WEBVTT - Behind the Insurrections - Hitler's Munich Beer Hall Putsch, Part 2 0:00:02.000 --> 0:00:08.719 Still Hitler. Yeah, man, um that this is part two 0:00:08.920 --> 0:00:12.800 of our of our episode. Because it's a Hitler episode, 0:00:12.840 --> 0:00:15.720 you gotta give the give red meat to the base. 0:00:16.040 --> 0:00:18.400 It's like one of the only episodes were likeness flies, 0:00:18.600 --> 0:00:20.960 So like, yeah, you want to do it one more time, 0:00:20.960 --> 0:00:24.239 It's fine, I did it with two times. Is enough? 0:00:24.800 --> 0:00:30.200 My next Hitler episode I get no Welcome back to 0:00:30.400 --> 0:00:33.760 Behind the Insurrections. This is part three. We had an 0:00:33.760 --> 0:00:36.400 episode started off with an episode on the march on Room. 0:00:36.520 --> 0:00:38.440 Now we're doing a two parter. This is part two 0:00:38.479 --> 0:00:41.360 of our two parter on Hitler's Munich beer Hall putsch 0:00:41.960 --> 0:00:44.600 Um and then we will continue with other fascist attempts 0:00:44.640 --> 0:00:47.440 to seize power and talking about anti fascism and with 0:00:47.600 --> 0:00:50.760 a few more episodes to do. So, um, strap in, 0:00:51.680 --> 0:00:57.240 buckle up. Eat some rice rice. Get some rice rice. 0:00:57.280 --> 0:01:00.360 It's good for you. Get that brown rice. It's got 0:01:00.360 --> 0:01:02.440 like the extra you know, the vitamins and ship in it. 0:01:02.600 --> 0:01:04.679 You know what I'm saying. Yeah, don't skin your potatoes. 0:01:04.720 --> 0:01:06.440 If you're eating potatoes, that's where all the vitamins are. 0:01:06.640 --> 0:01:09.559 And I can't enjoy potato skins. I love potato skins. 0:01:09.800 --> 0:01:12.240 You know who didn't love potatoes. Actually, Hitler did love them, 0:01:12.240 --> 0:01:16.440 he was because yeah, huge, huge fan of vegetables. Anyway, 0:01:17.160 --> 0:01:20.920 here's the storage. Yeah, as soon as von Lasso and 0:01:21.000 --> 0:01:24.800 car and Ciser are free, they immediately warned Berlin and 0:01:24.880 --> 0:01:27.840 call from military reinforcements from the rest of Bavaria and 0:01:27.840 --> 0:01:29.720 try to organize the rest of the police who weren't 0:01:29.720 --> 0:01:32.840 on Hitler's side into some sort of counter push. This 0:01:32.920 --> 0:01:34.759 would tend to them looking at each other right when 0:01:34.760 --> 0:01:36.959 they stepped out of the room, like, I can't believe 0:01:36.959 --> 0:01:39.360 that works. We're not coming back, right, Like, no, we're not. 0:01:39.640 --> 0:01:42.800 We're going to kill these people, right, I can't believe 0:01:42.800 --> 0:01:44.759 you believe this, Like, I can't believe. I can't believe 0:01:44.760 --> 0:01:46.720 that worked. You know, I think I know why we 0:01:46.800 --> 0:01:50.040 lost the war. That guy might not be very smart 0:01:50.800 --> 0:01:56.800 dumbas yeah. Yeah, So, um, now while this is happening, 0:01:56.800 --> 0:01:59.320 it's gonna take time. Right, ship doesn't turn on a dime, 0:01:59.520 --> 0:02:02.080 you know, his nighttime on the eighth when they get 0:02:02.200 --> 0:02:05.280 free and start warning everybody, it's going to take hours 0:02:05.400 --> 0:02:08.720 for them to like actually get um a counter putch 0:02:08.800 --> 0:02:11.880 force in place to fight the Nazis, And so for 0:02:11.960 --> 0:02:14.359 the rest of the night of November eight, the Nazis 0:02:14.400 --> 0:02:17.160 find themselves in total control of a German city for 0:02:17.240 --> 0:02:20.560 the first time in history, and they very predictably did 0:02:20.680 --> 0:02:25.359 Nazi ship. Yeah. Members of Stufstroup Hitler first swarmed the 0:02:25.440 --> 0:02:28.600 offices of the munschtioner Post, a social democratic paper which 0:02:28.600 --> 0:02:31.959 they considered a Jewish paper. They threatened the business manager 0:02:32.040 --> 0:02:33.920 at gunpoint in order to gain entry, and then they 0:02:34.000 --> 0:02:38.000 destroyed everything inside, throwing ink on the walls, cutting phone lines, 0:02:38.080 --> 0:02:42.160 smashing desks, destroying three and eighty pains of glass. One 0:02:42.240 --> 0:02:46.000 Nazi later recalled, we forced open the