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Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature feature production of My Heart Radio. I'm

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Speaker 1: your host of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology

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Speaker 1: and evolutionary biology, and today we're talking about hybrids. What

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Speaker 1: happens when you stick too different animals together and let

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Speaker 1: nature take its course, some wacky evolutionary mix ups. We're

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Speaker 1: talking scientists who accidentally created a hybrid, how hybridization works

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Speaker 1: in the first place, and the mysteries of animals like

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Speaker 1: the nar luga and Pisley. Discover this more as we

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Speaker 1: answer the angel question, how comes scientists try to make it?

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Speaker 1: Jesus Fish. Joining me today to hybridize our thoughts is

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Speaker 1: my producer Joel Monique and writer viral hashtag creators such

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Speaker 1: as hashtag what black Panther means to Me, pr professional

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Speaker 1: writer for a v club, THHR and comics Beat Calea Maria. Welcome, Kayla, Hi,

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Speaker 1: thank you for having me. So. I'm really excited about

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Speaker 1: this episode because hybrids are It's a real mind bender

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Speaker 1: type situation when you think about, oh, right, different animals

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Speaker 1: can create offspring. Sometimes it's a mistake of nature. It's

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Speaker 1: one of those things where you kind of go back

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Speaker 1: to that Dwight saying of where he's you know, I've

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Speaker 1: walked in on animals of all types. You know, a

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Speaker 1: couple of pigs on a chicken and things like that.

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Speaker 1: You're like, oh, that's weird, but it's like, we could

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Speaker 1: definitely happen. Well, I don't think pigs in a chicken

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Speaker 1: could happen, but you know, different types, so I think, yes, yeah, Well,

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Speaker 1: my first exposure to hybrids was I think Napoleon Dynamite

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Speaker 1: the movie and he was drawing a liger and talking

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Speaker 1: about how this was a cross between a tiger and

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Speaker 1: a lion, and I thought it was just funny movie stuff.

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Speaker 1: But I looked it up and it's real. So that

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Speaker 1: was that kind of blew my mind. It seems like

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Speaker 1: a real oopsie goofer on the part of Mother Nature

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Speaker 1: to have that happen, but it does occasionally happen. So

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Speaker 1: a hybrid is when two species of animals are able

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Speaker 1: to reproduce, creating an offspring that spits in the eye

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Speaker 1: of God just kidding. So the species have to be

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Speaker 1: similar enough genetically for it to work, such as a

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Speaker 1: horse and a donkey. You can't breed a turtle with

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Speaker 1: a giraffe, no matter how awesome. That is sounding now

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Speaker 1: as I'm visualizing it. Where would all the neck go though,

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Speaker 1: like one of those retractable measuring tapes, I guess, into

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Speaker 1: the into the turtle shell. I'm picturing a really giant

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Speaker 1: turtle shell that like acts as a turtleneck around you know,

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Speaker 1: all of it together. That's so much extrovertebrate. Like, there's

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Speaker 1: no like, would it be like an authoritian thing? Right?

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Speaker 1: I do like that, and then it makes like sounds

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Speaker 1: like that. I'm into that. It's really genetically impossible for

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Speaker 1: that to happen, but sometimes there are surprising hybrids that

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Speaker 1: happen on accidents. So I want to talk first about

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Speaker 1: some animal news. Later in the show, I'm going to

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Speaker 1: get into the nitty gritty on how hybrids work, and

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Speaker 1: we'll have to talk about how generally reproduction works. So

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Speaker 1: you know, I'm gonna give you guys the birds and

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Speaker 1: the bees talk. But first I want to talk about

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Speaker 1: the inspiration for this week's episode, which is this absolutely

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Speaker 1: book wild news story about the sturtle fish. Yes, scientists accidentally,

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Speaker 1: which is the best kind of science, created the sturtle fish.

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Speaker 1: So I have shared with you guys a picture of

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Speaker 1: the sturtle fish. I just want you to take just

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Speaker 1: really absorb that. Take that in fish with a nose. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: If I'm quite honest, it looks like something that has

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Speaker 1: been created on deviant part before questions. Mm hmmmmmmm. It's

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Speaker 1: kind of It's like a Pinocchio fish type of situation.

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Speaker 1: It's got a pretty doofy looking mouth. It looks a

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Speaker 1: little bit like a Mr. Burns fish from The Simpsons.

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Speaker 1: This fish is holding its little fence together, going excellent.

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Speaker 1: You know, I have so many questions. I'm gonna let

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Speaker 1: that happen. I get I'm going to guess that one

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Speaker 1: of your questions is how did this happen? And who

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Speaker 1: allowed it to happen. So this is a hybrid of

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Speaker 1: the American paddlefish and a Russian sturgeon. So it's kind

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Speaker 1: of like a Cold War spy thriller romance situation going

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Speaker 1: okay to a sexy Russian sturgeon stealing the heart of

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Speaker 1: an American paddlefish. But is the sturgeon really a spy?

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Speaker 1: A spurgeon? No, that's not all right. Moving on, So

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Speaker 1: an American paddlefish is it's self quite an interesting looking animal.

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Speaker 1: I've shown you a picture of a man proudly holding

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Speaker 1: a paddlefish. It its body looks sort of like any

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Speaker 1: old fish, kind of like a tuna or something. But

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Speaker 1: then it's snout is very long like a paddle thus

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Speaker 1: its name a paddlefish. Is this cousins with a swordfish?

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Speaker 1: It's it's I don't think it's direct cousins with the swordfish,

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Speaker 1: but it's probably not. I mean they're both rafe and fish.

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Speaker 1: It's probably not like super super far away from the swordfish.

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Speaker 1: But no, I don't think they are cousins necessarily. Um

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Speaker 1: And the Russian sturgeon looks quite a bit different. It's

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Speaker 1: kind of a bit of a I don't know how,

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Speaker 1: like a little more catfish looking. It's got sort of

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Speaker 1: a flat bottom. It's got a spiky back. It is

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Speaker 1: a bottom feeder, and it, yeah, it looks it looks

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Speaker 1: like a well, I'm gonna say it looks like a

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Speaker 1: placostumus a little bit, knowing full well most people don't

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Speaker 1: know what a pocostumus looks. That's not helped I got this, Katie. Okay,

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Speaker 1: imagine a catfish with a mohawk. But then what is

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Speaker 1: like the If you've ever seen the device, your dad

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Speaker 1: uses to trim the hedge. Is it's like long with

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Speaker 1: a lot of readers on it that's on the bottom

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Speaker 1: of the fish, and it's got like little whiskers up

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Speaker 1: front and like kind of like um, a mongoose snow

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Speaker 1: on it. It's very strange to look at, and when

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Speaker 1: it's like all shiny and black, it's like even weirder.

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Speaker 1: So wait, it's d also a sturgeon because that kind

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Speaker 1: of looks like, Okay, it's got such a long snow

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Speaker 1: so you're looking at yeah, you're looking at a diagram.

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Speaker 1: Here on the we have these fish helpfully labeled A, B, C,

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Speaker 1: and D, and it kind of looks a bit like

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Speaker 1: an animorph's but really what it is is that, uh,

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Speaker 1: these are pictures taken by these scientists that accidentally created

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Speaker 1: the sturtlefish. Fish. A is just a Russian sturgeon and

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Speaker 1: fish D is an American paddlefish. And the fish in

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Speaker 1: the middle are the happy little accident that happens when

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Speaker 1: you accidentally cross the sturgeon with the paddlefish. Sea is

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Speaker 1: Cinderella and B is the ugly stepsister. What is like

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Speaker 1: smooth and sleek and kind of like dolphin, like almost

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Speaker 1: the other one is like clearly the rebel of the

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Speaker 1: family with the sea mohawk previously mentioned and like more

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Speaker 1: of a shirk looked to it on the back. Y. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so you can see that there are different iterations of

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Speaker 1: these hybrids. You have quite a big genetic salad to

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Speaker 1: choose from as these hybrids, and there are different flavors

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Speaker 1: of these hybrids. So the story of how this happened is,

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Speaker 1: I guess a meat cute kind of thing for fish

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Speaker 1: or something. So aquatic ecologists at the Research Institute for

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Speaker 1: Fisheries and Aquaculture and Hungary we're trying to see if

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Speaker 1: they could get the sturgeon to reproduce via ginno genesis.

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Speaker 1: So ginda genesis is actually a form of ace actual

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Speaker 1: reproduction where an egg is triggered to create a clone

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Speaker 1: of itself by the presence of sperm, but without the

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Speaker 1: genetic contribution of the sperm. So basically you have the

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Speaker 1: female egg and the male sperm, and the male sperm

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Speaker 1: comes up and tries to fertilize the egg, and the

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Speaker 1: egg is like cool, I'm gonna make a baby now

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Speaker 1: see you later, get the hell out of here, and

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Speaker 1: this sperm just dissolves into nothingness and doesn't actually contribute

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Speaker 1: anything genetically to the offspring. And it may be surprising,

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Speaker 1: but fish can reproduce a sexually, as can reptiles and amphibians,

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Speaker 1: and gyno genesis is just one form of a sexual

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Speaker 1: reproduction that does require the presence of sperm, but again

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Speaker 1: it is there's no gene contribution from the sperm. So

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Speaker 1: they were trying to get this to hap in in

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Speaker 1: sturgeons by introducing what they thought would be incompatible sperm

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Speaker 1: of the paddlefish, because they thought very reasonably that these

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Speaker 1: extremely different fish would be too different to fall in

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Speaker 1: love and create, not would be too different to be

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Speaker 1: able to sexually reproduce. So for so you understand the

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Speaker 1: relationship between these fish. Sturgeons and paddlefish are in the

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Speaker 1: same order of animals, so they're somewhat related. But when

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Speaker 1: you think about it, humans are in the order primates.

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Speaker 1: So like, be like assuming that we could mate with

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Speaker 1: a lemur, which you know now that i'm thinking about it, though,

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Speaker 1: you could. Having those stripes, just natural, bold, beautiful stripes

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Speaker 1: would be great, and being able to jump around, I'm

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Speaker 1: into it. The legs incredible, Like everyone now has supermodel

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Speaker 1: lemur length, yes, but you also have arms, which means

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Speaker 1: short people were reaching the tops of cabinets. It's really

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Speaker 1: a level of as as a as a proud five

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Speaker 1: five I would yeah. And you know I when I

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Speaker 1: was a kid, I took ballet and I was a

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Speaker 1: big animal nerd, so of course obviously most popular kid

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Speaker 1: in school. But I found out that Lemur's move by

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Speaker 1: doing the sachet from side to side, they do the

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Speaker 1: the side jumping and which is also a ballet move.

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Speaker 1: Now I'm a bad ballet student, so I don't exactly

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Speaker 1: remember what the move was called. But I Kayla, do

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Speaker 1: you know, Kayla, did you do ballet too? Did? Wow?

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Speaker 1: Most popular girl in school. I was a dance and

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Speaker 1: theater so you and me bo, it's so popular. Okay,

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Speaker 1: So described the move again, so that the way Lemur's

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Speaker 1: move is a it's like a side to side jump,

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Speaker 1: sort of like a sachet. Is it just called the sachet? Yeah? Okay,

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Speaker 1: it is called the sachet? So they do the sachet move.

