1 00:00:08,119 --> 00:00:10,520 Speaker 1: Hey, Daniel, did you know we're not the first people 2 00:00:10,520 --> 00:00:13,480 Speaker 1: to join physics and cartooning? What I thought we were 3 00:00:13,520 --> 00:00:15,760 Speaker 1: definitely on the forefront there. No, you know one of 4 00:00:15,800 --> 00:00:19,880 Speaker 1: my favorite comic scripts ever is named after something awesome 5 00:00:19,960 --> 00:00:25,000 Speaker 1: in physics. Let me guess, Um, Calvin and Hobbs. No, No, 6 00:00:25,120 --> 00:00:29,560 Speaker 1: that's philosophy, Um thinking thinking Garfield? Wait? Do you think 7 00:00:29,560 --> 00:00:33,919 Speaker 1: I like Garfield? It's the same joke every time. That's true? Um? 8 00:00:34,320 --> 00:00:36,520 Speaker 1: Are you thinking just because of quantum fields? Like? Maybe 9 00:00:36,520 --> 00:00:40,599 Speaker 1: Garfield is another quantum field? Maybe peanuts. I don't know. 10 00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:42,800 Speaker 1: I have no idea how peanuts could relate to physics. 11 00:00:42,920 --> 00:00:46,120 Speaker 1: I am officially disappointed in you. All right, I give up. 12 00:01:02,200 --> 00:01:04,480 Speaker 1: Hi am Jorge. I'm a cartoonists and the creator of 13 00:01:04,640 --> 00:01:08,840 Speaker 1: PhD comics. Hi. I'm Daniel. I'm a particle physicist, and 14 00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:14,039 Speaker 1: I have no idea what cartoons relate to physics, especially ours, right, especially, 15 00:01:14,480 --> 00:01:17,600 Speaker 1: and Welcome to our podcast, Daniel and Jorge Explain the Universe, 16 00:01:17,800 --> 00:01:20,360 Speaker 1: a production of I Heart Radio in which we talk 17 00:01:20,440 --> 00:01:23,479 Speaker 1: about crazy things about the universe, things that are close by, 18 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:25,880 Speaker 1: things that are far away, things on one side, things 19 00:01:25,880 --> 00:01:27,800 Speaker 1: on the other side, and we break it down an 20 00:01:27,800 --> 00:01:30,840 Speaker 1: attempt to explain something to you that's both mind blowing 21 00:01:31,160 --> 00:01:34,680 Speaker 1: and actually understandable. That's right, all the things that are 22 00:01:34,720 --> 00:01:38,280 Speaker 1: both maybe right here and kind of far away, that's 23 00:01:38,360 --> 00:01:40,639 Speaker 1: at the same time, that's right nearby and yet hidden. 24 00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:43,800 Speaker 1: We seek to reveal those truths to you. So to 25 00:01:43,840 --> 00:01:46,440 Speaker 1: be on the podcast, we will be talking about something 26 00:01:46,560 --> 00:01:50,560 Speaker 1: that is basically in our everyday lives, right every well, 27 00:01:50,600 --> 00:01:53,920 Speaker 1: every night live, every nightlife. Yeah, my nightlife is not 28 00:01:53,960 --> 00:01:56,160 Speaker 1: that exciting anymore, but back when I used to go 29 00:01:56,200 --> 00:01:58,960 Speaker 1: at at night. Yeah, it's something that I was wanking 30 00:01:59,000 --> 00:02:02,880 Speaker 1: for Netflix back before kids. But yeah, this is the 31 00:02:02,960 --> 00:02:04,520 Speaker 1: kind of thing you know, you can look up in 32 00:02:04,560 --> 00:02:07,360 Speaker 1: the sky and easily wonder about. Yeah, it's right there 33 00:02:07,720 --> 00:02:11,000 Speaker 1: almost every night, and yet we can't see it. Nobody, 34 00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:13,560 Speaker 1: nobody really knows what it looks like. Right until recently, 35 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:15,520 Speaker 1: that's right, nobody had ever seen it, even though it 36 00:02:15,600 --> 00:02:24,040 Speaker 1: hangs right there. And so today we're talking about what's 37 00:02:24,120 --> 00:02:26,680 Speaker 1: on the far side of the moon. That's right. If 38 00:02:26,720 --> 00:02:28,600 Speaker 1: you look up in the night sky often you may 39 00:02:28,680 --> 00:02:31,799 Speaker 1: notice the moon, of course, and a sharp observer may 40 00:02:31,880 --> 00:02:35,160 Speaker 1: notice that the moon looks similar every time. The portion 41 00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:37,800 Speaker 1: of it you can see changes right, becomes a crescent, 42 00:02:37,919 --> 00:02:40,320 Speaker 1: becomes larger. But if you pay attention, you notice that 43 00:02:40,360 --> 00:02:42,560 Speaker 1: the features you see on the Moon are actually the 44 00:02:42,639 --> 00:02:46,040 Speaker 1: same every night. Yeah, it never changes, the right. That's 45 00:02:46,280 --> 00:02:49,239 Speaker 1: mind blowing to think, because the Moon is a giant 46 00:02:49,320 --> 00:02:53,440 Speaker 1: sphere and we're spear and we're you know, going around 47 00:02:53,480 --> 00:02:56,240 Speaker 1: the Sun spinning and the Moon is spinning around us, 48 00:02:56,320 --> 00:02:58,880 Speaker 1: and yet we always see the same side of the 49 00:02:58,880 --> 00:03:02,160 Speaker 1: Moon all every night. That's right, it doesn't change. One 50 00:03:02,200 --> 00:03:03,679 Speaker 1: side of the Moon is the near side, that's the 51 00:03:03,720 --> 00:03:05,440 Speaker 1: side the face of the Earth, and the other side 52 00:03:05,520 --> 00:03:09,239 Speaker 1: faces away from the Earth towards the rest of the universe. 53 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:13,480 Speaker 1: And until nineteen fifty nine, no human had even seen 54 00:03:13,520 --> 00:03:15,720 Speaker 1: a picture of it. We had no idea what could 55 00:03:15,720 --> 00:03:17,600 Speaker 1: be on it. It could have been like filled with 56 00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:21,639 Speaker 1: crazy lunar civilization, or you know, have a message written 57 00:03:21,680 --> 00:03:23,639 Speaker 1: on it, or something like I can't believe you took 58 00:03:23,639 --> 00:03:25,760 Speaker 1: you guys this long, or something. Right, it could have 59 00:03:25,760 --> 00:03:30,680 Speaker 1: been filled with Israeli tardigrade. I think you're fast forwarding 60 00:03:30,720 --> 00:03:34,639 Speaker 1: a few decades. Yeah, but yeah, I mean, there could 61 00:03:34,680 --> 00:03:36,720 Speaker 1: have been even nothing, right. It could have been just 62 00:03:36,760 --> 00:03:38,960 Speaker 1: a half sphere for all we know. We could have 63 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:41,360 Speaker 1: just been like a like a slice orange and we 64 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:43,160 Speaker 1: only see one side of it, right, Yeah, it could 65 00:03:43,160 --> 00:03:44,680 Speaker 1: have been that the moon is actually a big prop 66 00:03:44,880 --> 00:03:46,920 Speaker 1: right and always and if we come around the other 67 00:03:46,920 --> 00:03:49,840 Speaker 1: side we see like the scaffolding and all that stuff. Um, 68 00:03:49,880 --> 00:03:51,600 Speaker 1: that could have been amazing. And you know, we make 69 00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:54,800 Speaker 1: a joke even known that the moon was the sphere 70 00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:59,320 Speaker 1: and not just like a giant disc floating in space. Um. 71 00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:01,240 Speaker 1: I think could be pretty hard to get a giant 72 00:04:01,280 --> 00:04:05,120 Speaker 1: disc um in any model of moon formation. But but 73 00:04:05,240 --> 00:04:07,520 Speaker 1: you never know, right, And this is why we explore, 74 00:04:07,600 --> 00:04:10,000 Speaker 1: because you've got to see stuff to breally understand. You 75 00:04:10,040 --> 00:04:12,200 Speaker 1: can speculate, you can say we think we know what 76 00:04:12,240 --> 00:04:14,320 Speaker 1: the backside of the moon is like. Turns out when 77 00:04:14,360 --> 00:04:17,120 Speaker 1: we saw it there were some surprises and until you 78 00:04:17,279 --> 00:04:19,400 Speaker 1: really yeah, there were some surprises. The backside of the 79 00:04:19,440 --> 00:04:21,280 Speaker 1: moon is not the same as the front side of 80 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:24,360 Speaker 1: the moon, and you know, you got to go and look. 81 00:04:24,440 --> 00:04:26,600 Speaker 1: This is why we do experiments, This is why we 82 00:04:26,640 --> 00:04:29,160 Speaker 1: explore the universe because until you see it, you never 83 00:04:29,400 --> 00:04:32,440 Speaker 1: really know. And so only a handful of humans have 84 00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:35,680 Speaker 1: actually seen the other side of the moon, right, seen it? Yeah, 