doors of this place, 0:02:46.160 --> 0:02:48.639 ransacked the building and flung all the printed stuff we 0:02:48.680 --> 0:02:52.160 could lay hands upon out into the street. Now, during 0:02:52.200 --> 0:02:55.880 the assault, a police officer arrived, not to stop the Nazis, 0:02:56.080 --> 0:02:58.320 but to make sure they didn't damage the printing presses, 0:02:58.400 --> 0:03:00.720 because Hitler wanted those, because wanted to take them and 0:03:00.720 --> 0:03:03.520 give them to one of his newspapers. Hey, hey, hey, hey, 0:03:03.680 --> 0:03:06.480 you rough, Hey hey, we're stealing that. Don't break it, 0:03:08.200 --> 0:03:13.959 Nazis here, just don't break that valuable. Those people, those people, fine, 0:03:14.080 --> 0:03:16.720 just don't hurt the printing presses. Those costs money. Yeah, 0:03:17.000 --> 0:03:19.959 they're all scared, like, oh no, kill that dude. I'm saying, 0:03:20.040 --> 0:03:22.400 don't break the printer. Yeah no, you're not under arrest, 0:03:22.440 --> 0:03:27.120 of course, not what. So they looted everything of value, 0:03:27.200 --> 0:03:30.400 including an estimated six trillion German marks, which is, you know, 0:03:30.520 --> 0:03:33.000 even at that point, a decent amount of money. Um. 0:03:33.280 --> 0:03:35.520 While they were raiding, they found the home address of 0:03:35.560 --> 0:03:37.760 the papers editor, who's a Jewish Man. So they broke 0:03:37.840 --> 0:03:40.280 into his home next, and they threatened his wife at gunpoint. 0:03:40.680 --> 0:03:43.640 Now he was already in hiding, but the Nazis did 0:03:43.680 --> 0:03:45.840 not leave right away. And I'm gonna quote again from 0:03:45.880 --> 0:03:49.920 the trial of Adolf Hitler. This guy's name is our ours. 0:03:50.000 --> 0:03:52.840 Elder daughter, Sophie asked the intruders to be as quiet 0:03:52.880 --> 0:03:56.040 as possible because their own two year old daughter was sleeping. Maurice, 0:03:56.080 --> 0:03:58.520 ignoring the request, asked who the father was as he 0:03:58.640 --> 0:04:01.760 rummaged through their closets, Audrey and Betting. He then smashed 0:04:01.800 --> 0:04:04.240 up a cupboard and turned over bookshelves, apparently looking for 0:04:04.360 --> 0:04:06.680 weapons as much as any clue for the whereabouts of 0:04:06.720 --> 0:04:09.520 the editor. We are the masters and we govern now, 0:04:09.720 --> 0:04:12.480 Maurice boasted, and that guy Maurice would wind up being 0:04:12.560 --> 0:04:14.920 Hitler's valet, like he was his driver and ship in 0:04:15.000 --> 0:04:18.640 bodyguard for a while. Yeah now. Attacks continued through the night, 0:04:18.760 --> 0:04:21.600 led by different gangs of Nazis. One small group was 0:04:21.680 --> 0:04:24.039 led by a bank clerk named Ernest Hoobner who got 0:04:24.120 --> 0:04:25.680 drunk at the start of the push and went off 0:04:25.720 --> 0:04:28.720 with friends in search of quote Jews and other enemies 0:04:28.760 --> 0:04:32.279 of the people to attack. They've broke into restaurants in hotels, 0:04:32.360 --> 0:04:35.640 demanding that Jews exit, beating people and kidnapping them. At 0:04:35.720 --> 0:04:38.520 least twenty four Jewish people were kidnapped and held hostage 0:04:38.600 --> 0:04:43.000 during this period. Numerous others were beaten, businesses were ransacked Nazis. 0:04:43.040 --> 0:04:46.520 In other words, did Nazi ship? Yeah Now. One of 0:04:46.600 --> 0:04:48.279 the things that's fun about this is in the wake 0:04:48.360 --> 0:04:51.720 of all this, stories will come out, like police will 0:04:51.800 --> 0:04:54.719 claim that police who were members of the Nazi party 0:04:54.920 --> 0:04:57.440 will claim that while this was happening, Hitler condemned the 0:04:57.520 --> 0:05:01.240 violence against Jewish people. Um and the kernel of truth 0:05:01.320 --> 0:05:03.280 and that is that Hitler condemned the fact that some 0:05:03.400 --> 0:05:06.000 of his Nazis took off their swastika arm bands while 0:05:06.000 --> 0:05:08.239 they were beating New Jewish people. So we didn't condemn 0:05:08.240 --> 0:05:09.920 the violence as much as he was, like, why didn't 0:05:09.960 --> 0:05:13.200 you wear it? That's good? It was a branding opportunity. Guys. Fella, 0:05:13.279 --> 0:05:16.640 come on, we got these armed bands for a reason. 