1 00:00:01,760 --> 00:00:04,960 Speaker 1: Hello, Stuff you Should Know listeners, Welcome to the Saturday 2 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:09,119 Speaker 1: Selects Chuck edition. Uh. This week, I'm going with one 3 00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:17,240 Speaker 1: from January entitled Fecal Transplants Colin, You're gonna drink that poop? Uh. 4 00:00:17,360 --> 00:00:21,239 Speaker 1: This one came up recently and I can't remember exactly 5 00:00:21,239 --> 00:00:23,279 Speaker 1: why my real life. Oh I know why because I 6 00:00:23,320 --> 00:00:28,520 Speaker 1: was watching the Great Tig Nataro show One Mississippi UM, 7 00:00:28,520 --> 00:00:30,920 Speaker 1: which has a second season that's starting kind of right 8 00:00:30,960 --> 00:00:33,760 Speaker 1: about now, and on that show, I think she had 9 00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:37,280 Speaker 1: a fecal transplant, and I think she did in real life, 10 00:00:37,479 --> 00:00:39,720 Speaker 1: so it made me think of this one. It's just 11 00:00:39,760 --> 00:00:42,720 Speaker 1: being a really interesting kind of um. Despite the fact 12 00:00:42,720 --> 00:00:48,320 Speaker 1: that their poop shakes cutting edge medical uh technology, I 13 00:00:48,320 --> 00:00:51,040 Speaker 1: guess you would call it, or at least procedures and 14 00:00:51,159 --> 00:00:54,200 Speaker 1: um and a serious note it it really helps people 15 00:00:54,200 --> 00:00:57,040 Speaker 1: out who have real problems. So UM. We do make 16 00:00:57,080 --> 00:00:59,560 Speaker 1: quite a few jokes, but it was pretty cool show, 17 00:00:59,680 --> 00:01:01,360 Speaker 1: So give it a listen to. I hope you enjoy it. 18 00:01:09,720 --> 00:01:12,880 Speaker 1: Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff 19 00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:21,400 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 20 00:01:21,480 --> 00:01:25,520 Speaker 1: Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and we are 21 00:01:25,560 --> 00:01:27,400 Speaker 1: so fly by the seat of our pants. We just 22 00:01:27,480 --> 00:01:30,440 Speaker 1: now decided which of the two episodes we're going to 23 00:01:30,480 --> 00:01:32,800 Speaker 1: record first. That's never happened. I looked at Josh while 24 00:01:32,800 --> 00:01:35,160 Speaker 1: he was talking. I pointed to the thing, and he 25 00:01:35,240 --> 00:01:39,680 Speaker 1: just nodded. That's we're gonna do poop. We're doing poop. Yes. 26 00:01:40,280 --> 00:01:42,600 Speaker 1: I can't wait to hear intro for this, because I 27 00:01:42,640 --> 00:01:44,720 Speaker 1: can't imagine what kind of intro you would have for 28 00:01:44,840 --> 00:01:48,760 Speaker 1: drinking a poop shake exactly zero intro. Okay, now you've 29 00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:51,080 Speaker 1: put me on the spot, all right. Um, I had 30 00:01:51,120 --> 00:01:53,840 Speaker 1: only recently heard of this. You me pointed it out 31 00:01:53,880 --> 00:01:57,720 Speaker 1: to me about six or so months ago. And then 32 00:01:57,760 --> 00:02:01,360 Speaker 1: pressto Obama, change Joe, We've got a an article on 33 00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:04,440 Speaker 1: the site. Finally get this pretty a new article, right, yeah, 34 00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:08,680 Speaker 1: and it was at least October, and the earliest this 35 00:02:08,720 --> 00:02:11,440 Speaker 1: has come up a couple of times in our show already. Yeah, 36 00:02:11,480 --> 00:02:16,280 Speaker 1: we did a little video that's now vanished on fecal transplants. 37 00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:18,960 Speaker 1: That's right. Oh yeah, that's right, that's where it came up. Um, 38 00:02:19,040 --> 00:02:20,959 Speaker 1: and then this but yeah, this article is by a 39 00:02:21,040 --> 00:02:25,480 Speaker 1: dude named Nicholas Gerbas or Jervis. I don't know who 40 00:02:25,520 --> 00:02:28,680 Speaker 1: he is. He's a freelancer. But this guy is top notch. Yeah, 41 00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:31,480 Speaker 1: he wrote some funny sentences, he did. And but it's 42 00:02:31,560 --> 00:02:35,600 Speaker 1: like every every sentence in this article was underlying and highlighted. Yeah, 43 00:02:35,919 --> 00:02:39,160 Speaker 1: very good, comprehensive article on poop shakes, good thick stuff. 44 00:02:40,080 --> 00:02:46,440 Speaker 1: M Um, so chuck, did you know that if you 45 00:02:46,600 --> 00:02:50,360 Speaker 1: are infected with something called the neuro virus, which is 46 00:02:50,480 --> 00:02:55,760 Speaker 1: very frequently contracted in dorms, prisons, cruise ships, aren't they 47 00:02:55,760 --> 00:03:00,200 Speaker 1: all virtually the same thing? Pretty much? When you put oop, 48 00:03:00,800 --> 00:03:08,440 Speaker 1: each gram of stool has literally billions of neuro viruses 49 00:03:09,360 --> 00:03:12,600 Speaker 1: in it. Yeah, and I believe one of the ways 50 00:03:12,639 --> 00:03:16,120 Speaker 1: you can contract this is by eating sushi from fish 51 00:03:16,200 --> 00:03:18,799 Speaker 1: that had been swimming in contaminated waters. Right, Oh, is 52 00:03:18,800 --> 00:03:20,840 Speaker 1: that the same one? The norwalk virus and the neuro 53 00:03:20,919 --> 00:03:24,680 Speaker 1: virus are the same one. Oh okay, Yeah that sounds familiar. 54 00:03:25,080 --> 00:03:29,919 Speaker 1: That was in the first pilot one point all right, um, 55 00:03:29,960 --> 00:03:32,680 Speaker 1: but yeah, okay, So the neuro virus um that you 56 00:03:32,720 --> 00:03:35,000 Speaker 1: can get it from eating sushi, you can also get 57 00:03:35,000 --> 00:03:39,240 Speaker 1: it if you happen to be friendly with a person 58 00:03:39,280 --> 00:03:43,160 Speaker 1: who's just filthy and has the neuro virus and doesn't 59 00:03:43,160 --> 00:03:46,720 Speaker 1: wash their hands after pooping and then shakes your hand 60 00:03:47,400 --> 00:03:51,600 Speaker 1: or feed you like a gummy bear or something with 61 00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:55,600 Speaker 1: their poopy fingers, and um, you accept that gummy bear 62 00:03:56,160 --> 00:03:58,240 Speaker 1: and like maybe their fingers like get inside of your 63 00:03:58,280 --> 00:04:00,400 Speaker 1: mouth just a little bit. Then all of a sudden, 64 00:04:00,440 --> 00:04:03,800 Speaker 1: you have the neurovirus and you're in big, big trouble. 