WEBVTT - How the Papacy Works 0:00:00.240 --> 0:00:04.760 Brought to you by Toyota. Let's go places. Welcome to 0:00:04.800 --> 0:00:14.240 you stuff you should know Friendhouse, Stuff Works dot Com. Hey, 0:00:14.280 --> 0:00:17.400 and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. 0:00:17.600 --> 0:00:21.160 Chuck Bryant. Uh. And you put the two of us 0:00:21.160 --> 0:00:25.759 together at our new editor casey. Yeah, uh, and you 0:00:25.840 --> 0:00:28.319 have stuff you should know. Yeah, guest editor is not 0:00:28.400 --> 0:00:33.919 Matt this time. And we are in what looks like 0:00:34.560 --> 0:00:39.160 the room of the serial killer. Yeah, Buffalo bills. Yeah, 0:00:39.159 --> 0:00:40.920 this is the fourth room. Now we've been shuffled to 0:00:40.960 --> 0:00:43.560 in this office and this is a brand new to us. 0:00:43.600 --> 0:00:46.199 And it definitely very much looks like there might be 0:00:46.760 --> 0:00:49.800 a head floating in a jar behind me somewhere. Yeah. 0:00:49.920 --> 0:00:53.479 All of the windows are blacked out with foam. Um. 0:00:53.640 --> 0:00:57.640 There's one single bulb light in the middle of the table. 0:00:57.760 --> 0:01:00.440 There's stuff stacked around all over the play It's like 0:01:00.520 --> 0:01:04.160 some horder serial killer is living here. It's not a 0:01:04.200 --> 0:01:06.720 good place, Like I don't feel good right now, like 0:01:06.760 --> 0:01:09.320 temporarily living here, Like a serial killer wouldn't even live 0:01:09.360 --> 0:01:10.720 in here. This is just where they go to like 0:01:11.480 --> 0:01:14.679 take evidence. This is where they keep the victim. Yeah. Um, 0:01:14.760 --> 0:01:17.040 and that's where're recording from today. Yeah, we wanted to 0:01:17.040 --> 0:01:21.560 set the set the mental stage, all right, you know, 0:01:21.640 --> 0:01:26.399 I mean the mental environment has a really it's has 0:01:26.400 --> 0:01:31.000 a pronounced effect on the mind, like where we are. Yes, yeah, 0:01:31.040 --> 0:01:33.640 but no one cares. Remember that. They're always just so good. 0:01:33.640 --> 0:01:35.880 Just put jokes, joke in the hallway and they'll they're fine. 0:01:36.120 --> 0:01:40.039 Yeah it's um. Yeah, and apparently someone's listening to their 0:01:40.080 --> 0:01:44.480 voicemail just outside or great. Um. So the Pope, yes, 0:01:44.959 --> 0:01:52.360 so you know Joseph Ratzinger John Ratzenberger. No, no, no, 0:01:52.560 --> 0:01:54.520 this guy is totally different. I thought that was who 0:01:54.560 --> 0:01:57.280 the Pope was, you know, the Pope. You would be 0:01:57.280 --> 0:02:00.560 more familiar with Pope Benedict the second. Yeah. Um, but 0:02:00.800 --> 0:02:04.800 his birth name was Joseph ratzen Germ And following what um, 0:02:04.840 --> 0:02:08.400 what is a very very long tradition, as we'll see, um, 0:02:08.440 --> 0:02:11.080 he changed his name when he became pope. Well, I 0:02:11.080 --> 0:02:13.000 don't know if you know this or not, even though 0:02:13.040 --> 0:02:16.840 you selected this article, but I'm February eleven, he announced 0:02:16.840 --> 0:02:20.120 he's going to retire. Yeah, on the I think this 0:02:20.240 --> 0:02:23.480 is like I guess I gave two weeks because roughly 0:02:23.639 --> 0:02:25.799 two weeks later is going to be his last day, 0:02:25.840 --> 0:02:27.920 and I felt, I'm not Catholic, and I don't know 0:02:28.000 --> 0:02:31.400 much about the Catholic religion, um, because I grew up 0:02:31.400 --> 0:02:33.680 in the South, and especially you know, they're not a 0:02:33.720 --> 0:02:35.799 ton of Catholics in the South compared to other parts 0:02:35.840 --> 0:02:40.120 of the country. This is a very northeastern, Midwestern Yeah. Um. 0:02:40.160 --> 0:02:42.280 I felt bad for the guy though, because people like 0:02:42.440 --> 0:02:45.240 call him Pope scary and stuff, because he sort of 0:02:45.360 --> 0:02:47.440 looked kind of creepy. Yeah, and I just remember thinking 0:02:47.480 --> 0:02:50.880 that's not nice. He did. He was also um drafted 0:02:50.880 --> 0:02:54.400 into the German military during World War Two, which