0:05:18.200 --> 0:05:22.320 We're very good money for this ship. What are you doing. Yeah, 0:05:23.800 --> 0:05:26.679 So by the early morning, Hitler and his closest lackeys 0:05:26.720 --> 0:05:30.200 realized what Ludendorff had done and gradually came to understand 0:05:30.240 --> 0:05:32.600 that Berlin had been called and the army was coming 0:05:32.680 --> 0:05:35.480 for them. This brought a wave of hopelessness to some. 0:05:36.040 --> 0:05:37.920 The rash nature of the push, the fact that the 0:05:38.000 --> 0:05:40.119 timeline had been moved up two days at the last minute, 0:05:40.400 --> 0:05:42.400 the poor communication, and the fact that a lot of 0:05:42.440 --> 0:05:44.600 time had been spent giving long hit their speeches to 0:05:44.720 --> 0:05:47.400 rooms full of drunk people uh and beating up random 0:05:47.440 --> 0:05:50.239 Jewish people in the street uh instead of securing Munich 0:05:50.400 --> 0:05:52.480 meant that the Nazis were about to face off against 0:05:52.520 --> 0:05:55.760 the Bavarian army without full control of the city. They 0:05:55.839 --> 0:05:58.240 kind of got drunken out of control and failed to 0:05:58.320 --> 0:06:01.560 do the things that were necessary to actually defend their territory. 0:06:01.680 --> 0:06:06.400 You know, I don't think that through man. Yeah, Nazi ship. 0:06:07.120 --> 0:06:10.320 So Ludendorf was aghast when he realized that General von 0:06:10.400 --> 0:06:13.760 Lasso had not kept his word. He is very brokenhearted 0:06:13.800 --> 0:06:16.920 by this. He can't believe it. He actually like tries 0:06:17.000 --> 0:06:21.279 to call him and be like, come on, you promised, man, Man, Man, 0:06:21.760 --> 0:06:25.240 what about that word you said you're gonna come back? Bro? Yeah, 0:06:25.400 --> 0:06:29.080 come on, you know, I gotta tell you. Man, I'm 0:06:29.360 --> 0:06:33.040 I'm hurt, hurt. I'm personally hurt. Man. You I'm not angry, 0:06:33.120 --> 0:06:37.080 I'm disappointed. Yea, bro, Man, we're supposed to ask some 0:06:37.200 --> 0:06:42.880 sort of code. Man, so funny, it's extremely funny. Um 0:06:43.480 --> 0:06:47.600 So Ludendorf, Yeah, is horrified. Hitler's just angry, and he 0:06:47.720 --> 0:06:50.640 insists that the Nazis go on with what most people 0:06:50.720 --> 0:06:53.560 now realize as a hopeless push. Hitler rants that he's 0:06:53.600 --> 0:06:56.159 prepared to fight for the cause and not a coward. 0:06:56.760 --> 0:06:59.240 He also screams that by betraying him, von Lasso and 0:06:59.279 --> 0:07:01.679 the other members of the Triumvirate had forfeited their quote 0:07:01.960 --> 0:07:05.480 right to exist. Oh god, hardcore Nazi guy. I mean, 0:07:05.480 --> 0:07:08.480 he's like just just just be saying, like if it 0:07:08.640 --> 0:07:12.600 wasn't so violently dangerous again, it's like the goofball thing 0:07:12.680 --> 0:07:14.440 where I'm just like, why are you so are you 0:07:14.480 --> 0:07:18.080 such a drama, queen, bro, Like they've reverted the right 0:07:18.160 --> 0:07:22.280 to exist. Like, hey man, you know, Hitler was wearing 0:07:22.320 --> 0:07:26.280 those corny ask cargo short shorts when he said it, too, right, 0:07:27.200 --> 0:07:30.600 just like, hey man, he's just I'm gonna I'm gonna 0:07:30.640 --> 0:07:32.520 flinging my church code off and I got my tooths 0:07:32.680 --> 0:07:38.320 crosses in there, like bro, why the theatrics? Man? Like bro, 0:07:38.480 --> 0:07:47.600 you was this unnecessary theatrical? Anyway? It's just Nazi ship? 0:07:47.760 --> 0:07:50.640 Like okay, man, just if you're gonna shoot the place up, 0:07:50.720 --> 0:07:52.840 shoot the place up, you ain't gotta do all what 0:07:53.080 --> 0:07:56.760 is all this anyway? He's Nazi ship, you know. So 0:07:57.160 --> 0:08:00.240 at this point in time, Hitler's organized forces in Unick 0:08:00.320 --> 0:08:03.400 number around four thousand, whereas the government in Munch only 0:08:03.520 --> 0:08:07.440 about twenty troops and police combined, and obviously a lot 0:08:07.520 --> 0:08:10.960 of the police are Nazis. Now reinforcements