65 00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:06,520 Speaker 1: For the most part, though, it was always regarded as 66 00:04:06,600 --> 00:04:11,080 Speaker 1: like this UM kind of just just a terrible thing 67 00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:14,840 Speaker 1: to have for a few days. Is extremely very virulent, UM, 68 00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:18,839 Speaker 1: extremely easily passed. It could survive for days weeks on 69 00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:22,520 Speaker 1: a surface UM. But ultimately you just pooped a lot, 70 00:04:22,520 --> 00:04:25,720 Speaker 1: you vomited a lot, and then it was done. Not 71 00:04:25,880 --> 00:04:32,520 Speaker 1: so any longer. Thanks to the rise of misprescribed antibiotics UM, 72 00:04:32,560 --> 00:04:37,599 Speaker 1: about fifty of antibiotic prescriptions are considered unnecessary. Yeah, I 73 00:04:37,720 --> 00:04:40,479 Speaker 1: try to avoid it. It's a it's good and it's 74 00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:42,760 Speaker 1: nice that you're doing your part. I try to do 75 00:04:42,839 --> 00:04:45,640 Speaker 1: my part too. And it stinks that, like we have 76 00:04:45,720 --> 00:04:49,960 Speaker 1: to suffer, right because other people are getting antibiotics at 77 00:04:49,960 --> 00:04:53,000 Speaker 1: the drop of a hat. But that's the point and 78 00:04:53,200 --> 00:04:54,960 Speaker 1: one of the one of the reasons why you and 79 00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:57,320 Speaker 1: I choose to suffer. People haven't caught on yet. Is 80 00:04:57,320 --> 00:05:01,960 Speaker 1: because if you expose a virus or bacteria to an antibiotic, 81 00:05:02,040 --> 00:05:07,200 Speaker 1: something intended to kill it, and it it doesn't kill it, 82 00:05:07,520 --> 00:05:11,400 Speaker 1: that antibiotic or that that virus or bacteria has just 83 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:15,680 Speaker 1: been effectively naturally selected and it goes on to reproduce 84 00:05:15,920 --> 00:05:20,200 Speaker 1: and reproduce and eventually develops resistance to these antibiotics, and 85 00:05:20,279 --> 00:05:22,920 Speaker 1: so the medicine we have becomes useless to it. That's 86 00:05:22,960 --> 00:05:26,040 Speaker 1: happened with Nora virus. It's also happened with another very 87 00:05:26,160 --> 00:05:31,200 Speaker 1: nasty virus called Clostridium difficial. Yeah, it is melli difficial. Difficial, 88 00:05:31,240 --> 00:05:34,200 Speaker 1: but is what French and Spanish for hard and difficult. 89 00:05:34,400 --> 00:05:35,880 Speaker 1: I think so. And the reason they call it that 90 00:05:35,920 --> 00:05:39,200 Speaker 1: is because this is a very intractable bacteria. Yeah, and 91 00:05:39,240 --> 00:05:41,360 Speaker 1: this is uh, it's become a They call it an 92 00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:43,480 Speaker 1: emerging epidemic, which is kind of scary to say that, 93 00:05:43,520 --> 00:05:48,039 Speaker 1: but especially in hospitals, uh, in nursing homes, because it 94 00:05:48,320 --> 00:05:53,279 Speaker 1: generally affects old folks and they will um, I guess 95 00:05:53,279 --> 00:05:56,880 Speaker 1: they're so jacked up on antibiotics that their gut that 96 00:05:57,040 --> 00:06:00,400 Speaker 1: can't kill this thing once it gets in there, well, yes, 97 00:06:01,320 --> 00:06:04,400 Speaker 1: or if they're on antibiotics for something else, like they 98 00:06:04,600 --> 00:06:07,440 Speaker 1: they're in the hospital for something else that they're given antibiotics, 99 00:06:07,960 --> 00:06:12,680 Speaker 1: the antibiotics going and just wipe their guts clean of 100 00:06:12,880 --> 00:06:16,320 Speaker 1: good bacteria and bad bacteria. See, normally we have bacteria 101 00:06:16,360 --> 00:06:20,480 Speaker 1: that fight see difficial. But if it's all gone, then yeah, 102 00:06:20,560 --> 00:06:24,360 Speaker 1: you're in big trouble. The claustradium comes in and finds 103 00:06:24,440 --> 00:06:26,840 Speaker 1: root and gives you a lot of problems and maybe 104 00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:29,200 Speaker 1: kills you. Yeah, it is is a big deal. Um. 105 00:06:29,240 --> 00:06:34,680 Speaker 1: Gastro Intestinal infections as a whole are way up these days. Um. 106 00:06:34,760 --> 00:06:38,640 Speaker 1: The death number doubled from two thousand seven and I 107 00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:41,960 Speaker 1: think more than seventeen thousand people a year in the 108 00:06:42,080 --> 00:06:48,760 Speaker 1: US die from uh, gastro intestinal infections. Yeah. U of 109 00:06:48,800 --> 00:06:53,320 Speaker 1: the gastro intestinal infection fatalities are in patients sixty five 110 00:06:53,360 --> 00:06:57,599 Speaker 1: and older. Sadly, Um, the next biggest age group is 111 00:06:57,720 --> 00:07:00,960 Speaker 1: five and under. Yeah, the only young. And it's a 112 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:03,480 Speaker 1: really nasty way to die. And two thirds of those 113 00:07:03,520 --> 00:07:06,800 Speaker 1: are the C differiceeals specifically, so, which is why they're 114 00:07:06,800 --> 00:07:09,360 Speaker 1: calling it an epidemic. Um. And the way you die 115 00:07:09,440 --> 00:07:14,680 Speaker 1: from this is you vomit and diarrhea so much that 116 00:07:14,800 --> 00:07:18,480 Speaker 1: you become dehydrated. When you become dehydrated, your electrolytes are 117 00:07:18,480 --> 00:07:21,560 Speaker 1: out of balance. The electrical system that keeps your heart 118 00:07:21,600 --> 00:07:23,800 Speaker 1: and rhythm malfunctions, so maybe you have a heart attack, 119 00:07:24,240 --> 00:07:28,320 Speaker 1: or you have a stroke, um or you uh go 120 00:07:28,400 --> 00:07:30,960 Speaker 1: into shock and die. Yeah, and even if you're young, 121 00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:33,840 Speaker 1: it's important to stay hydrated when you're sick like that. 122 00:07:33,960 --> 00:07:36,400 Speaker 1: Even if you have the stomach flu or something and 123 00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:38,880 Speaker 1: you're vomiting up stuff, you've got to try to at 124 00:07:38,920 --> 00:07:41,480 Speaker 1: least keep some water down. And if you can't, then 125 00:07:41,560 --> 00:07:44,320 Speaker 1: you should probably go to the hospital and have fluids 126 00:07:44,480 --> 00:07:48,640 Speaker 1: introduced intravenously. Yeah, it's not a bad idea, better safe 127 00:07:48,680 --> 00:07:52,360 Speaker 1: than sorry. I always keep an IVY in the trunk 128 00:07:52,360 --> 00:07:55,280 Speaker 1: of my car just in case I start to dehydrate. 129 00:07:55,400 --> 00:07:57,280 Speaker 1: So I think we've made the case that see different 130 00:07:57,280 --> 00:08:00,200 Speaker 1: seal is a big problem, right it is. And the 131 00:08:00,240 --> 00:08:03,880 Speaker 1: fact that it's they call it intractable, like it's just 132 00:08:03,960 --> 00:08:05,920 Speaker 1: really hard to get rid of. Even once you get 133 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:10,239 Speaker 1: rid of it, Um, there's like a relapse, right Yeah. 134 00:08:10,520 --> 00:08:13,280 Speaker 1: And um, when you're on antibiotics, you have a seven 135 00:08:13,360 --> 00:08:18,040 Speaker 1: to ten seven to ten time greater chance of contracting it. 136 00:08:18,800 --> 00:08:21,800 Speaker 1: And even two months after you finished the course of antibiotics, 137 00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:24,400 Speaker 1: you're still three times it's likely to contract this normal. 