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Speaker 1: And I was watching Animal Planet, as popular girls do,

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Speaker 1: and uh it was talking about how this was an

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Speaker 1: energy efficient move for the Lemurs. So guess what I

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Speaker 1: started to do all the time sashet like a lemur

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Speaker 1: around because hey, if it's good enough for lemurs, it's

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Speaker 1: good enough for me, Katie Golden. If you're a kid

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Speaker 1: of the nineties, you have Zaboomafoo and you fell in

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Speaker 1: love with Yes, Yes, me and Zaboomafoo, we go way back. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I just you know, I think that he just gave

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Speaker 1: us a really great appeal that we definitely gravitated. Yes,

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Speaker 1: yeah he was. He was iconic. A heart throb. My

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Speaker 1: preteen heart throb was zaboom Buffoo. So anyways, back on topic,

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Speaker 1: So sturgeons and paddlefish are in the same order, like

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Speaker 1: we're in the same order of primates. So again, it

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Speaker 1: would be like assuming a human and zooboom Baffoo could

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Speaker 1: create some kind of offspring um, which obviously doesn't happen

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Speaker 1: except for on daving arts. So sturgeons and paddlefish diverged

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Speaker 1: over a hundred and eighty four million years ago and

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Speaker 1: have been living apart ever since. So the fact that

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Speaker 1: all it took was some kinky Hungarian scientists to match

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Speaker 1: make for them to to successfully reproduce hybrid hybrids is

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Speaker 1: really mind blowing. So sturgeons and paddlefish not only look

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Speaker 1: very unlike each other, they also have different behaviors. Sturgeons

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Speaker 1: are bottom feeders and eat small crustaceans, whereas paddlefish filter

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Speaker 1: fleet filter feed plankton. So again, couldn't be more different,

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Speaker 1: but just genetically similar enough that somehow this unholy union

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Speaker 1: created offspring. So when the researchers introduced the paddlefish sperm

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Speaker 1: to the sturgeons, they reproduced sexually not a sexually like

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Speaker 1: the scientists had thought would happen, and combined the paddlefish

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Speaker 1: and sturgeon formed the sturtle fish, which is a name

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Speaker 1: that when you look at a sturtle fish, and I

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Speaker 1: hope you do, and I'll include a link so you can,

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Speaker 1: it does encapsulate it. Don't you think it's an appropriate name? Absolutely?

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Speaker 1: Because it's kind of nerdy, but also like in a

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Speaker 1: way where nerdy sort of becomes cool and you're like,

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Speaker 1: what is this original looking creature that I see before me?

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Speaker 1: It is tubs are but kind of weird. I love him.

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Speaker 1: He's you know, it's got a lot of I think

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Speaker 1: that's that's one thing you don't really get with a

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Speaker 1: lot of fish, especially um, you know, sturgeons. It's personality. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: turtlefish definitely has personality. Are you saying that this is

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Speaker 1: the miscongeniality of surgeons? Oh yeah, maybe. I think it's

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Speaker 1: a confident nose too. I sincerely love a confident nose.

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Speaker 1: Does that make sense? It does? Yeah, just a knows

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Speaker 1: that to me is I'm I'm so confident. This is

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Speaker 1: the centerpiece, the centerfold of my face, and I love it.

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Speaker 1: It's a very sirrido. Yes that I always thought sir

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Speaker 1: no was the hot one, even the even the Steve

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Speaker 1: Martin version. So not only did the hybrid successfully hatch,

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Speaker 1: which is quite an accomplishment for a hybridized animal, but

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Speaker 1: they also had a fairly good survival rate, with over

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Speaker 1: a hundred of them still alive. So often hybrids can

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Speaker 1: be fertilized or even born, but then they're either still

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Speaker 1: born or they're unable to survive doing due to massive

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Speaker 1: genetic issues. And what's interesting is beyond just sort of

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Speaker 1: the physical characteristics being a combination where they get the

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Speaker 1: paddle fishes nose and they get the sturgeon fishes overall body,

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Speaker 1: they also seem to have a combination of behavior. So

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Speaker 1: they got a carnivorous bottom feeding behavior from their mothers

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Speaker 1: and this long nose from their fathers, and so it's

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Speaker 1: it's just really interesting that it's it at Hybrids sometimes

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Speaker 1: times act in the way that they would in a

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Speaker 1: kid's cartoon, like in dragon Ball or something where two

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Speaker 1: characters form a fusion and it's a fusion of their personality,

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Speaker 1: and look, since in nature often works somewhat similarly, it's

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Speaker 1: really interesting. It's it's very much so even hybrid as

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Speaker 1: as humans like the features that we get in the

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Speaker 1: traits and the genes that we get to carry on

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Speaker 1: from my mothers and fathers, even the things that we

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Speaker 1: don't want. So this poor turtle fish probably did not

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Speaker 1: want to be partner verse. It probably wanted to be

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Speaker 1: a vegan. And how are they survived? What's their like survivalry?

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Speaker 1: Are they being released into the wild or they're just

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Speaker 1: in this little farm? Yeah, no, they're not being released

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Speaker 1: into the wild. That would be not good. You don't

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Speaker 1: really want to create a hybrid and then release it

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Speaker 1: into the wild, not only because probably they wouldn't survive

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Speaker 1: in the wild and it wouldn't be very nice to

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Speaker 1: the hybrids themselves, but also if they did were successful,

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Speaker 1: then that would be damaging to the animals already living

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Speaker 1: in that environment. So actually they are keeping them alive

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Speaker 1: because they don't want to just euthanize all of them.

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Speaker 1: So they say they're going to take care of them

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Speaker 1: right now, like until I guess for the rest of

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Speaker 1: their lives. Just keep them and take care of them.

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Speaker 1: But they don't plan on making more of these hybrids

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Speaker 1: because there's not really a scientific reason to do that

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Speaker 1: other than them being adorable, sweet little babies who I

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Speaker 1: want to have. And name all of them, and they

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Speaker 1: would have names like like Mr Jeffers and Nosey mcnose

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Speaker 1: Face and so on. Yeah, he started naming them, and

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Speaker 1: I was like, I wonder how they taste. Okay, I questions, Look,

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Speaker 1: when Mr Jeffers passes away, if he writes in his

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Speaker 1: fish will that he wants me to eat him, I

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Speaker 1: will honor it here for it. So interestingly, some of

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Speaker 1: the hybrids doubled up on their mother's DNA, so they

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Speaker 1: have two sets of their mom's chromosomes and only one

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Speaker 1: set of their dad's, and others have half mom and

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Speaker 1: half dad, which is typically the case for sexual reproduction.

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Speaker 1: It's the case for humans. So yeah, it gets it

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Speaker 1: gets pretty interesting. The way that hybrids work and genetics

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Speaker 1: is it's something that is very complicated once you really

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Speaker 1: start to get into the weeds on it and the

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Speaker 1: way that these things interact. It's not exactly like just

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Speaker 1: throwing two sets of ingredients in together and stirring them around,

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Speaker 1: but it's a little bit like that, which makes it confusing.

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Speaker 1: So the fact that they're able to breed means that

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Speaker 1: genetically they may not be as different as biolet biologists

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Speaker 1: had previously assumed. So either they are closer on the

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Speaker 1: evolutionary tree than biologists had thought, or they aren't but

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Speaker 1: they just didn't their genes didn't change that much, or

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Speaker 1: are just similar enough that they can create these hybrids.

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Speaker 1: So yeah, I just love that these scientists were not

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Speaker 1: trying to create a hybrid like in so many science

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Speaker 1: fiction horror movies and oopseeed ditters. We made one and

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Speaker 1: we called it the sturtlefish. It's just fitting, like because

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Speaker 1: when you see a cuttlefish in real life, that's not

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Speaker 1: something I want to cuddle, but not only speak for yourself.

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Speaker 1: It looks spiny and uncomfortably cuttlefish. What they're not. Most

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Speaker 1: of them aren't spiny I mean not, am I thinking

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Speaker 1: of the wrong fish? Let me cuddle fish are a

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Speaker 1: type of seff I'm not it looks like kafulu. I'm

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Speaker 1: not cuddling that well. That makes fun of us. Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: you know. I mean look if casoolah did, if Casoola

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Speaker 1: does rise from the depths, and I've been the one

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Speaker 1: cuddling all his children, we know where that's gonna put me.

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Speaker 1: Very fair. The sturtle fish is not the only accidental

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Speaker 1: hybrid too have flopped into existence. Here are a few

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Speaker 1: other hybrids humans have just stumbled their way into creating

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Speaker 1: through science, gardening or farming. Purple tomatoes, grapefruit which is

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Speaker 1: a cross between an orange and pomelo, killer bees and

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Speaker 1: super toothnecked fungus beetles. That's just a few examples, but

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Speaker 1: there are all sorts of hybrid mishaps that happen. So

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Speaker 1: how do they happen? When we return, we'll get cellular

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Speaker 1: to talk about how hybrids happen and how sex works.

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Speaker 1: That's right, folks, We're going to see some hot mitosis

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Speaker 1: and myosis action. Ah yeah, So we've talked about how

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Speaker 1: scientists can accidentally create a fun new hybrid, and I

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Speaker 1: think I want to get into detail a little bit

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Speaker 1: about how hybrids work, and we'll have to talk a

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Speaker 1: little bit about generally how reproduction works. So you know,

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna sit down with you, maybe sit backwards in

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Speaker 1: a chair, actually cool, like a cool youth counselor, and

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Speaker 1: be like, hey, hey, let's talk. Look, there's nothing gross

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Speaker 1: about life, kids, There's nothing gross about the creation of

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Speaker 1: new life. All right, let's all be let's all be

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Speaker 1: adults about this. Okay, can we do that like the kitla?

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Speaker 1: And I clearly cannot. Every time I say sperm, someone's

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Speaker 1: just gonna giggle a little bit. Okay, alright, settle down.

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Speaker 1: So hybrids can potentially result from anything that can sexually reproduce,

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Speaker 1: so that includes plants and animals. It typically happens with

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Speaker 1: organisms that are pretty close on the evolutionary tree. So

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Speaker 1: when we look at taxonomy, so that is kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, species.

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Speaker 1: You can remember this with King Philip came over for

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Speaker 1: good soup. Of course, the alternative version is naughty and

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Speaker 1: I dare not repeat eat it. But hybrids really only

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Speaker 1: happen on the more specific branches such as order, family,

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Speaker 1: genus species, So to kind of put this in perspective.

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Speaker 1: You know, a plant and a human aren't going to hybridize, sorry,

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Speaker 1: poison ivy fans. A a cat and a cow aren't

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Speaker 1: going to hybridize. You have to be close enough that

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Speaker 1: your genes at least somewhat makes sense. The user manual

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Speaker 1: for each animal has to be in the same basic language.

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Speaker 1: It has to somewhat fit together. So what's interesting, though,

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Speaker 1: is it isn't. There can be some degrees of separation

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Speaker 1: that are surprising, but most often we have interspecific hybrids.

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Speaker 1: So that's when two species such as a horse and

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Speaker 1: a zebra within the same genus mate, So this is

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Speaker 1: typically how most hybrids happen. So you know, horse and zebra,

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Speaker 1: horse and donkey, zebra and donkey. I'm really stuck on

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Speaker 1: the donkeys. The donkeys. Yeah, but you know, a horse

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Speaker 1: and a donkey create a mule, a horse and a

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Speaker 1: zebra create a source. A zebra and a donkey create

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Speaker 1: a zonkey. But they're all they're all equines, so somewhat

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Speaker 1: makes sense. But intergeneric hybrids happen when animals from two

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Speaker 1: different genuses, such as sheep and goats, make creating a

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Speaker 1: hybrid so this is much more rare, and often these

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Speaker 1: hybrids don't survive. And then even more rare are interfamilial hybrids.

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Speaker 1: So interfamilial hybrids happen when animals from two different families

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Speaker 1: such as chickens and pheasants, or as we just talked about,

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Speaker 1: sturgeons and paddlefish reproduce, and it is very very rare.

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Speaker 1: That's why that new story we talked about is such

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Speaker 1: a big deal. This hardly ever happens. And finally, what

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Speaker 1: is practically unheard of but technically possible is interordinal hybrids.

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Speaker 1: And this is usually like only in lab experiments that

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Speaker 1: you can even begin to get this to happen. So

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Speaker 1: this is I think some mad scientists created a sand

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Speaker 1: dollar sea urchin hybrid, and they are from different orders,

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Speaker 1: the hybrids not, it's different because they have a weird

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Speaker 1: way of reproducing. They have this larval stage that is

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Speaker 1: all wonky. So I'm not I'm not going to get

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Speaker 1: into too much detail, suffice it to say it was

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Speaker 1: an extremely strange experiment and there's not really spiky sand

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Speaker 1: dollars walking around the ocean floor. This is a very

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Speaker 1: rare event that's usually just just in a lab on

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Speaker 1: a on a hill amidst thunderclaps and lightning and mad cackling.

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Speaker 1: So the reason it's hard to have genetically dissimilar animals

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Speaker 1: create hybrids hybrids, and the reason that these hybrids are

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Speaker 1: often sterile has to do with how sexual reproduction works.