were on their 0:08:11.000 --> 0:08:14.360 way rapidly um and so some of Hitler's men suggested 0:08:14.440 --> 0:08:16.800 retreating outside of the city with the forces they had, 0:08:16.880 --> 0:08:18.640 to a small town where they had a strong base 0:08:18.680 --> 0:08:22.400 of support. Ludendorff argued against that and instead insisted that 0:08:22.440 --> 0:08:24.880 they needed to carry out a public show of strength 0:08:25.000 --> 0:08:27.640 and march through Munich in numbers to rally the people 0:08:27.680 --> 0:08:30.680 of the city to their banner. So like, that's you know, 0:08:30.800 --> 0:08:32.760 kind of Ludendorf city is like, no, we can't retreat. 0:08:32.920 --> 0:08:35.120 If we start marching, the people will join us. We'll 0:08:35.120 --> 0:08:38.000 start the march on Berlin now. And yeah, I'm gonna 0:08:38.040 --> 0:08:41.199 quote from the trial of Adolf Hitler here. Perhaps a 0:08:41.280 --> 0:08:44.439 show of popular support would convince kar Lasso Incisor to 0:08:44.520 --> 0:08:47.319 abandon their intention to oppose them. Surely too, it was 0:08:47.400 --> 0:08:49.760 reasoned the army would not shoot at a procession led 0:08:49.840 --> 0:08:53.199 by such a popular national figure as General Ludendorff. The 0:08:53.280 --> 0:08:56.400 heavens will fall before the troops fire on me, Ludendorff 0:08:56.440 --> 0:08:59.160 had told a colleague the previous day. The soldiers would. 0:08:59.200 --> 0:09:01.479 It was hoped luck to the banner of the swastika. 0:09:01.760 --> 0:09:05.120 With a little luck, nationalist momentum might push Hitler to Berlin, 0:09:05.520 --> 0:09:09.200 just as it had propelled Mussolini to Rome. It didn't. 0:09:10.600 --> 0:09:14.079 It didn't. Hitler gathered about two thousand men at the 0:09:14.120 --> 0:09:16.120 Burger Brow, and he did, in fact, marched them to 0:09:16.200 --> 0:09:17.760 the center of the city, and for a little while 0:09:17.840 --> 0:09:20.640 things went well. Fifteen minutes into the march, the Nazis 0:09:20.640 --> 0:09:23.640 approached a group of thirty police officers with heavy machine guns, 0:09:23.920 --> 0:09:26.120 and the police tell the Nazis to stop, and Herman 0:09:26.200 --> 0:09:29.520 Garrying yells back at them, don't shoot your comrades. And 0:09:29.600 --> 0:09:32.599 then right after saying don't shoot your comrades, like a 0:09:32.640 --> 0:09:35.280 trumpet blows, and the Nazis charged the police and take 0:09:35.360 --> 0:09:38.000 their guns and beat them unconscious with their own rifle butts, 0:09:38.360 --> 0:09:43.480 which is again some serious d C on the sixth energy, Yeah, yeah, 0:09:43.880 --> 0:09:46.679 where are your friends? Wham, it's beating a cop with 0:09:46.720 --> 0:09:50.520 a blue lives matter that is that? Is that a 0:09:50.720 --> 0:09:56.080 thin blue line rag around him man's neck to choke him. Yeah? 0:09:56.800 --> 0:10:01.280 So um, yeah, the police were taken captive. Um, the 0:10:01.400 --> 0:10:03.920 Nazis beat them and take their guns, um and send 0:10:03.960 --> 0:10:06.880 them back to the beer hall. And Nazi propaganda would 0:10:06.960 --> 0:10:11.120 describe this assault on the police as police fraternization, right, like, 0:10:11.280 --> 0:10:14.360 it's us, it's us being friendly with the cops. Now, 0:10:14.600 --> 0:10:17.839 this early success would not prove to be you know, 0:10:18.559 --> 0:10:21.600 how the rest of things went um. Eventually, the crowd 0:10:21.679 --> 0:10:24.840 reached a barricade of a hundred police officers set up 0:10:24.880 --> 0:10:27.520 in a narrow street where their flanks were protected. The 0:10:27.600 --> 0:10:31.040 Nazis advanced, and while it's not known who started shooting, 0:10:31.400 --> 0:10:35.360 a gun battle ensued. Four police officers and sixteen Nazis 0:10:35.400 --> 0:10:37.719 were killed. Hitler was pulled to the ground by his 0:10:37.840 --> 0:10:41.480 bodyguard and his shoulder was dislocated. Garing was shot in 0:10:41.559 --> 0:10:44.200 the groin in the leg. And this is actually why 0:10:44.360 --> 0:10:46.320 Herman Garring in the pictures you see of him as 0:10:46.400 --> 0:10:50.040 like when he's in power, is like heavily