1 00:00:08,280 --> 00:00:10,880 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Savor Protection of iHeartRadio. I'm Any 2 00:00:10,920 --> 00:00:13,680 Speaker 1: Reese and I'm Lauren Vocalbaum. And today we have a 3 00:00:13,720 --> 00:00:18,520 Speaker 1: classic episode for you about absente. Yes, and this one's 4 00:00:18,520 --> 00:00:26,920 Speaker 1: a wild one. Yeah. I love I love these. I 5 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:34,200 Speaker 1: love these uh like Temperance Um, Moral Panic alcohol episodes. 6 00:00:34,479 --> 00:00:38,519 Speaker 1: They are so interesting to me about how just certain 7 00:00:38,920 --> 00:00:44,440 Speaker 1: like like just particular types of alcoholic drinks got completely 8 00:00:44,520 --> 00:00:48,959 Speaker 1: demonized yea to the fact it lingers today. I tell 9 00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:50,680 Speaker 1: the story in this episode where I thought it was 10 00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:53,880 Speaker 1: illegal right when I was I had some for the 11 00:00:53,920 --> 00:00:59,240 Speaker 1: first time. It's like, yeah, get in trouble for the Yeah. Yeah, 12 00:00:59,240 --> 00:01:05,640 Speaker 1: and we you recorded this in ten in January, which 13 00:01:05,680 --> 00:01:08,920 Speaker 1: is a minute ago. Now, yes, it's quite a minute. 14 00:01:08,959 --> 00:01:13,760 Speaker 1: It's a hot minute, I'll say, yeah. No. I mean 15 00:01:14,040 --> 00:01:18,440 Speaker 1: I have noticed absent on a lot more menus, and 16 00:01:18,440 --> 00:01:20,319 Speaker 1: I have some friends who have. I've been kind of 17 00:01:20,319 --> 00:01:22,400 Speaker 1: surprised where they'll tell me I love this cocktail and 18 00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:24,319 Speaker 1: has absent in it, and I'm kind of taken aback, 19 00:01:24,400 --> 00:01:28,440 Speaker 1: not because there's anything particular about them or absent. I'm 20 00:01:28,440 --> 00:01:33,000 Speaker 1: just kind of like, oh, absent, okay, okay, it is. 21 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:36,640 Speaker 1: It can be a very strong flavor, especially if you 22 00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:38,680 Speaker 1: I mean like, if you use like a drop of it, 23 00:01:38,680 --> 00:01:42,000 Speaker 1: it can add a really nice little little to a drink, 24 00:01:42,200 --> 00:01:45,160 Speaker 1: but but more than a drop, and it gets very strong, 25 00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:47,880 Speaker 1: very quickly. And I do know a lot of people 26 00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:52,440 Speaker 1: who don't like that kind of anis flavor. So yeah, yeah, 27 00:01:52,680 --> 00:01:55,520 Speaker 1: but I find it. I find it refreshing and delicious. 28 00:01:56,320 --> 00:02:00,240 Speaker 1: I do too. I do too. Um and also brings 29 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:03,440 Speaker 1: back good memories for me because we did back when 30 00:02:03,440 --> 00:02:06,480 Speaker 1: we did videos, we did a really cool slow motion 31 00:02:06,560 --> 00:02:11,040 Speaker 1: video absence kind of bizarre property. Yeah, in this episode, 32 00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:13,720 Speaker 1: you suggest doing it, and we we went on and 33 00:02:13,760 --> 00:02:16,920 Speaker 1: did it, and it was it was really fun. Yeah, 34 00:02:16,960 --> 00:02:20,359 Speaker 1: it was so fun. And Lauren and I have discussed 35 00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:22,960 Speaker 1: in past episodes we both have these kind of digital 36 00:02:22,960 --> 00:02:27,320 Speaker 1: frames now and I get pictures of that frame and 37 00:02:27,360 --> 00:02:29,280 Speaker 1: I love it. Every time I see it, I'm like, oh, yeah, 38 00:02:29,320 --> 00:02:35,000 Speaker 1: that was. Uh. And of course we after after we 39 00:02:35,040 --> 00:02:37,280 Speaker 1: recorded this episode, we wound up getting to go to 40 00:02:37,560 --> 00:02:40,560 Speaker 1: New Orleans to to talk about the food and drink 41 00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:45,120 Speaker 1: there and uh we in fact, we in fact had 42 00:02:45,800 --> 00:02:48,720 Speaker 1: a few mornings where we hung out at the old 43 00:02:48,720 --> 00:02:52,040 Speaker 1: Absence house. We did because as we mentioned, they had 44 00:02:52,040 --> 00:02:55,760 Speaker 1: WiFi and we're open early. There was no coffee in 45 00:02:55,760 --> 00:03:04,720 Speaker 1: the immediate area, but definitely an absent bar. Yep, like welp, 46 00:03:05,120 --> 00:03:10,680 Speaker 1: I guess this is what we're doing now. Okay, well 47 00:03:11,360 --> 00:03:13,919 Speaker 1: I suppose we should let passed Any and Lauren take 48 00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:28,040 Speaker 1: it away. Oh yeah, hello, and welcome to food stuff. 49 00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:31,480 Speaker 1: I'm Any and I'm Lauren Vogelbaum. And today we're talking 50 00:03:31,520 --> 00:03:35,320 Speaker 1: about absent. Yes, absent. I'm really excited to talk about 51 00:03:35,320 --> 00:03:37,520 Speaker 1: this one. How about you? Yeah? Yeah, I love absent, 52 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:41,600 Speaker 1: But what about what about you? Yeah? I until recently 53 00:03:41,720 --> 00:03:44,320 Speaker 1: I thought it was illegal, like like well, I mean 54 00:03:44,360 --> 00:03:46,600 Speaker 1: it had been for a minute. I thought it was 55 00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:51,520 Speaker 1: still allegal. And when I was in France, and actually 56 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:55,120 Speaker 1: I was there in two thousand nine, so it was 57 00:03:55,120 --> 00:03:58,880 Speaker 1: still illegal. Still illegal. Um, there you go. I went 58 00:03:58,920 --> 00:04:01,840 Speaker 1: to some kind of castle. It was like a secret castle. 59 00:04:02,120 --> 00:04:06,920 Speaker 1: What secret castle they have those apparently you know France, 60 00:04:06,960 --> 00:04:12,040 Speaker 1: you know France castles everywhere, right, And I felt, so 61 00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:16,040 Speaker 1: I'm going to try to ab something the secret French castle, 62 00:04:16,800 --> 00:04:20,799 Speaker 1: and then um, it was fine. It's it's a sipping drink, 63 00:04:20,920 --> 00:04:23,240 Speaker 1: that is for sure. Oh absolutely. I'm not good at 64 00:04:23,279 --> 00:04:25,599 Speaker 1: sipping and I do like the I like the traditional 65 00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:29,800 Speaker 1: preparation that has it a little bit watered down, right right, right, Yeah, 66 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:33,360 Speaker 1: it's speaking of when I was in Australia, I asked 67 00:04:33,480 --> 00:04:35,400 Speaker 1: I was at a bar and I asked for water 68 00:04:36,240 --> 00:04:38,680 Speaker 1: and the bartender said, back to me agua and I 69 00:04:38,760 --> 00:04:43,800 Speaker 1: was like, yeah, yeah, sure, um and strange for Spanish 70 00:04:43,880 --> 00:04:46,960 Speaker 1: language to be popping up at Australia, but absolutely right. Well, 71 00:04:47,000 --> 00:04:51,760 Speaker 1: he comes back with a green liquor of some kind 72 00:04:52,800 --> 00:04:56,040 Speaker 1: and I said, I'm I'm fairly certain that's not water. 73 00:04:56,560 --> 00:04:59,120 Speaker 1: And he said, I thought you met agua the Bolivia, 74 00:04:59,600 --> 00:05:01,920 Speaker 1: which is a drink that is not absent, but nobody 75 00:05:02,040 --> 00:05:03,839 Speaker 1: knew what it was. And we all thought of absence 76 00:05:03,880 --> 00:05:08,160 Speaker 1: because it's bright green. It's actually um coca leaf liquor. 77 00:05:08,320 --> 00:05:12,920 Speaker 1: Oh oh interesting. Did you drink it? Yeah, well he 78 00:05:13,080 --> 00:05:15,000 Speaker 1: cocked the prize. He gave it to me for free 79 00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:18,240 Speaker 1: because of the mistake. I also got water water though, 80 00:05:18,279 --> 00:05:23,800 Speaker 1: which was good, and that's lovely. Yes, okay, so so 81 00:05:23,800 --> 00:05:28,200 Speaker 1: so absent? Yeah, what is it? Good? Question? What is 82 00:05:28,240 --> 00:05:32,560 Speaker 1: it absent? There's a liquor, traditionally a grape distillate flavored 83 00:05:32,600 --> 00:05:36,919 Speaker 1: with wormwood and other herbs, including aniseed, and sweet fennel. 