138 00:08:24,480 --> 00:08:26,400 Speaker 1: So you really want to stay away from the antibiotics 139 00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:28,840 Speaker 1: if at all possible. Yeah, of course, if you need them, 140 00:08:28,880 --> 00:08:31,280 Speaker 1: take them. We're not advising you to not take things 141 00:08:31,320 --> 00:08:33,360 Speaker 1: to make you better. But if you have the sniffles, 142 00:08:33,440 --> 00:08:35,800 Speaker 1: if you have like a nasal infection or something like 143 00:08:35,840 --> 00:08:38,679 Speaker 1: a sinus infection in then what they call them, you 144 00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:40,480 Speaker 1: kind of need to tough it out for the greater 145 00:08:40,520 --> 00:08:45,920 Speaker 1: good of humanity. All right, let's talk about bacteria and 146 00:08:46,160 --> 00:08:50,320 Speaker 1: what is called the micro biome. Uh, that is an 147 00:08:50,320 --> 00:08:55,280 Speaker 1: ecosystem in your body of little tiny bacteria, like a 148 00:08:55,360 --> 00:08:59,920 Speaker 1: hundred trillion bacteria in the human body doing all kinds 149 00:08:59,920 --> 00:09:02,920 Speaker 1: of good stuff. Yeah, and there's ten times the amount 150 00:09:02,960 --> 00:09:07,400 Speaker 1: of foreign bacterial cells in your body than your cells, 151 00:09:08,040 --> 00:09:11,839 Speaker 1: actual human cells, ten times more, and that's a good thing. 152 00:09:11,920 --> 00:09:16,080 Speaker 1: We've talked about good bacteria and bad bacteria before, and 153 00:09:16,520 --> 00:09:20,160 Speaker 1: probably the the monsters inside this thing, right, what was 154 00:09:20,200 --> 00:09:24,440 Speaker 1: that one? Yeah, probably digestive systems here that too. But 155 00:09:24,640 --> 00:09:27,800 Speaker 1: anyway to recap quickly, we have lots and lots and 156 00:09:27,840 --> 00:09:32,200 Speaker 1: lots of helpful bacteria, and there's a burgeoning field in medicine. 157 00:09:32,960 --> 00:09:35,760 Speaker 1: Some might call it a fringe on the fringe right now, 158 00:09:36,400 --> 00:09:39,520 Speaker 1: but um, it's called medical ecology, and it's kind of neat. 159 00:09:39,559 --> 00:09:43,600 Speaker 1: It's basically like, instead of going to war with your body, 160 00:09:43,720 --> 00:09:48,480 Speaker 1: they're saying you should be more like a gardener and 161 00:09:49,040 --> 00:09:53,440 Speaker 1: manage your body like a garden of all these live 162 00:09:53,640 --> 00:09:56,800 Speaker 1: things inside of you. Flora, bacterial, flora. You don't want 163 00:09:56,800 --> 00:09:59,160 Speaker 1: to kill these things, no, especially not the good ones. 164 00:09:59,200 --> 00:10:01,640 Speaker 1: And that's what we've been doing with antibiotics. We just 165 00:10:01,679 --> 00:10:05,079 Speaker 1: send something in there that kills everything that's right. Uh, 166 00:10:05,120 --> 00:10:06,960 Speaker 1: there's a really cool thing, have you heard the Human 167 00:10:07,120 --> 00:10:12,040 Speaker 1: Microbiome Project have. Um. This is based on examinations of 168 00:10:12,040 --> 00:10:15,840 Speaker 1: two forty two healthy folks that they've tracked for two years, 169 00:10:16,440 --> 00:10:21,040 Speaker 1: and they're basically sequencing genetic material of bacteria recovered from 170 00:10:21,080 --> 00:10:23,640 Speaker 1: sites on the body. And they've recovered more than five 171 00:10:23,679 --> 00:10:27,560 Speaker 1: million jeans at this point, so they're really like mapping 172 00:10:27,600 --> 00:10:30,800 Speaker 1: this stuff out for the next wave of medicine coming 173 00:10:30,840 --> 00:10:33,280 Speaker 1: through down right, Like, that's got to be a pretty 174 00:10:33,280 --> 00:10:38,320 Speaker 1: good first step toward tailoring medicine to avoid killing good stuff. Yeah, 175 00:10:38,320 --> 00:10:40,280 Speaker 1: and this goes along with your hygiene hypothesis that we 176 00:10:40,400 --> 00:10:43,400 Speaker 1: just talked about when we recorded yesterday and the five 177 00:10:43,440 --> 00:10:48,040 Speaker 1: second role, yeah, which is that's probably out already, right yeah, okay, Um, 178 00:10:48,200 --> 00:10:50,840 Speaker 1: but yeah, the hygiene hypothesis is that if you're exposed 179 00:10:50,880 --> 00:10:56,560 Speaker 1: to bacteria, you learned who your body, your microbiome begins 180 00:10:56,600 --> 00:11:02,079 Speaker 1: to include um bacteria that can defend against the bad stuff, 181 00:11:02,760 --> 00:11:04,679 Speaker 1: and so if you're exposed to it early on, you 182 00:11:04,760 --> 00:11:08,720 Speaker 1: have a greater advantage towards um being healthy as an adult, 183 00:11:08,960 --> 00:11:11,200 Speaker 1: having a fewer allergies, that kind of stuff. Have you 184 00:11:11,200 --> 00:11:13,280 Speaker 1: ever had a friend that had a kid that was 185 00:11:13,640 --> 00:11:17,720 Speaker 1: a little cookie with the bure l I've seen it, 186 00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:21,199 Speaker 1: like before you touch my baby here, scored scored, squored 187 00:11:21,240 --> 00:11:24,440 Speaker 1: all over you. Yeah, usually when the baby is very young, 188 00:11:25,160 --> 00:11:27,800 Speaker 1: although I also have friends that like won't touch babies 189 00:11:27,800 --> 00:11:31,520 Speaker 1: because they think they're just dirty. It's hilarious that we're 190 00:11:31,640 --> 00:11:34,000 Speaker 1: I was like, are you. I don't hold babies usually 191 00:11:34,040 --> 00:11:36,960 Speaker 1: because I'm afraid I'm gonna drop them. Um, And I 192 00:11:36,960 --> 00:11:39,960 Speaker 1: thought you just saying football, that's probably one of the problems. Well, 193 00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:43,560 Speaker 1: that's how you carry a baby. The doesn't rhyme go 194 00:11:44,040 --> 00:11:47,880 Speaker 1: facing the armpit, elbow, over the body, all the real 195 00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:51,319 Speaker 1: tight in run like hell, I think that is it. 196 00:11:51,520 --> 00:11:55,040 Speaker 1: I don't think so. I think you cradle and nuzzle. Um. Well, anyway, 197 00:11:55,040 --> 00:11:56,920 Speaker 1: I thought my friend was afraid of dropping the baby, 198 00:11:56,960 --> 00:11:58,480 Speaker 1: and he's like, no, I don't touch them because there's 199 00:11:58,480 --> 00:12:01,520 Speaker 1: just like bags of germs. All humans are filthy dirty, 200 00:12:01,679 --> 00:12:04,680 Speaker 1: and babies just don't appear that way because they haven't 201 00:12:04,720 --> 00:12:07,600 Speaker 1: been around long enough to stink really bad. You know, 202 00:12:07,640 --> 00:12:10,439 Speaker 1: they smell all downy sweet, and you just from the 203 00:12:10,520 --> 00:12:12,559 Speaker 1: day you're born, you start smelling worse and worse and 204 00:12:12,640 --> 00:12:15,200 Speaker 1: worse until the day you die. Have puppy breath to start. 