do is sign the sheet man. All

0:13:25.920 --> 0:13:28.199
<v Speaker 1>you gotta do is sign the sheet that I told

0:13:28.200 --> 0:13:31.240
<v Speaker 1>you he wasn't at school put me down. Why did

0:13:31.240 --> 0:13:33.680
<v Speaker 1>you bring a whip to this meeting? You? You don't

0:13:33.760 --> 0:13:37.880
<v Speaker 1>need to do this. No one's asking you to do this, sir.

0:13:37.960 --> 0:13:39.520
<v Speaker 1>I just wanted to know. I'm also gonna have to

0:13:39.559 --> 0:13:42.360
<v Speaker 1>write you up for right for whipping yourself because I

0:13:42.400 --> 0:13:46.120
<v Speaker 1>have to document that I witnessed this. He missed a

0:13:46.200 --> 0:13:50.040
<v Speaker 1>day of school. This isn't really a whipping situation. I

0:13:50.120 --> 0:13:52.040
<v Speaker 1>wondered what you meant when you were like, cool, I'll

0:13:52.080 --> 0:13:57.440
<v Speaker 1>bring my whip. H Yeah, I have trouble getting my

0:13:57.440 --> 0:14:01.080
<v Speaker 1>head around. What kind of man does that? Oh? I know?

0:14:01.679 --> 0:14:04.240
<v Speaker 1>And then I'm sure the truan officer was like I

0:14:04.320 --> 0:14:06.760
<v Speaker 1>wanted the kid to leave, and then just like in

0:14:07.120 --> 0:14:09.320
<v Speaker 1>Will Farrell and he's bonding down, the dad was like,

0:14:09.440 --> 0:14:14.640
<v Speaker 1>let the boy watch. I feel that's horrific. That's a

0:14:14.720 --> 0:14:20.600
<v Speaker 1>mind fuck. Yeah, that's a galaxy level mind fuck. Oh boy.

0:14:20.920 --> 0:14:23.040
<v Speaker 1>I bet that true an officer felt bad for that.

0:14:23.080 --> 0:14:24.840
<v Speaker 1>I bet in the future he was like, you know what,

0:14:25.160 --> 0:14:27.280
<v Speaker 1>you need to stop skipping school, but we're not going

0:14:27.320 --> 0:14:31.920
<v Speaker 1>to tell your dad any officer. Let everyone's skip. Yeah,

0:14:32.040 --> 0:14:34.080
<v Speaker 1>he was like, I'm not going through that again. I

0:14:34.120 --> 0:14:39.640
<v Speaker 1>am not doing that again. So uh as is probably

0:14:39.640 --> 0:14:43.360
<v Speaker 1>not a surprise hearing that Walter's father was no less

0:14:43.400 --> 0:14:45.640
<v Speaker 1>awkward when it came to talking to his young adults

0:14:45.680 --> 0:14:49.560
<v Speaker 1>song about sex. Years later, Walter recalled, I had been

0:14:49.600 --> 0:14:52.120
<v Speaker 1>showing interest in the external anatomy of my young girl

0:14:52.200 --> 0:14:55.320
<v Speaker 1>cousins with the aid of his ancient textbooks on anatomy

0:14:55.320 --> 0:14:59.960
<v Speaker 1>and gynecology illustrated with woodcuts. He dilated upon internal anatomy, reproduction,

0:15:00.040 --> 0:15:02.840
<v Speaker 1>and especially venereal disease, threatening to have me followed or

0:15:03.320 --> 0:15:06.120
<v Speaker 1>even tempted by operatives who would report to him. I

0:15:06.240 --> 0:15:09.200
<v Speaker 1>was thoroughly uncomfortable, but remained a virgin. He never alluded

0:15:09.240 --> 0:15:13.280
<v Speaker 1>to it again. So if you're a young parent out

0:15:13.280 --> 0:15:15.640
<v Speaker 1>there looking to stop your kid from fucking too early,

0:15:16.160 --> 0:15:18.240
<v Speaker 1>this is one way to keep them a virgin for

0:15:18.280 --> 0:15:21.040
<v Speaker 1>a very long time. Yeah, or watch a racer head

0:15:21.440 --> 0:15:24.640
<v Speaker 1>but yeah, or watch your racer head. Yeah. But okay,

0:15:24.720 --> 0:15:28.320
<v Speaker 1>So he he got way into his He said, straight up,

0:15:28.360 --> 0:15:32.560
<v Speaker 1>I was really into my female cousins anatomy. Yes, yeah, yeah, yeah,

0:15:32.640 --> 0:15:35.840
<v Speaker 1>he well, you know, you know that's that's fucked up.

0:15:36.280 --> 0:15:38.480
<v Speaker 1>I think in an earlier age in which boys and

0:15:38.520 --> 0:15:41.360
<v Speaker 1>girls did not socialize. Like you run into stories like

0:15:41.400 --> 0:15:43.960
<v Speaker 1>that a lot in the early nineteen hundreds just because

0:15:44.000 --> 0:15:47.000
<v Speaker 1>like you weren't hanging out with any other girls, So

0:15:47.080 --> 0:15:49.320
<v Speaker 1>like that's when people would have that. Really it's it's

0:15:49.360 --> 0:15:52.200
<v Speaker 1>messed up and a symptom of some unhealthy things in

0:15:52.240 --> 0:15:55.120
<v Speaker 1>the culture. But I'm not gonna say that that right,

0:15:55.120 --> 0:15:57.280
<v Speaker 1>there is evidence that Walter was weird from the beginning.

0:15:57.320 --> 0:15:59.560
<v Speaker 1>Maybe they were the only girls he spent any time around.

0:15:59.760 --> 0:16:01.640
<v Speaker 1>And I guess so when you stay at yeah anime,

0:16:01.800 --> 0:16:04.560
<v Speaker 1>to me, it's like he makes me feel like I

0:16:04.600 --> 0:16:07.800
<v Speaker 1>guess I in tone that he's more preoccupied, Like it's

0:16:07.800 --> 0:16:10.320
<v Speaker 1>okay to wonder what's under their clothes, but don't start

0:16:10.360 --> 0:16:13.480
<v Speaker 1>wondering what's under their skin. I think that was just

0:16:13.600 --> 0:16:16.840
<v Speaker 1>sort of, um a euphemism they used because again, nobody

0:16:16.840 --> 0:16:20.440
<v Speaker 1>had good vocabulary to talk about like bodies back then,

0:16:20.840 --> 0:16:23.800
<v Speaker 1>because everyone was fucked up, and you know, it was

0:16:23.840 --> 0:16:28.080
<v Speaker 1>an even less healthy time. There was no feveral summer

0:16:28.680 --> 0:16:31.920
<v Speaker 1>or Midwestern boy autumn at which I'm currently a part of.

0:16:32.320 --> 0:16:36.880
<v Speaker 1>Oh yeah, that's yeah. Midwestern boy autumn is good. Uh,

0:16:37.160 --> 0:16:42.320
<v Speaker 1>Southeastern boy late summer slash early fall, which really doesn't

0:16:42.320 --> 0:16:46.800
<v Speaker 1>get going until November. Um, get a lot of them.

0:16:46.840 --> 0:16:50.440
<v Speaker 1>I like slutty people, April showers. That's my favorite time

0:16:50.480 --> 0:16:55.960
<v Speaker 1>of year. Slutty people, April showers. Um, there has to

0:16:55.960 --> 0:16:58.480
<v Speaker 1>be a porn star named April Showers, right of course.

0:16:58.480 --> 0:17:01.960
<v Speaker 1>Oh yeah, no, there's like they're okay, I hope, So

0:17:02.720 --> 0:17:05.520
<v Speaker 1>we're putting in the universe. If there isn't, I also

0:17:05.560 --> 0:17:08.199
<v Speaker 1>called DIBs. If any of us get into porn, I

0:17:08.240 --> 0:17:13.240
<v Speaker 1>mean we're that's gonna be the sequel podcast to this one.

0:17:14.520 --> 0:17:18.880
<v Speaker 1>Robert Evans makes a porno. Um, it is not going

0:17:18.920 --> 0:17:24.280
<v Speaker 1>to be popular. Uh. Back to Walter freemanow So, Walter

0:17:24.480 --> 0:17:27.520
<v Speaker 1>graduated from high school when he was just sixteen years old. Uh.

0:17:27.640 --> 0:17:30.720
<v Speaker 1>He immediately started attending classes at Yale UM. He was

0:17:30.760 --> 0:17:33.959
<v Speaker 1>academically excellent, but completely miserable. He was too young an

0:17:33.960 --> 0:17:36.200
<v Speaker 1>immature to get up to any kind of animal house

0:17:36.240 --> 0:17:39.320
<v Speaker 1>type bonding shenanigans with his fellow young men, and his

0:17:39.440 --> 0:17:42.840
<v Speaker 1>utter disdain for women made most kinds of socialization impossible.

0:17:42.880 --> 0:17:45.440
<v Speaker 1>It turns out it's not great to be in college

0:17:45.440 --> 0:17:49.200
<v Speaker 1>at age sixteen. Not not the best time to do that. Uh.

0:17:49.200 --> 0:17:51.359
<v Speaker 1>He briefly worked for the Yale Daily News. But was

0:17:51.440 --> 0:17:54.480
<v Speaker 1>let go after he spilled a bunch of alphabetized subscriber

0:17:54.560 --> 0:17:56.840
<v Speaker 1>cards in front of his editor. He joined the swim

0:17:56.840 --> 0:17:59.200
<v Speaker 1>team at one point, but refused to practice when anyone

0:17:59.280 --> 0:18:00.960
<v Speaker 1>was around. He want people to see him with his

0:18:01.040 --> 0:18:05.000
<v Speaker 1>shirt off. Um, so he's You get a feel for

0:18:05.080 --> 0:18:08.480
<v Speaker 1>the kind of young man Walter Freeman was not a

0:18:08.560 --> 0:18:13.600
<v Speaker 1>comfortable one. Um now, and in fairness, knowing about his dad,

0:18:13.640 --> 0:18:19.080
<v Speaker 1>how could he possibly have been right? His initial degree

0:18:19.080 --> 0:18:21.920
<v Speaker 1>program was engineering, but this track was disrupted at the

0:18:22.000 --> 0:18:23.760
<v Speaker 1>end of his junior year when he ate a bad

0:18:23.800 --> 0:18:27.040
<v Speaker 1>batch of raw clams and caught typhoid fever. He spent

0:18:27.119 --> 0:18:29.200
<v Speaker 1>months laid up with this, in an assortment of other

0:18:29.240 --> 0:18:31.840
<v Speaker 1>ailments that took up the entirety of his first semester

0:18:31.960 --> 0:18:34.600
<v Speaker 1>senior year at Yale. The long months he spent at

0:18:34.640 --> 0:18:37.320
<v Speaker 1>hospitals and sick beds helped Walter realize that he wanted

0:18:37.400 --> 0:18:42.560
<v Speaker 1>something different out of life, a career in medicine. M now.

0:18:42.640 --> 0:18:45.680
<v Speaker 1>He'd initially not wanted to go down that road, do

0:18:45.840 --> 0:18:47.720
<v Speaker 1>largely to the fact that his father had told him

0:18:47.720 --> 0:18:49.800
<v Speaker 1>it was a terrible life. Don't be a fucking doctor.

0:18:50.000 --> 0:18:56.280
<v Speaker 1>As he whips himself. Uh, this isn't about you. I'm

0:18:56.280 --> 0:18:59.440
<v Speaker 1>whipping myself because someone else left a muffin out on

0:18:59.480 --> 0:19:02.720
<v Speaker 1>the counter. This is they're whipping. But I needed to

0:19:02.720 --> 0:19:05.679
<v Speaker 1>talk to you. Also, he's third generations to his dad.