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Speaker 1: So here we go, everybody, everybody, just be adults about it.

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Speaker 1: No giggling. Nothing about this is funny. Sperm isn't funny.

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Speaker 1: It's very serious. So some maturity, please remember that. I

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Speaker 1: love that when when I when we would have a

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Speaker 1: teacher that would say, children, please be mature, mature England accent. Yes. Yes,

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Speaker 1: So when a sperm meets an egg and reproduces sexually,

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Speaker 1: this is what happens typically. So the game meats, which

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Speaker 1: are the sperm and the egg, each have one set

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Speaker 1: of chromosomes. So in humans, this may be kind of

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Speaker 1: reiterating stuff you guys learned in biology class, but humans

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Speaker 1: typically have twenty three chromosomes in the sperm cell and

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Speaker 1: twenty three chromosomes in the egg cell. And then when

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Speaker 1: they fuse, they create a single cell called a zygoat,

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Speaker 1: which has forty six chromosomes. Then this zygoat must divide

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Speaker 1: to create a more complex organism, and it does so

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Speaker 1: through mitosis. And I feel like a bunch of people

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Speaker 1: are getting flashbacks to school and feeling really uncomfortable and

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Speaker 1: sweating sweaty. But let me reassure you this is actually

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Speaker 1: pretty simple when you take away all the diagrams and

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00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:50,360
Speaker 1: and so on and models. Remember having to make cell

390
00:28:50,480 --> 00:28:54,800
Speaker 1: models out of styrofoam and jelly beans have so much fun.

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Speaker 1: I really like whenever I made a project and involve

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Speaker 1: some kind of candy, even though it was like stale

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Speaker 1: and covered in glue, I would still eat it once.

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Speaker 1: That's like my claim to fame that I've been all

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Speaker 1: the time would be like, yes, so I did a

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Speaker 1: animal cell and a plant cell using candy air heads

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Speaker 1: and the like yes, yes, did you eat them? Um?

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Speaker 1: I did not. My mom had this crazy idea that

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Speaker 1: instead of glue you could use toothpaste, and I was like, okay,

400
00:29:29,080 --> 00:29:34,440
Speaker 1: that ruins it, Like, no, cleaning my teeth while eating candy.

401
00:29:34,880 --> 00:29:38,560
Speaker 1: What kind of insanity? I know that I had to

402
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Speaker 1: make two two trips to the store because I used

403
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Speaker 1: I want to say I used. I used the sour straws.

404
00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:51,280
Speaker 1: Oh nice, those are great? Um, what is it? The indo, kayla,

405
00:29:51,400 --> 00:29:54,880
Speaker 1: come on the goldchee bodies. So like, I wrapped it

406
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Speaker 1: and I did the whole thing, and but I failed

407
00:29:59,720 --> 00:30:02,720
Speaker 1: because I used strawberry, which is my favorite, and I

408
00:30:02,880 --> 00:30:06,760
Speaker 1: kept eating it while putting the project together. So um,

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00:30:06,800 --> 00:30:11,920
Speaker 1: you know, oh that sounds great. I would have been

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Speaker 1: eating that though after even with the toothpaste. I had

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Speaker 1: no shame when it came to candy. So so imagine

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Speaker 1: your animal cell that you made out of candy. When

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Speaker 1: you have that single cells, I go, it's gotta duplicate

414
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Speaker 1: a bunch of times before it becomes anything more complex

415
00:30:31,840 --> 00:30:35,040
Speaker 1: than a single cell. So in order to do this,

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Speaker 1: it duplicates all of its DNA and then the whole

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00:30:39,880 --> 00:30:43,480
Speaker 1: mitosis charts happen where you see these lines and stuff,

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Speaker 1: and really all that's happening is the DNA lines up

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Speaker 1: so that when you split the cell down the middle,

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Speaker 1: it has two copies of the exact same DNA, so

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Speaker 1: it it doubles it's d NA, splits it in half

422
00:30:57,560 --> 00:31:01,360
Speaker 1: so that both cells are now they like two of

423
00:31:01,360 --> 00:31:05,080
Speaker 1: the same cell as it began with. So it'd be

424
00:31:05,120 --> 00:31:08,880
Speaker 1: like it's sort of I guess it'd be like if

425
00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:12,280
Speaker 1: you now that's weird. I was gonna say it'd be

426
00:31:12,320 --> 00:31:16,240
Speaker 1: like if you cloned yourself by growing all of your

427
00:31:16,240 --> 00:31:20,520
Speaker 1: body twice, all of your body parts and then lined

428
00:31:20,600 --> 00:31:22,760
Speaker 1: up so that when you got split down the middle,

429
00:31:23,160 --> 00:31:26,120
Speaker 1: each of the new use would have everything you need.

430
00:31:27,080 --> 00:31:30,560
Speaker 1: But then that horrified me a little bit. I'll leave

431
00:31:30,600 --> 00:31:34,000
Speaker 1: it in though. That is the coolest sci fi movie

432
00:31:34,040 --> 00:31:37,160
Speaker 1: that has yet to be made. Okay, it's like weird

433
00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:41,880
Speaker 1: science meets um oh crud. What's the one from the

434
00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:44,400
Speaker 1: eighties where they cut the top of the guy's head off,

435
00:31:44,680 --> 00:31:49,160
Speaker 1: not whittling it down. Really, that is, you know, entirely fair,

436
00:31:49,440 --> 00:31:56,080
Speaker 1: insentirely fair. It's gonna come to the animator, Yes, thank you. Well, yes,

437
00:31:56,640 --> 00:31:59,840
Speaker 1: it's like a combination of re Animator and Weird Science

438
00:32:00,080 --> 00:32:03,400
Speaker 1: and I'm here for it. Yes, yes, And that's what

439
00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:12,800
Speaker 1: happens every time you have a baby adorable. So for

440
00:32:12,840 --> 00:32:17,080
Speaker 1: a hybrid, this process is a little trickier. For a

441
00:32:17,200 --> 00:32:21,600
Speaker 1: hybrid to be successful, first, the sperm must successfully trigger

442
00:32:21,680 --> 00:32:25,080
Speaker 1: a fertilization event in the egg, creating a zygote, and

443
00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:28,280
Speaker 1: a lot of hybrids don't necessarily even read that reach

444
00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:30,400
Speaker 1: this stage because the sperm and the a are just

445
00:32:30,480 --> 00:32:34,640
Speaker 1: too different, they're speaking different languages. There. Then the zygo

446
00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:39,840
Speaker 1: must be able to successfully duplicate, and the combined DNA

447
00:32:40,160 --> 00:32:44,440
Speaker 1: from its father and mother must be legible to each

448
00:32:44,440 --> 00:32:48,680
Speaker 1: other and match up enough that you create a functioning animal.

449
00:32:48,840 --> 00:32:52,840
Speaker 1: So basically, it's like you have to instruction manuals from

450
00:32:52,880 --> 00:32:56,960
Speaker 1: Ikea that you're cutting in half and combining. So if

451
00:32:57,000 --> 00:33:01,000
Speaker 1: you get it for like, god, I can't think of

452
00:33:01,160 --> 00:33:04,360
Speaker 1: good Ikea names. I'm trying to think of what my

453
00:33:04,360 --> 00:33:11,160
Speaker 1: my couch was. There's a Docta table at TORP. So far, yes,

454
00:33:11,200 --> 00:33:15,920
Speaker 1: I have the act TORP, aren't you? I Like, I'm

455
00:33:15,960 --> 00:33:19,280
Speaker 1: not even lie though the calics shelving units are prime

456
00:33:20,160 --> 00:33:24,320
Speaker 1: good no shadea at Ikea. I have a few Ikea

457
00:33:24,400 --> 00:33:28,160
Speaker 1: things in my apartment. So but yeah, I'd be like

458
00:33:28,280 --> 00:33:31,920
Speaker 1: taking something for the ec TORP couch and a table

459
00:33:32,040 --> 00:33:34,200
Speaker 1: and trying to combine them, and you're going to create

460
00:33:34,360 --> 00:33:38,160
Speaker 1: something that doesn't function. Whereas if you took two sets

461
00:33:38,200 --> 00:33:41,360
Speaker 1: of manuals for maybe a couch and then a slightly

462
00:33:41,400 --> 00:33:44,920
Speaker 1: different couch, but they're still couches. Hey, maybe you'll just

463
00:33:45,040 --> 00:33:49,280
Speaker 1: create some kind of couch hybrid that has arm rests

464
00:33:49,320 --> 00:33:55,880
Speaker 1: and cup holders. Who knows. So that answer is like

465
00:33:56,040 --> 00:33:59,360
Speaker 1: why hybrids aren't just constantly happening. Why you can't get

466
00:33:59,400 --> 00:34:01,680
Speaker 1: a turtle a wrap no matter how much I want

467
00:34:01,800 --> 00:34:06,600
Speaker 1: it to happen. But why are hybrids often sterile? Like

468
00:34:06,680 --> 00:34:09,960
Speaker 1: you can create this animal, then why can't that animal mate?

469
00:34:10,600 --> 00:34:14,480
Speaker 1: And that is because of the difference between mitosis, that

470
00:34:14,520 --> 00:34:19,160
Speaker 1: process we just talked about where an egg is replicating itself,

471
00:34:19,800 --> 00:34:24,480
Speaker 1: and the process of myosis, which is it's great when

472
00:34:24,520 --> 00:34:29,920
Speaker 1: you're just missing like one letter for a very similar process.

473
00:34:30,040 --> 00:34:34,239
Speaker 1: Uh cool, move scientists, But yeah, myosis is when you

474
00:34:34,280 --> 00:34:38,719
Speaker 1: are actually creating gam meets. You're creating sex cells. So

475
00:34:40,200 --> 00:34:44,200
Speaker 1: in myosis, you are creating new sex cells by jumbling

476
00:34:44,280 --> 00:34:48,440
Speaker 1: up your DNA into non exact copies. So mitosis you're

477
00:34:48,480 --> 00:34:52,280
Speaker 1: creating exact copies of the same cell. Myosis you're creating

478
00:34:52,360 --> 00:34:55,120
Speaker 1: something new by shuffling stuff around. It's like shuffling a

479
00:34:55,239 --> 00:34:57,239
Speaker 1: deck of cards and now you've got a new deck

480
00:34:57,320 --> 00:35:01,960
Speaker 1: of cards. So um, in mitosis, if you have two

481
00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:04,960
Speaker 1: sets of chromosomes that are not from the same species

482
00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:09,320
Speaker 1: and don't exactly match up, it's not necessarily death sentence

483
00:35:09,400 --> 00:35:13,480
Speaker 1: like there could be. You know, it's you're you know,

484
00:35:13,560 --> 00:35:17,680
Speaker 1: basically shuffling together these two manuals. There's pretty similar. And

485
00:35:17,719 --> 00:35:20,520
Speaker 1: if it isn't quite right, you could still potentially build

486
00:35:21,160 --> 00:35:23,680
Speaker 1: a couch. But if your whole thing is like taking

487
00:35:23,920 --> 00:35:27,239
Speaker 1: these two manuals and then shuffling them all up at

488
00:35:27,320 --> 00:35:30,400
Speaker 1: random and then putting them together, I don't know what

489
00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:32,400
Speaker 1: you're gonna make, but it's certainly not going to be

490
00:35:32,440 --> 00:35:38,520
Speaker 1: a couch. So that is why mules cannot reproduce. Does

491
00:35:38,560 --> 00:35:40,799
Speaker 1: that make sense you guys? Do you have any questions? No,

492
00:35:40,920 --> 00:35:46,520
Speaker 1: it totally makes sense. I would. It's disappointing because I

493
00:35:46,600 --> 00:35:48,640
Speaker 1: think it would be cool if like we just started

494
00:35:48,680 --> 00:35:52,800
Speaker 1: like quadrupling down on these animals, Like if a liger

495
00:35:53,680 --> 00:35:56,120
Speaker 1: and I don't know what the cross between a panther

496
00:35:56,520 --> 00:35:59,080
Speaker 1: and was a tiger or a panther and a lion,

497
00:35:59,560 --> 00:36:02,359
Speaker 1: one of the truly exists. It looks epic as hell.