205 00:12:15,320 --> 00:12:19,600 Speaker 1: I remember going, man, I remember my father's bathroom experience 206 00:12:19,600 --> 00:12:21,880 Speaker 1: as being a kid and being like, oh my lord, like, 207 00:12:22,760 --> 00:12:24,440 Speaker 1: am I going to smell that way one day? Yeah? 208 00:12:24,440 --> 00:12:27,200 Speaker 1: I remember that too, and then that mixed with like 209 00:12:27,880 --> 00:12:31,400 Speaker 1: shaving cream smell, and you don't like it now I 210 00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:54,439 Speaker 1: smell that way. I know you don't. You smell fine. 211 00:12:56,040 --> 00:13:00,520 Speaker 1: Uh So back to bacteria. Um. If we're talking about 212 00:13:00,679 --> 00:13:02,920 Speaker 1: millions and millions and millions of these in our body, 213 00:13:03,120 --> 00:13:07,600 Speaker 1: um our mouth has hundreds of thousands of bacteria species, 214 00:13:07,800 --> 00:13:10,439 Speaker 1: not just bacteria and they are in our teeth and 215 00:13:10,480 --> 00:13:12,640 Speaker 1: our gums, on our tongue. There in our lungs, which 216 00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:14,640 Speaker 1: we didn't think we used to have them in our lungs. 217 00:13:15,000 --> 00:13:19,240 Speaker 1: Apparently there's two thousand per square centimeter. And uh, the 218 00:13:19,280 --> 00:13:22,920 Speaker 1: gut is where you're gonna find some serious action to 219 00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:26,199 Speaker 1: thirty thousand different species of bacteria. Yeah, and they live 220 00:13:26,200 --> 00:13:33,480 Speaker 1: in colonies. Were starting to learn colonies, Um, where they they. 221 00:13:33,520 --> 00:13:35,520 Speaker 1: I guess bacteria kind of likes to stay with their 222 00:13:35,520 --> 00:13:37,959 Speaker 1: own ilk. And if you put it all together, you've 223 00:13:37,960 --> 00:13:41,160 Speaker 1: got like a whole neighborhood of bacteria. But um, I 224 00:13:42,080 --> 00:13:44,320 Speaker 1: am pretty confident. And once we start to figure out 225 00:13:44,360 --> 00:13:46,680 Speaker 1: like this colony tends to live in this part of 226 00:13:46,679 --> 00:13:49,120 Speaker 1: the body, and this colony lives here, I'll bet it 227 00:13:49,120 --> 00:13:52,360 Speaker 1: helps things function more correctly. And if you move colonies around, 228 00:13:52,400 --> 00:13:57,480 Speaker 1: I'll bet you you find dysfunction, life balance or not life. Well, 229 00:13:57,480 --> 00:14:00,000 Speaker 1: I think that's all the reasons why it's still free. 230 00:14:00,080 --> 00:14:02,920 Speaker 1: G Like you you you you just kind of put 231 00:14:02,920 --> 00:14:06,320 Speaker 1: your finger on it, like there's balance and all that too, 232 00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:09,000 Speaker 1: but esoteric, right, But as as you and I know, 233 00:14:09,240 --> 00:14:12,680 Speaker 1: homeostasis is the goal of everything that's right. We've talked 234 00:14:12,679 --> 00:14:14,560 Speaker 1: about it before. So you've got in your mouth, you've 235 00:14:14,559 --> 00:14:18,120 Speaker 1: got bacteria in your guts, and I mean, I think 236 00:14:18,120 --> 00:14:22,680 Speaker 1: the fact that bacteria have more cells in our bodies 237 00:14:22,680 --> 00:14:26,000 Speaker 1: than we do kind of supports this idea that um 238 00:14:26,080 --> 00:14:30,000 Speaker 1: Nicholas Gerbis Gerbis pointed out is that bacteria probably the 239 00:14:30,040 --> 00:14:33,040 Speaker 1: most successful life forms on planet Earth. Yeah. What are 240 00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:37,320 Speaker 1: these guys doing? Oh well, they are breaking down things 241 00:14:37,400 --> 00:14:40,440 Speaker 1: and too other things. They break down nitrogen into the 242 00:14:40,520 --> 00:14:43,520 Speaker 1: in the soil to make it absorbable for plants. They 243 00:14:43,520 --> 00:14:46,720 Speaker 1: produce vitamins in your gut. Yeah, bacteria do. Yeah, how 244 00:14:46,720 --> 00:14:51,120 Speaker 1: about that? They produce oxygen that we breathe. There's waste processes. 245 00:14:51,320 --> 00:14:57,200 Speaker 1: They help maintain your protective qualities of your skin, which 246 00:14:57,240 --> 00:15:00,600 Speaker 1: is nice. They those plants, they kind of they turn 247 00:15:00,640 --> 00:15:03,440 Speaker 1: the tables on those plants. They break down nitrogen the 248 00:15:03,480 --> 00:15:05,960 Speaker 1: soil four plants to take up, and then when we 249 00:15:06,040 --> 00:15:08,240 Speaker 1: eat the plants, they break the plants down into a 250 00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:13,400 Speaker 1: digestible slurry grass. What's it called bolus time? I think 251 00:15:13,800 --> 00:15:19,160 Speaker 1: time time than bolus time. They also help prevent, prevent 252 00:15:19,200 --> 00:15:21,560 Speaker 1: and reduced swelling, which is a big deal because swelling 253 00:15:22,560 --> 00:15:27,000 Speaker 1: can be one of the danger factors if you're sick 254 00:15:27,160 --> 00:15:30,520 Speaker 1: or injured. A lot of times people die simply because 255 00:15:31,320 --> 00:15:34,360 Speaker 1: they can't get the swelling down in order to perform 256 00:15:34,560 --> 00:15:37,160 Speaker 1: procedures they need to perform. So thank you back Terry 257 00:15:37,280 --> 00:15:39,440 Speaker 1: for helping with that. Um. And then we were talking 258 00:15:39,480 --> 00:15:43,640 Speaker 1: about babies to chuck, Um, if you wouldn't hold the baby, 259 00:15:43,680 --> 00:15:46,200 Speaker 1: then you probably shouldn't like shake hands with the baby's mother, 260 00:15:46,280 --> 00:15:48,880 Speaker 1: because that's where the baby gets most of his or 261 00:15:48,880 --> 00:15:52,840 Speaker 1: her initial bacteria's from the mother. There's about six hundred 262 00:15:52,920 --> 00:15:57,840 Speaker 1: different species found in breast milk. Um. The sugars and 263 00:15:57,880 --> 00:16:02,600 Speaker 1: breast milk go directly towards motivating bacteria in the baby's gut. Yeah. 264 00:16:03,040 --> 00:16:09,040 Speaker 1: There's a change in um, the vaginal microbiome, Yeah, where 265 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:12,720 Speaker 1: they think that possibly the baby is basically coated in 266 00:16:12,760 --> 00:16:17,000 Speaker 1: this upon entry into the world. Yeah. That's called Lactobacillus 267 00:16:17,160 --> 00:16:22,720 Speaker 1: john sony. And that is present when you're pregnant and 268 00:16:22,840 --> 00:16:27,320 Speaker 1: you're vaginal micro biome, right, and they think that you 269 00:16:27,480 --> 00:16:29,080 Speaker 1: get coated on the way out. Yeah, And then all 270 00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:31,880 Speaker 1: of a sudden you're like, Okay, I've got some defenses here, 271 00:16:32,480 --> 00:16:34,480 Speaker 1: and these guys are going to be my friends for 272 00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:37,520 Speaker 1: the rest of my life. Well, the lacto basilus actually 273 00:16:37,560 --> 00:16:41,480 Speaker 1: helps them digest the milk. So um, little little babies 274 00:16:41,520 --> 00:16:44,280 Speaker 1: that come out. That's why they say, if you're born 275 