0:19:05.680 --> 0:19:09.040
<v Speaker 1>Probably was forced into it by his dad. Yeah, and

0:19:09.080 --> 0:19:11.479
<v Speaker 1>so he maybe this was his one thing where he

0:19:11.560 --> 0:19:13.679
<v Speaker 1>was trying to be like, you don't do what you

0:19:13.800 --> 0:19:15.280
<v Speaker 1>don't have. You don't have to do this, and it

0:19:15.320 --> 0:19:19.159
<v Speaker 1>didn't matter. I feel like he's saying, you don't have

0:19:19.200 --> 0:19:21.399
<v Speaker 1>to do this while everybody looks at him whipping himself

0:19:21.400 --> 0:19:27.359
<v Speaker 1>and it's like, you really don't have to do this. So, uh, Walter,

0:19:28.119 --> 0:19:31.560
<v Speaker 1>seeing his dad was a miserable, fucked up person, Walter

0:19:31.640 --> 0:19:34.480
<v Speaker 1>instead looked towards his grandfather as a role model and

0:19:34.600 --> 0:19:37.240
<v Speaker 1>enrolled in summer classes at the University of Chicago to

0:19:37.280 --> 0:19:40.400
<v Speaker 1>catch up on medical school before or to catch up

0:19:40.400 --> 0:19:43.920
<v Speaker 1>on like medicine and science related classes before starting medical

0:19:43.960 --> 0:19:46.520
<v Speaker 1>school the next year. He excelled in this as well,

0:19:46.680 --> 0:19:49.520
<v Speaker 1>and attempted to rebuild his health by walking thirty minutes

0:19:49.560 --> 0:19:52.600
<v Speaker 1>to and from campus every day carrying a heavy box

0:19:52.680 --> 0:19:55.680
<v Speaker 1>of bones. I don't know where you could just get

0:19:55.720 --> 0:19:58.080
<v Speaker 1>bones back then. Yeah, he just decided he needed. He

0:19:58.119 --> 0:20:00.439
<v Speaker 1>wanted to like get healthy, and a way to do

0:20:00.520 --> 0:20:03.199
<v Speaker 1>it was to carry around a lot of bones. And

0:20:03.240 --> 0:20:07.320
<v Speaker 1>because he's a person, a rock isn't good enough. Yeah,

0:20:07.560 --> 0:20:09.800
<v Speaker 1>there were more bones than rocks back then. There were

0:20:09.840 --> 0:20:13.359
<v Speaker 1>just people dying left and right. So he stopped H.

0:20:13.640 --> 0:20:17.520
<v Speaker 1>Holmes's place and picked up what years this that doesn't

0:20:17.600 --> 0:20:19.840
<v Speaker 1>check out? Actually I think it might check out this

0:20:20.000 --> 0:20:22.480
<v Speaker 1>late late eighteen nineties. I don't remember exactly when H.

0:20:22.320 --> 0:20:27.919
<v Speaker 1>Jones was. No, he would have been. He would have been.

0:20:27.920 --> 0:20:30.679
<v Speaker 1>He was born in nive so, but there would have

0:20:30.680 --> 0:20:32.360
<v Speaker 1>been there would have been a lot of bones laying

0:20:32.400 --> 0:20:36.680
<v Speaker 1>around in the early nine hundred bone heavy period. World

0:20:36.760 --> 0:20:41.520
<v Speaker 1>War One was on a shiploads of bones. Now. Yeah,

0:20:41.600 --> 0:20:44.080
<v Speaker 1>so he excelled in his classes, and he was getting better,

0:20:44.359 --> 0:20:46.600
<v Speaker 1>you know, healthier thanks to his bone box. But in

0:20:46.640 --> 0:20:49.000
<v Speaker 1>spite of all this, he he got sick again very

0:20:49.080 --> 0:20:52.440
<v Speaker 1>quickly and was soon bedridden. He later recalled I wrote

0:20:52.440 --> 0:20:55.879
<v Speaker 1>home saying, I guess God didn't want me to study medicine.

0:20:56.080 --> 0:20:58.920
<v Speaker 1>In reply, I received a stern admonition not to think

0:20:59.000 --> 0:21:01.240
<v Speaker 1>that way, much less to mention it. Wait, Robert, he

0:21:01.280 --> 0:21:04.399
<v Speaker 1>got sick again, Yeah, he kept he was very sick.

0:21:04.480 --> 0:21:07.520
<v Speaker 1>He was a sick, sick young man. Oh man, this

0:21:07.640 --> 0:21:10.719
<v Speaker 1>is You're right. Mother Nature was trying to kill him.

0:21:10.800 --> 0:21:14.800
<v Speaker 1>God was definitely trying to stop him from being He's

0:21:14.840 --> 0:21:19.040
<v Speaker 1>a fighter. He's a fighter. He is a persistent son

0:21:19.040 --> 0:21:21.439
<v Speaker 1>of a bit. He shouldn't have been let it go.

0:21:21.640 --> 0:21:23.879
<v Speaker 1>He should not have been somebody should have walked in

0:21:23.920 --> 0:21:26.119
<v Speaker 1>whipping themselves and been like, this is so that you

0:21:26.160 --> 0:21:29.760
<v Speaker 1>can let it go, Just go. Yeah, that's I think

0:21:29.800 --> 0:21:32.400
<v Speaker 1>that we have to land on the conclusion that if

0:21:32.440 --> 0:21:35.520
<v Speaker 1>only there'd been more whipping in his childhood, he would

0:21:35.560 --> 0:21:37.920
<v Speaker 1>have turned out better. Can I ask you a foreshadowing

0:21:38.000 --> 0:21:41.000
<v Speaker 1>question that I don't expect you to answer yet because

0:21:41.000 --> 0:21:42.560
<v Speaker 1>I don't know that we should even if you can.

0:21:43.000 --> 0:21:46.400
<v Speaker 1>But much like we all wonder, like what purpose does

0:21:46.520 --> 0:21:51.320
<v Speaker 1>mosquitoes provide? Like what uh, what did they give us

0:21:51.359 --> 0:21:53.840
<v Speaker 1>in the long run or whatever other than just bad stuff,

0:21:54.640 --> 0:21:56.800
<v Speaker 1>I would love to know by the end of this episode,

0:21:56.840 --> 0:21:59.800
<v Speaker 1>I already hate him. If at some point you're gonna

0:21:59.800 --> 0:22:02.280
<v Speaker 1>be like, well, actually, because of the lobotomy, we now

0:22:02.400 --> 0:22:05.199
<v Speaker 1>have this positive thing in our world, and I'm anxious

0:22:05.240 --> 0:22:08.480
<v Speaker 1>to see if if that comes about at all. Yes,

0:22:08.760 --> 0:22:11.719
<v Speaker 1>he was actually this is getting ahead a little bit.

0:22:12.080 --> 0:22:13.439
<v Speaker 1>He doesn't want to do that to you. I'm just

0:22:13.480 --> 0:22:14.919
<v Speaker 1>that's what's already in my had I'm like, yeah, I

0:22:14.960 --> 0:22:18.040
<v Speaker 1>hope there's some benefit to this fucker. Yeah. The spoiler

0:22:18.000 --> 0:22:19.640
<v Speaker 1>I will give you is that it turned out he

0:22:19.720 --> 0:22:23.239
<v Speaker 1>was right for the wrong reasons, or at least he

0:22:23.320 --> 0:22:26.320
<v Speaker 1>was right, but it led him to do the wrong things.

0:22:26.640 --> 0:22:29.199
<v Speaker 1>Like the little kid in a Bronx tail. I've not

0:22:29.280 --> 0:22:32.000
<v Speaker 1>seen you. Oh he covers for he covers for a

0:22:32.040 --> 0:22:33.960
<v Speaker 1>mob guy. And he asked his dad, Robert de Niro.

0:22:34.000 --> 0:22:35.880
<v Speaker 1>He goes, I did I did a good thing, right, Dad?

0:22:36.040 --> 0:22:37.920
<v Speaker 1>And he goes, yeah, you did. You did a good

0:22:37.920 --> 0:22:40.720
<v Speaker 1>thing for a bad man, Like it was the right thing,

0:22:40.800 --> 0:22:44.360
<v Speaker 1>but you did it for the wrong person. Yeah. Well

0:22:44.640 --> 0:22:46.840
<v Speaker 1>it's a little different than that. We'll get well, we'll

0:22:46.880 --> 0:22:51.320
<v Speaker 1>get there. So after a second ton selectomy, Freeman's health improved,

0:22:51.480 --> 0:22:54.040
<v Speaker 1>and soon he was off to medical school. During the

0:22:54.040 --> 0:22:56.880
<v Speaker 1>first Hand bones in hand. During the First World War,

0:22:56.920 --> 0:22:59.000
<v Speaker 1>he was drafted into the Army Medical Corps and he

0:22:59.040 --> 0:23:02.360
<v Speaker 1>became a sergeant. He continued his education. He was demoted

0:23:02.400 --> 0:23:04.840
<v Speaker 1>once for threatening his company commander with a shoe, but

0:23:04.880 --> 0:23:07.919
<v Speaker 1>otherwise had a solid service we're not. We can't skip

0:23:08.000 --> 0:23:12.600
<v Speaker 1>this with a shoe just a little shoe fight. You've

0:23:12.640 --> 0:23:15.679
<v Speaker 1>had a couple. I've never had a shoe fight. We

0:23:15.680 --> 0:23:18.639
<v Speaker 1>we all have the odds shoe fight. I can Tina Turner,

0:23:18.680 --> 0:23:21.920
<v Speaker 1>that's the most popular shoe fight of all time. Yeah,

0:23:22.000 --> 0:23:24.760
<v Speaker 1>it was just like an argument and he like picked

0:23:24.800 --> 0:23:26.919
<v Speaker 1>up his shoe and yelled at somebody and didn't realize

0:23:26.960 --> 0:23:30.640
<v Speaker 1>that they were his commanding officer. Um it's less interesting

0:23:30.640 --> 0:23:32.919
<v Speaker 1>than you'd think. It's funnier when you just summarize it

0:23:33.000 --> 0:23:37.280
<v Speaker 1>that way. Um. Now. Walter graduated as a doctor in

0:23:37.359 --> 0:23:39.880
<v Speaker 1>nineteen twenty, the second in his class. By this point,

0:23:39.920 --> 0:23:42.200
<v Speaker 1>he had become so enamored with medicine that every other

0:23:42.240 --> 0:23:45.360
<v Speaker 1>aspect of his past had followed by the wayside. Medicine,

0:23:45.400 --> 0:23:47.359
<v Speaker 1>he wrote, held my interest to the point where I

0:23:47.400 --> 0:23:50.359
<v Speaker 1>excluded many other things. In fact, I was barely aware

0:23:50.359 --> 0:23:52.760
<v Speaker 1>of my family. Do not recall what they were doing

0:23:52.880 --> 0:23:56.680
<v Speaker 1>or where they were during this period. So Walter has

0:23:56.800 --> 0:24:01.359
<v Speaker 1>fallen fully into medicine. And speaking of falling fully into something,

0:24:02.119 --> 0:24:05.440
<v Speaker 1>Daniel van Kirk, it's time for us and our audience

0:24:05.560 --> 0:24:08.440
<v Speaker 1>to fall fully into the products and services that support

0:24:08.480 --> 0:24:13.120
<v Speaker 1>this program. Let's do it. Yeah, let's do it. Let's

0:24:13.240 --> 0:24:16.560
<v Speaker 1>let's whip ourselves in front of the audience to convince

0:24:16.600 --> 0:24:20.320
<v Speaker 1>them to buy these these products that support the show.

0:24:21.760 --> 0:24:24.800
<v Speaker 1>Imagine me wailing on myself with a cat of nine tales.

0:24:25.200 --> 0:24:27.560
<v Speaker 1>It makes me sad. But you, I didn't come to school,

0:24:27.600 --> 0:24:29.760
<v Speaker 1>and so now you have to hurt yourself. And yeah,

0:24:29.840 --> 0:24:40.280
<v Speaker 1>now I have to hurt myself products. We're back. So

0:24:40.320 --> 0:24:42.800
<v Speaker 1>when we left off, Walter Freeman had fallen in love

0:24:42.800 --> 0:24:46.639
<v Speaker 1>with medicine and had forgotten what his family was even doing.

