1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:27,639 Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of iHeartRadio. Welcome back to 2 00:00:27,680 --> 00:00:31,240 Speaker 1: the show Ridiculous Historians. Thank you, as always so much 3 00:00:31,320 --> 00:00:35,840 Speaker 1: for tuning in. Shout out to our super producer mister 4 00:00:35,960 --> 00:00:40,240 Speaker 1: Max Williams on this of all days. 5 00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:46,760 Speaker 2: Yeah, Max leap Year Williams, Quantum Leapier Williams. 6 00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:49,720 Speaker 1: And shout out to thirty Rock for Leapier Williams. Shout 7 00:00:49,720 --> 00:00:53,720 Speaker 1: out to Noel Brown. I am Ben Bollen. We have 8 00:00:54,360 --> 00:00:58,080 Speaker 1: a little bit of a poem that we would like 9 00:00:58,160 --> 00:01:01,240 Speaker 1: to perform for you at the top of today's show. 10 00:01:01,400 --> 00:01:04,840 Speaker 2: Can I first ask, though, do we have intel on 11 00:01:04,920 --> 00:01:07,240 Speaker 2: who this Mother Goose character really was? 12 00:01:08,280 --> 00:01:11,840 Speaker 3: It wasn't one person, Okay, they're pretty sure of that. 13 00:01:11,959 --> 00:01:16,880 Speaker 2: Okay, Yeah, probably Gary Oldman could definitely play a Mother 14 00:01:16,920 --> 00:01:19,200 Speaker 2: Goose type figure. Do you remember that Mother Goose show 15 00:01:19,280 --> 00:01:23,039 Speaker 2: with Shelley Duval where it was she would like. 16 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:24,440 Speaker 1: Very racy for Disney. 17 00:01:24,880 --> 00:01:26,720 Speaker 2: Yeah, it was a little bit I suppose, but she 18 00:01:26,720 --> 00:01:29,080 Speaker 2: would like I guess she sort of hosted it and 19 00:01:29,160 --> 00:01:32,199 Speaker 2: there was like different nursery rhymes and fables that would 20 00:01:32,200 --> 00:01:35,760 Speaker 2: be played out by various actors. But yeah, Mother Goose 21 00:01:36,520 --> 00:01:40,480 Speaker 2: a sort of I guess Hodgepodge amalgam of the childhood 22 00:01:41,080 --> 00:01:43,680 Speaker 2: lore and brother rock and Rhyme. 23 00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:45,720 Speaker 4: That's a good one. 24 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:48,520 Speaker 2: Yeah, the way was it? Well, the Shelley devaal one 25 00:01:48,600 --> 00:01:54,640 Speaker 2: was different though it was just called like right dang 26 00:01:54,760 --> 00:01:57,480 Speaker 2: right rock and rhyme. Holy cow, I know, yeah, I 27 00:01:57,600 --> 00:02:01,720 Speaker 2: remember that hat. She has this big, giant like beetlejuice 28 00:02:01,880 --> 00:02:02,800 Speaker 2: like type has. 29 00:02:03,360 --> 00:02:04,520 Speaker 4: Yeah, a little Richard Wow. 30 00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:06,720 Speaker 2: I'm sorry, Ben, I wasp in my mind, I was 31 00:02:06,760 --> 00:02:09,040 Speaker 2: picturing something less rockin and Ryman. 32 00:02:09,440 --> 00:02:14,079 Speaker 1: I was such a I remember being such a straight 33 00:02:14,160 --> 00:02:18,640 Speaker 1: waisd kid that when I saw Mother Goose's rock and Rhyme, 34 00:02:19,040 --> 00:02:22,280 Speaker 1: I immediately thought it was too racy. And I told 35 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:26,400 Speaker 1: my parents I snitched up. Oh my god, yeah, I know, 36 00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:31,840 Speaker 1: I know, And they said something like thirty days half September, April, June, 37 00:02:31,960 --> 00:02:36,320 Speaker 1: and November. All the rest have thirty one excepting February. 38 00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:40,560 Speaker 1: A lawn and that has twenty eight days clear and 39 00:02:40,680 --> 00:02:43,480 Speaker 1: twenty nine in each sleep year. 40 00:02:43,600 --> 00:02:45,680 Speaker 2: You know, you had me until the last two lines, 41 00:02:45,680 --> 00:02:48,000 Speaker 2: and then it just felt like a little convoluted, a 42 00:02:48,040 --> 00:02:49,320 Speaker 2: little overstuffed. 43 00:02:49,440 --> 00:02:53,119 Speaker 1: You know, you didn't like rhyming a lawn with thirty one. 44 00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:56,200 Speaker 2: I mean that was a youth thing. No, no, no, no, 45 00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:58,560 Speaker 2: I no, I was sold up until that lone. It's 46 00:02:58,560 --> 00:03:01,640 Speaker 2: the last two. I always felt like this. The last 47 00:03:01,639 --> 00:03:04,240 Speaker 2: two lines of this poem felt very tacked on, and 48 00:03:04,320 --> 00:03:06,920 Speaker 2: honestly I thought for the longest time. 49 00:03:06,880 --> 00:03:09,840 Speaker 4: That they were, like, not part of the original poem. 50 00:03:09,880 --> 00:03:14,720 Speaker 2: This is some addendum to explain leapier to idiot children, 51 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:17,240 Speaker 2: and that has twenty eight days clear at twenty nine 52 00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:19,760 Speaker 2: and each I guess it does rhyme leapier. What the 53 00:03:19,800 --> 00:03:23,320 Speaker 2: hell is a leapier? I've never fully understood, And I 54 00:03:23,360 --> 00:03:26,800 Speaker 2: know I probably know enough at least to shepherd my 55 00:03:26,919 --> 00:03:29,120 Speaker 2: part of this episode through, and I will, but for 56 00:03:29,160 --> 00:03:32,040 Speaker 2: the sake of questions out in the audience and the 57 00:03:32,120 --> 00:03:35,880 Speaker 2: ridiculous historians of the world, Leapier is always, I think 58 00:03:35,920 --> 00:03:38,920 Speaker 2: too many been a little bit of a daunting kind 59 00:03:38,920 --> 00:03:41,680 Speaker 2: of head scratcher, like what is it about? What is 60 00:03:41,720 --> 00:03:45,960 Speaker 2: its purpose? When is it? 61 00:03:45,360 --> 00:03:47,320 Speaker 1: Why is it? 62 00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:50,880 Speaker 4: Why? Where do you get off work? 63 00:03:52,640 --> 00:03:56,680 Speaker 1: You don't? Actually is it like an eclipse. It is 64 00:03:56,720 --> 00:04:02,320 Speaker 1: an interclarie date. It is added every four years to 65 00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:06,760 Speaker 1: make up for the imperfections of the human calendar. 66 00:04:06,400 --> 00:04:08,480 Speaker 4: Except for the four years where it doesn't get at it. 67 00:04:08,720 --> 00:04:10,360 Speaker 1: Except for those four years. 68 00:04:10,360 --> 00:04:15,320 Speaker 2: Now, Yeah, I understood, and now I no, No, it's okay, man, No, 69 00:04:15,640 --> 00:04:17,760 Speaker 2: we'll get to it, don't right, We're getting to it. 70 00:04:17,880 --> 00:04:23,280 Speaker 1: Yeah, so okay, there you have quite astute observation about 71 00:04:23,320 --> 00:04:26,400 Speaker 1: that nursery rhyme, because you're not the only one who 72 00:04:26,400 --> 00:04:31,960 Speaker 1: feels it is weird. Yeah, once they add February Max, 73 00:04:32,160 --> 00:04:33,520 Speaker 1: Max also doesn't get it. 74 00:04:33,720 --> 00:04:35,720 Speaker 2: I do love No, sorry, bet, it's only just not 75 00:04:35,880 --> 00:04:38,839 Speaker 2: hitting me or rhyming of thirty one with Alum. 76 00:04:39,120 --> 00:04:43,599 Speaker 4: That's very English, great tales of you. 77 00:04:43,680 --> 00:04:46,240 Speaker 1: We're working with what we have, I know, which is 78 00:04:46,279 --> 00:04:51,479 Speaker 1: also a statement about the calendar system. The thing is, 79 00:04:51,560 --> 00:04:56,760 Speaker 1: February has always been one of the most anomalois of months. 80 00:04:57,000 --> 00:05:00,279 Speaker 1: It is typically the shortest month, with only two twenty 81 00:05:00,320 --> 00:05:05,360 Speaker 1: eight days, and then every once in a while they 82 00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:07,839 Speaker 1: add a twenty ninth day. And if you are listening 83 00:05:07,880 --> 00:05:11,280 Speaker 1: to this episode, the day it comes out, welcome to 84 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:16,080 Speaker 1: leap Here, it's February twenty ninth. Happy birthday. I guess 85 00:05:17,320 --> 00:05:20,039 Speaker 1: to a small percentage of the population, that's got. 86 00:05:19,839 --> 00:05:20,120 Speaker 4: To be real. 87 00:05:20,600 --> 00:05:22,680 Speaker 3: Talking to someone recently, I don't remember who was, but 88 00:05:22,720 --> 00:05:25,960 Speaker 3: it's like they had a sibling who's anniversary of the 89 00:05:25,960 --> 00:05:26,520 Speaker 3: twenty ninth. 90 00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:29,240 Speaker 1: What do they do other years? 91 00:05:29,600 --> 00:05:34,560 Speaker 2: Exactly? This is the day that doesn't exist. It's it's 92 00:05:34,760 --> 00:05:36,880 Speaker 2: it's like the thirteenth floor, you know. 93 00:05:37,400 --> 00:05:41,400 Speaker 1: That reminds me of what is it? Sideways Stories from 94 00:05:41,400 --> 00:05:42,719 Speaker 1: Wayside High right? 95 00:05:42,920 --> 00:05:45,880 Speaker 2: That was one of those good Scholastic series kind of right, yeah, 96 00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:49,200 Speaker 2: book fair fodder. But no, I didn't look okay. I 97 00:05:49,240 --> 00:05:51,200 Speaker 2: think my I'm sorry, I'm coming in hot on this. 98 00:05:51,320 --> 00:05:53,720 Speaker 2: I seem like I'm really mad at leap here, and 99 00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:56,160 Speaker 2: I guess I kind of am. But I'm also just 100 00:05:56,240 --> 00:05:59,320 Speaker 2: kind of mad at America's I me guess it's more 101 00:05:59,320 --> 00:06:04,479 Speaker 2: than just America. But it's certain things that just remain 102 00:06:04,680 --> 00:06:07,039 Speaker 2: the same because they always. 103 00:06:06,600 --> 00:06:08,760 Speaker 1: Were, because they were normally. 104 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:11,839 Speaker 2: Right, you know, like like not using the metric system 105 00:06:11,880 --> 00:06:14,719 Speaker 2: for example, that is a gripe against America. 106 00:06:14,800 --> 00:06:17,239 Speaker 4: It makes no sense and it makes us look look foolish. 