00:16:44,360 --> 00:16:48,000 Speaker 1: in a cesarean fashion, then you might not have what 276 00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:50,800 Speaker 1: you need to digest the milk. You might have problems there, 277 00:16:51,200 --> 00:16:56,440 Speaker 1: you might have uh fewer defenses against IBD, inflammatory bowe 278 00:16:56,480 --> 00:17:01,880 Speaker 1: disease and um what else Merca staph infection. Well, yeah, 279 00:17:01,960 --> 00:17:05,960 Speaker 1: that skin. They think that there's studies that suggest that 280 00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:09,439 Speaker 1: you're more prone to Merca infections on the skin. UM. 281 00:17:09,480 --> 00:17:14,080 Speaker 1: This is still very much under debate, huge debate between 282 00:17:14,280 --> 00:17:18,840 Speaker 1: cesarean and natural birth stuff. It's like a hornet's nest man. 283 00:17:19,240 --> 00:17:21,639 Speaker 1: But they think that you know, there there is a 284 00:17:21,640 --> 00:17:27,800 Speaker 1: definite link they imagine between amritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory 285 00:17:27,800 --> 00:17:32,439 Speaker 1: bowel disorder sorry UM, which includes like Crohn's disease and 286 00:17:32,520 --> 00:17:35,400 Speaker 1: all sort of colitis um. And it's a big deal. 287 00:17:35,760 --> 00:17:38,080 Speaker 1: You can lose parts of your intestines, you can die, 288 00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:41,400 Speaker 1: you can become malnourished UM. And there's like a one 289 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:47,240 Speaker 1: point seven billion dollar expense in healthcare just from inflammatory 290 00:17:47,240 --> 00:17:51,240 Speaker 1: bowel disorder alone in the US. UM. And they believe 291 00:17:51,280 --> 00:17:55,199 Speaker 1: that that's linked to some sort of problem with bacteria 292 00:17:55,280 --> 00:17:59,960 Speaker 1: in the guts. So all of this small talk about 293 00:18:00,040 --> 00:18:03,840 Speaker 1: bacteria has been leading to the setup of this podcast, 294 00:18:04,200 --> 00:18:09,200 Speaker 1: which is drinking the poop shake. Yeah, the fecal transplant, 295 00:18:10,240 --> 00:18:12,080 Speaker 1: and they call it a transplant, and it makes it 296 00:18:12,160 --> 00:18:17,320 Speaker 1: sound a little more like a medical procedure than I 297 00:18:17,359 --> 00:18:21,080 Speaker 1: thought it was. Uh. There's no cutting, there's no laser ing, 298 00:18:21,640 --> 00:18:25,520 Speaker 1: there's nothing like that. Um, this has been practiced. Something 299 00:18:25,560 --> 00:18:28,919 Speaker 1: like this has been around since fourth century China. I 300 00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:31,400 Speaker 1: was looking. I couldn't find anything on that. Could you 301 00:18:31,119 --> 00:18:35,400 Speaker 1: really now, I couldn't. We should email the author here. Um. 302 00:18:35,440 --> 00:18:38,600 Speaker 1: But it has been around in earnest since n Dr 303 00:18:38,640 --> 00:18:45,320 Speaker 1: Ben Eisenman UH from Denver General Hospital pioneered this. Uh. 304 00:18:45,520 --> 00:18:48,879 Speaker 1: I guess it's a procedure. I was gonna say technique. Um, 305 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:52,040 Speaker 1: And it really didn't come around in earnest until about 306 00:18:52,040 --> 00:18:56,760 Speaker 1: two thousand. So here's how it works. You're donor gets 307 00:18:56,800 --> 00:19:01,920 Speaker 1: screened for hepatide us in HIV and other disease causing 308 00:19:01,960 --> 00:19:04,919 Speaker 1: germs that you don't want. They take the stool of 309 00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:09,960 Speaker 1: the donor poop poop, they blend it um with saline 310 00:19:10,240 --> 00:19:13,720 Speaker 1: or this is so gross. Four percent milk in a 311 00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:17,639 Speaker 1: medical blender. Yeah, sure, it's not that Queason art. I 312 00:19:17,680 --> 00:19:20,160 Speaker 1: bet it is a Queason art sense that you would 313 00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:22,840 Speaker 1: use milk if you want to propagate moss on something. 314 00:19:23,600 --> 00:19:25,760 Speaker 1: A little bit of buttermilk, a little bit of um 315 00:19:25,760 --> 00:19:29,680 Speaker 1: sugar in a and just take some moss and throw 316 00:19:29,720 --> 00:19:32,800 Speaker 1: it in a blender altogether, press, blend, take it and 317 00:19:32,800 --> 00:19:35,640 Speaker 1: painted on whatever you want. It's right and it will grow. 318 00:19:35,920 --> 00:19:39,480 Speaker 1: See our moss podcast for that one. Yeah. Uh. So basically, 319 00:19:39,560 --> 00:19:42,719 Speaker 1: you have the stool sample of the poop four percent 320 00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:47,880 Speaker 1: milk and in milkshake machine and you mix it up 321 00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:50,920 Speaker 1: and you feed it to the patient through Uh, you 322 00:19:50,960 --> 00:19:53,960 Speaker 1: don't have to drink it. No, there's different ways to 323 00:19:54,040 --> 00:19:57,000 Speaker 1: introduce it, but one of them it does end up 324 00:19:57,040 --> 00:19:59,600 Speaker 1: in your stomach, and I don't understand how you don't 325 00:19:59,640 --> 00:20:02,040 Speaker 1: just in immediately throw it right back up. All right. 326 00:20:02,080 --> 00:20:04,480 Speaker 1: So the two methods um that Josh will explain are 327 00:20:04,560 --> 00:20:08,919 Speaker 1: nassa gastric and nasso duodenal. Yeah, we never figured that 328 00:20:08,920 --> 00:20:12,720 Speaker 1: one out in our Digestive episode the remember they duodenum 329 00:20:13,240 --> 00:20:17,320 Speaker 1: duodenum um. Yeah, Well that's a tube that goes through 330 00:20:17,320 --> 00:20:19,800 Speaker 1: your nose and if it's naso gastric it ends in 331 00:20:19,840 --> 00:20:23,240 Speaker 1: your stomach, which means you have poop going directly into 332 00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:25,960 Speaker 1: your stomach. And don't think that four percent milk makes 333 00:20:25,960 --> 00:20:28,560 Speaker 1: it any easier to take through your nose, through your 334 00:20:28,560 --> 00:20:33,680 Speaker 1: throat into your stomach. Or the nasal duodenum goes through 335 00:20:33,720 --> 00:20:36,680 Speaker 1: your nose into your stomach and then into your intestine, 336 00:20:36,720 --> 00:20:40,439 Speaker 1: so it bypasses your stomach and it goes directly to 337 00:20:40,520 --> 00:20:45,600 Speaker 1: where you want it. The intestines. Wow when that. You 338 00:20:45,640 --> 00:20:50,439 Speaker 1: can also do a a an enema that's designed to 339 00:20:50,520 --> 00:20:56,159 Speaker 1: stay in rather than flush back out. Um enema. Yeah, 340 00:20:56,200 --> 00:20:57,840 Speaker 1: what do you think? I say, I don't know. I 341 00:20:57,920 --> 00:21:00,359 Speaker 1: just they should call the other ones out of us, 342 00:21:00,359 --> 00:21:05,240 Speaker 1: I guess. Or a kolonoscope, not a kaleidoscope, although that 343 00:21:05,240 --> 00:21:08,640 Speaker 1: would work if you turned it around and I guess 344 00:21:08,680 --> 00:21:11,400 Speaker 1: broke all the glass out ahead of time. Is there 345 00:21:11,440 --> 00:21:14,879 Speaker 1: just be like a funnel. Then that's true. Um. But 346 00:21:15,040 --> 00:21:18,080 Speaker 1: the point is that you have someone else's poop, a 347 00:21:18,080 --> 00:21:21,600 Speaker 1: healthier person's poop, in your stomach, and they expect that 348 00:21:21,720 --> 00:21:26,320 Speaker 1: about of the living bacteria found in that poop is 349 00:21:26,359 --> 00:21:29,240 Speaker 1: going to stick around and you're intestines, what you're doing. 