0:24:46.680 --> 0:24:49.880
<v Speaker 1>He was so enthralled with his new career, and in

0:24:49.920 --> 0:24:52.959
<v Speaker 1>his father's case, what he was doing was dying of

0:24:53.000 --> 0:24:58.600
<v Speaker 1>liver cancer. Now, yeah, yeah, yeah, Walter could not really

0:24:58.600 --> 0:25:00.680
<v Speaker 1>have cared less about this. The only thing he did

0:25:00.720 --> 0:25:02.600
<v Speaker 1>to help his father during this period, because he was

0:25:02.600 --> 0:25:05.520
<v Speaker 1>living at home still, it was periodically shave him with

0:25:05.560 --> 0:25:08.920
<v Speaker 1>a straight razor. He refused to soften his dad's stubble

0:25:08.960 --> 0:25:12.440
<v Speaker 1>in warm water before shaving him because quote, the task

0:25:12.560 --> 0:25:15.240
<v Speaker 1>was distasteful, and I finished it as quickly as possible.

0:25:15.280 --> 0:25:17.199
<v Speaker 1>I'm sure my mother would have been more gentle, but

0:25:17.280 --> 0:25:19.840
<v Speaker 1>she considered shaving a man's job, and I was the

0:25:19.880 --> 0:25:23.880
<v Speaker 1>only one at home, so like, I'm gonna I'll shave you, dad,

0:25:23.920 --> 0:25:26.040
<v Speaker 1>but I'm not gonna like make it pleasant for you,

0:25:26.080 --> 0:25:27.879
<v Speaker 1>because I want to get done with this ship quick.

0:25:29.000 --> 0:25:34.199
<v Speaker 1>Great great kid. Now, although his dad was kind of

0:25:34.240 --> 0:25:36.600
<v Speaker 1>sucked him up, so fair, I guess you have to

0:25:36.640 --> 0:25:39.760
<v Speaker 1>whip me. I can't do it myself. I can't get

0:25:39.800 --> 0:25:45.119
<v Speaker 1>shaved without a whipping. As a medical intern, Walter was

0:25:45.160 --> 0:25:48.800
<v Speaker 1>somewhat uneven. He excelled in neurology, but proved less apt

0:25:48.920 --> 0:25:52.200
<v Speaker 1>at handling what he called scut work, like transporting urine

0:25:52.240 --> 0:25:55.520
<v Speaker 1>samples for analysis. Sometimes he would pour samples down the

0:25:55.600 --> 0:25:58.159
<v Speaker 1>drain just to be rid of them. He was fascinated

0:25:58.160 --> 0:26:00.760
<v Speaker 1>by neurosurgery, but too bored of the details of it

0:26:00.840 --> 0:26:05.440
<v Speaker 1>to actually learn to perform surgery. He was fascinated by illness,

0:26:05.520 --> 0:26:08.000
<v Speaker 1>but almost bored by the actual human beings he had

0:26:08.040 --> 0:26:11.159
<v Speaker 1>to treat. He was, in short, a very strange dude,

0:26:11.280 --> 0:26:14.280
<v Speaker 1>as this passage from the lobotomist makes clear. Soon another

0:26:14.320 --> 0:26:17.479
<v Speaker 1>patient commanded Freeman's curiosity. A young man who arrived at

0:26:17.480 --> 0:26:19.920
<v Speaker 1>the hospital with his penis and dire shape and flamed

0:26:19.920 --> 0:26:22.000
<v Speaker 1>and dark. The organ was encircled by a ring that

0:26:22.040 --> 0:26:24.959
<v Speaker 1>the patient's girlfriend had thrust over it but was unable

0:26:24.960 --> 0:26:30.000
<v Speaker 1>to remove Freeman. Yet, we're talking like nineteen twenties cock rings.

0:26:30.480 --> 0:26:32.600
<v Speaker 1>I think we're talking a normal ring that she put

0:26:32.640 --> 0:26:34.879
<v Speaker 1>on his cock and it became a problem when he

0:26:34.920 --> 0:26:38.600
<v Speaker 1>got hard. No. Yeah, that's why you use the like

0:26:39.000 --> 0:26:42.200
<v Speaker 1>the bendy rubber ones, not like a normal metal ring.

0:26:42.440 --> 0:26:47.440
<v Speaker 1>That's one of our sponsors today. Yes, Josiah and Sons

0:26:47.640 --> 0:26:50.679
<v Speaker 1>old fashioned Amish cock rings, the only cock rings that

0:26:50.680 --> 0:26:53.080
<v Speaker 1>are made entirely out of wood. If you want the

0:26:53.160 --> 0:26:55.600
<v Speaker 1>most pain a cock ring can put you in, you

0:26:55.640 --> 0:26:59.360
<v Speaker 1>want a Josiah and Son's cock ring that was too perfect.

0:27:00.040 --> 0:27:07.280
<v Speaker 1>Now in Redwood, So a guy walks in and says, hey,

0:27:07.320 --> 0:27:10.280
<v Speaker 1>I gotta, I gotta. And you know that that conversation

0:27:10.320 --> 0:27:12.359
<v Speaker 1>was awkward because much like you just talked about, no

0:27:12.359 --> 0:27:15.640
<v Speaker 1>one was using good like healthy like jargon for each

0:27:15.680 --> 0:27:18.720
<v Speaker 1>other to talk about themselves. Or they don't think anyone

0:27:19.119 --> 0:27:23.199
<v Speaker 1>uses the word penis in that entire conversation. He's like,

0:27:23.280 --> 0:27:30.200
<v Speaker 1>I've gone problematic in my nethers. Ye. So uh. Freeman

0:27:30.320 --> 0:27:32.960
<v Speaker 1>ended the patient's agony by filing through the ring and

0:27:33.000 --> 0:27:35.880
<v Speaker 1>twisting it free with forceps. The boy asked for the ring,

0:27:35.920 --> 0:27:37.520
<v Speaker 1>but I told him it was a specimen and that

0:27:37.600 --> 0:27:39.520
<v Speaker 1>I would have to keep it. Freeman wrote, I had

0:27:39.520 --> 0:27:41.960
<v Speaker 1>the ring, repad and the Freeman Man crest and de

0:27:42.040 --> 0:27:45.119
<v Speaker 1>graved on it for years. Afterward, Freeman wore the specimen

0:27:45.160 --> 0:27:49.960
<v Speaker 1>on a goat shade. If we were in an episode

0:27:49.960 --> 0:27:54.000
<v Speaker 1>of Mine Hunters, this is what we would call a trophy. Yeah,

0:27:54.160 --> 0:28:00.159
<v Speaker 1>that's fucked up. What a conversation starter, though. I like

0:28:00.240 --> 0:28:07.159
<v Speaker 1>that you don that crest aftermarket because this used to

0:28:07.160 --> 0:28:11.600
<v Speaker 1>be this used to be a broken ring. How so well,

0:28:11.680 --> 0:28:14.439
<v Speaker 1>a gentleman came in had it in his nethers. I

0:28:14.480 --> 0:28:21.800
<v Speaker 1>took it off and now I probably present it wo man. Wow, yeah,

0:28:22.200 --> 0:28:25.439
<v Speaker 1>real quick, think about this. There's a chance, unless he

0:28:25.520 --> 0:28:29.920
<v Speaker 1>was buried with it, that ring is out there somewhere. God,

0:28:29.960 --> 0:28:34.200
<v Speaker 1>I hope. So if you have Walter Freeman's cockering necklace,

0:28:35.160 --> 0:28:38.200
<v Speaker 1>I would pay good money to have it. I don't

0:28:38.240 --> 0:28:40.320
<v Speaker 1>know what I would do with it. We'll find a

0:28:40.400 --> 0:28:45.440
<v Speaker 1>use for it. If you could start collecting things from

0:28:45.480 --> 0:28:48.080
<v Speaker 1>your episodes and you'd be like the Collector and Guardians

0:28:48.080 --> 0:28:50.480
<v Speaker 1>of the Galaxy in the Marvel universe. But you're like, oh,

0:28:50.560 --> 0:28:52.920
<v Speaker 1>that's actually from the episode where we talk about, because

0:28:52.960 --> 0:28:55.360
<v Speaker 1>that ring is gotta be I bet somebody doesn't even

0:28:55.400 --> 0:28:57.640
<v Speaker 1>know what they have. Or if I get a TV

0:28:57.800 --> 0:29:00.680
<v Speaker 1>show that would be that would be the premises me

0:29:00.760 --> 0:29:03.480
<v Speaker 1>hunting down artifacts of terrible people will start with like

0:29:03.520 --> 0:29:07.720
<v Speaker 1>an original copy of one of Hitler's favorite, uh fantasy novels.

0:29:08.280 --> 0:29:12.200
<v Speaker 1>But yeah, yeah, yeah, Saddam Hussein's typewriter, you know, all

0:29:12.200 --> 0:29:15.480
<v Speaker 1>the all the all the great, all the hits, Ron

0:29:15.560 --> 0:29:20.880
<v Speaker 1>Hubbard's I don't know, uh boat yeah, or like that

0:29:20.920 --> 0:29:23.000
<v Speaker 1>first episode I did where we talked about the Nazis

0:29:23.000 --> 0:29:26.880
<v Speaker 1>in Hollywood, like even an old like Lemley's like movie

0:29:26.920 --> 0:29:32.360
<v Speaker 1>cars o hell yeah yeah, yeah, the city of Pittsburgh. Man,

0:29:32.440 --> 0:29:34.520
<v Speaker 1>there's a lot of things to collect. Okay, sorry I

0:29:34.520 --> 0:29:36.480
<v Speaker 1>have derailed this, but that that I mean, how could

0:29:36.480 --> 0:29:41.520
<v Speaker 1>I not? We just went filing tale. Yeah. So. Walter

0:29:41.600 --> 0:29:44.400
<v Speaker 1>spent a year in Europe, doing medical residences in France

0:29:44.440 --> 0:29:47.360
<v Speaker 1>and performing medical testing on animals. The highlight of his

0:29:47.400 --> 0:29:50.000
<v Speaker 1>trip was watching the autopsy of an elephant. He was

0:29:50.040 --> 0:29:53.160
<v Speaker 1>fascinated by the four hour task of opening the creature's

0:29:53.160 --> 0:29:56.040
<v Speaker 1>skull to remove its brain. Walter's first thought was that

0:29:56.080 --> 0:29:58.680
<v Speaker 1>a jackhammer would have been the ideal tool. To remove it.

0:29:59.040 --> 0:30:01.840
<v Speaker 1>But this thought, pro says, spawned a lifelong fascination in

0:30:01.880 --> 0:30:05.160
<v Speaker 1>finding unique ways to break into skulls and access brains.

0:30:05.680 --> 0:30:10.840
<v Speaker 1>He is into that do what you love, the money

0:30:10.840 --> 0:30:16.560
<v Speaker 1>will follow. His first major job came courtesy of his grandfather, Keene,

0:30:16.600 --> 0:30:18.880
<v Speaker 1>who used his connections to get his grandson a gig

0:30:18.920 --> 0:30:21.880
<v Speaker 1>as the senior medical officer in charge of St. Elizabeth's

0:30:21.880 --> 0:30:25.480
<v Speaker 1>Hospital in Washington, d C. This was a psychiatric hospital,

0:30:25.520 --> 0:30:27.680
<v Speaker 1>and working there gave Walter a direct look into the

0:30:27.680 --> 0:30:31.760
<v Speaker 1>horrific ways nineteen twenties America treated the mentally unwell. St.