85 00:04:35,680 --> 00:04:37,719 Speaker 1: I mean we've had pictures, and only a handful of 86 00:04:37,760 --> 00:04:40,480 Speaker 1: humans have seen it, sort of like with their own eyes. Yes, 87 00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:43,040 Speaker 1: that's true. It takes you have to orbit the moon 88 00:04:43,400 --> 00:04:45,680 Speaker 1: in order to see that. So yeah, only a few 89 00:04:45,720 --> 00:04:47,960 Speaker 1: people have ever seen this, but you know, fewer people 90 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:53,160 Speaker 1: have ever seen my moon, not quite as prestigious. But um, yeah, 91 00:04:53,240 --> 00:04:56,800 Speaker 1: let's not get into that on this podcast. Let's say 92 00:04:56,839 --> 00:05:01,200 Speaker 1: that for Daniel and Jorge after dark. Okay, all right, 93 00:05:01,520 --> 00:05:04,719 Speaker 1: that's folks. That's the sound of Jorge carefully stepping away 94 00:05:04,760 --> 00:05:08,080 Speaker 1: backwards from that joke. No, but it's a fascinating topic, 95 00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:11,160 Speaker 1: and I was wondering did people understand that because it's 96 00:05:11,240 --> 00:05:14,360 Speaker 1: kind of odd. Is it like a giant cosmic coincidence 97 00:05:14,440 --> 00:05:16,680 Speaker 1: or is it totally normal for us to only see 98 00:05:16,680 --> 00:05:19,159 Speaker 1: one side of it? That's a that's why I'm blowing 99 00:05:19,160 --> 00:05:21,839 Speaker 1: to me. Yeah, So, um, I walked around and I 100 00:05:21,839 --> 00:05:24,640 Speaker 1: asked people, you know, what do they think about this? 101 00:05:24,800 --> 00:05:26,960 Speaker 1: Were they aware of it, did they realized did they 102 00:05:27,040 --> 00:05:29,640 Speaker 1: understand it? Could they give a physical explanation? Yeah? So, 103 00:05:29,680 --> 00:05:32,680 Speaker 1: as usual, Daniel went out there somewhere in the world. 104 00:05:32,680 --> 00:05:34,960 Speaker 1: Where were you at this time? Daniel? Were you in 105 00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:38,440 Speaker 1: California or No? I was back in California. So these 106 00:05:38,480 --> 00:05:41,600 Speaker 1: are you see Irvine summer students who answered these questions. 107 00:05:41,680 --> 00:05:44,080 Speaker 1: As usual, Daniel went out and asked random people on 108 00:05:44,120 --> 00:05:48,760 Speaker 1: the screen the question of the episode, and today's question was. 109 00:05:49,040 --> 00:05:52,080 Speaker 1: Today's question was did you know that that half of 110 00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:54,440 Speaker 1: the moon always faces away? So think about it for 111 00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:57,600 Speaker 1: a second, if you had realized this, or if you 112 00:05:57,680 --> 00:05:59,799 Speaker 1: knew this. I'm sure a lot of our reader listeners 113 00:06:00,160 --> 00:06:02,520 Speaker 1: I knew this, but maybe you hadn't thought about it 114 00:06:02,560 --> 00:06:04,360 Speaker 1: for a while. And so think about what you would 115 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:07,960 Speaker 1: answer if a random physicist approach you on the street. Yes, 116 00:06:08,240 --> 00:06:11,440 Speaker 1: do you know why that is? Um? Just I know 117 00:06:11,560 --> 00:06:14,880 Speaker 1: because I know that the Earth rotates and I know 118 00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:18,240 Speaker 1: the Moon doesn't. And there's a reason why you don't. 119 00:06:18,320 --> 00:06:20,479 Speaker 1: We only see one face in the moon and never 120 00:06:20,560 --> 00:06:22,520 Speaker 1: the other. I did not know that there is a 121 00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:24,239 Speaker 1: side of the Moon that did not face the Earth 122 00:06:25,080 --> 00:06:27,760 Speaker 1: because the first rotation as well. Yeah, I mean my 123 00:06:27,960 --> 00:06:30,279 Speaker 1: understanding is the Moon is rotating around the Earth and 124 00:06:30,320 --> 00:06:33,960 Speaker 1: the Earth rotates on its axis because it's spinning. Um. 125 00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:36,479 Speaker 1: But yeah, I didn't realize the Moon was spinning too. 126 00:06:36,480 --> 00:06:38,640 Speaker 1: I didn't think it was. I guess because both the 127 00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:42,479 Speaker 1: Moon and the Earth are rotating, and so we never 128 00:06:42,520 --> 00:06:50,279 Speaker 1: see the backside related to rotations of the stellar bodies. Yes, 129 00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:52,880 Speaker 1: well do you know why that? Is that a coincidence? 130 00:06:52,920 --> 00:06:58,160 Speaker 1: Is there a physical reason? Physics? Physics? All right, So 131 00:06:58,200 --> 00:07:00,520 Speaker 1: a lot of people didn't know, and a lot of 132 00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:03,159 Speaker 1: people didn't yees. Some people were really shocked, and as 133 00:07:03,160 --> 00:07:05,440 Speaker 1: soon as they understood that it was happening, they were like, 134 00:07:05,600 --> 00:07:11,200 Speaker 1: that's really weird. How could that be? What? Yeah, it's 135 00:07:11,200 --> 00:07:13,080 Speaker 1: almost like it's doing it on purpose, right, Like the 136 00:07:13,080 --> 00:07:15,640 Speaker 1: Moon is suspicious of us and doesn't want to turn 137 00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:18,720 Speaker 1: its back to us, you know, like it's it's hurling 138 00:07:18,760 --> 00:07:20,920 Speaker 1: through space, but it's like I don't want to I 139 00:07:20,960 --> 00:07:23,200 Speaker 1: need to be facing Earth at all time. And it's 140 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:25,800 Speaker 1: slowly backing away also, right, don't forget, we're losing it 141 00:07:25,880 --> 00:07:28,160 Speaker 1: very gradually. So the moon is sort of like edging 142 00:07:28,200 --> 00:07:30,040 Speaker 1: away from us the way you're edging away from my 143 00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:34,480 Speaker 1: inappropriate jokes. Yeah, so I guess it's not as well 144 00:07:34,520 --> 00:07:36,840 Speaker 1: known as I would have guessed it was. You know, 145 00:07:37,360 --> 00:07:39,720 Speaker 1: a lot of people seem surprised, and of the people 146 00:07:39,720 --> 00:07:42,320 Speaker 1: who did know that it happened, none of them could 147 00:07:42,360 --> 00:07:45,160 Speaker 1: give me an explanation for why, Right, nobody understood the 148 00:07:45,160 --> 00:07:48,360 Speaker 1: physics of it. People appreciated the concept, but nobody could 149 00:07:48,360 --> 00:07:50,560 Speaker 1: explain why. Well, you know, I think the question I 150 00:07:50,640 --> 00:07:53,040 Speaker 1: have is, um, what's the official name for it? I 151 00:07:53,040 --> 00:07:55,320 Speaker 1: think we've called it the far side of the moon, 152 00:07:56,200 --> 00:07:59,560 Speaker 1: the backside of the moon. Think Floyd called it the 153 00:07:59,640 --> 00:08:01,840 Speaker 1: dark side of the moon. It's called the far side 154 00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:04,040 Speaker 1: of the moon, right, And I think that's probably the 155 00:08:04,080 --> 00:08:07,560 Speaker 1: inspiration for that cartoon, right, the far side, because like, 156 00:08:07,640 --> 00:08:11,640 Speaker 1: what's going on over there, like the weird hidden side. Um, 157 00:08:11,720 --> 00:08:14,400 Speaker 1: though I'd love to ask Gary Larson about that one day. 158 00:08:14,840 --> 00:08:18,720 Speaker 1: It's not the dark side of it because oh, actually 159 00:08:18,720 --> 00:08:20,480 Speaker 1: I do know the answer to that, because I just 160 00:08:20,520 --> 00:08:23,040 Speaker 1: read a little bit of his biography. What is the answer? 161 00:08:23,120 --> 00:08:25,040 Speaker 1: The answer is he had another name for it, but 162 00:08:25,080 --> 00:08:27,880 Speaker 1: then when he sold it to a syndicate or a newspaper, 163 00:08:27,920 --> 00:08:29,520 Speaker 1: they said, hey, how are we call it the far side? 164 00:08:29,560 --> 00:08:34,360 Speaker 1: And He's like, sure, editors actually contribute something, I've never 165 00:08:34,400 --> 00:08:39,679 Speaker 1: heard of that before. That's that's the anti climatic story. 