107 00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:18,760 Speaker 3: I don't know, I'm gonna say this right now. After 108 00:06:18,880 --> 00:06:21,400 Speaker 3: researching this, I came into it with that stance, and 109 00:06:21,440 --> 00:06:24,680 Speaker 3: then seeing the alternative, I'm like, no, actually, I'm kind 110 00:06:24,680 --> 00:06:26,320 Speaker 3: of fine keeping with the Greg Goryan calendar. 111 00:06:26,360 --> 00:06:27,400 Speaker 4: I don't mind the leap year. 112 00:06:27,760 --> 00:06:31,400 Speaker 3: I don't want to know mostly products that I read 113 00:06:31,400 --> 00:06:33,159 Speaker 3: an article written by the person who really wants to 114 00:06:33,200 --> 00:06:35,480 Speaker 3: change it. I'm like, you are so petty. I want 115 00:06:35,520 --> 00:06:37,480 Speaker 3: to keep the Greg Goryan calendar to spite you. 116 00:06:37,920 --> 00:06:40,400 Speaker 1: It's sort of like it's sort of like that old 117 00:06:40,480 --> 00:06:45,240 Speaker 1: quote about democracy, democracy, and the worst one except for 118 00:06:45,400 --> 00:06:46,240 Speaker 1: all the other one. 119 00:06:46,440 --> 00:06:48,279 Speaker 2: And then you read my mind. It's almost like we 120 00:06:48,360 --> 00:06:50,560 Speaker 2: hang out a lot. I was literally thinking the same thing. 121 00:06:50,720 --> 00:06:52,360 Speaker 2: That is very accurate. 122 00:06:52,440 --> 00:06:52,760 Speaker 4: It is. 123 00:06:52,960 --> 00:06:54,960 Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean sometimes you got it, like you said, 124 00:06:54,960 --> 00:06:56,200 Speaker 2: like we do here on the show. You got to 125 00:06:56,200 --> 00:06:58,960 Speaker 2: do the best with what you've got, and even if 126 00:06:59,040 --> 00:07:04,640 Speaker 2: it is imperfect, sometimes imperfect is many times better than 127 00:07:04,680 --> 00:07:05,360 Speaker 2: the alternative. 128 00:07:05,600 --> 00:07:06,800 Speaker 4: And we're gonna find out why. 129 00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:09,159 Speaker 2: Honestly, I'm gonna learn along with you guys here because 130 00:07:09,279 --> 00:07:12,480 Speaker 2: I know the basics, but some of the details I'm 131 00:07:12,520 --> 00:07:14,120 Speaker 2: kind of keeping as a surprise. 132 00:07:14,600 --> 00:07:18,520 Speaker 1: We should also do, by the way etymology or providence 133 00:07:18,760 --> 00:07:22,000 Speaker 1: of the names for days of the week. Oh love 134 00:07:22,040 --> 00:07:24,000 Speaker 1: that that's gonna be a fun way. Yeah, yeah, of course. 135 00:07:25,080 --> 00:07:28,440 Speaker 1: Right now, we're all learning together here. We want to 136 00:07:28,480 --> 00:07:33,120 Speaker 1: start with Alan Longstaff, who writes for the National Maritime 137 00:07:33,200 --> 00:07:36,440 Speaker 1: Museum in two thousand and five and says the following. 138 00:07:36,440 --> 00:07:40,960 Speaker 5: All human societies have developed ways to determine the length 139 00:07:41,040 --> 00:07:44,400 Speaker 5: of the year, when the year should begin, and how 140 00:07:44,480 --> 00:07:49,720 Speaker 5: to divide into manageable units of time, such as months, weeks, 141 00:07:49,840 --> 00:07:50,600 Speaker 5: and days. 142 00:07:51,440 --> 00:07:54,280 Speaker 1: And then he talks about how people have always tried 143 00:07:54,320 --> 00:07:58,760 Speaker 1: to do this with I'm gonna be honest, midling success. 144 00:07:58,560 --> 00:08:02,400 Speaker 2: I bet Alan Longstaff has sort of a big jumbo 145 00:08:02,440 --> 00:08:03,160 Speaker 2: type situation. 146 00:08:03,240 --> 00:08:05,360 Speaker 4: What do you guys think? I hope so much. 147 00:08:07,800 --> 00:08:08,000 Speaker 5: Is. 148 00:08:08,520 --> 00:08:14,360 Speaker 1: He also notes that people don't really as a species 149 00:08:14,880 --> 00:08:19,520 Speaker 1: remember when folks started counting the passage of time. It 150 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:24,600 Speaker 1: is such an old trend, such an old impetus. That 151 00:08:24,920 --> 00:08:28,320 Speaker 1: is earliest civilization since time immemorial. 152 00:08:28,640 --> 00:08:31,920 Speaker 2: Dare we say, because yeah, it does make sense, because 153 00:08:32,840 --> 00:08:36,960 Speaker 2: without some sort of codified way of keeping track of time, 154 00:08:37,520 --> 00:08:41,160 Speaker 2: the mind almost loses form, you know what I mean, 155 00:08:41,280 --> 00:08:44,920 Speaker 2: Like it loses it's a sense of self and sense 156 00:08:44,960 --> 00:08:49,280 Speaker 2: of order of operations and just things like it really 157 00:08:49,320 --> 00:08:52,480 Speaker 2: is such a we're so used to it being, you know, 158 00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:56,920 Speaker 2: just a staple of human civilization that think about the alternative, 159 00:08:56,960 --> 00:08:59,040 Speaker 2: like what if there was no way of counting time? 160 00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:03,040 Speaker 4: You just becod of like floating willy nilly in space. 161 00:09:03,480 --> 00:09:07,400 Speaker 1: Like that deep time experiment we talked about a little 162 00:09:07,400 --> 00:09:11,520 Speaker 1: while back, maybe last year, when a bunch of French 163 00:09:11,679 --> 00:09:13,720 Speaker 1: researchers locked those folks in a cave. 164 00:09:14,800 --> 00:09:21,120 Speaker 4: Remember how'd that go? Flies each other? It went? 165 00:09:21,240 --> 00:09:26,720 Speaker 1: It got weird because for most of human history people 166 00:09:26,920 --> 00:09:31,680 Speaker 1: existed growing, gathering, and hunting food. So you moved with 167 00:09:32,320 --> 00:09:36,840 Speaker 1: the seasons, right you Before the advent of the electric light, 168 00:09:37,240 --> 00:09:40,760 Speaker 1: there was one big light. It was the sun. And 169 00:09:40,840 --> 00:09:44,480 Speaker 1: when when the sun was gone, you know, you were 170 00:09:44,679 --> 00:09:47,120 Speaker 1: you were kind of done for the day, unless you 171 00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:48,160 Speaker 1: were up to skullduggery. 172 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:49,000 Speaker 4: That's right. 173 00:09:49,720 --> 00:09:53,000 Speaker 2: Nothing good happens after the sun goes down, or all 174 00:09:53,040 --> 00:09:54,040 Speaker 2: the good things happen after. 175 00:09:53,960 --> 00:09:55,760 Speaker 4: The sun goes down, depends on who you are. 176 00:09:55,880 --> 00:09:58,160 Speaker 2: But it even reminds me of like, you know, the 177 00:09:58,240 --> 00:10:00,720 Speaker 2: idea of being shipwrecked perhaps or in prison? 178 00:10:01,280 --> 00:10:02,199 Speaker 4: What did people do? 179 00:10:02,559 --> 00:10:05,760 Speaker 2: They mark the passage of time like with tick marks, 180 00:10:05,800 --> 00:10:08,400 Speaker 2: you know, on a stone or on the wall or whatever, 181 00:10:08,480 --> 00:10:12,360 Speaker 2: because it keeps you sane. It's a way, it's just 182 00:10:12,400 --> 00:10:14,679 Speaker 2: a very human impulse. And the question is sort of 183 00:10:14,679 --> 00:10:17,360 Speaker 2: a chicken or the egg thing, like do we keep 184 00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:20,800 Speaker 2: track of time because we always have kept track of time? 185 00:10:21,080 --> 00:10:23,360 Speaker 2: Or do we keep track of time because our minds, 186 00:10:23,960 --> 00:10:26,360 Speaker 2: and you know, constitutions kind of crave it. 187 00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:31,760 Speaker 1: That's true. Right, to what degree does the mind require structure? 188 00:10:31,920 --> 00:10:35,360 Speaker 1: And to what degree does the mind impose structure? Right? 189 00:10:35,360 --> 00:10:38,160 Speaker 1: And how closely related are those things? We know that 190 00:10:38,640 --> 00:10:42,200 Speaker 1: for early civilizations they were vary in tune with the 191 00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:46,360 Speaker 1: passage of the natural world. So they would know that 192 00:10:46,440 --> 00:10:48,760 Speaker 1: a winter was coming up, right, and they would be 193 00:10:48,880 --> 00:10:54,120 Speaker 1: able to predict to some degree how difficult that winter 194 00:10:54,240 --> 00:10:57,280 Speaker 1: might be. They would definitely know they needed to conserve 195 00:10:57,360 --> 00:11:01,680 Speaker 1: food or figure something out before the weather turned on them. 196 00:11:02,240 --> 00:11:06,840 Speaker 1: It's also weird because the idea of a year being 197 00:11:06,920 --> 00:11:10,959 Speaker 1: three hundred and sixty five days long dates all the 198 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:16,120 Speaker 1: way back to four thousand and five hundred BCE. We 199 00:11:16,200 --> 00:11:18,640 Speaker 1: don't know exactly when it happened, but we know by 200 00:11:18,720 --> 00:11:23,480 Speaker 1: that point Egyptian civilization had already said, okay, this is 201 00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:25,880 Speaker 1: what a year is. They were like, everybody, be cool, 202 00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:29,240 Speaker 1: there'll be eclipses, there'll be a solstice or two. 203 00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:33,839 Speaker 2: It's interesting to the need to compartmentalize time in that 204 00:11:33,880 --> 00:11:36,360 Speaker 2: way too, like, isn't it enough just to measure it 205 00:11:36,440 --> 00:11:38,720 Speaker 2: day to day? At what point did someone realize, no, 206 00:11:38,840 --> 00:11:43,480 Speaker 2: we need to catalog history, and in order to do that, 207 00:11:43,520 --> 00:11:47,320 Speaker 2: we have to have larger units of time. So good 208 00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:49,839 Speaker 2: on the Egyptians because we're still rocking that three hundred 209 00:11:49,840 --> 00:11:52,600 Speaker 2: and sixty five day a year calendar to this day. 210 00:11:53,120 --> 00:11:56,280 Speaker 2: And again, this is a level of precision and thought 211 00:11:56,559 --> 00:11:58,600 Speaker 2: that is well beyond that of what you were talking 212 00:11:58,600 --> 00:12:01,839 