is 0:02:54.680 --> 0:02:56.920 you know, yeah, kind of something, and he abandoned, didn't 0:02:56.919 --> 0:03:00.720 he He deserted, yes, um, sensibly before he fired a 0:03:00.760 --> 0:03:02.959 shot at anybody. I think it was during basic training 0:03:02.960 --> 0:03:04.840 that he was like, I'm out of here. I might 0:03:04.840 --> 0:03:07.000 want to be Pope one day, and he's not going 0:03:07.040 --> 0:03:10.160 to look good on my resume. Um. But yeah. Plus 0:03:10.200 --> 0:03:12.799 also he followed in the footsteps of Pope John Paul, 0:03:12.840 --> 0:03:16.760 the second, arguably the most lovable pope of all time. Yeah. 0:03:16.760 --> 0:03:19.080 I mean he was seventy eight to two thousand five. 0:03:19.320 --> 0:03:21.440 That's a nice chunk of time in the modern era. 0:03:21.600 --> 0:03:24.440 So he was a huge traveler. He was credited with 0:03:24.480 --> 0:03:26.799 helping to bring about the end of the Cold War 0:03:27.240 --> 0:03:30.600 to some degree. Um, he was beloved by all, even 0:03:30.600 --> 0:03:33.160 people who weren't Catholic. Love Pope John Paul the Second. Yeah, 0:03:33.160 --> 0:03:35.680 he's probably the most impersonated pope. You know, the one 0:03:35.680 --> 0:03:39.880 guy or maybe it wasn't just one guy that that 0:03:40.040 --> 0:03:43.120 naked gunn well, yeah, and others, but that's the one 0:03:43.120 --> 0:03:47.400 I always associated looked just like him John Paul too, Yeah, JP, 0:03:47.640 --> 0:03:49.560 And they would do that smile in like the weird 0:03:49.600 --> 0:03:54.120 way with the hand he learned from Queen Elizabeth. Um. Okay, 0:03:54.120 --> 0:03:58.400 so yeah, Benedict said, hey, I'm very tired. I'm I'm 0:03:58.440 --> 0:04:01.160 going to retire, and the whole old said, I don't 0:04:01.200 --> 0:04:03.680 know if you can do that. Can a pope retire? 0:04:04.080 --> 0:04:07.040 He said, oh, yes you can. As a matter of fact, 0:04:07.360 --> 0:04:11.000 the last pope to retire was Gregory the twelve. Just 0:04:11.000 --> 0:04:15.480 go back six hundred years for president Yeah to be exact, Um, 0:04:15.600 --> 0:04:18.919 where he basically retired to end what was called the 0:04:18.920 --> 0:04:24.320 Great Schism at the time. Yeah. Apparently. Um, there was 0:04:24.360 --> 0:04:28.000 a seventy year period where the papacy, which is the 0:04:28.040 --> 0:04:35.080 governance by the pope UM left Rome and moved Averignon, France. Okay, 0:04:35.400 --> 0:04:40.159 and um, I guess Gregory the eleven, so do you 0:04:40.160 --> 0:04:41.720 know what, We're going to take it back to Rome. 0:04:42.080 --> 0:04:45.560 And that created the Great Schism, which, depending on who 0:04:45.560 --> 0:04:49.760 you ask, made Pope Benedict either the two hundred and 0:04:49.760 --> 0:04:54.000 sixty five or the two hundred sixty six Pope, because 0:04:54.080 --> 0:04:56.360 during this Great Schism there was a pope in Rome 0:04:56.680 --> 0:04:59.640 and there was a pope in Avignon, France. So then uh, 0:05:00.120 --> 0:05:02.440 Gregory the twelve comes to power and says, you know what, 0:05:02.560 --> 0:05:06.080 I'm just gonna retire. It's gonna end the Great Schism. 0:05:06.120 --> 0:05:08.239 He's the last Pope, and I believe the first pope 0:05:08.240 --> 0:05:11.919 ever to retire, so Bennett, so there's only been to Benedict. 0:05:11.920 --> 0:05:13.520 The second is the second as far as I know. 0:05:13.680 --> 0:05:16.000 Did you see Saturday in Life this week? No, I 0:05:16.040 --> 0:05:18.520 don't watch us. I know these days it's the had 0:05:18.760 --> 0:05:21.359 Crystal Faults was on. Did you see the little Pope 0:05:21.360 --> 0:05:23.839 retiring commercial? It was pretty funny. They did like the 0:05:23.880 --> 0:05:29.120 typical like you know, financial retirement commercial spoof of the 0:05:29.160 --> 0:05:32.280 pope retiring and getting every all financials in a row. 0:05:32.720 --> 0:05:35.120 It was pretty funny. I think my favorite um SNL 0:05:35.120 --> 0:05:38.400 commercial is the one with Sam Waterson Waterson from Law 0:05:38.440 --> 0:05:42.920 and Order Jack McCoy, which one was where he talks