166 00:08:39,760 --> 00:08:42,440 Speaker 1: And if our editors listening to this podcast, we love 167 00:08:42,559 --> 00:08:44,880 Speaker 1: everything you suggested, by the way, that's right, and we 168 00:08:44,960 --> 00:08:48,240 Speaker 1: meant newspaper that's right. Comic editors. No, So the far 169 00:08:48,360 --> 00:08:50,280 Speaker 1: side is the back side of the moon, the side 170 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:52,720 Speaker 1: of the Moon that always faces away into the cosmos, 171 00:08:52,760 --> 00:08:55,560 Speaker 1: away from the Earth. The dark side of the Moon 172 00:08:55,760 --> 00:08:58,280 Speaker 1: is the name of a pink fluid album, right, And 173 00:08:58,440 --> 00:09:01,080 Speaker 1: it's not the same thing because is the side of 174 00:09:01,120 --> 00:09:02,839 Speaker 1: the Moon that's lit up is the side of the 175 00:09:02,840 --> 00:09:05,160 Speaker 1: Moon that faces the Sun, right, not the side of 176 00:09:05,160 --> 00:09:07,640 Speaker 1: them in the faces the Earth. So the dark side 177 00:09:07,640 --> 00:09:09,280 Speaker 1: of the moon is the side of the Moon that 178 00:09:09,320 --> 00:09:12,640 Speaker 1: faces away from the Sun. Right. So sometimes the far 179 00:09:12,800 --> 00:09:15,000 Speaker 1: side of the moon is lit up, like when the 180 00:09:15,040 --> 00:09:17,920 Speaker 1: moon is right between the Earth and the Sun, then 181 00:09:17,920 --> 00:09:20,800 Speaker 1: the far side is totally bright and the near side 182 00:09:20,840 --> 00:09:25,040 Speaker 1: is totally dark. Oh wow, I never thought about that before. Yeah, 183 00:09:25,200 --> 00:09:27,600 Speaker 1: because I guess the far side of the moon gets 184 00:09:27,640 --> 00:09:30,400 Speaker 1: lit up sometimes it does. And so like sometimes the 185 00:09:30,400 --> 00:09:33,040 Speaker 1: sun is just like blasting with energy, but there's nobody 186 00:09:33,080 --> 00:09:36,520 Speaker 1: there to look, right. It's like whatever secrets the far 187 00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:39,079 Speaker 1: side of the moon holds, you know, are being revealed 188 00:09:39,160 --> 00:09:42,400 Speaker 1: by the sun, but nobody's looking at it. So, right, 189 00:09:42,559 --> 00:09:46,599 Speaker 1: all those beautiful lunar sunsets and sunrises, nobody there to 190 00:09:46,640 --> 00:09:49,640 Speaker 1: appreciate it. Because the moon doesn't have a stable dark side, right, 191 00:09:49,640 --> 00:09:52,679 Speaker 1: it's not always the same side that's dark. The temperatures 192 00:09:52,720 --> 00:09:55,560 Speaker 1: on the moon very like crazy, right. If you're on 193 00:09:55,600 --> 00:09:58,080 Speaker 1: the bright side of the moon, it can get warmer. 194 00:09:58,120 --> 00:09:59,480 Speaker 1: If you're on the dark side of the moon, it 195 00:09:59,520 --> 00:10:03,359 Speaker 1: gets like super duper cold. And because the no atmosphere 196 00:10:03,400 --> 00:10:06,920 Speaker 1: to hold in the temperature, it basically as the boundary 197 00:10:06,960 --> 00:10:09,760 Speaker 1: between the bright side and the dark side moves across 198 00:10:09,800 --> 00:10:12,120 Speaker 1: the surface of the of the moon, the temperature just 199 00:10:12,320 --> 00:10:14,679 Speaker 1: like plummeting super quickly. So the dark side of the 200 00:10:14,720 --> 00:10:17,240 Speaker 1: moon changes all the time, but the far side of 201 00:10:17,240 --> 00:10:21,120 Speaker 1: the moon never changes. That's the weird part. It's right, 202 00:10:21,480 --> 00:10:24,480 Speaker 1: and you heard, and it's never changed, or it's it's 203 00:10:25,080 --> 00:10:26,400 Speaker 1: you know what I mean, Like, are we looking at 204 00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:29,920 Speaker 1: a different moon than humans ten thousand years ago, or 205 00:10:29,960 --> 00:10:32,600 Speaker 1: it's never changed. That's a great question. You know, in 206 00:10:33,440 --> 00:10:35,680 Speaker 1: old drawings of the moon it looks the same, but 207 00:10:35,720 --> 00:10:38,120 Speaker 1: that only goes back you know, like a thousand years 208 00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:40,559 Speaker 1: or so. But the physics that will explain it in in 209 00:10:40,600 --> 00:10:42,760 Speaker 1: a few minutes suggests that it hasn't changed in a 210 00:10:42,840 --> 00:10:46,600 Speaker 1: long long time. It shouldn't be stable, and that is 211 00:10:46,600 --> 00:10:48,640 Speaker 1: so weird. It is weird and you know, let's describe 212 00:10:48,679 --> 00:10:51,880 Speaker 1: exactly how weird that is, because in people's responses you 213 00:10:51,880 --> 00:10:54,920 Speaker 1: could hear there was some confusion about like exactly what's 214 00:10:54,960 --> 00:10:57,400 Speaker 1: doing the spinning and what could be affecting it. So 215 00:10:57,720 --> 00:10:59,720 Speaker 1: let's go through that in some detail and explain what's 216 00:10:59,720 --> 00:11:03,120 Speaker 1: happened before we explain why. Because the Earth is spinning around, 217 00:11:03,880 --> 00:11:06,880 Speaker 1: brispinning around, and the Moon is spinning around us at 218 00:11:06,880 --> 00:11:09,440 Speaker 1: a different rate, right, And the only things you really 219 00:11:09,440 --> 00:11:11,400 Speaker 1: need to think about. You don't need to think about 220 00:11:11,400 --> 00:11:13,360 Speaker 1: the fact of the Earth spins, that doesn't matter, or 221 00:11:13,480 --> 00:11:15,880 Speaker 1: the Earth is orbiting the Sun. The only two things 222 00:11:15,880 --> 00:11:18,600 Speaker 1: you need to think about are the Moon moving around 223 00:11:18,600 --> 00:11:20,880 Speaker 1: the Earth. Right. The Moon is in orbit around the Earth. 224 00:11:21,160 --> 00:11:23,959 Speaker 1: It goes around the Earth, and the Moon is spinning. 225 00:11:24,120 --> 00:11:26,640 Speaker 1: It's kind of like we are spinning around the Sun 226 00:11:27,040 --> 00:11:29,600 Speaker 1: once every year, but we're also spinning in place kind 227 00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:31,680 Speaker 1: of that's right, once exactly, and a different part of 228 00:11:31,720 --> 00:11:35,640 Speaker 1: the Earth faces the Sun literally every day. Right. It's 229 00:11:35,679 --> 00:11:37,600 Speaker 1: the Earth doesn't have a near side and the far 230 00:11:37,679 --> 00:11:41,920 Speaker 1: side to the Sun. Right. So, and that's because we orbit, 231 00:11:42,440 --> 00:11:44,840 Speaker 1: it takes us a whole year to go around, right, 232 00:11:44,960 --> 00:11:48,000 Speaker 1: it only takes us a day to spin right, but 233 00:11:48,080 --> 00:11:51,400 Speaker 1: in the case of the Moon, it spins it exactly 234 00:11:51,440 --> 00:11:54,079 Speaker 1: the right speed, so that the same side of the 235 00:11:54,240 --> 00:11:57,120 Speaker 1: of the moon is always facing the Earth. Those two numbers, 236 00:11:57,400 --> 00:11:59,880 Speaker 1: how long it takes to go around the Earth and 237 00:12:00,520 --> 00:12:04,920 Speaker 1: how fast it spins around are perfectly sincd up, so 238 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:07,240 Speaker 1: that the same side of the Moon is always facing 239 00:12:07,280 --> 00:12:10,600 Speaker 1: the Earth. Oh and not just sinked up, but they 240 00:12:10,600 --> 00:12:14,480 Speaker 1: had to be syncd up going the opposite way, right. Yeah, 241 00:12:14,480 --> 00:12:17,640 Speaker 1: if the Moon is going around the Earth clockwise, then 242 00:12:17,679 --> 00:12:20,560 Speaker 1: the moon has to be going around spinning in place 243 00:12:20,800 --> 00:12:25,360 Speaker 1: counterclockwise at exactly the same number of times per per 244 00:12:25,440 --> 00:12:27,920 Speaker 1: day or per night. Um, let me just check that 245 00:12:28,080 --> 00:12:30,160 Speaker 1: my mental model here, it's hard to figure out. So 246 00:12:30,200 --> 00:12:33,280 Speaker 1: if it's moving around clockwise, imagine the nearest you have, 247 00:12:33,320 --> 00:12:36,560 Speaker 1: the near side, started twelve o'clock right, and the near 248 00:12:36,640 --> 00:12:38,400 Speaker 1: side of the moon is of course facing the Earth. 249 00:12:38,679 --> 00:12:40,839 Speaker 1: If the moon didn't rotate, then by the time you've 250 00:12:40,840 --> 00:12:43,800 Speaker 1: got to six o'clock, then the what we call the 251 00:12:43,840 --> 00:12:45,600 Speaker 1: far side of the moon would be facing their Earth. 