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Speaker 1: Lord Veda requires all of these necropsies to be completed

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Speaker 1: by the end of the day. The surgical droids says,

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Speaker 1: these are substantial specimens. We might require more time two episodes.

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Speaker 1: Even Lord Vader is not a fan of two parts.

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Speaker 1: He says, the anatomy of the alien specimens are quite involved,

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Speaker 1: and if we're to perform a complete analysis, will need

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Speaker 1: more time. Okay, fine, but the adults better be extremely infotaining.

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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind production of My

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind.

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Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb, and I'm Joe McCormick. And

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Speaker 1: you know, the last couple of years, Rob, you really

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Speaker 1: leaned into the holidays. But most of those holidays were

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Speaker 1: towards the end of the year, the wintertime holidays, the

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Speaker 1: hibernation holidays, thanks Giving, Christmas, of course Halloween. But we

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Speaker 1: do that all the time. And and I think I

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Speaker 1: get the sense that you are so strongly leaning into

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Speaker 1: the holidays that it has continued into the month of May. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I guess I'm bringing that spirit, uh into May, especially

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Speaker 1: for today's holiday, Uh May the Fourth, as in May

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Speaker 1: the Fourth be with you, which is of course the

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Speaker 1: one day each year that everyone gets to go crazy

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Speaker 1: for Star Wars in addition to plan, addition to all

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Speaker 1: the other days. I guess. But um, but yeah, I

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Speaker 1: I you know, I don't know that even though I

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Speaker 1: think my son and I had gotten super into Star

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Speaker 1: Wars this at this point last year, I think we

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Speaker 1: kind of forgot about May the fourth being a thing.

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Speaker 1: Like May the fourth was never a thing when I

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Speaker 1: was a Star Wars fan as a kid that I

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Speaker 1: know of, so it kind of blew right past me. Um.

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Speaker 1: But but this time, I I kind of realized that

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Speaker 1: the last minute, Oh my goodness, May fourth is next week.

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Speaker 1: It's it's Star Wars Day. It's just uh, just open season.

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Speaker 1: We should do some Star Wars as content. You know,

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Speaker 1: I would have guessed, even as obsessed with Star Wars

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Speaker 1: as you were last year, and I guess continuing into

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Speaker 1: this year, uh, that May the fourth wouldn't be your bag.

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Speaker 1: I would I would expect that May the fourth would

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Speaker 1: kind of irritate you, would be one of those cute

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Speaker 1: little things that gets under your skin. Am I wrong? Um? No? No,

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Speaker 1: I mean I think I don't have any problem with it.

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Speaker 1: I mean, especially since there's like new stuff coming out.

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Speaker 1: I'm like, Okay, if that's if this sets the deadline

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Speaker 1: for for the Bad Batch animated series to come out

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Speaker 1: and makes them, you know, put it out, then I'm

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Speaker 1: glad that we have it. Otherwise stuff would just keep

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Speaker 1: getting delayed, right right, Okay, yes, just wedge you on

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Speaker 1: into our calendars. Yeah, maybe they'll come up with another

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Speaker 1: Star Wars holiday this year. Well, some to say that there's, well,

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Speaker 1: we have May the Fourth as it Made a fourth

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Speaker 1: be with you, and then some say there's Revenge of

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Speaker 1: the Fifth, which is tomorrow. But I don't know, Um,

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Speaker 1: I don't know how how crazy that. Maybe there's something

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Speaker 1: for the sixth as well. But I think I think

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Speaker 1: it's gonna be appropriate that it will continue after today,

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Speaker 1: because we originally planned for this to be one episode,

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Speaker 1: but then as we were working on the notes, we

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Speaker 1: were like, oh, wait a minute, we've got like, you know,

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Speaker 1: a fifty thousand pages of content or whatever it is

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Speaker 1: we've got now, so so this will definitely be at

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Speaker 1: least Tuesday and Thursday of this week. It is a

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Speaker 1: it is a week long Made the fourth, Yes, yes,

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Speaker 1: that is well, it should be. So Obviously we've talked

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Speaker 1: about Star Wars a bit here on the show in

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Speaker 1: the past, whether it be a discussion of you know,

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Speaker 1: the question could Jupiter be blown up by the Death

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Speaker 1: Star uh, and I think the answer was probably not.

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Speaker 1: We've also talked about the Mighty Sarlac, and we also

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Speaker 1: did a weird house cinema episode on e Walks the

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Speaker 1: Battle for Indoor. But in this episode, we're gonna take

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Speaker 1: the old my monster science approach to the some of

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Speaker 1: the aliens from the Star Wars universe, you know, using

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Speaker 1: some sort of some bit of fantastic biology and then

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Speaker 1: using that as a way to discuss real world terrestrial

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Speaker 1: biology and finding where things line up where they don't, etcetera.

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Speaker 1: Now standard disclaimer here we are Star Wars fans, but

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Speaker 1: we are not Star Wars experts. We're probably not going

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Speaker 1: to perfectly reflect cannon or legend uh with regards to

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Speaker 1: the Star Wars universe with accuracy. Here. We haven't read

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Speaker 1: every scientific meditation on Star Wars, and we don't know

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Speaker 1: the extended universe perfectly. But we'll do the best we

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Speaker 1: can here and we'll have some fun with the topic.

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Speaker 1: But we fully invite you to get mad about it. Well,

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Speaker 1: there's no reason to get mad about it. This is

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Speaker 1: all too too fun. But yes, certainly, um feel free

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Speaker 1: to write in if if you have any actually, he's

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Speaker 1: uh to share with us regarding the creatures we're talking

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Speaker 1: about here today. Well put, all right, Well let's start

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Speaker 1: with your first selection, Joe, what did you choose from

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Speaker 1: the the vast and exotic Star Wars universe? Okay, Well,

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Speaker 1: to set the stage, the film is The Empire Strikes Back.

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Speaker 1: It's that mid movie section, the chase where han Leia,

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Speaker 1: Chewy and C three po are on the run from

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Speaker 1: the impure Real Fleet in the Millennium Falcon. This is

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Speaker 1: after they have evacuated the Hawth base and there are

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Speaker 1: a group of star destroyers that are chasing the Millennium

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Speaker 1: Falcon and they chase it into an asteroid field. This

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Speaker 1: was one of my favorite parts when I was a kid.

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Speaker 1: I still love it today. There's a kind of it

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Speaker 1: almost becomes like a James Bond car chase or like

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Speaker 1: Smokey and the Bandit where you know, they're like the

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Speaker 1: scene where the cars are zipping around, you know, through

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Speaker 1: obstacles and around traffic, but it's in space and instead

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Speaker 1: of other cars and a bunch of barrels and just

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Speaker 1: street you know, uh, tomato carts in the way and stuff.

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Speaker 1: It is asteroids and of course this is extremely dangerous.

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Speaker 1: Their space rocks crashing all around and uh, the Falcon

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Speaker 1: eventually manages to evade its imperial pursuers and it hides

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Speaker 1: in a cave on a large asteroid. Yeah, this is

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Speaker 1: this is a great sequence in a just a great

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Speaker 1: Star Wars film. It's one of those like out of

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Speaker 1: the frying pan into the fire moments where actually it's

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Speaker 1: like into a third frying pan or front because everyone's

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Speaker 1: gotten out of hot. You've had that tremendous battle sequence

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Speaker 1: with all of its ins and outs. Then you have

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Speaker 1: the asteroid field, and then what happens next is, uh,

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Speaker 1: it comes from an entirely different direction. Well, that's one

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Speaker 1: of the great things about the story structure of the

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Speaker 1: Empire Strikes Back is that you know you're cutting between

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Speaker 1: the different characters and the things they're doing. But when

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Speaker 1: you're with han Leia Chewi and c three p O,

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Speaker 1: it's just one frying pan to another. Every time they

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Speaker 1: get to a new place, they think that they're finally

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Speaker 1: safe now, but then they realize that the floor is

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Speaker 1: teflon and things start heating up and it's just on

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Speaker 1: to the next crisis. But in this cave we get

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Speaker 1: some creature encounters. So first the Millennium falcon is swarmed

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Speaker 1: by a flock of nasty winged creatures with ring shaped

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Speaker 1: sucker mouths and there they look sort of like sulfurous

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Speaker 1: leech bats. These are called minox Han and Chewy seem

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Speaker 1: to be familiar with them like that they once they

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Speaker 1: see them, Hans says, uh, my Knox, yeah, yeah, like

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Speaker 1: he talks about them like they're very common nuisance animals

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Speaker 1: for space travelers. He says that they're chewing on the

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Speaker 1: power cables, like yeah, that's what they always do. And

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Speaker 1: so our heroes they leave the ship, they go outside,

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Speaker 1: go down the ramp and start walking around outside with

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Speaker 1: these little oxygen masks on while they're trying to blast

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Speaker 1: the My Knox off. But then they encounter and it's

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Speaker 1: another realizing you're actually in another frying pan moment when

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Speaker 1: it is revealed that the cave that they're hiding in

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Speaker 1: is no cave at all. It is a giant carnivorous

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Speaker 1: worm of some kind and they have essentially parked down

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Speaker 1: its gullet, and of course there's a great escape sequence

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Speaker 1: where they have to rock it out between its closing

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Speaker 1: jaws just in time. Is the teeth are coming together? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and it's a fabulous looking creature to this big alien

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Speaker 1: whlish worm monster. Yeah, one of the best, This giant

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Speaker 1: worm creature on the asteroid. It is not named in

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Speaker 1: the movie. I mean they say what the minox are.

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Speaker 1: It's like it's like it's almost as if in Star

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Speaker 1: Wars that's like saying, oh rats, we've got rats here,

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Speaker 1: we've got my knox, but they never say what this

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Speaker 1: thing is. I looked it up and some plenty of

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Speaker 1: the Elder of the Galaxy has given its species of designation.

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Speaker 1: It is called an exo gorth or alternately a space slug.

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Speaker 1: And Robot got some pictures attached here for you to

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Speaker 1: look at. Of course, we've seen the movie, so we

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Speaker 1: know what it looks like. It's is this giant Uh

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Speaker 1: have have to be honest and say, somewhat phallic looking

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Speaker 1: worm comes up out of the hole. It's got the

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Speaker 1: big jaws clamping after the ship, so it seems to

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Speaker 1: be actively wanting to eat the space ship. Uh. And

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Speaker 1: then I found another image that I think is from

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Speaker 1: one of the Marvel Star Wars comics, and it's a

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Speaker 1: panel I I really don't know the context of how

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Speaker 1: this happens, but there's a panel in a comic somewhere

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Speaker 1: where a star destroyer flies into a giant Exo Gorth's mouth.

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Speaker 1: That doesn't look like it's going to end well for

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Speaker 1: for anybody involved there, but something that the the the

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Speaker 1: the ex it looks like that's that's too big of

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Speaker 1: a mouthful. Yeah. Now, there's something very interesting about both

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Speaker 1: of these alien species, the Minox and the Exo gorths uh.

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Speaker 1: And it's something that I've actually thought about for a

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Speaker 1: long time. I remember having this thought, maybe not when

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Speaker 1: I very first saw Star Wars when I was a kid,

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Speaker 1: but at some point it occurred to me that these

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Speaker 1: are the only aliens I can think of in the

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Speaker 1: Star Wars movies that are not found on a planet,

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Speaker 1: but in outer space itself, on the barren terrain of

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Speaker 1: an asteroid with no atmosphere, living in the vacuum. These

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Speaker 1: are vacuum dwellers. Yeah, And I think it was that

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Speaker 1: way for a long time. Eventually, they also introduced a

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Speaker 1: creature called a purgle that came around. I think it

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Speaker 1: was introduced in Star Wars Rebels, one of the animated series,

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Speaker 1: and I have a feeling it's going to show up

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Speaker 1: in some live action stuff in the near future. But

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Speaker 1: they're like a deep space whale like organism with its

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Speaker 1: kind of a squid, like a combination between a space

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Speaker 1: squid and a space whale. And they're capable of entering

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Speaker 1: hyperspace even but they're kind of they have a lot

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Speaker 1: in common with the design of the Exo Gorth. They're

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Speaker 1: kind of like the noble Exo Gorth. The picture you

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Speaker 1: attached looks mad, he's got like the downturned eyebrow. He

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Speaker 1: looks like he's he's looking for a fight. Well, they

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Speaker 1: they explore this kind of like whale like nature where

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Speaker 1: if you're if you're not treating them right, if you're

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Speaker 1: abusing them, then yeah, they can be quite dangerous, but

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Speaker 1: if you try to understand them, then you realize that

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Speaker 1: they have this very passive and beautiful nature. Oh, I

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Speaker 1: can see that. So it's like the you know, somebody

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Speaker 1: says about the dog, like, oh, he doesn't like strangers,

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Speaker 1: but when you warm up to him, you know he's a,

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Speaker 1: he's a real cuddlebug. Yeah. So anyway, for this entry

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Speaker 1: of our Aliens Star Wars Alien neck Ropsy, I wanted

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Speaker 1: to to think about the idea of vacuum dwellers as

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Speaker 1: a as a proposal as a concept. Uh. Now, Star Wars,

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Speaker 1: obviously it is not hard science fiction. You know, it's

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Speaker 1: not trying to create a scientifically grounded experience. It's a fantasy.

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Speaker 1: And that's fine. I mean, you've got no problem at

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Speaker 1: all with with soft science fiction and space fantasy. I

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Speaker 1: love that stuff. Uh. And there are plenty of elements

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Speaker 1: in this sequence that are really nothing like what we'd

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Speaker 1: expect to find in reality. So I wanted to mention

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Speaker 1: a couple of other examples of that before we get

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Speaker 1: back to the idea of a vacuum dwelling organism and

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Speaker 1: consider the plausibility of that. One example of how this

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Speaker 1: doesn't really resemble reality in any recognizable way is the

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Speaker 1: idea of how dense the asteroid belt in the Empire

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Speaker 1: strikes back is how it's just crammed with rocks that

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Speaker 1: are moving really close to each other and slamming together

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Speaker 1: all the time, And how this compares to the one

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Speaker 1: example of a real asteroid belt that we know about.

