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Speaker 1: On this episode of news World, we choose to go

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Speaker 1: to the Moon. We choose to go to the Moon

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Speaker 1: and just decay and do the other thing, not because

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Speaker 1: they are easy, but because they are hard. Because that goal,

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Speaker 1: we'll serve to organize and measure the best of our

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Speaker 1: energies and skills. Fifty years ago, one small step for

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Speaker 1: man became one giant leap for mankind. But now come

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Speaker 1: the time for us to make the next giant leap

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Speaker 1: and return American astronauts to the Moon, establish a permanent

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Speaker 1: base there, and develop the technologies to take American astronauts

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Speaker 1: to Mars and beyond for twenty off the service they

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Speaker 1: go delta. That sound confirmed perseverance, thickly ready to begin

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Speaker 1: thinking the bangs of popway. I've been fascinated by space

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Speaker 1: since my earliest childhood, when I would read coming books

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Speaker 1: about Martian invasions of Earth. In the last year, I've

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Speaker 1: admired Vice President Pence's leadership on the Moon to Mars

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Speaker 1: mission plans, and I reveled at the successful launch of

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Speaker 1: the SpaceX rocket from the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral,

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Speaker 1: Florida on Saturday twenty twenty. So you can imagine my

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Speaker 1: pleasure and welcoming my guests. Doctor Adam Steltzner, who was

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Speaker 1: the chief engineer for the Mars twenty twenty project Perseverance

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Speaker 1: Rover at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. He's

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Speaker 1: here to tell us all about the latest mission to Mars,

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Speaker 1: but also to help us better understand this remarkable institution,

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Speaker 1: the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and what we might expect over

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Speaker 1: the next few years. He and I are both fortunate

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Speaker 1: that we're living at the beginning of the golden age

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Speaker 1: of understanding planets beyond Earth. Adam, I'm really delighted to

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Speaker 1: have you joined. So let me ask you. I'm curious,

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Speaker 1: how did you first get interested in space? Well, nude,

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Speaker 1: I was a poor student, and so I was actually

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Speaker 1: playing rock and roll in the Sancisco Bay area and

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Speaker 1: got curious about the stars and the motion of the

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Speaker 1: Constellation of Bryan in the night sky one evening, and

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Speaker 1: that one thing led to another, and eventually a PhD

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Speaker 1: in engineering physics. Can you wrote a book in twenty

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Speaker 1: and sixteen, The Right Kind of Crazy, A true story

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Speaker 1: of teamwork, leadership and high states innovation. Now, how much

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Speaker 1: of that teamwork and leadership did you learn from the

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Speaker 1: rock band? Well, not much. I wanted a little bit

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Speaker 1: about people from being on stage and playing rock and roll,

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Speaker 1: But most of what I learned about leadership and collaboration

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Speaker 1: I learned on the job. Let's look at the personal

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Speaker 1: laboratory from my colleagues and those who I wanted for.

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Speaker 1: And again that when you had noticed the translational rhyme

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Speaker 1: was in a different place and you began to really

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Speaker 1: get intrigued, you learned that the astronomy class you wanted

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Speaker 1: to take had a physics requirement, And as I understand it,

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Speaker 1: that's when you discovered that you were really good at

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Speaker 1: length and physics. And was that kind of a shop team, Yes,

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Speaker 1: it is. I certainly convinced myself and all of my

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Speaker 1: teachers and parents that I was a poor student and

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Speaker 1: really an artist and not good at analysis, and in

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Speaker 1: fact that's wrong. And I discovered that through really marveling

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Speaker 1: at the fact that the universe is governed by a

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Speaker 1: set of laws. I remember correctly, your undergraduate degree a

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Speaker 1: mechanical engineering is a University California Davis, I remembers, was

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Speaker 1: one of the great agricultural research systems in the world.

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Speaker 1: I love Davis in the Central Valley. There a big

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Speaker 1: agg school. California's in some sets of the Red basket

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Speaker 1: of the nation. And my uncle is a farmer, a

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Speaker 1: grape farmer, now a grape and citrus and pistasia farmer.