about, UM, 0:05:43.040 --> 0:05:46.360 he's selling insurance to the elderly to protect against robots 0:05:46.360 --> 0:05:48.000 who want to come into their home and eat their 0:05:48.000 --> 0:05:52.000 medication because that's what they that's what they're fueled by. 0:05:52.160 --> 0:05:54.200 And robots are gonna come your home unless you have 0:05:54.279 --> 0:05:59.800 this insurance Pacemaker mads. It's really great commercial that you 0:05:59.800 --> 0:06:02.000 put him in anything, and yeah, it's going to feel 0:06:02.040 --> 0:06:03.760 like that kind of commercial, and he managed to do 0:06:03.800 --> 0:06:07.359 with the straight face to um, this is a guy's 0:06:07.360 --> 0:06:10.560 a class act. Uh So okay, So Benedict the second 0:06:10.560 --> 0:06:14.560 announces he retires and um, you choose how the papacy works. 0:06:14.600 --> 0:06:16.680 And I think we should point out we're talking about 0:06:16.680 --> 0:06:21.440 the papacy, which is this position in the world, this 0:06:21.520 --> 0:06:25.680 world leader, figurehead, the head of the Catholic Church, Papa, 0:06:25.920 --> 0:06:28.839 Vicar of Christ, the Holy Father, the Bishop of Rome. 0:06:28.960 --> 0:06:32.599 They're all synonymous with the pope. And what the pope 0:06:32.640 --> 0:06:35.320 does is the papacy. So that's what we're talking about, 0:06:35.360 --> 0:06:37.680 is the papacy. It's like what the Pope's expected to do. 0:06:38.279 --> 0:06:40.320 How you get a new pope. Well, there's a lot 0:06:40.360 --> 0:06:44.280 of people questions. Yeah, and this one is especially relevant, 0:06:44.279 --> 0:06:45.480 you know, because a lot of this is going to 0:06:45.600 --> 0:06:50.720 deal with the really interesting I found process for selecting 0:06:50.720 --> 0:06:54.800 and electing. And of course because it's religion A and 0:06:55.000 --> 0:06:58.440 Catholic religion B. It's not just we get around and 0:06:58.480 --> 0:07:00.360 we talk about it and we like raise our hands. 0:07:00.720 --> 0:07:03.960 It's you know, it's like very uh. I don't know. 0:07:04.000 --> 0:07:05.680 It's kind of a cool process. I think it is. 0:07:05.720 --> 0:07:08.080 It's dark Kane and it's and it's happening right now. 0:07:10.400 --> 0:07:12.920 It can't happen yet, no, no, no, it's the process 0:07:12.960 --> 0:07:15.720 has begun. They're trying to it's fit the March of 0:07:15.800 --> 0:07:17.920 steenth is the vote, but they're trying to get it 0:07:17.960 --> 0:07:20.960 pushed forward. Even they are because I thought it can't 0:07:21.000 --> 0:07:25.440 happen sooner than fifteen days after the pope retires. After 0:07:25.480 --> 0:07:28.520 the pope dies. Oh really, so they're gonna push it 0:07:28.520 --> 0:07:31.320 forward because he's retired because there's no reason not to basically, 0:07:31.360 --> 0:07:33.360 oh yeah, because they don't have to celebrate the funeral 0:07:33.800 --> 0:07:37.000 or have a body on their hands. It's not me, 0:07:37.080 --> 0:07:40.320 it's people. Yeah, but you notice that detail. Yeah, people saying, 0:07:40.320 --> 0:07:42.120 you know, if we can go ahead and push this 0:07:42.160 --> 0:07:44.480 forward a little bit, but at the very we know 0:07:44.600 --> 0:07:47.720 it's going to happen on the fifteenth or earlier. Um, 0:07:47.760 --> 0:07:51.720 and they're already talking about maybe the first African pope. 0:07:51.960 --> 0:07:54.920 I know, I'm excited American guy from Ghana or a 0:07:54.960 --> 0:07:58.480 guy from Brazil. Yeah, um, yeah, I'm pretty psyched about that. 0:07:58.960 --> 0:08:01.760 There miter in the in the ring. I guess apparently 0:08:01.800 --> 0:08:06.240 it's going to be a very conservative pope still because um, 0:08:06.640 --> 0:08:14.040 Pope Benedict canonized, um or elected to Cardinal of the Electorate. 0:08:14.520 --> 0:08:18.720 Well and John Paul was the other. So um, there's 0:08:18.920 --> 0:08:21.760 your You're going to get a pope who shares the 0:08:21.760 --> 0:08:25.040 same views as Benedict most likely probably, But that hasn't 0:08:25.080 --> 0:08:30.400 stopped people from writing end list op eds already saying, hey, 0:08:30.720 --> 0:08:34.000 the majority of Catholics believe X, Y and Z, Now 0:08:34.400 --> 0:08:37.200 can we get a pope that represents a modern the 0:08:37.240 --> 0:08:40.439 modern Catholic. And they're saying it's probably not gonna happen. 