Speaker 2: about Ben just tracking light for purposes of crops and 213 00:12:02,160 --> 00:12:04,800 Speaker 2: hunting and whatever. You know, the way the conditions changed, 214 00:12:04,880 --> 00:12:10,680 Speaker 2: this was something that was very tied to seriously religious 215 00:12:10,720 --> 00:12:15,400 Speaker 2: beliefs and you know, being able to have certain benchmarks 216 00:12:15,440 --> 00:12:19,160 Speaker 2: in the year that would involve worship, you know, of 217 00:12:19,240 --> 00:12:21,680 Speaker 2: deities and festivals and things like that. 218 00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:24,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, the sun is mad at us. We have to 219 00:12:24,559 --> 00:12:28,480 Speaker 1: keep sacrificing people. What if it never comes back. 220 00:12:28,520 --> 00:12:33,040 Speaker 2: I'm sure ancient civilizations there were plenty of folks that 221 00:12:33,080 --> 00:12:33,800 Speaker 2: worried about that. 222 00:12:34,200 --> 00:12:38,360 Speaker 3: Do you guys know in the in Skyroom how the 223 00:12:38,400 --> 00:12:42,720 Speaker 3: Thalmore got the Khajit to ally with them? I do 224 00:12:42,840 --> 00:12:46,880 Speaker 3: not they take credits for bringing back the moons, because 225 00:12:46,920 --> 00:12:50,880 Speaker 3: the moons decide what type of Khijit you are. There's 226 00:12:50,880 --> 00:12:53,000 Speaker 3: like fifteen different we only see one of them in 227 00:12:53,040 --> 00:12:55,560 Speaker 3: the games. Was kind of kind of lay well, So far, 228 00:12:55,679 --> 00:12:57,760 Speaker 3: so far, so far. Aren't the kajit the ones that 229 00:12:57,800 --> 00:13:01,880 Speaker 3: are all hopped up on that moon sugar? Yeah, well 230 00:13:01,960 --> 00:13:05,840 Speaker 3: moon sugar in it, but it's may use it to 231 00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:11,160 Speaker 3: make schooma correct. They are profiled as move as drug dealers. 232 00:13:11,679 --> 00:13:15,560 Speaker 2: So you're saying that I'm I'm being stereotypical for fictional video. 233 00:13:16,080 --> 00:13:17,400 Speaker 4: Not you, not you. 234 00:13:17,520 --> 00:13:18,480 Speaker 1: I'm just saying that's like. 235 00:13:19,520 --> 00:13:22,320 Speaker 3: Also, they almost went they almost went extinct when pellan 236 00:13:22,360 --> 00:13:24,880 Speaker 3: Ol White Strike was running through just killing everyone and 237 00:13:25,080 --> 00:13:27,839 Speaker 3: streaming weird things out in the first era because you 238 00:13:27,880 --> 00:13:29,000 Speaker 3: thought they were all else. 239 00:13:30,520 --> 00:13:31,040 Speaker 1: Episode. 240 00:13:32,480 --> 00:13:37,280 Speaker 4: No, we're friends. I know. Look, I will say this. 241 00:13:37,400 --> 00:13:39,319 Speaker 4: I got the the new version of. 242 00:13:39,280 --> 00:13:41,760 Speaker 2: Skyrim and there was some update and all of a sudden, 243 00:13:41,840 --> 00:13:44,800 Speaker 2: it wasn't loading, and I thought my save game had 244 00:13:44,840 --> 00:13:45,520 Speaker 2: been corrupted. 245 00:13:45,760 --> 00:13:48,079 Speaker 4: But it turns out because of all the little add ons. 246 00:13:47,840 --> 00:13:51,560 Speaker 2: Where you can do these customized things and creator whatever 247 00:13:51,600 --> 00:13:54,679 Speaker 2: content created, there was some kind of glitch where it 248 00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:57,600 Speaker 2: was trying desperately to connect to the internet and it 249 00:13:57,640 --> 00:13:59,520 Speaker 2: wasn't working, and so it would just hang up, and 250 00:13:59,520 --> 00:14:01,960 Speaker 2: when I turned internet connection off it worked like a charm. 251 00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:04,160 Speaker 2: But boy, am I loving replaying that game and I'm 252 00:14:04,559 --> 00:14:06,240 Speaker 2: gonna finish it by God this time. 253 00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:07,559 Speaker 4: But yeah, no, it makes sense. 254 00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:10,920 Speaker 2: I mean, Skyrim is a depiction in video game form 255 00:14:11,080 --> 00:14:17,760 Speaker 2: of an ancient ancient civilization with superstitions and religion and rituals. 256 00:14:18,080 --> 00:14:21,840 Speaker 1: There we go. Yeah, it's squaring the it's squaring the 257 00:14:21,880 --> 00:14:23,760 Speaker 1: spirituality and the science. 258 00:14:23,920 --> 00:14:24,080 Speaker 4: Right. 259 00:14:24,160 --> 00:14:27,760 Speaker 1: It's actually, if you look at the big picture, it 260 00:14:27,920 --> 00:14:33,080 Speaker 1: is a relatively recent development in human civilization to separate 261 00:14:33,480 --> 00:14:37,840 Speaker 1: the idea of secular science and spirituality or religion. So 262 00:14:37,920 --> 00:14:41,480 Speaker 1: when people are figuring out calendars, they are looking at 263 00:14:41,520 --> 00:14:44,120 Speaker 1: the passage of the heavens, right, and they're assigning any 264 00:14:44,120 --> 00:14:50,080 Speaker 1: sort of cultural framework to it. The three primary calendar 265 00:14:50,200 --> 00:14:53,960 Speaker 1: types are gonna be the solar calendar, how does the 266 00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:57,680 Speaker 1: sun move? The lunar calendar what's going on with the moon? 267 00:14:58,080 --> 00:15:02,120 Speaker 1: And then the loney solar calendar, which is, how can 268 00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:05,920 Speaker 1: we make this more accurate or more complicated or. 269 00:15:05,840 --> 00:15:08,240 Speaker 4: Both I'm sorry, the Looney solar calendar. 270 00:15:08,280 --> 00:15:10,520 Speaker 2: The other the one where the sun has like a 271 00:15:10,600 --> 00:15:12,120 Speaker 2: crazy face drawn on him. 272 00:15:12,240 --> 00:15:16,600 Speaker 1: Yes, he's okay, cool, that's the one. The it's the 273 00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:19,520 Speaker 1: inspiration for the ancient religion of Looney Tunes. 274 00:15:19,600 --> 00:15:23,480 Speaker 2: Yeah, exactly, classic religion and This was again developed in 275 00:15:23,680 --> 00:15:26,400 Speaker 2: a different part of Egypt and northern Egypt, and this 276 00:15:26,560 --> 00:15:29,840 Speaker 2: was in order to keep tally of when the birth 277 00:15:29,920 --> 00:15:32,360 Speaker 2: of raw came back around. 278 00:15:32,760 --> 00:15:35,160 Speaker 1: Yeah, he was. He was pretty popular. He's kind of 279 00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:36,760 Speaker 1: like the tailor Swift of his day. 280 00:15:36,840 --> 00:15:39,480 Speaker 4: He's the sun god, right mm hm yeah, yeah yeah. 281 00:15:40,040 --> 00:15:45,160 Speaker 1: Early Hunters would migrate from Spain through France into what 282 00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:48,560 Speaker 1: we call the British Isles today, and those folks are 283 00:15:48,720 --> 00:15:54,280 Speaker 1: credited with creating a type of lunar calendar around thirty 284 00:15:54,280 --> 00:15:58,120 Speaker 1: four hundred to thirty three hundred BCE before Common Era. 285 00:15:58,440 --> 00:16:02,720 Speaker 1: And then there are other Obviously, the oldest calendars are 286 00:16:02,760 --> 00:16:07,560 Speaker 1: in places like Mesopotamia, right, like Sumerian stuff. You can 287 00:16:07,600 --> 00:16:10,920 Speaker 1: also see it in Greco Roman history. Of course, you 288 00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:14,560 Speaker 1: can see it in ancient Chinese kingdoms. But it wasn't 289 00:16:14,920 --> 00:16:21,200 Speaker 1: until Max maybe laugh here. It wasn't until one guy 290 00:16:21,240 --> 00:16:25,680 Speaker 1: in particular took over the Roman Empire that humanity got 291 00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:30,800 Speaker 1: their very first calendar that we're focusing on today. His 292 00:16:30,960 --> 00:16:42,360 Speaker 1: name Julius Caesar. He died, but a salad remains. You 293 00:16:42,400 --> 00:16:45,320 Speaker 1: can kill a man, but not an idea, dude. 294 00:16:45,600 --> 00:16:47,960 Speaker 2: I thought for the longest time that the Caesar salad 295 00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:50,280 Speaker 2: was something to do Julius Caesar. Not in the case, 296 00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:54,000 Speaker 2: not at all, was invented in Tijuana, Mexico, at a 297 00:16:54,040 --> 00:16:57,320 Speaker 2: hotel unrelated to Julius Caesar. 298 00:16:57,560 --> 00:16:59,720 Speaker 4: The guy may well have never eaten a green in 299 00:16:59,760 --> 00:17:00,520 Speaker 4: his life. 300 00:17:00,760 --> 00:17:04,199 Speaker 1: Like archimedies. Screw right, Archimedies had very little to do 301 00:17:04,280 --> 00:17:06,600 Speaker 1: with that. The Julian A lot. 302 00:17:06,440 --> 00:17:08,760 Speaker 4: Of people think the same thing about the Caesar salad, right. 303 00:17:08,640 --> 00:17:11,040 Speaker 1: Of course, yeah, I think we both did so. I 304 00:17:11,080 --> 00:17:16,680 Speaker 1: think that's otherwise. The Julian calendar is the predecessor of 305 00:17:16,920 --> 00:17:23,680 Speaker 1: the Gregorian calendar. So before salad our salad Dad becomes 306 00:17:23,720 --> 00:17:27,639 Speaker 1: the emperor, Roman society had been using something called the 307 00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:32,840 Speaker 1: Roman Republican calendar, and it was you know, obviously it's 308 00:17:32,880 --> 00:17:36,600 Speaker 1: pre Christian, and the way they explained it was through mythology. 309 00:17:37,359 --> 00:17:41,760 Speaker 1: That's how they rationalized their scientific observations. They said, hey, 310 00:17:41,800 --> 00:17:45,640 Speaker 1: you guys, remember Romulus, the guy who founded Rome. He 311 00:17:45,720 --> 00:17:49,199 Speaker 1: also said this is how time works. 312 00:17:49,480 --> 00:17:52,080 Speaker 2: Yeah he did, and once again, being first to market 313 00:17:52,119 --> 00:17:54,240 Speaker 2: with an idea, you know, it tends. 