0:30:31.760 --> 0:30:35.160
<v Speaker 1>Elizabeth was essentially a giant box filled warehouse from the

0:30:35.240 --> 0:30:37.200
<v Speaker 1>end of Raiders of the Lost Arc, but filled with

0:30:37.240 --> 0:30:40.560
<v Speaker 1>sick people instead of antiquities. There were very few real

0:30:40.600 --> 0:30:43.720
<v Speaker 1>treatments for psychiatric disorders, so patients were just locked in

0:30:43.760 --> 0:30:46.520
<v Speaker 1>there together until they either died or lied well enough

0:30:46.600 --> 0:30:49.440
<v Speaker 1>to claim that they had had a spontaneous remission. That

0:30:49.560 --> 0:30:53.520
<v Speaker 1>was that was healthcare back then. Oh yeah, your head sick, huh, Well,

0:30:53.560 --> 0:30:55.680
<v Speaker 1>we're gonna put you in a miserable box until you

0:30:55.720 --> 0:31:00.840
<v Speaker 1>decide you're healthy. Yeah yeah. Walter or Freeman found this

0:31:00.920 --> 0:31:04.680
<v Speaker 1>new charge horrifying. He was sickened by the forty inmates

0:31:04.720 --> 0:31:07.840
<v Speaker 1>of his asylum, and he wrote the slouching figures, the

0:31:07.920 --> 0:31:11.120
<v Speaker 1>vacant stare or averted eyes, the shabby clothing and footwear,

0:31:11.160 --> 0:31:14.560
<v Speaker 1>the general and tidiness all aroused rejection rather than sympathy

0:31:14.640 --> 0:31:19.720
<v Speaker 1>or interest. So he's horrified and not sympathetic with these people. Yeah,

0:31:20.320 --> 0:31:22.880
<v Speaker 1>it doesn't feel bad for him at all. Yeah, yeah,

0:31:22.880 --> 0:31:27.040
<v Speaker 1>they're they're just he's just disgusted by them. Now, since

0:31:27.240 --> 0:31:29.840
<v Speaker 1>the inmates of this asylum were too pitiful to deserve

0:31:29.840 --> 0:31:32.920
<v Speaker 1>Walter's sympathy, he instead focused on learning about the brain

0:31:33.040 --> 0:31:35.680
<v Speaker 1>of the psychotic, as he called it, which is again

0:31:36.000 --> 0:31:38.120
<v Speaker 1>was like the general it's a specific term now, it

0:31:38.200 --> 0:31:40.400
<v Speaker 1>was just the general term for anyone that was like

0:31:40.880 --> 0:31:44.720
<v Speaker 1>not fitting into society back you couldn't conform. Yeah, Walter's

0:31:44.760 --> 0:31:47.320
<v Speaker 1>goal was less to alleviate discomfort and more to help

0:31:47.320 --> 0:31:51.400
<v Speaker 1>these people return to life as productive members of capitalist society. Quote.

0:31:51.680 --> 0:31:53.920
<v Speaker 1>I looked around me at the hundreds of patients and thought,

0:31:54.080 --> 0:31:56.960
<v Speaker 1>what a waste of manpower and woman power. So again,

0:31:57.560 --> 0:32:04.400
<v Speaker 1>not particularly sympathetic to their suffering. He is very gender inclusive. Yeah. Yeah.

0:32:04.560 --> 0:32:07.760
<v Speaker 1>Towards this end, he experimented with differing oxygen levels and

0:32:07.760 --> 0:32:09.960
<v Speaker 1>their impacts on the brain of manic people. He also

0:32:10.040 --> 0:32:13.680
<v Speaker 1>pioneered a new easier method of collecting spinal taps from

0:32:13.680 --> 0:32:16.920
<v Speaker 1>the lobotomist. Instead of recruiting help to secure patients in

0:32:16.960 --> 0:32:19.000
<v Speaker 1>a deep bend while sitting then inserting the needle of

0:32:19.000 --> 0:32:21.840
<v Speaker 1>a collection syringe between the vertebra, Freeman employed what he

0:32:21.880 --> 0:32:25.040
<v Speaker 1>was fond of calling the jiffy spinal tap. Without assistance

0:32:25.080 --> 0:32:27.840
<v Speaker 1>from other staff members. Freeman directed patients to sit backward

0:32:27.880 --> 0:32:30.080
<v Speaker 1>on a chair and deeply bend their neck over the

0:32:30.160 --> 0:32:32.880
<v Speaker 1>chair back, carefully navigating the opening at the base of

0:32:32.880 --> 0:32:35.120
<v Speaker 1>this goal. He then pushed a needle into a reservoir

0:32:35.120 --> 0:32:38.440
<v Speaker 1>of spinal fluid located just inside but perilously close to

0:32:38.480 --> 0:32:40.480
<v Speaker 1>the base of the brain. Even a slight error in

0:32:40.520 --> 0:32:42.880
<v Speaker 1>the insertion of the needle could permanently injure the patient.

0:32:43.880 --> 0:32:46.800
<v Speaker 1>So Walt, he's just showing off, and this this risk

0:32:46.880 --> 0:32:49.840
<v Speaker 1>was worth because it allowed him to work alone without

0:32:49.840 --> 0:32:53.440
<v Speaker 1>close collaboration with colleagues. Um now a mature adult, Walter

0:32:53.560 --> 0:32:55.360
<v Speaker 1>was still very much a loner, and he preferred his

0:32:55.400 --> 0:32:58.000
<v Speaker 1>own professional company to acting as part of a team,

0:32:58.080 --> 0:33:00.280
<v Speaker 1>even when that went meant a greater risk to the aation.

0:33:00.720 --> 0:33:03.600
<v Speaker 1>Walter opened a private practice while working at St. Elizabeth's

0:33:03.640 --> 0:33:05.800
<v Speaker 1>to further his research, and also took a job as

0:33:05.800 --> 0:33:09.120
<v Speaker 1>a professor of neurology at George Washington University. By the

0:33:09.160 --> 0:33:12.120
<v Speaker 1>early nineteen thirties, he had a well earned reputation as

0:33:12.120 --> 0:33:17.520
<v Speaker 1>a psychiatric pioneer. Now, Walter was largely responsible for the

0:33:17.520 --> 0:33:21.240
<v Speaker 1>introduction of several exciting new treatments, insulin shock therapy, which

0:33:21.240 --> 0:33:24.960
<v Speaker 1>plunged patients into insulin shock to try and correct schizophrenic symptoms.

0:33:25.240 --> 0:33:29.680
<v Speaker 1>He also experimented with metrosol shock therapy and electro convulsive therapy.

0:33:29.960 --> 0:33:32.280
<v Speaker 1>The essential goal of all these treatments was the same

0:33:32.440 --> 0:33:35.080
<v Speaker 1>to slap sick people out of their issues by horribly

0:33:35.080 --> 0:33:40.240
<v Speaker 1>traumatizing their system. So he's that kind of doctor. He's like, Ah,

0:33:40.280 --> 0:33:42.080
<v Speaker 1>these people have a problem. We just need to funk

0:33:42.120 --> 0:33:44.920
<v Speaker 1>them up enough that they they get their ship together.

0:33:44.960 --> 0:33:47.120
<v Speaker 1>The only time I know of something like this working

0:33:47.200 --> 0:33:49.480
<v Speaker 1>is in heat stroke, because you instantly need to be

0:33:49.520 --> 0:33:51.840
<v Speaker 1>put into an ice tub right away, Like we need

0:33:51.880 --> 0:33:55.600
<v Speaker 1>to shock you out of the thing you're in. But

0:33:55.680 --> 0:33:59.680
<v Speaker 1>the idea that we could take anything psychologically and essentially

0:34:00.320 --> 0:34:03.640
<v Speaker 1>smack you out of it through one form of mild

0:34:03.720 --> 0:34:09.200
<v Speaker 1>torture or another is insane. Who did this ever work

0:34:09.440 --> 0:34:11.520
<v Speaker 1>enough that somebody was like, I think this is the

0:34:11.520 --> 0:34:15.759
<v Speaker 1>way to do it, you know. Um, So what There's

0:34:15.760 --> 0:34:17.160
<v Speaker 1>a couple of things going on here. One of them

0:34:17.200 --> 0:34:20.000
<v Speaker 1>is that electro convulsive therapy is still at a very

0:34:20.000 --> 0:34:23.440
<v Speaker 1>small scale used today. There are certain people with certain

0:34:23.760 --> 0:34:26.640
<v Speaker 1>fairly rare problems that it can help. So I'm sure

0:34:26.680 --> 0:34:29.600
<v Speaker 1>there were some people who had very severe psychiatric distress

0:34:29.880 --> 0:34:32.840
<v Speaker 1>who were helped by the electro convulsive therapy a tiny

0:34:32.880 --> 0:34:34.960
<v Speaker 1>fraction of the total, and I'm sure there was a

0:34:35.040 --> 0:34:40.320
<v Speaker 1>larger number who were while they had issues, were also

0:34:40.719 --> 0:34:42.919
<v Speaker 1>able to realize like, oh my god, they're gonna keep

0:34:43.000 --> 0:34:45.239
<v Speaker 1>torturing me if I don't pretend to be better, And

0:34:45.280 --> 0:34:47.640
<v Speaker 1>so they would just like, okay, i'll be better. I won't.

0:34:47.640 --> 0:34:49.640
<v Speaker 1>I won't kind of I won't let you know I'm suffering.

0:34:49.800 --> 0:34:52.680
<v Speaker 1>Isn't that kind of like the mouse in the maze?

0:34:52.840 --> 0:34:55.359
<v Speaker 1>Oh I just got to stop this and so that

0:34:55.360 --> 0:34:58.440
<v Speaker 1>that doesn't happen to me anymore. Yeah, but you're learning

0:34:58.480 --> 0:35:01.879
<v Speaker 1>through like not you're learning or just like have love

0:35:02.040 --> 0:35:05.120
<v Speaker 1>and dog type ship of like this just happens to

0:35:05.160 --> 0:35:07.440
<v Speaker 1>you every time. So you just learned to like stop

0:35:07.480 --> 0:35:11.200
<v Speaker 1>being loud, but nothing's changed. Yeah, that's a kind of

0:35:11.440 --> 0:35:13.360
<v Speaker 1>I think what goes on with a lot of these people.

0:35:13.440 --> 0:35:16.000
<v Speaker 1>It's a mix of the tiny amount who like legitimately

0:35:16.040 --> 0:35:18.560
<v Speaker 1>do benefit from it because electric convulsive therapy can be

0:35:18.640 --> 0:35:21.520
<v Speaker 1>helpful and a larger number who were like, oh, this

0:35:21.600 --> 0:35:25.399
<v Speaker 1>is awful, I'll just stop complaining. Yes, I don't want

0:35:25.400 --> 0:35:29.640
<v Speaker 1>to go through this anymore. Um now. It was nineteen

0:35:29.719 --> 0:35:32.600
<v Speaker 1>thirty five when Walter Freeman first ran into the treatment

0:35:32.640 --> 0:35:34.759
<v Speaker 1>that would come to define his practice and the great

0:35:34.800 --> 0:35:37.600
<v Speaker 1>bulk of his adult life. That year, he attended a

0:35:37.640 --> 0:35:40.600
<v Speaker 1>presentation in London by a researcher who had experimented with

0:35:40.680 --> 0:35:44.200
<v Speaker 1>damaging the frontal lobes of chimpanzees just to see what happened.

0:35:44.520 --> 0:35:46.600
<v Speaker 1>The results were more or less what you'd expect. These

0:35:46.640 --> 0:35:50.880
<v Speaker 1>brain damage chimps became quiet, listless, inactive. Freeman and a

0:35:50.920 --> 0:35:54.840
<v Speaker 1>Portuguese neurologists us money is, we're both fascinated by this.

0:35:55.520 --> 0:35:57.840
<v Speaker 1>Mona is right away headed back home to Portugal to

0:35:57.920 --> 0:36:01.080
<v Speaker 1>experiment with severing the frontal lobes of human beings. The

0:36:01.160 --> 0:36:04.000
<v Speaker 1>thinking was that if this procedure could calm chimpanzees down,

0:36:04.120 --> 0:36:06.560
<v Speaker 1>it might have the same effect on people suffering from

0:36:06.560 --> 0:36:09.560
<v Speaker 1>a mental illness that led to radical swings in personality

0:36:09.600 --> 0:36:13.840
<v Speaker 1>and mood, stuff like a bipolar disorders exactly, seizure disorders

0:36:13.840 --> 0:36:15.919
<v Speaker 1>and stuff, a whole bunch of different things, because again,

0:36:16.320 --> 0:36:18.400
<v Speaker 1>a lot of stuff that we now recognize our separate

0:36:18.440 --> 0:36:21.359
<v Speaker 1>things were all lumped together back in that day. Um

0:36:21.440 --> 0:36:23.799
<v Speaker 1>So if you were like a schizophrenic, or if you

0:36:23.880 --> 0:36:26.200
<v Speaker 1>had a seizure disorder, or if you were bipolar, they

0:36:26.280 --> 0:36:29.120
<v Speaker 1>might just say, lump all those people together is the

0:36:29.160 --> 0:36:32.719
<v Speaker 1>same thing. You know. They weren't great at this yet. Uh.