252 00:12:46,040 --> 00:12:48,679 Speaker 1: So in order for that not to happen, it also 253 00:12:48,720 --> 00:12:51,720 Speaker 1: has to rotate actually clockwise right, So it moves around 254 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:55,160 Speaker 1: the Earth clockwise and it rotates clockwise so that it's 255 00:12:55,440 --> 00:12:58,720 Speaker 1: the same side as always facing the Earth. Right. Yeah, 256 00:12:58,720 --> 00:13:02,760 Speaker 1: it's tricky. Yeah, yes, sorry, I got that totally. It's 257 00:13:02,800 --> 00:13:05,720 Speaker 1: hard to hard to keep chaco. Hey, editor, can you please, 258 00:13:07,200 --> 00:13:09,880 Speaker 1: can you make Jorge never say anything wrong? Yeah? Can 259 00:13:09,920 --> 00:13:11,920 Speaker 1: you make me sound a little bit more intelligent? There? 260 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:14,800 Speaker 1: Thank you? Yeah, there you go. Um, oh, you're right, 261 00:13:14,840 --> 00:13:17,680 Speaker 1: you're right. It has to um kind of like spin. 262 00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:21,040 Speaker 1: Oh wow. Yes, it has to spend the same direction 263 00:13:21,160 --> 00:13:22,920 Speaker 1: at the same rate, exactly, has to spend the same 264 00:13:22,920 --> 00:13:25,440 Speaker 1: direction at exactly the same rate. And you know, anytime 265 00:13:25,480 --> 00:13:28,360 Speaker 1: you see a coincidence in physics, like these two numbers, 266 00:13:28,559 --> 00:13:31,920 Speaker 1: which could be different, happen to be exactly the same thing, 267 00:13:32,320 --> 00:13:34,920 Speaker 1: you got to look for a physical reason because either 268 00:13:34,960 --> 00:13:37,960 Speaker 1: it's a ginormous coincidence, or it's a signal from the 269 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:40,719 Speaker 1: folks who invented the simulation that is our universe, or 270 00:13:40,920 --> 00:13:44,360 Speaker 1: there's a physical reason that it has to be that way, right, right, 271 00:13:44,440 --> 00:13:47,880 Speaker 1: because it's it's it's I feel like it's rare, right, 272 00:13:47,920 --> 00:13:50,880 Speaker 1: Like the Earth doesn't do that around the Sun, and 273 00:13:50,920 --> 00:13:53,280 Speaker 1: none of the other planets do that around the sun, right, 274 00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:56,559 Speaker 1: Like they not just spin at different speeds, but they 275 00:13:56,640 --> 00:14:00,079 Speaker 1: spin in like different axes and different directions, and so 276 00:14:00,160 --> 00:14:03,160 Speaker 1: it's it's like, just because you're going around in a 277 00:14:03,280 --> 00:14:05,040 Speaker 1: larger object, doesn't mean that you're going to have this 278 00:14:05,120 --> 00:14:08,640 Speaker 1: perfectly sincd orbit. Right. Um, yeah, you're right. None of 279 00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:11,280 Speaker 1: the planets in our Solar system have this same feature, 280 00:14:11,440 --> 00:14:13,559 Speaker 1: though there are some other moons. Some of the moons 281 00:14:13,600 --> 00:14:16,840 Speaker 1: of Jupiter do the same thing to Jupiter, right, So, 282 00:14:17,520 --> 00:14:19,320 Speaker 1: and that's a clue, right, because if you have a 283 00:14:19,400 --> 00:14:22,680 Speaker 1: one coincidence, that's crazy. If you have the same coincidence 284 00:14:22,720 --> 00:14:25,240 Speaker 1: several times, then you know that's a sign that there's 285 00:14:25,240 --> 00:14:27,680 Speaker 1: some physics happening. I think you're telling me that it's 286 00:14:27,720 --> 00:14:31,680 Speaker 1: all due to this very interesting physical effect, right, Like 287 00:14:31,840 --> 00:14:35,480 Speaker 1: there's a physics of why this happens. There's definitely some physics. Yeah, yeah, 288 00:14:35,560 --> 00:14:37,520 Speaker 1: so let's get into it. But first let's take a 289 00:14:37,600 --> 00:14:53,440 Speaker 1: quick break. All right. We're talking about why the moon 290 00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:58,440 Speaker 1: always looks the same every night all the time, Like 291 00:14:58,560 --> 00:15:00,720 Speaker 1: it's it's out there spinning around on the Earth, and 292 00:15:00,720 --> 00:15:03,560 Speaker 1: it's spinning around it's its own axis, but it always 293 00:15:03,640 --> 00:15:07,480 Speaker 1: seems to face the Earth the same way, and so 294 00:15:07,560 --> 00:15:11,680 Speaker 1: that's weird. Right. Yeah, it's due to an effect called 295 00:15:11,840 --> 00:15:14,440 Speaker 1: tidal locking, which is connected to something we've talked about 296 00:15:14,440 --> 00:15:18,120 Speaker 1: several other times called tidal forces. And it's pretty simple, right, 297 00:15:18,320 --> 00:15:20,440 Speaker 1: like the like the tides of the ocean, Just like 298 00:15:20,480 --> 00:15:23,040 Speaker 1: the tides of the ocean. Right, it's the same effect, um. 299 00:15:23,120 --> 00:15:26,120 Speaker 1: And the idea is the gravity will pull more strongly 300 00:15:26,200 --> 00:15:29,400 Speaker 1: on stuff that's nearby than stuff that's far away. Right. 301 00:15:29,520 --> 00:15:32,720 Speaker 1: That makes perfect sense. We're familiar with that, but we're 302 00:15:32,800 --> 00:15:35,040 Speaker 1: used to thinking about objects sort of as points. Like 303 00:15:35,080 --> 00:15:37,080 Speaker 1: the Earth goes around the Sun, we just think about 304 00:15:37,080 --> 00:15:39,360 Speaker 1: the whole the force on the whole Earth, right, Or 305 00:15:39,400 --> 00:15:41,160 Speaker 1: the Moon goes around the Earth, we think about the 306 00:15:41,200 --> 00:15:43,200 Speaker 1: force on the whole moon. But the moon is kind 307 00:15:43,200 --> 00:15:45,880 Speaker 1: of big, right, which means that the force on the 308 00:15:45,920 --> 00:15:48,760 Speaker 1: close side of the Moon is stronger than the force 309 00:15:48,800 --> 00:15:51,680 Speaker 1: on the far side of the moon. Right, the Earth 310 00:15:51,760 --> 00:15:55,280 Speaker 1: is pulling the parts of the Moon that are closest 311 00:15:55,440 --> 00:15:57,760 Speaker 1: to it more than it's pulling the stuff that's in 312 00:15:57,800 --> 00:16:00,600 Speaker 1: the behind it, exactly. And those are called tide forces. 313 00:16:01,120 --> 00:16:03,160 Speaker 1: And if tidal forces are strong enough, like if you're 314 00:16:03,520 --> 00:16:06,400 Speaker 1: near a black hole, then the difference in the force 315 00:16:06,440 --> 00:16:08,400 Speaker 1: on one side of the object and the other can 316 00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:11,320 Speaker 1: be enough to tear it apart. Right, And you might 317 00:16:11,320 --> 00:16:13,800 Speaker 1: be thinking tear it apart. What if you're pulling on 318 00:16:13,840 --> 00:16:15,680 Speaker 1: something with two different forces in the back on the 319 00:16:15,680 --> 00:16:18,320 Speaker 1: front side, that's the same thing as pulling it apart. 320 00:16:18,360 --> 00:16:20,640 Speaker 1: That's the same thing as applying a force from one 321 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:23,200 Speaker 1: side to the other. And so for example, if you 322 00:16:23,240 --> 00:16:25,480 Speaker 1: get too close to a black hole, you will literally 323 00:16:25,520 --> 00:16:28,760 Speaker 1: get shredded into bits. And you know, we've seen this before, 324 00:16:28,880 --> 00:16:31,600 Speaker 1: like Shoemaker Levy was a comet that came too close 325 00:16:31,640 --> 00:16:35,040 Speaker 1: to Jupiter and Jupiter pulled it apart into twenty six pieces. 326 00:16:35,360 --> 00:16:37,600 Speaker 1: It still went around the Sun and slammed into Jupiter, 327 00:16:37,680 --> 00:16:40,720 Speaker 1: so it got its revenge. But tidal forces are a thing. 328 00:16:41,080 --> 00:16:43,960 Speaker 1: Anytime you have an object that's large compared to the 329 00:16:43,960 --> 00:16:46,440 Speaker 1: force of gravity, then it's gonna have a big difference 330 00:16:46,440 --> 00:16:48,680 Speaker 1: in the gravity on one side and the other. And 331 00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:51,240 Speaker 1: that's the same way the Moon makes tides on Earth, right, 332 00:16:51,240 --> 00:16:54,640 Speaker 1: it pulls the water closer to it to make the tides. 