498
00:36:02,440 --> 00:36:04,600
Speaker 1: And if it made it with the lighter, I have

499
00:36:04,640 --> 00:36:06,759
Speaker 1: like a black body, but like a white mane or

500
00:36:06,800 --> 00:36:10,719
Speaker 1: something with tiger stripes, and that's just so cool. I

501
00:36:10,760 --> 00:36:12,640
Speaker 1: feel like nature really cheating us on this one. I

502
00:36:12,640 --> 00:36:15,359
Speaker 1: don't want to down Mother Nature, but I love that

503
00:36:15,400 --> 00:36:23,359
Speaker 1: you just described an affliction shirt, thank you. Yet that's

504
00:36:23,400 --> 00:36:25,359
Speaker 1: just like the image I see. It's like always these

505
00:36:25,360 --> 00:36:31,080
Speaker 1: like very like overly depicted animals and like technically to

506
00:36:31,160 --> 00:36:34,480
Speaker 1: end up looking like hybrids on their shirts. Um, it

507
00:36:34,560 --> 00:36:37,800
Speaker 1: was just one of those things and thoughts that even

508
00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:43,759
Speaker 1: more so, I think what you're describing is panthera hybrid,

509
00:36:44,840 --> 00:36:48,319
Speaker 1: which again, isn't that a that's a band Panthera. Isn't

510
00:36:48,320 --> 00:36:52,799
Speaker 1: that a Panthera's like heavy metal? Oh wait, I think

511
00:36:52,800 --> 00:36:58,960
Speaker 1: my boyfriend listens to that. I should know this, But yeah,

512
00:36:59,040 --> 00:37:05,120
Speaker 1: Pantera hybrid is cross breed between either tigers, lions, jaguars,

513
00:37:05,280 --> 00:37:08,560
Speaker 1: or leopards. And we'll actually get into that a little

514
00:37:08,600 --> 00:37:13,040
Speaker 1: more later, but yes, absolutely it is. It's it's one

515
00:37:13,080 --> 00:37:17,239
Speaker 1: of those things where for the sake of the environment

516
00:37:17,320 --> 00:37:19,960
Speaker 1: and in terms of animal welfare, I don't think we

517
00:37:19,960 --> 00:37:24,399
Speaker 1: should be intentionally creating hybrids unless there's some really good

518
00:37:24,440 --> 00:37:27,480
Speaker 1: reason to do so, like a real life Jurassic park,

519
00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:35,799
Speaker 1: Like a real life Jurassic Park. That's exactly Yes, think

520
00:37:35,840 --> 00:37:37,440
Speaker 1: about it. If we because we if you have the power,

521
00:37:37,520 --> 00:37:41,480
Speaker 1: we could make a dragon. Like we just keep breeding

522
00:37:41,480 --> 00:37:44,680
Speaker 1: animals with each other until we're like finally a dragon.

523
00:37:45,360 --> 00:37:47,520
Speaker 1: I don't think it'd be too hard because you think

524
00:37:47,560 --> 00:37:51,560
Speaker 1: about it. You know, birds are dinosaurs. We've talked about

525
00:37:51,560 --> 00:37:55,480
Speaker 1: this before. All we need is some dinosaur DNA of

526
00:37:55,520 --> 00:38:00,000
Speaker 1: them that are the dinosaurs that are somewhat related to birds.

527
00:38:00,440 --> 00:38:05,400
Speaker 1: Cross those up. You got yourself a dragon. Perfect, We

528
00:38:05,520 --> 00:38:09,760
Speaker 1: have the recipe. Oh yeah, I mean I've been attacked

529
00:38:09,840 --> 00:38:12,839
Speaker 1: by enough, you know, geese by walking past the lake

530
00:38:13,040 --> 00:38:16,840
Speaker 1: or a pond. You know, have some sort of fear

531
00:38:17,440 --> 00:38:20,040
Speaker 1: of those types of birds that can run very fast.

532
00:38:20,560 --> 00:38:24,520
Speaker 1: M m. I'm not sure I'm ready yet, but they're like,

533
00:38:24,600 --> 00:38:29,040
Speaker 1: obviously there is a want out there for this. So yeah,

534
00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:34,239
Speaker 1: it's people are clamoring for the goose dino hybrids, and

535
00:38:34,520 --> 00:38:39,000
Speaker 1: maybe we'll make it happen. You know, it's anything can happen.

536
00:38:39,600 --> 00:38:44,200
Speaker 1: If if goose I would prefer to be goose dinosaur hybrids,

537
00:38:44,200 --> 00:38:48,919
Speaker 1: that happens, you know. Oh yeah, that's yeah. Let's that's

538
00:38:49,480 --> 00:38:56,759
Speaker 1: technically bringing back raptors. Love it just running after you. Yeah,

539
00:38:56,880 --> 00:39:04,719
Speaker 1: give them things. Okay. Reproduction didn't used to involve sex boring, right, well,

540
00:39:04,920 --> 00:39:08,160
Speaker 1: life on Earth used to reproduce a sexually, so all

541
00:39:08,320 --> 00:39:12,759
Speaker 1: organisms just made copies of themselves. At some point an

542
00:39:12,800 --> 00:39:19,200
Speaker 1: early prokaryotic cell, something like a bacteria probably started exchanging genes,

543
00:39:19,600 --> 00:39:24,200
Speaker 1: and eventually eukaryotic cells perfected the technique by not just

544
00:39:24,360 --> 00:39:30,040
Speaker 1: exchanging genes, but recombining them, shuffling the deck. This new

545
00:39:30,080 --> 00:39:35,160
Speaker 1: form of reproduction. Sexual reproduction allowed organisms to pull together

546
00:39:35,200 --> 00:39:40,600
Speaker 1: their genetic resources and diversify, which gave them adaptive advantages

547
00:39:40,920 --> 00:39:43,799
Speaker 1: where they didn't have to rely on only a mutation

548
00:39:43,960 --> 00:39:48,760
Speaker 1: for offspring to become more genetically diverse from the parent. So, hey, parents,

549
00:39:48,880 --> 00:39:51,640
Speaker 1: your kids may drive you crazy sometimes, but the fact

550
00:39:51,640 --> 00:39:53,400
Speaker 1: that they're different from you means that we're not a

551
00:39:53,520 --> 00:39:57,520
Speaker 1: huge clonal species. When we return, we're going to have

552
00:39:57,680 --> 00:40:00,879
Speaker 1: some fun talking about real life exam boles of some

553
00:40:01,120 --> 00:40:12,080
Speaker 1: unbelievable hybrids. Alright, so now, you guys, we are onto

554
00:40:12,360 --> 00:40:15,680
Speaker 1: the most fun, the funniest part of the show, where

555
00:40:15,719 --> 00:40:20,480
Speaker 1: I talk about some real life hybrids that are I

556
00:40:20,520 --> 00:40:23,880
Speaker 1: think a lot of people know about the ligers and

557
00:40:23,920 --> 00:40:27,520
Speaker 1: the taigons and these big cat mixes, which are really cool,

558
00:40:28,200 --> 00:40:31,200
Speaker 1: but I'm going to talk about a few that I

559
00:40:31,239 --> 00:40:33,919
Speaker 1: think are a little less known. So first of all,

560
00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:39,600
Speaker 1: a little bit of information about hybrid naming conventions. Everybody's

561
00:40:39,640 --> 00:40:45,520
Speaker 1: favorite subject on the show naming conventions, so the father

562
00:40:45,680 --> 00:40:49,560
Speaker 1: species typically comes first and then the mothers because I

563
00:40:49,640 --> 00:40:54,680
Speaker 1: guess feminism has not come to hybrid naming conventions and

564
00:40:54,760 --> 00:40:59,360
Speaker 1: it needs to. But a liger is a lion father

565
00:40:59,560 --> 00:41:04,400
Speaker 1: and a higer mother. I don't think this naming convention

566
00:41:04,600 --> 00:41:08,560
Speaker 1: is always used. I certainly have seen news articles about

567
00:41:08,640 --> 00:41:12,920
Speaker 1: hybrids that don't really use this naming convention, so I

568
00:41:12,920 --> 00:41:16,400
Speaker 1: wouldn't always if someone says this is a tiger on

569
00:41:17,280 --> 00:41:20,360
Speaker 1: it should technically be that the tiger is the father

570
00:41:20,560 --> 00:41:26,160
Speaker 1: and the lion is the Wait, yes, the tiger is

571
00:41:26,200 --> 00:41:30,560
Speaker 1: the father and the lion is the mother, but sometimes

572
00:41:30,640 --> 00:41:32,839
Speaker 1: it's not. I don't know, but yeah, that is that

573
00:41:33,120 --> 00:41:38,680
Speaker 1: has been traditionally the naming convention. And the reason it

574
00:41:38,960 --> 00:41:43,400
Speaker 1: is actually of note which species is the father and

575
00:41:43,480 --> 00:41:47,759
Speaker 1: which is the mother is that the genes attached to

576
00:41:48,160 --> 00:41:52,120
Speaker 1: X or Y chromosomes do matter when you're creating a hybrid.

577
00:41:52,239 --> 00:41:55,719
Speaker 1: So uh, some genes are passed down through females and

578
00:41:55,760 --> 00:41:59,080
Speaker 1: some through males, so you can get some really interesting

579
00:41:59,120 --> 00:42:02,480
Speaker 1: things that happen and with hybrids. So for instance, ligers

580
00:42:03,040 --> 00:42:06,680
Speaker 1: are huge, and there are a really interesting case because

581
00:42:06,719 --> 00:42:11,440
Speaker 1: they get so big because usually lions get genes from

582
00:42:11,680 --> 00:42:17,160
Speaker 1: females that inhibit male offspring growth, but female tigers don't

583
00:42:17,280 --> 00:42:21,120
Speaker 1: do that. So if you have a male lion mate

584
00:42:21,280 --> 00:42:25,680
Speaker 1: with a female tiger, you get a liger, and male

585
00:42:25,760 --> 00:42:31,120
Speaker 1: ligers can grow to be huge, huge animals, much larger

586
00:42:31,320 --> 00:42:34,279
Speaker 1: than a lion or a tiger could get. And they're

587
00:42:34,320 --> 00:42:40,680
Speaker 1: so pretty, they are beautiful. When we were watching Tiger King,

588
00:42:40,840 --> 00:42:44,320
Speaker 1: like the rest of the world um into the liger,

589
00:42:44,760 --> 00:42:47,680
Speaker 1: my husband double taked and I was like, yeah, it's real, Yeah,

590
00:42:47,680 --> 00:42:54,480
Speaker 1: it's real. I think that. I think Tiger King is

591
00:42:54,560 --> 00:43:00,319
Speaker 1: a great example of my my annoying moralizing though, where yes,

592
00:43:00,360 --> 00:43:04,799
Speaker 1: these hybrids are really cool, but then when you realize

593
00:43:04,800 --> 00:43:07,920
Speaker 1: that they are these animals that have been created just

594
00:43:08,120 --> 00:43:13,200
Speaker 1: for entertainment and without much care to their health and

595
00:43:13,239 --> 00:43:16,399
Speaker 1: well being, it's yes, it's not. It's not great. So

596
00:43:16,880 --> 00:43:20,239
Speaker 1: I can appreciate how how cool they are and how interesting,

597
00:43:20,320 --> 00:43:23,480
Speaker 1: but when they are intentionally created just for entertainment, I

598
00:43:23,520 --> 00:43:27,840
Speaker 1: think that is, you know, not good. That's back to

599
00:43:27,840 --> 00:43:30,200
Speaker 1: what you said. There's no they have to stay where

600
00:43:30,239 --> 00:43:32,840
Speaker 1: they are, there's no way for them to go out anywhere,

601
00:43:33,560 --> 00:43:37,720
Speaker 1: and so it's not for conservation. Because you can't release

602
00:43:37,800 --> 00:43:39,719
Speaker 1: them to the wild. I don't think it's for any

603
00:43:39,760 --> 00:43:45,800
Speaker 1: kind of scientific research or any yeah, any ecological purpose.

604
00:43:45,880 --> 00:43:49,840
Speaker 1: It's just for entertainment. So that's you know, like I

605
00:43:49,880 --> 00:43:54,040
Speaker 1: don't I think when it's charming when the sturtle fish

606
00:43:54,160 --> 00:43:56,759
Speaker 1: was created because they were not trying to do that.