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Speaker 1: And this is a standard feature of sci fi movies.

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Speaker 1: It's not just Empire strikes back. I mean I think

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Speaker 1: a lot of times there are space battles in an

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Speaker 1: asteroid belt that is just a mine field, this densely

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Speaker 1: packed obstacle course of of giant boulders that are going

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Speaker 1: to smash into your ship and kill you. And the

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Speaker 1: ships have to frantically dodge around through the slamming rocks

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Speaker 1: while they dog fight. Yeah, it's a great sequence, but

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Speaker 1: it is just um maddening just how how tired everything is,

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Speaker 1: and and it just seems like a complete nightmare that

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Speaker 1: anyone would I mean, it seems like it should be

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Speaker 1: a Butcher Cassidy and the Sundance Kid kind of moment, right,

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Speaker 1: Like why would the Thaie fighters even chase them in there?

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Speaker 1: Like how? Because how could you expect to survive unless

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Speaker 1: you were like a fourth sensitive pilot of some sort,

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Speaker 1: you know, or like the greatest pilot of all time,

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Speaker 1: like like a Han Solo. Yeah, they'd be crazy to

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Speaker 1: follow us, wouldn't they. And I know when I was

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Speaker 1: a kid, I pictured the asteroid belt of our Solar

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Speaker 1: system being like this, probably because of especially Empire, but

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Speaker 1: more generally movies like this that it's just you know,

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Speaker 1: it's just tight with rocks. But now we know that

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Speaker 1: is not the case. I was trying to find what

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Speaker 1: is the actual density of the asteroid belt in terms

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Speaker 1: of asteroids of an appreciable size. I found an explainer

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Speaker 1: about this from Scientific American that's older. It's from nine

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Speaker 1: so our our our knowledge might be a little bit

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Speaker 1: updated since then. But this, I feel like gives you

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Speaker 1: a good idea to asks several experts about this, this

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Speaker 1: question of the density of the asteroid belt. First of all,

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Speaker 1: there was an interesting story in it that's relayed by

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Speaker 1: Tom Garrels of the University of Arizona, who said that quote,

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Speaker 1: some scientists were seriously concerned about the possible high density

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Speaker 1: of objects in the asteroid belt, which lies between the

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Speaker 1: orbits of Mars and Jupiter, when the first robotic spacecraft

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Speaker 1: were scheduled to be sent through it. The first crossing

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Speaker 1: of the asteroid belt took place in the early nineteen

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Speaker 1: seventies when the Pioneer ten and Pioneer eleven spacecraft journey

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Speaker 1: to Jupiter and beyond. The danger lies not in the

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Speaker 1: risk of hitting a large object. In fact, such a

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Speaker 1: risk as minuscule because there is a tremendou this amount

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Speaker 1: of space between Mars and Jupiter, and because the objects

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Speaker 1: there are very small in relation. Even though there are

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Speaker 1: perhaps a million asteroids larger than one kilometer in diameter,

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Speaker 1: the chance of a spacecraft and not getting through the

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Speaker 1: asteroid belt is nearly negligible. And then there was an

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Speaker 1: updated thought that came in after that from David Morrison

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Speaker 1: of NASA AMES who said, quote, there were more than

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Speaker 1: a hundred thousand asteroids larger than one kilometer in diameter,

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Speaker 1: but these objects are distributed within the huge volume of

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Speaker 1: the asteroid belt. Their average spacing is several million kilometers.

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Speaker 1: Collisions are thus extremely rare. An average one kilometer asteroid

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Speaker 1: suffers one collision every few billion years, or maybe one

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Speaker 1: or two collisions over the lifetime of the Solar System.

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Speaker 1: The spacing is also so large that seen from one asteroid,

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Speaker 1: even the nearest one kilometer asteroid would likely be too

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Speaker 1: faint to be visible without a telescope. Uh So, yeah,

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Speaker 1: extreme distances between these objects, not because there aren't a

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Speaker 1: lot of objects. There are, but the you know, space

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Speaker 1: is gigantic, so the space between them is also gigantic.

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Speaker 1: If you were to fly into an asteroid belt, it's

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Speaker 1: actually unlikely you would even notice it. You probably wouldn't

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Speaker 1: see any asteroids while you were flying through it. Though,

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Speaker 1: I did think about something that could make another interesting.

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Speaker 1: I'm sure some movie has done this, but it could

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Speaker 1: make a different kind of threat of traveling through an

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Speaker 1: asteroid belt interesting. I think the more likely risk while

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Speaker 1: flying through an asteroid belt is not that you would

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Speaker 1: be smashed between giant space rocks while you're trying to

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Speaker 1: dodge through them, but the chance that you would hit

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Speaker 1: an invisibly tiny micro asteroid at high speed, and it

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Speaker 1: would be like a bomb because of the kinetic energy

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Speaker 1: of the impact because it's going so fast and you're

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Speaker 1: going so fast. Though I guess, of course, it would

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Speaker 1: depend on how fast you were going and what angle

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Speaker 1: you hit it at relative to its own trajectory. I mean,

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Speaker 1: a head on collision with a with a tiny asteroid

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Speaker 1: could be catast traffic. Yeah, but there's another thing in

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Speaker 1: the sequence that doesn't make sense if you try to

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Speaker 1: bring hard sci fi rules to it, which is the

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Speaker 1: part where they're in the cave and the minox show

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Speaker 1: up in that great moment where I think Leiah is

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Speaker 1: looking out the window and then suddenly the big sucker

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Speaker 1: comes down and got which I was talking to Rachel

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Speaker 1: about this earlier this morning, and she says, when she

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Speaker 1: saw that part in the theater when the Star Wars

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Speaker 1: remasters or remake, not remakes, the whatever you call him.

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Speaker 1: The remasters came out in the nineties or the earlier.

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Speaker 1: I guess it was the nineties. Yeah, that she just

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Speaker 1: like screamed in the theater, just like Bloody Murder screamed. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's startling and gross totally. It's like, it still gets

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Speaker 1: me when I watched the movie. It's very suddenly that

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Speaker 1: noise it makes. It's like when the head pops out

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Speaker 1: of the boat and Jaws, you know, when when Richard

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Speaker 1: Dreyfuss is like down in the water looking at it.

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Speaker 1: It gets you every time. But anyway, so there's yeah,

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Speaker 1: the minox come out, and so Han and she we

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Speaker 1: and lay a walk outside of the Millennium Falcon in

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Speaker 1: their regular clothes wearing little oxygen masks. So this is

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Speaker 1: another one of those space fantasy things, because this would

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Speaker 1: not work on a real asteroid. The vacuum would kill you.

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Speaker 1: Pretty quickly, even if you had a little oxygen mask.

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Speaker 1: So I found a good explainer on this. This was

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Speaker 1: also a Scientific American article. This was written by Anna

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Speaker 1: Goslin in two thousand eight. And of course, one thing

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Speaker 1: we should be clear about is that a vacuum, in

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Speaker 1: as the term is generally used, is defined as a

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Speaker 1: region of space with extremely low gas pressure. Uh. It's

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Speaker 1: sort of a conventional definition because even in outer space,

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Speaker 1: there's not nothing in space. You're still going to have

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Speaker 1: a few random hydrogen atoms floating around and stuff, but

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Speaker 1: it's pressure so low that it's negligible. So once you

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Speaker 1: walk out of the Millennium Falcon, once you are exposed

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Speaker 1: to the low pressure environment of a vacuum of space,

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Speaker 1: several things are going to happen pretty quickly. One is

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Speaker 1: that because of the lower pressure, gases tend to expand,

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Speaker 1: and this includes the gases that are trapped in your body,

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Speaker 1: trapped in your lungs. So if you're holding your breath

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Speaker 1: or inhaling, this expanding gas is going to cause trauma

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Speaker 1: in the lungs, tearing up gas exchange tissues. Also, the

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Speaker 1: low pressure will cause water to boil at a lower

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Speaker 1: temperature and in the case of a vacuum, this means

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Speaker 1: water boils at a temperature lower than your body temperature,

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Speaker 1: which translates to swelling in the body, rapid evaporation of

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Speaker 1: water vapor from the easiest escape roots in your body,

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Speaker 1: and primarily this will be things like the holes in

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Speaker 1: your face, like your mouth, nose, and eyes, and this

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Speaker 1: rapid boiling off of water will of course cause very

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Speaker 1: low temperatures around these holes in your face. I think

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Speaker 1: about the way that you know, the rapid evaporation of

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Speaker 1: water cools your body through sweat, except take that to

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Speaker 1: the extreme, like literally your tongue might freeze. And if

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Speaker 1: records of what has happened to animals that are exposed

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Speaker 1: to a vacuum or any indication, you also might simultaneously defecate, urinate,

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Speaker 1: and projectile vomit. Wow, So even event horizon scaled back

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Speaker 1: a little bit on what this would be like. Yes. Now,

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Speaker 1: on the other hand, sometimes movies make it look like

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Speaker 1: if you were exposed to a vacuum, you would explode,

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Speaker 1: and that doesn't seem to be true. It actually does

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Speaker 1: seem like you could survive being in a vacuum for

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Speaker 1: maybe a few minutes, I mean, it would depend on

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Speaker 1: a number of factors, but you could Most people could

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Speaker 1: probably survive being exposed to a vacuum for some amount

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Speaker 1: of times, like a few minutes, less than five minutes maybe,

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Speaker 1: but it would require somebody else who is not exposed

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Speaker 1: to a vacuum helping you. Because we have seen this

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Speaker 1: in in sci fi. I think that's basically what happens

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Speaker 1: in a event horizon. And I think the and yeah,

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Speaker 1: the Expense has has has explored this as well. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because like one of the reasons you would need somebody

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Speaker 1: to help you is that you would you would very

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Speaker 1: rapidly lose consciousness. The low pressure would also cause bubbles

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Speaker 1: to form in your blood vessels, which would interfere with

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Speaker 1: oxygen circulation. And I think the estimate is that this

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Speaker 1: leads to rapid unconsciousness, probably in something like ten to

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Speaker 1: fifteen seconds after you're exposed to the vacuum, and then

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Speaker 1: so you lose consciousness, you probably collapse and it would

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Speaker 1: go on to kill you within a few minutes if

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Speaker 1: you're not repressurized. This article by Anna Gosline shares a

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Speaker 1: story of a human who actually survived vacuum exposure. So

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Speaker 1: I just want to read this part quote. In nineteen

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Speaker 1: sixty five, a technician inside a vacuum chamber at Johnson

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Speaker 1: Space Center in Houston accidentally depressurized his space suit by

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Speaker 1: disrupting a hose. After twelve to fifteen seconds, he lost consciousness.

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Speaker 1: He regained it at twenty seven seconds after his suit

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Speaker 1: was re pressurized to about half that of sea level.

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Speaker 1: The man reported that his last memory before blacking out

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Speaker 1: was of the moisture on his tongue beginning to boil,

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Speaker 1: as well as a loss of taste sensation that lingered

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Speaker 1: for four days following the incident. So all that to say,

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Speaker 1: Han Chewy and Leiah, these are experienced space travelers. They

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Speaker 1: would know better than to try to walk out into

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Speaker 1: the vacuum of space without a pressure suit. Now, I

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Speaker 1: want to be fair. I have seen some righteous nerds

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Speaker 1: on the Internet arguing that, well, maybe because we we

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Speaker 1: now we know from what happens later in the movie,

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Speaker 1: that actually they were not in a cave on an asteroid.

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Speaker 1: They were in the exo Gorth's gullet. And maybe the

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Speaker 1: exo Gorth's gullet creates its own pressurized atmosphere. And okay,

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Speaker 1: let's say I grant that. Uh. Maybe, but I thought

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Speaker 1: the whole point was that they thought they were in

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Speaker 1: a cave on an asteroid, not in the belly of

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Speaker 1: a giant worm. So it doesn't seem like they would

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Speaker 1: go outside without a pressure suit. Yeah. I mean, I

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Speaker 1: guess if maybe they're like the ship's readings were like, hey,

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Speaker 1: you don't actually need a suit to go outside in

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Speaker 1: this this weird cave, and they're like, Okay, that's fine. Cool.

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Speaker 1: They really wasn't thinking about it that hard, Like they

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Speaker 1: weren't asking, well, why would that be? Why would a

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Speaker 1: cave that it's supposedly open to the to the void

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Speaker 1: have these unique conditions? Um? But I guess if I

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Speaker 1: was gonna play Devil's advocate and try and like sort

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Speaker 1: of stitch everything together, I could and then maybe, yes,

417
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Speaker 1: maybe this giant space slug. Uh. It's it's gastric environment

418
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Speaker 1: closely mimics a terrestrial world and just you know, the

419
00:22:31,200 --> 00:22:34,719
Speaker 1: atmosphere is a little off. Um, I don't know, maybe

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Speaker 1: or maybe that's maybe that's so one of the ways

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Speaker 1: that it gets its its food right, it just waits

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Speaker 1: for spaceships to land inside its belly. And uh. And

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Speaker 1: since spaceships are hard to digest. It needs to have

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Speaker 1: an inviting environment that lures the precious meat beings out

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Speaker 1: of the spaceship, right, Yeah, it gets gets gets them

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00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:55,800
Speaker 1: out there. I mean, it does have fog rolling around,

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Speaker 1: so it almost looks like you're out on the moor

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Speaker 1: once you leave spaceship. I wonder also how fog rolling

429
00:23:02,560 --> 00:23:05,160
Speaker 1: around would work in a vacuum. It doesn't seem very

430
00:23:05,280 --> 00:23:07,840
Speaker 1: vacuum like. It's almost as if they weren't really thinking

431
00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:10,240
Speaker 1: of it and in pure physical terms as a vacuum,

432
00:23:10,240 --> 00:23:12,159
Speaker 1: which would make a lot of sense. Again, because this

433
00:23:12,240 --> 00:23:15,040
Speaker 1: is space fantasy, I just wanted to say also, I

434
00:23:15,600 --> 00:23:18,879
Speaker 1: I found a picture on the Internet of the model

435
00:23:19,359 --> 00:23:22,480
Speaker 1: of the the giant exit Worth's teeth while it was

436
00:23:22,520 --> 00:23:25,520
Speaker 1: being created along with the I l M model maker

437
00:23:25,640 --> 00:23:28,840
Speaker 1: Lauren Peterson inside the mouth looking at it, and he

438
00:23:28,960 --> 00:23:33,679
Speaker 1: just looks just exploding with joy while chasing at the

439
00:23:33,720 --> 00:23:36,879
Speaker 1: teeth he has created. He kind of he also in

440
00:23:36,920 --> 00:23:39,399
Speaker 1: this picture he's got long hair and a big beard.