333 00:16:55,040 --> 00:16:57,120 Speaker 1: But it's not just what big objects in space, it's 334 00:16:57,160 --> 00:17:00,920 Speaker 1: it's it's like happening all the time to every one everywhere, right, 335 00:17:01,120 --> 00:17:03,520 Speaker 1: that's right, Yeah, Like if I stand up, If I 336 00:17:03,640 --> 00:17:07,159 Speaker 1: stand up right here in my studio, my feet are 337 00:17:07,280 --> 00:17:10,359 Speaker 1: getting pulled by the Earth more than the top of 338 00:17:10,400 --> 00:17:13,640 Speaker 1: my head. That's right, the Earth is literally pulling you apart. Now, 339 00:17:13,680 --> 00:17:17,560 Speaker 1: your body is strong enough to withstand that fairly small 340 00:17:17,640 --> 00:17:19,480 Speaker 1: difference between the force and your head and the force 341 00:17:19,560 --> 00:17:21,399 Speaker 1: and your feet. But yes, the Earth is trying to 342 00:17:21,440 --> 00:17:23,640 Speaker 1: pull you apart, unless you're lying down flat, in which 343 00:17:23,640 --> 00:17:25,560 Speaker 1: case the Earth is pulling out every part of you 344 00:17:25,680 --> 00:17:28,680 Speaker 1: the same way. And if you're really tall, you know, 345 00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:31,720 Speaker 1: then um, then the Earth might pull you, pull you 346 00:17:31,800 --> 00:17:34,960 Speaker 1: to bits. But it mostly happens to large objects where 347 00:17:34,960 --> 00:17:37,680 Speaker 1: the distance between one side and the other side is large, 348 00:17:37,920 --> 00:17:41,560 Speaker 1: so that the magnitude of the force of gravity is 349 00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:44,439 Speaker 1: large between the between the two and that's when you 350 00:17:44,840 --> 00:17:48,439 Speaker 1: difference is larger exactly, So the difference is larger and 351 00:17:48,480 --> 00:17:50,800 Speaker 1: the and the Moon is big enough that the Earth's 352 00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:54,680 Speaker 1: gravity pulls one part of it harder than the back 353 00:17:54,720 --> 00:17:57,320 Speaker 1: side of it, and it actually changes the shape of 354 00:17:57,359 --> 00:17:59,000 Speaker 1: the Moon a little bit. So the moon is not 355 00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:02,000 Speaker 1: a sphere. It's like and it's like an obloid object, 356 00:18:02,119 --> 00:18:05,760 Speaker 1: like a three D ellipse. The moon is not perfectly spherical, 357 00:18:05,800 --> 00:18:08,760 Speaker 1: it's not perfectly spherical because it's getting squeezed by the Earth. 358 00:18:09,280 --> 00:18:11,840 Speaker 1: And if these tidal forces were stronger, then the Earth 359 00:18:11,880 --> 00:18:14,600 Speaker 1: and the Moon get pulled apart. Right, That's what happens 360 00:18:14,600 --> 00:18:17,040 Speaker 1: when a moon gets too close to a planet, for example, 361 00:18:17,280 --> 00:18:20,080 Speaker 1: it can get pulled into pieces and that's and turned 362 00:18:20,119 --> 00:18:23,160 Speaker 1: into rings. Right. And so the Moon is in this 363 00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:25,439 Speaker 1: place where it's close enough to the Earth to be 364 00:18:25,480 --> 00:18:28,640 Speaker 1: an orbit, close enough to have these strong tidal forces, 365 00:18:28,760 --> 00:18:31,680 Speaker 1: but not so close that the Earth pulls it apart. Interesting, 366 00:18:31,800 --> 00:18:34,440 Speaker 1: and so Earth kind of squishes the Moon out of 367 00:18:34,520 --> 00:18:37,400 Speaker 1: out of us perfectly spherical shape. But but then how 368 00:18:37,400 --> 00:18:40,480 Speaker 1: does that relate to why we only see one side 369 00:18:40,480 --> 00:18:42,560 Speaker 1: of it? Well, because then it gets stuck. Right, So 370 00:18:42,600 --> 00:18:44,960 Speaker 1: now the moon is not a sphere, it's an ellipse. 371 00:18:45,480 --> 00:18:47,960 Speaker 1: And the half that's closer to the Earth is even 372 00:18:48,040 --> 00:18:50,800 Speaker 1: closer than it was back when it was a sphere. Right, 373 00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:53,280 Speaker 1: It's like it's fallen down a little bit, and so 374 00:18:53,320 --> 00:18:56,480 Speaker 1: that part gets heavier, right, has a stronger force of gravity. 375 00:18:56,800 --> 00:18:59,800 Speaker 1: And on the back side it's an ellipse also, and 376 00:19:00,119 --> 00:19:03,160 Speaker 1: part it gets even lighter. So now the near side 377 00:19:03,160 --> 00:19:05,439 Speaker 1: of the Moon weighs more than the back side of 378 00:19:05,440 --> 00:19:08,119 Speaker 1: the moon, meaning it's a stronger force of gravity. So 379 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:10,080 Speaker 1: now it's sort of stuck. Right, It's like a ball 380 00:19:10,119 --> 00:19:13,520 Speaker 1: in a hole. Um, the close side of them can't 381 00:19:13,920 --> 00:19:17,280 Speaker 1: can't spin away, right, because if it spins, then the 382 00:19:17,320 --> 00:19:21,119 Speaker 1: fat part gets pulled back towards the Earth. You know. 383 00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:23,800 Speaker 1: Imagine you have like a bicycle wheel, right, and you're 384 00:19:23,800 --> 00:19:26,240 Speaker 1: holding it, and it spins freely, and it's happy to 385 00:19:26,240 --> 00:19:29,480 Speaker 1: be in any arrangement, right. It spins because every arrangement 386 00:19:29,520 --> 00:19:31,800 Speaker 1: is the same if it's a perfect circle. But now 387 00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:34,960 Speaker 1: put something heavy on one spot of the bicycle wheel, 388 00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:37,720 Speaker 1: what's gonna happen. It's going to prefer for that part 389 00:19:37,760 --> 00:19:39,960 Speaker 1: to be down right, and if you push it away 390 00:19:39,960 --> 00:19:41,879 Speaker 1: a little bit, it's gonna spin back so that the 391 00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:44,560 Speaker 1: heavy part is down That's what happened to the moon. 392 00:19:44,680 --> 00:19:47,159 Speaker 1: The near side of the moon is heavier than the 393 00:19:47,160 --> 00:19:49,800 Speaker 1: far side because it's closer to the Earth and sort 394 00:19:49,800 --> 00:19:52,040 Speaker 1: of it's sort of stuck in that way, and that's 395 00:19:52,080 --> 00:19:54,040 Speaker 1: the reason. That's the reason why we only see the 396 00:19:54,160 --> 00:19:56,160 Speaker 1: one side of the moon. That's the reason it's called 397 00:19:56,200 --> 00:19:59,280 Speaker 1: tidal locking. Right, Tidal forces change the shape of it 398 00:19:59,320 --> 00:20:01,480 Speaker 1: a little bit and then that shape makes it more 399 00:20:01,520 --> 00:20:05,320 Speaker 1: conducive to always face the heavier side towards the planet. 400 00:20:05,760 --> 00:20:07,560 Speaker 1: And so it happened to the Moon, and it's happened 401 00:20:07,560 --> 00:20:10,760 Speaker 1: to several moons of Jupiter, and it's not that uncommon thing. 402 00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:12,960 Speaker 1: So it's not a coincidence at all, Right, it's a 403 00:20:13,160 --> 00:20:17,960 Speaker 1: it's physics, So blame the tides. The tidal forces of 404 00:20:17,960 --> 00:20:20,840 Speaker 1: the Moon caused tides on Earth, but the tidal forces 405 00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:23,320 Speaker 1: of the Earth caused the Moon to always have a 406 00:20:23,359 --> 00:20:26,159 Speaker 1: near side. But wait, I'm a little bit confused. In 407 00:20:26,280 --> 00:20:30,439 Speaker 1: order for the Earth to deform the moon, doesn't the 408 00:20:30,480 --> 00:20:33,320 Speaker 1: Moon need to be stationary, do you know what I mean? Like, 409 00:20:33,320 --> 00:20:36,520 Speaker 1: if the Moon was spinning, then this tidal force would 410 00:20:36,560 --> 00:20:39,240 Speaker 1: even out across all sides, right, kind of like the 411 00:20:39,320 --> 00:20:42,320 Speaker 1: Earth is a little bit fat around the middle because 412 00:20:42,520 --> 00:20:46,000 Speaker 1: we're spinning and part of it gets more attracted to 413 00:20:46,040 --> 00:20:48,320 Speaker 1: the Sun sometimes. Yeah, if that's a good point, I 414 00:20:48,359 --> 00:20:50,320 Speaker 1: think if the Moon was spinning fast enough, it might 415 00:20:50,359 --> 00:20:53,800 Speaker 1: have been able to avoid this, right, because it could 416 00:20:54,240 --> 00:20:56,280 Speaker 1: it could sort of spin out of that little well 417 00:20:56,359 --> 00:20:58,399 Speaker 1: that it gets stuck in and have another part of 418 00:20:58,400 --> 00:21:01,240 Speaker 1: it stretched, So the stretching would be even doubt um. 419 00:21:01,280 --> 00:21:03,359 Speaker 1: But I guess that just means that in the early days, 420 00:21:03,400 --> 00:21:06,399 Speaker 1: the Moon was not spinning fast enough to avoid this. Remember, 421 00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:10,200 Speaker 1: the Moon formed out of debris, right, The Moon was 422 00:21:10,280 --> 00:21:11,879 Speaker 1: just a big cluster of debris. It's not like the 423 00:21:11,920 --> 00:21:14,479 Speaker 1: Moon was a perfect sphere that was spinning and then 424 00:21:14,520 --> 00:21:18,240 Speaker 1: just sort of placed on Earth. It was formed in place, right, 425 00:21:18,440 --> 00:21:20,800 Speaker 1: and the Earth had a role in in that formation. 