0:36:32.880 --> 0:36:36.160
<v Speaker 1>In nineteen thirty six, Antonio Monez had perfected his treatment,

0:36:36.280 --> 0:36:39.200
<v Speaker 1>the leucotomy, which involved drilling two small holes in the

0:36:39.239 --> 0:36:41.520
<v Speaker 1>side of the head in order to sever connective tissue

0:36:41.560 --> 0:36:44.759
<v Speaker 1>that attached the frontal lobe to the rest of the brain. Now,

0:36:44.800 --> 0:36:48.600
<v Speaker 1>at the time, there were two main theories of psychiatric illness.

0:36:48.640 --> 0:36:51.080
<v Speaker 1>The first, which was pushed by guys like Freud, was

0:36:51.120 --> 0:36:54.520
<v Speaker 1>that psychiatric ailments were all basically the result of buried memories,

0:36:54.520 --> 0:36:57.799
<v Speaker 1>misplaced desires, past traumas, things that you could sit down

0:36:57.840 --> 0:37:00.400
<v Speaker 1>and work out with a psychotherapist over a small mountain

0:37:00.400 --> 0:37:04.040
<v Speaker 1>of cocaine and uncomfortable couch. The other theory was that

0:37:04.120 --> 0:37:07.120
<v Speaker 1>these illnesses were caused by emotional signals from the brain

0:37:07.239 --> 0:37:10.160
<v Speaker 1>that were so strong they simply overwhelmed a person. Now,

0:37:10.200 --> 0:37:14.800
<v Speaker 1>obviously neither theory is entirely right um, but the theory

0:37:14.920 --> 0:37:17.600
<v Speaker 1>that guys like Freeman would adopt, which was that you

0:37:17.640 --> 0:37:19.560
<v Speaker 1>know these it was a bunch of signals from the brain,

0:37:20.000 --> 0:37:23.560
<v Speaker 1>was closer to right than Freud's theory because it explains

0:37:23.560 --> 0:37:27.000
<v Speaker 1>stuff like you know, um uh, seizure disorders or like

0:37:27.040 --> 0:37:30.240
<v Speaker 1>schizophrenia and stuff which are not You can't talk therapy

0:37:30.320 --> 0:37:32.759
<v Speaker 1>someone with schizophrenia out of having issues like it's a

0:37:32.760 --> 0:37:34.799
<v Speaker 1>problem with like signals their brain is sending and they

0:37:34.840 --> 0:37:38.440
<v Speaker 1>need some sorts of medication. I think sometimes surgery helps.

0:37:38.960 --> 0:37:43.120
<v Speaker 1>But like so, Freeman is on the right track. What

0:37:43.280 --> 0:37:45.880
<v Speaker 1>he and other scientists who like adopt this school of

0:37:45.920 --> 0:37:49.040
<v Speaker 1>thought are realizing is that you can't talk your way

0:37:49.040 --> 0:37:51.040
<v Speaker 1>through all of your mental problems, which is correct. There

0:37:51.040 --> 0:37:53.440
<v Speaker 1>are mental problems that have to be dealt with on

0:37:53.440 --> 0:37:56.239
<v Speaker 1>like more of a chemical physical level. So that's what

0:37:56.280 --> 0:37:58.279
<v Speaker 1>I say when I say he was he was right

0:37:58.360 --> 0:38:02.879
<v Speaker 1>about sort of what the issues were. Um but then

0:38:02.960 --> 0:38:05.839
<v Speaker 1>we get into what he decided the treatment should be,

0:38:05.880 --> 0:38:09.000
<v Speaker 1>which was not correct. But he was on the right

0:38:09.000 --> 0:38:11.719
<v Speaker 1>track when he like figured out like what was going

0:38:11.760 --> 0:38:14.239
<v Speaker 1>on with people where he was closer to write than

0:38:14.280 --> 0:38:18.279
<v Speaker 1>a lot of mainstream doctors. So Maniza's leucotomy seemed to

0:38:18.320 --> 0:38:20.880
<v Speaker 1>provide relief to a number of patients. And I should

0:38:20.920 --> 0:38:24.000
<v Speaker 1>note that there are variants of this procedure we used today.

0:38:24.440 --> 0:38:27.400
<v Speaker 1>Patients suffering from some types of seizure disorders sometimes have

0:38:27.480 --> 0:38:30.120
<v Speaker 1>parts of the brain disconnected from one another to stop

0:38:30.160 --> 0:38:32.319
<v Speaker 1>or reduce the frequency of said seizures. We still do

0:38:32.480 --> 0:38:35.440
<v Speaker 1>use brain surgery. That's kind of an evolution of the

0:38:35.520 --> 0:38:38.279
<v Speaker 1>leucotomy to treat people today, and it can be very

0:38:38.360 --> 0:38:40.759
<v Speaker 1>helpful to again a very small number of people who

0:38:40.760 --> 0:38:44.000
<v Speaker 1>suffer with these disorders. Um. So Moniz was experimenting with

0:38:44.080 --> 0:38:47.080
<v Speaker 1>real medicine and he was very responsible with the implications

0:38:47.080 --> 0:38:49.600
<v Speaker 1>of his treatment. When he received the Nobel Prize for

0:38:49.640 --> 0:38:52.239
<v Speaker 1>it in nineteen forty nine, he insisted the leucotomy was

0:38:52.320 --> 0:38:54.560
<v Speaker 1>only to be used as a treatment of last resort

0:38:54.800 --> 0:38:58.000
<v Speaker 1>when absolutely nothing else could provide a patient with relief.

0:38:58.360 --> 0:39:00.960
<v Speaker 1>So Monez not gonna say is a bad guy. He's

0:39:01.000 --> 0:39:03.000
<v Speaker 1>one of the early experimenters with what would come to

0:39:03.000 --> 0:39:05.360
<v Speaker 1>be known as a lobotomy. But he's he's doing it

0:39:05.400 --> 0:39:08.120
<v Speaker 1>because number one, he recognizes it does help in some cases,

0:39:08.160 --> 0:39:10.719
<v Speaker 1>and he's he's very clear about like, we only do

0:39:10.760 --> 0:39:12.759
<v Speaker 1>this if there's no other chance of them living a

0:39:12.760 --> 0:39:15.359
<v Speaker 1>normal life, or if we want to funk with a chimpanzee.

0:39:16.360 --> 0:39:19.120
<v Speaker 1>That was the other guy. Oh that's right, sorry, yeah, yeah,

0:39:19.200 --> 0:39:21.399
<v Speaker 1>yeah yeah. Moniz just watched that and was like, oh, ship,

0:39:21.520 --> 0:39:25.840
<v Speaker 1>this might best. Yeah. Now. Walter Freeman paid attention to

0:39:25.880 --> 0:39:28.400
<v Speaker 1>the work of Antonio Moniz, but he was not convinced

0:39:28.400 --> 0:39:30.799
<v Speaker 1>that the leucotomy ought to be a last resort for

0:39:30.840 --> 0:39:33.600
<v Speaker 1>suffering people. As the manager of an asylum, he was

0:39:33.640 --> 0:39:36.239
<v Speaker 1>deeply frustrated by how much time and manpower it took

0:39:36.280 --> 0:39:40.920
<v Speaker 1>to subdue patients dealing with psychotic episodes, schizophrenic breaks, manic faces, etcetera.

0:39:41.280 --> 0:39:43.040
<v Speaker 1>The idea that all this could be calmed by the

0:39:43.280 --> 0:39:46.120
<v Speaker 1>just chopping up their brains was deeply appealing to him.

0:39:46.640 --> 0:39:50.080
<v Speaker 1>So start, yeah, yeah, that'll that'll make it. Wait my job.

0:39:50.200 --> 0:39:55.000
<v Speaker 1>So I'm sick of what if I just break them?

0:39:55.400 --> 0:39:59.600
<v Speaker 1>Line them up? So Freeman developed a modification of moniz

0:39:59.719 --> 0:40:02.520
<v Speaker 1>is pers Sieger and renamed it a lobotomy in much

0:40:02.560 --> 0:40:05.880
<v Speaker 1>the same way as Oreos modified the hydrox cookie, and

0:40:05.960 --> 0:40:09.360
<v Speaker 1>like Oreos, Freeman's procedure was destined to capture the vast

0:40:09.400 --> 0:40:12.480
<v Speaker 1>majority of the market share for such a product. Like Oreos,

0:40:12.680 --> 0:40:14.799
<v Speaker 1>you gotta get to that middle good stuff and get

0:40:14.840 --> 0:40:17.319
<v Speaker 1>that out. You got you gotta get that out now.

0:40:17.320 --> 0:40:19.560
<v Speaker 1>I'm gonna quote now from Jack L. High, who wrote

0:40:19.600 --> 0:40:22.520
<v Speaker 1>The Lobotomist and also wrote this piece for The Washington Post.

0:40:23.520 --> 0:40:26.680
<v Speaker 1>To him, the intoxicating thing about psycho surgery mon iss

0:40:26.680 --> 0:40:29.680
<v Speaker 1>coin term for psychiatric surgery, was its potential to sever

0:40:29.760 --> 0:40:32.480
<v Speaker 1>the links between the over excited emotions of an unhealthy

0:40:32.480 --> 0:40:35.200
<v Speaker 1>thalamus and the behavioral functions of the prefrontal lobes of

0:40:35.239 --> 0:40:37.640
<v Speaker 1>the brain. If it worked, the destruction of these nerve

0:40:37.680 --> 0:40:41.239
<v Speaker 1>fibers would prevent the thalamus from poisoning patients. Thinking he

0:40:41.280 --> 0:40:44.880
<v Speaker 1>absorbed the details of Moniss work, and with neurosurgeon Watts

0:40:44.920 --> 0:40:48.600
<v Speaker 1>became figuring out how to adapt the Portuguese physicians techniques.

0:40:48.840 --> 0:40:51.560
<v Speaker 1>Freeman and Watts used brains from the hospital Morgue to

0:40:51.600 --> 0:40:54.200
<v Speaker 1>practice the coring of sections of the prefrontal lobes with

0:40:54.200 --> 0:40:56.640
<v Speaker 1>a lukatom, which is the device they'd used for that.

0:40:57.040 --> 0:40:59.160
<v Speaker 1>But the summer of nineteen thirty six, they were ready

0:40:59.160 --> 0:41:03.600
<v Speaker 1>for a live patient, a Miss Hammett from Topeka, Kansas. Now.

0:41:03.880 --> 0:41:07.200
<v Speaker 1>Ms Hammett was sixty three years old. She suffered from depression.

0:41:07.360 --> 0:41:11.400
<v Speaker 1>She had frequent hysterical fits and difficulties sleeping. Freeman talked

0:41:11.400 --> 0:41:13.799
<v Speaker 1>with her and concluded that a lobotomy was the only

0:41:13.800 --> 0:41:15.759
<v Speaker 1>way for her to avoid spending the rest of her

0:41:15.800 --> 0:41:18.840
<v Speaker 1>life in a mental hospital. Much of the impetus behind

0:41:18.880 --> 0:41:21.080
<v Speaker 1>this seems to have been her husband, who was tired

0:41:21.120 --> 0:41:23.480
<v Speaker 1>of dealing with a wife who needed help herself rather

0:41:23.520 --> 0:41:27.080
<v Speaker 1>than just preparing meals for him and staying quiet. Freeman

0:41:27.080 --> 0:41:29.880
<v Speaker 1>and his new partner Watts, schedule Miss Hammett for an

0:41:29.880 --> 0:41:35.239
<v Speaker 1>appointment on September nineteen thirty six. Now, the first lobotomy

0:41:35.320 --> 0:41:38.000
<v Speaker 1>did not start off well. Miss Hammett tried to back

0:41:38.040 --> 0:41:40.160
<v Speaker 1>out when she learned the procedure would require her to

0:41:40.200 --> 0:41:42.840
<v Speaker 1>shave her head. Many of her mental health issues focused

0:41:42.840 --> 0:41:45.040
<v Speaker 1>around an obsession with her thinning hair, so this was

0:41:45.080 --> 0:41:48.920
<v Speaker 1>obviously a matter of grave concern for her. WHOA, yeah,

0:41:49.120 --> 0:41:53.319
<v Speaker 1>we're doing the one thing she's already upset about. Oh yeah, yeah.

0:41:53.400 --> 0:41:55.600
<v Speaker 1>So Freeman and Watts assured her they would only have

0:41:55.680 --> 0:41:57.960
<v Speaker 1>to shave off a few small sections of her scalp.