0:08:41.320 --> 0:08:43.600 We're thinking, but it's probably not gonna but maybe they'll 0:08:43.600 --> 0:08:46.240 be from Latin America or Africa, which would be you know, 0:08:46.360 --> 0:08:49.840 it's a pretty big jump forward. First non European and 0:08:50.240 --> 0:08:52.640 like a thousand years. I think, yeah, well we don't 0:08:52.640 --> 0:08:56.760 know yet. Well possibly, yeah, let's see, I'm excited. Let's 0:08:56.800 --> 0:09:01.560 talk about this. How how long have we had pope? Uh, 0:09:01.600 --> 0:09:05.640 well we have had depending on who you ask. Um. St. 0:09:05.679 --> 0:09:09.560 Peter possibly is the first pope, even though he never like, 0:09:09.720 --> 0:09:11.480 they didn't have the office of pope at the time. 0:09:11.880 --> 0:09:14.080 That he's widely considered to be the first pope because 0:09:14.800 --> 0:09:19.800 Jesus himself sort of handed over the reins and said, 0:09:19.880 --> 0:09:23.600 you know what, when I ascend to Heaven, I'd like 0:09:23.679 --> 0:09:26.360 you to kind of run the show for me, if 0:09:26.360 --> 0:09:30.200 you don't mind. And um, Biblical scholars love, love, love 0:09:30.280 --> 0:09:33.560 interpreting stuff that Jesus said. And he said something in 0:09:33.960 --> 0:09:38.480 Matthew six eighteen UM that they take to say Peter 0:09:38.640 --> 0:09:41.040 was the first pope. Peter was the person that Jesus said, 0:09:41.280 --> 0:09:44.160 it's up to you to run the church. Yeah, that verses. 0:09:44.280 --> 0:09:47.800 And I say, also, unto the thou that thou art, Peter, 0:09:47.960 --> 0:09:50.320 and upon this rock, I will build my church, and 0:09:50.320 --> 0:09:52.520 the gates of Hell shall not prevail against it. And 0:09:52.559 --> 0:09:58.520 that is the Petrin or petron guarantee. And uh. Theologians 0:09:58.559 --> 0:10:03.800 believe that Peter is the because Jesus spoke Aramaic and 0:10:04.120 --> 0:10:06.959 Peter's original name was Simon and Christ named him Peter, 0:10:07.880 --> 0:10:11.120 uh named him Cephas, which is Aramaic. Four rocks. So 0:10:11.160 --> 0:10:16.440 they're saying not to be confused with or Yeah, Hank 0:10:16.480 --> 0:10:21.520 Williams Jr. Yeah that's pretty good. Um so yeah, so 0:10:21.559 --> 0:10:24.319 people saying theologians mainly say, you know what, that's the 0:10:24.440 --> 0:10:27.360 rock that he's talking about. The rock is Peter. And 0:10:27.559 --> 0:10:30.920 further evidence is when he also says, to Peter, feed 0:10:30.960 --> 0:10:34.120 my sheep, but I work you have to imagine, and 0:10:34.280 --> 0:10:36.520 he's said in a certain tone, I know, but I 0:10:36.559 --> 0:10:40.320 word just like, hey, that's what I worry about. So 0:10:40.360 --> 0:10:42.839 he's like, buddy, I'm going to heaven, would you mind 0:10:42.880 --> 0:10:44.680 feeding my sheep while I'm gone, Which is funny that 0:10:44.720 --> 0:10:47.800 there's sheep that actually died, because Peter was like, he means, 0:10:47.960 --> 0:10:51.800 I know what he means, Peter, I'm not a Bible literalist. 0:10:51.880 --> 0:10:54.719 He's got people to feed his other sheep, and then 0:10:54.760 --> 0:10:57.800 he would never asked me to feed his sheep. He 0:10:57.920 --> 0:11:02.000 wants to lead his people about wool. Well, okay, so 0:11:02.080 --> 0:11:06.120 Peter's the first pope that's that's part of church dogma. 