441
00:23:39,440 --> 00:23:43,320
Speaker 1: He almost looks like a human ewalk. Yeah. I love

442
00:23:43,359 --> 00:23:46,040
Speaker 1: looking at these old photos of these like these these

443
00:23:46,080 --> 00:23:49,680
Speaker 1: seventies guys working on these models for this, uh, for

444
00:23:49,680 --> 00:23:52,200
Speaker 1: for these films. It's pretty great. But yeah, it's pure

445
00:23:52,280 --> 00:24:00,800
Speaker 1: joy on this NaN's face. Than I wanted to come

446
00:24:00,840 --> 00:24:03,440
Speaker 1: back to the question that I brought up earlier about

447
00:24:03,760 --> 00:24:08,640
Speaker 1: the vacuum dwellers. When we imagine finding alien life forms,

448
00:24:08,680 --> 00:24:11,280
Speaker 1: not in space fantasy, but in reality. Of course, we

449
00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:14,880
Speaker 1: always imagine finding them on a planet, a planet with

450
00:24:14,960 --> 00:24:19,560
Speaker 1: an atmosphere. But I was wondering, is it biochemically and

451
00:24:19,680 --> 00:24:24,360
Speaker 1: evolutionarily conceivable that there could be such thing as an

452
00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:28,119
Speaker 1: alien dwelling directly within the void, within the you know,

453
00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:32,640
Speaker 1: the howling emptiness of space. Could there be creatures of

454
00:24:32,680 --> 00:24:35,879
Speaker 1: the vacuum? And so I was looking around trying to

455
00:24:35,920 --> 00:24:38,199
Speaker 1: find some good sources on this. I didn't come across

456
00:24:38,200 --> 00:24:41,800
Speaker 1: any like direct scientific papers, though, if any listeners know

457
00:24:41,840 --> 00:24:43,360
Speaker 1: of any that I couldn't find and want to send

458
00:24:43,400 --> 00:24:46,000
Speaker 1: in my way, please do. The best thing I came

459
00:24:46,040 --> 00:24:51,240
Speaker 1: across was actually an interesting BBC article from sixteen by

460
00:24:51,320 --> 00:24:54,120
Speaker 1: the science writer Philip Ball, one of my my favorite

461
00:24:54,160 --> 00:24:56,959
Speaker 1: science writers, who wrote probably the best book I've ever

462
00:24:57,000 --> 00:24:59,720
Speaker 1: read on quantum physics, which is called Beyond Weird. I

463
00:24:59,760 --> 00:25:03,240
Speaker 1: wreck commended it, uh. I think A couple of years ago,

464
00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:07,240
Speaker 1: during a summer reading episode. But in this article, Ball

465
00:25:07,359 --> 00:25:09,720
Speaker 1: starts off by pointing to a study published in the

466
00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:14,119
Speaker 1: journal Science by Cornelia Minair at All. Mine Air is

467
00:25:14,160 --> 00:25:17,720
Speaker 1: a professor at the University of Nice in France, and

468
00:25:18,080 --> 00:25:21,359
Speaker 1: it's a study called ribos and related sugars from ultra

469
00:25:21,480 --> 00:25:26,080
Speaker 1: violet Irradiation of Interstellar ice analogs. And so to read

470
00:25:26,119 --> 00:25:29,959
Speaker 1: from the summary from from the journal Science on this quote,

471
00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:35,200
Speaker 1: Astrobiologists have long speculated on the origin of prebiotic molecules

472
00:25:35,240 --> 00:25:38,480
Speaker 1: such as amino acids and sugars. Mine art at All

473
00:25:38,520 --> 00:25:42,680
Speaker 1: demonstrated that numerous prebiotic molecules can be formed in an

474
00:25:42,720 --> 00:25:48,560
Speaker 1: interstellar analog sample containing a mixture of simple ices of water, methanol,

475
00:25:48,680 --> 00:25:52,720
Speaker 1: and ammonia. They irradiated the sample with ultra violet light

476
00:25:52,800 --> 00:25:56,119
Speaker 1: under conditions similar to those expected during the formation of

477
00:25:56,160 --> 00:25:59,879
Speaker 1: the Solar system. This yielded a wide variety of sugars,

478
00:26:00,119 --> 00:26:05,760
Speaker 1: including ribos, a major constituent of ribonucleic acid or RNA.

479
00:26:05,960 --> 00:26:08,000
Speaker 1: And of course, as we've discussed on the show before,

480
00:26:08,200 --> 00:26:11,880
Speaker 1: RNA is one of the important, uh you know, long

481
00:26:12,000 --> 00:26:16,240
Speaker 1: organic molecules that is considered a possible precursor of the

482
00:26:16,280 --> 00:26:18,760
Speaker 1: original formation of life on Earth the first cell, and

483
00:26:18,800 --> 00:26:21,800
Speaker 1: of course RNA is used is used in life forms today,

484
00:26:21,840 --> 00:26:24,439
Speaker 1: it's in the cells in your body. And this is

485
00:26:24,480 --> 00:26:27,080
Speaker 1: not the only study of this kind showing that some

486
00:26:27,200 --> 00:26:31,280
Speaker 1: molecules important to the formation of a biological sphere, such

487
00:26:31,359 --> 00:26:35,360
Speaker 1: as sugars and amino acids, can be formed in space,

488
00:26:35,560 --> 00:26:39,040
Speaker 1: maybe even just on little tiny grains of ice floating

489
00:26:39,080 --> 00:26:41,920
Speaker 1: around in space by themselves, not on a planet at all,

490
00:26:42,240 --> 00:26:44,600
Speaker 1: that they can be formed in these types of scenarios

491
00:26:44,640 --> 00:26:50,480
Speaker 1: by radiation acting on precursor compounds. So another example would

492
00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:54,120
Speaker 1: be that um researchers for decades have have found evidence

493
00:26:54,160 --> 00:26:58,200
Speaker 1: of amino acids in meteorites that apparently these amino acids

494
00:26:58,240 --> 00:27:01,800
Speaker 1: were formed in deep space, and the Rosetta mission which

495
00:27:01,840 --> 00:27:06,399
Speaker 1: intercepted a comet was a comet six in space. In

496
00:27:07,800 --> 00:27:12,520
Speaker 1: the Rosetta orbiter detected the presence of the amino acid glycine,

497
00:27:12,560 --> 00:27:17,360
Speaker 1: along with methylamine and ethylamine from a spectrometry reading of

498
00:27:17,400 --> 00:27:22,480
Speaker 1: the of the comet. So it's possible that important molecules

499
00:27:22,280 --> 00:27:25,520
Speaker 1: and molecules that are necessary for the early stages of

500
00:27:25,640 --> 00:27:29,760
Speaker 1: chemical evolution before the formation of the first cell were

501
00:27:29,800 --> 00:27:34,120
Speaker 1: not formed on Earth, but in space and then somehow

502
00:27:34,160 --> 00:27:37,440
Speaker 1: delivered to Earth, maybe on the backs of icy comets

503
00:27:37,480 --> 00:27:40,240
Speaker 1: that smashed into the Earth's surface when the planet was young.

504
00:27:40,760 --> 00:27:43,200
Speaker 1: And of course this is all hypothetical. We still don't

505
00:27:43,240 --> 00:27:45,600
Speaker 1: know for sure how the first life on Earth came

506
00:27:45,640 --> 00:27:48,679
Speaker 1: to be. We actually talked about one very interesting model

507
00:27:48,680 --> 00:27:50,440
Speaker 1: of this on a recent episode, the one we did

508
00:27:50,480 --> 00:27:54,159
Speaker 1: about the Nile Inundation, where we discussed the idea that

509
00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:57,520
Speaker 1: the first cells might have been created by the presence

510
00:27:57,520 --> 00:28:01,320
Speaker 1: of pre biotic molecules like lipids and nucleic acids in

511
00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:04,400
Speaker 1: areas on the surface of the Earth that are repeatedly

512
00:28:04,560 --> 00:28:07,480
Speaker 1: subjected to wet dry cycles. And if you want the

513
00:28:07,480 --> 00:28:10,159
Speaker 1: details on on the reasoning behind that, you can go

514
00:28:10,160 --> 00:28:11,960
Speaker 1: back and listen to that episode. What was it called,

515
00:28:12,119 --> 00:28:14,200
Speaker 1: I believe the title we went with was the Nile

516
00:28:14,280 --> 00:28:17,040
Speaker 1: Inundation God's Water in Life, because there's a little bit

517
00:28:17,040 --> 00:28:20,080
Speaker 1: of mythology in there, but also just a lot about

518
00:28:20,160 --> 00:28:23,159
Speaker 1: the the the annual flooding of the Nile and how

519
00:28:23,200 --> 00:28:26,360
Speaker 1: it factors into the environment and the history of the region. Right,

520
00:28:26,520 --> 00:28:29,400
Speaker 1: So we don't know how for sure how it happened,

521
00:28:29,480 --> 00:28:33,240
Speaker 1: but the process of chemical evolution leading from those organic

522
00:28:33,280 --> 00:28:36,919
Speaker 1: molecules to the formation of the first cell, meaning a

523
00:28:36,960 --> 00:28:41,680
Speaker 1: cell capable of replication and metabolism. That's generally assumed to

524
00:28:41,760 --> 00:28:44,840
Speaker 1: have happened somewhere on Earth or in a or on

525
00:28:44,880 --> 00:28:47,840
Speaker 1: another planet like Mars maybe, and then seated to Earth

526
00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:50,880
Speaker 1: through some kind of collision and travel of rocks through space,

527
00:28:51,400 --> 00:28:54,600
Speaker 1: and that could be in hydrothermal vents or in puddles

528
00:28:54,680 --> 00:28:56,520
Speaker 1: or what have you. But it's usually assumed to have

529
00:28:56,600 --> 00:29:00,320
Speaker 1: happened on Earth. But Philip Ball rights quote, there is

530
00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:04,520
Speaker 1: a more intriguing possibility. Life itself might not have needed

531
00:29:04,560 --> 00:29:07,880
Speaker 1: a warm and comfortable planet bathed in sunlight to get going.

532
00:29:08,360 --> 00:29:13,080
Speaker 1: If the raw ingredients were already out there in interplanetary limbo.

533
00:29:13,320 --> 00:29:18,480
Speaker 1: Might life have started there too? Interesting question? And of

534
00:29:18,520 --> 00:29:21,120
Speaker 1: course there's another question, which is a follow up. If

535
00:29:21,160 --> 00:29:24,320
Speaker 1: it were possible for life to form in space rather

536
00:29:24,360 --> 00:29:27,240
Speaker 1: than on a planet, would it also be possible to

537
00:29:27,960 --> 00:29:31,200
Speaker 1: for that life to evolve into complex forms out there

538
00:29:31,200 --> 00:29:34,680
Speaker 1: in space? Um. Now, there are some reasons that this

539
00:29:34,800 --> 00:29:38,280
Speaker 1: does seem unlikely on its face, So a bunch of

540
00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:41,560
Speaker 1: Philip Ball's article ends up focusing on ways that alien

541
00:29:41,640 --> 00:29:44,120
Speaker 1: life forms could have the benefits of a home planet

542
00:29:44,440 --> 00:29:48,280
Speaker 1: while existing in interstellar space, and the primary idea he

543
00:29:48,320 --> 00:29:52,880
Speaker 1: explores here is life on rogue planets, meaning planets that

544
00:29:52,920 --> 00:29:56,040
Speaker 1: are ejected from their solar systems and float through the

545
00:29:56,120 --> 00:29:59,960
Speaker 1: interstellar void alone or maybe with some moons in tone

546
00:30:00,280 --> 00:30:03,600
Speaker 1: uh and you you might think that without a home star,

547
00:30:04,360 --> 00:30:08,080
Speaker 1: these worlds would be guaranteed to be barren, But internal

548
00:30:08,160 --> 00:30:12,160
Speaker 1: heating from residual formation heat and radioactive elements in the core,

549
00:30:12,600 --> 00:30:15,840
Speaker 1: and possible title interactions with the moons that are along

550
00:30:15,920 --> 00:30:19,120
Speaker 1: for the ride, this could possibly be enough to sustain

551
00:30:19,160 --> 00:30:22,760
Speaker 1: a biosphere, perhaps in an iced over ocean. But this

552
00:30:22,840 --> 00:30:25,240
Speaker 1: isn't really what we're talking about, right We're we're looking

553
00:30:25,280 --> 00:30:28,040
Speaker 1: for something that could live in space itself, or on

554
00:30:28,080 --> 00:30:31,760
Speaker 1: the surface of an asteroid exposed to the vacuum where

555
00:30:31,800 --> 00:30:35,160
Speaker 1: there's no atmosphere, no ocean, just the raw hell of

556
00:30:35,240 --> 00:30:38,320
Speaker 1: the infinite. Now and exploring this part of the article,

557
00:30:38,320 --> 00:30:40,680
Speaker 1: Ball notes something that I had read about before, but

558
00:30:40,880 --> 00:30:43,680
Speaker 1: I had forgotten about until I was reading this, which

559
00:30:43,720 --> 00:30:47,520
Speaker 1: is that um the astronomer Fred Hoyle, who did a

560
00:30:47,520 --> 00:30:50,360
Speaker 1: lot of important work in in twentieth century astronomy, but

561
00:30:50,480 --> 00:30:54,360
Speaker 1: now is probably best remembered in the popular consciousness for

562
00:30:54,560 --> 00:30:58,720
Speaker 1: coining the term Big Bang, which he meant as an insult,

563
00:30:58,840 --> 00:31:01,960
Speaker 1: like a ridicule of the theory, because he was a

564
00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:04,320
Speaker 1: supporter of the steady state theory of the universe, which

565
00:31:04,400 --> 00:31:07,120
Speaker 1: is now known to be wrong, like the the We

566
00:31:07,160 --> 00:31:10,120
Speaker 1: know that the universe is thirteen point eight billion years old,

567
00:31:10,160 --> 00:31:13,120
Speaker 1: and and we called the process of expansion leading to

568
00:31:13,160 --> 00:31:16,200
Speaker 1: the universe we know today the Big Bang. After this,

569
00:31:16,560 --> 00:31:20,760
Speaker 1: after this negative appellation from Hoyle, But anyway, Hoyle actually

570
00:31:20,800 --> 00:31:24,400
Speaker 1: wrote a science fiction novel that was published in nineteen

571
00:31:24,480 --> 00:31:29,360
Speaker 1: fifty nine called The Black Cloud, and supposedly it's quite good,

572
00:31:29,440 --> 00:31:31,959
Speaker 1: though I've never read it. But the premise is that

573
00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:36,320
Speaker 1: there is a giant cloud of intelligent gas that floats

574
00:31:36,320 --> 00:31:40,080
Speaker 1: around through outer space, and when it encounters Earth, it

575
00:31:40,200 --> 00:31:42,480
Speaker 1: sort of doesn't know what to make of life that

576
00:31:42,560 --> 00:31:45,440
Speaker 1: inhabits a planet, and it becomes a threat to us.