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Speaker 1: But he started out as a wine maker, and Davis

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Speaker 1: has got a famous wine program, so I was sort

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Speaker 1: of famous in the city for my last name, even

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Speaker 1: though I could make wine myself. He went from there

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Speaker 1: to maybe the pre eminent intellectual center of the country

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Speaker 1: at cal Tech, and went then from there back to

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Speaker 1: University of Wisconsin Madison to get a PhD in engineering mechanics.

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Speaker 1: How did you go from all that to starting to

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Speaker 1: work for NASA. Well, when I went down to cal Tech,

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Speaker 1: I started really looking into geo tectonic plate interactions and geology,

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Speaker 1: and I think I'm more naturally an engineer, and so

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Speaker 1: I decided to leave Caltech after my master's. After I

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Speaker 1: started at PA and I'd met the woman who would

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Speaker 1: become my wife and wanted to stay in the area.

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Speaker 1: So I just got a job at JPL because Caltech

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Speaker 1: runs JPL, and it was sort of an accidental stepping

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Speaker 1: into my dream job. I can remember what I first

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Speaker 1: started having a bit of a crisis because JPL has

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Speaker 1: been a place I would have imagined reaching somewhere late

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Speaker 1: in my career after many years, or maybe a decade

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Speaker 1: or two. Can you just take them in and explain

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Speaker 1: to people the JEM Provocional Laboratory is unique in the

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Speaker 1: NASA system. Is it's not actually a NASA lab, it's

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Speaker 1: actually a contracted federal research center. How does that change

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Speaker 1: things the j Profocional Laboratory If I am a fire

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Speaker 1: at will private employee of Caltech and we are an

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Speaker 1: f RDC federally funded research and development tellity that is

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Speaker 1: contacted to NASA ian if I could stay on that topic,

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Speaker 1: just fromented, I have some friends who've spent many years

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Speaker 1: looking at our space program who actually think that your

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Speaker 1: model at the federally funded research center is a more

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Speaker 1: powerful and produces a more competent result than the traditional

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Speaker 1: federal bureaucracy. And they've recommended that we actually move a

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Speaker 1: number of the other labs into something like the Jet

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Speaker 1: Propulsion Laboratory. You've had an astonishing level of success at

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Speaker 1: JPL and consistently getting things done far more I think

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Speaker 1: than any other facility in our NASA system. Do you

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Speaker 1: have any gut instinct is a net advantage to being

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Speaker 1: a federally funded research center other than part of the

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Speaker 1: traditional system. Well, I don't know whether it is the

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Speaker 1: organization structure or the type of employment that we are

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Speaker 1: underneath of the contract, or whether it might not be

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Speaker 1: just the snowball rolling downhill effect. More work to get

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Speaker 1: more work, which makes you better. You know, we are changed,

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Speaker 1: all of us, every single one of us is changed

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Speaker 1: through work, the work we do. And we have been

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Speaker 1: lucky enough at JPL because there are so many places

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Speaker 1: in our solar systems that are available to explore, to

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Speaker 1: have worked hard at exploring those places for so many decades,

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Speaker 1: that that work builds upon itself and puts us in a, yes,

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Speaker 1: a unique position in having such a wealth of experience

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Speaker 1: and therefore such well honed skill. Not that we don't

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Speaker 1: learn daily from our partners in the other NASA centers,

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Speaker 1: and not that we don't have a lot to learn

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Speaker 1: in the future, but certainly our experiences to date have

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Speaker 1: put us in a position to garner the success that

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Speaker 1: we did a few weeks ago in February. So when

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Speaker 1: did you get involved with Mars. I mean you're now

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Speaker 1: at JPL. You entered JPL doing Mars or did you

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Speaker 1: do other things? First, great question. I came into JPL

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Speaker 1: in nineteen ninety one, which is shighteningly coming up on

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Speaker 1: thirty years this October. I was in the least tracked

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Speaker 1: structures in dynamics groups, and I was working on Casini Huygens,

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Speaker 1: which was a mission to Saturn. And I can remember

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Speaker 1: something back then that oh my god, it's going to

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Speaker 1: launch in ninety five ninety six, and it's going to

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Speaker 1: be fourteen years before at Saturn. It was inconceivable for

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Speaker 1: me to think on those timescales back then. But lo

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Speaker 1: and behold that mission has come and gone. So I

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Speaker 1: worked on Cassini, I helped on the Galileo mission. I

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Speaker 1: then started working on Mars missions. I helped a little

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Speaker 1: bit as a dynamicist on Mars Pathfinder, and then I

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Speaker 1: took on larger leadership roles on the Mars Exploration rovers.