0:41:58.160 --> 0:42:01.640
<v Speaker 1>This was a lie, obviously. Once they forcibly anesthetized her,

0:42:01.719 --> 0:42:04.560
<v Speaker 1>they shaved her bald. Freeman recorded that her last words

0:42:04.600 --> 0:42:07.640
<v Speaker 1>before going underwear, Who is that man? What does he

0:42:07.680 --> 0:42:09.440
<v Speaker 1>want here? What is he going to do to me?

0:42:09.760 --> 0:42:12.080
<v Speaker 1>Tell him to go away? Oh? I don't want to

0:42:12.120 --> 0:42:15.560
<v Speaker 1>see him. Yeah, Well that's how crazy people talk. So

0:42:15.520 --> 0:42:18.920
<v Speaker 1>still I don't think that. Oh yeah, that's him. Yeah,

0:42:18.960 --> 0:42:23.120
<v Speaker 1>I think she's very reasonable. That's my point. Once, once

0:42:23.160 --> 0:42:24.920
<v Speaker 1>you've been like labeled, we're going to do this to you,

0:42:25.000 --> 0:42:27.120
<v Speaker 1>no matter what you say, They're like, well you would

0:42:27.120 --> 0:42:29.800
<v Speaker 1>talk like that, You're a crazy You need her a

0:42:29.880 --> 0:42:34.360
<v Speaker 1>looney loony. With Freeman watching, Wat's drilled six holes a

0:42:34.440 --> 0:42:36.840
<v Speaker 1>top miss Hammett's skull and inserted a luca toom, a

0:42:36.920 --> 0:42:39.919
<v Speaker 1>device that essentially hold the brain into each hole, both

0:42:39.960 --> 0:42:42.640
<v Speaker 1>doctors worked together on leisuroning the brain, with Watts the

0:42:42.680 --> 0:42:45.920
<v Speaker 1>actual surgeon, managing the whole affair, and as odd as

0:42:45.960 --> 0:42:48.560
<v Speaker 1>it sounds, the lobotomy seems to have helped Miss Hammett,

0:42:48.600 --> 0:42:51.280
<v Speaker 1>At least she and her husband both reported that it helped.

0:42:51.600 --> 0:42:55.040
<v Speaker 1>Freeman wrote in his autobiography, she survived five years, according

0:42:55.080 --> 0:42:57.480
<v Speaker 1>to Mr Hammett, the happiest years of her life. As

0:42:57.520 --> 0:42:59.360
<v Speaker 1>she expressed it, she could go to the theater and

0:42:59.400 --> 0:43:01.600
<v Speaker 1>really enjoy the play without thinking of what her back

0:43:01.640 --> 0:43:04.480
<v Speaker 1>hair looked like or whether her shoes pinched. And it

0:43:04.600 --> 0:43:07.640
<v Speaker 1>is entirely possible that this is an accurate representation of

0:43:07.640 --> 0:43:11.200
<v Speaker 1>how Miss Hammett felt. Many of Dr Freeman's lobotomy patients

0:43:11.239 --> 0:43:14.399
<v Speaker 1>experienced relief from some of their symptoms. That said, even

0:43:14.400 --> 0:43:18.000
<v Speaker 1>the positive experiences with lobotomies are clouded by deeply disturbing

0:43:18.080 --> 0:43:21.480
<v Speaker 1>questions of consent and structures of oppression. They're saying speaking

0:43:21.480 --> 0:43:25.440
<v Speaker 1>of sorry, sorry, I just really they're saying it actually worked. Yeah,

0:43:25.480 --> 0:43:28.799
<v Speaker 1>she she experienced relief that was not wildly uncommon with

0:43:28.920 --> 0:43:32.040
<v Speaker 1>his patients. Yeah, but if she's worried about her shoes

0:43:32.080 --> 0:43:33.640
<v Speaker 1>and stuff, it's kind of sounds to me like, and

0:43:33.680 --> 0:43:36.080
<v Speaker 1>I know we're near a professional and so please take

0:43:36.080 --> 0:43:38.160
<v Speaker 1>this with the grain ofshal anyone who hears my voice

0:43:38.480 --> 0:43:40.880
<v Speaker 1>that maybe she suffers some some sort of like O. C.

0:43:41.000 --> 0:43:44.960
<v Speaker 1>D she was like worried about and so the lobotomy

0:43:45.040 --> 0:43:48.319
<v Speaker 1>just made her not really care about anything. So they're like, oh,

0:43:48.360 --> 0:43:51.279
<v Speaker 1>things are better. Well, yep, no, you just don't care

0:43:51.320 --> 0:43:54.799
<v Speaker 1>about anything. That's not I guess, I guess you're not

0:43:54.840 --> 0:43:56.560
<v Speaker 1>doing the thing you did. But I don't know if

0:43:56.560 --> 0:43:58.880
<v Speaker 1>that falls into category better. But but for them at

0:43:58.920 --> 0:44:01.240
<v Speaker 1>the time, they were saying that for them at the time,

0:44:02.280 --> 0:44:05.440
<v Speaker 1>this woman was complaining. Now the woman's not complaining. We

0:44:05.600 --> 0:44:08.960
<v Speaker 1>fixed her. It's a different Yeah, we're going to get

0:44:08.960 --> 0:44:11.120
<v Speaker 1>into that a little bit more and how problematic all

0:44:11.200 --> 0:44:13.160
<v Speaker 1>this was. But again, it's important you know that at

0:44:13.160 --> 0:44:15.920
<v Speaker 1>the time this looked to again the men who were

0:44:15.920 --> 0:44:18.759
<v Speaker 1>the only ones whose opinions mattered in this situation, as

0:44:18.800 --> 0:44:24.000
<v Speaker 1>if they were making people like Mrs Hammett better. Um,

0:44:24.000 --> 0:44:27.759
<v Speaker 1>now you know what will make you better, Daniel van Kirk.

0:44:28.840 --> 0:44:33.200
<v Speaker 1>The products and services that advertise on this show. Nice. Yeah,

0:44:33.440 --> 0:44:35.400
<v Speaker 1>can we go to them? Can I learn about him?

0:44:36.040 --> 0:44:48.520
<v Speaker 1>We can? Here's uh capitalism lobotomy. We're back now. Uh,

0:44:48.719 --> 0:44:52.879
<v Speaker 1>As I said before we rolled out the positive experiences

0:44:53.160 --> 0:44:55.319
<v Speaker 1>with lobotomies that you read about when you kind of

0:44:55.320 --> 0:44:59.719
<v Speaker 1>read about these early operations. Um, we're all clouded by

0:44:59.800 --> 0:45:03.080
<v Speaker 1>very disturbing questions of consent and also structures of oppression

0:45:03.120 --> 0:45:06.360
<v Speaker 1>that existed back then and still exist today. During my research,

0:45:06.400 --> 0:45:08.880
<v Speaker 1>I came across a story Corps interview with one of

0:45:08.880 --> 0:45:12.840
<v Speaker 1>Walter Freeman's patients, Patricia Mowen and her husband Patricia with

0:45:12.960 --> 0:45:15.160
<v Speaker 1>Her husband's name is Glynn. By the way, Patricia was

0:45:15.200 --> 0:45:17.799
<v Speaker 1>lobotomized in nineteen sixty two, and I'm going to read

0:45:17.840 --> 0:45:21.040
<v Speaker 1>the transcript of this husband and wife talking about her procedure.

0:45:21.080 --> 0:45:22.960
<v Speaker 1>And again, this is considered to be like one of

0:45:22.960 --> 0:45:26.239
<v Speaker 1>the stories of like a success. But I'll read this

0:45:26.320 --> 0:45:27.919
<v Speaker 1>to you and you tell me if you think there's

0:45:27.920 --> 0:45:30.320
<v Speaker 1>something fucked up going on here, but I will. Glenn Mowen,

0:45:30.840 --> 0:45:33.120
<v Speaker 1>my name is Glynn Owen. I am seventy nine years old.

0:45:33.120 --> 0:45:36.239
<v Speaker 1>I signed the release for Pat's lobotomy. Patricia Mowen, we

0:45:36.280 --> 0:45:38.279
<v Speaker 1>have not talked about it since I had the lobotomy.

0:45:38.320 --> 0:45:41.840
<v Speaker 1>I don't think ever. My husband is not a great communicator, Glenn.

0:45:42.040 --> 0:45:43.640
<v Speaker 1>I don't talk to her any more than I have

0:45:43.800 --> 0:45:47.160
<v Speaker 1>to Patricia. Glenn, be nice. Both laugh. We've been married

0:45:47.160 --> 0:45:49.400
<v Speaker 1>about thirteen years and it just started. I cried all

0:45:49.400 --> 0:45:52.080
<v Speaker 1>the time. I was just mentally no good, Glenn. One

0:45:52.160 --> 0:45:54.000
<v Speaker 1>night I came home and she said, well, I've done

0:45:54.000 --> 0:45:56.200
<v Speaker 1>it now. She'd taken a whole bottle of some kind

0:45:56.200 --> 0:46:00.000
<v Speaker 1>of pills. Patricia. That's when the doctor decided it was time. Glenn.

0:46:00.080 --> 0:46:01.959
<v Speaker 1>He told me this was the last resort. I didn't

0:46:02.000 --> 0:46:04.520
<v Speaker 1>know what else to do, Patricia. Dr Freeman said, you

0:46:04.560 --> 0:46:06.319
<v Speaker 1>can come out of this vegetable, or you can come

0:46:06.320 --> 0:46:08.440
<v Speaker 1>out dead. And I guess I was miserable enough that

0:46:08.480 --> 0:46:11.040
<v Speaker 1>I didn't care. Glenn. I was kind of worried because

0:46:11.040 --> 0:46:13.080
<v Speaker 1>of the operation of severing a nerve in the brain.

0:46:13.239 --> 0:46:15.719
<v Speaker 1>It sounded kind of wild to me, Patricia. He was

0:46:15.760 --> 0:46:18.160
<v Speaker 1>afraid he was going to lose his cook, Glenn, and

0:46:18.200 --> 0:46:21.000
<v Speaker 1>I don't like to cook. Patricia. I remember nothing after

0:46:21.000 --> 0:46:23.360
<v Speaker 1>I saw Dr Freeman. I don't remember going to the hospital,

0:46:23.440 --> 0:46:25.160
<v Speaker 1>or having it done, or how long I was there.

0:46:25.400 --> 0:46:28.040
<v Speaker 1>That's all gone, Glenn. We were coming back from San

0:46:28.120 --> 0:46:30.360
<v Speaker 1>Jose after the operation, and pat informed me that she

0:46:30.360 --> 0:46:32.279
<v Speaker 1>couldn't wait to get home because she wanted to file

0:46:32.320 --> 0:46:35.360
<v Speaker 1>for divorce. Patricia. I don't remember that at all. I

0:46:35.400 --> 0:46:37.759
<v Speaker 1>don't think I said it, Glenn. I think I just

0:46:37.800 --> 0:46:40.680
<v Speaker 1>went on driving and ignored the situation. Began to wonder myself,

0:46:40.680 --> 0:46:43.440
<v Speaker 1>how much good did this operation accomplish? Really, I can

0:46:43.480 --> 0:46:45.759
<v Speaker 1>see no changes in most areas, except she is much

0:46:45.800 --> 0:46:48.439
<v Speaker 1>easier to get along with Patricia. You didn't see any

0:46:48.520 --> 0:46:50.040
<v Speaker 1>change in the way I kept the house or the

0:46:50.080 --> 0:46:53.680
<v Speaker 1>way I Glenn. No, Patricia, I was more a free

0:46:53.719 --> 0:46:56.160
<v Speaker 1>person after I had it, just not so concerned about things.

0:46:56.239 --> 0:46:58.319
<v Speaker 1>I just went home and started living, I guess is

0:46:58.320 --> 0:46:59.719
<v Speaker 1>the best way I can say it. I was able

0:46:59.719 --> 0:47:01.600
<v Speaker 1>to get back to taking care of things and cooking

0:47:01.600 --> 0:47:04.400
<v Speaker 1>and shopping in that kind of thing. Glenn delighted it.

0:47:04.480 --> 0:47:09.440
<v Speaker 1>The way it's turned out, it's been a good life. WHOA, yeah,

0:47:09.480 --> 0:47:13.600
<v Speaker 1>that's there's a lot going on there. My favorite I

0:47:13.640 --> 0:47:16.560
<v Speaker 1>hope on Glenn's tombstone, who we know is definitely dead

0:47:16.560 --> 0:47:19.880
<v Speaker 1>by now. It says I ignored it and kept driving.