577
00:31:45,920 --> 00:31:48,680
Speaker 1: But Hoyle did not have a plausible theory for how

578
00:31:48,920 --> 00:31:52,120
Speaker 1: a such a sentient space gas would would come to evolve.

579
00:31:52,280 --> 00:31:54,720
Speaker 1: I think it's just a mystery in the book. But

580
00:31:54,840 --> 00:31:57,920
Speaker 1: Ball looks at this question of what the chemical basis

581
00:31:57,960 --> 00:32:01,800
Speaker 1: of space based life could be and concludes that despite

582
00:32:01,800 --> 00:32:05,200
Speaker 1: the difficulties of the environment, it seems like carbon molecules

583
00:32:05,240 --> 00:32:08,600
Speaker 1: are still probably the best bet for creating biology. The

584
00:32:08,640 --> 00:32:12,160
Speaker 1: most common alternative put forward to carbon based biology is

585
00:32:12,240 --> 00:32:15,440
Speaker 1: silicon and I will know that when I looked up

586
00:32:15,520 --> 00:32:19,720
Speaker 1: the the exo gorth on Wikipedia. Wikipedia tells me that

587
00:32:19,840 --> 00:32:24,000
Speaker 1: the exo go is a silicon based life form. And also,

588
00:32:24,040 --> 00:32:26,680
Speaker 1: I think that in addition to eating humans and spaceships

589
00:32:26,680 --> 00:32:29,760
Speaker 1: and stuff, it eats rocks, you know, eats the minerals

590
00:32:29,800 --> 00:32:32,160
Speaker 1: of asteroids. So I think it's the case it's supposed

591
00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:35,240
Speaker 1: to have like a mineral and energy diet that perhaps

592
00:32:35,280 --> 00:32:38,000
Speaker 1: occasionally supplements. But you know, another thing I was thinking

593
00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:41,680
Speaker 1: about is that, Okay, two things. I guess on one level,

594
00:32:42,040 --> 00:32:44,480
Speaker 1: it could be eat biting at a spaceship just because

595
00:32:44,520 --> 00:32:46,800
Speaker 1: it's there, or out of defense, it doesn't really want

596
00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:48,240
Speaker 1: to eat it, you know, in the same way that

597
00:32:48,280 --> 00:32:50,520
Speaker 1: you'll have animals in the wild that will attempt to

598
00:32:50,560 --> 00:32:53,360
Speaker 1: take a bite out of something, you know, defensively even

599
00:32:53,400 --> 00:32:56,600
Speaker 1: if it's not part of their diet. But also the

600
00:32:56,840 --> 00:32:59,360
Speaker 1: curious mouth. Yeah so, but but here's another thing. If

601
00:32:59,400 --> 00:33:02,720
Speaker 1: the inside of the the of the creature here is

602
00:33:02,800 --> 00:33:07,120
Speaker 1: essentially an ecosystem um. Is it possible that it it

603
00:33:07,240 --> 00:33:09,800
Speaker 1: is like grabbing things in order to sort of not

604
00:33:09,920 --> 00:33:13,320
Speaker 1: feed itself, but to supply and feed the ecosystem within it,

605
00:33:13,520 --> 00:33:15,719
Speaker 1: And then it somehow gets so much sort of residual

606
00:33:16,120 --> 00:33:20,200
Speaker 1: nutrition from that ecosystem, like it kind of has. It's

607
00:33:20,200 --> 00:33:24,000
Speaker 1: almost like a hive maintaining a um like like a

608
00:33:24,040 --> 00:33:26,959
Speaker 1: domestic crop within itself, except its domestic crop is just

609
00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:30,680
Speaker 1: like this swampy world. Oh my god. So when it

610
00:33:30,800 --> 00:33:34,040
Speaker 1: eats a millennium falcon, that's like it's poop yogurt, like

611
00:33:34,080 --> 00:33:39,480
Speaker 1: the probiotics stuff it's trying to supply its interior mine

612
00:33:39,560 --> 00:33:42,719
Speaker 1: ox and like the mossy organisms that line its gullet

613
00:33:42,800 --> 00:33:45,280
Speaker 1: and produce all that fog we see with some nice

614
00:33:45,280 --> 00:33:48,360
Speaker 1: power cables to chew on and and I guess presumably

615
00:33:48,440 --> 00:33:51,080
Speaker 1: humans to feast on whenever they die. Yeah, maybe it

616
00:33:51,080 --> 00:33:53,640
Speaker 1: feeds on swamp fog. And but it needs a you know,

617
00:33:53,920 --> 00:33:56,600
Speaker 1: a ripe swamp environment there, and occasionally, yeah, it needs

618
00:33:56,600 --> 00:33:58,880
Speaker 1: some needs some new stuff to add to the to

619
00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:01,800
Speaker 1: the genetic pool. You're so good at world building. This

620
00:34:01,880 --> 00:34:04,720
Speaker 1: is this is great a future Star Wars writers, I

621
00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:08,000
Speaker 1: hope you're taking notes. But anyway, So back to Philip

622
00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:11,399
Speaker 1: Ball's article. So he he echoes the sentiments of many

623
00:34:11,480 --> 00:34:15,080
Speaker 1: experts I've read who have deep familiarity with chemistry, who

624
00:34:15,200 --> 00:34:19,480
Speaker 1: generally say that carbon is just so much better at

625
00:34:19,520 --> 00:34:23,759
Speaker 1: building complex molecules than silicon. Uh, silicon really does not

626
00:34:23,960 --> 00:34:26,800
Speaker 1: seem like a very good candidate for creating life. Again,

627
00:34:26,840 --> 00:34:30,200
Speaker 1: maybe our imagination is being limited in some way, but

628
00:34:30,200 --> 00:34:32,760
Speaker 1: but it really looks like carbon is the good stuff

629
00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:35,640
Speaker 1: if if we're fine, if we're gonna find life elsewhere

630
00:34:35,680 --> 00:34:38,759
Speaker 1: in the universe. A lot of astrobiologists seem to think

631
00:34:38,800 --> 00:34:41,080
Speaker 1: that carbon is just the way it's going to be.

632
00:34:41,680 --> 00:34:45,600
Speaker 1: For example, Ball quotes an astrobiologist named Charles Cockle of

633
00:34:45,640 --> 00:34:48,879
Speaker 1: the University of Edinburgh who thinks that, yeah, alien life

634
00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:50,920
Speaker 1: could be very different. Maybe there's a lot that is

635
00:34:50,960 --> 00:34:53,560
Speaker 1: hard for us to imagine, but that whatever it is,

636
00:34:53,680 --> 00:34:55,560
Speaker 1: it's going to be carbon based, and it's going to

637
00:34:55,680 --> 00:34:58,960
Speaker 1: require water, and that this will be a universal norm

638
00:34:59,040 --> 00:35:02,160
Speaker 1: no matter what plan it or part of space you're on. Uh.

639
00:35:02,200 --> 00:35:04,400
Speaker 1: And he does he does admit quote, I have a

640
00:35:04,440 --> 00:35:09,160
Speaker 1: quite conservative view, which science generally proves is misguided. But

641
00:35:09,280 --> 00:35:12,839
Speaker 1: he he holds the view. Nonetheless, so when looking for

642
00:35:12,920 --> 00:35:16,120
Speaker 1: carbon molecules to form the precursors to life, we already

643
00:35:16,120 --> 00:35:19,160
Speaker 1: know that a substantial number of them can be and

644
00:35:19,280 --> 00:35:22,840
Speaker 1: are readily formed in the vacuum and in deep space.

645
00:35:23,120 --> 00:35:26,600
Speaker 1: As we mentioned already, both sugars and amino acids. We

646
00:35:26,640 --> 00:35:29,120
Speaker 1: have evidence that both of these things can be formed

647
00:35:29,480 --> 00:35:32,120
Speaker 1: outside the environment of a planet, maybe on the surface

648
00:35:32,120 --> 00:35:35,000
Speaker 1: of a comet or just an ice grain floating around

649
00:35:35,000 --> 00:35:38,040
Speaker 1: in a dust cloud in space. And of course, you know,

650
00:35:38,080 --> 00:35:41,239
Speaker 1: amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. These sugars

651
00:35:41,280 --> 00:35:45,120
Speaker 1: like ribos or important ingredients in forming nucleic acids. So

652
00:35:45,680 --> 00:35:47,919
Speaker 1: uh so, like this is the stuff you would need.

653
00:35:48,520 --> 00:35:52,360
Speaker 1: And typically these things are formed through simple chemical and

654
00:35:52,360 --> 00:35:57,160
Speaker 1: photochemical processes. So Ball mentions a typical chemical reaction called

655
00:35:57,360 --> 00:36:00,840
Speaker 1: Strekker synthesis that could be responsed well for the formation

656
00:36:00,880 --> 00:36:04,040
Speaker 1: of amino acids in space, but also that these things

657
00:36:04,040 --> 00:36:07,400
Speaker 1: can be formed by exposure of precursor chemicals to radiation,

658
00:36:07,480 --> 00:36:10,920
Speaker 1: typically ultra violet light. Now this part I thought was interesting.

659
00:36:11,080 --> 00:36:13,919
Speaker 1: Ball rights quote. It looks at first as though these

660
00:36:13,920 --> 00:36:17,719
Speaker 1: reactions should not take place in deepest space without a

661
00:36:17,760 --> 00:36:21,759
Speaker 1: source of heat or light to drive them. Molecules encountering

662
00:36:21,800 --> 00:36:25,279
Speaker 1: one another in frigid dark conditions do not have enough

663
00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:28,759
Speaker 1: energy to get a chemical reaction started. It's as if

664
00:36:28,800 --> 00:36:31,080
Speaker 1: they run into a barrier that is too high for

665
00:36:31,120 --> 00:36:34,360
Speaker 1: them to jump over. However, in the nineteen seventies, the

666
00:36:34,440 --> 00:36:39,480
Speaker 1: Soviet chemist Vitality golden Sky showed otherwise, some chemicals could

667
00:36:39,520 --> 00:36:44,200
Speaker 1: react even when chilled to just four degrees above absolute zero,

668
00:36:44,239 --> 00:36:47,239
Speaker 1: which is about as cold as space gets. They just

669
00:36:47,360 --> 00:36:50,359
Speaker 1: needed a bit of help from high energy radiation such

670
00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:54,440
Speaker 1: as gamma rays or electron beams like the cosmic rays

671
00:36:54,560 --> 00:36:57,719
Speaker 1: that whiz through all of space. And so maybe there

672
00:36:57,800 --> 00:37:00,880
Speaker 1: is some hope for for deep space stimulation of the

673
00:37:00,960 --> 00:37:04,239
Speaker 1: chemical reactions that lead to life given these types of

674
00:37:04,239 --> 00:37:08,520
Speaker 1: inputs like like gamma rays or cosmic rays. Given these

675
00:37:08,520 --> 00:37:11,880
Speaker 1: inputs which are possible in outer space, Goldanski found evidence

676
00:37:11,960 --> 00:37:16,440
Speaker 1: that some long chain molecules could form, such as formaldehyde

677
00:37:16,520 --> 00:37:20,520
Speaker 1: chains that are several hundred molecules long. But there's a

678
00:37:20,600 --> 00:37:24,440
Speaker 1: there's a catch. There's the downside. While space can form

679
00:37:24,560 --> 00:37:29,279
Speaker 1: these precursor molecules, the molecules encounter another problem, which is

680
00:37:29,440 --> 00:37:33,200
Speaker 1: continued exposure to the same radiation sources that formed them

681
00:37:33,200 --> 00:37:36,200
Speaker 1: in the first place. Ball sides uh this this guy

682
00:37:36,280 --> 00:37:39,960
Speaker 1: Charles Cockle again saying that they are just as likely

683
00:37:40,040 --> 00:37:43,520
Speaker 1: to smash molecules as they are to form them. Potential

684
00:37:43,600 --> 00:37:48,240
Speaker 1: biomolecules progenitors of proteins and RNA say, would be broken

685
00:37:48,280 --> 00:37:51,920
Speaker 1: apart faster than they were being produced. And to come

686
00:37:51,960 --> 00:37:54,160
Speaker 1: back to the Nile episode, this reminds me of what

687
00:37:54,200 --> 00:37:57,680
Speaker 1: we talked about in that episode with theories about the