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Speaker 1: The two thousand and four landings of the rovers Spirit

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Speaker 1: and Opportunity Solar powered Rovers important contributors because they taught

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Speaker 1: us that Mars had once been wet, which we know

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Speaker 1: from here on Earth is a big deal because where

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Speaker 1: water is we find that almost always life springs up,

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Speaker 1: so that it opened the question has Mars ever been alive?

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Speaker 1: And then, of course I'm the chief engineer for perseverance.

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Speaker 1: When you launch something like this, how does it feel

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Speaker 1: when it works? Oh? Well, the personal investment of not

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Speaker 1: only myself, of course, but of literally thousands of American

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Speaker 1: contributing be Then inside the jeoper Postal Laboratory, we think

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Speaker 1: about a three thousand or so lab members have charged

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Speaker 1: to this effort over the eight years of development. But

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Speaker 1: then thousands of others scattered across the nation contribute, and

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Speaker 1: this investment, personal investment, can be all consuming. And when

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Speaker 1: you are successful, it's interesting. It's a strange mix of

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Speaker 1: incredible relief and incredible joy and sadness in that you've

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Speaker 1: been running a race, You've been working with this team

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Speaker 1: for the better part of a decade, and that work

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Speaker 1: has changed. In some sense, that work has stopped. The

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Speaker 1: flavor of the work that you're doing. When you're designing

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Speaker 1: and developing and testing and making sure the spacecraft will work.

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Speaker 1: That's done, and you're now into a different kind of

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Speaker 1: worth operating spacecraft. But it mostly different team, and so

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Speaker 1: it's a complicated set of emotions, but there is no

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Speaker 1: doubt that the investment that so many at JPL and

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Speaker 1: around the nation it made is so great that it

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Speaker 1: really marks a big point in one's life. You now

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Speaker 1: have with the Mars twenty cameras that provide much higher

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Speaker 1: resolution and the public can actually look at them. What

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Speaker 1: was it like when it lands successfully and you're looking

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Speaker 1: at these much higher definition images for the first time?

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Speaker 1: A mind blowing newts The images are what makes it real,

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Speaker 1: not only for myself, I know this for all the

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Speaker 1: team members. Right. The numbers that come down the London

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Speaker 1: zero is literally tell you the rover Sunate's job. Well,

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Speaker 1: they take the front party of brain to put together

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Speaker 1: and really believe it to be true. But those images

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Speaker 1: and now the super high resolution twenty one megapixel color

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Speaker 1: images that we're getting down are mind blowing. They really

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Speaker 1: put you get the landing site and they are an

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Speaker 1: undeniable assertion of the success that the nation has had

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Speaker 1: and the success that we've had through these very times.

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Speaker 1: Where can people go to see this? Mars dot NASA

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Speaker 1: dot gov will take you to the set of Mars missions.

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Speaker 1: You select the perseverance mission, and you'll find you can

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Speaker 1: go to raw images and just look at all the

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Speaker 1: images as they come down. They spend about a day

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Speaker 1: or two in the pipeline getting processed and the dumped

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Speaker 1: on to the website unedited for all of us to see.

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Speaker 1: Or you can go and look for specific images given

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Speaker 1: captions and exclamations. Videos are there. You'll find videos of

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Speaker 1: the landing. We put some off the shelf commercially available

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Speaker 1: video cameras. These aren't certisticated things. These are rubbed doct

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Speaker 1: industrial cameras, very similar to the ones you might use

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Speaker 1: in your automobile when you put it in reverse. You know,

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Speaker 1: nowadays all the fancy costs got your ability to look

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Speaker 1: out through the your license plate to see that you're

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Speaker 1: not bumping into something. As a backup cams quite like that.