314 00:17:53,960 --> 00:17:58,960 Speaker 4: To take hold. So this is around seven thirty eight PC. 315 00:17:59,280 --> 00:18:03,520 Speaker 2: The dating system was actually, though likely the product of 316 00:18:03,680 --> 00:18:07,760 Speaker 2: evolution from the Greek lunar calendar, which was in turn 317 00:18:08,119 --> 00:18:11,280 Speaker 2: stolen from the Babylonian calendar. I guess I don't know. 318 00:18:11,320 --> 00:18:14,280 Speaker 2: Can you steal an idea for a calendar? Is it 319 00:18:14,320 --> 00:18:16,600 Speaker 2: just about giving credit? I'm sure they didn't give credit 320 00:18:16,640 --> 00:18:17,520 Speaker 2: to the Babylonians. 321 00:18:17,800 --> 00:18:24,440 Speaker 1: They probably felt that the preceding systems of time measurement 322 00:18:24,920 --> 00:18:28,359 Speaker 1: were normalized, and they they in each iteration, they felt 323 00:18:28,359 --> 00:18:30,840 Speaker 1: they were improving on it, even when that was not 324 00:18:31,080 --> 00:18:32,240 Speaker 1: necessarily the case. 325 00:18:32,359 --> 00:18:35,840 Speaker 2: And sometimes it was the case, but yes, not always necessarily. 326 00:18:36,560 --> 00:18:39,119 Speaker 2: So this is the thing they did. They did in 327 00:18:39,160 --> 00:18:43,560 Speaker 2: this case, they did somewhat improve it. They made it 328 00:18:43,600 --> 00:18:47,880 Speaker 2: a little less incorrect. However, they did not make it 329 00:18:48,320 --> 00:18:49,520 Speaker 2: exactly right. 330 00:18:50,320 --> 00:18:55,760 Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, so they this lunar calendar. It's a real 331 00:18:56,040 --> 00:18:58,439 Speaker 1: it's a real thward in the side of people who 332 00:18:58,440 --> 00:19:02,399 Speaker 1: are obsessed with time because as lunar calendars don't match 333 00:19:02,480 --> 00:19:07,080 Speaker 1: up with seasonal cycles of the earth. Weird thing about it, 334 00:19:07,359 --> 00:19:10,720 Speaker 1: and shout out to our friends at Encyclopedia Britannica. The 335 00:19:10,840 --> 00:19:15,720 Speaker 1: original Roman Republic calendar had ten months, had a total 336 00:19:15,800 --> 00:19:18,640 Speaker 1: year of three hundred and four days, and then they 337 00:19:18,720 --> 00:19:23,800 Speaker 1: had sixty one and one quarter leftover days. 338 00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:29,280 Speaker 2: And they over days, call us you need some extra days, 339 00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:32,639 Speaker 2: no rules. 340 00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:36,600 Speaker 1: So they had a gap, a pretty prominent gap during 341 00:19:36,640 --> 00:19:41,080 Speaker 1: the winter season. It took a couple of centuries for 342 00:19:41,200 --> 00:19:44,120 Speaker 1: everybody in Rome to say, hang on a tick. 343 00:19:44,960 --> 00:19:46,040 Speaker 4: This time I talked right. 344 00:19:46,440 --> 00:19:48,800 Speaker 2: At least if you're watching the television series Rome, wherever 345 00:19:49,119 --> 00:19:50,600 Speaker 2: explicably has British. 346 00:19:50,200 --> 00:19:54,959 Speaker 1: Accents, right, they're like something not quite ticktyboo hit. 347 00:19:56,920 --> 00:20:00,280 Speaker 4: They called each other governor all alls not right? The 348 00:20:00,280 --> 00:20:02,119 Speaker 4: agora right. 349 00:20:02,240 --> 00:20:05,480 Speaker 1: So, uh, there's a ruler you may or may not 350 00:20:05,560 --> 00:20:08,119 Speaker 1: have heard of. Numa Pompilius. 351 00:20:08,400 --> 00:20:08,520 Speaker 2: Uh. 352 00:20:09,080 --> 00:20:14,919 Speaker 1: Numa Pompilius is credited with being the inventor of January. Basic, 353 00:20:15,080 --> 00:20:18,439 Speaker 1: what a flex that is. He's like, I'm inventing a 354 00:20:18,480 --> 00:20:21,200 Speaker 1: month and they're like which one. He's like, the first one. 355 00:20:21,359 --> 00:20:27,160 Speaker 4: Yeah, I'm guessing it's named after Janis. Yeah is that right? 356 00:20:28,240 --> 00:20:30,359 Speaker 2: Just yes, Okay, it makes sense, and most of these 357 00:20:30,560 --> 00:20:34,440 Speaker 2: are named after gods for the most part, but yeah, Janus. 358 00:20:34,680 --> 00:20:34,959 Speaker 4: I know. 359 00:20:35,040 --> 00:20:38,760 Speaker 2: The film Imprint makes put out some excellent films. What 360 00:20:38,800 --> 00:20:42,520 Speaker 2: was Janus the god of is the god of beginnings 361 00:20:42,720 --> 00:20:50,119 Speaker 2: gate duality? That's two faces right, Yeah? Actually the logo 362 00:20:50,320 --> 00:20:53,160 Speaker 2: Janus Films Criterion baby, check it out. 363 00:20:53,480 --> 00:20:56,440 Speaker 1: But Numa didn't stop there at all. He also said, 364 00:20:57,040 --> 00:21:01,960 Speaker 1: we're putting February in the calendar. And at first it 365 00:21:02,080 --> 00:21:04,359 Speaker 1: was like, we're putting it at the end, and they 366 00:21:04,400 --> 00:21:07,680 Speaker 1: were like the Emperor's crazy man. 367 00:21:08,200 --> 00:21:11,760 Speaker 2: But who's what? What's February named after? I have no idea. 368 00:21:12,160 --> 00:21:13,320 Speaker 2: I know a lot of them, but I don't know 369 00:21:13,359 --> 00:21:13,800 Speaker 2: that one. 370 00:21:14,160 --> 00:21:21,600 Speaker 1: So the original name FEBRUARYUS, you know, like Aquarius, FEBRUARYUS is. 371 00:21:21,600 --> 00:21:23,000 Speaker 4: Generally roll off the tongue, doesn't. 372 00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:26,119 Speaker 1: It's not, you know, maybe it's our American accents, but 373 00:21:26,480 --> 00:21:30,120 Speaker 1: it comes from the Latin term februm purification. 374 00:21:30,440 --> 00:21:34,200 Speaker 2: Yeah, it was a festival actually of purification. For some reason, 375 00:21:34,240 --> 00:21:40,520 Speaker 2: a festival of purification sounds potentially nasty, clean yourself up exactly. 376 00:21:40,840 --> 00:21:42,840 Speaker 2: The idea was for it to be at the end, 377 00:21:43,160 --> 00:21:46,920 Speaker 2: but then it was initially in four to fifty two BCE, 378 00:21:47,600 --> 00:21:53,800 Speaker 2: moved between January and March, which, you know, that makes sense, 379 00:21:53,920 --> 00:21:54,520 Speaker 2: that's that's the one. 380 00:21:54,840 --> 00:21:55,760 Speaker 4: Sure, that's what we know. 381 00:21:56,280 --> 00:21:58,600 Speaker 2: And once again, all of these things, when you when 382 00:21:58,600 --> 00:22:01,200 Speaker 2: you examine them, you know, the way we are here, 383 00:22:01,880 --> 00:22:05,560 Speaker 2: they seem so arbitrary. But then something like the months 384 00:22:05,560 --> 00:22:09,719 Speaker 2: of the year it's like heresy to think that February 385 00:22:09,840 --> 00:22:13,040 Speaker 2: would be at the end, Like, what an idiotic idea? 386 00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:14,639 Speaker 4: But is it an idiotic idea? 387 00:22:14,720 --> 00:22:17,480 Speaker 2: It's just kind of a thing that it was a 388 00:22:17,600 --> 00:22:20,520 Speaker 2: choice that could have been made. 389 00:22:18,960 --> 00:22:21,720 Speaker 1: And it's like cleaning yourself up at the end. 390 00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:24,680 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's just I guess was it was it political 391 00:22:24,720 --> 00:22:26,359 Speaker 2: pressure that led to it being moved. 392 00:22:26,920 --> 00:22:32,840 Speaker 1: It was another attempt at accuracy and a great reckoning 393 00:22:33,040 --> 00:22:36,960 Speaker 1: of how to how to better quantify the passage of 394 00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:40,480 Speaker 1: the Earth in space, which is a very difficult question 395 00:22:40,560 --> 00:22:41,239 Speaker 1: to ask, you know. 396 00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:44,760 Speaker 2: So they and they barely understood any of the science 397 00:22:44,840 --> 00:22:47,520 Speaker 2: of it, and they're literally looking at sun up sundown 398 00:22:48,160 --> 00:22:50,719 Speaker 2: gets cold around this time, but they don't know anything 399 00:22:50,720 --> 00:22:54,520 Speaker 2: about the Earth being round or rotating, or what the 400 00:22:54,560 --> 00:22:57,720 Speaker 2: celestial bodies represented, or how the tides worked or anything 401 00:22:57,760 --> 00:22:58,040 Speaker 2: like that. 402 00:22:58,119 --> 00:23:01,639 Speaker 1: Right, some people did, but but there was not a uniform, 403 00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:06,479 Speaker 1: agreed upon consent, Like there wasn't a consensus about this. 404 00:23:06,600 --> 00:23:08,760 Speaker 1: There were a lot of very smart people at the 405 00:23:08,840 --> 00:23:11,880 Speaker 1: time who were able to measure these things, but they 406 00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:16,040 Speaker 1: didn't have the benefit of the global communication network that 407 00:23:16,160 --> 00:23:19,919 Speaker 1: humans enjoy today. So that's why it would take like 408 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:23,879 Speaker 1: centuries for people to agree that something was screwy with 409 00:23:23,960 --> 00:23:28,359 Speaker 1: the calendar. I mean, this pursuit of accuracy, which is 410 00:23:28,520 --> 00:23:31,680 Speaker 1: noble and well intentioned, had a lot of bumps along 411 00:23:31,680 --> 00:23:37,199 Speaker 1: the way. The Roman calendar, by the first century BCE, 412 00:23:38,440 --> 00:23:41,840 Speaker 1: was a messy bull of spaghetti. It was super confused. 413 00:23:42,119 --> 00:23:46,400 Speaker 1: They said, Okay, we're making it a lunar calendar. It's 414 00:23:46,400 --> 00:23:48,720 Speaker 1: going to be three hundred and fifty five days long. 415 00:23:49,320 --> 00:23:53,159 Speaker 1: But that's like a little more than ten days shorter 416 00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:57,399 Speaker 1: than the solar year. So every so often they would 417 00:23:57,440 --> 00:24:02,679 Speaker 1: just add an extra month called Sedonius, just to just 418 00:24:02,720 --> 00:24:06,000 Speaker 1: to keep the calendar I did, sort of in step 419 00:24:06,160 --> 00:24:07,040 Speaker 1: with the seasons. 