overweight. It's 0:10:50.080 --> 0:10:52.640 why he becomes a morphine addict. Like he's horribly injured 0:10:52.640 --> 0:10:55.959 and he gets addicted to pain killers. Um yeah, and 0:10:56.040 --> 0:10:58.240 then he like starts over eating when he can't be 0:10:58.360 --> 0:11:00.160 on pain killers in order to deal with like he's 0:11:00.200 --> 0:11:03.199 badly hurt by this. Now, there's a couple of different 0:11:03.200 --> 0:11:05.960 stories about what happens with Ludendorff. The most common one 0:11:06.040 --> 0:11:08.800 that like Ludendorff backs is that while all of this 0:11:08.880 --> 0:11:12.640 gunfire is going on, he marches like straight backed, unharmed, 0:11:12.720 --> 0:11:14.800 up to the police line and is taken into custody, 0:11:14.880 --> 0:11:19.120 just completely unfrightened of bullets. Historians tend to suspect that, 0:11:19.200 --> 0:11:22.720 like no, he was a soldier, like Hitler and everyone 0:11:22.760 --> 0:11:24.880 else who was had military experience. He dove for the 0:11:24.960 --> 0:11:29.200 ground when the shooting started. That's like, you don't stand up, 0:11:30.880 --> 0:11:33.520 you go to the fucking ground, like that's what. Yeah, 0:11:34.440 --> 0:11:36.839 And Hitler gets really messed up by this too, Like 0:11:36.920 --> 0:11:39.680 I said, his shoulders like really badly dislocated. He doesn't 0:11:39.720 --> 0:11:42.360 get shot though, um. And as soon as it's clear 0:11:42.480 --> 0:11:44.600 that his men, because the Nazis fire back and they 0:11:44.679 --> 0:11:47.480 kill some cops. As soon as it becomes clear that 0:11:48.040 --> 0:11:51.040 the Nazis are going to lose this giant gunfight, Hitler 0:11:51.160 --> 0:11:54.760 runs like fuck um and Nazi propaganda would later claim 0:11:54.800 --> 0:11:56.440 that he sees like a ten year old boy who 0:11:56.480 --> 0:11:58.400 gets wounded by the police and he like picks him 0:11:58.480 --> 0:12:02.520 up and runs him to safety. This is a for 0:12:02.600 --> 0:12:05.920 one thing, his arm didn't work. Yeah, so that didn't happen, 0:12:06.480 --> 0:12:08.680 Like it's a complete lie. He ran because he didn't 0:12:08.720 --> 0:12:12.160 want to die. He did what every what they literally 0:12:12.280 --> 0:12:15.319 anyone would do. Yeah, is you Oh they're shooting, I 0:12:15.400 --> 0:12:18.080 should not get out of here. Yeah, I really ain't 0:12:18.120 --> 0:12:21.000 sign up, but his I just wanted to know. So 0:12:21.160 --> 0:12:23.600 he flees, and he eventually takes a car to his friends, 0:12:23.640 --> 0:12:26.240 puts his manner in rural Bavaria, and of course, as 0:12:26.320 --> 0:12:28.400 we talk about it in another episode. He tries to 0:12:28.440 --> 0:12:31.120 shoot himself there and puts his wife Helena, who he 0:12:31.200 --> 0:12:34.120 has a crush on, like stops him, takes his gun 0:12:34.240 --> 0:12:37.000 and like throws it into a barrel of flower um, 0:12:37.520 --> 0:12:42.120 which is, you know, maybe not the best call anyone ever, 0:12:42.160 --> 0:12:44.160 but it was one of those like like short term 0:12:44.280 --> 0:12:47.679 goodness term like in the moment, that was probably the 0:12:47.840 --> 0:12:51.360 right thing to do. Yeah, but it didn't end up well. 0:12:52.120 --> 0:12:56.360 So yeah, Hitler eventually gets arrested and he's charged with, 0:12:56.480 --> 0:12:59.920 you know, trying to overthrow the government. Now, the maximum 0:13:00.040 --> 0:13:02.959 him sentence for a guilty verdict would have been life imprisonment, 0:13:03.080 --> 0:13:05.319 and even if he wasn't put away for life, Hitler 0:13:05.400 --> 0:13:08.120 wasn't a German citizen, and the law code at the 0:13:08.200 --> 0:13:11.480 time stipulated that foreigners convicted of high treason should be 0:13:11.559 --> 0:13:14.640 deported after serving their sentence. Now, when he was brought 0:13:14.679 --> 0:13:18.160 to jail, Hitler was initially despondent, telling one police interviewer 0:13:18.240 --> 0:13:20.120 that he wanted to just shoot himself and get it 0:13:20.200 --> 0:13:22.800 over with. But as the days and weeks went by, 0:13:22.960 --> 0:13:25.400 it became clear that most of the Bavarian government and 0:13:25.480 --> 0:13:29.000 many of its people were at best ambivalent about prosecuting Hitler. 