350 00:21:29,280 --> 00:21:32,760 Speaker 1: The whole point of a fecal transplant is to repopulate 351 00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:36,800 Speaker 1: your gut flora so that your immune system can get 352 00:21:36,800 --> 00:21:39,480 Speaker 1: back in order. The best way they thought about to 353 00:21:39,520 --> 00:21:43,480 Speaker 1: do it. Yeah, they have. They have another cocktail that 354 00:21:43,560 --> 00:21:46,280 Speaker 1: they're working on, which is just a bunch of like 355 00:21:47,359 --> 00:21:49,200 Speaker 1: bacteria that I guess you could take as a pill. 356 00:21:49,960 --> 00:21:56,440 Speaker 1: But man, this works. Yeah, it seems to UM. One 357 00:21:56,440 --> 00:21:59,160 Speaker 1: of the stats we have here is that people who 358 00:21:59,160 --> 00:22:02,359 Speaker 1: have undergone this and it's still well, we'll get to help. 359 00:22:02,440 --> 00:22:06,560 Speaker 1: Often it's practice here in a second but UM one 360 00:22:06,680 --> 00:22:09,600 Speaker 1: study found that long term follow up, seventy seven fecal 361 00:22:09,680 --> 00:22:14,280 Speaker 1: transplant patients reported a CURATE after just one of these 362 00:22:14,800 --> 00:22:20,120 Speaker 1: and percent uh if you married that with additional probiotics 363 00:22:20,119 --> 00:22:24,040 Speaker 1: and antibotics and or an additional poop jake right for 364 00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:28,120 Speaker 1: c deficial. Yeah, that's percent. That's awesome. I don't think 365 00:22:28,119 --> 00:22:30,520 Speaker 1: that there's anything that has that kind of success rate. 366 00:22:31,680 --> 00:22:35,920 Speaker 1: Maybe aspirin maybe so. But yeah, it's definitely been shown 367 00:22:35,960 --> 00:22:39,280 Speaker 1: to work. And you know it is fringe, but you 368 00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:43,280 Speaker 1: can still get it done in hospitals. That's where you 369 00:22:43,280 --> 00:22:44,760 Speaker 1: want to do it. Yeah, you don't want to do 370 00:22:44,800 --> 00:22:47,240 Speaker 1: this at home. This is not UM. In fact, a 371 00:22:47,240 --> 00:22:49,600 Speaker 1: couple of the best sentences in this article or in 372 00:22:49,640 --> 00:22:52,760 Speaker 1: this section. First of all, the preparation you prepare like 373 00:22:52,800 --> 00:22:55,639 Speaker 1: you would for a colonoscopy. But as our who's who 374 00:22:55,640 --> 00:22:59,320 Speaker 1: who wrote this again, Nicholas gerbis Gurbus Gerbas put it 375 00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:02,760 Speaker 1: this way, Nikki G. Nikki G says, the patient prepares 376 00:23:02,800 --> 00:23:06,160 Speaker 1: for the procedure via the traditional taking no prisoners date 377 00:23:06,200 --> 00:23:09,840 Speaker 1: with the thunderbucket ritual used by colonoscopy patients. Yeah. He 378 00:23:09,880 --> 00:23:14,280 Speaker 1: went from like science writer, science writer, science writer, Mad magazine. Yeah. 379 00:23:15,520 --> 00:23:17,399 Speaker 1: And then he also says, uh, this is not a 380 00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:20,760 Speaker 1: great dy project because stool is a level to bio 381 00:23:20,800 --> 00:23:24,800 Speaker 1: hazard number two, if you don't test the samples for disease, 382 00:23:24,880 --> 00:23:27,760 Speaker 1: you could end up in pain. And then third, remind 383 00:23:27,840 --> 00:23:30,080 Speaker 1: us never to drink a frozen margharita at your house. 384 00:23:31,080 --> 00:23:33,520 Speaker 1: He just went like funny for one paragraph and then 385 00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:36,280 Speaker 1: right back to the business. Right. Well, Um, he says 386 00:23:36,359 --> 00:23:39,560 Speaker 1: that you want to screen the stool that you're putting 387 00:23:39,600 --> 00:23:45,800 Speaker 1: into the patient, and um insurance doesn't cover this, not yet, no, 388 00:23:45,920 --> 00:23:47,960 Speaker 1: but they think it will as early as this year, 389 00:23:48,160 --> 00:23:52,280 Speaker 1: earlier this year, soon early, um. But even still it's 390 00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:55,320 Speaker 1: not very cost prohibitive. It's about a thousand dollars. I 391 00:23:55,320 --> 00:23:58,240 Speaker 1: saw there's a hospital in Madison, Wisconsin that does it. 392 00:23:59,400 --> 00:24:02,119 Speaker 1: That's pretty it's not bad. And most of that cost 393 00:24:02,280 --> 00:24:05,320 Speaker 1: is for screening the stool for disease. I thought it 394 00:24:05,320 --> 00:24:08,879 Speaker 1: had been the milk or yeah, or pressing them blend 395 00:24:08,920 --> 00:24:16,600 Speaker 1: buttons right, or holding your breath all the nose clips. Um. 396 00:24:16,680 --> 00:24:19,399 Speaker 1: So uh. One of the interesting things you're moving forward 397 00:24:19,480 --> 00:24:21,200 Speaker 1: is how this is going to be, like you said, 398 00:24:21,200 --> 00:24:23,679 Speaker 1: affect insurance, and how it's going to be classified if 399 00:24:23,720 --> 00:24:28,359 Speaker 1: it if and when it becomes like super legit because um, 400 00:24:28,400 --> 00:24:31,880 Speaker 1: what is on the horizon is that the f d 401 00:24:31,920 --> 00:24:36,520 Speaker 1: A has declared feces a drug in this case because 402 00:24:36,560 --> 00:24:38,680 Speaker 1: it's being used as a drug in a way, it's 403 00:24:38,680 --> 00:24:41,480 Speaker 1: already a class to biohazard right. So now it's a 404 00:24:41,520 --> 00:24:44,720 Speaker 1: class to biohazard drug according to the FDA, which means 405 00:24:45,200 --> 00:24:47,840 Speaker 1: which is good because that means it's on the way 406 00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:53,439 Speaker 1: to becoming um investigational status. Right. Do you remember with 407 00:24:53,560 --> 00:24:57,240 Speaker 1: the Dog Show episode where we were talking about how 408 00:24:57,520 --> 00:25:00,919 Speaker 1: there's the um other bre I can't remember what it 409 00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:02,520 Speaker 1: was called, but it was like a breed that didn't 410 00:25:02,520 --> 00:25:06,960 Speaker 1: fit in anything else. Miscellaneous maybe and um, that's how 411 00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:10,320 Speaker 1: the a k C begins to recognize a breed like 412 00:25:10,359 --> 00:25:13,280 Speaker 