420 00:24:07,800 --> 00:24:11,199 Speaker 2: Having it have a name, a special name, makes it 421 00:24:11,200 --> 00:24:12,800 Speaker 2: feel a little more festive to me. 422 00:24:14,640 --> 00:24:18,920 Speaker 3: Yes, well, no, you might like the alternate calendar proposition 423 00:24:18,960 --> 00:24:20,040 Speaker 3: that's going around now. 424 00:24:20,359 --> 00:24:21,440 Speaker 4: We'll get to that later though. 425 00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:24,600 Speaker 1: Oh I see, Okay, there's this other thing too. 426 00:24:25,080 --> 00:24:25,320 Speaker 4: Uh. 427 00:24:25,359 --> 00:24:31,600 Speaker 1: There's a lot of like investment in state or spiritual 428 00:24:31,960 --> 00:24:36,879 Speaker 1: powers and institutions. Who gets to say what day or 429 00:24:36,920 --> 00:24:39,840 Speaker 1: what year it is? Who gets the futs with the calendar? 430 00:24:40,359 --> 00:24:44,520 Speaker 1: The College of Pontiffs, the Pontiffects Maximus, those folks had 431 00:24:44,520 --> 00:24:46,880 Speaker 1: the authority to change the calendar. 432 00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:50,360 Speaker 2: Well, you know, maybe you know, a lesser scholar, perhaps, 433 00:24:50,440 --> 00:24:54,280 Speaker 2: you know, you could, you could certainly give your pitch like, hey, 434 00:24:54,359 --> 00:24:56,360 Speaker 2: I got this, I got this new calendar. 435 00:24:56,600 --> 00:25:00,560 Speaker 4: You know, check it out. Here's my power point, you know. 436 00:25:00,800 --> 00:25:07,160 Speaker 2: But ultimately, the authority to adopt a new calendar lay 437 00:25:07,240 --> 00:25:10,479 Speaker 2: with like the you know, the high mucketymunks of the time. 438 00:25:11,480 --> 00:25:15,359 Speaker 1: Yes, it very much. Pontiff is what is a pontiff? 439 00:25:15,840 --> 00:25:19,400 Speaker 1: A pontiff is like an ecclesiastical figure, like a bishop 440 00:25:19,480 --> 00:25:22,920 Speaker 1: of pope. It's like a uniformed officer for a church. 441 00:25:23,480 --> 00:25:27,960 Speaker 2: Isn't it funny though, how the passage of time has 442 00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:31,520 Speaker 2: a tendency to be associated with religion. 443 00:25:31,119 --> 00:25:31,640 Speaker 4: You know what I mean? 444 00:25:33,080 --> 00:25:36,159 Speaker 2: Because because again like all of the connections to the 445 00:25:36,760 --> 00:25:40,640 Speaker 2: various phases of time and the nature and all of that, 446 00:25:40,720 --> 00:25:44,400 Speaker 2: and then the way they are connected with religious deities, 447 00:25:44,600 --> 00:25:48,160 Speaker 2: and that carries on to things like the Gregorian calendar of. 448 00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:55,960 Speaker 1: Course, ah Greg yeah, classic, classic Greg. So they still 449 00:25:56,000 --> 00:25:59,840 Speaker 1: have all these problems with the Julian calendar. Uh, the 450 00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:05,440 Speaker 1: by the forties, sorry the forties BCE, the Roman secular 451 00:26:05,520 --> 00:26:08,800 Speaker 1: calendar is three months ahead of the solar calendar. It 452 00:26:08,840 --> 00:26:14,639 Speaker 1: doesn't make sense, it's bad for business. Caesar himself talks 453 00:26:14,680 --> 00:26:20,200 Speaker 1: to astronomer from Alexandria who introduces the Egyptian solar calendar, 454 00:26:20,520 --> 00:26:23,280 Speaker 1: and then they agree based on the thing the Egyptians 455 00:26:23,400 --> 00:26:26,879 Speaker 1: had already figured out that the year should be three 456 00:26:26,960 --> 00:26:30,919 Speaker 1: hundred and sixty five and wait for it, one fourth days. 457 00:26:31,960 --> 00:26:34,359 Speaker 1: Wait a minute, hang on a tick. 458 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:37,480 Speaker 2: I guess, I guess a quarter leftover days is better 459 00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:41,120 Speaker 2: than like sixty some odd But what how does how 460 00:26:41,160 --> 00:26:43,800 Speaker 2: doth one measure a quarter of a day? I mean, 461 00:26:43,840 --> 00:26:45,520 Speaker 2: I know that you you know, you guess, of course 462 00:26:45,560 --> 00:26:49,080 Speaker 2: you can, but how does that figure in? And it 463 00:26:49,400 --> 00:26:51,720 Speaker 2: seems like an unfortunate remainder. 464 00:26:52,520 --> 00:26:56,160 Speaker 1: Right, right, But it's fortunate for us because we're doing 465 00:26:56,160 --> 00:26:57,320 Speaker 1: an episode on leap here. 466 00:26:57,440 --> 00:26:58,040 Speaker 4: That's true. 467 00:26:58,520 --> 00:27:01,360 Speaker 2: So al right, leap Day does fill time and give 468 00:27:01,400 --> 00:27:02,919 Speaker 2: the people the content they crave. 469 00:27:03,359 --> 00:27:06,840 Speaker 1: Shout out to Leap Day, Williams and thirty Rock. The 470 00:27:07,440 --> 00:27:13,440 Speaker 1: Julian calendar is at this point, it's divided into twelve months, 471 00:27:13,720 --> 00:27:17,760 Speaker 1: and all of these months asterisk have thirty or thirty 472 00:27:17,800 --> 00:27:21,920 Speaker 1: one days. The asterisk is February it has twenty eight days, 473 00:27:22,520 --> 00:27:28,920 Speaker 1: and every fourth year asterisk it gets an extra day, 474 00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:35,040 Speaker 1: So every fourth year a February twenty ninth occurs. There is, 475 00:27:35,640 --> 00:27:40,440 Speaker 1: it's a leap year of three hundred and sixty six days. However, 476 00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:45,040 Speaker 1: as our pal Max points out, they used to make 477 00:27:45,080 --> 00:27:46,400 Speaker 1: it even more complicated. 478 00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:52,000 Speaker 2: I still don't understand why, Like, why can't it is 479 00:27:52,280 --> 00:27:58,120 Speaker 2: to account for variations in the light and the way 480 00:27:58,280 --> 00:28:03,120 Speaker 2: seasons occur over long timeline. Yeah, the idea is they're. 481 00:28:02,960 --> 00:28:07,119 Speaker 1: Trying to reconcile earlier calindrical miscalculations. 482 00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:07,640 Speaker 4: I see. 483 00:28:07,800 --> 00:28:11,560 Speaker 2: Okay, Well, hopefully by the end of this we will 484 00:28:11,560 --> 00:28:15,919 Speaker 2: all understand. But I think it's a whole tenet of 485 00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:18,479 Speaker 2: this topic is that it is by its very nature 486 00:28:18,880 --> 00:28:21,160 Speaker 2: kind of obnoxious and convoluted. 487 00:28:21,440 --> 00:28:22,879 Speaker 4: So, like you said, the year. 488 00:28:22,800 --> 00:28:24,920 Speaker 2: Was divided into twelve months, all of which had thirty 489 00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:27,320 Speaker 2: or thirty one days, except February, which contain twenty. 490 00:28:27,359 --> 00:28:30,080 Speaker 4: This is a quote, by the way, from long Staff, 491 00:28:30,160 --> 00:28:30,640 Speaker 4: which can. 492 00:28:30,560 --> 00:28:33,440 Speaker 2: Take twenty eight days in common years and to twenty 493 00:28:33,520 --> 00:28:35,800 Speaker 2: nine in every fourth year, a leap year of three 494 00:28:35,840 --> 00:28:40,920 Speaker 2: hundred and sixty six days. But there was a much 495 00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:43,160 Speaker 2: exactly like you said, Ben, there was just a much 496 00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:46,360 Speaker 2: more idiotic application of the leap year than when we 497 00:28:46,400 --> 00:28:50,600 Speaker 2: see today. Back then, according to long Staff, leap years 498 00:28:50,640 --> 00:28:55,720 Speaker 2: repeated February twenty third, there was no February twenty ninth 499 00:28:55,840 --> 00:28:59,880 Speaker 2: in the Julian calendar. But though this correction was included, 500 00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:03,640 Speaker 2: who correct this problem going forward? It did not, however, 501 00:29:04,200 --> 00:29:08,440 Speaker 2: fix the whole thing. Much like the various new improvements 502 00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:11,080 Speaker 2: upon the calendar, they fixed a few things, but there 503 00:29:11,120 --> 00:29:12,920 Speaker 2: were some problems that remained on the table. 504 00:29:13,880 --> 00:29:18,040 Speaker 4: So what's the deal, Ben, What did it not quite get. 505 00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:21,840 Speaker 1: Right most things? Okay, yeah, I don't know. It's just 506 00:29:22,160 --> 00:29:26,640 Speaker 1: like Noel, it sounds. The way this sounds reminds me 507 00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:32,200 Speaker 1: of those really overly complicated tabletop board games exactly where 508 00:29:32,240 --> 00:29:35,280 Speaker 1: someone's like, hey, this is really fun, but the first 509 00:29:35,400 --> 00:29:37,800 Speaker 1: night we hang out, it's going to be four hours 510 00:29:37,800 --> 00:29:40,120 Speaker 1: of us trying to understand the rules Wingspan. 511 00:29:40,280 --> 00:29:42,120 Speaker 4: You guys ever played Access to Allies before? 512 00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:42,720 Speaker 1: Yes? 513 00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:44,160 Speaker 4: So much fun? Yeah? 514 00:29:44,200 --> 00:29:45,960 Speaker 1: Well yeah after that first time. 515 00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:47,760 Speaker 4: Yes, that's what they call the learning curve. 516 00:29:47,800 --> 00:29:50,200 Speaker 6: But I would argue, though, Ben, at the end of 517 00:29:50,240 --> 00:29:54,920 Speaker 6: the day, those games are understandable, and you know, you 518 00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:56,719 Speaker 6: have to take you a little time to wrap your 519 00:29:56,720 --> 00:29:58,920 Speaker 6: head around it, but once you do, it kind of 520 00:29:58,920 --> 00:30:00,200 Speaker 6: becomes second nature. 521 00:30:00,400 --> 00:30:03,280 Speaker 2: We've been talking about this for forty five minutes now, 522 00:30:03,400 --> 00:30:06,120 Speaker 2: and I still have no idea why any of this 523 00:30:06,200 --> 00:30:07,320 Speaker 2: calendar stuff matters. 