84 00:05:37,240 --> 00:05:39,279 Speaker 1: It tastes sort of like a like a floral liquorice, 85 00:05:39,760 --> 00:05:43,120 Speaker 1: sort of sweet and tingly and bitter and grassy or 86 00:05:43,120 --> 00:05:46,400 Speaker 1: herbal just all the same time. Oh, that's a lot 87 00:05:46,440 --> 00:05:49,760 Speaker 1: going on right there. It has a lot. Indeed, as 88 00:05:49,800 --> 00:05:52,520 Speaker 1: we as we both founded out during this research phase, yes, 89 00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:55,359 Speaker 1: has a lot going on. And speaking of having a 90 00:05:55,400 --> 00:05:57,960 Speaker 1: lot going on, um, there are actually a whole lot 91 00:05:58,000 --> 00:06:00,680 Speaker 1: of species of wormwood worm what is a a colloquial 92 00:06:01,120 --> 00:06:05,080 Speaker 1: term for a whole genus called Artemisia um, but the 93 00:06:05,160 --> 00:06:08,919 Speaker 1: type of wormwood needed to make authentic absinthe is the 94 00:06:09,120 --> 00:06:15,040 Speaker 1: aptly named Artemisia abscythium, more casually known as grande wormwood. 95 00:06:16,120 --> 00:06:18,720 Speaker 1: Mugwort and tarragon, by the way, are other species of 96 00:06:19,040 --> 00:06:23,279 Speaker 1: the Artemisia genus, along with another three hundred or so plants, 97 00:06:23,560 --> 00:06:25,960 Speaker 1: many of which are used as herbal remedies or to 98 00:06:26,120 --> 00:06:30,960 Speaker 1: flavor foods and drinks. A French poet, Arts Rumbo gave 99 00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:35,479 Speaker 1: absinthe the nickname sage Rush of the Glaciers because wormwood 100 00:06:35,560 --> 00:06:39,440 Speaker 1: is abundant in Switzerland's Val de Traverse area. This is 101 00:06:39,480 --> 00:06:42,800 Speaker 1: where the Absinthe Museum is located. Please write in if 102 00:06:42,839 --> 00:06:45,680 Speaker 1: you've been Oh there's oh man. I love it when 103 00:06:45,680 --> 00:06:49,719 Speaker 1: people make museums just about booze uh okay so so. 104 00:06:49,760 --> 00:06:53,159 Speaker 1: Although although there's a lot in that location, Grande wormwood 105 00:06:53,200 --> 00:06:56,120 Speaker 1: can be grown in lots of places. It's native to 106 00:06:56,240 --> 00:06:59,400 Speaker 1: temperate regions of Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, 107 00:06:59,520 --> 00:07:02,800 Speaker 1: and also grows well in North America. The word absinthe 108 00:07:02,839 --> 00:07:06,839 Speaker 1: itself most likely comes from the Greek word absynthion, which 109 00:07:06,880 --> 00:07:10,680 Speaker 1: means wormwood are undrinkable, which itself is derived from the 110 00:07:10,760 --> 00:07:14,320 Speaker 1: Latin name for wormwood. Yeah, I'm not sure about that 111 00:07:14,360 --> 00:07:18,400 Speaker 1: whole undrinkable meaning part I certainly, the term wormwood has 112 00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:21,440 Speaker 1: long been associated with bitter um. I think it's just 113 00:07:21,480 --> 00:07:23,120 Speaker 1: an ancient plant name, you know, like a like a 114 00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:27,360 Speaker 1: label that has come to have figurative meanings like undrinkable 115 00:07:27,880 --> 00:07:30,960 Speaker 1: or bitter. When it comes to that bitterness, wormwood is 116 00:07:30,960 --> 00:07:34,920 Speaker 1: second only to rue uh. And this is thanks to 117 00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:38,720 Speaker 1: a chemical compound called absynth in, and it wasn't nailed 118 00:07:38,720 --> 00:07:44,080 Speaker 1: down until nine. The bitterness threshold is so high that 119 00:07:44,120 --> 00:07:47,760 Speaker 1: if you put one ounce of it into five gallons 120 00:07:47,800 --> 00:07:51,600 Speaker 1: of water, you'd still be able to tell what was there? Oh? Wow, Yeah, 121 00:07:51,880 --> 00:07:56,080 Speaker 1: that's pretty bitter. Absinthe has a bunch of nicknames, most 122 00:07:56,080 --> 00:07:59,840 Speaker 1: prominently the Green Fairy, but also the Green Witch and 123 00:08:00,160 --> 00:08:04,000 Speaker 1: Queen of Poison. What if I would love a nickname 124 00:08:04,040 --> 00:08:07,120 Speaker 1: like that? Oh, we can start working on it. Okay, cool. 125 00:08:07,520 --> 00:08:11,040 Speaker 1: Before it earned its um sordid reputation, it was seen 126 00:08:11,080 --> 00:08:13,280 Speaker 1: as a muse a drink for artists, part of the 127 00:08:13,320 --> 00:08:18,840 Speaker 1: Bohemian movement. As such, your cup overfloweth with quotes from poets, 128 00:08:18,880 --> 00:08:24,080 Speaker 1: authors painters about absinthe. French poet role Ponchant wrote of absinthe, 129 00:08:24,280 --> 00:08:26,680 Speaker 1: it seems when I drink you, I inhaled a young 130 00:08:26,720 --> 00:08:32,200 Speaker 1: forest soul. This association between creative types and absinthe was 131 00:08:32,320 --> 00:08:35,120 Speaker 1: so strong in Paris that instead of Happy Hour at 132 00:08:35,160 --> 00:08:39,000 Speaker 1: five o'clock, cafes had little vail or the green Hour. 133 00:08:40,080 --> 00:08:43,959 Speaker 1: Picasso frequently featured absent in his works, even creating a 134 00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:47,200 Speaker 1: sculpture called the Glass of Absinthe. Vincent and and Go 135 00:08:47,520 --> 00:08:50,280 Speaker 1: painted Absinthe and several of his works and drink a 136 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:54,559 Speaker 1: whole lot of the green stuff. Allegedly, some historians think 137 00:08:54,559 --> 00:08:56,599 Speaker 1: it might have led up to his mental breakdown, the 138 00:08:56,640 --> 00:08:58,640 Speaker 1: chopping off of his ear and maybe even played a 139 00:08:58,760 --> 00:09:03,280 Speaker 1: role in his suicide. Yeah. Other famous creative types known 140 00:09:03,320 --> 00:09:06,120 Speaker 1: to enjoy absent included, but oh my goodness, not limited 141 00:09:06,120 --> 00:09:10,120 Speaker 1: to Bottlaire Oscar Wilde, who wrote a glass of Absinthe 142 00:09:10,200 --> 00:09:13,040 Speaker 1: is as poetical as anything in the world in a 143 00:09:13,120 --> 00:09:15,840 Speaker 1: himming way. Who have this quote about it? It's supposed 144 00:09:15,840 --> 00:09:17,880 Speaker 1: to rotch your brain out, but I don't believe it. 145 00:09:17,880 --> 00:09:21,880 Speaker 1: It only changes the ideas. He was a huge fan 146 00:09:22,400 --> 00:09:25,320 Speaker 1: absence pops up in the sun also rises and for 147 00:09:25,400 --> 00:09:28,520 Speaker 1: whom the belts holes. And he invented a cocktail that 148 00:09:28,600 --> 00:09:32,680 Speaker 1: combined champagne and absentthe he dubbed death in the Afternoon. 149 00:09:33,559 --> 00:09:35,720 Speaker 1: I love this cocktail, by the way, have you had it? Oh? 150 00:09:35,760 --> 00:09:38,680 Speaker 1: It's yeah, it's delicious. In the book that the recipe 151 00:09:38,720 --> 00:09:41,440 Speaker 1: was published in, the recipe says drink three to five 152 00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:45,760 Speaker 1: of these slowly, so I certainly headache in the afternoon. 