688
00:37:57,680 --> 00:38:00,440
Speaker 1: formation of life on Earth and the role of water,

689
00:38:00,600 --> 00:38:04,839
Speaker 1: because again, water would play this stimulating and destructive role

690
00:38:05,040 --> 00:38:08,120
Speaker 1: in the in the early chemical evolution of life. Water

691
00:38:08,200 --> 00:38:11,680
Speaker 1: is a key ingredient in Earth based models of chemical evolution,

692
00:38:11,800 --> 00:38:16,800
Speaker 1: but it also easily destroys the delicate organic molecules it creates,

693
00:38:16,840 --> 00:38:19,680
Speaker 1: and that's one of the reasons that it's been hypothesized

694
00:38:19,719 --> 00:38:22,719
Speaker 1: that there are these wet dry cycles that Uh that

695
00:38:22,760 --> 00:38:25,600
Speaker 1: would have allowed the first cells to come together. So

696
00:38:25,719 --> 00:38:29,440
Speaker 1: ultimately that the experts that Ball consults here seem to

697
00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:32,919
Speaker 1: think it's pretty unlikely that we would see in these

698
00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:36,240
Speaker 1: really cold environments in deep space, like on the surfaces

699
00:38:36,280 --> 00:38:39,760
Speaker 1: of ice creams. Even though these precursor molecules to life

700
00:38:39,800 --> 00:38:43,279
Speaker 1: can be formed, it seems unlikely that these environments would

701
00:38:43,360 --> 00:38:47,040
Speaker 1: form enough complex molecules and have them survive long enough

702
00:38:47,080 --> 00:38:51,560
Speaker 1: to kick off chemical evolution and really really bring together

703
00:38:51,680 --> 00:38:55,160
Speaker 1: space based life. But I want to get into another

704
00:38:55,160 --> 00:38:57,439
Speaker 1: option in just a second here that could explain where

705
00:38:57,520 --> 00:39:00,520
Speaker 1: something like this organism comes from. But before that, I

706
00:39:00,560 --> 00:39:04,520
Speaker 1: was just wondering also, like, Okay, why the complex morphology

707
00:39:04,520 --> 00:39:07,520
Speaker 1: of the exo coreth Uh? You know? Complex? More So,

708
00:39:07,600 --> 00:39:09,600
Speaker 1: it's got like a body with different parts like the

709
00:39:09,640 --> 00:39:12,000
Speaker 1: animals we see on Earth. It's got a mouth with teeth,

710
00:39:12,040 --> 00:39:14,400
Speaker 1: and it's got something that looked like little eyes talks,

711
00:39:14,719 --> 00:39:16,600
Speaker 1: and it's got a head and a tail, and it's

712
00:39:16,600 --> 00:39:21,719
Speaker 1: it's very differentiated. Uh. Complex morphology arises on Earth, I

713
00:39:21,760 --> 00:39:25,759
Speaker 1: think as a reaction to complex environments. Right, Like if

714
00:39:25,800 --> 00:39:28,000
Speaker 1: you look at all the body parts on an animal,

715
00:39:28,719 --> 00:39:32,120
Speaker 1: these are parts that have arisen in response to different

716
00:39:32,200 --> 00:39:36,839
Speaker 1: qualities and challenges of the environment in which the animal evolved.

717
00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:39,440
Speaker 1: Animals need to I mean not all animals. I guess

718
00:39:39,480 --> 00:39:42,520
Speaker 1: there were sessile animals, but most animals that move they've

719
00:39:42,520 --> 00:39:44,840
Speaker 1: had these different parts because they need to move around

720
00:39:44,960 --> 00:39:47,800
Speaker 1: and do different types of things. They have different types

721
00:39:47,800 --> 00:39:51,760
Speaker 1: of predators and prey, etcetera. The asteroid in the Empire

722
00:39:51,760 --> 00:39:54,160
Speaker 1: strikes Back does not seem to me to be a

723
00:39:54,160 --> 00:39:58,080
Speaker 1: complex environment, like so if anything was living there in reality,

724
00:39:58,520 --> 00:40:00,960
Speaker 1: I feel like I could more easily imagine a sort

725
00:40:01,000 --> 00:40:05,120
Speaker 1: of map of bacteria just harvesting radiation on the surface

726
00:40:05,160 --> 00:40:09,240
Speaker 1: of the asteroid rather than rather than like a complex,

727
00:40:09,320 --> 00:40:13,440
Speaker 1: differentiated large animal. But that that makes me think, well,

728
00:40:13,600 --> 00:40:17,239
Speaker 1: what if these organisms didn't first evolve in space? But

729
00:40:17,360 --> 00:40:21,000
Speaker 1: this is this is sort of a transplant operation. Yeah,

730
00:40:21,040 --> 00:40:23,759
Speaker 1: this would seem to make more sense, right, Yeah, the

731
00:40:24,080 --> 00:40:27,600
Speaker 1: idea that it's it's worm shaped because this worm shape

732
00:40:27,640 --> 00:40:30,600
Speaker 1: that it has once served it well in a non

733
00:40:30,680 --> 00:40:34,960
Speaker 1: asteroid environment exactly. So, I think all of our listeners

734
00:40:35,000 --> 00:40:38,040
Speaker 1: now probably know about the animal I'm about to bring up,

735
00:40:38,040 --> 00:40:42,040
Speaker 1: but but it's worth revisiting the details. The mighty tarte grade,

736
00:40:42,200 --> 00:40:46,960
Speaker 1: also known as the water bearer, a truly all inspiring organism. Yeah,

737
00:40:46,960 --> 00:40:51,120
Speaker 1: they're they're absolutely incredible. Tarte Grades are animals. They're not

738
00:40:51,200 --> 00:40:54,520
Speaker 1: bacteria or fungus. They are animals like us. They're even

739
00:40:54,600 --> 00:40:58,000
Speaker 1: bilateral animals. They have bilateral symmetry like we do. So

740
00:40:58,040 --> 00:41:02,280
Speaker 1: they're not like sponges. But they are extremely tiny tarte

741
00:41:02,280 --> 00:41:05,480
Speaker 1: grades are ubiquitous within Earth's biosphere. You'll find them on

742
00:41:05,520 --> 00:41:10,319
Speaker 1: the highest mountain peaks, in marine caves, in moss in Antarctica.

743
00:41:10,440 --> 00:41:14,280
Speaker 1: They're basically everywhere, and as far as I can find

744
00:41:14,360 --> 00:41:18,160
Speaker 1: evidence of they are the only known animal that has

745
00:41:18,200 --> 00:41:23,440
Speaker 1: been documented to survive prolonged exposure to the raw vacuum

746
00:41:23,480 --> 00:41:27,680
Speaker 1: of space, and they do it apparently by taking specific

747
00:41:27,760 --> 00:41:30,600
Speaker 1: steps to avoid some of the nastiness that we talked

748
00:41:30,600 --> 00:41:33,560
Speaker 1: about earlier when we were talking about humans being exposed

749
00:41:33,600 --> 00:41:35,759
Speaker 1: to a vacuum. Now, of course one of their main

750
00:41:35,840 --> 00:41:39,080
Speaker 1: defense mechanisms has got to be just that they're they're

751
00:41:39,120 --> 00:41:41,879
Speaker 1: so cute, Like they imagined that one day they would

752
00:41:41,880 --> 00:41:44,520
Speaker 1: be discovered by humans, and if they were not so cute,

753
00:41:44,640 --> 00:41:47,920
Speaker 1: we would not take so kindly to to uh to

754
00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:50,399
Speaker 1: finding out that this is really their planet and we're

755
00:41:50,440 --> 00:41:53,880
Speaker 1: just on it um. But they're they're so adorable, you

756
00:41:53,560 --> 00:41:57,640
Speaker 1: you kind of don't get Earth jealous. Yeah, the what

757
00:41:57,840 --> 00:42:01,560
Speaker 1: was the German description that the decline uh vassa baron

758
00:42:02,239 --> 00:42:05,760
Speaker 1: the tiny water bears, yeah, or the little moss piglets

759
00:42:05,800 --> 00:42:09,319
Speaker 1: some people. Yeah, they look like across I think I've

760
00:42:09,360 --> 00:42:12,239
Speaker 1: seen somewhere described as a cross between a caterpillar and

761
00:42:12,280 --> 00:42:14,960
Speaker 1: a teddy bear. That's pretty accurate. I keep seeing them

762
00:42:15,000 --> 00:42:18,880
Speaker 1: pop up in animated shows recently. Really. Yeah. I just

763
00:42:19,000 --> 00:42:21,960
Speaker 1: was watching the show with the Fam and there was

764
00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:25,200
Speaker 1: a race of creatures in another world that were clearly

765
00:42:25,239 --> 00:42:28,600
Speaker 1: based on on water bears. And then there was another

766
00:42:28,640 --> 00:42:32,040
Speaker 1: cartoon we were watching where they were like futuristic mutated

767
00:42:32,080 --> 00:42:34,200
Speaker 1: water bears that live in the water and if they

768
00:42:34,280 --> 00:42:36,160
Speaker 1: get in the water, you drink the water, then they

769
00:42:36,160 --> 00:42:39,160
Speaker 1: get in your brain and start controlling you stuff like that.

770
00:42:40,239 --> 00:42:42,399
Speaker 1: Clearly they strike a chord. Yeah, I mean there's something

771
00:42:42,440 --> 00:42:44,439
Speaker 1: about the way they look and the way that we've

772
00:42:44,440 --> 00:42:48,560
Speaker 1: already started describing them that, um it lends itself well

773
00:42:48,600 --> 00:42:52,640
Speaker 1: to further imagination. Yeah. So about their hardiness and ability

774
00:42:52,719 --> 00:42:56,680
Speaker 1: to survive, to survive a vacuum. I was reading a

775
00:42:57,400 --> 00:43:00,600
Speaker 1: New York Times article about water bears by corn Melia Dean,

776
00:43:01,280 --> 00:43:04,400
Speaker 1: and this article discusses the tarte grad's ability to survive

777
00:43:04,520 --> 00:43:08,960
Speaker 1: unbelievably harsh environmental conditions. So, if a tartar grade encounters

778
00:43:09,000 --> 00:43:13,880
Speaker 1: extreme drought or sudden changes in temperature or water salinity,

779
00:43:14,000 --> 00:43:17,160
Speaker 1: or other types of environmental threats, the tartar grade can

780
00:43:17,280 --> 00:43:21,279
Speaker 1: enter a kind of hibernation state where it's metabolism throttles

781
00:43:21,400 --> 00:43:26,200
Speaker 1: down to zero point zero one percent of its standard rate,

782
00:43:26,320 --> 00:43:31,000
Speaker 1: so that's one ten thousand of its regular metabolism. During

783
00:43:31,000 --> 00:43:34,360
Speaker 1: this process, almost all of the water content is avoided

784
00:43:34,440 --> 00:43:37,160
Speaker 1: out of the tartar grade's body, and the tartar grade

785
00:43:37,160 --> 00:43:41,360
Speaker 1: curls up into this dehydrated shell state called a ton

786
00:43:41,680 --> 00:43:46,480
Speaker 1: spelled t u n so. Cornelia Deane writes, quote, tons

787
00:43:46,520 --> 00:43:50,360
Speaker 1: can be subjected to atmospheric pressure six hundred times the

788
00:43:50,400 --> 00:43:53,520
Speaker 1: surface of Earth and they will bounce right back. They

789
00:43:53,520 --> 00:43:56,280
Speaker 1: can be chilled to more than three hundred degrees fahrenheit

790
00:43:56,360 --> 00:43:59,680
Speaker 1: below zero for more than a year, no problem. The

791
00:43:59,719 --> 00:44:03,080
Speaker 1: your p and Space Agency once sent tons into space.

792
00:44:03,600 --> 00:44:08,640
Speaker 1: Two thirds survived simultaneous exposure to solar radiation and the

793
00:44:08,760 --> 00:44:12,200
Speaker 1: vacuum of space. This is not something that can be

794
00:44:12,239 --> 00:44:14,319
Speaker 1: said of any other animal that I know about. I

795
00:44:14,360 --> 00:44:17,239
Speaker 1: think this is the only one we're aware of, and

796
00:44:17,320 --> 00:44:20,880
Speaker 1: it really seems like this dehydration is one of the

797
00:44:20,920 --> 00:44:23,759
Speaker 1: main keys to survival in the state, because with all

798
00:44:23,800 --> 00:44:27,600
Speaker 1: the water evacuated, you won't get these rapid boiling and

799
00:44:27,680 --> 00:44:30,880
Speaker 1: freezing effects of water content that can occur in space

800
00:44:30,920 --> 00:44:33,160
Speaker 1: that led to some of the really gross outcomes we

801
00:44:33,160 --> 00:44:36,040
Speaker 1: were talking about earlier. In fact, the evacuation of the

802
00:44:36,040 --> 00:44:41,840
Speaker 1: water content, counterintuitively apparently even affects the Tarte grades ability

803
00:44:42,000 --> 00:44:46,000
Speaker 1: to survive exposure to extreme radiation. You wouldn't think those

804
00:44:46,040 --> 00:44:49,400
Speaker 1: things were correlated, but Dean writes, quote, when cosmic radiation

805
00:44:49,480 --> 00:44:52,520
Speaker 1: hits water in a cell, it produces a highly reactive

806
00:44:52,560 --> 00:44:55,840
Speaker 1: form of oxygen that damages cell d n A. The

807
00:44:55,960 --> 00:44:59,520
Speaker 1: ton doesn't have this problem. Tons have been reconstituted after

808
00:44:59,560 --> 00:45:02,160
Speaker 1: more than a century and brought back to life as

809
00:45:02,200 --> 00:45:05,480
Speaker 1: tartar grades looking not a day older. So no frozen

810
00:45:05,520 --> 00:45:08,279
Speaker 1: tongue for the tartar grade and no radiation damage either.