0:11:06.160 --> 0:11:08.839 That's the pet try and guarantee, even though it wasn't 0:11:08.880 --> 0:11:13.120 like the popes came after Peter right, and they came 0:11:13.160 --> 0:11:15.400 after Peter. Well, Peter went to Rome late in his 0:11:15.440 --> 0:11:18.199 life to say, hey, Jesus is just all right with me? 0:11:18.720 --> 0:11:21.439 Um and uh. He was killed for it by Nero, 0:11:22.120 --> 0:11:26.520 persecuted the early church um, which at the time was 0:11:26.559 --> 0:11:30.440 basically just Peter um. And so Peter became a martyr. No, 0:11:30.520 --> 0:11:34.480 Nero didn't fiddle. So Peter Peter becomes a martyr. He's uh. 0:11:34.720 --> 0:11:39.160 He's buried on Vatican Hill um and the Basilica of St. 0:11:39.160 --> 0:11:42.640 Peter is built over him and um and from that 0:11:42.679 --> 0:11:45.600 point on to honor Peter as as the first pope, 0:11:46.000 --> 0:11:49.920 all other popes that fell into line behind him are 0:11:50.840 --> 0:11:55.800 are considered to be the direct successor of Peter. So 0:11:55.880 --> 0:11:58.960 if you look at the papal family tree, there's Peter 0:11:59.040 --> 0:12:01.200 at the top, and then there's one other line, and 0:12:01.200 --> 0:12:05.760 it's all the popes coming directly from Peter. Whoever follows 0:12:05.760 --> 0:12:12.080 on this next one isn't descended from John Ratzenburger. He's 0:12:12.080 --> 0:12:16.320 descended from Peter right. He's following Peter's direct rule right, 0:12:16.400 --> 0:12:19.439 And as such, the pope is considered to be carrying 0:12:19.480 --> 0:12:25.520 on directly the bestowment of power conferred by Jesus onto Peter. Yeah, 0:12:25.520 --> 0:12:26.880 and I kind of like that. I guess that sort 0:12:26.880 --> 0:12:30.320 of signifies it's it's the office and not the person, 0:12:31.320 --> 0:12:34.079 you know what I mean, Like it puts the importance 0:12:34.280 --> 0:12:36.600 on the office itself and not like, hey, you're following 0:12:36.720 --> 0:12:40.760 this guy right well, you know, like you're following the 0:12:40.760 --> 0:12:43.760 the original the o G. I was gonna say that, 0:12:43.800 --> 0:12:46.760 but now about that's disrespectful. And then I thought, I've 0:12:46.760 --> 0:12:49.760 called the pope John Ratzenburger four times. Sorry, I think 0:12:49.760 --> 0:12:53.199 you got that covered, okay. Um. And then so that 0:12:53.280 --> 0:12:55.679 you've got the the the idea that the pope is 0:12:55.720 --> 0:12:59.440 a direct successor Peter, which gives him tons of power. Basically, 0:12:59.480 --> 0:13:03.120 he's one grease separated from Jesus conferring the powers onto Peter. 0:13:03.880 --> 0:13:07.559 And then um, the the bunch of bishops got together 0:13:07.640 --> 0:13:11.600 to create the first Vatican Council in eighteen seventy and said, 0:13:11.880 --> 0:13:15.559 you know what, not only that we we have thought 0:13:15.559 --> 0:13:18.880 about it were theologians, and we've decided that the pope 0:13:18.920 --> 0:13:23.600 is infallible in matters of spirituality and religion. That was 0:13:23.600 --> 0:13:26.800 a big deal because it basically means you can't question 0:13:26.840 --> 0:13:29.440 anything that comes out of his mouth. If he lays 0:13:29.440 --> 0:13:33.800 down some doctrine, then that's the final word. Because Jesus 0:13:34.440 --> 0:13:37.280 conferred these powers onto Peter, and these people are direct 0:13:37.280 --> 0:13:41.280 successors of Peter and by by proxy, have the same power. 0:13:41.960 --> 0:13:45.760 Jesus was infallible ex post facto, so is the pope. 0:13:45.920 --> 0:13:48.719 That's what they said, And everybody said, Okay, we were 0:13:48.760 --> 0:13:54.880 listening to him anyway, but thank you for making official. Yeah, exactly. So, Um, 0:13:54.920 --> 0:13:57.720 that's the pope. That's the power of the pope. Um. 0:13:57.960 --> 0:14:02.319 And again this is the was powerful figurehead of any religion. 0:14:02.600 --> 0:14:05.040 There at one point six billion Muslims in the world, 0:14:05.480 --> 0:14:09.000 but there's not a living figurehead of that of the 0:14:09.080 --> 0:14:13.720 of Islam. With Catholicism there's one point two billion, and 0:14:13.760 --> 0:14:15.600 there's one guy who's the head of it all, and 0:14:15.640 --> 0:14:20.560 that's the Pope. So let's say Benedict hed retired. Let's 0:14:20.600 --> 0:14:24.800 say he stayed pope until he died. What happens. What 0:14:24.920 --> 0:14:28.800 happens when the pope died? Um? Well, the there's an 0:14:29.120 --> 0:14:34.080 an authority called the Cardinal Carma Lingo I like that name, 0:14:35.360 --> 0:14:37.520 or Chamberlain