1: at first places it in this miscellaneous. I get the 413 00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:16,000 Speaker 1: impression that this is the same process the FDA is saying, 414 00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:19,040 Speaker 1: like that's a drug, and by doing so, we're halting 415 00:25:19,400 --> 00:25:22,000 Speaker 1: all of this stuff. You can't just do it any longer, 416 00:25:22,119 --> 00:25:24,400 Speaker 1: really nearly, like now there's a law attached to it. 417 00:25:24,600 --> 00:25:27,920 Speaker 1: But we're also classifying is something that we officially recognize 418 00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:32,240 Speaker 1: that you can now apply for funding to study and say, 419 00:25:32,359 --> 00:25:34,320 Speaker 1: the FDA recognizes this is a drug. We want to 420 00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:37,000 Speaker 1: understand it better, so give us some money. So interesting, though, 421 00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:39,040 Speaker 1: how are they going to regulate like this is a 422 00:25:39,119 --> 00:25:41,879 Speaker 1: drug that is poop? How are they going to regulate that? 423 00:25:41,920 --> 00:25:44,320 Speaker 1: As far as I mean, because we should point out 424 00:25:44,359 --> 00:25:47,320 Speaker 1: that most of the time the donor is a family member, 425 00:25:47,359 --> 00:25:50,000 Speaker 1: family or um. But it doesn't have to be or 426 00:25:50,040 --> 00:25:52,760 Speaker 1: even a blood match. But I think because you share 427 00:25:52,800 --> 00:25:55,880 Speaker 1: the same environment, you're probably likelier to have a similar 428 00:25:55,960 --> 00:25:59,280 Speaker 1: gut for I think it's probably has to do with 429 00:25:59,320 --> 00:26:01,480 Speaker 1: it just being so east dude, don't you think maybe 430 00:26:01,480 --> 00:26:03,240 Speaker 1: because you don't want to just take some random person's 431 00:26:03,240 --> 00:26:07,200 Speaker 1: poop and drink it. See. The thing is is I'd 432 00:26:07,200 --> 00:26:11,120 Speaker 1: almost rather have a stranger's poop because like what if 433 00:26:11,359 --> 00:26:13,200 Speaker 1: you know, what if I were doing this and like 434 00:26:14,160 --> 00:26:17,840 Speaker 1: the donors like just staring at you, like my poop 435 00:26:17,960 --> 00:26:21,280 Speaker 1: is going in your stomach right now? Is a random 436 00:26:21,320 --> 00:26:26,639 Speaker 1: stranger you can't do that. Talk about surgical theater. Um. 437 00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:29,320 Speaker 1: So yeah, it's gonna be really interesting how they move 438 00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:34,840 Speaker 1: forward with this. UM. But like we said, huge results, um. 439 00:26:34,880 --> 00:26:39,040 Speaker 1: And according to the cdc C difficial kills fourteen thousand 440 00:26:39,080 --> 00:26:43,080 Speaker 1: people annually. So, um, it's a big problem. And they 441 00:26:43,119 --> 00:26:47,840 Speaker 1: second help with metabolic syndrome maybe. Yeah. So metabolic syndrome 442 00:26:47,880 --> 00:26:52,280 Speaker 1: is a collection of risk factors like UM insulin resistance, 443 00:26:52,640 --> 00:26:55,800 Speaker 1: having a lot of weight around the middle UM, and 444 00:26:55,920 --> 00:27:00,679 Speaker 1: basically it adds up to a higher risk for UM 445 00:27:00,840 --> 00:27:07,359 Speaker 1: type two diabetes UM, coronary artery disease stroke yeah, stroke. UM. 446 00:27:07,440 --> 00:27:13,440 Speaker 1: And they've found that uh poop transplant can actually can 447 00:27:13,480 --> 00:27:16,960 Speaker 1: actually reverse the course of this disorder. They found this 448 00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:19,400 Speaker 1: in mice, right. Yeah. They think that um, what it's 449 00:27:19,440 --> 00:27:22,840 Speaker 1: going on is that them it would it improves your 450 00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:26,879 Speaker 1: insulin sensitivity, reduces triglycerat levels, and they think that it 451 00:27:26,920 --> 00:27:31,160 Speaker 1: has to do with the way that you metabolize sugars. Wow. 452 00:27:31,320 --> 00:27:34,560 Speaker 1: And they also found in rats that if you take 453 00:27:34,920 --> 00:27:39,240 Speaker 1: the poop from a lean rat and transfer it to 454 00:27:39,359 --> 00:27:43,120 Speaker 1: an obese rat, the obese rat loses weight, no other 455 00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:47,320 Speaker 1: interventions whatsoever, all just from a poop transplant. And again 456 00:27:47,359 --> 00:27:49,480 Speaker 1: they think it has to do with the way that um, 457 00:27:49,560 --> 00:27:54,160 Speaker 1: the bacterial colonies, um, help us digest flute food, help 458 00:27:54,280 --> 00:27:58,399 Speaker 1: us absorb nutrients. UM. So who knows, like poop transplants 459 00:27:58,400 --> 00:28:01,160 Speaker 1: could be the weight loss wave of the future. Well, 460 00:28:01,160 --> 00:28:05,600 Speaker 1: they definitely know that the bacteria in a uh, skinny 461 00:28:05,600 --> 00:28:08,360 Speaker 1: person's gut is different than an obese person's cut and humans, 462 00:28:08,480 --> 00:28:11,560 Speaker 1: so there could be something that um. And we're like, 463 00:28:11,600 --> 00:28:14,359 Speaker 1: we're just now beginning to wrap our heads around the 464 00:28:14,440 --> 00:28:17,800 Speaker 1: idea that like the gut, there's something there. Um. There's 465 00:28:17,840 --> 00:28:22,840 Speaker 1: this thing called the enteric nervous system uh. And it's 466 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:26,359 Speaker 1: basically your lower brain and it's located in your intestines. 467 00:28:26,440 --> 00:28:29,399 Speaker 1: Your intestines have a sheath of neurons, but a hundred 468 00:28:29,400 --> 00:28:32,679 Speaker 1: million neurons, which is as many neurons as in the 469 00:28:32,680 --> 00:28:34,840 Speaker 1: heads of a hundred and five bees, by the way, 470 00:28:35,480 --> 00:28:38,520 Speaker 1: but that's more than like your your parasympathetic nervous system 471 00:28:38,600 --> 00:28:41,640 Speaker 1: has and the vagus nerve. Do you remember we were 472 00:28:41,640 --> 00:28:45,680 Speaker 1: talking about orgasms, UM, and women can still women who 473 00:28:45,680 --> 00:28:49,640 Speaker 1: are paralyzed can still have orgasms because the vegas nerve 474 00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:53,360 Speaker 1: goes around the spinal column directly from the from like 475 00:28:53,440 --> 00:28:56,200 Speaker 1: the pubic area the gut to the brain. Well, they 476 00:28:56,200 --> 00:28:59,640 Speaker 1: found that nine of transmissions in the vegas nerve go 477 00:28:59,720 --> 00:29:01,920 Speaker 1: from the gut to the brain rather than vice versa. 