153 00:09:46,640 --> 00:09:48,280 Speaker 1: By the way, we forgot to mention at the top 154 00:09:48,320 --> 00:09:52,240 Speaker 1: of the show, but hey, kids, drink responsibly. Yes, absolutely yes. 155 00:09:52,440 --> 00:09:55,320 Speaker 1: And then, of course there is the infamous bohemian Henry 156 00:09:55,320 --> 00:09:57,920 Speaker 1: did telous Latrek, who is reported to have kept vials 157 00:09:57,960 --> 00:10:00,800 Speaker 1: of absent in the top of his walking cane towards 158 00:10:00,840 --> 00:10:05,080 Speaker 1: the end of his life. There is a traditional preparation 159 00:10:05,320 --> 00:10:09,040 Speaker 1: for drinking absinthe, including all this really pretty old timey 160 00:10:09,360 --> 00:10:13,080 Speaker 1: coutremont called absintheana, which is also a metal band um 161 00:10:13,120 --> 00:10:16,800 Speaker 1: and and a built in watering down process with actual water, 162 00:10:16,880 --> 00:10:21,880 Speaker 1: not champagne this time hemmingway yeah yeah um. This this ritual, 163 00:10:22,200 --> 00:10:24,520 Speaker 1: and it is called the absent ritual, is definitely part 164 00:10:24,559 --> 00:10:27,560 Speaker 1: of the whole mystique of the liquor. And it goes 165 00:10:27,600 --> 00:10:29,400 Speaker 1: like this. So you pour one to one and a 166 00:10:29,440 --> 00:10:33,120 Speaker 1: half ounces of absinthe into a small stemmed glass. You 167 00:10:33,160 --> 00:10:36,320 Speaker 1: place on top of the glass a flat slotted spoon, 168 00:10:36,440 --> 00:10:38,640 Speaker 1: and then stack a sugar cube on top of that. 169 00:10:39,160 --> 00:10:41,800 Speaker 1: Then you slowly pour cold water like three to five 170 00:10:41,800 --> 00:10:44,559 Speaker 1: ounces to taste over the cube, allowing it to melt 171 00:10:44,880 --> 00:10:48,360 Speaker 1: slowly into the booze below. Super Traditionally, you might drip 172 00:10:48,400 --> 00:10:52,080 Speaker 1: water down over the spoon using an absent fountain, which 173 00:10:52,120 --> 00:10:55,679 Speaker 1: is this large glass decanter that has multiple spikeots at 174 00:10:55,679 --> 00:10:59,120 Speaker 1: the bottom designed to dispense chilled water one drop at 175 00:10:59,120 --> 00:11:02,080 Speaker 1: a time. You stir the sugar in with the spoon, 176 00:11:02,720 --> 00:11:05,760 Speaker 1: you sip and enjoy. Yeah, hypothetically, unless you really hate 177 00:11:05,760 --> 00:11:07,920 Speaker 1: liquorice flavors, and then you probably aren't drinking it at all. 178 00:11:08,120 --> 00:11:10,480 Speaker 1: Probably not. Yeah, we did do this. We went on 179 00:11:10,520 --> 00:11:14,160 Speaker 1: a field trip to a local restaurant nearby and well, 180 00:11:14,240 --> 00:11:16,080 Speaker 1: I got absent. I don't know that you did. I 181 00:11:16,080 --> 00:11:19,080 Speaker 1: think I got an absent cocktail. Yeah. Well, there's a 182 00:11:19,120 --> 00:11:22,160 Speaker 1: place near us that kind of specializes in absent and oysters, 183 00:11:22,200 --> 00:11:24,520 Speaker 1: and we went and got both. So it's lovely. But 184 00:11:24,559 --> 00:11:26,680 Speaker 1: the first time I saw this ritual, I had no 185 00:11:26,720 --> 00:11:29,439 Speaker 1: idea what was happening. Oh yeah, I was really confused 186 00:11:29,440 --> 00:11:31,800 Speaker 1: about it. I was I was like, what is that 187 00:11:31,840 --> 00:11:35,920 Speaker 1: fancy punch bowl? And why does it appear to have 188 00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:40,520 Speaker 1: vodka in it? What's going on here? Anyway? Um. Part 189 00:11:40,600 --> 00:11:43,800 Speaker 1: of the reason for adding water to absent slowly like 190 00:11:43,920 --> 00:11:47,880 Speaker 1: this is that it becomes cloudy in these pretty swirls 191 00:11:47,920 --> 00:11:50,959 Speaker 1: as the water hits it, and this is called the luch. 192 00:11:51,400 --> 00:11:53,920 Speaker 1: The term luche, by the way, is a French word 193 00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:57,400 Speaker 1: that means obscured or clouded or short, sort of like 194 00:11:57,400 --> 00:12:02,079 Speaker 1: like shady or shifty um by extension, and was borrowed 195 00:12:02,080 --> 00:12:04,360 Speaker 1: into English in the early eight hundreds to mean like 196 00:12:04,480 --> 00:12:08,640 Speaker 1: disreputable in an appealingly sordid, rakish and maybe sort of 197 00:12:08,679 --> 00:12:12,160 Speaker 1: overly glam kind of way. And now I'm really wondering 198 00:12:12,200 --> 00:12:17,280 Speaker 1: if the word lush comes from the word lush. Doesn't 199 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:20,280 Speaker 1: seem like that much of a stretch to me. Anmalogy 200 00:12:20,400 --> 00:12:25,439 Speaker 1: is really exciting. Um. Scientifically, this cloudiness happens because absinthe 201 00:12:25,440 --> 00:12:29,720 Speaker 1: contains aniseed, which contains an oily compound called an athol. 202 00:12:30,440 --> 00:12:33,520 Speaker 1: Anathol is soluble in alcohol but not in water, So 203 00:12:33,640 --> 00:12:36,640 Speaker 1: when water is mixed into absinthe, it beats up, the 204 00:12:36,840 --> 00:12:41,200 Speaker 1: anathol beats up, and those beads dispersed themselves evenly throughout 205 00:12:41,559 --> 00:12:44,559 Speaker 1: the alcohol and water solution. And this isn't like all 206 00:12:44,600 --> 00:12:47,720 Speaker 1: that interesting into and of itself, except for the fact 207 00:12:47,760 --> 00:12:50,720 Speaker 1: that it stays beaded and dispersed in a way that 208 00:12:50,800 --> 00:12:54,440 Speaker 1: essentially confounds modern physics. Oh, I'm so excited to hear 209 00:12:54,480 --> 00:12:57,439 Speaker 1: about this. I mean, you basically just heard about it. 210 00:12:57,480 --> 00:12:59,960 Speaker 1: Like researchers have no idea what's going on, but they're 211 00:13:00,040 --> 00:13:02,280 Speaker 1: looking into ways that this reaction, which is called the 212 00:13:02,400 --> 00:13:05,760 Speaker 1: Uzo effect due to the Greek liquor uzos, similar annis 213 00:13:05,800 --> 00:13:09,080 Speaker 1: based properties could be applied to all sorts of industries 214 00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:14,920 Speaker 1: from like food science to cosmetics to nanotechnology. That's awesome. Also, 215 00:13:15,240 --> 00:13:16,920 Speaker 1: I think it might be time for us to break 216 00:13:16,960 --> 00:13:21,080 Speaker 1: out our slow motion camera and film this. Oh yes, 217 00:13:21,360 --> 00:13:24,200 Speaker 1: oh man, if there was ever a time for slow 218 00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:26,719 Speaker 1: motion camera, now's the time, and a time to buy 219 00:13:26,720 --> 00:13:30,040 Speaker 1: a bottle of absent on the company Time will answer 220 00:13:30,040 --> 00:13:35,679 Speaker 1: the call, don't you worry. Despite the rep absent has 221 00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:39,960 Speaker 1: of being dangerous and therefore illegal, it's probably legal where 222 00:13:39,960 --> 00:13:43,120 Speaker 1: you live. In fact, even though a majority of western 223 00:13:43,160 --> 00:13:46,200 Speaker 1: countries did ban it in the early twentieth century, it 224 00:13:46,440 --> 00:13:51,280 Speaker 1: may have never really been illegal. Technically. There were a 225 00:13:51,280 --> 00:13:54,800 Speaker 1: lot of loopholes that allowed for continued production, distribution, and 226 00:13:54,840 --> 00:13:58,520 Speaker 1: consumption of absinthe by the nineteen nineties, the largest loophole 227 00:13:58,559 --> 00:14:01,880 Speaker 1: being most choose do not have a legal definition of 228 00:14:01,880 --> 00:14:07,640 Speaker 1: absinthe uh, meaning you can make absinthe, call it something else, 229 00:14:07,800 --> 00:14:11,600 Speaker 1: and sell it no harm, no foul. Laws are generally 230 00:14:12,559 --> 00:14:16,400 Speaker 1: more concerned about the level of to jon, the powerful 231 00:14:16,440 --> 00:14:19,200 Speaker 1: chemical present and absent that usually gets the blame for 232 00:14:19,280 --> 00:14:23,160 Speaker 1: its psychedelic properties. Um. The more on that later, But 233 00:14:23,160 --> 00:14:25,440 Speaker 1: there really isn't that much in absence. No, no, no, 234 00:14:25,960 --> 00:14:28,560 Speaker 1: you can get around it too, by using stage oil 235 00:14:28,600 --> 00:14:32,000 Speaker 1: to joan versus wormwood to joon, which they do specify. 236 00:14:32,080 --> 00:14:35,240 Speaker 1: For example, stage by the way, has way more to 237 00:14:35,440 --> 00:14:40,480 Speaker 1: joon than wormwood does. The FDA here in the US 238 00:14:40,520 --> 00:14:43,440 Speaker 1: puts to jon in the same category as chocolate or caffeine. 