426 00:21:21,160 --> 00:21:24,960 Speaker 1: Oh and when it formed, it formed in this weird, 427 00:21:25,040 --> 00:21:28,920 Speaker 1: deformed shape which locked it into always facing the right 428 00:21:29,119 --> 00:21:31,600 Speaker 1: the same way. Yea, So it probably was never a sphere, right, 429 00:21:31,600 --> 00:21:33,840 Speaker 1: It's not like back in its early days and its youth, 430 00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:37,359 Speaker 1: it remembers being having a perfect body and then the 431 00:21:37,359 --> 00:21:40,560 Speaker 1: Earth ruined it. And then and then it looked up 432 00:21:40,560 --> 00:21:45,000 Speaker 1: with the Earth and exactly, Oh, I see the Moon 433 00:21:45,119 --> 00:21:48,760 Speaker 1: formed into the right blob, into that blob. Right. And 434 00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:51,760 Speaker 1: but that also means that all of the debris that 435 00:21:51,840 --> 00:21:54,920 Speaker 1: formed the Moon didn't have a lot of spin to it, right, 436 00:21:55,000 --> 00:21:59,000 Speaker 1: Like maybe it was sort of basically kind of static 437 00:21:59,359 --> 00:22:01,119 Speaker 1: when it formed, because it would you know, you know, 438 00:22:01,119 --> 00:22:02,760 Speaker 1: I mean like if it formed out of the debris 439 00:22:02,840 --> 00:22:06,800 Speaker 1: that's moving, flowing, polling around, it would eventually coalesced into 440 00:22:06,800 --> 00:22:11,240 Speaker 1: a spinning ball, right. Yeah, basically everything has some angular momentum, right, 441 00:22:11,280 --> 00:22:14,560 Speaker 1: because it didn't have no anglar momentum, would mean for 442 00:22:14,680 --> 00:22:17,040 Speaker 1: everything that magically cancel out. So if you just took 443 00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:19,920 Speaker 1: all that debris, And for those of you who aren't 444 00:22:19,960 --> 00:22:21,840 Speaker 1: familiar with how the Moon is formed, we did a 445 00:22:21,840 --> 00:22:25,080 Speaker 1: whole podcast episode about how the Moon probably came from 446 00:22:25,080 --> 00:22:28,480 Speaker 1: something the collision of a small planetoid with an early Earth, 447 00:22:28,520 --> 00:22:30,680 Speaker 1: and a huge amount of debris was thrown out into 448 00:22:30,720 --> 00:22:33,879 Speaker 1: space and and some of that stuff coalesced into rings 449 00:22:33,920 --> 00:22:37,359 Speaker 1: and then eventually into the Moon, and so it's you 450 00:22:37,400 --> 00:22:39,679 Speaker 1: know there, We don't have a lot of information about 451 00:22:39,680 --> 00:22:43,200 Speaker 1: exactly what that collision looked like, but the amount of rotation, 452 00:22:43,280 --> 00:22:45,600 Speaker 1: amount of spin in that debris depends a lot on 453 00:22:45,640 --> 00:22:49,679 Speaker 1: like how that first planetoid hit the proto Earth, how 454 00:22:49,800 --> 00:22:51,920 Speaker 1: much spin there was. There must not have been a 455 00:22:51,960 --> 00:22:53,479 Speaker 1: lot of spin, because if there had been a lot 456 00:22:53,480 --> 00:22:56,120 Speaker 1: of spin, then it would you know, the Moon would 457 00:22:56,119 --> 00:22:58,640 Speaker 1: have started out spinning and maybe this title force would 458 00:22:58,720 --> 00:23:01,520 Speaker 1: not have deformed it into the right block. Spinning past 459 00:23:01,600 --> 00:23:04,800 Speaker 1: is a good defense against getting stretched out by title forces. Yeah, 460 00:23:06,520 --> 00:23:08,600 Speaker 1: it's a good good way to keep your ship keeping shape. 461 00:23:08,720 --> 00:23:11,959 Speaker 1: That's right. I recommend spin classes to the moon. There 462 00:23:12,119 --> 00:23:16,159 Speaker 1: you go. Cool. So that title forces is the reason 463 00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:18,440 Speaker 1: that we always see the same side of the moon. 464 00:23:18,560 --> 00:23:21,800 Speaker 1: Physics explains it in the end, one more mystery dismantled 465 00:23:21,800 --> 00:23:24,800 Speaker 1: by physics. Once more, the magic is gone, thanks to you, 466 00:23:25,560 --> 00:23:28,360 Speaker 1: Moon magic for thousands of years. All right, now let's 467 00:23:28,400 --> 00:23:31,960 Speaker 1: get into what is on that far side of the moon? 468 00:23:32,480 --> 00:23:36,160 Speaker 1: Are there? Aliens? Are there? Nothing? Are there? Is there 469 00:23:36,200 --> 00:23:39,880 Speaker 1: a secret message to you? That's right. But first let's 470 00:23:39,920 --> 00:23:54,679 Speaker 1: take a quick break. All right, we're talking about the 471 00:23:54,680 --> 00:23:57,520 Speaker 1: Moon and why it always looks the same every night. 472 00:23:57,760 --> 00:24:00,000 Speaker 1: It doesn't seem to be spinning the Moon, even though 473 00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:04,800 Speaker 1: it's a giant spherical object. And so we figured out 474 00:24:04,840 --> 00:24:07,000 Speaker 1: we talked about that it's due to tidal locking. So 475 00:24:07,040 --> 00:24:11,080 Speaker 1: it formed in such a way that it's always spinning 476 00:24:11,080 --> 00:24:14,000 Speaker 1: at the right rate that we always see it the 477 00:24:14,040 --> 00:24:16,680 Speaker 1: same way. That's right. The near side of the Moon 478 00:24:16,720 --> 00:24:19,040 Speaker 1: has basically become heavier because it's turned into a little 479 00:24:19,040 --> 00:24:21,600 Speaker 1: bit of an ellipse, and that makes it prefer to 480 00:24:21,720 --> 00:24:23,840 Speaker 1: keep that side to the Earth. I imagine that that 481 00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:26,120 Speaker 1: wasn't always the case. You know, when the first can 482 00:24:26,119 --> 00:24:29,000 Speaker 1: you imagine being on the Earth. When the Moon formed, like, 483 00:24:29,760 --> 00:24:31,399 Speaker 1: you know, I think that'd be pretty hot and nasty, 484 00:24:31,640 --> 00:24:33,879 Speaker 1: given that it formed at a huge collision in the 485 00:24:33,880 --> 00:24:37,720 Speaker 1: Earth is basically a ball of lava. Yeah, that'd be 486 00:24:37,760 --> 00:24:43,080 Speaker 1: a short trip. Okay, not so romantic, no, no, no, hot, nasty, 487 00:24:43,119 --> 00:24:45,080 Speaker 1: but not in a good way. Alright. So, due to 488 00:24:45,080 --> 00:24:49,040 Speaker 1: this tidal force, the Moon when it formed, forms such 489 00:24:49,040 --> 00:24:51,919 Speaker 1: a way that it basically got locked into always facing 490 00:24:51,920 --> 00:24:55,000 Speaker 1: the Earth the same side, that's right, which means that 491 00:24:55,040 --> 00:24:57,920 Speaker 1: there's a side of the Moon that we cannot see 492 00:24:57,960 --> 00:25:02,240 Speaker 1: from the Earth, and people didn't see until nine when 493 00:25:02,240 --> 00:25:04,919 Speaker 1: the Soviets finally sent something up there to take a 494 00:25:04,960 --> 00:25:08,320 Speaker 1: picture of it. Really was the Soviets who first saw it. Yeah, 495 00:25:08,320 --> 00:25:10,400 Speaker 1: I remember back in the day, the Soviets were leading 496 00:25:10,440 --> 00:25:12,480 Speaker 1: us in the space race, right in the fifties and 497 00:25:12,480 --> 00:25:15,720 Speaker 1: the early sixties, spot Nick and all that stuff. Um, 498 00:25:15,880 --> 00:25:18,399 Speaker 1: they were ahead. And actually it's pretty funny because the 499 00:25:18,440 --> 00:25:20,480 Speaker 1: Soviets were there first, right, they have the first ones 500 00:25:20,520 --> 00:25:22,960 Speaker 1: to see this stuff, and so the Soviet scientists they 501 00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:26,560 Speaker 1: just started naming things in Russian right and bold. This 502 00:25:26,640 --> 00:25:29,960 Speaker 1: annoyed the Americans, not only because they didn't get to 503 00:25:29,960 --> 00:25:32,000 Speaker 1: see it first, and they didn't get take the first pictures. 504 00:25:32,040 --> 00:25:33,600 Speaker 1: But now everything on the back side of the Moon 505 00:25:33,720 --> 00:25:36,960 Speaker 1: is like has some crazy Russian name. Wow is that true? Yeah? 506 00:25:37,119 --> 00:25:41,320 Speaker 1: Totally You think I just make this stuff up? Maybe, 507 00:25:43,760 --> 00:25:46,320 Speaker 1: uh no, this is totally true. Well, um, so they 508 00:25:46,440 --> 00:25:48,639 Speaker 1: they what did they send like a satellite and it 509 00:25:48,680 --> 00:25:50,920 Speaker 1: took pictures as it went around the back side of 510 00:25:50,960 --> 00:25:53,080 Speaker 1: the moon exactly. Yeah. And back then, you know, we 511 00:25:53,119 --> 00:25:56,200 Speaker 1: didn't have digital photographs and all this kind of stuff. 