478 00:29:02,320 --> 00:29:05,360 Speaker 1: They're also figuring out that neurotransmitters, a lot of them 479 00:29:05,440 --> 00:29:09,600 Speaker 1: are produced in the gut. All of our serotonin is 480 00:29:09,600 --> 00:29:13,360 Speaker 1: found in our gut UM, so there's definitely something going on. 481 00:29:13,440 --> 00:29:17,440 Speaker 1: They're like, well, yeah, it's this second brain developed to 482 00:29:18,040 --> 00:29:20,320 Speaker 1: carry out digestion and all this stuff independent of the 483 00:29:20,360 --> 00:29:23,040 Speaker 1: brains of the brain can do other stuff. But scientists 484 00:29:23,080 --> 00:29:26,000 Speaker 1: are also saying, like, what we're looking at is way 485 00:29:26,040 --> 00:29:30,680 Speaker 1: too complex to just be dealing with digestion, UM, So 486 00:29:30,720 --> 00:29:33,200 Speaker 1: what else is there? Now they're starting to figure out like, oh, 487 00:29:33,240 --> 00:29:37,120 Speaker 1: there's neurotransmitters, there's a lot of smarts in this gut brain, 488 00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:40,400 Speaker 1: and they're linking it to things like Parkinson's has been 489 00:29:40,440 --> 00:29:44,560 Speaker 1: linked to autism spectrum disorder UM. They're starting to figure out, 490 00:29:44,560 --> 00:29:46,560 Speaker 1: like we need to pay more attention to what's going 491 00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:49,800 Speaker 1: on with these microbes in this gut because there's definitely 492 00:29:49,840 --> 00:29:53,240 Speaker 1: something here and I feel like this medical ecology thing, 493 00:29:53,440 --> 00:29:56,040 Speaker 1: it would be a big revolution in science. I think 494 00:29:56,040 --> 00:29:58,680 Speaker 1: they're onto something for sure. So I'm sure it'll get 495 00:29:59,520 --> 00:30:02,760 Speaker 1: more prop or funding as it gets more legit, and 496 00:30:02,960 --> 00:30:04,120 Speaker 1: at d A I'll have a lot to do with that. 497 00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:06,000 Speaker 1: I have a feeling this is going to become too 498 00:30:06,040 --> 00:30:09,600 Speaker 1: legit to quit in very short order. Boop shakes all around. 499 00:30:15,320 --> 00:30:34,920 Speaker 1: M Ah, you got anything else, sir? Do you want 500 00:30:34,960 --> 00:30:39,280 Speaker 1: to say fecal transplant one more time? Fecal transplant? If 501 00:30:39,320 --> 00:30:41,640 Speaker 1: you want to learn more about fecal transplants, you can 502 00:30:41,680 --> 00:30:45,360 Speaker 1: type those words into the search part how stuffork dot com. 503 00:30:45,360 --> 00:30:49,080 Speaker 1: And it's time now. If for you're listening, Mai, Josh, 504 00:30:49,120 --> 00:30:53,040 Speaker 1: I'm gonna call this uh condoms in the River. Oh man, 505 00:30:53,080 --> 00:30:56,040 Speaker 1: I know who this one? This one's mind blowing. Did 506 00:30:56,080 --> 00:30:58,800 Speaker 1: you read this one? Yeah? Um, guy's been an avid 507 00:30:58,840 --> 00:31:01,840 Speaker 1: listener for some time. I came aboard around Afprodisiacs, got 508 00:31:01,840 --> 00:31:05,120 Speaker 1: booked and listened to the entire catalog. Josh, you requested 509 00:31:05,160 --> 00:31:08,280 Speaker 1: any info to make sense about the ubiquity of condoms 510 00:31:08,360 --> 00:31:10,720 Speaker 1: on New York City streets. While I can't shed light 511 00:31:10,760 --> 00:31:12,680 Speaker 1: on how they got there, I can share with you 512 00:31:12,720 --> 00:31:15,959 Speaker 1: some first MD experience what happens to them from that point. 513 00:31:16,360 --> 00:31:18,880 Speaker 1: I'm a sailboat captain for the sail uh for a 514 00:31:18,920 --> 00:31:21,360 Speaker 1: sail training and charter company on the Hudson River, and 515 00:31:21,400 --> 00:31:23,280 Speaker 1: I learned very quickly after starting to work here that 516 00:31:23,360 --> 00:31:26,640 Speaker 1: you don't touch the river water right after it rains. 517 00:31:27,360 --> 00:31:29,800 Speaker 1: This is because the New York City sewage system is 518 00:31:29,840 --> 00:31:32,360 Speaker 1: so old that the rain water from storm drains and 519 00:31:32,440 --> 00:31:35,200 Speaker 1: raw sewage are mixed together and treated by one system. 520 00:31:35,240 --> 00:31:37,360 Speaker 1: When we get a lot of rain, that system is 521 00:31:37,400 --> 00:31:41,200 Speaker 1: overwhelmed and the overflow is released untreated into the surrounding 522 00:31:41,240 --> 00:31:45,000 Speaker 1: bodies of water, including the Hudson River. Now, after a 523 00:31:45,040 --> 00:31:47,480 Speaker 1: long rain, you'd expect to find what I suppose you'd 524 00:31:47,480 --> 00:31:51,040 Speaker 1: call a representative sample of condoms among the floating garbage. 525 00:31:51,480 --> 00:31:55,080 Speaker 1: But I'm still trying to figure out why condoms represent 526 00:31:55,160 --> 00:32:00,080 Speaker 1: a grossly disproportionate percentage of the overall floating trash. It 527 00:32:00,120 --> 00:32:04,720 Speaker 1: should be Dorrito's bag, condom, McDonald straw, Yo play light, 528 00:32:04,760 --> 00:32:09,680 Speaker 1: and fit cup condom is actually condom condom condom Spiderman 529 00:32:09,720 --> 00:32:15,120 Speaker 1: action figure underneath the condom condom condom dead rat. The 530 00:32:15,200 --> 00:32:18,200 Speaker 1: situation is disturbing enough on its own, but I teach 531 00:32:18,240 --> 00:32:21,200 Speaker 1: a kid's sailing camp during the summer as well, and 532 00:32:21,200 --> 00:32:24,560 Speaker 1: the younger kids inevitably asked me what all those white 533 00:32:24,560 --> 00:32:28,600 Speaker 1: things are, and I just say, those are Coney Island whitefish. 534 00:32:28,640 --> 00:32:31,600 Speaker 1: And we had someone else right in that called Coney 535 00:32:31,640 --> 00:32:34,400 Speaker 1: Island whitefish, so I guess this is what they're called. Okay, 536 00:32:34,640 --> 00:32:37,000 Speaker 1: not in what if He's like, those are French letters. 537 00:32:39,200 --> 00:32:41,120 Speaker 1: Uh so those are cony and whitefish, and then I 538 00:32:41,160 --> 00:32:43,840 Speaker 1: walk away without further explanation. It's best. That's the best 539 00:32:43,840 --> 00:32:46,280 Speaker 1: way I can think of to avoid further questions from 540 00:32:46,320 --> 00:32:50,720 Speaker 1: the kids and potential lawsuits from parents. Other things I've 541 00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:52,760 Speaker 1: seen come up from the Hudson River, in case you're curious, 542 00:32:52,760 --> 00:32:57,280 Speaker 1: include mating crabs, a sunburned pig, an entire telephone pole 543 00:32:57,400 --> 00:33:01,360 Speaker 1: in three Dead Bodies. That's disturbing, and as Jonathan actor, singer, 544 00:33:01,400 --> 00:33:04,520 Speaker 1: sailor and speed dating host, I know this guy is 545 00:33:04,600 --> 00:33:08,040 Speaker 1: quite a renaissance dude. Yeah, thank you, Jonathan. Uh if 546 00:33:08,160 --> 00:33:12,840 Speaker 1: you have any awesome incredible stories. We want to hear 547 00:33:12,920 --> 00:33:15,920 Speaker 1: them um, whether they pertain to the podcast or not. 548 00:33:21,760 --> 00:33:24,240 Speaker 1: For more on this and thousands of other topics, is It, 549 00:33:24,320 --> 00:33:32,920 Speaker 1: How Stuff Works dot com