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Speaker 1: We put a few of them on the road to

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Speaker 1: see if you could capture the enter descent of landing sequence.

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Speaker 1: And we didn't know because it's unlike building a space

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Speaker 1: traded camera, which is expensive and i'll pikes a lot

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Speaker 1: of time. These were just might work, and they did,

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Speaker 1: and they are amazing, amazing images, amazing videos of the

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Speaker 1: rover being lowered below the descent stage and the skycrane maneuver,

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Speaker 1: and the rover looking up at the decent stage in

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Speaker 1: the skycaver parachute inflation. I mean, there's a whole bunch

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Speaker 1: of great, great videos there. Mars dot NASA dot gov

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Speaker 1: will get you to it. We'll be sure to link

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Speaker 1: to the Mars mission on our show page at Newtsworld

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Speaker 1: dot com. Encourage people to go and look at it.

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Speaker 1: And I'm curious, what have we learned that has surprised

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Speaker 1: us out of the latest rover landings since we started

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Speaker 1: putting roll on the surface of Bars. We've learned that

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Speaker 1: it was wet. We've learned that that water was there

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Speaker 1: for a long time, and that the chemistry of that

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Speaker 1: water was habitable for life as it evolved here on Earth,

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Speaker 1: and that that wet habitable environment was present on the

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Speaker 1: surface of Bars about the time that life began here

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Speaker 1: on Earth. So thus far we've now catalogued that both

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Speaker 1: Bars and Earth were habitable for life at the time

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Speaker 1: that life begins on Earth. So that's a big deal.

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Speaker 1: It begs the question in life also evolved on the

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Speaker 1: surface of us, is it possible that life is less

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Speaker 1: rare that it's not just here on Earth, but maybe

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Speaker 1: in other locations. Perseverance is the first leg really in

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Speaker 1: a three leg epic journey to bring samples back from

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Speaker 1: the surface of Mars to Earth to allow scientists to

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Speaker 1: investigate them here, and that holds the possibility of unlocking

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Speaker 1: that final question of whether Mars ever was alive and

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Speaker 1: whether life might be more common than otherwise. This is

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Speaker 1: such a sophisticated project. How many people does it take

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Speaker 1: to develop and implement something like Perseverance, Well a lot.

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Speaker 1: During the height of the project, we have about a

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Speaker 1: thousand people at JPL working on it, but of course

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Speaker 1: those are mostly engineers. I'd say like three quarters of

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Speaker 1: the bar engineers. You know, I'm an engineer. We are

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Speaker 1: just building the robot. We are building the instruments that

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Speaker 1: give the scientists the measurements and the observations that they

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Speaker 1: need to prove out the theories that they have for

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Speaker 1: the planetary evolution, life evolution, etc. So about a thousand

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Speaker 1: folks we're working at the lab, but you know, in

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Speaker 1: industry out in Colorado, in Maine, in Massachusetts, in Arizona.

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Speaker 1: On Curiosity, we've counted thirty seventh states. We haven't finished

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Speaker 1: our tally for perseverance. But the majority of the nation's

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Speaker 1: states are involved in this effort, and so we think

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Speaker 1: all in tens of thousands of Americans participated in this.

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Speaker 1: The process and builds on itself. So if you go

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Speaker 1: back to sojourner and you consider the lessons you learn,

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Speaker 1: you keep adding levels of sophistication. Are you already starting

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Speaker 1: to work on the next lander? Yes, funny you should

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Speaker 1: mention that, yes I am before coming to speak to you.

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Speaker 1: Just got off a meeting about the next legs of

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Speaker 1: that map of our sample return effort. There's something called

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Speaker 1: the Sample Retrieval Lander or s r L, and we're

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Speaker 1: starting to work on that. And there's something called the

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Speaker 1: Earth Return Orbiter. We're starting to work on that. We've

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Speaker 1: forged a partnership with the European Space Agency and they're

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Speaker 1: going to provide some of the pieces of flight hardware,

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Speaker 1: specifically the Earth return orbiter, and so we're starting to

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Speaker 1: work on the next effort. It's sort of relentless, you know.