811
00:45:09,120 --> 00:45:11,040
Speaker 1: So if you're if you're looking for a candidate for

812
00:45:11,160 --> 00:45:14,280
Speaker 1: something that could possibly take hold of life in the void,

813
00:45:14,320 --> 00:45:16,120
Speaker 1: I'm not saying a tart grade could like take up

814
00:45:16,200 --> 00:45:18,279
Speaker 1: life on an asteroid. It seems like eventually it would

815
00:45:18,320 --> 00:45:21,120
Speaker 1: just like its window for life would close. But using

816
00:45:21,120 --> 00:45:23,480
Speaker 1: our imaginations here and this might be trending in the

817
00:45:23,560 --> 00:45:26,480
Speaker 1: right direction, And I want to take it a step further,

818
00:45:26,880 --> 00:45:30,240
Speaker 1: because did you know that there are probably Tarta grades

819
00:45:30,400 --> 00:45:34,040
Speaker 1: on the Moon not native to the Moon. I want

820
00:45:34,040 --> 00:45:36,799
Speaker 1: to be very clear, they're from Earth, but they're on

821
00:45:36,920 --> 00:45:40,879
Speaker 1: the Moon now, possibly still alive, and in this this

822
00:45:41,000 --> 00:45:44,719
Speaker 1: ton state just awaiting the possibility to get splashed with

823
00:45:44,760 --> 00:45:47,200
Speaker 1: water again. Right. So I was reading about this in

824
00:45:47,239 --> 00:45:50,720
Speaker 1: an article on vox by Brian Resnick called Tartar Grades

825
00:45:50,760 --> 00:45:54,680
Speaker 1: the toughest animals on Earth have crash landed on the Moon. Uh.

826
00:45:54,800 --> 00:45:57,439
Speaker 1: This was from twenty nineteen, and it covers the fact

827
00:45:57,440 --> 00:45:59,560
Speaker 1: that I think this is actually drawing from an article

828
00:45:59,600 --> 00:46:02,160
Speaker 1: that was Gulian Wired in twenty nineteen that had some

829
00:46:02,200 --> 00:46:05,600
Speaker 1: interviews with the people involved. But the short version is

830
00:46:05,640 --> 00:46:08,880
Speaker 1: that in April of nineteen, there was a lunar lander

831
00:46:08,920 --> 00:46:12,120
Speaker 1: called a Baracheet, which was scheduled to become the first

832
00:46:12,320 --> 00:46:16,319
Speaker 1: privately funded spacecraft ever to land on the Moon. It

833
00:46:16,360 --> 00:46:19,280
Speaker 1: was originally a competitor for the Google Lunar X Prize,

834
00:46:19,280 --> 00:46:21,880
Speaker 1: with that window had passed, but the mission was still

835
00:46:21,960 --> 00:46:25,680
Speaker 1: scheduled and it was controlled by a group called Israel

836
00:46:25,760 --> 00:46:28,840
Speaker 1: Aerospace Industries that was based out of Yehoo Di Israel,

837
00:46:29,440 --> 00:46:32,160
Speaker 1: and after landing on the surface, it was planned to

838
00:46:32,360 --> 00:46:37,000
Speaker 1: take some readings of the Moon's magnetism, but Unfortunately, there

839
00:46:37,040 --> 00:46:39,840
Speaker 1: was a mission failure. There was a critical computer error

840
00:46:39,880 --> 00:46:43,160
Speaker 1: I think during its descent or before, and the probe

841
00:46:43,239 --> 00:46:46,239
Speaker 1: ended up crash landing on the Moon. And so you

842
00:46:46,280 --> 00:46:49,600
Speaker 1: would think, okay, well the craft was destroyed, end of story.

843
00:46:49,640 --> 00:46:52,240
Speaker 1: But there was something on the craft. There was something

844
00:46:52,719 --> 00:46:57,000
Speaker 1: much of interest aboard. There was a small installation created

845
00:46:57,000 --> 00:47:01,320
Speaker 1: by a group called the arch Mission Foundation, and speaking

846
00:47:01,360 --> 00:47:05,120
Speaker 1: to Daniel Oberhouse of Wired, the group claims that they

847
00:47:05,160 --> 00:47:09,319
Speaker 1: believed their cargo may have survived the crash, and their

848
00:47:09,360 --> 00:47:12,600
Speaker 1: cargo it included several things. I mean, the idea was

849
00:47:12,640 --> 00:47:15,080
Speaker 1: they were trying to send up to the Moon a

850
00:47:15,200 --> 00:47:19,520
Speaker 1: record of Earth civilization that could last for billions of years.

851
00:47:19,520 --> 00:47:22,560
Speaker 1: So maybe like if humanity goes extinct and aliens ever

852
00:47:22,560 --> 00:47:24,759
Speaker 1: get to the Moon, they could find some records of

853
00:47:24,840 --> 00:47:28,000
Speaker 1: Earth from this little from this little installation on this

854
00:47:28,120 --> 00:47:31,200
Speaker 1: lunar lander. And so part of it was a library

855
00:47:31,200 --> 00:47:34,439
Speaker 1: of information that was etched onto a nickel metal disc

856
00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:38,040
Speaker 1: that had like a bunch of English Wikipedia pages and

857
00:47:38,120 --> 00:47:42,400
Speaker 1: some some classic books. But it also had samples of

858
00:47:42,480 --> 00:47:46,440
Speaker 1: human tissue like human blood, and it had tarte grades.

859
00:47:46,680 --> 00:47:50,600
Speaker 1: Oh man, I hope they screenshotted essentially screenshot at Wikipedia

860
00:47:50,640 --> 00:47:53,640
Speaker 1: at a time when there were no like trolley entries

861
00:47:53,719 --> 00:47:57,200
Speaker 1: at a incorrect information because there's a cut off period

862
00:47:57,239 --> 00:47:59,279
Speaker 1: there and now it's it's up there on the moon,

863
00:47:59,640 --> 00:48:03,280
Speaker 1: that's right. Yeah. I wonder how many uh citation needed

864
00:48:03,360 --> 00:48:06,680
Speaker 1: tags the aliens are going to run into. But to

865
00:48:06,719 --> 00:48:09,920
Speaker 1: read from Resinus article here quote, many of those tarte

866
00:48:09,960 --> 00:48:13,080
Speaker 1: grades are coated in a protective resin, much like how

867
00:48:13,160 --> 00:48:16,840
Speaker 1: amber preserves long dead mosquitoes that were once trapped in

868
00:48:16,920 --> 00:48:19,880
Speaker 1: tree sap. According to Wired, a co creator of the

869
00:48:19,960 --> 00:48:23,439
Speaker 1: library believes the disc survived the crash. In the best

870
00:48:23,480 --> 00:48:28,120
Speaker 1: case scenario, Barascheet ejected the Archmission Foundation's Lunar Library during

871
00:48:28,200 --> 00:48:31,319
Speaker 1: impact and it lies in one piece somewhere near the

872
00:48:31,360 --> 00:48:35,759
Speaker 1: crash site. Wired reports, so water bears on the Moon

873
00:48:35,880 --> 00:48:39,839
Speaker 1: at least potentially may maybe still viable. So I would

874
00:48:39,840 --> 00:48:42,239
Speaker 1: say this is still not super plausible if you're if

875
00:48:42,239 --> 00:48:45,000
Speaker 1: you're gonna be really strict about it, But to play

876
00:48:45,000 --> 00:48:47,000
Speaker 1: our hand as far as we can, I'm going to

877
00:48:47,080 --> 00:48:50,120
Speaker 1: say that I think the Exo Gorth was originally some

878
00:48:50,200 --> 00:48:54,720
Speaker 1: type of extremely hardy water bear type creature that crash

879
00:48:54,880 --> 00:48:58,680
Speaker 1: landed via spaceship on an asteroid and a heavily populated

880
00:48:58,719 --> 00:49:02,680
Speaker 1: stretch of space and somehow adapted to the new environment

881
00:49:02,719 --> 00:49:06,319
Speaker 1: over millions of years of evolution. I'm still not quite

882
00:49:06,320 --> 00:49:09,160
Speaker 1: sure how it survives without an atmosphere. That doesn't seem

883
00:49:09,239 --> 00:49:12,560
Speaker 1: very possible, because while the tarte grade can for a while,

884
00:49:12,719 --> 00:49:16,520
Speaker 1: it's only able to survive that through entering this cryptobiotic

885
00:49:16,640 --> 00:49:20,000
Speaker 1: state the ton uh So it's it's harder to imagine

886
00:49:20,040 --> 00:49:24,240
Speaker 1: an organism do in its life and doing full metabolism

887
00:49:24,480 --> 00:49:29,080
Speaker 1: while simultaneously being exposed to the vacuum um. Maybe if

888
00:49:29,120 --> 00:49:31,200
Speaker 1: the exo gorth and the my knock have some kind

889
00:49:31,200 --> 00:49:34,480
Speaker 1: of biology that allows them to live without water content,

890
00:49:34,560 --> 00:49:37,040
Speaker 1: because it seems like one of the main problems with

891
00:49:37,160 --> 00:49:39,799
Speaker 1: being exposed to the vacuum and trying to live is

892
00:49:39,840 --> 00:49:43,760
Speaker 1: that the organisms were thinking of are sort of heterogeneous

893
00:49:43,880 --> 00:49:47,640
Speaker 1: mixtures of different states of matter. They've got some gas contents,

894
00:49:47,680 --> 00:49:51,400
Speaker 1: some liquid content, and some solid content, and that that

895
00:49:51,640 --> 00:49:54,279
Speaker 1: just doesn't all hold together super well when exposed to

896
00:49:54,320 --> 00:49:57,120
Speaker 1: a vacuum. The low pressure messes with your liquid and

897
00:49:57,120 --> 00:50:00,719
Speaker 1: your gas contents. Plus, I mean, I can't honestly say

898
00:50:00,719 --> 00:50:02,880
Speaker 1: that it seems like the exo Gorth in the movie

899
00:50:02,960 --> 00:50:05,239
Speaker 1: is all is purged of water because I think, as

900
00:50:05,280 --> 00:50:07,680
Speaker 1: we mentioned, it's got fog and it's in its belly,

901
00:50:07,800 --> 00:50:11,239
Speaker 1: so yeah, it's very swampy in there. Yeah, it's not

902
00:50:11,360 --> 00:50:16,640
Speaker 1: a dry heat um. You know, it almost as a

903
00:50:16,640 --> 00:50:18,879
Speaker 1: sonotype environment. It would be interesting to see if there

904
00:50:18,920 --> 00:50:21,680
Speaker 1: was like a treatment of this where where one of

905
00:50:21,719 --> 00:50:25,759
Speaker 1: these exo Goths is actually like a vacation destination where

906
00:50:25,760 --> 00:50:27,879
Speaker 1: you you know, you go to just sweat it out.

907
00:50:29,680 --> 00:50:31,080
Speaker 1: But as far as I know that that does not

908
00:50:31,160 --> 00:50:34,600
Speaker 1: currently exist. Another awesome idea that man, they should hire

909
00:50:34,640 --> 00:50:38,120
Speaker 1: you to write one of these upcoming movies. I wouldn't

910
00:50:38,120 --> 00:50:41,360
Speaker 1: go that far um at any rate. The Exo go

911
00:50:41,680 --> 00:50:45,879
Speaker 1: certainly one of the cooler alien monster type species that

912
00:50:46,160 --> 00:50:49,600
Speaker 1: that we discover in the Star Wars movies, and a

913
00:50:49,640 --> 00:50:52,840
Speaker 1: great reveal as well. Always love that scene where you

914
00:50:52,880 --> 00:50:56,240
Speaker 1: finally see the whole thing like just you know, leaping

915
00:50:56,239 --> 00:50:58,920
Speaker 1: out of that hole in the asteroid trying to grab

916
00:50:58,960 --> 00:51:01,839
Speaker 1: the millennium falcon. I love how it bends over as

917
00:51:01,880 --> 00:51:06,160
Speaker 1: it bites. Yeah, and I guess another thing that's wonderful

918
00:51:06,160 --> 00:51:08,439
Speaker 1: about it is that it's not certainly not a cheap

919
00:51:08,520 --> 00:51:11,480
Speaker 1: creation like it has they put a lot of skill

920
00:51:11,640 --> 00:51:13,880
Speaker 1: and a lot of love into creating it. But it

921
00:51:13,960 --> 00:51:16,120
Speaker 1: also kind of looks like an oven mit, you know,

922
00:51:16,239 --> 00:51:20,400
Speaker 1: so it it has this, it's it's basic um body

923
00:51:20,480 --> 00:51:24,000
Speaker 1: shape is uh is a big hand puppet, you know,

924
00:51:24,360 --> 00:51:27,120
Speaker 1: but but they make it into something that is uh

925
00:51:27,400 --> 00:51:29,759
Speaker 1: you know that it goes beyond hand puppets. So I

926
00:51:29,800 --> 00:51:32,759
Speaker 1: don't know, but it's still kind of simultaneously hits both

927
00:51:32,800 --> 00:51:36,000
Speaker 1: those uh uh those frequencies For me, I love it.