239 00:14:44,200 --> 00:14:47,000 Speaker 1: The laws regarding distilling and selling of absence in the 240 00:14:47,040 --> 00:14:49,520 Speaker 1: US relax a bit in two thousand seven, and the 241 00:14:49,600 --> 00:14:52,400 Speaker 1: first absent distillery in the U s since nineteen twelve 242 00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:56,280 Speaker 1: opened in California that same year. Yeah, you can sell 243 00:14:56,320 --> 00:14:59,040 Speaker 1: absent throughout the European Union, and the rates of to 244 00:14:59,240 --> 00:15:01,600 Speaker 1: jon they allow are much higher than what we allow 245 00:15:01,640 --> 00:15:05,680 Speaker 1: in the US. The birthplace of modern absence, Switzerland lifted 246 00:15:05,720 --> 00:15:08,600 Speaker 1: its absence ban in two thousand five. Now they only 247 00:15:08,640 --> 00:15:10,360 Speaker 1: have two laws on the books for it. Um that 248 00:15:10,440 --> 00:15:14,080 Speaker 1: it must be distilled and not artificially colored. Oh yeah, 249 00:15:14,080 --> 00:15:17,200 Speaker 1: more in that later. Yeah, it was illegal in France 250 00:15:17,320 --> 00:15:23,120 Speaker 1: until two thousand eleven. Um. Even though the EU legalized it, 251 00:15:23,200 --> 00:15:29,720 Speaker 1: in France preserved that part of the law saying Nope, 252 00:15:30,640 --> 00:15:32,200 Speaker 1: you can do it in the EU, but here in 253 00:15:32,240 --> 00:15:36,280 Speaker 1: France not here. Um, distillers could make it and export it. 254 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:39,440 Speaker 1: But that was about it, and due to another French 255 00:15:39,480 --> 00:15:44,240 Speaker 1: chemical restriction found in Fenel. Until recently, the pure stuff 256 00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:49,920 Speaker 1: coming out of Switzerland was completely illegal in France. But yeah, um, 257 00:15:50,000 --> 00:15:53,160 Speaker 1: Australia has even higher allowances for two joe than the EU, 258 00:15:53,360 --> 00:15:56,440 Speaker 1: and the UK never banned it, so they, you know, 259 00:15:56,520 --> 00:15:59,000 Speaker 1: been enjoying it in this entire time or not. Really, 260 00:15:59,040 --> 00:16:01,000 Speaker 1: it never really caught on there, that's true. That's probably 261 00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:04,440 Speaker 1: why it wasn't worthy abandoned. Um. So that kind of 262 00:16:04,520 --> 00:16:09,359 Speaker 1: leads us to history, and absent history is rife with scandal, 263 00:16:09,960 --> 00:16:14,760 Speaker 1: intrigue art, so let's get to that. Yeah, but first 264 00:16:15,160 --> 00:16:27,520 Speaker 1: let's get to a word from our sponsor and we're back. 265 00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:31,480 Speaker 1: Thank you sponsor, Yes, thank you. Records show that the 266 00:16:31,560 --> 00:16:37,680 Speaker 1: ancient Egyptians and Greeks used wormwood key ingredient in absente Medicinally, 267 00:16:38,160 --> 00:16:42,480 Speaker 1: it appeared in the fifteen fifty BC Ebers Papyrus out 268 00:16:42,480 --> 00:16:44,960 Speaker 1: of Egypt, though the writings on it could be as 269 00:16:44,960 --> 00:16:49,640 Speaker 1: old as three thousand, and Greeks made remedies out of 270 00:16:49,640 --> 00:16:53,160 Speaker 1: wormwood leaves that were soaked in wine. Some sources also 271 00:16:53,160 --> 00:16:56,040 Speaker 1: suggest that Hippocrates might have been whipping together a wormwood 272 00:16:56,040 --> 00:17:00,160 Speaker 1: flavored wine that he would recommend for flatulence and their 273 00:17:00,200 --> 00:17:04,600 Speaker 1: digestive problems. Plenty ore Pliny wrote about wormwood in the 274 00:17:04,600 --> 00:17:07,920 Speaker 1: first century CE. Of course he did, uh. He said 275 00:17:07,920 --> 00:17:11,120 Speaker 1: that it was useful against intestinal worms. According to him, 276 00:17:11,359 --> 00:17:14,960 Speaker 1: Roman chariot race champions drink wine with wormwood leaves in 277 00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:17,879 Speaker 1: it as a reminder that even glory could be bitter. 278 00:17:18,119 --> 00:17:21,159 Speaker 1: Oh that is so goth, I know, isn't it. That's great. 279 00:17:21,760 --> 00:17:25,760 Speaker 1: In second century CE, Gallen recommended wormwood for swooning and 280 00:17:25,800 --> 00:17:29,280 Speaker 1: to ease an upset stomach. Swooning. Yeah, do you. Scarieties 281 00:17:29,280 --> 00:17:32,760 Speaker 1: wrote about wormwood in his influential medical book from six 282 00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:36,800 Speaker 1: positing that wormwood juice on your arms and legs would 283 00:17:36,880 --> 00:17:39,680 Speaker 1: keep away fleas and nets, and if you left wormwood 284 00:17:39,720 --> 00:17:42,800 Speaker 1: leaves wherever you kept your clothes, it would repel moss 285 00:17:43,600 --> 00:17:45,960 Speaker 1: like an early version of I think there is a 286 00:17:45,960 --> 00:17:48,760 Speaker 1: little bit of camphor in wormwood, in wormwood, which is 287 00:17:48,840 --> 00:17:51,320 Speaker 1: kind of the active ingredient in mothballs. So I guess, 288 00:17:51,560 --> 00:17:54,200 Speaker 1: I guess could actually work out. That's so exciting. Yeah. 289 00:17:54,720 --> 00:17:58,000 Speaker 1: Wormwood is mentioned in the Bible and Revelations. When the 290 00:17:58,160 --> 00:18:00,439 Speaker 1: seven trumpets sound herald the end of the world on 291 00:18:00,520 --> 00:18:04,080 Speaker 1: the third wormwood will replace a third of the world's water, 292 00:18:04,200 --> 00:18:07,600 Speaker 1: unless little way a pretty good chunk of the population. 293 00:18:09,880 --> 00:18:12,920 Speaker 1: As early as first century CE, Chinese scholars wrote about 294 00:18:12,920 --> 00:18:18,480 Speaker 1: wormwood's efficacy as a malaria treatment. British herbalist John Jared 295 00:18:18,800 --> 00:18:23,360 Speaker 1: Gerard wrote in fifteen seven wormwood voteth away the worms 296 00:18:23,400 --> 00:18:26,480 Speaker 1: of the guts, and in the sixteen and seventeen hundreds 297 00:18:26,520 --> 00:18:30,320 Speaker 1: people would burn wormwood to smoke the bubonic plague out 298 00:18:30,320 --> 00:18:36,800 Speaker 1: of infected homes. Absent modern history began in seventeen ninety 299 00:18:36,880 --> 00:18:39,879 Speaker 1: two when a retired French doctor by the name of 300 00:18:39,960 --> 00:18:44,320 Speaker 1: Pierre Ordinaire Pierre Ordinaire, it rhymes and it no, I 301 00:18:44,480 --> 00:18:48,919 Speaker 1: know it's perfect relocated to Switzerland to escape the French Revolution. 302 00:18:49,520 --> 00:18:53,320 Speaker 1: At the time, wormwood was used to improve childbirth and 303 00:18:53,400 --> 00:18:57,359 Speaker 1: rheumatism and that whole plague thing, and ordinary wanted to 304 00:18:57,400 --> 00:19:00,760 Speaker 1: find a new way for humans to use it medicinally. 305 00:19:01,560 --> 00:19:04,720 Speaker 1: Since wormwood was quite better, he got the idea to 306 00:19:05,040 --> 00:19:08,200 Speaker 1: distill it, so he did, using a grape spirit as 307 00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:13,840 Speaker 1: the base and adding macerated star annis, licorice, spinach, coriander, parsley, finnel, 308 00:19:13,920 --> 00:19:17,360 Speaker 1: and other botanicals about fifteen total. He named his elixir 309 00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:21,000 Speaker 1: x straped up Synth. When Dr Ordinare died, he left 310 00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:23,440 Speaker 1: his house, a decent amount of money and his absence 311 00:19:23,480 --> 00:19:28,120 Speaker 1: recipe to his housekeepers, the Henriott sisters. They started selling it, 312 00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:30,760 Speaker 1: making small batches at a time, under the name Doctor 313 00:19:30,840 --> 00:19:35,960 Speaker 1: Ordinaire's Absentthe enter another Frenchman, Major Daniel Henri Dubide, who, 314 00:19:36,040 --> 00:19:39,760 Speaker 1: after trying the elixir one of the whole operation for himself. 315 00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:42,439 Speaker 1: He must have made the sisters and offer they couldn't 316 00:19:42,440 --> 00:19:46,320 Speaker 1: refuse because they sold him both the recipe and their business. 317 00:19:47,680 --> 00:19:52,000 Speaker 1: Or that's one version of the story. Yeah, and add 318 00:19:52,040 --> 00:19:55,600 Speaker 1: for a bonus Chapdancan out of the local Swiss paper 319 00:19:55,680 --> 00:19:59,120 Speaker 1: from seventeen sixty nine suggests that the sisters have been 320 00:19:59,119 --> 00:20:02,440 Speaker 1: making absent way before Dr or showed up, and that 321 00:20:02,600 --> 00:20:05,720 Speaker 1: he maybe stole it from them. He definitely was a 322 00:20:05,720 --> 00:20:10,720 Speaker 1: real person that definitely sold absent and it definitely originated 323 00:20:10,840 --> 00:20:13,760 Speaker 1: in the Val de Travers region of Switzerland. But beyond 324 00:20:13,840 --> 00:20:20,479 Speaker 1: that lost to history mysteries of history, history mysteries. Whatever 325 00:20:20,520 --> 00:20:25,560 Speaker 1: the case, Major Duvide was the one to commercialize absence in. 326 00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:30,159 Speaker 1: A fellow by the name Abron Louis Perannu started to 327 00:20:30,200 --> 00:20:33,080 Speaker 1: distill it as a drink thing and not a medicine thing. 