0:13:29.240 --> 0:13:32.680 He was extremely popular. Nazi protesters took to the streets 0:13:32.720 --> 0:13:35.640 immediately after he was arrested, like shouting, Heil Hitler and 0:13:35.720 --> 0:13:38.760 down Lukar. Even a lot of the cops and soldiers 0:13:38.800 --> 0:13:41.680 who had put down the rebellion were broadly pro Hitler. 0:13:42.200 --> 0:13:45.280 They didn't want to see him punished. Now, this was 0:13:45.400 --> 0:13:48.120 kind of filed, compounded by the fact that the press, 0:13:48.200 --> 0:13:51.199 even the left wing press, didn't take Hitler seriously because 0:13:51.200 --> 0:13:55.040 the putch had failed. The New York World ignored Hitler's 0:13:55.080 --> 0:13:56.720 role in it for the most part, and declared at 0:13:56.800 --> 0:14:00.160 Ludendorff's push and depicted Hitler as a bumbling sidekick had 0:14:00.160 --> 0:14:02.920 gone off half coom and dragged the general down with him. 0:14:03.360 --> 0:14:06.760 A major Berlin paper described it as a Ludendorff putsch 0:14:06.840 --> 0:14:09.559 and compared it to a childish prank rather than a 0:14:09.640 --> 0:14:13.920 severe attempt to destroy democracy. The New York Times probably 0:14:14.000 --> 0:14:16.360 had the best coverage. They made a pointed note that 0:14:16.440 --> 0:14:18.840 hit there was a skilled order in very charismatic. They 0:14:18.920 --> 0:14:21.480 laid out his skill at weaving the nation's resentments and 0:14:21.600 --> 0:14:25.200 racial bigotry into a cohesive political platform capable of getting 0:14:25.200 --> 0:14:27.040 people out into the street, you know. The New York 0:14:27.080 --> 0:14:30.160 Times falls down on the job a lot later with Hitler. Um, 0:14:30.320 --> 0:14:32.880 but at this point, like they see at least that 0:14:33.000 --> 0:14:38.120 writer sees the danger, you know. Now. Meanwhile in France, 0:14:38.200 --> 0:14:41.120 a left wing paper, the Republic French well, uh yeah, 0:14:41.400 --> 0:14:44.240 the French Republic, I guess is the name of the paper, bridge, Yeah, 0:14:44.760 --> 0:14:46.800 And it's like this is a very like a socialist paper. 0:14:46.840 --> 0:14:49.520 It warns its readers that the real victim of the 0:14:49.600 --> 0:14:52.480 Putsch was not the Nazis, but the Bavarian government, who 0:14:52.560 --> 0:14:55.920 had brutally suppressed a popular uprising. The trial of Adolf 0:14:56.000 --> 0:14:59.200 Hitler notes it was instead a war between two different 0:14:59.320 --> 0:15:02.360 visions of dictate leadership, and the most dangerous one, it believed, 0:15:02.640 --> 0:15:05.440 was not the one suppressed. Several papers on the left 0:15:05.480 --> 0:15:08.440 agreed with this assessment. Hitler, in his defeat, looked ludicrous 0:15:08.520 --> 0:15:11.120 and less menacing than the state authorities who had stopped him. 0:15:11.320 --> 0:15:15.400 The illusion would only grow in the coming months. So like, no, no, 0:15:15.520 --> 0:15:19.320 the state's way worse than Hitler. You know, he's just 0:15:19.480 --> 0:15:25.120 a silly dude. Yeah, yeah, Again, the lesson of history 0:15:25.280 --> 0:15:28.720 is that no one has ever learned a lesson from history, ever, 0:15:29.160 --> 0:15:35.800 not a single person, God damn. And the idea. The 0:15:36.280 --> 0:15:40.560 part that's so chilling is like, you know, him sitting 0:15:40.600 --> 0:15:44.720 in prison almost the idea of him almost checking out 0:15:45.360 --> 0:15:49.600 and being like, maybe let's not do this, and in 0:15:49.720 --> 0:15:51.920 the streets rise up for him and he's like wait 0:15:52.080 --> 0:15:57.040 what wait, y'all like me, all right, let's let's let's 0:15:57.120 --> 0:16:02.080 let's push on, you know like that. That's that part 0:16:02.160 --> 0:16:06.800 is so chilling, where it was just like he almost stopped. Yeah, 0:16:07.720 --> 0:16:09.600 he could have been stopped. And this is the story 0:16:09.640 --> 0:16:13.400 at this point is why he wasn't, you know, um 0:16:14.160 --> 0:16:17.800 like like why he didn't Why this wasn't the end 0:16:17.840 --> 0:16:20.920 of his political career. Because