607
00:43:56,880 --> 00:43:59,440
Speaker 1: It was a happy accident and they were being really

608
00:43:59,440 --> 00:44:01,880
Speaker 1: the reason richers are being really cool about it because

609
00:44:01,920 --> 00:44:03,960
Speaker 1: they're going to take care of these fish for the

610
00:44:04,000 --> 00:44:06,600
Speaker 1: rest of their lives, but they aren't going to create

611
00:44:06,640 --> 00:44:09,320
Speaker 1: more of them or release them into the wild or anything.

612
00:44:09,360 --> 00:44:12,120
Speaker 1: But yeah, it's it's one of those things where you

613
00:44:12,160 --> 00:44:18,360
Speaker 1: know it it's a I am still very fascinated by hybrids,

614
00:44:18,480 --> 00:44:21,399
Speaker 1: but it is definitely we should not be creating like,

615
00:44:22,200 --> 00:44:24,640
Speaker 1: you know, oh, we can cross this animal with this

616
00:44:24,719 --> 00:44:28,040
Speaker 1: and then we get like a pocket giraffe. Not that

617
00:44:28,040 --> 00:44:30,400
Speaker 1: that would actually work, but if it did work, though,

618
00:44:31,000 --> 00:44:35,080
Speaker 1: I wish that ethically and scientifically speaking, it were possible.

619
00:44:35,800 --> 00:44:39,799
Speaker 1: Go ahead and a shrink ray and we're just gonna

620
00:44:40,360 --> 00:44:42,719
Speaker 1: just shrink a draft down and I'm just gonna keep

621
00:44:42,719 --> 00:44:45,480
Speaker 1: it in myront pocket of my shirt, and we're just

622
00:44:45,560 --> 00:44:49,879
Speaker 1: gonna go on adventures together. I'm gonna say. I'm gonna say,

623
00:44:50,040 --> 00:44:51,960
Speaker 1: because I'm tired of being a wet blanket, I'm going

624
00:44:52,000 --> 00:44:56,000
Speaker 1: to say, yes, dream your dreams, dream your giraffe dreams.

625
00:44:59,640 --> 00:45:02,600
Speaker 1: Keep that science is going to continue to try to

626
00:45:02,600 --> 00:45:07,359
Speaker 1: push these types of animal creation hybrids because it does

627
00:45:07,480 --> 00:45:10,359
Speaker 1: there do need to draw a crowd like any when

628
00:45:10,360 --> 00:45:12,840
Speaker 1: snapchatters came out, like it was everybody had to have

629
00:45:12,880 --> 00:45:15,160
Speaker 1: a picture with a tiger. If you get a liger

630
00:45:15,200 --> 00:45:18,920
Speaker 1: or some kind of hybrid like abolish status. I don't

631
00:45:19,120 --> 00:45:23,680
Speaker 1: think that would be coming from scientists really because the

632
00:45:24,320 --> 00:45:27,520
Speaker 1: I think with a lot of scientists who do research

633
00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:33,200
Speaker 1: into animals, and I think it would be most most

634
00:45:33,280 --> 00:45:36,319
Speaker 1: of them, I would assume would be more worried about

635
00:45:36,520 --> 00:45:39,879
Speaker 1: what would happen when they do this, like the the implications.

636
00:45:39,920 --> 00:45:46,080
Speaker 1: Now there is research into creating hybridized DNA without actually

637
00:45:46,080 --> 00:45:49,880
Speaker 1: creating a living animal, So you're sort of mixing DNA

638
00:45:50,640 --> 00:45:54,000
Speaker 1: and you're trying to create you're basically trying to create

639
00:45:54,160 --> 00:46:00,359
Speaker 1: a zygote or uh an embryo without any intention of

640
00:46:00,400 --> 00:46:04,600
Speaker 1: having it reach maturity, and so that I think could

641
00:46:04,680 --> 00:46:08,360
Speaker 1: go on. But in terms of actually creating like living

642
00:46:08,440 --> 00:46:13,239
Speaker 1: animal hybrids, I think there's you know there I think

643
00:46:13,320 --> 00:46:17,200
Speaker 1: in general, scientists who would be dealing with this would

644
00:46:17,280 --> 00:46:20,560
Speaker 1: have ethical concerns. Um, that's not to say that it

645
00:46:20,560 --> 00:46:23,799
Speaker 1: wouldn't ever happen, you know that that there are there

646
00:46:23,840 --> 00:46:28,160
Speaker 1: are obviously times when I think, uh uh, things are

647
00:46:28,200 --> 00:46:31,640
Speaker 1: not you know, or it could be there could be

648
00:46:31,680 --> 00:46:35,200
Speaker 1: like a really good reason to hybridize certain animals, like

649
00:46:35,280 --> 00:46:39,840
Speaker 1: for some kind of say important research on genetics that

650
00:46:39,880 --> 00:46:44,480
Speaker 1: could potentially help with uh medical research or something. But yeah,

651
00:46:44,640 --> 00:46:49,000
Speaker 1: there's not often enough utility I think to really make

652
00:46:49,040 --> 00:46:52,200
Speaker 1: it worthwhile, unless again it's one of these things like

653
00:46:52,280 --> 00:46:54,480
Speaker 1: that's done in a lab and you're not really creating

654
00:46:54,680 --> 00:46:59,480
Speaker 1: living animals that you know, have to live with the consequences.

655
00:46:59,560 --> 00:47:04,400
Speaker 1: So keeping it hypothetical yea, mostly yeah, I mean hypothetical

656
00:47:04,600 --> 00:47:09,800
Speaker 1: or at the sort of like zygote or multicellular stage.

657
00:47:10,520 --> 00:47:16,000
Speaker 1: But sometimes you get again happy little accidents, just like

658
00:47:16,200 --> 00:47:19,239
Speaker 1: Bob Brass making a painting, but the paintings made out

659
00:47:19,280 --> 00:47:24,360
Speaker 1: of genes and DNA. So I want to talk about

660
00:47:24,719 --> 00:47:30,640
Speaker 1: jeeps or geeps. Jeeps jeeps not the car, but a

661
00:47:30,840 --> 00:47:35,319
Speaker 1: goat and a sheep hybrid. So we talked about this

662
00:47:35,400 --> 00:47:39,720
Speaker 1: a little earlier about how goat and sheep hybrids are

663
00:47:39,960 --> 00:47:45,120
Speaker 1: fairly rare because these are intergeneric hybrids. So these are

664
00:47:45,160 --> 00:47:48,239
Speaker 1: animals from two different genuses. So not only are they

665
00:47:48,320 --> 00:47:52,160
Speaker 1: different species, they're from completely different genuses. And they are

666
00:47:52,200 --> 00:47:56,560
Speaker 1: not super super close genetically, but they can't. They're just

667
00:47:56,719 --> 00:47:59,880
Speaker 1: close enough that once in a while they can. So

668
00:48:00,120 --> 00:48:03,719
Speaker 1: most hybrids between a goat and a sheep are still born.

669
00:48:03,840 --> 00:48:09,239
Speaker 1: They don't survive, but those that do are incredibly cute.

670
00:48:09,920 --> 00:48:14,600
Speaker 1: And it's usually these happened by accidents. So like you

671
00:48:14,719 --> 00:48:18,320
Speaker 1: have a farmer who has a bunch of female sheep

672
00:48:18,400 --> 00:48:21,680
Speaker 1: and has a male goat but no male sheep, but

673
00:48:21,920 --> 00:48:28,799
Speaker 1: somehow oopsies immaculate conception. Except no, this is not a

674
00:48:28,960 --> 00:48:33,040
Speaker 1: Jesus sheep. This is a shoot or a jeep being

675
00:48:33,080 --> 00:48:45,320
Speaker 1: born Jesus sheep. Jesus sheep passed. He's a savior lambdable,

676
00:48:46,600 --> 00:48:51,440
Speaker 1: and we are his flock. It all makes sense, but yeah,

677
00:48:51,520 --> 00:48:56,440
Speaker 1: it is. It's these are very cute. I've sent you

678
00:48:56,440 --> 00:49:01,440
Speaker 1: guys a couple of photos of what are likely to be.

679
00:49:01,600 --> 00:49:04,759
Speaker 1: Now it's hard to exactly verify. To really verify, you'd

680
00:49:04,760 --> 00:49:08,000
Speaker 1: have to run a genetic test on these, but these

681
00:49:08,120 --> 00:49:12,320
Speaker 1: are these do appear to be genuine cases of a

682
00:49:12,360 --> 00:49:19,880
Speaker 1: successful goat cheap hybridization event. And they look like a

683
00:49:19,880 --> 00:49:24,359
Speaker 1: goat and a sheep. There's really not much better way

684
00:49:24,400 --> 00:49:26,759
Speaker 1: to describe it, because it's not even like it has

685
00:49:26,760 --> 00:49:29,320
Speaker 1: a goat body and sheep for like, if they people

686
00:49:29,480 --> 00:49:34,239
Speaker 1: blending of these two animals. They're so stinking cute. Though.

687
00:49:34,800 --> 00:49:38,400
Speaker 1: I really staring at this and I'm like, where is

688
00:49:38,560 --> 00:49:42,160
Speaker 1: the nearest petting farm or I can give it all

689
00:49:42,239 --> 00:49:45,120
Speaker 1: the love in the world. I wasn't down with goat yoga,

690
00:49:45,200 --> 00:49:49,680
Speaker 1: but I might be down with keep yoga show yoga. Yeah,

691
00:49:49,800 --> 00:49:54,720
Speaker 1: it's they are extremely rare unfortunately, so probably not coming

692
00:49:54,719 --> 00:49:57,800
Speaker 1: to a petting zoo near you, but yes they are.

693
00:49:57,920 --> 00:50:00,319
Speaker 1: It is. It is one of those things where or

694
00:50:00,880 --> 00:50:04,560
Speaker 1: it just feels like Mother Nature is thirst trapping us

695
00:50:04,680 --> 00:50:08,400
Speaker 1: with these adorable animals. That's like, oh, but you can't

696
00:50:08,440 --> 00:50:13,040
Speaker 1: pet them because they almost never exist. Speaking of rare

697
00:50:13,239 --> 00:50:18,120
Speaker 1: and adorable, is the nar luga is a beluga whale

698
00:50:18,120 --> 00:50:23,520
Speaker 1: and a narwhale. Yes, okay, all right, here's what you

699
00:50:23,520 --> 00:50:26,560
Speaker 1: have to understand. It's a freaking huge narwhale Like narm

700
00:50:26,560 --> 00:50:30,840
Speaker 1: walls are pretty big already with beluga whale size narwhale

701
00:50:30,840 --> 00:50:33,360
Speaker 1: based on this picture and the tiny little fish underneath

702
00:50:33,440 --> 00:50:36,600
Speaker 1: that guy, Holy cow, and no horn. Yeah, that's what

703
00:50:36,680 --> 00:50:40,040
Speaker 1: let's say. There's no horn and all. It's like it's

704
00:50:40,080 --> 00:50:42,960
Speaker 1: got the head. It's got that, you know, the the

705
00:50:43,800 --> 00:50:46,200
Speaker 1: what do they call it? But it's like rounded at

706
00:50:46,200 --> 00:50:51,520
Speaker 1: the top the melon. It's called the melon. So I'm

707
00:50:51,600 --> 00:50:55,240
Speaker 1: just like, I have so many questions because technically beluga

708
00:50:55,239 --> 00:50:57,920
Speaker 1: whale can hear, like they're like they're just their senses

709
00:50:57,920 --> 00:51:00,120
Speaker 1: are like out of this world. But then like our

710
00:51:00,239 --> 00:51:03,880
Speaker 1: roll has a horn and so um, it's actually a

711
00:51:03,920 --> 00:51:19,279
Speaker 1: modified tooth, modified her nerd glasses on um actually, oh man,

712
00:51:19,640 --> 00:51:23,280
Speaker 1: it was. Is this a painting or an actual thing?