524 00:30:08,160 --> 00:30:12,560 Speaker 1: So the Julian calendar to get out of the weeds here. 525 00:30:12,680 --> 00:30:15,680 Speaker 1: The Julian calendar had a lot of problems. It was 526 00:30:15,800 --> 00:30:19,720 Speaker 1: definitely more accurate than the previous lunar calendars. 527 00:30:20,400 --> 00:30:23,719 Speaker 4: But accurate to what though? Is what? I don't quite understand. 528 00:30:24,200 --> 00:30:26,200 Speaker 1: Less bad would be a better but no, But but 529 00:30:26,240 --> 00:30:27,520 Speaker 1: what are we going for? 530 00:30:27,840 --> 00:30:31,920 Speaker 2: Why can't we just say three hundred sixty five days 531 00:30:31,920 --> 00:30:33,720 Speaker 2: and it starts over at the end of three hundred 532 00:30:33,720 --> 00:30:36,240 Speaker 2: sixt five days? Like what are we trying to account 533 00:30:36,280 --> 00:30:39,320 Speaker 2: for or match up with? Is it about we have 534 00:30:39,400 --> 00:30:42,040 Speaker 2: that peasc quarter? No, No, I understand, guys, But I 535 00:30:42,040 --> 00:30:45,040 Speaker 2: guess my question in general is just about the necessity 536 00:30:45,480 --> 00:30:49,280 Speaker 2: for calendars, Like what are we tracking? Like what as 537 00:30:49,320 --> 00:30:51,440 Speaker 2: long as we know it's three hundred and twety five 538 00:30:51,520 --> 00:30:55,160 Speaker 2: days and we can roughly predict this is around when 539 00:30:55,200 --> 00:30:58,120 Speaker 2: winter is, like, what is the purpose of it being 540 00:30:58,240 --> 00:31:00,840 Speaker 2: perfectly tracked to seasons? 541 00:31:01,280 --> 00:31:05,400 Speaker 1: The inaccuracies are like compound interest. They add up over 542 00:31:05,520 --> 00:31:10,240 Speaker 1: time such that if they if it's not continually corrected, 543 00:31:10,840 --> 00:31:15,080 Speaker 1: then at some point the calendar will be so off 544 00:31:15,160 --> 00:31:17,000 Speaker 1: base that. 545 00:31:19,240 --> 00:31:23,200 Speaker 4: Yeah, it'll be all completely I okay, thank you, Ben. 546 00:31:23,760 --> 00:31:27,360 Speaker 2: Of all the scholars and writers and very smart people, 547 00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:30,480 Speaker 2: you are the one. Not that I'm saying you're you're 548 00:31:30,960 --> 00:31:33,800 Speaker 2: among those ranks, but you are the one that finally made. 549 00:31:33,640 --> 00:31:35,400 Speaker 4: A click for me. So I appreciate them. 550 00:31:36,080 --> 00:31:38,760 Speaker 1: Hey man, we're still not fixing the problem. 551 00:31:38,800 --> 00:31:42,560 Speaker 2: I've literally wrapped my head around that. Though it makes sense. 552 00:31:42,600 --> 00:31:47,240 Speaker 2: It's compound problem that over time would cause the measurement 553 00:31:47,360 --> 00:31:52,240 Speaker 2: of all time before to be irrelevant or to be 554 00:31:52,280 --> 00:31:55,040 Speaker 2: in some way like there's no more continuity. 555 00:31:54,560 --> 00:31:58,120 Speaker 1: Right, And popes are super pissed about this. Yes, coots 556 00:31:58,160 --> 00:32:08,120 Speaker 1: in general, one of their big things is that holy 557 00:32:08,320 --> 00:32:12,360 Speaker 1: days and religious observations have to be made to a 558 00:32:12,480 --> 00:32:15,960 Speaker 1: pattern at the same time, so you can't just sort 559 00:32:15,960 --> 00:32:19,760 Speaker 1: of vibe out the birth of Christ or whatever. So 560 00:32:19,800 --> 00:32:25,880 Speaker 1: they start trying to improve the Julian calendar, which lands 561 00:32:25,920 --> 00:32:32,040 Speaker 1: them fifteen hundred years later at something called the Gregorian calendar. 562 00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:35,520 Speaker 1: And it's all because this guy gets pissed about Easter 563 00:32:35,640 --> 00:32:38,720 Speaker 1: being moved and Easter is still just very confusing to me. 564 00:32:39,120 --> 00:32:41,000 Speaker 2: Well that's another thing too, about a lot of this 565 00:32:41,040 --> 00:32:44,560 Speaker 2: stuff is it can be highly political, politicized. 566 00:32:44,720 --> 00:32:48,040 Speaker 3: Right, And just to jump in here, the Julian calendar 567 00:32:48,120 --> 00:32:50,760 Speaker 3: wasn't really that far off with the Gregoran calendar. The 568 00:32:50,880 --> 00:32:55,240 Speaker 3: number of finals eleven minutes and fourteen seconds too short. 569 00:32:56,840 --> 00:32:59,760 Speaker 4: A lot negligible. But I guess over time, over time 570 00:33:00,000 --> 00:33:00,680 Speaker 4: that all that up. 571 00:33:01,120 --> 00:33:04,680 Speaker 1: M hm, you know, you'll let eleven minutes slide next thing, 572 00:33:04,760 --> 00:33:05,040 Speaker 1: you know. 573 00:33:05,480 --> 00:33:08,400 Speaker 3: And also correction, I said too short, too long, I 574 00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:09,360 Speaker 3: said that too long. 575 00:33:09,880 --> 00:33:11,400 Speaker 1: Oh, I thought it was a shout out to too 576 00:33:11,400 --> 00:33:12,240 Speaker 1: short love. 577 00:33:12,280 --> 00:33:14,960 Speaker 4: It just occurred to me, you guys, what's up? You 578 00:33:14,960 --> 00:33:15,800 Speaker 4: know what pontiffs do. 579 00:33:17,120 --> 00:33:23,880 Speaker 1: Pontificate? Damn right, nice, I love this language. So it's 580 00:33:23,960 --> 00:33:28,760 Speaker 1: February twenty fourth, fifteen eighty two, and as you said, Noel, 581 00:33:28,840 --> 00:33:32,600 Speaker 1: the Pope has pontificated a bit. And the Pope dropped 582 00:33:32,600 --> 00:33:35,960 Speaker 1: a papal bull he did, yeah, yeah, because back then 583 00:33:36,040 --> 00:33:39,800 Speaker 1: like a papal bull was sort of the equivalent of 584 00:33:39,840 --> 00:33:43,880 Speaker 1: elon musk tweety exactly. So the Pope puts out this 585 00:33:44,360 --> 00:33:49,880 Speaker 1: all gas, no breaks proclamation and it's uh, it's called 586 00:33:50,080 --> 00:33:54,520 Speaker 1: inter gravismash and this this idea is, Look, we got 587 00:33:54,560 --> 00:33:57,320 Speaker 1: to get these calendars in order, and we got to 588 00:33:57,360 --> 00:34:03,120 Speaker 1: figure out Easter. So we're gonna we're going to reassess 589 00:34:03,320 --> 00:34:06,360 Speaker 1: the stuff. We concluded at the first Council of Nicea 590 00:34:06,760 --> 00:34:10,320 Speaker 1: and they said, okay, Easter is a movable feast, shout 591 00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:12,719 Speaker 1: out to so much American literature written about that. 592 00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:15,399 Speaker 4: Let's just move it. Then, what's the problem, right, Let's 593 00:34:15,400 --> 00:34:16,240 Speaker 4: just move the feast. 594 00:34:16,920 --> 00:34:21,040 Speaker 1: And so they said, okay, the problem is that because 595 00:34:21,200 --> 00:34:27,080 Speaker 1: we got it off by eleven minutes, we're encountering religious 596 00:34:27,200 --> 00:34:32,920 Speaker 1: implications because the most important days in our religion, in 597 00:34:33,040 --> 00:34:37,800 Speaker 1: our school of spiritual thought, are not going to be consistent. 598 00:34:38,239 --> 00:34:40,719 Speaker 1: So we have to figure out what's happening. The Pope 599 00:34:40,800 --> 00:34:44,799 Speaker 1: is saying, you know, about one day every one hundred 600 00:34:44,840 --> 00:34:48,239 Speaker 1: and thirty years, Easter's going to be messed up, and 601 00:34:48,280 --> 00:34:51,399 Speaker 1: there will be a domino effect. If Easter is messed up, 602 00:34:51,840 --> 00:34:55,040 Speaker 1: Pentecost is going to be messed up the seventh Sunday 603 00:34:55,160 --> 00:34:58,680 Speaker 1: after Easter. You know that might touch on these non 604 00:34:58,760 --> 00:35:04,120 Speaker 1: Christian pagan festivals. I gotta fix this, and they, you know, 605 00:35:04,360 --> 00:35:07,960 Speaker 1: his his boys were like, well, Greg, if you're the pope, 606 00:35:08,080 --> 00:35:11,279 Speaker 1: you should. 607 00:35:09,400 --> 00:35:10,520 Speaker 4: Just fix it. Man. 608 00:35:11,160 --> 00:35:13,600 Speaker 2: Remember that really offensive pope voice I used to do. 609 00:35:14,400 --> 00:35:16,960 Speaker 2: I liked it did aswell, and it's kind of like 610 00:35:17,000 --> 00:35:19,640 Speaker 2: the Mario voice. But I do love the idea of 611 00:35:19,719 --> 00:35:21,920 Speaker 2: the pope kind of being an Italian cartoon. 612 00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:27,360 Speaker 1: You know, there have been a lot of Italian cartoons 613 00:35:27,920 --> 00:35:30,399 Speaker 1: about ill Pope up as we called them on the show. 614 00:35:30,400 --> 00:35:34,719 Speaker 1: We'll always Love It and Pope Greg's real name is 615 00:35:35,160 --> 00:35:37,600 Speaker 1: Ugo Bagnini. 616 00:35:37,160 --> 00:35:40,760 Speaker 4: Ugo bon Campangni, bum. 617 00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:47,600 Speaker 1: Eyes back back. Uh. So there is a weird panic 618 00:35:48,040 --> 00:35:53,400 Speaker 1: amidst the populace when Greg says, all right, all churches, 619 00:35:53,520 --> 00:35:57,360 Speaker 1: which are basically the community seats. At this point, he says, okay, 620 00:35:57,400 --> 00:36:01,799 Speaker 1: all churches get rid of ten from the calendar, just 621 00:36:01,800 --> 00:36:02,680 Speaker 1: give it up for God. 622 00:36:03,160 --> 00:36:04,640 Speaker 4: What do we do with it? Papa? 623 00:36:05,520 --> 00:36:10,360 Speaker 1: But what do we do? Is that super specific on 624 00:36:10,440 --> 00:36:13,799 Speaker 1: that point. Immediately he says, look, we've talked about this 625 00:36:13,840 --> 00:36:16,200 Speaker 1: on stuff. They want you to know. He says, all right, Thursday, 626 00:36:16,320 --> 00:36:20,080 Speaker 1: October fourth, you're going to go to sleep. When you 627 00:36:20,160 --> 00:36:25,400 Speaker 1: wake up tomorrow, it's going to be Friday, October fifteenth. 628 00:36:25,760 --> 00:36:31,160 Speaker 1: So he chose this cut because it was a relatively 629 00:36:31,280 --> 00:36:35,480 Speaker 1: quiet time for the spiritual calendar. Right there. Weren't big, big, 630 00:36:35,880 --> 00:36:39,000 Speaker 1: you know, big ticket items. And then he said, also, 631 00:36:39,040 --> 00:36:42,720 Speaker 1: we're going to have we're going to fix the calendar. 