the big question of the 0:16:21.000 --> 0:16:23.280 Munich beer hole punch isn't why didn't it work? Because 0:16:23.280 --> 0:16:25.600 it was a terrible idea from the start, it was 0:16:25.640 --> 0:16:28.920 doomed from it was badly planned in order. Yeah, it 0:16:29.120 --> 0:16:32.480 is instead why didn't this push in the Hitler's career, 0:16:33.120 --> 0:16:35.560 And the answer to that question comes once again down 0:16:35.640 --> 0:16:38.840 to the justice system law enforcement. The police in Munich 0:16:38.880 --> 0:16:41.760 in particular were critical in allowing the Nazis to rise 0:16:41.840 --> 0:16:44.960 to power in the first place, and in nine, the 0:16:45.040 --> 0:16:48.720 year of Hitler's trial, the Justice Department would prove critical 0:16:48.840 --> 0:16:52.720 in keeping his ambitions alive or the justice system gemany whatever. 0:16:53.360 --> 0:16:56.880 So Hitler goes to court and as a note, they 0:16:56.960 --> 0:17:00.240 take him to court and like a military academy, um, 0:17:00.400 --> 0:17:02.720 and the academy is empty because all of the young 0:17:02.840 --> 0:17:05.520 soldiers being trained in the military academy were part of 0:17:05.600 --> 0:17:11.320 Hitler's push. Um. So like the yeah, yeah, yeah, is 0:17:11.400 --> 0:17:14.760 this the trial so I read death of Democracy? Yes? 0:17:14.920 --> 0:17:19.040 So is this the trial where the judge was essentially like, 0:17:19.840 --> 0:17:21.800 I'll give you it. I like the guy, Uh, this 0:17:22.000 --> 0:17:24.640 is one of those democracy I think is talking about 0:17:24.680 --> 0:17:28.080 the trial with um um a different like there were 0:17:28.119 --> 0:17:30.520 a couple of trials like that. It happened more than once. 0:17:31.000 --> 0:17:33.000 This is the first time. Well, actually it's not the 0:17:33.040 --> 0:17:36.359 first time. It's not the first time with this judge, 0:17:36.480 --> 0:17:39.920 as we're about to talk about. So, the presiding judge 0:17:39.960 --> 0:17:42.719 in Hitler's case was a guy named George Nightheart. Now 0:17:42.920 --> 0:17:46.520 Nightheart had a reputation for opposing democracy in liberalism and 0:17:46.640 --> 0:17:49.639 just loving himself the far right. He was a monarchist 0:17:49.720 --> 0:17:51.719 in his bones, and he took his rage at fimart 0:17:51.760 --> 0:17:55.760 democracy out on left wing like uh, what McCall it? 0:17:55.880 --> 0:17:58.800 People like on the left, he wound up in his docket. Now, 0:17:59.240 --> 0:18:01.680 this was not an eye slated phenomenon. In Germany, most 0:18:01.800 --> 0:18:06.440 judges were very much far right. Statician Emile Gumbel analyzed 0:18:06.520 --> 0:18:09.200 murder trials in Fimar, Germany from nineteen eighteen to nineteen 0:18:09.240 --> 0:18:12.840 twenty two. Uh He found quote right wing defendants received 0:18:12.880 --> 0:18:15.840 a not guilty verdict no fewer than three d three 0:18:16.280 --> 0:18:18.960 fifty four cases. There were no death penalties and only 0:18:19.000 --> 0:18:22.440 one life sentence. Left wing defendants, by contrast, were judged 0:18:22.440 --> 0:18:24.600 in a sent only four of the twenty two cases, 0:18:24.840 --> 0:18:28.000 receiving ten death penalties and three life sentences. The length 0:18:28.040 --> 0:18:30.720 of the sentence also confirmed the double standard, fifteen years 0:18:30.760 --> 0:18:33.840 on average for the left, four months for the right. Good. 0:18:40.240 --> 0:18:42.919 We're back now to bring this back to modern history. 0:18:43.920 --> 0:18:47.399 The UK Guardian just conducted a study on last year's 0:18:47.440 --> 0:18:51.600 protests involving thirteen thousand left and right wing demonstrations and 0:18:51.760 --> 0:18:54.800 found that police were like four times as likely to 0:18:55.040 --> 0:18:58.080 use force on left wing demonstrators and three and a 0:18:58.160 --> 0:19:00.720 half times as likely to use force on left demonstrators 0:19:01.000 --> 0:19:04.359 during protests where there was no destruction of property or looting. 