713
00:51:23,400 --> 00:51:26,200
Speaker 1: The reason this is a painting is we don't actually

714
00:51:26,239 --> 00:51:30,319
Speaker 1: have any confirmed photos of the nar luga, but we

715
00:51:30,440 --> 00:51:34,080
Speaker 1: do know it exists. And this is because we have

716
00:51:34,360 --> 00:51:38,600
Speaker 1: a skull of an oar luga from the nineteen eighties

717
00:51:38,960 --> 00:51:43,279
Speaker 1: that has puzzled scientists for over thirty years. So this

718
00:51:43,440 --> 00:51:46,680
Speaker 1: skull had too many teeth for a nar wall and

719
00:51:46,760 --> 00:51:50,919
Speaker 1: too few for a beluga. And just because there's no

720
00:51:51,800 --> 00:51:56,160
Speaker 1: modified tooth, not all nar walls, especially females, don't typically

721
00:51:56,200 --> 00:52:00,160
Speaker 1: have that modified tooth. So it's really the fact that

722
00:52:00,280 --> 00:52:03,680
Speaker 1: this skull didn't seem like it could possibly be either

723
00:52:03,800 --> 00:52:07,000
Speaker 1: a nar wall or a beluga, even though it seemed

724
00:52:07,040 --> 00:52:10,360
Speaker 1: pretty close to either one of them. So a hunter

725
00:52:10,520 --> 00:52:14,680
Speaker 1: in Greenland donated the skull, saying he had killed three

726
00:52:14,840 --> 00:52:18,160
Speaker 1: strange looking whales which looked like a mix between a

727
00:52:18,239 --> 00:52:24,400
Speaker 1: narwhal and a beluga. Now I'm not generally against hunting

728
00:52:24,960 --> 00:52:29,440
Speaker 1: for sustenance, but and I do think it's good this

729
00:52:29,520 --> 00:52:33,640
Speaker 1: hunter donated the skull to the museum. But if you

730
00:52:33,719 --> 00:52:40,080
Speaker 1: see three potentially new animals, why are you killing all them? Yeah?

731
00:52:40,320 --> 00:52:43,759
Speaker 1: You look interesting, but I'm going to murder right, Yeah,

732
00:52:43,800 --> 00:52:46,720
Speaker 1: you look you look like something I've never seen before.

733
00:52:46,920 --> 00:52:52,400
Speaker 1: Better killing this is wild. I'm looking at the skulls uh,

734
00:52:52,680 --> 00:52:57,680
Speaker 1: the narwhal, the nar luga, and a beluga whale, and

735
00:52:57,840 --> 00:53:01,600
Speaker 1: it's weird because like both the narwhale and the bluga

736
00:53:01,600 --> 00:53:06,359
Speaker 1: whales seemed to have a more narrow mouth than the

737
00:53:06,440 --> 00:53:11,080
Speaker 1: hybrid creature that comes out of them, and also can

738
00:53:11,480 --> 00:53:15,880
Speaker 1: have eyes. Yes their skull where in their skull pattern

739
00:53:16,360 --> 00:53:19,720
Speaker 1: they're tiny, like right on the side like a shark,

740
00:53:20,520 --> 00:53:24,120
Speaker 1: you see, where like the jaw, the jaw the jaw

741
00:53:24,200 --> 00:53:27,560
Speaker 1: joint is, yeah, like it would be. The eyes would

742
00:53:27,560 --> 00:53:31,960
Speaker 1: be like behind that, yeah, above and behind that. Yeah

743
00:53:32,200 --> 00:53:35,120
Speaker 1: that creaks me out. You can't see straight ahead of

744
00:53:35,160 --> 00:53:39,520
Speaker 1: you just on either side would brain pattern information looks.

745
00:53:39,760 --> 00:53:43,400
Speaker 1: But they can also echolocate, so they are seeing seeing

746
00:53:43,520 --> 00:53:48,960
Speaker 1: with their brains and sounds. Yeah, Kayla, who is the

747
00:53:49,040 --> 00:53:51,720
Speaker 1: Star Wars character that's like a robot with a skull

748
00:53:51,840 --> 00:53:57,319
Speaker 1: and four arms? General? Is that grievous? General? Grievous? Yeah,

749
00:53:57,440 --> 00:53:59,360
Speaker 1: that's what skull is giving me A lot of generals.

750
00:53:59,360 --> 00:54:05,520
Speaker 1: Grievous by n Lucascal and I am getting from yeah,

751
00:54:06,400 --> 00:54:15,400
Speaker 1: oh yeah, oh yeah. Theory which is funny because that

752
00:54:15,600 --> 00:54:19,600
Speaker 1: is kind of what whales sound like sometimes under the water,

753
00:54:19,840 --> 00:54:28,600
Speaker 1: like maybe maybe skex. This is is whales cute? Do

754
00:54:28,719 --> 00:54:30,600
Speaker 1: you think we'd be able to recreate the sound that

755
00:54:30,760 --> 00:54:35,279
Speaker 1: it makes? Oh? Maybe sort of like that. Remember when

756
00:54:35,440 --> 00:54:40,680
Speaker 1: they took that mummy and recreated the voice it was

757
00:54:41,440 --> 00:54:44,040
Speaker 1: which mommy? Which mommy was? That? Was that King tut

758
00:54:44,400 --> 00:54:52,680
Speaker 1: or fancies? Was it Ramsey's? But they recreated the vocal

759
00:54:52,840 --> 00:54:58,920
Speaker 1: cords and voice box and larynx and then they so

760
00:54:59,040 --> 00:55:01,160
Speaker 1: they did this whole as they used an m r

761
00:55:01,239 --> 00:55:04,960
Speaker 1: I and they three D printed out its voice box

762
00:55:05,080 --> 00:55:10,600
Speaker 1: and vocal cords, and then they were very ceremoniously pronounced

763
00:55:10,640 --> 00:55:13,839
Speaker 1: that they were able to produce a single sound from

764
00:55:14,360 --> 00:55:18,560
Speaker 1: this recreated voice, and they I guess pumped air through

765
00:55:18,640 --> 00:55:29,320
Speaker 1: this this model and the voice was this He was

766
00:55:29,360 --> 00:55:34,560
Speaker 1: an Egyptian. Yes, yes, and and the way they just

767
00:55:34,760 --> 00:55:38,480
Speaker 1: so it was so officiously announced like a voice from

768
00:55:39,000 --> 00:55:41,799
Speaker 1: from thousands of years ago and now we can hear

769
00:55:41,840 --> 00:55:50,000
Speaker 1: it echoing across the centuries. So to answer your question,

770
00:55:50,160 --> 00:55:56,359
Speaker 1: maybe they could recreate Luga vocal voice box and then

771
00:55:56,440 --> 00:56:02,680
Speaker 1: it just goes or that's like, that's it's just funny

772
00:56:02,719 --> 00:56:04,520
Speaker 1: to me because that's what the That's another thought that

773
00:56:04,600 --> 00:56:07,080
Speaker 1: comes into my mind with these hybrids. It's like, okay,

774
00:56:07,120 --> 00:56:09,880
Speaker 1: so which which noise are they going to take on?

775
00:56:10,760 --> 00:56:14,560
Speaker 1: Um and and and where did that fall within the

776
00:56:14,640 --> 00:56:17,520
Speaker 1: traits that they're going to great to get. That's that's

777
00:56:17,640 --> 00:56:19,759
Speaker 1: very interesting to kind of think about, like how would

778
00:56:19,800 --> 00:56:22,719
Speaker 1: it sound? Yeah, and it's I mean, it's one of

779
00:56:22,840 --> 00:56:26,560
Speaker 1: those things where this skull it looks it looks like

780
00:56:26,680 --> 00:56:29,360
Speaker 1: it's some kind of hoax, like this hunter brought it in,

781
00:56:29,520 --> 00:56:33,360
Speaker 1: but he just glued some narwhale parts to a beluga skull.

782
00:56:33,480 --> 00:56:37,640
Speaker 1: But they ran DNA analysis on it thirty years after

783
00:56:37,760 --> 00:56:40,360
Speaker 1: it was donated, and it revealed that it was a

784
00:56:40,880 --> 00:56:45,120
Speaker 1: true hybrid with a narwhale mother and a beluga father.

785
00:56:45,880 --> 00:56:50,319
Speaker 1: So you know again, it's it's I don't know, it's

786
00:56:50,440 --> 00:56:53,000
Speaker 1: just in. This hunter, if he's to be believed, said

787
00:56:53,040 --> 00:56:56,160
Speaker 1: he saw three of them, so it probably they were

788
00:56:56,239 --> 00:56:59,560
Speaker 1: probably all related. It was probably just a narwhal that

789
00:57:00,000 --> 00:57:05,080
Speaker 1: all in love with a beluga and had children. I

790
00:57:05,400 --> 00:57:08,560
Speaker 1: love this love story. I love how cute it is.

791
00:57:08,840 --> 00:57:11,560
Speaker 1: I love that it's sort of Romeo and Juliet were

792
00:57:11,600 --> 00:57:13,880
Speaker 1: from different sides of the ocean. Yeah, maybe we're not

793
00:57:13,960 --> 00:57:17,520
Speaker 1: supposed to hang out. Our baby is freaking cute. Oh

794
00:57:17,600 --> 00:57:27,000
Speaker 1: my god, love is a humbler near you? Uh? And

795
00:57:27,560 --> 00:57:31,760
Speaker 1: here's another one. I bet you can guess just based

796
00:57:31,840 --> 00:57:34,440
Speaker 1: on this photo of what this animal is. So I

797
00:57:34,520 --> 00:57:37,320
Speaker 1: get I sent you guys. This is a big cat hybrid.

798
00:57:37,600 --> 00:57:40,520
Speaker 1: What do you think it is? Wait? Left pi in

799
00:57:41,000 --> 00:57:45,640
Speaker 1: or is it a lyon pard? And what do we

800
00:57:45,720 --> 00:57:50,360
Speaker 1: call this? That's very close it's a Leo pond Leo pond.

801
00:57:50,600 --> 00:57:54,120
Speaker 1: That makes sense. We always very helpful in pronouncing this name.

802
00:57:55,200 --> 00:57:58,440
Speaker 1: So this is a scares me. I love it. I

803
00:57:58,560 --> 00:58:02,400
Speaker 1: think it's awesome. It looks like I'm getting very Oh

804
00:58:02,560 --> 00:58:07,120
Speaker 1: what's the what's what were those super colorful notebooks that

805
00:58:07,280 --> 00:58:17,200
Speaker 1: we have, Frank, Yes, cool, let's girl in school. So, so,

806
00:58:17,760 --> 00:58:20,800
Speaker 1: a leupon is the hybrid of a male leopard and

807
00:58:21,040 --> 00:58:26,120
Speaker 1: female lion. They're very rare. They only happen in captivity

808
00:58:26,360 --> 00:58:31,240
Speaker 1: because leopards and lions do not share the same continent,

809
00:58:32,040 --> 00:58:37,040
Speaker 1: so they are leopards are found in South America and

810
00:58:37,240 --> 00:58:40,760
Speaker 1: lions are found in Africa, and so they would have

811
00:58:40,960 --> 00:58:43,000
Speaker 1: to I guess, get on a plane or a boat

812
00:58:43,080 --> 00:58:45,960
Speaker 1: to make that affair happen. So these have only happened

813
00:58:46,360 --> 00:58:52,160
Speaker 1: in zoos in captivity, and they look absolutely bonkers. So

814
00:58:52,320 --> 00:58:56,440
Speaker 1: they have the males have a main and a spotted

815
00:58:56,600 --> 00:59:02,000
Speaker 1: leopard coat. It's it just looks like something if I

816
00:59:02,240 --> 00:59:06,360
Speaker 1: was if you told me as a child, imagine a

817
00:59:06,440 --> 00:59:09,760
Speaker 1: cross between a lion and a leopard, this is what

818
00:59:09,960 --> 00:59:13,000
Speaker 1: I would imagine and doodle on my Lisa Frank notebook.