328 00:20:33,720 --> 00:20:38,280 Speaker 1: Probably people were drinking too much assent to keep good records, 329 00:20:38,320 --> 00:20:41,760 Speaker 1: I guess, I don't know. Um Duvid's daughter Almodi married 330 00:20:41,800 --> 00:20:46,320 Speaker 1: Parentus son, Henri Louis in and as part of that, 331 00:20:46,720 --> 00:20:50,480 Speaker 1: Dubide got the ascent formula from parentew if he didn't 332 00:20:50,480 --> 00:20:53,840 Speaker 1: get it previously from the Henryod sisters, so you know, 333 00:20:54,320 --> 00:20:57,480 Speaker 1: whatever he got it, he got it, and Duvide hired 334 00:20:57,520 --> 00:21:00,280 Speaker 1: his son in law to do the distilling. A year later, 335 00:21:00,440 --> 00:21:03,760 Speaker 1: in to Be hired his own sons and named the 336 00:21:03,760 --> 00:21:09,000 Speaker 1: business Do be Pa Feasts to avoid paying taxes associated 337 00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:12,320 Speaker 1: with the French border. Crossing the French border Andnri Louis 338 00:21:12,560 --> 00:21:15,919 Speaker 1: changed his last name just the spelling really and up 339 00:21:15,960 --> 00:21:18,520 Speaker 1: and moved to a French town right on the border. 340 00:21:18,960 --> 00:21:21,760 Speaker 1: There he set up his own absent manufacturing company called 341 00:21:21,840 --> 00:21:25,960 Speaker 1: pod New Feast which is almost the same. Yeah, but 342 00:21:27,800 --> 00:21:31,719 Speaker 1: from there it made it all over, including the US. 343 00:21:31,720 --> 00:21:34,440 Speaker 1: In eighteen o six, the Old Absent House opened its 344 00:21:34,440 --> 00:21:36,960 Speaker 1: doors in New Orleans. It was well known for its 345 00:21:36,960 --> 00:21:40,119 Speaker 1: absentth cocktail, a mixture of absinthe and sugar water. The 346 00:21:40,160 --> 00:21:45,399 Speaker 1: assm Frope, also known as the Green Monster. It was 347 00:21:45,680 --> 00:21:49,920 Speaker 1: quite the happening spot. In eighteen twelve, the pirates Jean 348 00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:54,280 Speaker 1: Lafitte and General Andrew Jackson negotiated joining forces in the 349 00:21:54,359 --> 00:21:57,600 Speaker 1: War of eighteen twelve. The Feet asked for and got 350 00:21:57,720 --> 00:22:00,399 Speaker 1: pardons for all of his men that participated, and they 351 00:22:00,440 --> 00:22:05,320 Speaker 1: helped end the War of eighteen twelve. That's the legend anyway. Also, 352 00:22:05,359 --> 00:22:07,119 Speaker 1: as with most things in New Orleans, as numbered to 353 00:22:07,160 --> 00:22:10,320 Speaker 1: be haunted, ghosts of plenty there Yeah, still there did 354 00:22:10,320 --> 00:22:13,240 Speaker 1: shut down during prohibition, but it reopened its doors and 355 00:22:13,840 --> 00:22:17,840 Speaker 1: is open for business. Absence. Reputation for settling the stomach 356 00:22:17,880 --> 00:22:21,240 Speaker 1: and curing fevers and discouraging insects gave the drink its 357 00:22:21,320 --> 00:22:25,200 Speaker 1: crucial cultural boost in the eighteen thirties and forties. During 358 00:22:25,200 --> 00:22:28,000 Speaker 1: that time, France was attempting to take control of the 359 00:22:28,080 --> 00:22:31,520 Speaker 1: territory that's now Algeria. Due to this whole quarrel with 360 00:22:31,560 --> 00:22:34,719 Speaker 1: the Ottoman Empire and you know, trade and resources and 361 00:22:34,760 --> 00:22:39,480 Speaker 1: money reasons. The government sent its military rations of wormwood 362 00:22:39,640 --> 00:22:42,480 Speaker 1: and absinthe with the thought that it could purify water 363 00:22:42,760 --> 00:22:47,600 Speaker 1: and help fight illnesses like malaria. When the soldiers returned victorious, 364 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:51,119 Speaker 1: they brought with them a serious taste for absinthe and 365 00:22:51,240 --> 00:22:54,399 Speaker 1: a whole lot of cultural sway. National pride was really high. 366 00:22:54,680 --> 00:22:58,800 Speaker 1: By eighteen forty nine, France's twenty six absent distilleries were 367 00:22:58,840 --> 00:23:03,359 Speaker 1: making ten million ters per year. In eighteen fifty nine, 368 00:23:03,440 --> 00:23:08,520 Speaker 1: Manet debut his first major painting, The Absinthe Drinker. Debut 369 00:23:08,600 --> 00:23:11,320 Speaker 1: makes it sound grander than it was actually. It was 370 00:23:11,359 --> 00:23:14,840 Speaker 1: widely criticized for his choice of subject matter, an alcoholic 371 00:23:14,880 --> 00:23:17,720 Speaker 1: fellow with a glass of absinthe, even by his mentor 372 00:23:17,800 --> 00:23:21,280 Speaker 1: who told him, my poor friend, you are the absent drinker. 373 00:23:21,760 --> 00:23:25,480 Speaker 1: It is you who have lost your moral faculty. Yeah, 374 00:23:25,520 --> 00:23:30,600 Speaker 1: those are some strong words. Later on, in eighteen seventy six, 375 00:23:30,680 --> 00:23:33,399 Speaker 1: de Got would face a similar blacklash with his painting 376 00:23:33,760 --> 00:23:37,000 Speaker 1: Love Songs. You've probably seen it. A woman stares off 377 00:23:37,040 --> 00:23:40,080 Speaker 1: forlornly a glass of absence on the table. People called 378 00:23:40,119 --> 00:23:43,399 Speaker 1: it repulsive, not because it was poorly painted, but because 379 00:23:43,440 --> 00:23:48,280 Speaker 1: it showcased vice. Yeah, but part of the popularity of 380 00:23:48,320 --> 00:23:51,720 Speaker 1: absinthe had nothing to do with absence itself, but rather 381 00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:56,440 Speaker 1: with the French wine industry. The French wine industry, oh yeah. 382 00:23:56,520 --> 00:24:00,119 Speaker 1: In the eighteen sixties through the nineties, a mysterious leg 383 00:24:00,440 --> 00:24:04,800 Speaker 1: wiped out millions of hectors of French vineyards. The plants 384 00:24:04,800 --> 00:24:07,320 Speaker 1: were withering on the stalk. No one had any idea 385 00:24:07,400 --> 00:24:10,359 Speaker 1: what to do. Wine makers were burning entire fields to 386 00:24:10,440 --> 00:24:13,480 Speaker 1: attempt to contain the disease, but to no avail. And 387 00:24:13,520 --> 00:24:16,679 Speaker 1: people blamed everything from the laying of iron railways in 388 00:24:16,680 --> 00:24:19,600 Speaker 1: the soil to the sins of mankind. And they tried 389 00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:23,080 Speaker 1: everything from volcanic ash from Pompeii to mixtures of like 390 00:24:23,119 --> 00:24:27,840 Speaker 1: whale oil and gasoline, and for decades nothing worked. Farmers 391 00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:31,240 Speaker 1: started fleeing to Algeria and South America for fresh starts. 392 00:24:31,520 --> 00:24:35,080 Speaker 1: Wine costs skyrocketed, the the upper upper crust of the 393 00:24:35,080 --> 00:24:39,399 Speaker 1: military turned to whiskey and soda, I know, ridiculous, and 394 00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:43,960 Speaker 1: the proletariat turned to absinthe It turned out that this 395 00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:47,560 Speaker 1: American a fit was to blame, then named Filo's Sarah 396 00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:50,919 Speaker 1: Vasta tricks. A few of these tiny yellow bugs had 397 00:24:50,960 --> 00:24:53,439 Speaker 1: hitched a ride over in eighteen sixty two on a 398 00:24:53,520 --> 00:24:57,400 Speaker 1: case of American vines, which are resistant to the insects. 