it's another name, and that's the Secretary of 0:14:37.560 --> 0:14:40.320 State of the Vatican, and Vatican City is the smallest 0:14:40.920 --> 0:14:46.720 independent state in the World's and change acres. Yeah, and 0:14:46.760 --> 0:14:48.400 I think I told my story at the time about 0:14:48.400 --> 0:14:50.960 walking around it because I was trying to find the 0:14:50.960 --> 0:14:53.720 way in and there's no way in unless you go 0:14:53.760 --> 0:14:56.320 on the front. Are you trying to sneak in the 0:14:56.320 --> 0:14:58.400 back door of Vatican? So I just thought like, surely 0:14:58.480 --> 0:15:01.560 you can get in this way, like, so they'll let me. 0:15:02.360 --> 0:15:05.000 But there was just big, tall walls, and it's a 0:15:05.000 --> 0:15:07.840 long walk around the Vatican. A hundred acres is kind 0:15:07.840 --> 0:15:09.840 of a walk. Yeah, things like one ten or one's 0:15:10.000 --> 0:15:16.240 I think dead on a country mile as the bird flies. Um, 0:15:16.280 --> 0:15:18.280 all right, so where were we? So that the Secretary 0:15:18.280 --> 0:15:24.640 of State uh assumes the non theological responsibilities of the 0:15:24.680 --> 0:15:27.320 pope immediately, and it's sort of like if the president 0:15:27.360 --> 0:15:30.040 passes on, the vice president takes over, you know, in 0:15:30.040 --> 0:15:33.000 the interim running Vatican City. Yeah, actually not interim for 0:15:33.040 --> 0:15:36.800 the president. Their permanent um, well until the next election, 0:15:36.880 --> 0:15:43.800 right yeah, yeah, permanent meaning it's not an interim position unfortunately. Yeah. Uh, 0:15:43.840 --> 0:15:46.440 so they have to confirm that the pope is dead, 0:15:46.920 --> 0:15:50.840 and they call the pope's name three times. There's no 0:15:51.000 --> 0:15:54.760 by name, I think, And there's a myth that I 0:15:54.800 --> 0:15:56.840 had a hard time tracking down that they would hit 0:15:57.600 --> 0:15:59.360 tap the pope on the head with a silver hammer 0:16:00.200 --> 0:16:04.080 three times. And apparently that is something that they did 0:16:04.160 --> 0:16:06.800 until the nineteen sixties, and that went the way of 0:16:06.800 --> 0:16:09.640 the Dodo. I can imagine, because all the popes had 0:16:09.680 --> 0:16:11.880 little bruises. Yeah, I think it was a tap and 0:16:12.000 --> 0:16:15.480 not like a post mortem bruising from a hammer. But 0:16:15.800 --> 0:16:19.920 I think they do use that same hammer to destroy 0:16:20.320 --> 0:16:23.600 the ring of the fishermen, which they remove once the 0:16:23.640 --> 0:16:26.160 pope is passed. Every pope has worn this for like 0:16:26.200 --> 0:16:29.440 eight hundred years. Yeah, some version of it's like it's 0:16:29.440 --> 0:16:32.720 a seal with Peter on a fishing boat fishing and 0:16:32.760 --> 0:16:35.040 then the name of that pope and then they destroyed 0:16:35.080 --> 0:16:36.920 the same one. But did you see whether they used 0:16:36.920 --> 0:16:40.160 the same gold to make a new ring, remember for 0:16:40.280 --> 0:16:45.080 missing gold recycled. That's true, but apparently they used that 0:16:45.120 --> 0:16:50.160 silver hammer to destroy the ring and the seals. And Um, 0:16:50.240 --> 0:16:53.800 the body lies there and repose for nine nine days consecutive. 0:16:54.520 --> 0:16:57.360 They celebrate the funeral rights. There are no photos allowed. 0:16:57.600 --> 0:17:03.040 Um because the bruising, yeah, as the bruising. But once uh, 0:17:03.200 --> 0:17:08.200 they have put the pope in his vestments and the miter. 