512 00:25:56,240 --> 00:25:58,360 Speaker 1: So they they had like the pictures first, and they 513 00:25:58,359 --> 00:26:02,280 Speaker 1: started naming the craters and the features exactly. So everything 514 00:26:02,280 --> 00:26:05,040 Speaker 1: on the backside is named in Russian. It started out 515 00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:08,520 Speaker 1: that way, but then the Americans got the International Astronomical 516 00:26:08,600 --> 00:26:11,440 Speaker 1: Union to intervene, and then they decided to do a 517 00:26:11,480 --> 00:26:15,359 Speaker 1: sort of international process, which is you know, um, what 518 00:26:15,440 --> 00:26:17,399 Speaker 1: do you mean intervened, Like they were in the middle 519 00:26:17,440 --> 00:26:21,359 Speaker 1: of naming things and then they're like whoa, whoa stop stop, yeah, 520 00:26:21,440 --> 00:26:25,160 Speaker 1: exactly exactly. Anyway, it turns out that the back side 521 00:26:25,160 --> 00:26:27,400 Speaker 1: of the Moon is not just like the near side 522 00:26:27,440 --> 00:26:30,800 Speaker 1: of the moon, right, it's not exactly this different. How 523 00:26:30,840 --> 00:26:33,520 Speaker 1: can it be different? Yeah, it's still sort of a mystery. 524 00:26:33,560 --> 00:26:36,720 Speaker 1: We don't actually still understand it. Now, it's not dramatically different. 525 00:26:36,760 --> 00:26:38,959 Speaker 1: I mean, in the end, it's still just rocks and dust, right, 526 00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:42,119 Speaker 1: it's not like there's a glittering ocean there or some 527 00:26:42,200 --> 00:26:46,000 Speaker 1: civilization or like crazy mountains or anything like that. No, 528 00:26:46,160 --> 00:26:48,480 Speaker 1: it turns out that there are more craters. And you know, 529 00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:49,960 Speaker 1: if you look at the Moon from the Earth, you 530 00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:52,120 Speaker 1: see these sort of pop marks and these also see 531 00:26:52,119 --> 00:26:55,000 Speaker 1: these open areas that we call seas, even though there's 532 00:26:55,000 --> 00:26:57,240 Speaker 1: no water in them. And the backside of the Moon 533 00:26:57,560 --> 00:26:59,920 Speaker 1: has more of these craters and fewer of the sea, 534 00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:03,800 Speaker 1: so it has a different complexion. Yeah, exactly, it has 535 00:27:03,840 --> 00:27:06,240 Speaker 1: more acne. And you might be tended to think, oh, 536 00:27:06,320 --> 00:27:09,000 Speaker 1: that's because you know it's facing out and so it's 537 00:27:09,040 --> 00:27:12,240 Speaker 1: going to get hit, right, but like a shield. Yeah, 538 00:27:12,280 --> 00:27:14,879 Speaker 1: but the Earth is not actually a very large in 539 00:27:14,920 --> 00:27:17,320 Speaker 1: the sky of the of the moon, right. The Moon 540 00:27:17,400 --> 00:27:20,280 Speaker 1: is kind of far away, and the Earth only protects 541 00:27:20,320 --> 00:27:24,000 Speaker 1: the Moon by about like three of its sky or something. 542 00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:26,360 Speaker 1: So if there's a rock aiming at the Moon, it's 543 00:27:26,440 --> 00:27:29,240 Speaker 1: most likely still just going to hit the Moon. Um, 544 00:27:29,280 --> 00:27:31,720 Speaker 1: so that's not enough to account for the difference. And 545 00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:35,680 Speaker 1: remember both sides the gravity like the Earth gravity protects 546 00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:38,800 Speaker 1: the Moon's like this side of the moon. Maybe no, no, no, 547 00:27:38,880 --> 00:27:41,240 Speaker 1: it's not it's not a big enough effect, and so 548 00:27:41,480 --> 00:27:43,080 Speaker 1: it's a big mystery. You know. There's a lot of 549 00:27:43,080 --> 00:27:47,800 Speaker 1: speculation that maybe, um, there's more like tectonic activity on 550 00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:49,800 Speaker 1: the front side of the Moon, which is sort of 551 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:52,879 Speaker 1: smoothing it over. Remember we talked about Eurroba, that weird 552 00:27:52,960 --> 00:27:55,640 Speaker 1: moon that has almost no craters on it that are 553 00:27:55,680 --> 00:27:57,840 Speaker 1: older than like ten or twenty years old. Because there's 554 00:27:58,040 --> 00:28:00,880 Speaker 1: a lot of resurfacing, like stuff coming up and making 555 00:28:00,920 --> 00:28:03,520 Speaker 1: a new surface. It could be that that's happening more 556 00:28:03,600 --> 00:28:05,080 Speaker 1: quickly on the front side of the moon and in 557 00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:07,760 Speaker 1: the backside, but people don't really understand, like why would 558 00:28:07,760 --> 00:28:10,679 Speaker 1: that be. So there's some interesting mysteries there. It's like 559 00:28:10,720 --> 00:28:14,880 Speaker 1: squishy are on this side. Yeah, sometimes sort of getting refreshed, right, 560 00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:19,040 Speaker 1: Like the near side of the moon gets its skin scrubbed, 561 00:28:19,200 --> 00:28:21,639 Speaker 1: it gets a spa treatment more often. I think the 562 00:28:21,640 --> 00:28:23,679 Speaker 1: moon is just thinking, like, you know what, nobody's going 563 00:28:23,760 --> 00:28:28,240 Speaker 1: to look at my back side. Nobody cares. There's nobody 564 00:28:28,240 --> 00:28:31,280 Speaker 1: back here. I'm just gonna let it go. Yeah, And folks, 565 00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:34,320 Speaker 1: this is your motivation, you know, keep your hygiene spherical, 566 00:28:35,200 --> 00:28:41,560 Speaker 1: keep your back end agone free. Yeah, there's hygiene advice 567 00:28:41,600 --> 00:28:43,960 Speaker 1: from a scientist and a cartoonist. That's definitely who you 568 00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:47,040 Speaker 1: want to be listening to. So why do you think 569 00:28:47,040 --> 00:28:50,800 Speaker 1: there's more churn or more like volcanic activity on this side? 570 00:28:50,920 --> 00:28:53,240 Speaker 1: Is it related to the fact that it's being it's 571 00:28:53,280 --> 00:28:55,160 Speaker 1: closer to the Earth. It could be, right, I mean, 572 00:28:55,160 --> 00:28:57,640 Speaker 1: we're talking about how the Moon is formed and the 573 00:28:57,680 --> 00:29:00,520 Speaker 1: internals of it and what's going on inside and is 574 00:29:00,560 --> 00:29:04,040 Speaker 1: it still hot enough to like flow and move around. Um, 575 00:29:04,080 --> 00:29:06,680 Speaker 1: But it's it's something we've only recently really started to 576 00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:09,440 Speaker 1: explore and to understand, and so it's still a question. 577 00:29:10,120 --> 00:29:12,280 Speaker 1: Lunar scientists don't know the answer to this as far 578 00:29:12,280 --> 00:29:14,440 Speaker 1: as I'm aware, So it's it's an open question. And 579 00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:16,600 Speaker 1: you know, until recently, we didn't know basic stuff about 580 00:29:16,600 --> 00:29:18,840 Speaker 1: the Moon, like does it have a strong magnetic field? 581 00:29:18,880 --> 00:29:21,719 Speaker 1: And you know, why are there pockets of magnetism here 582 00:29:21,800 --> 00:29:23,920 Speaker 1: and there? And so you know, even though we we 583 00:29:23,960 --> 00:29:26,320 Speaker 1: went to the Moon fifty years ago, we haven't been 584 00:29:26,320 --> 00:29:28,360 Speaker 1: back very much, and so there's a lot of questions 585 00:29:28,400 --> 00:29:30,120 Speaker 1: we just don't have answers to. You know, I think 586 00:29:30,120 --> 00:29:32,320 Speaker 1: people who study the moon are officially like to be 587 00:29:32,360 --> 00:29:36,320 Speaker 1: called moonies. Well, you're in charge of naming, so if 588 00:29:36,320 --> 00:29:39,040 Speaker 1: they're not called that, if they weren't called that before, 589 00:29:39,080 --> 00:29:41,320 Speaker 1: they are now. All right. So that's the far side 590 00:29:41,320 --> 00:29:43,480 Speaker 1: of the moon. And Daniel was it's somewhere that we 591 00:29:43,560 --> 00:29:45,760 Speaker 1: want to go or is it would be interesting to 592 00:29:45,800 --> 00:29:48,760 Speaker 1: go to or you know, for vacation or for science. 