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Speaker 1: Have we landed on the eighteenth of February and so

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Speaker 1: it's not been long, but no, we're right back in

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Speaker 1: the saddle. As I understand it. You will end up

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Speaker 1: with a very complicated system. One to land and to retrieve.

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Speaker 1: Do you then retrieve up to the satellite and then

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Speaker 1: from the satellite send it back to Earth. Now you're

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Speaker 1: really making it as complicated and as exciting as the

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Speaker 1: landers were. This next challenge that you've given yourself, it

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Speaker 1: seems to me, is vastly more complicated. Well, you're right

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Speaker 1: all the money there. It is the greatest robotic challenge

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Speaker 1: that humanity will ever have undertaken. Perseverance. The rover that

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Speaker 1: we just landed in February will take samples, take a

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Speaker 1: rotary percusive coring drill and take core samples of rocky

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Speaker 1: material from the surface of Mars. It will seal those

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Speaker 1: samples in hyper sterile sample tubes for return to Earth.

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Speaker 1: The next mission land a lander with a rocket on it,

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Speaker 1: a MAB, a Mars Ascent vehicle, and we put the

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Speaker 1: sample tubes in the top of the MAB in a

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Speaker 1: vessel we call the off orbital Sampling container, and we

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Speaker 1: put the sample tubes at least twenty maybe thirty sample

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Speaker 1: tubes in the top of the OFS and we launched that.

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Speaker 1: It looks like it thought the size of maybe a

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Speaker 1: soccer ball basketball that gets launched into orbit and then

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Speaker 1: it's retrieved from orbit by this orbiting spacecock called the

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Speaker 1: Earth's Return Orbiter and a piece of equipment on it

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Speaker 1: called the Capture and Containment and Return System made by

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Speaker 1: Goddard Space Flight System and the Languy Research Center of

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Speaker 1: the Ames Research Center together all managed out of GPL,

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Speaker 1: that collects this bat of samples flides it back to Earth.

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Speaker 1: We put that basketball shaped piece in a Earth Return

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Speaker 1: capsule and then land it onto the surface of ancient

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Speaker 1: Lake Bonneville in Utah at the Utah Test and Training Range.

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Speaker 1: Five felt like two, what year do you think this

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Speaker 1: will happen? Well, we're trying to keep the initiative and

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Speaker 1: we'd like to try and get them back if we

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Speaker 1: can before the turn of the next decade. At the earliest,

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Speaker 1: it might be twenty nine. At the latest it would

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Speaker 1: be in the early thirties, thirty one, maybe thirty two,

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Speaker 1: So about ten years from now, anywhere from eight to

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Speaker 1: ten or twelve years from now. For people listening to

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Speaker 1: us right now, they have a reasonable prospect that in

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Speaker 1: their lifetime there'll be samples from Mars being analyzed here

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Speaker 1: on Earth. To determine in part whether or not there

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Speaker 1: was life on Mars at one time. We've been building

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Speaker 1: our capability at long distance robotics for I guess what,

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Speaker 1: thirty years now, and it's now going to reach a

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Speaker 1: truly amazing culminating point in terms of our understanding of

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Speaker 1: our solar system. You know, I sometimes pitched myself to

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Speaker 1: it and wonder what did I do to deserve the

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Speaker 1: honor of being able to be doing a job like this?

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Speaker 1: Right this is the cutting edge of what we can do.

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Speaker 1: It's a privilege to be able to try my best statter.

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Speaker 1: When you think back to your first days at JPO

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Speaker 1: and you think about the technology you worked with them,

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Speaker 1: and you look at the technology you hope to develop

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Speaker 1: over the next decade, isn't it like multiple revolutions, not

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Speaker 1: just one revolution, but multiple scale of change in your lifetime. Yes,

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Speaker 1: and it's interesting that it doesn't all come necessarily from space.