0:17:08.359 --> 0:17:10.120 I guess, although I don't know, you're probably not buried 0:17:10.119 --> 0:17:17.960 in the miter which the yeah, I don't recall seeing John. No, 0:17:18.080 --> 0:17:21.240 he had his little skull cap on hich has a 0:17:21.280 --> 0:17:24.120 specific name too. I can't take of that right now. No, 0:17:24.160 --> 0:17:28.920 I think for them, it's different for Catholic popes. Um, 0:17:29.040 --> 0:17:32.000 then you are allowed, if so deemed, you are allowed 0:17:32.040 --> 0:17:35.159 to take a post mortem photo, like an official photo 0:17:35.240 --> 0:17:39.280 for like documenting the situation. But you can't go in 0:17:39.320 --> 0:17:41.240 there with your cameras. And if the pope is sick 0:17:41.320 --> 0:17:43.520 on his deathbed, you can't go in there and film 0:17:43.520 --> 0:17:47.919 that kind of stuff. It's untoward, it is. And then 0:17:47.960 --> 0:17:50.120 they bury him. Yeah, they bury him in like a 0:17:50.160 --> 0:17:54.000 little Matroshka doll in three coffins, one in case of 0:17:54.080 --> 0:17:56.960 another encase, then another, so it's a cypress elm and 0:17:56.960 --> 0:18:00.320 then lead. Yeah, and like who's working with lead these days? 0:18:01.000 --> 0:18:05.760 I don't know, I guess Roman coffin maker. That's that's scary, 0:18:06.200 --> 0:18:08.639 Like how do you prevent any kind of lead poisoning 0:18:08.680 --> 0:18:11.959 when you're making a lead coffin. I don't know. I mean, 0:18:12.040 --> 0:18:15.840 let's still use right, it's not like yeah, I think 0:18:15.880 --> 0:18:20.400 it's fairly discontinued in in most cases. Yeah, you should 0:18:20.440 --> 0:18:23.000 read this, Thump. There's a Mother Jones article called the 0:18:23.040 --> 0:18:27.760 Real Criminal Element Lead. It is awesome, man. Yeah. Basically 0:18:27.800 --> 0:18:31.480 they tied crime rates and the decline of crime rates 0:18:31.520 --> 0:18:36.680 across American cities with the decline of letty gasoline. Interesting. Yeah, 0:18:36.680 --> 0:18:39.200 it's really interesting and they do it pretty convincingly. You 0:18:39.240 --> 0:18:41.840 should have called it, get the lead out, I thought. So, Like, 0:18:41.920 --> 0:18:43.960 there's a bunch of different puns they could have made. 0:18:44.240 --> 0:18:47.560 They chose one. So now we have to elect a 0:18:47.560 --> 0:18:50.840 new pope. Right, whether whether Benedict was dead or not, 0:18:50.960 --> 0:18:52.720 this is the same thing that's going to happen. And 0:18:52.800 --> 0:18:54.359 like you said, they're trying to move it up because 0:18:54.359 --> 0:18:58.880 he's not that they don't have to carry out the funeral, right. So, um, 0:18:58.960 --> 0:19:02.359 And the first thing that happens is the College of Cardinals. 0:19:02.400 --> 0:19:04.480 The guys who are going to serve as the electors, 0:19:04.720 --> 0:19:08.399 not the University of Louisville, no, but the College of Cardinals. Um. 0:19:08.520 --> 0:19:12.480 They get together and they enter what is called conclave, 0:19:12.680 --> 0:19:15.199 which means with Key, which means that they are basically 0:19:15.200 --> 0:19:18.040 sequestered from the rest of the world until they can 0:19:18.119 --> 0:19:24.800 come to a two thirds agreement. Now I think that's 0:19:24.840 --> 0:19:27.399 a simple majority is half plus one. This is like 0:19:27.440 --> 0:19:30.399 straight up two thirds, I believe. So we need to 0:19:30.480 --> 0:19:34.119 change this in um the Well, no, you can after 0:19:34.160 --> 0:19:37.520 twelve or thirteen days go to a simple majority. Yeah, 0:19:37.560 --> 0:19:40.639 but you want to be plus one is the first 0:19:40.920 --> 0:19:42.840 go and then if that doesn't work, then you got 0:19:42.840 --> 0:19:46.199 a simple majority. Well, then you're probably right because I 0:19:46.200 --> 0:19:50.600 think this was Um, I don't know, man, we'll call 0:19:50.680 --> 0:19:53.120 them out. I think it might have been Tom Harris. 0:19:53.680 --> 0:19:56.199 We'll go with Tom. So it's probably we'll go with 0:19:56.240 --> 0:19:59.120 two thirds plus one in this case. Um. So basically 0:19:59.119 --> 0:20:04.560 the cardinals get to other they are sequestered. They they 0:20:04.960 --> 0:20:07.680 basically there's I think a hundred and twenty of them tops. 0:20:08.280 --> 0:20:11.240 There's one seventeen right now. They haven't picked the other 0:20:11.280 --> 0:20:13.840 three yet. I don't think there are another three. So 0:20:13.880 --> 0:20:16.159 there's a hundred between a hundred and seventeen and a 0:20:16.200 --> 0:20:19.640 hundred and twenty electors cardinals who are going to vote 0:20:19.640 --> 0:20:22.040 for pope. I think it's no more than a hundred 0:20:22.040 --> 0:20:26.160 and twenty that's the maximum number. There's also an age limit. 