819
00:59:13,600 --> 00:59:15,760
Speaker 1: I kind of looked at first like they just put

820
00:59:15,840 --> 00:59:17,920
Speaker 1: a lion's beIN on a leopard, you know, with like

821
00:59:17,960 --> 00:59:21,320
Speaker 1: golden rechievers yes, yes, yes, yes, I was like, that's

822
00:59:21,360 --> 00:59:26,240
Speaker 1: so cute. Owner, that's a real glared beastie. Like cute,

823
00:59:26,280 --> 00:59:28,640
Speaker 1: but terrifying. I think about terrifying thought would be like

824
00:59:28,760 --> 00:59:31,000
Speaker 1: oh if this happened with like a snow leper and

825
00:59:31,120 --> 00:59:33,680
Speaker 1: be like, oh, that would be like the most crazy

826
00:59:34,680 --> 00:59:38,000
Speaker 1: you never see him coming, Yeah, it would be done.

827
00:59:38,200 --> 00:59:41,120
Speaker 1: I'm also thinking about like the vertical leaf leopard tab

828
00:59:41,240 --> 00:59:44,120
Speaker 1: like they frequently take like giant deer into trees and

829
00:59:44,200 --> 00:59:47,240
Speaker 1: eat them up there, and then allions like ability to

830
00:59:47,360 --> 00:59:50,040
Speaker 1: just go forever as far as like running and hunting

831
00:59:50,080 --> 00:59:52,400
Speaker 1: and stocking. It's right like this is if it were

832
00:59:52,560 --> 00:59:55,480
Speaker 1: in the wild. Somehow, I feel like it would be

833
00:59:55,520 --> 00:59:59,120
Speaker 1: a very formidable creature. Yes, I mean that is a

834
00:59:59,240 --> 01:00:04,320
Speaker 1: concern when hybrids are created like that, it would basically

835
01:00:04,560 --> 01:00:08,120
Speaker 1: damage the environment that you release it into by out

836
01:00:08,200 --> 01:00:13,080
Speaker 1: competing the native populations. And if these are sterile, I

837
01:00:13,200 --> 01:00:17,280
Speaker 1: mean it's they're just gonna outcompete but then not reproduce

838
01:00:17,440 --> 01:00:19,640
Speaker 1: or anything. So it's not like you can release them

839
01:00:19,680 --> 01:00:22,560
Speaker 1: to try to repopulate an area with this new animal.

840
01:00:23,160 --> 01:00:26,280
Speaker 1: But what it's interesting you had mentioned like these two

841
01:00:26,720 --> 01:00:30,760
Speaker 1: like the abilities of leopards to climb trees because reportedly

842
01:00:31,280 --> 01:00:35,680
Speaker 1: their behaviors seem to be a combination of lion and leopards,

843
01:00:35,720 --> 01:00:40,720
Speaker 1: so they liked to climb and swim like leopards while

844
01:00:41,000 --> 01:00:45,840
Speaker 1: sporting this fantastic lion Maine. So it's quite interesting, um

845
01:00:47,080 --> 01:00:51,840
Speaker 1: and they uh yeah, I mean again, I think it's like,

846
01:00:52,080 --> 01:00:55,920
Speaker 1: it's really cool. But there's not really an ethical reason

847
01:00:56,120 --> 01:00:59,000
Speaker 1: for this to exist other than to be fuel for

848
01:00:59,120 --> 01:01:03,560
Speaker 1: Lisa Frank and her creative pursuits. And not to knock that,

849
01:01:03,720 --> 01:01:06,920
Speaker 1: but yeah, it's probably not just it's not worth the

850
01:01:07,000 --> 01:01:09,040
Speaker 1: risk of creating an animal that has a bunch of

851
01:01:09,120 --> 01:01:14,760
Speaker 1: health problems. And yeah, but uh, but I want to

852
01:01:15,000 --> 01:01:18,720
Speaker 1: now talk about one that it seems to be happening

853
01:01:18,760 --> 01:01:23,320
Speaker 1: in the wild, and it is called the pisley. I

854
01:01:23,440 --> 01:01:26,840
Speaker 1: bet you can guess what a pisley is. Grizzly and

855
01:01:27,200 --> 01:01:32,600
Speaker 1: polar bear. Yes, oh my god, it looks so sad, though,

856
01:01:32,680 --> 01:01:36,640
Speaker 1: where is it this one? I think this one's in

857
01:01:36,760 --> 01:01:42,320
Speaker 1: the wild. It's facial expression I think is kind of inscrutable.

858
01:01:42,360 --> 01:01:46,320
Speaker 1: It's not necessarily sad, but I do like, I do

859
01:01:46,520 --> 01:01:49,040
Speaker 1: like the idea that it's just perpetually sad, Like I

860
01:01:49,200 --> 01:01:57,360
Speaker 1: shouldn't exist. So these are a combination of polar bear

861
01:01:57,560 --> 01:02:02,120
Speaker 1: and grizzly bear DNA. When is it sounds like something

862
01:02:02,240 --> 01:02:05,960
Speaker 1: again that a mad scientist tries to create to make

863
01:02:06,000 --> 01:02:09,160
Speaker 1: a monster, like you know and Leelan Stitch, the the

864
01:02:09,280 --> 01:02:12,840
Speaker 1: guy he creates Stitch as basically just this ultimate monster

865
01:02:13,000 --> 01:02:14,959
Speaker 1: just for the fun of it. That's what these guys

866
01:02:15,040 --> 01:02:20,640
Speaker 1: sound like. Uh. And but these do happen in the wild.

867
01:02:20,840 --> 01:02:24,280
Speaker 1: So there have been eight d in a tested confirmed

868
01:02:24,520 --> 01:02:29,120
Speaker 1: wild Pizzley's all descending from the same polar bear mother.

869
01:02:30,240 --> 01:02:34,040
Speaker 1: Which it's crazy because it's like, I guess this polar

870
01:02:34,120 --> 01:02:37,080
Speaker 1: bear mom just had a fetish for grizzly bear males.

871
01:02:38,000 --> 01:02:45,160
Speaker 1: We should not fetishis grizzly polar bear mom together? What

872
01:02:45,520 --> 01:02:50,200
Speaker 1: is going on? He said? I will um, you know,

873
01:02:51,360 --> 01:03:02,720
Speaker 1: never go back. So grizzly bears and polar bears, uh

874
01:03:03,280 --> 01:03:07,760
Speaker 1: live in habitats that don't really always overlapp that much.

875
01:03:08,120 --> 01:03:12,320
Speaker 1: But in the Canadian Arctic, especially now that it seems

876
01:03:12,360 --> 01:03:16,600
Speaker 1: that grizzly bears are expanding their habitat further north and

877
01:03:16,840 --> 01:03:21,160
Speaker 1: polar bears might start to be pushed out of their

878
01:03:21,240 --> 01:03:25,360
Speaker 1: normal habitat due to global warming. These grizzly bear and

879
01:03:25,600 --> 01:03:29,440
Speaker 1: polar bear encounters are more likely, so when they do,

880
01:03:29,720 --> 01:03:33,360
Speaker 1: like so you can picture what these guys look like.

881
01:03:33,640 --> 01:03:36,960
Speaker 1: It looks the one I'm looking at now. Of course

882
01:03:36,960 --> 01:03:39,840
Speaker 1: they're going to be different depending on what salad of

883
01:03:39,960 --> 01:03:43,400
Speaker 1: jeans they get. But this one is white with a

884
01:03:43,480 --> 01:03:46,320
Speaker 1: little bit off white like, uh, sort of a cream

885
01:03:46,440 --> 01:03:51,160
Speaker 1: colored like a creme brulet situation going on a real

886
01:03:51,360 --> 01:03:54,320
Speaker 1: toasted marshmallow of a bear. I'm just hungry, is the thing.

887
01:03:58,080 --> 01:04:02,600
Speaker 1: But it has the it has a it's big. It's

888
01:04:02,720 --> 01:04:04,640
Speaker 1: maybe a little bigger than a grizzly bear, but it

889
01:04:04,760 --> 01:04:10,160
Speaker 1: has a grizzly bear shaped head, but polar bear fur

890
01:04:10,960 --> 01:04:15,240
Speaker 1: and kind of I don't know. It really doesn't look

891
01:04:15,440 --> 01:04:17,600
Speaker 1: like a blend of the two, but it's definitely Its

892
01:04:17,640 --> 01:04:20,160
Speaker 1: head is a little more grizzly bear. Maybe it's snout

893
01:04:20,280 --> 01:04:24,440
Speaker 1: is a little longer because with polar bears they are

894
01:04:24,880 --> 01:04:28,120
Speaker 1: long and big, so their heads are actually kind of long,

895
01:04:28,280 --> 01:04:32,680
Speaker 1: whereas grizzly bears have sort of a more squished in

896
01:04:32,920 --> 01:04:38,520
Speaker 1: head and rounder head. But yeah, this is really cute.

897
01:04:38,640 --> 01:04:41,560
Speaker 1: But if I saw this thing in the wild, I

898
01:04:41,680 --> 01:04:47,320
Speaker 1: would first pee myself and then you know, a wait, deaf.

899
01:04:48,560 --> 01:04:50,680
Speaker 1: I feel like, what else could you possibly do? This

900
01:04:50,800 --> 01:04:54,320
Speaker 1: thing is massive. We know polar both grizzlies and polar bears,

901
01:04:54,560 --> 01:04:59,680
Speaker 1: giant paws with big claws. Although we've been talking a

902
01:04:59,720 --> 01:05:01,640
Speaker 1: lot of which animals we'd want to cuddle and if

903
01:05:01,680 --> 01:05:04,400
Speaker 1: it wasn't a certain death, I'm hell out of this guy.

904
01:05:05,240 --> 01:05:09,000
Speaker 1: He's so cute. Oh my god, I love him. These

905
01:05:09,040 --> 01:05:11,120
Speaker 1: guys are just like up in the Yukon or something

906
01:05:11,360 --> 01:05:14,200
Speaker 1: like where their territories bumped, just chilling. Yeah, I mean

907
01:05:14,320 --> 01:05:18,800
Speaker 1: so like in the in the Canadian Arctic regions. So yeah,

908
01:05:18,880 --> 01:05:22,360
Speaker 1: it's like they don't typically share the same environment, but

909
01:05:22,960 --> 01:05:25,360
Speaker 1: sometimes there's a little bit of overlap. And I guess

910
01:05:25,440 --> 01:05:29,920
Speaker 1: that there was that polar bear lady who was just

911
01:05:30,040 --> 01:05:35,520
Speaker 1: super horny for grizzlies. I wonder what grizzlies to have.

912
01:05:35,640 --> 01:05:38,720
Speaker 1: The polar bears don't look they're like polar bears are

913
01:05:38,720 --> 01:05:40,400
Speaker 1: all worried about their environment. And she's like, these guys

914
01:05:40,440 --> 01:05:42,720
Speaker 1: are way stressed out. I'm gonna go down with the

915
01:05:42,760 --> 01:05:46,480
Speaker 1: grizzlies where they're just chilling. They made they made her

916
01:05:46,560 --> 01:05:49,200
Speaker 1: like a verry salad, and she'd never had it before,

917
01:05:49,240 --> 01:05:52,680
Speaker 1: and she was won over good food will do that.

918
01:05:53,840 --> 01:05:56,880
Speaker 1: Like all these dudes are cooking. I'm moving down here. Yeah,

919
01:05:57,760 --> 01:06:02,480
Speaker 1: it's a seasoned, very salad. I'm where I will be forever.

920
01:06:03,320 --> 01:06:06,400
Speaker 1: I'm also just like obsessed with that little streak at

921
01:06:06,440 --> 01:06:09,800
Speaker 1: the top. I just like like, I just it's got

922
01:06:09,880 --> 01:06:14,560
Speaker 1: a little brown crimbrulet streak at the top. It's very cute. Yeah,

923
01:06:14,720 --> 01:06:18,160
Speaker 1: Like after he runs after me and they tranquility, I

924
01:06:18,240 --> 01:06:22,640
Speaker 1: will pitch him. But after after he like rips my

925
01:06:22,800 --> 01:06:24,920
Speaker 1: face off and is wearing it as a hat, I'm

926
01:06:24,920 --> 01:06:30,880
Speaker 1: gonna be like, oh cute. My dad so he is

927
01:06:31,480 --> 01:06:34,920
Speaker 1: a ocean physics researcher and he's actually been to the

928
01:06:35,080 --> 01:06:39,280
Speaker 1: Arctic a few times because they do research on the

929
01:06:39,480 --> 01:06:43,280
Speaker 1: oceans up near the Arctic, and they actually will go

930
01:06:43,480 --> 01:06:46,240
Speaker 1: out on the ice to do research on the water.