632 00:36:42,760 --> 00:36:45,600 Speaker 1: We're going to take this opportunity to clean things up. 633 00:36:45,719 --> 00:36:50,879 Speaker 1: And here's where the rules get complicated. I suggest one 634 00:36:50,880 --> 00:36:52,920 Speaker 1: of us just through. 635 00:36:53,120 --> 00:36:56,719 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's not much different than the earlier description of 636 00:36:56,760 --> 00:36:57,600 Speaker 2: what leap year was. 637 00:36:58,560 --> 00:36:59,480 Speaker 4: Buckle up, y'all. 638 00:37:00,080 --> 00:37:01,880 Speaker 2: Rather than adding a date of the month of February 639 00:37:01,960 --> 00:37:04,640 Speaker 2: every four years, as the Julian calendar did, the system 640 00:37:04,640 --> 00:37:08,520 Speaker 2: would add a leap day only in those years whose 641 00:37:08,640 --> 00:37:11,520 Speaker 2: numbers can be evenly divided by four, with the exception 642 00:37:11,680 --> 00:37:14,000 Speaker 2: being those years that are also divisible by one hundred. 643 00:37:14,400 --> 00:37:18,600 Speaker 2: Last they are also divisible by four hundred. For example, 644 00:37:18,680 --> 00:37:19,960 Speaker 2: the year's sixteen hundred. 645 00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:23,040 Speaker 4: Oh my god, I want to die. It reminds me 646 00:37:23,080 --> 00:37:26,799 Speaker 4: of likeho after CE. Except for all the times that 647 00:37:26,840 --> 00:37:29,080 Speaker 4: we do this after C and F. 648 00:37:29,160 --> 00:37:31,480 Speaker 2: You you know, it reminds me of like a Monty 649 00:37:31,520 --> 00:37:32,440 Speaker 2: Python sketch. 650 00:37:32,840 --> 00:37:36,640 Speaker 1: And again again I want to say, these are good 651 00:37:36,680 --> 00:37:40,000 Speaker 1: faith efforts. These are very smart people doing the best 652 00:37:40,040 --> 00:37:45,279 Speaker 1: they can get it. Man, but still right. So this 653 00:37:45,360 --> 00:37:48,480 Speaker 1: is this is where we want to go to. What 654 00:37:48,640 --> 00:37:52,279 Speaker 1: years are leap years? From our neighbors up north, our 655 00:37:52,320 --> 00:37:53,920 Speaker 1: good friends in Canada. 656 00:37:53,640 --> 00:37:56,160 Speaker 4: Literally Canada, literally just from Canada. 657 00:37:56,280 --> 00:38:00,840 Speaker 1: Actual Government of Canada says the following, the year two thousand, 658 00:38:00,920 --> 00:38:03,600 Speaker 1: like the years nineteen ninety six and two thousand and four, 659 00:38:03,800 --> 00:38:06,960 Speaker 1: is a leap year with twenty nine days in February, 660 00:38:07,400 --> 00:38:11,400 Speaker 1: but the years nineteen hundred, nineteen ninety nine, two thousand 661 00:38:11,480 --> 00:38:13,680 Speaker 1: and one, two thousand and two, two thousand and three, 662 00:38:13,760 --> 00:38:17,600 Speaker 1: two thousand and five, and twenty one hundred are not 663 00:38:17,800 --> 00:38:21,160 Speaker 1: leap yeers, I have only twenty eight days in February. 664 00:38:21,480 --> 00:38:25,400 Speaker 1: If I were an extraterrestrial and I landed on this 665 00:38:25,520 --> 00:38:29,160 Speaker 1: planet and somewhat explained that to me I would. 666 00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:33,040 Speaker 2: Leave, I would vaporize everyone like Mars attack style. 667 00:38:34,120 --> 00:38:36,640 Speaker 4: I might get out of my face with this nonsense. 668 00:38:36,719 --> 00:38:38,880 Speaker 4: You do not deserve to live so. 669 00:38:40,560 --> 00:38:46,880 Speaker 1: Because of this, because the weird rules about being divisible 670 00:38:46,920 --> 00:38:49,920 Speaker 1: by one hundred or divisible by four hundred. 671 00:38:49,920 --> 00:38:53,160 Speaker 2: But where does the is that just arbitrary? Where does 672 00:38:53,200 --> 00:38:56,440 Speaker 2: that come from? What purpose do these these maths. 673 00:38:56,400 --> 00:39:01,920 Speaker 1: Play descended from a kind of descended from an awkward 674 00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:09,440 Speaker 1: compromise between religious observances and secular or scientific observances of 675 00:39:09,640 --> 00:39:13,759 Speaker 1: the heavens. So they're trying to square two things that 676 00:39:13,800 --> 00:39:15,280 Speaker 1: don't necessarily vibe. 677 00:39:15,040 --> 00:39:16,279 Speaker 4: To get pretty unsquareable. 678 00:39:16,360 --> 00:39:18,839 Speaker 2: Now that makes sense, and I guess that honestly, if 679 00:39:18,840 --> 00:39:20,520 Speaker 2: at the end of the day we had to really 680 00:39:20,560 --> 00:39:24,359 Speaker 2: account for where all of this nonsense comes from. Like 681 00:39:24,440 --> 00:39:27,960 Speaker 2: many things, that is that push and pull between science 682 00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:28,480 Speaker 2: and faith. 683 00:39:29,000 --> 00:39:33,040 Speaker 1: Yeah. You know what, now that we know this, we 684 00:39:33,600 --> 00:39:36,800 Speaker 1: don't have to agree, but we as a group understand 685 00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:41,080 Speaker 1: why the year's twenty one hundred or twenty two hundred 686 00:39:41,120 --> 00:39:44,759 Speaker 1: will not be leap years. Let's go back to our 687 00:39:44,840 --> 00:39:51,760 Speaker 1: buddy Greg when he releases his new like manifesto about 688 00:39:51,760 --> 00:39:56,799 Speaker 1: the calendar. A lot of Europe instantly goes along with 689 00:39:56,880 --> 00:39:59,919 Speaker 1: it because they are Catholics, and so the state RELI. 690 00:40:00,400 --> 00:40:02,880 Speaker 1: So if the Pope says it is so, it is so. 691 00:40:03,320 --> 00:40:05,920 Speaker 1: The wave of a hand, the wave of a hand, 692 00:40:06,600 --> 00:40:10,399 Speaker 1: the tip of a fancy hat. The issue is not 693 00:40:10,600 --> 00:40:14,200 Speaker 1: all countries in Europe by this point are Catholic. They're 694 00:40:14,239 --> 00:40:18,480 Speaker 1: Protestant countries. And they say, well, who is this Pope 695 00:40:18,760 --> 00:40:22,359 Speaker 1: Greg guy to tell us what to do? Where are 696 00:40:22,400 --> 00:40:27,400 Speaker 1: members of the c Exactly? Yeah, And so this is 697 00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:30,560 Speaker 1: where we uh, this is where we see other people 698 00:40:30,600 --> 00:40:34,839 Speaker 1: coming up with their own pitches. John D. Famously a 699 00:40:34,880 --> 00:40:39,400 Speaker 1: servant of Queen Elizabeth. He says, hey, I'm pretty smart 700 00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:41,920 Speaker 1: alchemy and he is super into it. 701 00:40:42,000 --> 00:40:45,720 Speaker 4: Yeah, I thought so. Mystical pursuits. 702 00:40:46,040 --> 00:40:49,439 Speaker 2: Yeah, likely a bit of a secular fellow, I would think, 703 00:40:49,560 --> 00:40:51,400 Speaker 2: with you know, being that he was a man of 704 00:40:51,400 --> 00:40:55,480 Speaker 2: science but also a man of mystics. Perhaps a little 705 00:40:55,480 --> 00:40:58,239 Speaker 2: devil worship on the side, well, you know, just a 706 00:40:58,560 --> 00:41:01,640 Speaker 2: just a healthy dose, healthy, healthy dose of the devil. 707 00:41:01,840 --> 00:41:05,360 Speaker 2: He does claim, though, to have improved like many before 708 00:41:05,400 --> 00:41:10,200 Speaker 2: him on the calendar. That's true, like many before So 709 00:41:10,760 --> 00:41:12,520 Speaker 2: I don't think he got picked up though for whatever 710 00:41:12,600 --> 00:41:14,960 Speaker 2: reason it despite his buddy buddy ness. 711 00:41:14,719 --> 00:41:17,440 Speaker 4: With the Queen. Do we know about it? Like, was 712 00:41:17,480 --> 00:41:17,959 Speaker 4: it good? 713 00:41:18,160 --> 00:41:21,799 Speaker 2: This guy, for all, by all accounts that we've looked into, 714 00:41:22,040 --> 00:41:24,640 Speaker 2: was a pretty sharp Can you be a sharp cookie? 715 00:41:24,960 --> 00:41:25,280 Speaker 4: Yes? 716 00:41:25,520 --> 00:41:28,080 Speaker 1: Yeah, he definitely was. He was kind of, to be 717 00:41:28,200 --> 00:41:30,240 Speaker 1: quite honest, he was kind of a double O seven 718 00:41:30,400 --> 00:41:33,840 Speaker 1: right to day. He was a spymaster. Yes, so he 719 00:41:33,920 --> 00:41:37,560 Speaker 1: had other stuff going on, but he was a sharp, 720 00:41:37,600 --> 00:41:42,160 Speaker 1: smart cookie. And his calendar, although it never really got 721 00:41:42,160 --> 00:41:48,279 Speaker 1: the widespread approval that other calendars got, his was more 722 00:41:48,320 --> 00:41:49,360 Speaker 1: scientifically accurate. 723 00:41:49,480 --> 00:41:50,000 Speaker 4: Isn't that fine? 724 00:41:50,040 --> 00:41:52,720 Speaker 2: That's the thing about calendars, right, it doesn't really work 725 00:41:53,280 --> 00:41:56,319 Speaker 2: like I've got my own calendar and everybody else is 726 00:41:56,360 --> 00:41:59,120 Speaker 2: done like this, you know, globally adopted calendar, but not me. 727 00:41:59,719 --> 00:42:02,600 Speaker 4: I go my own way. I marched to the beat 728 00:42:02,600 --> 00:42:03,480 Speaker 4: of a different drummer. 729 00:42:04,200 --> 00:42:07,120 Speaker 1: North Korea, various religious calendars. 730 00:42:07,120 --> 00:42:10,000 Speaker 4: Oh yeah, as an individual, if I love it. 731 00:42:10,040 --> 00:42:12,680 Speaker 2: As a citizen of the United States, decided to adopt 732 00:42:12,719 --> 00:42:15,120 Speaker 2: a different calendary, it would just not be functional because 733 00:42:15,160 --> 00:42:15,960 Speaker 2: nothing would line up. 734 00:42:15,960 --> 00:42:18,480 Speaker 4: I wouldn't be able to make appointments in my diary. 735 00:42:18,840 --> 00:42:22,680 Speaker 1: You wouldn't say, for instance, oh, do you mean Knowles day? Yes, 736 00:42:23,719 --> 00:42:27,879 Speaker 1: you mean the FARTI starts of septilembern there is. I'm 737 00:42:27,880 --> 00:42:30,239 Speaker 1: gonna adopt my own NU medical system too. It's all 738 00:42:30,320 --> 00:42:33,360 Speaker 1: gonna sound like a Kia furniture. We see this often happen, 739 00:42:33,440 --> 00:42:38,560 Speaker 1: by the way, in human social revolutions, like in the 740 00:42:38,560 --> 00:42:39,920 Speaker 1: French Revolution. 741 00:42:39,960 --> 00:42:42,359 Speaker 2: Symbolic like, you know, you don't want to use the 742 00:42:42,360 --> 00:42:44,320 Speaker 2: calendar of the oppressor, right. 