0:20:26.240 --> 0:20:31.480 If you turned eighty before the day the Pope dies 0:20:31.600 --> 0:20:36.479 or retires, you're out. You're your old news um and 0:20:36.520 --> 0:20:39.480 you can't vote. You can't be a cardinal in the electorate. 0:20:39.520 --> 0:20:43.399 Even though the Benedict was like seventy eight when he 0:20:43.440 --> 0:20:46.639 was elected pope. Right, Well, that doesn't cover pope. That 0:20:46.680 --> 0:20:48.639 covers whoever is electing the pope. Yeah, no, but I 0:20:48.680 --> 0:20:51.359 just find it interesting that two years later you you 0:20:51.359 --> 0:20:54.320 can't even vote, yet they would put someone in, as 0:20:54.440 --> 0:20:56.679 you know, the highest office. I don't know. Well, he 0:20:56.760 --> 0:21:00.560 was the oldest pope ever elected. Yah know, these guys 0:21:00.640 --> 0:21:04.040 can't even tweet. And you may laugh, but there are 0:21:04.119 --> 0:21:10.240 nine active tweet twitterers in the College of Cardinals. Well, 0:21:10.280 --> 0:21:12.919 there's the Pope has their Twitter account, pont effects. But 0:21:13.119 --> 0:21:16.040 nine of the cardinals tweet themselves and they're there have 0:21:16.359 --> 0:21:20.360 there's they have specifically been forbidden from tweeting during this 0:21:20.400 --> 0:21:22.320 time period. I can see that. Oh, it's part of 0:21:22.359 --> 0:21:25.800 you know, being under key in conclaff. I wonder if 0:21:25.800 --> 0:21:28.600 they ever thought they would have to cover that though, Hey, 0:21:28.680 --> 0:21:34.639 the world is changing, but tweeting cardinals Okay, So there's 0:21:35.000 --> 0:21:38.920 two ballots a day, uh, for a total of four 0:21:39.280 --> 0:21:41.720 to too possible in the morning too in the afternoon, 0:21:42.560 --> 0:21:44.600 and then after twelve or thirteen days, if there's still 0:21:44.640 --> 0:21:46.520 no pope, they can say, you know what, to heck 0:21:46.600 --> 0:21:49.680 with this where it's going to go with a simple majority, 0:21:49.800 --> 0:21:53.920 which I think is plus one and uh, then we'll 0:21:53.960 --> 0:21:56.600 elect the new pope. And while they're doing this, there's 0:21:56.720 --> 0:22:00.720 like some there's there's some details that you know, have 0:22:00.880 --> 0:22:04.640 to be followed to vote for a new pope. Yeah, 0:22:04.640 --> 0:22:08.760 it's pretty cool, Like you know, this information has always 0:22:08.800 --> 0:22:11.080 been out there, but now in today's age, it's really 0:22:11.080 --> 0:22:13.520 out there. So I think up until this election, a 0:22:13.560 --> 0:22:17.040 lot of people probably didn't understand like exactly what's going on. Well, 0:22:17.080 --> 0:22:21.879 Pope John Paul published um the guidelines. He said, Hey, everybody, 0:22:22.000 --> 0:22:24.040 we're just being transparent. Here, here's what we're doing. Here, 0:22:24.119 --> 0:22:27.399 south's done so. Uh, they're rectangular ballots and this is 0:22:27.440 --> 0:22:31.320 all very important. Imagine they probably don't vary from this process. 0:22:31.440 --> 0:22:32.800 I wouldn't be like, you know what, I'm gonna do 0:22:32.840 --> 0:22:35.639 a round ballot just to mix things up. Um at 0:22:35.640 --> 0:22:39.200 the top, yeah, at the top of the words, uh, 0:22:39.520 --> 0:22:44.159 Latin words iligo in some of them pontiffs, Um, I 0:22:44.240 --> 0:22:47.040 elect a supreme pontiff. So it's basically saying like, this 0:22:47.080 --> 0:22:50.640 is the official ballot, and then below that the each 0:22:50.640 --> 0:22:52.840 cardinal is going to write down the name in pen 0:22:53.800 --> 0:22:58.240 of the pope hand in their little paper like it's 0:22:58.320 --> 0:23:01.760 the elementary school student body. They folded twice. Now I 0:23:01.760 --> 0:23:05.159 thought someone else. Uh oh no, they yah, they folded twice, right, 0:23:05.200 --> 0:23:07.360 and then they put it on a plate and then 0:23:07.359 --> 0:23:10.400 they used the plate to dump it into the ballot box. Yeah. Well, 0:23:10.440 --> 0:23:12.680