928
00:51:36,040 --> 00:51:40,040
Speaker 1: Give me more monsters like that puppets models, uh instead

929
00:51:40,080 --> 00:51:50,359
Speaker 1: of the computer animation. Please. All right, well, I think

930
00:51:50,360 --> 00:51:54,600
Speaker 1: we have time for at least one more uh consideration

931
00:51:54,680 --> 00:51:58,240
Speaker 1: here in the episode. So for my selection for today,

932
00:51:58,880 --> 00:52:01,080
Speaker 1: basically I went to my son and I said, hey,

933
00:52:01,400 --> 00:52:04,759
Speaker 1: Joe and I are doing these episodes on creatures from

934
00:52:04,800 --> 00:52:08,920
Speaker 1: the Star Wars world. What should we cover? And without

935
00:52:08,960 --> 00:52:12,920
Speaker 1: any deliberation, he said, toe grout Is. He's been obsessed

936
00:52:12,920 --> 00:52:16,360
Speaker 1: with toe groot Is over the past year, often discussing

937
00:52:16,360 --> 00:52:20,359
Speaker 1: their key anatomical features, their leak wu and their mon trails. Uh,

938
00:52:20,600 --> 00:52:23,840
Speaker 1: just wondering aloud, what do they feel like? What do

939
00:52:24,000 --> 00:52:28,759
Speaker 1: you know? What is there? How flexible are they? What? Um,

940
00:52:28,880 --> 00:52:31,800
Speaker 1: how do they move? As the as individual toe groutes

941
00:52:31,840 --> 00:52:34,320
Speaker 1: get older and so forth, and so it was a

942
00:52:34,480 --> 00:52:37,719
Speaker 1: very popular discussion area. So I owe it to him

943
00:52:38,000 --> 00:52:42,319
Speaker 1: to consider them. Here. Now are these the creatures? These

944
00:52:42,320 --> 00:52:45,719
Speaker 1: are humanoid creatures, right, so they're they're like sentient humanoid,

945
00:52:46,200 --> 00:52:49,400
Speaker 1: not like some space monster. And they have a kind

946
00:52:49,440 --> 00:52:52,320
Speaker 1: of they have a biological feature that kind of looks

947
00:52:52,360 --> 00:52:56,520
Speaker 1: like a long hat or head dress. Yep, they have Yeah,

948
00:52:56,520 --> 00:52:59,320
Speaker 1: they have these, uh, these appendages on their head that

949
00:52:59,400 --> 00:53:02,239
Speaker 1: do look like head dress and certainly strike that that

950
00:53:02,360 --> 00:53:06,919
Speaker 1: chord when you're looking at them, and they are yeah,

951
00:53:07,320 --> 00:53:10,120
Speaker 1: so basically, yeah, that you have two different sets. So

952
00:53:10,440 --> 00:53:12,560
Speaker 1: you have the man trails and these are two large

953
00:53:12,640 --> 00:53:15,520
Speaker 1: cone like horns on the top of their head, sometimes

954
00:53:15,520 --> 00:53:18,120
Speaker 1: said to be hollow. And then you have the leaku.

955
00:53:18,400 --> 00:53:22,360
Speaker 1: These are three fleshy appendages also called head tails that

956
00:53:22,440 --> 00:53:27,600
Speaker 1: protrude downward, two on either side beneath the montrels, and

957
00:53:27,800 --> 00:53:30,880
Speaker 1: one behind the head. Uh. These are sometimes compared to

958
00:53:30,920 --> 00:53:34,480
Speaker 1: the head appendages of the Twilights, which I believe you're

959
00:53:34,480 --> 00:53:37,640
Speaker 1: familiar with these from Return of the Jedi, Yes, from

960
00:53:37,719 --> 00:53:41,520
Speaker 1: Jab of the Huts, little lackey guy. Yeah. But while

961
00:53:41,560 --> 00:53:46,319
Speaker 1: the leaku of the twilex uh, you know, are are

962
00:53:46,440 --> 00:53:49,800
Speaker 1: supposed to contribute to communication, like they have like subtle

963
00:53:49,840 --> 00:53:52,400
Speaker 1: movements that they make with them. Uh. The Leaku of

964
00:53:52,480 --> 00:53:56,400
Speaker 1: the toe Gruta seem mostly motionless, though with varying degrees

965
00:53:56,400 --> 00:53:58,920
Speaker 1: of rigidity. They might have to do with age or

966
00:53:59,000 --> 00:54:02,960
Speaker 1: environmental conditions or in many cases like what you know,

967
00:54:03,120 --> 00:54:07,320
Speaker 1: what what degree of flexibility is inherent in the makeup,

968
00:54:07,480 --> 00:54:11,080
Speaker 1: special effects or in the computer animations being used. You know,

969
00:54:11,120 --> 00:54:13,240
Speaker 1: this is funny because I was sort of considering picking

970
00:54:13,239 --> 00:54:16,040
Speaker 1: the Twilight actually because I was thinking about, oh, the

971
00:54:16,640 --> 00:54:18,960
Speaker 1: weird like head tails, those things, until I saw you

972
00:54:19,040 --> 00:54:20,960
Speaker 1: had picked this. So I feel like we got our

973
00:54:21,000 --> 00:54:24,600
Speaker 1: head tail bases covered. You're gonna be the Leku and

974
00:54:24,640 --> 00:54:28,000
Speaker 1: Montrale's expert here. I feel like there's a little more

975
00:54:28,040 --> 00:54:31,560
Speaker 1: to talk about with with the tagrudas because you have

976
00:54:31,880 --> 00:54:35,640
Speaker 1: you have these two different features going on. Yeah, so, um,

977
00:54:35,719 --> 00:54:37,600
Speaker 1: in case you don't know, you're not you don't know

978
00:54:37,719 --> 00:54:40,319
Speaker 1: offhand who I'm talking about with the dogrutas, I should

979
00:54:40,360 --> 00:54:42,839
Speaker 1: point out the two most notable togrutas in the Star

980
00:54:42,840 --> 00:54:47,160
Speaker 1: Wars galaxy, both of whom were Jedi. So there's Jedi

981
00:54:47,200 --> 00:54:51,400
Speaker 1: Masters Shocked tie UH hero general of the Clone Wars

982
00:54:51,600 --> 00:54:55,240
Speaker 1: and UH she fought in pivotal battles on Genosis, Camino,

983
00:54:55,360 --> 00:54:58,239
Speaker 1: and Corrassant and served as the Jedi representative on the

984
00:54:58,239 --> 00:55:00,799
Speaker 1: world of Camino. And she was killed at the close

985
00:55:00,840 --> 00:55:04,960
Speaker 1: of the Clone Wars by Darth Vader. But the even

986
00:55:05,160 --> 00:55:09,280
Speaker 1: more famous Uh toe groot of character is Jedi Commander

987
00:55:09,280 --> 00:55:13,920
Speaker 1: as Katano, hero of the Clone Wars, later a rebel operative. UH.

988
00:55:13,960 --> 00:55:17,400
Speaker 1: She was the padawan of Anakin Skywalker. And she was

989
00:55:17,480 --> 00:55:20,919
Speaker 1: voiced by Ashley Extein on the Clone Wars and later

990
00:55:21,000 --> 00:55:24,359
Speaker 1: played in live action by Rossario Dawson. I would say

991
00:55:24,440 --> 00:55:27,680
Speaker 1: she's not only the most beloved Star Wars character of

992
00:55:27,680 --> 00:55:29,640
Speaker 1: the modern era, but probably at this point one of

993
00:55:29,680 --> 00:55:32,880
Speaker 1: the most beloved Star Wars characters of all time. Like,

994
00:55:32,960 --> 00:55:35,400
Speaker 1: she's she's up there? Wait, why do I not know

995
00:55:35,480 --> 00:55:37,960
Speaker 1: this character? What does she? What does she? What properties

996
00:55:38,040 --> 00:55:40,600
Speaker 1: is she from? So she pops up in the Clone

997
00:55:40,600 --> 00:55:44,200
Speaker 1: Wars animated series. Um, the long the long run, not

998
00:55:44,320 --> 00:55:47,879
Speaker 1: the initial one. Um, you know that that was very

999
00:55:47,920 --> 00:55:51,000
Speaker 1: short form. This is the uh, the later one, the

1000
00:55:51,000 --> 00:55:55,920
Speaker 1: computer animated version. Oh, I mean I like, I like

1001
00:55:55,960 --> 00:55:58,400
Speaker 1: all the the Clone Wars animated, but but yeah, this

1002
00:55:58,400 --> 00:56:01,279
Speaker 1: one was was particularly good. Enjoyed going through all that

1003
00:56:01,360 --> 00:56:03,279
Speaker 1: with my son over the past years. But yeah, she's

1004
00:56:03,520 --> 00:56:07,880
Speaker 1: introduced in that series early on as as Anakin's padawan,

1005
00:56:08,440 --> 00:56:11,440
Speaker 1: and you follow her throughout this whole series. She kind

1006
00:56:11,440 --> 00:56:14,640
Speaker 1: of grows up and then as you know, as a

1007
00:56:14,640 --> 00:56:17,680
Speaker 1: as an adult. She's a character in the Rebels series,

1008
00:56:18,120 --> 00:56:21,320
Speaker 1: and she finally popped up as a live action character

1009
00:56:21,840 --> 00:56:24,520
Speaker 1: in the second season of The Mandalorian and she's gonna

1010
00:56:24,520 --> 00:56:27,640
Speaker 1: have her own spin off series, etcetera. She's in all

1011
00:56:27,680 --> 00:56:30,920
Speaker 1: the stuff I haven't seen, right, right, but you know,

1012
00:56:30,960 --> 00:56:33,799
Speaker 1: it's just a really well fleshed out character. Um, you know,

1013
00:56:33,880 --> 00:56:37,920
Speaker 1: just a strong female character and uh, an alien character

1014
00:56:38,640 --> 00:56:40,319
Speaker 1: with a lot of depth to them. You know, so

1015
00:56:40,400 --> 00:56:42,440
Speaker 1: often in the Star Wars universe where we're just focusing

1016
00:56:42,480 --> 00:56:45,080
Speaker 1: on the human characters amid the aliens, and here we

1017
00:56:45,120 --> 00:56:47,680
Speaker 1: have one of the aliens. Yeah, I mean, you gotta

1018
00:56:47,719 --> 00:56:50,160
Speaker 1: love Han Solo, Princess Lea and all them, but we've

1019
00:56:50,200 --> 00:56:55,280
Speaker 1: got enough humans. I'm gonna have some real creatures as heroes. Yeah,

1020
00:56:55,680 --> 00:56:58,600
Speaker 1: So coming back to their biology, Yeah, for the most part,

1021
00:56:58,600 --> 00:57:01,319
Speaker 1: they're they're very, very human, but they do have these

1022
00:57:01,360 --> 00:57:05,080
Speaker 1: mon trials and the leeku, So what are they doing? What?

1023
00:57:05,320 --> 00:57:08,840
Speaker 1: What are they for? Well, as far as the leeku go, again,

1024
00:57:08,880 --> 00:57:12,719
Speaker 1: they seem to play a role in communication uh in

1025
00:57:12,840 --> 00:57:15,600
Speaker 1: other species, but not so in the toegrew or they

1026
00:57:15,600 --> 00:57:18,240
Speaker 1: don't seem to to move around or anything. Now, they

1027
00:57:18,280 --> 00:57:20,640
Speaker 1: do seem to grow throughout their life. And there does

1028
00:57:20,680 --> 00:57:23,280
Speaker 1: seem to be some degree of sexual dimorphism in that

1029
00:57:23,360 --> 00:57:27,560
Speaker 1: they're longer in females than in males. Um. So obviously

1030
00:57:27,960 --> 00:57:30,720
Speaker 1: they could have evolved to aid in mate selection to

1031
00:57:30,800 --> 00:57:34,680
Speaker 1: communicate fitness to potential mates. Uh. They are quite colorful

1032
00:57:34,680 --> 00:57:37,320
Speaker 1: and I cut catching after all. Uh. And you know

1033
00:57:37,360 --> 00:57:40,720
Speaker 1: we see this in the wattles of various bird species

1034
00:57:40,760 --> 00:57:43,480
Speaker 1: for instance. And uh, I think I think leeku are

1035
00:57:43,520 --> 00:57:47,320
Speaker 1: quite comparable to waddles uh in other species like goats, however,

1036
00:57:47,400 --> 00:57:50,400
Speaker 1: wattles or castles, as have sometimes known, are generally thought

1037
00:57:50,440 --> 00:57:53,240
Speaker 1: to have no purpose. I was reading about this in

1038
00:57:53,280 --> 00:57:57,520
Speaker 1: a book book by Sue Weaver titled The Goat Just

1039
00:57:57,560 --> 00:58:00,520
Speaker 1: all about goats and how they work? Yea about the

1040
00:58:00,520 --> 00:58:03,360
Speaker 1: parts that have no purpose? Yeah, pretty much. It seems

1041
00:58:03,400 --> 00:58:06,200
Speaker 1: it seems as if wattles or tassels have no purpose.

1042
00:58:06,200 --> 00:58:08,560
Speaker 1: So it's possible that you have this feature in this

1043
00:58:08,680 --> 00:58:12,240
Speaker 1: alien humanoid species that ultimately has no purpose. But maybe

1044
00:58:12,360 --> 00:58:15,080
Speaker 1: but you know, is a part of of of their

1045
00:58:15,120 --> 00:58:17,560
Speaker 1: anatomy and is you know, factored into their own ideas

1046
00:58:17,560 --> 00:58:21,720
Speaker 1: of beauty and representation. Now, as for the montrals, we

1047
00:58:21,840 --> 00:58:25,720
Speaker 1: have a far more specific purpose in the Star Wars lore. Uh,

1048
00:58:25,760 --> 00:58:29,320
Speaker 1: they allow an individual to sense the movement of objects

1049
00:58:29,360 --> 00:58:33,800
Speaker 1: around them through echolocation and um in consens up to

1050
00:58:34,120 --> 00:58:38,520
Speaker 1: eighty two feet or roughly twenty fives Now. Echolocation is

1051
00:58:38,560 --> 00:58:42,200
Speaker 1: of course the location of objects by reflected sound, used

1052
00:58:42,200 --> 00:58:45,640
Speaker 1: in a number of terrestrial birds and mammals, either used

1053
00:58:45,640 --> 00:58:47,840
Speaker 1: in the hunting of prey or in the navigation of

1054
00:58:47,840 --> 00:58:52,040
Speaker 1: their environments such as trees and caves. Um. Now, I

1055
00:58:52,080 --> 00:58:54,440
Speaker 1: was looking around it some possible parallels, and I think

1056
00:58:54,480 --> 00:58:58,160
Speaker 1: a good comparison for the to gruta might actually be

1057
00:58:58,240 --> 00:59:02,520
Speaker 1: the shrew, which uses that colocation quote for habitat assessment

1058
00:59:02,560 --> 00:59:07,600
Speaker 1: at close range, according to why do Shrew's twitter communication

1059
00:59:07,800 --> 00:59:12,080
Speaker 1: or simple echo based orientation by Siemens at All published

1060
00:59:12,080 --> 00:59:15,120
Speaker 1: in the Royal Society Biology Letters from two thousand and nine.