0:47:20.440 --> 0:47:23.080
<v Speaker 1>I ignored it and kept driving. That's probably how he

0:47:23.120 --> 0:47:25.040
<v Speaker 1>lived a lot of his life with her, until he

0:47:25.080 --> 0:47:27.120
<v Speaker 1>had to deal with her ass because she wouldn't do

0:47:27.160 --> 0:47:29.719
<v Speaker 1>the things she was supposed to and kept complaining about

0:47:29.719 --> 0:47:33.160
<v Speaker 1>wanting more pills. She wasn't happy cooking and shopping. So

0:47:33.239 --> 0:47:34.719
<v Speaker 1>we drilled a hole in the brain and then it

0:47:34.800 --> 0:47:36.719
<v Speaker 1>was fine. You know what, I'm also going to claim

0:47:36.760 --> 0:47:40.920
<v Speaker 1>ignorance here, my friend, I was under the assumption before

0:47:40.920 --> 0:47:43.359
<v Speaker 1>we started this that if you got a lobotomy, you

0:47:43.400 --> 0:47:46.120
<v Speaker 1>were just a shell of a person, that you were

0:47:46.160 --> 0:47:50.200
<v Speaker 1>a vegetable or you died. Like, uh, that happened a lot.

0:47:50.520 --> 0:47:53.120
<v Speaker 1>But but some people just kind of went into like

0:47:53.160 --> 0:47:55.399
<v Speaker 1>in a I don't know if you forks the right word,

0:47:55.400 --> 0:47:58.760
<v Speaker 1>but a like just a las a fair feeling towards

0:47:58.880 --> 0:48:01.760
<v Speaker 1>life after a lobotom Like they still were very cognitive,

0:48:01.800 --> 0:48:07.000
<v Speaker 1>they just didn't really have any argument nerves left. Yeah,

0:48:07.040 --> 0:48:10.000
<v Speaker 1>that's its separating the frontal lobe in the way that

0:48:10.040 --> 0:48:13.600
<v Speaker 1>they did kind of separates you from your concerns. In

0:48:13.640 --> 0:48:16.879
<v Speaker 1>some ways, it stopped people from feeling or thinking as much.

0:48:17.760 --> 0:48:21.680
<v Speaker 1>Very agreeable. Yeah, that was kind of the best case

0:48:21.719 --> 0:48:25.200
<v Speaker 1>scenario with some of these people. Um, but some they

0:48:25.480 --> 0:48:28.080
<v Speaker 1>did they detached too much or go too deep, and

0:48:28.160 --> 0:48:31.279
<v Speaker 1>that's when you get catatonic. Yeah, we'll get into that.

0:48:31.360 --> 0:48:34.080
<v Speaker 1>I mean, it's it wasn't an exact science, and they

0:48:34.080 --> 0:48:35.719
<v Speaker 1>won't be always good at it. That just blew me

0:48:35.760 --> 0:48:37.960
<v Speaker 1>away to hear that exchange, because I've been sitting here

0:48:37.960 --> 0:48:40.080
<v Speaker 1>the whole time thinking. Every lobotomy ends with just a

0:48:40.120 --> 0:48:44.440
<v Speaker 1>feeling of like, no, no, you're gone. A lot of

0:48:44.480 --> 0:48:47.120
<v Speaker 1>these people went on to live productive lives. A lot

0:48:47.160 --> 0:48:50.440
<v Speaker 1>of them were rendered catatonic. It kind of depended on

0:48:50.480 --> 0:48:54.000
<v Speaker 1>how the operation when, like the thing is, brains are weird.

0:48:54.920 --> 0:48:57.200
<v Speaker 1>I've known people who have been shot through the head

0:48:57.239 --> 0:49:01.400
<v Speaker 1>with rifles, um, and we're fine. Definitely not getting a

0:49:01.480 --> 0:49:04.160
<v Speaker 1>rifle in the studio then yeah, well, I mean they

0:49:04.200 --> 0:49:08.000
<v Speaker 1>would up fine, we could just It's just it's kind

0:49:08.000 --> 0:49:10.800
<v Speaker 1>of a crapshoot with brains. It's it's wild the amount

0:49:10.840 --> 0:49:13.920
<v Speaker 1>of things that they can go through, uh and suffer

0:49:14.040 --> 0:49:16.239
<v Speaker 1>no noticeable effects. And it's wild the number of things

0:49:16.280 --> 0:49:18.279
<v Speaker 1>that can happen to them that seem minor and just

0:49:18.360 --> 0:49:21.520
<v Speaker 1>change the person forever. Like it's a fucking crap shoot

0:49:22.040 --> 0:49:27.040
<v Speaker 1>at the look at the NFL exactly now. Mrs Hammett's

0:49:27.040 --> 0:49:29.520
<v Speaker 1>lobotomy in nineteen thirty six proved to be the beginning

0:49:29.520 --> 0:49:31.640
<v Speaker 1>of a decade's long career carving into the brains of

0:49:31.719 --> 0:49:34.200
<v Speaker 1>human beings. He and Watts were one of medicine's most

0:49:34.280 --> 0:49:37.560
<v Speaker 1>dynamic duos. Following that operation, they established an office at

0:49:37.560 --> 0:49:40.680
<v Speaker 1>a home in Washington, d C and gradually refined their technique,

0:49:40.760 --> 0:49:43.560
<v Speaker 1>replacing Moniz's luca toom with an object Jack l Hi

0:49:43.680 --> 0:49:47.120
<v Speaker 1>describes as resembling a butter knife. They also switched around

0:49:47.120 --> 0:49:49.040
<v Speaker 1>the positioning of the holes from which they cut into

0:49:49.040 --> 0:49:52.520
<v Speaker 1>the brain. When patient symptoms persisted, Watson Freeman would perform

0:49:52.600 --> 0:49:55.920
<v Speaker 1>multiple lobotomies and make deeper cuts into the brain. One patient,

0:49:56.000 --> 0:49:59.320
<v Speaker 1>a lawyer suffering from alcoholism, escaped the hospital after his

0:49:59.400 --> 0:50:02.359
<v Speaker 1>operation and was found drunk in a downtown bar. One

0:50:02.400 --> 0:50:04.840
<v Speaker 1>patient showed up after his surgery and threatened to murder

0:50:04.880 --> 0:50:08.759
<v Speaker 1>the doctors two poled guns when Freeman recommended they undergo lobotomies,

0:50:08.800 --> 0:50:11.680
<v Speaker 1>so it was not always a smooth process. From early on,

0:50:11.840 --> 0:50:15.640
<v Speaker 1>Freeman viewed proper pr as critical to gaining widespread adoption

0:50:15.680 --> 0:50:18.239
<v Speaker 1>for his new technique. He and Watts started setting up

0:50:18.239 --> 0:50:20.840
<v Speaker 1>a lobotomy booth at the annual A m A Convention

0:50:20.880 --> 0:50:24.040
<v Speaker 1>in nineteen thirty nine, crafting displays designed to draw the

0:50:24.080 --> 0:50:27.720
<v Speaker 1>attention of journalists rather than impressing other doctors. He later wrote,

0:50:27.840 --> 0:50:30.000
<v Speaker 1>I found the technique of getting noticed in the papers.

0:50:30.040 --> 0:50:31.680
<v Speaker 1>It was to arrive a day or two ahead of

0:50:31.680 --> 0:50:33.840
<v Speaker 1>the opening of the convention and installed the exhibit in

0:50:33.880 --> 0:50:36.680
<v Speaker 1>the most graphic manner, and then be alert for prowling newsmen.

0:50:37.080 --> 0:50:40.440
<v Speaker 1>Now jackal High notes that Freeman used handheld clackers to

0:50:40.480 --> 0:50:43.040
<v Speaker 1>get the attention of reporters with loud noises. He and

0:50:43.080 --> 0:50:46.360
<v Speaker 1>Watts even lobotomized a monkey in nineteen thirty nine. This

0:50:46.440 --> 0:50:50.319
<v Speaker 1>spectacular event dominated coverage of the convention. Freeman wrote that

0:50:50.480 --> 0:50:52.760
<v Speaker 1>night our monkey died, but Watson I made the headlines

0:50:52.800 --> 0:50:56.359
<v Speaker 1>even though we did not get an award, and so

0:50:56.640 --> 0:51:01.600
<v Speaker 1>so begins as press. I mean, that's what he's going

0:51:01.640 --> 0:51:04.479
<v Speaker 1>for here, that's what he's going for. Well, the monkey died,

0:51:04.560 --> 0:51:10.719
<v Speaker 1>but people seem to be interested. Now. Of the first

0:51:10.680 --> 0:51:13.360
<v Speaker 1>six twenty three surgeries Watson Freeman carried out had what

0:51:13.400 --> 0:51:18.600
<v Speaker 1>they described as good results, were fair, and were poor.

0:51:18.960 --> 0:51:22.880
<v Speaker 1>Three percent died during or immediately after the surgery, and

0:51:22.920 --> 0:51:25.760
<v Speaker 1>if you take Freeman's word for it, those are good results.

0:51:25.760 --> 0:51:28.400
<v Speaker 1>More than half of people had like a good result

0:51:28.440 --> 0:51:31.880
<v Speaker 1>of the operation, particularly considering these tended to be patients

0:51:31.880 --> 0:51:35.719
<v Speaker 1>who had exhausted conventional treatment options. However, Freeman never went

0:51:35.719 --> 0:51:38.760
<v Speaker 1>into detail about what he considered to be a good result,

0:51:38.880 --> 0:51:41.640
<v Speaker 1>nor did he update his results when patients relapsed which

0:51:41.640 --> 0:51:45.479
<v Speaker 1>was extremely common, with the result of that monkey died,

0:51:45.760 --> 0:51:50.920
<v Speaker 1>so he was he was because yeah yeah now. Nurses

0:51:50.920 --> 0:51:53.560
<v Speaker 1>reported that patients of the duo often needed to relearn

0:51:53.600 --> 0:51:57.320
<v Speaker 1>how to eat and handle other basic tasks. They soiled themselves,

0:51:57.360 --> 0:52:00.319
<v Speaker 1>flirted bizarrely with orderlies, and would sit staring off into

0:52:00.360 --> 0:52:03.600
<v Speaker 1>the distance for hours on end. Walter Freeman considered these

0:52:03.640 --> 0:52:07.560
<v Speaker 1>positive changes. The fact that lobotomy patients were dull, quiet, uncoordinated,

0:52:07.600 --> 0:52:10.760
<v Speaker 1>and lazy was he felt an improvement over manic episodes

0:52:10.800 --> 0:52:13.840
<v Speaker 1>and excessive activity. Many officials at mental hospitals felt the

0:52:13.880 --> 0:52:16.600
<v Speaker 1>same way. Freeman. Watt's patients were much easier to deal

0:52:16.640 --> 0:52:18.680
<v Speaker 1>with on a long term basis, since many of them

0:52:18.680 --> 0:52:22.840
<v Speaker 1>just sat around quietly. By Walter had started to experiment

0:52:22.880 --> 0:52:25.319
<v Speaker 1>with new methods of lobotomy. He was frustrated by the

0:52:25.320 --> 0:52:28.560
<v Speaker 1>fact that the procedure required a skilled neurosurgeon. That meant

0:52:28.600 --> 0:52:31.160
<v Speaker 1>he could only perform the operation when Watts was around,

0:52:31.200 --> 0:52:34.720
<v Speaker 1>which dramatically limited the number of people he could properly lobotomize.