0:19:04.640 --> 0:19:07.000 So this is not a the left like loots more. 0:19:07.359 --> 0:19:09.960 This is a win in right wing protests where there's 0:19:09.960 --> 0:19:12.200 no violence, and left wing protests where there's no violence, 0:19:12.240 --> 0:19:14.000 the police are three times and a half times more 0:19:14.080 --> 0:19:20.000 likely to use violence against the left. Um, it's the same. 0:19:20.720 --> 0:19:25.040 It's all the same, broadly speaking, like we do, like 0:19:25.160 --> 0:19:27.320 our judges and d a s and stuff are kind 0:19:27.440 --> 0:19:30.920 well in some areas are less like the Nazis where 0:19:31.040 --> 0:19:34.320 right for one thing, they didn't transition from being under 0:19:34.400 --> 0:19:37.040 ricking to a democracy and weren't all angry about that, 0:19:37.840 --> 0:19:39.960 which is not. Like the whole justice department is stacked 0:19:39.960 --> 0:19:41.720 towards the right. But it's not as bad as it 0:19:41.880 --> 0:19:45.240 was for Weimar. But it's pretty bad now. Ninheart had 0:19:45.240 --> 0:19:48.040 actually ruled on a case involving Hitler once before, in 0:19:48.160 --> 0:19:51.320 January of nineteen two, when Hitler had attacked a rifle 0:19:51.400 --> 0:19:54.359 politician giving a speech at another beer hall. Hitler had 0:19:54.400 --> 0:19:57.119 faced three to six months in prison then, and Ninheart 0:19:57.160 --> 0:19:59.200 had ordered him to serve just a month, although he 0:19:59.240 --> 0:20:01.760 had also put him on probation. And Hitler was on 0:20:01.960 --> 0:20:05.600 probation when he tried to overthrow the government in nine 0:20:06.400 --> 0:20:10.560 He was on probation. Wow, they they are already on probation. 0:20:10.760 --> 0:20:12.680 Dag dad, you like, oh, I know to judge with 0:20:12.760 --> 0:20:17.080 good The judge who knew that Hitler was on probation, 0:20:17.359 --> 0:20:18.960 didn't bring this it up at all during the trial, 0:20:19.080 --> 0:20:21.639 didn't form the jury, made sure no one knew that 0:20:21.800 --> 0:20:24.880 Hitler was on probation when he tried to overthrow the government. 0:20:26.160 --> 0:20:31.360 Oh good, that's extremely funny. It's it's rad as hell. 0:20:31.480 --> 0:20:36.600 Don't don't yeah, no, no notes. So yeah. The website 0:20:37.160 --> 0:20:39.800 Famous Trials because good overview of how the case opened, 0:20:39.800 --> 0:20:41.880 and it makes it clear just how stacked the deck 0:20:42.080 --> 0:20:45.920 was in Hitler's favor. The presiding judge called Hitler to 0:20:46.000 --> 0:20:48.440 the stand, consistent with German procedure at the time, the 0:20:48.520 --> 0:20:51.080 questions came from the judge, not the prosecutor, although they 0:20:51.119 --> 0:20:54.720 were written largely by the prosecution. In the afternoon session, 0:20:54.800 --> 0:20:58.560 Hitler gave a nearly four hour opening statement that dazzled spectators. 0:20:58.800 --> 0:21:01.639 He began by telling his life story, then shifted to 0:21:01.720 --> 0:21:04.560 his political vision. He was animated, his voice rising and 0:21:04.640 --> 0:21:06.640 falling as he laid out his vision of the country's 0:21:06.720 --> 0:21:09.280 problems and hopes for the future. He was unsparing in 0:21:09.359 --> 0:21:12.720 his criticism of racial minorities and left wing ideologies, calling 0:21:12.760 --> 0:21:16.200 communists not even human. He blamed the government in Berlin 0:21:16.320 --> 0:21:19.159 for the economic crisis, saying it had practically robbed the 0:21:19.240 --> 0:21:21.880 people of the last marks from their pockets. He said 0:21:22.200 --> 0:21:25.240 policy is made not with the palm branch, but the sword. 0:21:25.600 --> 0:21:28.680 Hitler's words were reported around the world. Hit their claim 0:21:28.720 --> 0:21:31.040 to want only the best for his people and said 0:21:31.080 --> 0:21:34.440 he alone bore the responsibility and also every consequence for 0:21:34.520 --> 0:21:37.240 the failed push. He compared the Bavarian leaders who turned 0:21:37.240 --> 0:21:39.640 on him to a horse that lost its courage before 0:21:39.680 --> 0:21:44.280 the hurdle. So four hours it is ship. Yeah. And 0:21:44.760 --> 0:21:47.520 one of the main impacts of this is that he 0:21:47.640 --> 0:21:49.960 gets to speak for hours and lay out his entire 0:21:50.000 --> 0:21:53.840