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Speaker 1: From UFOs to psychic powers and government conspiracies. History is

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Speaker 1: riddled with unexplained events. You can turn back now or

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Speaker 1: learn the stuff they don't want you to know. A

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Speaker 1: production of I Heart Radio. Hello, and welcome back to

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Speaker 1: the show. My name is Matt, my name is Nol.

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Speaker 1: They called me Ben. We're joined as always with our

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Speaker 1: super producer Paul. Mission Control deconds. Most importantly, you are you,

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Speaker 1: You are here, and that makes this stuff they don't

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Speaker 1: want you to know. Today's story is a tragic continuing

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Speaker 1: saga and spoiler alert, it is a story that does

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Speaker 1: not at this point have an ending. However, we feel

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Speaker 1: it is important for more people to be aware of

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Speaker 1: this conspiray. See this cover up, this semi apocalyptic series

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Speaker 1: of very unfortunate events. This story comes to us, folks,

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Speaker 1: courtesy of one of your fellow listeners who left us

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Speaker 1: a message. Oh god, Matt, it was was it twenty nineteen?

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Speaker 1: Oh no, Ben, this actually came from this year, and

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Speaker 1: we just want to say thank you, anonymous teacher. We

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Speaker 1: would mean playing your voicemail right now, but you asked

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Speaker 1: us not to. Well we did. We did, of course

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Speaker 1: play it for ourselves as a group, but as we

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Speaker 1: always say, you know, we we want to respect people's

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Speaker 1: wishes for privacy. We didn't think he sounds scatter brained

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Speaker 1: at all. And anonymous teacher, you raised a very interesting point.

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Speaker 1: You also did something that I I love to hear,

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Speaker 1: which is you you mentioned some of your own research

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Speaker 1: in this matter. In the story of the Marshal I'm lands.

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Speaker 1: You Now, a lot of people have probably heard of

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Speaker 1: the Bikinia Toll, especially if you're if you're interested in

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Speaker 1: the history of nuclear testing, nuclear revolution. But there's a larger,

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Speaker 1: much larger story at play here. And to explore this story,

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Speaker 1: we have to first explore the Marshall Islands themselves, which

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Speaker 1: are going to be unfamiliar with a lot of people

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Speaker 1: in the US, especially if you have you don't have

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Speaker 1: any relatives in the military, or you haven't yourself been

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Speaker 1: a part of the military. So here are the facts.

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Speaker 1: The Marshall Islands are remote. Oh man, you thought driving, uh,

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Speaker 1: driving for a long weekend at a cabin in the

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Speaker 1: mountains was a hassle. Just look at all the stuff

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Speaker 1: you have to do to get from where you are

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Speaker 1: now wherever you're listening to this, all the way out

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Speaker 1: to the Marshall Islands. They are about halfway between Hawaii

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Speaker 1: and Australia, like right near the equator. And although it's

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Speaker 1: one sovereign country now as of nineteen seventy nine, it's

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Speaker 1: really two uh two kind of parallel chains, a very

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Speaker 1: of a lot of very small, very small plots of land. Uh.

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Speaker 1: It is considered and what's called an associated state of

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Speaker 1: the US. That means that since its constitution and independence

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Speaker 1: in nineteen seventy nine, it's a sovereign country, but as

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Speaker 1: a formal, very distinct unique relationship with the United States.

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Speaker 1: And we're gonna find out exactly why in this episode.

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Speaker 1: I don't know why I'm laughing. This is this is

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Speaker 1: a terrible thing. Uh. And even though it's it's a

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Speaker 1: pretty big area of ocean and island population wise, it's

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Speaker 1: a very small place, that's right. Uh. And estimated fifty

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Speaker 1: eight thousand, four hundred and thirteen human souls live in

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Speaker 1: this region, spread out across twenty nine coral a tolls. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And they're called that because they're they're they're almost like

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Speaker 1: many islands, like I mean, when you look at them

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Speaker 1: on an aerial view, they really just look like tiny

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Speaker 1: little specs um. And these a tolls are composed of

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Speaker 1: one thousand, one fifty six individual islands or islets. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Most live in the capital called Majuro UM. And it's beautiful.