399 00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:00,760 Speaker 1: The French vines weren't, and the bugs were burrowing into 400 00:25:00,760 --> 00:25:03,480 Speaker 1: the soil and sucking the vines dry through the roots, 401 00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:07,040 Speaker 1: and each one of these buggers could could produce over 402 00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:13,359 Speaker 1: twenty five billion descendants per year. Whoa, uh, upwards of 403 00:25:13,400 --> 00:25:18,000 Speaker 1: sevent of French vineyards had to be entirely replanted, this time, 404 00:25:18,040 --> 00:25:21,840 Speaker 1: grafting on a varietal of wine grape from Texas called St. 405 00:25:21,880 --> 00:25:25,639 Speaker 1: George to lend the genes would prevent destruction, but the 406 00:25:25,720 --> 00:25:28,480 Speaker 1: damage was done, and absinthe was the drink of the 407 00:25:28,560 --> 00:25:31,600 Speaker 1: children of the revolution. Ah. We'll have to do a 408 00:25:31,600 --> 00:25:34,400 Speaker 1: whole episode on this wine plague sometime. It's a really 409 00:25:34,480 --> 00:25:38,359 Speaker 1: fascinating story about scientific fallacies and cultural biases and like 410 00:25:38,440 --> 00:25:41,439 Speaker 1: to this day, these bugs are a problem around the world, 411 00:25:41,680 --> 00:25:44,879 Speaker 1: and Chile is the only major wine producer on the 412 00:25:44,960 --> 00:25:52,600 Speaker 1: planet that has survived completely unscathed and ungrafted with American vines. Huh. Anyway, Uh, yeah, 413 00:25:52,600 --> 00:25:55,920 Speaker 1: folks were drinking absinth instead of wine. Yes, yes. In 414 00:25:55,960 --> 00:25:59,560 Speaker 1: the eighteen seventies and eighties, the bourgeois got in on 415 00:25:59,600 --> 00:26:02,680 Speaker 1: the abs absent trend as well, and this is where 416 00:26:02,840 --> 00:26:07,639 Speaker 1: you get the aforementioned um absintheana from famous silversmiths and 417 00:26:07,680 --> 00:26:11,439 Speaker 1: glassblowers were creating these ever fancier spoons and fountains to 418 00:26:11,600 --> 00:26:15,960 Speaker 1: enjoy your absence. With absence, therefore, was not only a 419 00:26:16,040 --> 00:26:19,600 Speaker 1: drink of of commoners gutter escapism and of the poor 420 00:26:19,640 --> 00:26:24,200 Speaker 1: but decadent bohemian, but also of the wealthies showy extravagance. 421 00:26:25,080 --> 00:26:27,000 Speaker 1: Some of these implements, by the way, are still kicking 422 00:26:27,040 --> 00:26:30,280 Speaker 1: on the collector's circuit and cost thousands of dollars like 423 00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:34,800 Speaker 1: per spoon, her spoon, her spoon, spoon budget. You know, 424 00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:40,960 Speaker 1: I'm working towards that level one day. In France, the 425 00:26:41,080 --> 00:26:45,720 Speaker 1: amount of absentthe consumed increased by fifteen times from eighteen 426 00:26:45,760 --> 00:26:50,600 Speaker 1: seventy five to nineteen and meanwhile, the public mood in 427 00:26:50,640 --> 00:26:55,040 Speaker 1: France was changing. With the Industrial Revolution came the economic 428 00:26:55,080 --> 00:26:57,520 Speaker 1: and cultural movements that allowed for all of this art 429 00:26:57,560 --> 00:27:01,280 Speaker 1: and opulence. But there were also more poor, working class 430 00:27:01,280 --> 00:27:04,520 Speaker 1: folks struggling in cities, and lower birth rates because of 431 00:27:04,520 --> 00:27:08,080 Speaker 1: the higher employment and education of women and all those 432 00:27:08,280 --> 00:27:12,560 Speaker 1: convention defying artistic types, and a a boost in diagnoses 433 00:27:12,640 --> 00:27:17,080 Speaker 1: of insanity, probably because of a shift in in diagnostics. 434 00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:21,480 Speaker 1: But public officials were concerned. There was this nationalistic concept 435 00:27:21,680 --> 00:27:24,880 Speaker 1: that the French population was in decline or even degenerating, 436 00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:30,879 Speaker 1: and people wanted reasons enter one. Valentine Magnon, a psychiatrist 437 00:27:30,920 --> 00:27:34,879 Speaker 1: working as the physician in chief at the Saint Anne Asylum. 438 00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:37,639 Speaker 1: He saw that the mental and physical health effects of 439 00:27:37,680 --> 00:27:41,440 Speaker 1: over indulgence in absinthe, and he set out to prove 440 00:27:41,480 --> 00:27:45,280 Speaker 1: that it was worse than regular alcohol. He set up 441 00:27:45,280 --> 00:27:48,160 Speaker 1: this experiment where he placed he had two guinea pigs. Okay, 442 00:27:48,160 --> 00:27:50,280 Speaker 1: he put one in a glass case with an open 443 00:27:50,359 --> 00:27:53,720 Speaker 1: dish of pure alcohol and the other in a case 444 00:27:53,800 --> 00:27:58,200 Speaker 1: with an open dish of wormwood oil. Uh. The alcohol 445 00:27:58,560 --> 00:28:01,840 Speaker 1: guinea pig got all stump rely and drunk. The wormwood 446 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:05,600 Speaker 1: guinea pig got kind of excited and then went into seizure. 447 00:28:05,840 --> 00:28:09,080 Speaker 1: Oh no, yeah, yeah. But he tried this with other animals, 448 00:28:09,119 --> 00:28:10,280 Speaker 1: but I'm not going to go through all of them 449 00:28:10,280 --> 00:28:12,320 Speaker 1: because it's kind of depressing. Um. He would go on 450 00:28:12,359 --> 00:28:15,679 Speaker 1: to publish a study of two fifty alcoholics who he 451 00:28:15,720 --> 00:28:19,720 Speaker 1: said had seizures and hallucinations on absinthe but not on 452 00:28:19,840 --> 00:28:25,440 Speaker 1: regular alcohol. Yeah. He thus defined absinthe is um as 453 00:28:25,480 --> 00:28:29,520 Speaker 1: different than alcoholism in eighteen sixty nine, and people took 454 00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:32,080 Speaker 1: to this definition. Of course, it didn't hurt that the 455 00:28:32,080 --> 00:28:34,879 Speaker 1: temperance movement was in full swing at this point, and 456 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:37,480 Speaker 1: lots of people who were preaching the evils of alcohol 457 00:28:37,680 --> 00:28:40,200 Speaker 1: were super ready to get on board with the demonization 458 00:28:40,520 --> 00:28:45,520 Speaker 1: of any alcoholic beverage right. In eighteen ninety, Marie Corelli 459 00:28:45,560 --> 00:28:49,760 Speaker 1: published Wormwood, an anti absentthe book following the downfall of 460 00:28:49,800 --> 00:28:54,480 Speaker 1: the once respected Gaston thanks to Absinthe. It had super 461 00:28:54,640 --> 00:28:59,160 Speaker 1: subtle anti Absinthe, anti French sentiments like this one. There 462 00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:02,880 Speaker 1: are no doubt many causes for the wretchedly low standard 463 00:29:02,920 --> 00:29:06,720 Speaker 1: of moral responsibility and fine feeling displayed by the Parisians 464 00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:09,560 Speaker 1: of today, but I do not hesitate to say that 465 00:29:09,640 --> 00:29:13,200 Speaker 1: one of those causes is the reckless absinthe mania which 466 00:29:13,240 --> 00:29:17,160 Speaker 1: pervade all classes, rich and poor. Like no romanticist can 467 00:29:17,240 --> 00:29:22,160 Speaker 1: exaggerate the terrific reality of the evil. Yeah, some reports 468 00:29:22,200 --> 00:29:24,920 Speaker 1: say that in nineteen o three that compound we mentioned 469 00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:28,120 Speaker 1: earlier called to Jean was reported by a French doctor 470 00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:31,280 Speaker 1: to be the key ingredient in the madness of absinthe. 471 00:29:31,720 --> 00:29:33,880 Speaker 1: But like Man, I cannot track down a reliable source 472 00:29:33,920 --> 00:29:37,320 Speaker 1: for this. Uh. It had been isolated to Jean from 473 00:29:37,320 --> 00:29:40,520 Speaker 1: Wormwood back in eighty five, and like the Turn of 474 00:29:40,520 --> 00:29:43,080 Speaker 1: the century, was around the time that mcnunn and his 475 00:29:43,160 --> 00:29:47,480 Speaker 1: ideological followers latched onto to Jean as the culprit of 476 00:29:47,520 --> 00:29:52,240 Speaker 1: Absinthe is um though, Yeah, there's a lot of a 477 00:29:52,280 --> 00:29:55,600 Speaker 1: lot of trouble tracking down of resources, there's a there's 478 00:29:55,600 --> 00:29:59,320 Speaker 1: a lot of mystique. There is oh, speaking of mystique. 