931
01:06:46,640 --> 01:06:54,280
Speaker 1: They're underneath the ice and they will sometimes encounter polar bears.

932
01:06:54,560 --> 01:06:57,480
Speaker 1: And I think my dad has seen a polar bear

933
01:06:57,880 --> 01:07:02,440
Speaker 1: in person before, and he says it is about as

934
01:07:02,520 --> 01:07:05,680
Speaker 1: scary as you would expect, because they said it's just hard,

935
01:07:05,960 --> 01:07:08,920
Speaker 1: like photos don't really do them justice. They're just such

936
01:07:09,240 --> 01:07:12,920
Speaker 1: huge animals they are, and they're so you can just

937
01:07:13,080 --> 01:07:16,560
Speaker 1: sense how powerful they are. So I think if I

938
01:07:16,720 --> 01:07:20,240
Speaker 1: saw a polar bear and a grizzly bear in the

939
01:07:20,400 --> 01:07:23,919
Speaker 1: wild and somehow lived to tell the tale, I would

940
01:07:24,760 --> 01:07:29,400
Speaker 1: not be afraid of anything. Ever, Again, she was reasonable.

941
01:07:29,840 --> 01:07:35,960
Speaker 1: I'm trying to picture like when they're little and they're

942
01:07:36,000 --> 01:07:41,360
Speaker 1: super cute, big eyes, and if they're dyet, like I

943
01:07:41,480 --> 01:07:44,600
Speaker 1: know grizzlies eat like fish when the salmon are migrating,

944
01:07:44,840 --> 01:07:48,160
Speaker 1: but they eat like like a deer. Two right, Yeah,

945
01:07:48,240 --> 01:07:52,960
Speaker 1: they're they're quite um, are omnivorous and they will eat.

946
01:07:53,000 --> 01:07:57,120
Speaker 1: And these guys are super good swimmers. I think I

947
01:07:57,200 --> 01:07:58,800
Speaker 1: just want to I know we can't. I just want

948
01:07:58,840 --> 01:08:01,080
Speaker 1: to see all these animals in the l being there

949
01:08:01,120 --> 01:08:05,560
Speaker 1: like apex predator selves, living their best lives, like tearing

950
01:08:05,560 --> 01:08:07,560
Speaker 1: out the other animals, like how are they doing this?

951
01:08:08,240 --> 01:08:11,120
Speaker 1: Who's this new kid on the block? My god? Yeah,

952
01:08:11,200 --> 01:08:13,040
Speaker 1: I just want them to thrive and shine and not

953
01:08:13,400 --> 01:08:16,960
Speaker 1: be just our entertainment and create the ultimate bear, and

954
01:08:17,080 --> 01:08:20,879
Speaker 1: it just takes over the whole world, creates a bare society.

955
01:08:21,560 --> 01:08:28,920
Speaker 1: They're president, their president Pisle get it trending, folks, get

956
01:08:28,960 --> 01:08:33,000
Speaker 1: it trending, Like someone's going to listen to this and

957
01:08:33,120 --> 01:08:36,320
Speaker 1: start writing on a treatment or a movie that is

958
01:08:36,439 --> 01:08:41,479
Speaker 1: all about all of these hybrid animals taking over the world. Yes, yeah,

959
01:08:42,840 --> 01:08:51,240
Speaker 1: yeah do it? K Poppers stand this bear wanted him

960
01:08:51,240 --> 01:08:55,280
Speaker 1: to be in Black Pink's next videos. Yes, please see

961
01:08:55,439 --> 01:08:58,719
Speaker 1: you love them like in their like predatorial adult stage.

962
01:08:58,800 --> 01:09:00,559
Speaker 1: I just want all of them as babies and then

963
01:09:00,600 --> 01:09:04,000
Speaker 1: I'll just give them to you when they're ready to go. Yes,

964
01:09:04,120 --> 01:09:08,080
Speaker 1: a nursery full of hybrid animal ow boy, Oh my gosh,

965
01:09:08,160 --> 01:09:11,800
Speaker 1: what have I done? What? What hath I wrot? I do?

966
01:09:12,040 --> 01:09:14,400
Speaker 1: I do love this story though, because it is it

967
01:09:14,600 --> 01:09:17,439
Speaker 1: is just like a love story where it's just these

968
01:09:17,520 --> 01:09:21,200
Speaker 1: bears getting it on in nature and creating these mega bears.

969
01:09:21,800 --> 01:09:24,920
Speaker 1: I love it. I'm charmed by it. I'm sold on

970
01:09:25,040 --> 01:09:27,760
Speaker 1: the Pisley here definitely here for him. I'm sure it

971
01:09:27,920 --> 01:09:32,559
Speaker 1: has there's like negative implications about climate change and habit

972
01:09:32,720 --> 01:09:37,960
Speaker 1: has changing, blah blah blah. Oh I'm Katie. I care

973
01:09:38,000 --> 01:09:46,479
Speaker 1: about the environment and I'm always couldn't be there. Yeah,

974
01:09:46,640 --> 01:09:53,919
Speaker 1: met Pisley cubs. Pisley cubs. Yeah, but they are wonderful animals. Obviously,

975
01:09:54,000 --> 01:09:55,760
Speaker 1: if you ever tried to keep one as a pett

976
01:09:55,760 --> 01:10:00,000
Speaker 1: it would destroy you, uh, in a fashion that's probably

977
01:10:00,000 --> 01:10:04,439
Speaker 1: really well deserved, but you know, uh it's ah, but yes,

978
01:10:04,520 --> 01:10:07,559
Speaker 1: I do love them. Look at pictures of the Pisley.

979
01:10:07,760 --> 01:10:12,240
Speaker 1: Behold the Pisley, Worship the Pisley, stand the Pisley. But

980
01:10:12,560 --> 01:10:15,920
Speaker 1: that is gonna do it for us today. There are

981
01:10:16,040 --> 01:10:19,920
Speaker 1: lots of more. There are many more hybrids. One little

982
01:10:20,040 --> 01:10:24,000
Speaker 1: thing to know. If you google image cool animal hybrids,

983
01:10:24,160 --> 01:10:27,320
Speaker 1: you're gonna get a lot of photoshops. So just warning

984
01:10:27,360 --> 01:10:30,360
Speaker 1: you about that that No, there is not a shark

985
01:10:30,400 --> 01:10:38,360
Speaker 1: horse hybrid, just so you don't kill our dreams. Katie. Well,

986
01:10:38,560 --> 01:10:42,840
Speaker 1: thank you guys so much for joining me today. Of

987
01:10:42,920 --> 01:10:48,639
Speaker 1: course I was joined by Kayla and Joel and so Kaylo,

988
01:10:48,800 --> 01:10:52,840
Speaker 1: do you have anything to pluck? Um? No, I'm just

989
01:10:53,080 --> 01:10:55,479
Speaker 1: hearing my biz out on those Twitter streets, you know,

990
01:10:55,680 --> 01:10:59,960
Speaker 1: just trying to navigate and they sink, so you can't

991
01:11:00,120 --> 01:11:04,000
Speaker 1: follow me at Maria double underscore e sella and there

992
01:11:04,120 --> 01:11:10,720
Speaker 1: is psilo I s l a. Don't FORKI do that.

993
01:11:13,560 --> 01:11:15,920
Speaker 1: I don't think you have to. Uh, I don't think

994
01:11:15,960 --> 01:11:19,160
Speaker 1: you have to qualify. Like there's a knee in there,

995
01:11:19,560 --> 01:11:24,320
Speaker 1: please include it because that's how it's um. But yeah,

996
01:11:24,400 --> 01:11:27,679
Speaker 1: you can find me there. I'm just there, work as

997
01:11:27,760 --> 01:11:31,200
Speaker 1: a PR and marketing associate for Popagenda and meet you

998
01:11:31,320 --> 01:11:33,360
Speaker 1: all kinds of stuff with indie games. So if your

999
01:11:33,600 --> 01:11:39,599
Speaker 1: indie games you've been hitting up, do you want about pislies? Yes, yes,

1000
01:11:39,680 --> 01:11:41,800
Speaker 1: I'm going to pitch that to one of our developers yet.

1001
01:11:44,040 --> 01:11:47,519
Speaker 1: And thanks to our producer Joel Monique joining us on

1002
01:11:48,040 --> 01:11:53,200
Speaker 1: the hot mic. Always good to have you on on Actually, wait, Joel,

1003
01:11:53,240 --> 01:11:56,519
Speaker 1: do you want to plug your Twitter? If you're so

1004
01:11:56,680 --> 01:11:59,280
Speaker 1: inclined to follow me on Twitter, you don't have to. Don't.

1005
01:11:59,320 --> 01:12:01,280
Speaker 1: Don't worry about the If you want you do, don't

1006
01:12:01,400 --> 01:12:06,920
Speaker 1: listen to it's compulsory. You can find me at Monique

1007
01:12:06,960 --> 01:12:09,360
Speaker 1: it's j l E l l E m l N

1008
01:12:09,520 --> 01:12:11,920
Speaker 1: I q u E. And you can find us on

1009
01:12:12,000 --> 01:12:15,719
Speaker 1: the internet at Creature Feature Pod on Instagram at Creature

1010
01:12:15,800 --> 01:12:19,000
Speaker 1: feet Pod. On Twitter that's f e a T, not

1011
01:12:19,240 --> 01:12:22,320
Speaker 1: f e e T that's something very different. And of

1012
01:12:22,439 --> 01:12:25,559
Speaker 1: course you can find me Katie Golden on Twitter at

1013
01:12:25,880 --> 01:12:29,320
Speaker 1: Katie Golden. That's g O L d I N just

1014
01:12:29,479 --> 01:12:32,720
Speaker 1: my Katie thoughts. Also, I'm doing some some cartoons, some

1015
01:12:33,320 --> 01:12:38,639
Speaker 1: some hot Peanuts parodies of the the of Charles Brown

1016
01:12:38,960 --> 01:12:44,439
Speaker 1: and and snoopert his dog. Totally original concept, so check

1017
01:12:44,520 --> 01:12:49,160
Speaker 1: that out if you If you so shoots and as always,

1018
01:12:49,280 --> 01:12:52,120
Speaker 1: I am at pro bird writes on Twitter, where I

1019
01:12:52,280 --> 01:12:56,720
Speaker 1: make the argument that the bird reckoning is inevitable, so

1020
01:12:57,439 --> 01:13:04,040
Speaker 1: just accept it. Thank you too, Thanks everybody for listening.

1021
01:13:04,120 --> 01:13:10,200
Speaker 1: If you're enjoying the show, kurse splash that button which button?

1022
01:13:10,320 --> 01:13:13,840
Speaker 1: I don't know? The stars the rating to subscribe, leave

1023
01:13:13,880 --> 01:13:16,679
Speaker 1: a review if you so choose. I read every single

1024
01:13:16,840 --> 01:13:20,040
Speaker 1: review and appreciate all of them. Thank you so much,

1025
01:13:20,880 --> 01:13:25,599
Speaker 1: and thank you to the Space Cossacks for their super

1026
01:13:25,720 --> 01:13:29,400
Speaker 1: awesome song. Exo Lumina Creature features a production of I

1027
01:13:29,600 --> 01:13:32,760
Speaker 1: Heart Radio. For more podcasts like the one you just heard,

1028
01:13:33,160 --> 01:13:35,880
Speaker 1: listen to the I Heart Radio app, Apple podcast, or

1029
01:13:35,920 --> 01:13:38,880
Speaker 1: wherever you're listening to your podcasts, even if it's like

1030
01:13:39,080 --> 01:13:42,880
Speaker 1: a old gramophone or got a tin can tied to

1031
01:13:42,960 --> 01:13:46,840
Speaker 1: a string, or you're just ear ear to the wind

1032
01:13:47,160 --> 01:13:50,639
Speaker 1: and somehow you're receiving this podcast, I don't care, however

1033
01:13:50,720 --> 01:13:53,720
Speaker 1: you do it. Thanks everybody, See you next Wednesday.