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Speaker 1: You know, we're talking about crystal blue waters, you know,

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Speaker 1: island paradise type getaways. UM. It's incredibly remote, very low

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Speaker 1: crime rate, and for many, many years, thousands of years,

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Speaker 1: was the kind of place where you could kind of

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Speaker 1: go and live a life off the grid, uh, like

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Speaker 1: Robinson Crusoe style. Um. Unfortunately, due to a series of

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Speaker 1: unfortunate events lemony snaked style, this is no longer the case. Right. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: this this place has long history of human occupation dating

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Speaker 1: back to at least the second millennium b C. And

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Speaker 1: as the world and the countries in the world became

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Speaker 1: increasingly connected in the modern era, more and more governments

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Speaker 1: either half a world away or you know, closer to

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Speaker 1: that Pacific region, they became interested, intensely interested in controlling

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Speaker 1: the territory we know as the Republic of the Marshall

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Speaker 1: Islands today. As far back as nineteen fourteen, Japan was interested.

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Speaker 1: They were building bass military bases on the islands. And

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Speaker 1: then if you fast forward through the bloody events of

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Speaker 1: World War two in the Pacific theater. There you'll see

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Speaker 1: that after the United States defeated Japanese troops in the area,

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Speaker 1: they turned to as tolls of the Marshall Islands into

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Speaker 1: military bases themselves. So it's kind of like there are

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Speaker 1: two there are two things fighting, but neither of them

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Speaker 1: have the concerns of the native people at the front

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Speaker 1: of their minds. No, it's a it's a strategic place

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Speaker 1: to be if if you've got naval forces, it's a

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Speaker 1: strategic place to be. And it's also strategic if you

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Speaker 1: need to be isolated for some reason away from larger

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Speaker 1: populations ding ding ding. Yeah, and consider just the resupply

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Speaker 1: value it offers to So in the islands, due to

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Speaker 1: action by the UN, the islands become part of something

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Speaker 1: called the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. There's still

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Speaker 1: not a country. This was like the u N's idea officially,

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Speaker 1: but this trust territory is administered cough cough, controlled cough

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Speaker 1: cough by the United States. This is Uncle Sam's New

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Speaker 1: Island paradise, if you will. These kind of territory graps,

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Speaker 1: we should know, super common in any post war era. Uh,

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Speaker 1: go back to the first battles humans fought. They there

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Speaker 1: was usually a territory grap afterwards, and it was often

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Speaker 1: about territory, no matter what kind of ideology they put

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Speaker 1: over it. Uh. This is this happens for a number

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Speaker 1: of reasons. One, as you pointed out, Matt, to gain

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Speaker 1: control of a strategic point, either for shipping purposes, economic

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Speaker 1: purposes you could say, or to plan for future wars,

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Speaker 1: future areas that we could wage wage a good offense from,

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Speaker 1: or areas that we could easily defend. And then, of course,

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Speaker 1: the big badger in the bag of every war ever

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Speaker 1: claims to local resources. Every war you have seen, fought

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Speaker 1: or read about is about getting stuff from other people,

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Speaker 1: no matter how it's phrased. This makes the Martial Islands

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Speaker 1: Trust territory very strange in human history because the US

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Speaker 1: did have a plan for this region, but they didn't

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Speaker 1: want to take anything. Instead, they wanted to leave something,

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Speaker 1: something terrible behind. Here's where it gets crazy. Yeah, what

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Speaker 1: they wanted to leave behind was indeed something terrible. UM

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Speaker 1: is a byproduct of nuclear testing, as described by Tony

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Speaker 1: de Brum, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs and Health

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Speaker 1: UH in the U. S. Navy pulled into the lagoon

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Speaker 1: of the Bikini Atoll and told the one and sixty

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Speaker 1: seven people that were living there at the time that

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Speaker 1: they were going to use this land as a testing

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Speaker 1: site for nuclear weaponry. They were direct and how they

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Speaker 1: approached these individuals uh, But at the same time it

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Speaker 1: was something it was like a stick almost like they

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Speaker 1: like they've done it before. UH. The group phrase their

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Speaker 1: conversation in such a way, almost like you would with

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Speaker 1: something like eminent domain, where it's like, let us buy