743 00:42:44,800 --> 00:42:47,759 Speaker 1: Yeah, For like twelve years the French government had their 744 00:42:47,760 --> 00:42:53,360 Speaker 1: own revolutionary calendar and it did not work out. Spoiler. 745 00:42:53,560 --> 00:42:56,600 Speaker 1: By the way, you go to France, they were using 746 00:42:56,640 --> 00:42:59,719 Speaker 1: the same calendars most people, unless you were in North 747 00:42:59,800 --> 00:43:02,760 Speaker 1: Korea more a couple of other places in the world. 748 00:43:03,160 --> 00:43:10,480 Speaker 1: But this idea becomes it becomes like a back and 749 00:43:10,520 --> 00:43:15,759 Speaker 1: forth of bureaucracy. Catholic countries have already dated their new 750 00:43:15,840 --> 00:43:21,839 Speaker 1: year from January first for some time, and Scotland eventually 751 00:43:22,000 --> 00:43:25,040 Speaker 1: adopts January first as the beginning of the new year 752 00:43:25,080 --> 00:43:31,080 Speaker 1: in sixteen hundred. England stays with March twenty fifth for 753 00:43:31,160 --> 00:43:37,000 Speaker 1: a while until until England and Scotland have to cooperate 754 00:43:37,040 --> 00:43:39,960 Speaker 1: more closely and they have to adopt the same calendar. 755 00:43:40,280 --> 00:43:43,000 Speaker 1: It just goes on and on and on and on. 756 00:43:43,040 --> 00:43:46,160 Speaker 1: Happy February twenty ninth. Everybody, what are you talking about? 757 00:43:46,160 --> 00:43:49,480 Speaker 2: It's a twenty second What are you doing your own 758 00:43:49,520 --> 00:43:50,239 Speaker 2: calendar thing? 759 00:43:50,320 --> 00:43:50,640 Speaker 4: Man? 760 00:43:51,160 --> 00:43:54,560 Speaker 1: We are all calendars of our own, right, Yeah. 761 00:43:54,880 --> 00:43:59,120 Speaker 2: I guess this begs the question, though, is the modern 762 00:43:59,400 --> 00:44:04,120 Speaker 2: version of leap year quote unquote right? Though I still 763 00:44:04,120 --> 00:44:07,719 Speaker 2: don't fully understand what right would even entail. I'm I'm 764 00:44:07,719 --> 00:44:08,720 Speaker 2: not a math surgeon. 765 00:44:09,160 --> 00:44:11,120 Speaker 1: So the problem is it's it's kind of like the 766 00:44:11,560 --> 00:44:16,400 Speaker 1: same problem with representing continence on a map, because Earth 767 00:44:16,480 --> 00:44:20,960 Speaker 1: is round and presenting a three D surface on a 768 00:44:21,080 --> 00:44:24,759 Speaker 1: two D medium leads to accuracy. 769 00:44:24,920 --> 00:44:25,120 Speaker 5: Yeah. 770 00:44:25,360 --> 00:44:31,160 Speaker 1: Right, So with the Gregorian calendar, it's pretty good, but 771 00:44:31,239 --> 00:44:36,120 Speaker 1: it's still not perfect. The difference isn't huge, but the 772 00:44:36,120 --> 00:44:40,480 Speaker 1: interest and the discrepancies compound. So according to folks like 773 00:44:40,560 --> 00:44:44,840 Speaker 1: Brad Plumber over a vox, by the year four thousand, 774 00:44:45,200 --> 00:44:49,160 Speaker 1: nine hundred and nine, there will be a whole extra day, 775 00:44:50,280 --> 00:44:51,319 Speaker 1: just like left over time. 776 00:44:51,480 --> 00:44:53,839 Speaker 2: They get it. I do get it. The over long 777 00:44:53,960 --> 00:44:58,040 Speaker 2: enough timeline. This stuff adds up and causes things to 778 00:44:58,080 --> 00:45:02,239 Speaker 2: shift if you don't taken into account that extra time. 779 00:45:02,280 --> 00:45:06,520 Speaker 2: And so it's almost like the periodic maintenance time. Maintenance 780 00:45:06,760 --> 00:45:08,080 Speaker 2: is what Leapier is. 781 00:45:09,680 --> 00:45:15,640 Speaker 1: And the conversation continues today. We're past the ridiculous history part. 782 00:45:15,680 --> 00:45:20,360 Speaker 1: We're into the ridiculous present. As you may understand. Now, folks, 783 00:45:21,040 --> 00:45:23,920 Speaker 1: if you're getting a spidery sense about this, you're absolutely correct. 784 00:45:24,480 --> 00:45:26,000 Speaker 1: People are still beefed up. 785 00:45:25,920 --> 00:45:26,760 Speaker 4: About the calendar. 786 00:45:26,880 --> 00:45:28,400 Speaker 2: Well, Max, I can't remember if we were saying this 787 00:45:28,520 --> 00:45:31,759 Speaker 2: on the air or not, but you apparently found an 788 00:45:31,880 --> 00:45:37,920 Speaker 2: article from Forbes that was so that's what's the word persnickety, 789 00:45:38,040 --> 00:45:41,000 Speaker 2: I guess are so kind of nagging the idea of 790 00:45:41,120 --> 00:45:44,560 Speaker 2: Leapier that it basically made you decide to accept it 791 00:45:44,840 --> 00:45:46,279 Speaker 2: despite this individual. 792 00:45:46,440 --> 00:45:46,720 Speaker 4: Yeah. 793 00:45:46,760 --> 00:45:49,640 Speaker 3: So there's these two guys or I think they used 794 00:45:49,719 --> 00:45:53,080 Speaker 3: to be at John Hopkins University, named Steve Hank and 795 00:45:53,560 --> 00:45:58,560 Speaker 3: Richard Henry who devised this calendar that's like it's called 796 00:45:58,600 --> 00:46:02,120 Speaker 3: the Hank Henry Permanent Calendar, where it's like it's it. 797 00:46:02,120 --> 00:46:06,920 Speaker 4: Would make every year. Henry isn't Hank short for Henry. 798 00:46:06,960 --> 00:46:09,080 Speaker 4: That's sorry, that's just funny. Yeah, it's pretty funny. But 799 00:46:09,120 --> 00:46:10,640 Speaker 4: it's just like, you know, there's a lot to it. 800 00:46:10,640 --> 00:46:13,080 Speaker 3: I'm not going to break it down, but I found 801 00:46:13,120 --> 00:46:16,719 Speaker 3: an article and forms from Hank, and he's so. 802 00:46:16,760 --> 00:46:18,560 Speaker 4: Angry that I'm kind of like. 803 00:46:20,360 --> 00:46:22,640 Speaker 3: The fact that we're not going to accumulate it another 804 00:46:22,760 --> 00:46:27,120 Speaker 3: day until nearly the year five thousand, which I, as 805 00:46:27,160 --> 00:46:30,160 Speaker 3: the guy who wrote the episode about nuke's being lost 806 00:46:30,640 --> 00:46:33,440 Speaker 3: in multiple places of our world, pretty sure we won't 807 00:46:33,440 --> 00:46:36,480 Speaker 3: make it that far. So it's just like, I don't 808 00:46:36,560 --> 00:46:40,440 Speaker 3: really think I don't really think I care anymore about this. 809 00:46:40,560 --> 00:46:42,960 Speaker 3: It's just like we got a no. I'm kind of 810 00:46:42,960 --> 00:46:45,439 Speaker 3: with you, like we got it good enough. That's fine 811 00:46:45,440 --> 00:46:46,719 Speaker 3: with me. I don't think we need to change. It's 812 00:46:46,719 --> 00:46:47,120 Speaker 3: good enough. 813 00:46:47,160 --> 00:46:49,400 Speaker 4: Just just tell me what to do, just tell me 814 00:46:49,440 --> 00:46:50,040 Speaker 4: what not, you know. 815 00:46:50,080 --> 00:46:53,959 Speaker 2: And you know, now we've got computers and they update automatically, 816 00:46:54,120 --> 00:46:55,880 Speaker 2: so it's not like you really have to be that 817 00:46:56,080 --> 00:46:59,520 Speaker 2: tuned into what's going on. Is it that big a deal? Honestly, 818 00:46:59,560 --> 00:47:01,520 Speaker 2: it's less agree just in daylight savings. 819 00:47:01,600 --> 00:47:03,879 Speaker 4: That's the get rid of daily saving time. 820 00:47:03,920 --> 00:47:06,600 Speaker 1: And I'm fine, guys, I'm gonna do my own calendar. 821 00:47:06,960 --> 00:47:07,720 Speaker 4: I think you should. 822 00:47:07,920 --> 00:47:13,680 Speaker 3: The ben Cow, the Bolland Brown Calendar, Bolander, the bolandert yees. 823 00:47:14,560 --> 00:47:19,440 Speaker 4: Well, a happy leap Day, Happy Leap Year today? 824 00:47:19,480 --> 00:47:19,600 Speaker 2: Right? 825 00:47:19,800 --> 00:47:22,120 Speaker 4: We did We did this coming out Okay, okay, yeah, yeah. 826 00:47:22,480 --> 00:47:24,839 Speaker 3: This is the first time we've ever I think, done 827 00:47:24,920 --> 00:47:27,200 Speaker 3: this where we have the episode coming out on the 828 00:47:27,320 --> 00:47:28,000 Speaker 3: actual day. 829 00:47:28,239 --> 00:47:30,560 Speaker 4: It's called a tent pole episode. Yeah, so this is 830 00:47:31,120 --> 00:47:32,880 Speaker 4: for you. We do these. 831 00:47:32,640 --> 00:47:36,640 Speaker 1: Things and we cannot do them without so many people 832 00:47:36,719 --> 00:47:39,799 Speaker 1: that we want to thank. First off, you ridiculous historians 833 00:47:39,800 --> 00:47:44,360 Speaker 1: for tuning in. Secondly, our super producer research associate mister 834 00:47:44,480 --> 00:47:49,360 Speaker 1: Max Williams. You know who I bet absolutely loves going 835 00:47:49,480 --> 00:47:52,320 Speaker 1: back and forth on nitpicky things about calendars. 836 00:47:52,400 --> 00:47:55,760 Speaker 2: Is it Jonathan Strickland the Quistern, It is Jonathan strickly 837 00:47:55,880 --> 00:47:59,160 Speaker 2: Deka the quister I bet aj Jacobs, the puzzler would 838 00:47:59,160 --> 00:48:01,200 Speaker 2: also enjoy doing that, would do it in a much 839 00:48:01,239 --> 00:48:02,680 Speaker 2: more good natured way. 840 00:48:03,200 --> 00:48:04,880 Speaker 1: A little bit more of the way of the open 841 00:48:04,920 --> 00:48:08,440 Speaker 1: hands with that guy. Yeah. Thanks also do Alex Williams, 842 00:48:08,440 --> 00:48:12,640 Speaker 1: who composed this slapping bob. Thanks to Christopher osiotis Eve's 843 00:48:12,680 --> 00:48:17,120 Speaker 1: Jeff cot Gay Blues Yer, uh got carrot talk. I 844 00:48:17,120 --> 00:48:17,880 Speaker 1: don't know why not? 845 00:48:18,120 --> 00:48:18,839 Speaker 4: Oh, why, but. 846 00:48:18,840 --> 00:48:24,239 Speaker 2: Why Julian Caesar, Julian Lennon, No, oh, let it go, 847 00:48:24,680 --> 00:48:30,200 Speaker 2: Bonocampia or whatever his name was, no Hugo the film 848 00:48:30,400 --> 00:48:32,360 Speaker 2: The Amanda appreciate this film by Martin. 849 00:48:32,160 --> 00:48:34,880 Speaker 4: Scorsaza and Noel. 850 00:48:35,200 --> 00:48:37,920 Speaker 1: Thanks to you. Happy Happy leap heer buddy. 851 00:48:37,960 --> 00:48:40,160 Speaker 4: Is it a holiday though we're working? No? 852 00:48:40,320 --> 00:48:49,640 Speaker 2: Really, I'll see it next time, folks. For more podcasts 853 00:48:49,640 --> 00:48:53,160 Speaker 2: from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever 854 00:48:53,280 --> 00:48:54,840 Speaker 2: you listen to your favorite shows.