1061
00:59:15,400 --> 00:59:18,160
Speaker 1: So again, this would be a situation where the shrew

1062
00:59:18,360 --> 00:59:21,720
Speaker 1: or perhaps that took ruta is not using its echolocation

1063
00:59:21,920 --> 00:59:24,200
Speaker 1: like say like a bat, you know, to hunt in

1064
00:59:24,240 --> 00:59:27,160
Speaker 1: a you know, a nighttime environment. They would be using

1065
00:59:27,160 --> 00:59:31,240
Speaker 1: it more as a way to assist in their understanding

1066
00:59:31,280 --> 00:59:34,640
Speaker 1: of their immediate environment. Now, okay, so we were with

1067
00:59:35,000 --> 00:59:39,480
Speaker 1: these possible echolocation horns again we're talking about the montrels

1068
00:59:39,520 --> 00:59:43,080
Speaker 1: on the took rudas. But this actually come brings us

1069
00:59:43,080 --> 00:59:46,640
Speaker 1: back to the leak of those uh those those tales

1070
00:59:46,720 --> 00:59:51,160
Speaker 1: that are hanging down um because sometimes waddles are used

1071
00:59:51,160 --> 00:59:54,360
Speaker 1: by organisms such as the umbrella bird to aid in

1072
00:59:54,400 --> 00:59:58,120
Speaker 1: the production of sounds. So perhaps that's what's going on

1073
00:59:58,160 --> 00:59:59,720
Speaker 1: with the took root as well. I don't think we

1074
00:59:59,800 --> 01:00:02,160
Speaker 1: ever see or hear at too groot of doing this,

1075
01:00:02,840 --> 01:00:06,280
Speaker 1: but I was wondering if possibly, like that's the reason

1076
01:00:06,360 --> 01:00:09,840
Speaker 1: for this combination of headgear, like the leakup would have

1077
01:00:09,880 --> 01:00:13,040
Speaker 1: been used at least originally to create sounds that would

1078
01:00:13,080 --> 01:00:17,240
Speaker 1: aid in echolocation that was then picked up by the montrels.

1079
01:00:17,240 --> 01:00:19,800
Speaker 1: Oh like you also see I think in some marine mammals,

1080
01:00:19,800 --> 01:00:21,280
Speaker 1: like some of the equipment on the front of their

1081
01:00:21,280 --> 01:00:23,480
Speaker 1: head is not just used for receiving the sounds, but

1082
01:00:23,560 --> 01:00:27,920
Speaker 1: for producing the sounds. Yeah, so so again there's nothing.

1083
01:00:27,960 --> 01:00:30,360
Speaker 1: I don't think there's anything in the shows too to

1084
01:00:30,440 --> 01:00:32,960
Speaker 1: support this idea. Maybe it's somebody's written about it, uh

1085
01:00:33,480 --> 01:00:35,800
Speaker 1: and gone to this this area. I'm not sure, but

1086
01:00:35,920 --> 01:00:37,640
Speaker 1: I was thinking, well, okay, on one hand, maybe it's

1087
01:00:37,680 --> 01:00:40,400
Speaker 1: simply out of our range of hearing as a supposedly

1088
01:00:40,520 --> 01:00:44,280
Speaker 1: you know, human viewer of this space drama. Um. Or

1089
01:00:44,400 --> 01:00:46,040
Speaker 1: it could have to do with the fact that the

1090
01:00:46,200 --> 01:00:48,960
Speaker 1: two to grooted that we spend the most time with

1091
01:00:49,120 --> 01:00:53,240
Speaker 1: our our our fourth sensitive and their Jedi trained, so

1092
01:00:53,680 --> 01:00:56,080
Speaker 1: perhaps most of the time they have little use for

1093
01:00:56,200 --> 01:01:01,800
Speaker 1: these um more archaic since features, but then again for sensitivity.

1094
01:01:01,840 --> 01:01:03,560
Speaker 1: Would you know it would open up a new sense

1095
01:01:03,600 --> 01:01:06,080
Speaker 1: realm for an individual, But I don't mean, I don't

1096
01:01:06,120 --> 01:01:08,040
Speaker 1: know if that would mean you would just completely abandon

1097
01:01:08,120 --> 01:01:11,720
Speaker 1: another sense realm, you know, even if it was decreased

1098
01:01:11,800 --> 01:01:15,880
Speaker 1: or or partially um you know, atrophied, uh, you know,

1099
01:01:15,960 --> 01:01:18,840
Speaker 1: due to evolution. Well, you know, I think about in

1100
01:01:18,880 --> 01:01:22,320
Speaker 1: the very first Star Wars movie, how a large part

1101
01:01:22,360 --> 01:01:24,920
Speaker 1: of what the forces shown to do is to aid

1102
01:01:25,000 --> 01:01:27,560
Speaker 1: in the guidance of actions without the use of senses.

1103
01:01:27,960 --> 01:01:31,200
Speaker 1: So when when Luke is training with Obi Wan Kenobi

1104
01:01:31,280 --> 01:01:33,160
Speaker 1: while they're on the way to the Death Star, they

1105
01:01:33,200 --> 01:01:35,280
Speaker 1: put the blast shield down on the helmet so that

1106
01:01:35,320 --> 01:01:37,320
Speaker 1: he can't see the remote while he's training with it,

1107
01:01:37,320 --> 01:01:39,680
Speaker 1: he's supposed to be able to tell what's there without

1108
01:01:39,840 --> 01:01:42,919
Speaker 1: using his primary sense of his eyes. Same way, Um,

1109
01:01:43,040 --> 01:01:45,400
Speaker 1: you know, he turns off his targeting computer when he's

1110
01:01:45,440 --> 01:01:49,240
Speaker 1: aiming the proton torpedoes into the death Star. He somehow

1111
01:01:49,400 --> 01:01:54,800
Speaker 1: is is abandoning or surrendering is either natural or technologically

1112
01:01:54,880 --> 01:01:58,880
Speaker 1: aided senses in in almost as a kind of supplication

1113
01:01:59,040 --> 01:02:01,400
Speaker 1: to the power of the force. Right, It's like you

1114
01:02:01,440 --> 01:02:03,520
Speaker 1: put the blast shield down or you turn off the

1115
01:02:03,560 --> 01:02:06,720
Speaker 1: targeting computer as a sign of faith. Is showing that

1116
01:02:06,760 --> 01:02:09,560
Speaker 1: you you truly forsake these senses and you trust the

1117
01:02:09,600 --> 01:02:12,320
Speaker 1: force totally. Well, there you go, there's there's precedent for

1118
01:02:12,400 --> 01:02:15,440
Speaker 1: it after all. So anyway, it's a fun exercise I

1119
01:02:15,440 --> 01:02:17,040
Speaker 1: think to you know, to look at something like that

1120
01:02:17,120 --> 01:02:19,920
Speaker 1: on a on a fictional alien species that you know

1121
01:02:19,920 --> 01:02:22,800
Speaker 1: it's clearly there, mostly because it looks cool, but try

1122
01:02:22,840 --> 01:02:25,640
Speaker 1: to imagine what what could it have done? What what

1123
01:02:25,680 --> 01:02:28,320
Speaker 1: could its purpose actually be? And again some of it

1124
01:02:28,400 --> 01:02:31,439
Speaker 1: is baked into the cannon already, the idea that there

1125
01:02:31,520 --> 01:02:34,240
Speaker 1: is some of these worst sense features of some sort.

1126
01:02:34,920 --> 01:02:36,640
Speaker 1: But yeah, it's it's fun to then try and break

1127
01:02:36,640 --> 01:02:38,960
Speaker 1: it down further and imagine exactly what they were doing

1128
01:02:38,960 --> 01:02:41,520
Speaker 1: and what it would be like, uh to have uh,

1129
01:02:41,720 --> 01:02:44,520
Speaker 1: those those montreles and leku um, you know, without getting

1130
01:02:44,560 --> 01:02:47,280
Speaker 1: into my son's additional concerns over well, what do they

1131
01:02:47,280 --> 01:02:51,560
Speaker 1: feel like? How flexible? I'm sorry, this is unacceptable. We

1132
01:02:51,600 --> 01:02:54,760
Speaker 1: need an answer, Rob, What do they feel like? Oh? Well,

1133
01:02:54,840 --> 01:02:57,400
Speaker 1: I mean I guess you could say, what does the

1134
01:02:57,440 --> 01:02:59,960
Speaker 1: wattle of a bird or or the tassels of a goat?

1135
01:03:00,040 --> 01:03:01,560
Speaker 1: What do they feel like? I guess they would be

1136
01:03:01,600 --> 01:03:08,000
Speaker 1: kind of fleshy and awesome. Um yeah, the horns would

1137
01:03:08,040 --> 01:03:11,240
Speaker 1: be kind of rigid. Uh yeah, And I guess it

1138
01:03:11,280 --> 01:03:13,880
Speaker 1: would depend on, you know, how how old they are

1139
01:03:13,920 --> 01:03:16,720
Speaker 1: and how you know, if they did they lotion? Do

1140
01:03:16,800 --> 01:03:19,800
Speaker 1: they lotion? There? There they're leaku enough to keep them,

1141
01:03:20,640 --> 01:03:23,640
Speaker 1: you know, uh, you know, from getting too dried out.

1142
01:03:23,680 --> 01:03:25,920
Speaker 1: I don't know. It's like the self care manuals for

1143
01:03:26,000 --> 01:03:28,640
Speaker 1: the tokruta. It's like, hey, you know, remember to oil

1144
01:03:28,720 --> 01:03:32,320
Speaker 1: your oil your leaku don well, the Jedi tended. They

1145
01:03:32,360 --> 01:03:34,200
Speaker 1: seem to take pretty good care of themselves. How often

1146
01:03:34,240 --> 01:03:37,560
Speaker 1: you see like a truly scruffy Jedi, That's true. One

1147
01:03:37,600 --> 01:03:40,200
Speaker 1: thing I always noticed, Obi Wan Kenobi's beard is so

1148
01:03:40,440 --> 01:03:44,240
Speaker 1: well trimmed and sculpted. Yeah, I think you just have

1149
01:03:44,400 --> 01:03:47,360
Speaker 1: that extra you have that extra time on your hands,

1150
01:03:47,440 --> 01:03:49,560
Speaker 1: you know. Uh, you know, even as even as an

1151
01:03:49,600 --> 01:03:53,920
Speaker 1: old Jedi, he took the time. Yodo was pretty scruffy, um,

1152
01:03:54,440 --> 01:03:57,479
Speaker 1: especially towards the end, but he was ancient, so yeah,

1153
01:03:58,200 --> 01:04:02,400
Speaker 1: he's earned it. Okay, should we call part one there?

1154
01:04:02,520 --> 01:04:06,000
Speaker 1: Because we've got plenty more alien the cropsies from the

1155
01:04:06,040 --> 01:04:08,960
Speaker 1: Star Wars universe to to come back and explore next time.

1156
01:04:09,520 --> 01:04:12,640
Speaker 1: That's right, we have there's a more fun specimens to

1157
01:04:13,160 --> 01:04:16,840
Speaker 1: discuss and to die sect. Uh So in the meantime,

1158
01:04:17,480 --> 01:04:19,440
Speaker 1: we'd love to hear from everyone, what are your thoughts

1159
01:04:19,960 --> 01:04:23,680
Speaker 1: on on giant Star Wars space worms and uh fleshy

1160
01:04:23,760 --> 01:04:27,640
Speaker 1: appendages to alien species? Uh, you know, let us know

1161
01:04:27,720 --> 01:04:31,040
Speaker 1: of anything we missed, any details uh that we're not

1162
01:04:31,120 --> 01:04:34,120
Speaker 1: aware of from from Cannon or extended universe that might

1163
01:04:34,600 --> 01:04:37,080
Speaker 1: uh you know, further fill in some of the holes

1164
01:04:37,200 --> 01:04:39,520
Speaker 1: here and uh yeah, In the meantime, if you want

1165
01:04:39,560 --> 01:04:41,520
Speaker 1: to check out other episodes of Stuff to Blow Your Mind,

1166
01:04:41,640 --> 01:04:44,880
Speaker 1: such as the past episodes where we talked about the

1167
01:04:45,120 --> 01:04:48,440
Speaker 1: Death Star blowing things up or or or certainly the

1168
01:04:48,520 --> 01:04:50,560
Speaker 1: Mighty Star Lack, you can find them in the Stuff

1169
01:04:50,600 --> 01:04:53,000
Speaker 1: to Blow your Mind podcast feed, which you can find

1170
01:04:53,040 --> 01:04:55,040
Speaker 1: wherever you get your podcasts and wherever that happens to be.

1171
01:04:55,120 --> 01:04:58,120
Speaker 1: We just asked the rate review and subscribe huge thanks

1172
01:04:58,160 --> 01:05:01,400
Speaker 1: as always to our excellent audio produce Sir Seth Nicholas Johnson.

1173
01:05:01,600 --> 01:05:03,080
Speaker 1: If you would like to get in touch with us

1174
01:05:03,120 --> 01:05:05,600
Speaker 1: with feedback on this episode or any other, to suggest

1175
01:05:05,680 --> 01:05:07,520
Speaker 1: a topic for the future, or just to say hello,

1176
01:05:08,000 --> 01:05:10,480
Speaker 1: you can email us at contact at stuff to blow

1177
01:05:10,560 --> 01:05:20,560
Speaker 1: your Mind dot com. Stuff to Blow your Mind is

1178
01:05:20,600 --> 01:05:23,280
Speaker 1: production of I Heart Radio. For more podcasts for my

1179
01:05:23,360 --> 01:05:26,400
Speaker 1: Heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or

1180
01:05:26,400 --> 01:05:28,080
Speaker 1: wherever you listening to your favorite shows.