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Speaker 1: you out, let us help you, help us, etcetera. They

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Speaker 1: phrased it in terms of quote seeking permission, but they

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Speaker 1: couched the mission as something that was the will of

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Speaker 1: God himself uh and would ultimately benefit all mankind. You

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Speaker 1: can't argue with God and the benefit of all mankind,

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Speaker 1: I would say, Um, it was a sacrifice they were

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Speaker 1: asking these people to make for the future safety of

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Speaker 1: the entire world. And so these small number of people

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Speaker 1: admittedly uh took off. They evacuated. They did. And now

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Speaker 1: remember here we're talking about a series of islands that

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Speaker 1: make up this thing that we call the Marshall Islands

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Speaker 1: or the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and they went

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Speaker 1: to one one little a toll and kicked people off

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Speaker 1: to do nuclear testing, which, as we all know, has

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Speaker 1: a bit of an area of effect. It's for the

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Speaker 1: greater good, though from from from the greater good. Well.

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Speaker 1: As an ad result of this, uh, pretty disingenuous approach, uh,

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Speaker 1: we learned that between ninety all the way up to

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Speaker 1: nineteen fifty eight, the United States ended up conducting no

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Speaker 1: less than sixty seven documented nuclear tests in the Marshal Islands.

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Speaker 1: It's just the nuclear test. The US conducted about twenty

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Speaker 1: three of these tests at Bikini a toll, and then

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Speaker 1: forty four near another atoll and a wattack. But the fallout,

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Speaker 1: to your point about the area of the of effect,

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Speaker 1: they'll fall out spread everywhere. It spread throughout the Marshall Islands.

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Speaker 1: And when we say we say test, we're not talking

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Speaker 1: about the nuclear equivalent of popping an m A D

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Speaker 1: or a flash bank. The overall yield of these tests,

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Speaker 1: due to one curve busting monstrous bomb, the overall yield

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Speaker 1: of these nuclear tests has been estimated to be to

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Speaker 1: work out to an average of one point seven Hiroshima

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Speaker 1: level detonations every day for twelve years. So this, this

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Speaker 1: is serious, This is unending Hiroshima. If you look at

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Speaker 1: the way, this is um this can be averaged across

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Speaker 1: the span of testing. And now with the benefit of retrospect,

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Speaker 1: we know much more about the tests than people did

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Speaker 1: during the time, even the people living there by the way,

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Speaker 1: who in some cases were not evacuated when the testing began.

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Speaker 1: So we're gonna pause for a word from our sponsors

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Speaker 1: and then will return. We're gonna dive deep into the

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Speaker 1: timeline and the specifics of these tests and why they

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Speaker 1: matter today. Okay, and we're back. We are still in

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Speaker 1: the Republic of the Marshall Islands, at least in the

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Speaker 1: present day. That's what it's known as. And we're going

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Speaker 1: to talk about something called Operation Crossroads, and that's what

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Speaker 1: we've been discussing here, the nuclear tests at the Bikinia

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Speaker 1: Toll and the nawak Atoll. So why would you do

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Speaker 1: nuclear testing there? We know that the United States had,

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Speaker 1: like in around that time in the forties, had been

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Speaker 1: testing nuclear weapons on American soil out there near Nevada,

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Speaker 1: in the testing grounds there and perhaps in a couple

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Speaker 1: other places. But you know, why would you go out

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Speaker 1: to a remote island to do this testing. Well, one

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Speaker 1: of the main reasons was because the military machine wanted

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Speaker 1: to know what happens to a naval vessel when a

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Speaker 1: nuclear explosion occurs. How far away does it have to

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Speaker 1: be to have any kind of effect, what are the

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Speaker 1: effects in general, and all these other questions that I'm

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Speaker 1: sure some some general had in their mind or some

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Speaker 1: admiral who wanted to know what was going to happen

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Speaker 1: in the future when a nuke went off nearer his vessel.