593 00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:52,280 Speaker 1: I wouldn't recommend it for vacation, but it is interesting 594 00:29:52,360 --> 00:29:55,240 Speaker 1: just because it's not well explored, which means there's always 595 00:29:55,240 --> 00:29:58,240 Speaker 1: an opportunity for surprises, right, which is sort of my 596 00:29:58,360 --> 00:30:01,840 Speaker 1: whole philosophy about science. It's like, science is about exploration. 597 00:30:02,200 --> 00:30:03,840 Speaker 1: You can think you know what something is gonna do, 598 00:30:03,920 --> 00:30:05,640 Speaker 1: you can think you know what something's gonna look like, 599 00:30:05,960 --> 00:30:08,320 Speaker 1: you can think you you know whether there are particles there, 600 00:30:08,320 --> 00:30:11,200 Speaker 1: But until you go and look, you haven't given yourself 601 00:30:11,200 --> 00:30:14,040 Speaker 1: the opportunity to be surprised by the universe. And so 602 00:30:14,080 --> 00:30:17,520 Speaker 1: it's definitely worth exploring because it's also not that far away. 603 00:30:17,680 --> 00:30:21,440 Speaker 1: And it was in twenty nineteen, right this year, that 604 00:30:21,600 --> 00:30:25,240 Speaker 1: humans finally landed something on the far side of the moon. Really, 605 00:30:25,800 --> 00:30:28,600 Speaker 1: that's right, Yeah, just now, just a few months ago 606 00:30:28,920 --> 00:30:31,080 Speaker 1: China landed something and took a bunch of pictures and 607 00:30:31,200 --> 00:30:34,920 Speaker 1: is doing experiments over there, And so it's an interesting place, right, 608 00:30:35,280 --> 00:30:37,480 Speaker 1: Like do we understand how the Moon formed? It gives 609 00:30:37,560 --> 00:30:40,040 Speaker 1: us insights to how planets formed in the early history 610 00:30:40,120 --> 00:30:43,520 Speaker 1: the Earth and stuff. It's also not a terrible place 611 00:30:43,560 --> 00:30:46,800 Speaker 1: to do science because it's shielded by the whole Moon 612 00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:50,840 Speaker 1: from all this noise of radio broadcast and annoying podcast 613 00:30:50,920 --> 00:30:54,680 Speaker 1: hosts and all that stuff that's spewing stuff out into space. 614 00:30:55,040 --> 00:30:57,520 Speaker 1: So if you want to build, for example, a radio telescope, 615 00:30:57,760 --> 00:31:00,760 Speaker 1: that's a really nice quiet spot. It's the most you 616 00:31:00,760 --> 00:31:05,480 Speaker 1: can get away from other people. Exactly, it's an introverts vacation, exactly. 617 00:31:06,520 --> 00:31:09,240 Speaker 1: There you go. That's how you how that's how you 618 00:31:09,280 --> 00:31:10,960 Speaker 1: market it. But you can only market it to like 619 00:31:11,040 --> 00:31:14,480 Speaker 1: one introvert at a time, if you speak Russian and 620 00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:17,520 Speaker 1: and one a quiet place too with no signal and 621 00:31:17,560 --> 00:31:19,600 Speaker 1: you're on your phone. The far side of the moon 622 00:31:19,640 --> 00:31:23,120 Speaker 1: would be ideal. Yeah, the market for that are super 623 00:31:23,360 --> 00:31:29,160 Speaker 1: zillionaire Russian introverts, right, which I imagine there might be 624 00:31:29,200 --> 00:31:31,240 Speaker 1: a few, right, must brush you have a bunch of 625 00:31:31,320 --> 00:31:34,600 Speaker 1: millionaires zillionaire Russian introvers listening to this podcast, we will 626 00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:36,360 Speaker 1: sell you a ticket to the far side of the moon. 627 00:31:36,760 --> 00:31:40,120 Speaker 1: That's right. We will tell you how to get there, exactly, exactly. 628 00:31:40,160 --> 00:31:42,040 Speaker 1: But it's one of my favorite kind of things because 629 00:31:42,320 --> 00:31:44,160 Speaker 1: people can really grasp it. You can look up at 630 00:31:44,160 --> 00:31:46,640 Speaker 1: the sky and you can think, you know, it's crazy 631 00:31:46,760 --> 00:31:49,800 Speaker 1: that my ancestors and my ancestors ancestors, I've all been 632 00:31:49,840 --> 00:31:52,280 Speaker 1: looking at the same thing hanging the sky, and the 633 00:31:52,360 --> 00:31:55,280 Speaker 1: same side of it too, also not seeing the same thing. 634 00:31:55,320 --> 00:31:58,960 Speaker 1: We we don't see, yeah exactly that for thousands of years, 635 00:31:59,120 --> 00:32:00,880 Speaker 1: no human who had been looking up at the sky 636 00:32:00,960 --> 00:32:04,400 Speaker 1: had seen the backside of this thing until basically our generation, 637 00:32:04,520 --> 00:32:07,640 Speaker 1: right for the generation before us, finally cracked this mystery, 638 00:32:07,760 --> 00:32:10,920 Speaker 1: finally lifted our eyeballs off the surface so we could 639 00:32:11,000 --> 00:32:13,480 Speaker 1: see the other side of this thing, which is right 640 00:32:13,480 --> 00:32:16,200 Speaker 1: there in our faces. Cool. Well, it's amazing to think 641 00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:19,520 Speaker 1: there are still mysteries even as close as the moon, right, 642 00:32:19,600 --> 00:32:22,000 Speaker 1: there are mystery places that are hard to get to, 643 00:32:22,120 --> 00:32:26,600 Speaker 1: but just unexplained phenomena in physics. Yeah, yeah, exactly, And 644 00:32:26,640 --> 00:32:28,880 Speaker 1: that's you know, that's why physics goes on, right, because 645 00:32:28,920 --> 00:32:32,160 Speaker 1: there are always mysteries. Some people ask me, like, you know, 646 00:32:32,160 --> 00:32:33,720 Speaker 1: are we ever going to figure things out? And I'm 647 00:32:33,760 --> 00:32:36,000 Speaker 1: pretty sure there's always going to be some person with 648 00:32:36,040 --> 00:32:38,560 Speaker 1: a question out there, you know, why is this this way? 649 00:32:38,560 --> 00:32:40,360 Speaker 1: Why isn't it that way? And why does this look 650 00:32:40,480 --> 00:32:43,360 Speaker 1: different from this other thing? Um, there's always questions to 651 00:32:43,360 --> 00:32:46,320 Speaker 1: be answered, and they're always interesting insights to be uncovered 652 00:32:46,560 --> 00:32:48,680 Speaker 1: when you dig into those questions. Each one is like 653 00:32:49,120 --> 00:32:51,480 Speaker 1: a little thread in the fabric of the universe which 654 00:32:51,480 --> 00:32:55,120 Speaker 1: if you tug on, it might unravel and reveal something fascinating. Yeah, 655 00:32:55,240 --> 00:32:59,200 Speaker 1: humans are annoying like that, you know, never satisfied humans, 656 00:32:59,440 --> 00:33:04,080 Speaker 1: or physics sists or three year old kids, basically the same. 657 00:33:04,120 --> 00:33:06,240 Speaker 1: It's one category. It's one category, all right. Well, we 658 00:33:06,280 --> 00:33:08,440 Speaker 1: hope you enjoyed that and got you to think a 659 00:33:08,480 --> 00:33:11,800 Speaker 1: little bit about the moon and how it formed and 660 00:33:11,880 --> 00:33:14,360 Speaker 1: what's out there that we still know every time you 661 00:33:14,400 --> 00:33:16,320 Speaker 1: go out into the night and look up at the 662 00:33:16,400 --> 00:33:19,040 Speaker 1: night's car that's right. And if you have questions about 663 00:33:19,080 --> 00:33:21,280 Speaker 1: something you don't understand and you'd like us to explain, 664 00:33:21,400 --> 00:33:24,080 Speaker 1: please send them to us at questions at Daniel and 665 00:33:24,200 --> 00:33:27,160 Speaker 1: Jorge dot com. And if you are a Russian billionaire 666 00:33:27,240 --> 00:33:31,719 Speaker 1: with disposable income. Let us know that's right. Send it 667 00:33:31,760 --> 00:33:34,640 Speaker 1: to money at Daniel and Jorge dot com. See you 668 00:33:34,680 --> 00:33:44,720 Speaker 1: next time. Thanks for tuning in. If you still have 669 00:33:44,760 --> 00:33:48,160 Speaker 1: a question after listening to all these explanations, please drop 670 00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:50,320 Speaker 1: us a line. We'd love to hear from you. You 671 00:33:50,320 --> 00:33:53,760 Speaker 1: can find us at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at Daniel 672 00:33:53,800 --> 00:33:57,320 Speaker 1: and Jorge That's one word, or email us at Feedback 673 00:33:57,360 --> 00:34:00,600 Speaker 1: at Daniel and Jorge dot com. Thank for listening, and 674 00:34:00,640 --> 00:34:03,360 Speaker 1: remember that Daniel and Jorge Explain the Universe is a 675 00:34:03,400 --> 00:34:06,800 Speaker 1: production of I Heart Radio. For more podcast from my 676 00:34:06,960 --> 00:34:10,520 Speaker 1: Heart Radio, visit the i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, 677 00:34:10,680 --> 00:34:18,400 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. H