479 00:29:59,640 --> 00:30:05,440 Speaker 1: This as to the Absinthe Murder. A new podcast coming 480 00:30:05,440 --> 00:30:08,400 Speaker 1: to you from How Stuff Works. I wouldn't be surprised, 481 00:30:08,560 --> 00:30:11,840 Speaker 1: look for it. No, I don't know um. Towards the 482 00:30:11,960 --> 00:30:16,440 Speaker 1: end of August, in a small village in Switzerland, three coffins, 483 00:30:16,600 --> 00:30:19,560 Speaker 1: one larger and two smaller, stood in the open air, 484 00:30:20,280 --> 00:30:23,000 Speaker 1: and the larger one was the wife of Jean Lefrey, 485 00:30:23,760 --> 00:30:26,760 Speaker 1: and the smaller two held his daughters, aged four and 486 00:30:26,840 --> 00:30:30,080 Speaker 1: two years old. Laundrey had shot and killed them, but 487 00:30:30,160 --> 00:30:32,720 Speaker 1: claimed he couldn't recall doing it. Please tell me I 488 00:30:32,720 --> 00:30:36,040 Speaker 1: haven't done this, he said. The day of his family's murder, 489 00:30:36,400 --> 00:30:42,480 Speaker 1: he had andvibed a substantial amount, beginning with a pre 490 00:30:42,640 --> 00:30:46,360 Speaker 1: dawn shot of absent mixed with water that was followed 491 00:30:46,400 --> 00:30:49,920 Speaker 1: with another shot, then six glasses of wine for lunch, 492 00:30:50,360 --> 00:30:53,040 Speaker 1: then one more glass before he left work, and then 493 00:30:53,040 --> 00:30:55,400 Speaker 1: on his way home he got some brandy laced coffee 494 00:30:55,400 --> 00:30:57,720 Speaker 1: at a cafe. That's where I thought it ended. But no. 495 00:30:58,320 --> 00:31:01,760 Speaker 1: Then when he got home here a liter of wine. 496 00:31:02,040 --> 00:31:04,080 Speaker 1: He and his wife got in a fight and he 497 00:31:04,120 --> 00:31:06,520 Speaker 1: grabbed a loaded rifle from the wall and shot her 498 00:31:06,600 --> 00:31:09,400 Speaker 1: in the head. The oldest daughter came to see what 499 00:31:09,440 --> 00:31:11,760 Speaker 1: the commotion was and he shot her two. Then he 500 00:31:11,800 --> 00:31:13,480 Speaker 1: took his rifle and went to the room of the 501 00:31:13,560 --> 00:31:17,400 Speaker 1: youngest daughter and shot her as well. Some sources wrote 502 00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:20,920 Speaker 1: that his wife was pregnant, so that's another victim. And 503 00:31:20,960 --> 00:31:23,760 Speaker 1: then he shot himself in the head, but he survived. 504 00:31:24,720 --> 00:31:29,680 Speaker 1: The community decided the Absinthe was to blame despite all 505 00:31:29,720 --> 00:31:32,800 Speaker 1: the other Yeah, it was the okay, sure, totally. In 506 00:31:32,800 --> 00:31:35,960 Speaker 1: a public address, the mayor named Absente as the direct 507 00:31:36,080 --> 00:31:40,320 Speaker 1: cause behind a quote series of bloody crimes. And it 508 00:31:40,360 --> 00:31:43,240 Speaker 1: took only a few days for a petition to ban 509 00:31:43,360 --> 00:31:46,960 Speaker 1: it to garner over eight two names. And this was 510 00:31:47,000 --> 00:31:50,760 Speaker 1: before online petitioning, So yeah, people were. People were up 511 00:31:50,760 --> 00:31:54,360 Speaker 1: in arms about it. Yeah, and then comes the press, 512 00:31:54,400 --> 00:31:58,720 Speaker 1: capitalizing on the anti absentthe sentiment growing throughout Europe, giving 513 00:31:58,760 --> 00:32:01,840 Speaker 1: it the name the Absinthe murder. One Swiss paper wrote 514 00:32:01,880 --> 00:32:06,400 Speaker 1: the premier cause of bloodthirsty crime in this century absinthe 515 00:32:07,400 --> 00:32:11,000 Speaker 1: Wow yeah um. When time came for Lamfrey's child, his 516 00:32:11,120 --> 00:32:13,400 Speaker 1: lawyers claimed it was an open and shut case of 517 00:32:13,440 --> 00:32:16,840 Speaker 1: absent madness. That defense didn't hold, and he was found 518 00:32:16,880 --> 00:32:20,280 Speaker 1: guilty on four counts of murder. On his third day 519 00:32:20,320 --> 00:32:24,120 Speaker 1: in jail, Lafrey hung himself. The canton, which was U 520 00:32:24,360 --> 00:32:28,040 Speaker 1: sort of a district or territory, outlawed absent a month later, 521 00:32:28,240 --> 00:32:31,360 Speaker 1: and a neighboring canton that suffered its own absence murder 522 00:32:31,400 --> 00:32:34,440 Speaker 1: did the same soon after. By nineteen ten, it was 523 00:32:34,480 --> 00:32:37,680 Speaker 1: illegal in all Switzerland, as well as the Netherlands and Belgium, 524 00:32:37,680 --> 00:32:40,800 Speaker 1: which had outlawed it in the nineteen o five. France 525 00:32:41,760 --> 00:32:45,120 Speaker 1: wasn't slowing down, though, going through about thirty six million 526 00:32:45,160 --> 00:32:49,240 Speaker 1: liters of absent per year in nineteen ten. The U 527 00:32:49,400 --> 00:32:52,160 Speaker 1: S Pure Food Board banned it in nineteen twelve with 528 00:32:52,240 --> 00:32:56,240 Speaker 1: these words, one of the worst enemies of man. And 529 00:32:56,280 --> 00:32:58,280 Speaker 1: if we can keep the people of the United States 530 00:32:58,280 --> 00:33:02,240 Speaker 1: from becoming slaves to this demon, we will do it. Wow. 531 00:33:02,320 --> 00:33:03,520 Speaker 1: I feel like we need a lot of like like 532 00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:08,000 Speaker 1: Gavel noises in the back. It's a very fist pounding 533 00:33:08,120 --> 00:33:11,200 Speaker 1: kind of episode. It is. France did go on to 534 00:33:11,320 --> 00:33:14,400 Speaker 1: ban it in nineteen fifteen. The government blamed it for 535 00:33:14,440 --> 00:33:18,040 Speaker 1: alcoholism in the country and for the French army up 536 00:33:18,040 --> 00:33:22,760 Speaker 1: to of men failed the army's health test, so they 537 00:33:22,760 --> 00:33:25,360 Speaker 1: were like, it's time to shape up and stop drinking 538 00:33:25,360 --> 00:33:28,520 Speaker 1: this absence stuff. Oh yeah, and that ban, as we said, 539 00:33:28,560 --> 00:33:31,680 Speaker 1: what wasn't lifted in France until and even then it 540 00:33:31,760 --> 00:33:35,480 Speaker 1: was basically under economic pressure provided by Switzerland having lifted 541 00:33:35,480 --> 00:33:37,320 Speaker 1: that ban into two thousand five and the US and 542 00:33:37,320 --> 00:33:41,160 Speaker 1: two thousand seven. Yeah. But this brings us to the 543 00:33:41,200 --> 00:33:45,240 Speaker 1: appertaining question. Was there really a difference and a danger 544 00:33:45,640 --> 00:33:50,280 Speaker 1: between absinthe drunk and good old regular drunk. We'll get 545 00:33:50,320 --> 00:33:52,640 Speaker 1: into that after we get into one last break for 546 00:33:52,680 --> 00:34:05,280 Speaker 1: a word from our sponsors, and we're back. Thank you sponsors. 547 00:34:06,200 --> 00:34:09,640 Speaker 1: So what's the deal with all this absinthe madness? Does 548 00:34:09,640 --> 00:34:16,480 Speaker 1: it really cause hallucinations? Will it drive you insane? Will it? No? Okay? 549 00:34:16,800 --> 00:34:18,719 Speaker 1: The absence that was being sold in the mid eight 550 00:34:18,920 --> 00:34:21,800 Speaker 1: hundreds was around a hundred and ten to a hundred 551 00:34:21,800 --> 00:34:27,920 Speaker 1: and forty proof. That's like alcohol by volume. Your average liquor, 552 00:34:28,000 --> 00:34:30,440 Speaker 1: by the way, like gin or whiskey, r vodka today 553 00:34:30,480 --> 00:34:34,520 Speaker 1: is about eight to nine proof or about forty alcohol 554 00:34:34,560 --> 00:34:38,080 Speaker 1: by volume, which means that drink for drink people were 555 00:34:38,080 --> 00:34:43,440 Speaker 1: mostly just getting drank yeah yeah um, and maybe lightly 556 00:34:43,520 --> 00:34:47,680 Speaker 1: poisoned by cheaply distilled alcohol base, especially as the wine 557 00:34:47,680 --> 00:34:51,000 Speaker 1: plaguement that good quality grape distill it became scarce and 558 00:34:51,120 --> 00:34:53,880 Speaker 1: producers turned to cheap stuff like beats and grains and 559 00:34:54,040 --> 00:34:56,719 Speaker 1: cheap manufacturing methods that might have led to adulter in 560 00:34:56,960 --> 00:35:00,520 Speaker 1: like copper sulfate or chloride getting bottled in along the booze. 561 00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:02,839 Speaker 1: Uh you know, same as the problem with cheap gin 562 00:35:02,920 --> 00:35:07,239 Speaker 1: in England around the same period of Totally there's a 563 00:35:07,280 --> 00:35:11,120 Speaker 1: myth that these absence were made with more wormwood and 564 00:35:11,160 --> 00:35:14,920 Speaker 1: thus contained more to jon than modern absence, but that 565 00:35:15,000 --> 00:35:19,279 Speaker 1: conclusion was based in bad science. Contemporary absence contained as 566 00:35:19,360 --> 00:35:23,120 Speaker 1: much or less to joan as modern stuff does, and 567 00:35:23,320 --> 00:35:26,759 Speaker 1: laws current laws do say that absence must contain less 568 00:35:26,760 --> 00:35:30,360 Speaker 1: than ten milligrams of t jon per leader of alcohol 569 00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:33,279 Speaker 1: in the U s y. Yeah, in the EU it's 570 00:35:33,280 --> 00:35:37,760 Speaker 1: more like thirty five milligrams, but that doesn't really matter anyway. Oh. 571 00:35:37,800 --> 00:35:40,720 Speaker 1: A research in the mid twentieth century revealed that although 572 00:35:40,840 --> 00:35:44,000 Speaker 1: to joan and the active ingredient in cannabis. Th HC 573 00:35:44,440 --> 00:35:48,480 Speaker 1: have a similar molecular structure to zone, doesn't trigger cannabinoid 574 00:35:48,520 --> 00:35:52,680 Speaker 1: receptors the way that th HC does. It does, however, 575 00:35:53,560 --> 00:35:56,880 Speaker 1: to joan inhibit a process in the brain, which in 576 00:35:57,040 --> 00:36:00,120 Speaker 1: very large doses means that it can cause muscles, as 577 00:36:00,239 --> 00:36:03,319 Speaker 1: ms and convulsions. But really, like you'd have to be 578 00:36:03,360 --> 00:36:06,279 Speaker 1: consuming pure warm with oil to get this effect the 579 00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:10,240 Speaker 1: amount in absinthe, you'd pass out a long time before 580 00:36:10,320 --> 00:36:15,720 Speaker 1: you could get poisoned by the two zone, right, So yeah, drunkenness, Yeah, 581 00:36:15,960 --> 00:36:18,280 Speaker 1: I mean, I guess if you're getting there much faster 582 00:36:18,400 --> 00:36:22,360 Speaker 1: than you're used to on anything else, I mean drunk drunkeness. 