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Speaker 1: But there's a heaven flow. You know. We are using well,

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Speaker 1: those cameras that we've videoed our enterdescent landing sequence were

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Speaker 1: off the shelf cameras that are spit out at high rate,

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Speaker 1: essentially free, but we are using in the helicopter ingenuity.

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Speaker 1: We took a dual road of counter rotating helicopter with

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Speaker 1: us on Perseverance to check out and demonstrate aerial mobility

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Speaker 1: in the sin thin Martian aposphere. And inside that helicopter

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Speaker 1: is a chip that is out of a cellphone, a

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Speaker 1: visual processing chip and a camera out of a cell phone.

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Speaker 1: And again that's hard, tough and costs essentially nothing, right,

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Speaker 1: it probably costs twenty five cents to make this peace.

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Speaker 1: And yet we're looking to see. An innovation that we're

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Speaker 1: trying out is the use of commercial offer cellflore at

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Speaker 1: times the consumer where electronics industry is so icanic, it

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Speaker 1: operates on such a scale that its technologies rapidly get

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Speaker 1: tested in a way that we could never test our technology.

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Speaker 1: Now there's one hundred thousand people using, for instance, a

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Speaker 1: particular chip in a cell phone, and you know that

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Speaker 1: it's well debugged, that you understand its reliability. I need

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Speaker 1: that great statistics line. So now if you can use

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Speaker 1: some technologies from other locations beg. Borrow and steel as needed,

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Speaker 1: that's one of the techniques we use to innovate in

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Speaker 1: our applications at MARS. So if you're talking to a

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Speaker 1: high school class, How would you describe to them the

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Speaker 1: potential they have in their lifetime to do things in

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Speaker 1: space and to learn from space, and have space be

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Speaker 1: an even more exciting part of what they learn or

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Speaker 1: what they experience. You know what I think about what

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Speaker 1: we're doing when we explore space. I think of it

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Speaker 1: actually as the gesture of who we are as a species,

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Speaker 1: as a gesture of our humanity. We are the curious ones,

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Speaker 1: We are the toolmakers. We figure it out, We figure

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Speaker 1: out what's going on around us. I mean, everything you

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Speaker 1: could imagine space explorations is an extension of that activity.

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Speaker 1: And so when I speak to student groups, I remind

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Speaker 1: them to revel in their curiosity, keep their intellects sharp,

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Speaker 1: question each other and themselves things they think they understand,

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Speaker 1: to make sure that they really know what they know

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Speaker 1: and know what they don't know. And that process makes

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Speaker 1: all of us better. It's a sport in some way,

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Speaker 1: a definition of our intellectual capacities and capabilities. And I

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Speaker 1: think it's a bright future in that I hope that

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Speaker 1: the use of today will find themselves staring at an

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Speaker 1: ever expanding set of vistas and exercising their minds and

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Speaker 1: the intellectual might as they have never done before. Let

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Speaker 1: me swish years on your per second, your engineoty helicopter.

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Speaker 1: When will the experimental flight test be underway? We're in

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Speaker 1: the process of what we'd call of commissioning the vehicle.

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Speaker 1: The vehicle shows up, it's actually running a different set

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Speaker 1: of software that will run on the surface of the

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Speaker 1: software that got to bear the crew software. We've now transitioned.

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Speaker 1: We want to be very careful. There's no way to

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Speaker 1: reboot or to tune the vehicle off from Earth. You

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Speaker 1: know is unplug your computer or power cycle it with

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Speaker 1: your finger. But we can't touch our rovers. So we

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Speaker 1: have a pair of computers. We change the software on one,

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Speaker 1: check it, change the software. In the end of that

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Speaker 1: process is complete, we're in the process of checking out

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Speaker 1: our instruments made all of our deployment. Anyway, this will

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Speaker 1: go on for an under a week or so, and

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Speaker 1: then we'll move on to look for an appropriate site

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Speaker 1: for the helicopter. So one of our first efforts is

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Speaker 1: this helicopter experimental flight test that you refer to, which

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Speaker 1: I love that phrase, by the way, and so we'll

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Speaker 1: be deploying Ingenuity somewhere in the next month or so,

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Speaker 1: depending on how quickly we find an acceptable air field

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Speaker 1: the approaches we will Ingenuity is under slung under our belly,

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Speaker 1: and we will deploy it in a takeoff and landing

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Speaker 1: zone that they call an airfield, and it's a big patch.