0:52:35.040 --> 0:52:36.960
<v Speaker 1>This was a problem because he'd come to believe that

0:52:37.000 --> 0:52:39.920
<v Speaker 1>lobotomies worked best for patients in the early stages of

0:52:39.920 --> 0:52:42.840
<v Speaker 1>their illness. If people waited too long. He feared the

0:52:42.880 --> 0:52:46.960
<v Speaker 1>lobotomy might not really help. So he's like, we got

0:52:46.960 --> 0:52:48.719
<v Speaker 1>to get into this ship faster. This needs to be

0:52:48.760 --> 0:52:52.640
<v Speaker 1>like the first thing we're doing first. You're feeling down today,

0:52:52.760 --> 0:52:55.120
<v Speaker 1>sitting this chair and shave your head. I'll be right

0:52:55.160 --> 0:52:59.040
<v Speaker 1>there now. Walter started looking into the research of other doctors,

0:52:59.040 --> 0:53:01.240
<v Speaker 1>and he found in a town in surgeon named Tomorrow,

0:53:01.320 --> 0:53:04.640
<v Speaker 1>Fiamberti Armano had developed a new procedure for reaching the

0:53:04.680 --> 0:53:08.280
<v Speaker 1>brain without drilling careful holes in the skull. Instead, Armano

0:53:08.360 --> 0:53:10.239
<v Speaker 1>broke into the skull through a soft bone at the

0:53:10.280 --> 0:53:13.480
<v Speaker 1>rear of the ice socket. Working on corpses, Freeman developed

0:53:13.480 --> 0:53:15.759
<v Speaker 1>a method of accessing the frontal lobe of the brain

0:53:15.920 --> 0:53:18.480
<v Speaker 1>through the ice socket using an ice pick from his kitchen.

0:53:24.680 --> 0:53:27.800
<v Speaker 1>Working in secret so Watts wouldn't find out, Freeman started

0:53:27.840 --> 0:53:32.320
<v Speaker 1>performing solo lobotomies in January of ninety six. He operated

0:53:32.360 --> 0:53:34.520
<v Speaker 1>out of the office he and Watch shared, but during

0:53:34.520 --> 0:53:36.400
<v Speaker 1>hours when he knew his partner would not be in

0:53:36.440 --> 0:53:40.439
<v Speaker 1>the building, Freeman ice picked nine human brains in short order,

0:53:40.600 --> 0:53:43.920
<v Speaker 1>sending his patients home in a taxi cab. Next. According

0:53:43.960 --> 0:53:47.000
<v Speaker 1>to The Washington Post, Freeman later wrote that during his

0:53:47.080 --> 0:53:49.840
<v Speaker 1>tenth transorbital surgery, he called Watts to his office to

0:53:49.880 --> 0:53:53.040
<v Speaker 1>assess the operation. Wats later claimed, however, that he entered

0:53:53.080 --> 0:53:55.960
<v Speaker 1>Freeman's office unsummoned and found Freeman pushing an ice pick

0:53:56.000 --> 0:53:59.239
<v Speaker 1>in the ice socket of an unconscious man. Freeman audaciously

0:53:59.280 --> 0:54:01.680
<v Speaker 1>asked Wats hold the ice picks so Freeman could take

0:54:01.719 --> 0:54:05.120
<v Speaker 1>a photograph. Whichever account is true, no one disputes the

0:54:05.160 --> 0:54:07.640
<v Speaker 1>result of this encounter. Whatt's threatened to break off their

0:54:07.640 --> 0:54:11.200
<v Speaker 1>partnership if Freeman persisted in performing lobotomies himself and treating

0:54:11.360 --> 0:54:14.800
<v Speaker 1>them as office procedures done without surgical gloves or sterile draping.

0:54:15.160 --> 0:54:17.440
<v Speaker 1>For the remainder of his association with Watts, Freeman did

0:54:17.440 --> 0:54:23.200
<v Speaker 1>these operations outside the office, So that's cool now, Watson.

0:54:23.239 --> 0:54:25.880
<v Speaker 1>Freeman would later fall out professionally over the issue of

0:54:25.880 --> 0:54:29.520
<v Speaker 1>transorbital lobotomies. Although Watts retained a deep respect for his partner,

0:54:29.560 --> 0:54:32.000
<v Speaker 1>he couldn't get over his belief that brain surgery ought

0:54:32.000 --> 0:54:34.520
<v Speaker 1>to only be carried out by a competent brain surgeon,

0:54:34.760 --> 0:54:38.920
<v Speaker 1>not random guys with an ice pick. Controversial what a

0:54:39.080 --> 0:54:43.279
<v Speaker 1>crazy stance, and Freedman was like, you are far out there. No,

0:54:43.560 --> 0:54:46.719
<v Speaker 1>have you seen this ice pick? Children should be able

0:54:46.800 --> 0:54:49.879
<v Speaker 1>to fix cars, and non brain surgeons should be able

0:54:49.880 --> 0:54:54.080
<v Speaker 1>to put ice picks through people's eyes. I believe that now.

0:54:54.160 --> 0:54:56.040
<v Speaker 1>A book the two men authored on the subject of

0:54:56.040 --> 0:54:59.759
<v Speaker 1>lobotomies includes this paragraph. The authors regret to announce that

0:54:59.760 --> 0:55:01.560
<v Speaker 1>they have been unable to reach an agreement on the

0:55:01.560 --> 0:55:04.640
<v Speaker 1>subject of transorbital lobotomy. Freeman believes that he has proved

0:55:04.640 --> 0:55:06.880
<v Speaker 1>the method to be simple, quick, effective, and safe to

0:55:07.000 --> 0:55:10.360
<v Speaker 1>entrust to the psychiatrist. Watts believes that any procedure involving

0:55:10.360 --> 0:55:12.680
<v Speaker 1>cutting off the brain tissue is a major operation and

0:55:12.680 --> 0:55:15.840
<v Speaker 1>should remain in the hands of a neurological surgeon. This

0:55:15.880 --> 0:55:17.880
<v Speaker 1>is when you're in a relationship with somebody and you're like,

0:55:17.960 --> 0:55:21.120
<v Speaker 1>I don't even know why we're fighting about this. Yeah,

0:55:21.280 --> 0:55:23.480
<v Speaker 1>why we've been fighting about this? I've just I've just

0:55:23.600 --> 0:55:27.360
<v Speaker 1>ice pick, and some motherfucker's like, why are you angry? Right,

0:55:27.560 --> 0:55:33.320
<v Speaker 1>we shouldn't be having this fight. Yeah. This book, psycho

0:55:33.360 --> 0:55:36.200
<v Speaker 1>Surgery and the Treatment of Mental Disorders and Intractable Pain,

0:55:36.360 --> 0:55:38.680
<v Speaker 1>made an enormous splash in the world of medicine when

0:55:38.680 --> 0:55:41.360
<v Speaker 1>it was first published in nineteen fifty the Tomb featured

0:55:41.440 --> 0:55:44.200
<v Speaker 1>language not often used in works of medicine, like the

0:55:44.320 --> 0:55:47.160
<v Speaker 1>term scrawny frayed cats used to refer to a group

0:55:47.200 --> 0:55:50.320
<v Speaker 1>of patients. This lurd pros, along with the gaush marketing

0:55:50.360 --> 0:55:53.439
<v Speaker 1>technique used by Freeman, who attract the press, alienated many

0:55:53.480 --> 0:55:56.880
<v Speaker 1>mainstream medical professionals, but the book was popular and cemented

0:55:56.920 --> 0:55:59.720
<v Speaker 1>Freeman's status is a radical physician working on the cutting,

0:56:00.080 --> 0:56:03.480
<v Speaker 1>perhaps poking edge of medical science. On the eve of

0:56:03.480 --> 0:56:05.960
<v Speaker 1>his fifty second birthday, he wrote, I have a feeling

0:56:05.960 --> 0:56:09.120
<v Speaker 1>of competence and assurance that is almost grandiose. Maybe it

0:56:09.160 --> 0:56:11.440
<v Speaker 1>comes from superb health, and maybe from the fruition of

0:56:11.520 --> 0:56:14.120
<v Speaker 1>dreams that have proved within my grasp. But anyhow, I'm

0:56:14.160 --> 0:56:18.080
<v Speaker 1>sitting on top of the world. So that's good. He's happy.

0:56:18.560 --> 0:56:20.960
<v Speaker 1>What do you want? In our next episode, We're going

0:56:21.040 --> 0:56:23.479
<v Speaker 1>to talk about the second phase of Walter Freeman's career.

0:56:23.640 --> 0:56:25.920
<v Speaker 1>We're also going to discuss the most famous patient he

0:56:26.000 --> 0:56:29.480
<v Speaker 1>and Watts ever operated on, the poster victim of lobotomy

0:56:29.520 --> 0:56:33.719
<v Speaker 1>and sister to President John F. Kennedy, Rosemary Kennedy. But

0:56:34.040 --> 0:56:36.719
<v Speaker 1>right now, Daniel van Kirk, it's time for you to

0:56:36.840 --> 0:56:39.759
<v Speaker 1>plug some plug doubles. I want to let everybody know

0:56:39.800 --> 0:56:42.680
<v Speaker 1>I have my first comedy album coming out. It's on

0:56:43.280 --> 0:56:46.319
<v Speaker 1>It's on Blonde Medicine. That's the label, and it will

0:56:46.360 --> 0:56:50.480
<v Speaker 1>drop on November fift Friday, November. It's called Thanks Diane.

0:56:50.560 --> 0:56:53.280
<v Speaker 1>I recorded it in Los Angeles at the UCB Theater

0:56:53.800 --> 0:56:57.239
<v Speaker 1>and uh, if this is before when you're hearing this,

0:56:57.320 --> 0:56:59.000
<v Speaker 1>you can go to Daniel van Kirk dot com and

0:56:59.080 --> 0:57:01.880
<v Speaker 1>pre order, or us go to the iTunes Store app

0:57:02.360 --> 0:57:05.160
<v Speaker 1>on your phone, specifically the iTunes Store app, and you'll

0:57:05.160 --> 0:57:07.480
<v Speaker 1>be able to pre order there. But on eleven fifteen

0:57:07.600 --> 0:57:10.160
<v Speaker 1>or any time there after, you can get it anywhere

0:57:10.320 --> 0:57:13.160
<v Speaker 1>that you get your music or listen to such things.

0:57:13.320 --> 0:57:15.480
<v Speaker 1>I should say music, but it feels like it's also

0:57:15.560 --> 0:57:18.560
<v Speaker 1>for comedy, but it's called Thanks Diane. And go to

0:57:18.640 --> 0:57:20.880
<v Speaker 1>Daniel van Kirk for all my tour dates as well

0:57:20.920 --> 0:57:23.440
<v Speaker 1>as my own podcast, pen Pals or Dumb People Tone

0:57:23.760 --> 0:57:26.200
<v Speaker 1>and I'm Robert Evans uh and you can find me

0:57:26.280 --> 0:57:29.360
<v Speaker 1>here on the podcast you're currently listening to, so please

0:57:29.440 --> 0:57:32.800
<v Speaker 1>keep listening to this podcast. You can find our sources

0:57:32.800 --> 0:57:34.880
<v Speaker 1>on behind the Bastards dot com. You can find us

0:57:35.280 --> 0:57:37.480
<v Speaker 1>on Twitter and Instagram and at bastards pod. You can

0:57:37.520 --> 0:57:41.000
<v Speaker 1>find me on Twitter at I right. Okay, Uh, you

0:57:41.040 --> 0:57:44.360
<v Speaker 1>can also find a lobotomy if you show up at

0:57:44.400 --> 0:57:46.720
<v Speaker 1>my door and pay me forty five dollars. I have

0:57:46.800 --> 0:57:50.080
<v Speaker 1>an ice pick, so you cannot be doing these. Brain

0:57:50.120 --> 0:57:53.600
<v Speaker 1>surgeons need to do these. I feel like anyone can

0:57:53.640 --> 0:57:56.840
<v Speaker 1>do these if they have an ice pick. Having this argument,

0:57:57.440 --> 0:58:01.480
<v Speaker 1>I I feel like Daniel, Daniel, I respect your opinion

0:58:01.520 --> 0:58:04.000
<v Speaker 1>on this, but I disagree with it well, and I

0:58:04.040 --> 0:58:07.160
<v Speaker 1>respect your expertise, but I think you need to wear gloves.

0:58:07.880 --> 0:58:14.160
<v Speaker 1>Oh gloves you mean cowards hands. All right, that's the

0:58:14.440 --> 0:58:17.080
<v Speaker 1>fucking episode. Buy a T shirt on t public and

0:58:17.680 --> 0:58:23.880
<v Speaker 1>go off into the world and perform unlicensed lobotomies or not. Nope, Sophie,

0:58:23.960 --> 0:58:25.880
<v Speaker 1>we're pro lobotomy now or not.