583 00:36:22,360 --> 00:36:24,879 Speaker 1: And they were, they were high on life. I'm sure 584 00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:28,000 Speaker 1: they weren't high on anything else. Oh yeah, absolutely not, 585 00:36:28,320 --> 00:36:33,120 Speaker 1: no way. Um oh and other science note. Absinthe is 586 00:36:33,160 --> 00:36:37,400 Speaker 1: made by taking um, a high proof, colorless flavorless alcohol, 587 00:36:37,680 --> 00:36:40,960 Speaker 1: and then redistilling it with a steam bag or maceration 588 00:36:41,080 --> 00:36:45,680 Speaker 1: of your botanicals. Again just like gin. Yeah. Yeah. Traditionally, 589 00:36:45,840 --> 00:36:47,799 Speaker 1: you get the color into a little bit of extra 590 00:36:47,840 --> 00:36:51,400 Speaker 1: flavor and absent by soaking another bag of botanicals in 591 00:36:51,440 --> 00:36:55,640 Speaker 1: that distillate. Afterward, the green coloration of absinthe was from 592 00:36:55,719 --> 00:37:00,400 Speaker 1: chlorophyll from the herbs leaves. Due to that second mass serration, 593 00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:03,880 Speaker 1: the colorful molecules would break down when exposed to sunlight, though, 594 00:37:03,880 --> 00:37:05,879 Speaker 1: which is part of why absinthe was bottled in those 595 00:37:06,120 --> 00:37:10,680 Speaker 1: green or sort of cloudy or sort of cloudy green bottles. Also, 596 00:37:10,680 --> 00:37:14,120 Speaker 1: they're just pretty. Yeah, the color today maybe artificial, as 597 00:37:14,160 --> 00:37:16,960 Speaker 1: it is more expensive to do that final maceration soak 598 00:37:17,040 --> 00:37:18,680 Speaker 1: than it is to just you know, toss in some 599 00:37:18,719 --> 00:37:20,480 Speaker 1: food coloring. But as we said at the top of 600 00:37:20,480 --> 00:37:23,640 Speaker 1: the episode, that is illegal to be called absinthe in 601 00:37:23,719 --> 00:37:28,200 Speaker 1: some some places like Switzerland, absent just has this whole 602 00:37:29,320 --> 00:37:33,840 Speaker 1: mystique to it. That's a good word. Um, it is beautiful. 603 00:37:34,040 --> 00:37:37,600 Speaker 1: It is and I think I um, the first time 604 00:37:37,640 --> 00:37:39,640 Speaker 1: I heard of it, it was I can't believe this 605 00:37:39,680 --> 00:37:41,760 Speaker 1: is the second time we're going to mention Bulan rouge 606 00:37:42,280 --> 00:37:45,239 Speaker 1: on food stuff, the beginning of food stuff like a 607 00:37:45,320 --> 00:37:49,160 Speaker 1: Wamacgregor goes to Paris and drinks absynth and he sees 608 00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:51,200 Speaker 1: the green fairy at the beginning of mulan rug, at 609 00:37:51,200 --> 00:37:54,759 Speaker 1: the beginning of food stuff. Yes, yes, if that's how 610 00:37:54,800 --> 00:37:59,399 Speaker 1: food stuff becan for you, you're absolutely maybe it's maybe 611 00:37:59,400 --> 00:38:01,160 Speaker 1: there is uh, I mean there is a green ferry 612 00:38:01,160 --> 00:38:04,200 Speaker 1: at play, but yeah, yeah, yeah, it's just it's got 613 00:38:04,239 --> 00:38:08,719 Speaker 1: this kind of fascinating it has such a feel to 614 00:38:08,880 --> 00:38:11,600 Speaker 1: it that we've we've put on it. But I think 615 00:38:11,640 --> 00:38:14,359 Speaker 1: it's really really interesting. It's all. It's all about that 616 00:38:14,360 --> 00:38:17,359 Speaker 1: that milky swirl. For me, it's so perlescent and just 617 00:38:17,800 --> 00:38:23,200 Speaker 1: pretty to look at. Ye like it is magic. It's nanotechnology. 618 00:38:23,360 --> 00:38:31,920 Speaker 1: That is awesome. Yeah. So that's Absent. Yeah, yeah, And 619 00:38:31,960 --> 00:38:34,760 Speaker 1: that brings us to the end of this classic episode. 620 00:38:34,800 --> 00:38:37,640 Speaker 1: We hope that you enjoyed it as much as we did, 621 00:38:37,880 --> 00:38:42,400 Speaker 1: and it certainly has had We've mentioned Absent and numerous 622 00:38:42,440 --> 00:38:45,480 Speaker 1: episodes because it did have quite an impact, especially on 623 00:38:45,520 --> 00:38:50,239 Speaker 1: the cocktail in the cocktail world. Yeah, yeah, we we 624 00:38:50,280 --> 00:38:53,520 Speaker 1: still need to we still need to dig into the 625 00:38:53,719 --> 00:38:58,080 Speaker 1: French wine grape light. Yes, oh yeah, we do need 626 00:38:58,120 --> 00:39:02,160 Speaker 1: to do that, um, because they had massive impact. Sure. 627 00:39:02,880 --> 00:39:06,080 Speaker 1: And also, I mean in these are times of well 628 00:39:06,239 --> 00:39:08,760 Speaker 1: my times of multiple Star Wars holidays, I was looking 629 00:39:08,800 --> 00:39:13,360 Speaker 1: through I was looking through some Star Wars recipes and 630 00:39:13,400 --> 00:39:15,879 Speaker 1: cookbooks and a lot of them do use Absent because 631 00:39:15,920 --> 00:39:19,839 Speaker 1: of the color. I largely suspect. Oh sure, yeah, yeah, 632 00:39:20,160 --> 00:39:22,640 Speaker 1: but I got some I got some idea, some thoughts, 633 00:39:24,040 --> 00:39:27,080 Speaker 1: whip up something new, yeah, totally. Oh and UM, I 634 00:39:27,160 --> 00:39:32,080 Speaker 1: wonder I wonder if you could do something. I wonder 635 00:39:32,120 --> 00:39:34,239 Speaker 1: if you could do something with like a butterfly, pea 636 00:39:34,280 --> 00:39:39,480 Speaker 1: flowers in combination with an absent or an uzo situation, 637 00:39:40,560 --> 00:39:42,160 Speaker 1: Like if you could get one of the gin's that 638 00:39:42,239 --> 00:39:45,600 Speaker 1: contains it or something like that, um, and then pair 639 00:39:45,719 --> 00:39:48,680 Speaker 1: that with an absent there uzo so that you could 640 00:39:48,719 --> 00:39:54,680 Speaker 1: get the combined uh milkiness that you get when you 641 00:39:54,719 --> 00:39:58,080 Speaker 1: add water to an absent with the color change, do 642 00:39:58,120 --> 00:40:01,759 Speaker 1: a whole thing. You're a gene is, Lauren, you are 643 00:40:01,880 --> 00:40:04,399 Speaker 1: a genius. I mean, it's an honor to know you. 644 00:40:04,440 --> 00:40:10,080 Speaker 1: I'm very excited about this, Okay, giving me ideas, all right, 645 00:40:10,320 --> 00:40:16,960 Speaker 1: this is like really excitement I feel right now. Great. Yeah. Well, oh, listeners, 646 00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:21,160 Speaker 1: if you have any ideas, yeah, please send them to us. 647 00:40:21,200 --> 00:40:24,000 Speaker 1: Our email is hello at savor pod dot com. We're 648 00:40:24,040 --> 00:40:27,000 Speaker 1: also on social media. You can find us on Twitter, Facebook, 649 00:40:27,040 --> 00:40:29,600 Speaker 1: and Instagram at saver pod and we do hope to 650 00:40:29,600 --> 00:40:32,160 Speaker 1: hear from you. Savor is production of I Heart Radio. 651 00:40:32,280 --> 00:40:34,480 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from my Heart Radio. You can visit 652 00:40:34,520 --> 00:40:37,399 Speaker 1: the Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen 653 00:40:37,440 --> 00:40:40,480 Speaker 1: to your favorite shows. Thanks as always to our superproducers 654 00:40:40,560 --> 00:40:43,160 Speaker 1: Dylan Fagan and Andrew Howard. Thanks to you for listening, 655 00:40:43,200 --> 00:40:44,959 Speaker 1: and we hope that lots more good things are coming 656 00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:45,399 Speaker 1: your way.