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Speaker 1: We want to flat. We want to be miltively rock

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Speaker 1: free for these first experimental flights. We anticipate will be

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Speaker 1: there somewhere in the next month, So it would be

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Speaker 1: possible by going to the same website for people to

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Speaker 1: follow those flights. Yes, following the entire mission, sup to

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Speaker 1: not all the images, all the progress Mars dot, NASA

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Speaker 1: dot got okay. I want to take you one more

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Speaker 1: zone that's parallel to the progress you've been making, but

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Speaker 1: very different, and that is the rise of recoverable rockets,

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Speaker 1: which is a project that Bob Walker and I had

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Speaker 1: worked on in the early nineties and could not get

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Speaker 1: MASSA to figure out how to do it. Of course,

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Speaker 1: a decade ago, private sector people, starting with Delon Musk,

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Speaker 1: began to actually solve it. I'm just curious, if you

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Speaker 1: had a chance to go into space, either to the

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Speaker 1: station or some new thing, would you take it. That's

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Speaker 1: a good question, depending on the destination. I would love

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Speaker 1: to look back at Earth from the vista space. I

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Speaker 1: have young children and some fair obligations here on Earth.

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Speaker 1: All of that riskless balance would have to work out

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Speaker 1: for me. But there's no doubt that every human who've

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Speaker 1: traveled into space and looked down upon Earth has had

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Speaker 1: their perspectives radically changed. I would love that opportunity. I

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Speaker 1: am excited about new space industry, and specifically the economics

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Speaker 1: that are happening in love services, driving prices down, and

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Speaker 1: so I think it's a good time for that. That's great,

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Speaker 1: And of course your young children will almost inevitably live

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Speaker 1: in an era we're going into space where begin to

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Speaker 1: be pretty close to routine about halfway through your life.

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Speaker 1: It's just amazing. Listen. I want to thank you. I

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Speaker 1: think you're the kind of person who's dedication has not

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Speaker 1: only brought you great satisfaction, but has helped and it

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Speaker 1: states immeasurably and has laid a base of knowledge for

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Speaker 1: the entire human race. It's a great privilege to me

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Speaker 1: to be able to chat with you and to have

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Speaker 1: you share so much, and I really want to thank

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Speaker 1: you personally for being dedicated and for the time you've

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Speaker 1: committed the life you've committed. Adam, thank you so much

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Speaker 1: for spending time with us today. You've truly been a

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Speaker 1: remarkable person, and I think you're going to continue to

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Speaker 1: be remarkable, and you are a role model for lots

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Speaker 1: of other Americans. Well, newt thank you very much for

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Speaker 1: those kind words. I consider it an honor and a

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Speaker 1: privilege to find myself in the position that I am.

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Speaker 1: You know, I hope to make this nation and this

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Speaker 1: world a better place through the things that I do

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Speaker 1: on a daily basis. Thank you for appreciating it, and

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Speaker 1: I thank providence that I have the opportunity to be

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Speaker 1: here and do this. You can read more about DeMar's

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Speaker 1: mission on our show page at Newtsworld dot com. News

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Speaker 1: World is produced by Gingerish three sixty and Iheartmediam, our

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Speaker 1: exacutive producers Debbie Myers, our producers Gornzi Slum, and our

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Speaker 1: researchers Rachel Peterson. The artwork for the show was created

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Speaker 1: by Steve Penn Special Effects, the team at Gingerish three sixty.

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Speaker 1: If you've been enjoying news World, I hope you'll go

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Speaker 1: it's all about. Right now, listeners of Newtsworld can sign

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Speaker 1: up for my three three weekly columns at Gingerish three

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Speaker 1: sixty dot com slash news them I'm new Gingwich. This

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Speaker 1: is news World