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Speaker 1: And I would imagine at a base level of secrecy

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Speaker 1: was very important here too, right, sure, yeah, you don't

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Speaker 1: want the American public, and to a degree, the martial

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Speaker 1: Ease public, to be able to raise a hand and say, hey,

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Speaker 1: this is crazy. We live in this area. Uh the

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Speaker 1: there's there are a couple of other advantages that were

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Speaker 1: nearby military bases. Uh. This area is also you know,

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Speaker 1: this is pre satellite surveillance nets, So this area is

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Speaker 1: also more difficult for enemy forces to to observe. Right,

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Speaker 1: everybody's gonna sense or figure out a nuclear detonation of

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Speaker 1: the this size. It's kind of a disturbance in the

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Speaker 1: force vibe at this level of energy. But they also

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Speaker 1: they also, we're doing a Nimby thing. Everybody knows that abbreviation.

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Speaker 1: Not in my backyard. The Trinity test did take place

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Speaker 1: in the heartland of America or the North American continent.

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Speaker 1: But now that we have discovered the process to make

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Speaker 1: a nuclear bomb, we want to build better ones. We

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Speaker 1: have to realize that post people are in post World

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Speaker 1: War two. Really, uh, the U. S. Public is going

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Speaker 1: to start asking increasingly difficult questions about why we're blowing

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Speaker 1: up stuff in our own country. So, not just the generals,

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Speaker 1: but the policy walks and Congress wanted to get in

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Speaker 1: front of this thing. And that's when they said, you know,

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Speaker 1: we've got this place. We can go nuts here. This

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Speaker 1: is this is the nuclear testing equivalent of Vegas, Baby roll.

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Speaker 1: The dice dropped the bombs, and that's exactly what they did.

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Speaker 1: And I asked you off, Mike, Um, you know, if

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Speaker 1: if we talked about this place being like an island, paradise, etcetera,

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Speaker 1: with such a low population. Um, And my question was

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Speaker 1: worth these are these transplants from other South Pacific nations

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Speaker 1: or are they would you consider these indigenous people? I

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Speaker 1: think the answer is a bit of both. But largely

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Speaker 1: it is they are indigenous people, correct, Yeah, yeah, so

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Speaker 1: they're Marshall's culture is part of the wider culture of Micronesia,

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Speaker 1: and if you look at the history of Marshalle's culture,

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Speaker 1: I don't know, we're kind of this is a little

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Speaker 1: off topic, but I'm going somewhere with this. We all

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Speaker 1: have friends in New York, and if you're not from

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Speaker 1: New York, or even if you are from the Big Apple,

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Speaker 1: you're well aware that New York has this weird thing

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Speaker 1: about when one can be called a local, right and

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Speaker 1: not just a tourist. What's the threshold? Is it like

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Speaker 1: eight years or so? I don't know the actual official number,

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Speaker 1: but it's certainly more than a couple Yeah, and so

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Speaker 1: so there's it seems like that's a micro cosmic equivalent

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Speaker 1: of the larger question, which is when do people become

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Speaker 1: considered indigenous people? Right? We know that with most continents

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Speaker 1: and land masses in the world, there was a migration

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Speaker 1: at some point in ancient history. So as far as

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Speaker 1: the question of indigenous you know, the people who live

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Speaker 1: in the Marshall Islands have a very close relationship with

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Speaker 1: the land and the and the sea. It forms part

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Speaker 1: of the community and part of the culture. And it

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Speaker 1: looks like they were part of I said, the second

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Speaker 1: millennium BC. Uh, it looks like they were part of

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Speaker 1: that larger wave of human migration three thousand years ago

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Speaker 1: that spread across the western Pacific Ocean. So I would say,

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Speaker 1: I would say, you know, I'm not doing New York

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Speaker 1: rules here, far be it. But I feel like if

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Speaker 1: you've lived in an area for that long, you can

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Speaker 1: be considered native. Right, Oh, totally. We're talking generations and uh.

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Speaker 1: I I didn't know this going in. But you know,

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Speaker 1: when you say that we refer to them as the

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Speaker 1: Marshalese people, they also have uh, the Marshalese language. That's correct. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And so there. This is what we're establishing here, is

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Speaker 1: that the Marshall Islands were by no means some kind

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Speaker 1: of empty room or some kind of barren, uninhabited place

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Speaker 1: where these tests could occur without consequence. The first testing

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Speaker 1: in the Marshall Islands occurred during something called Operation Crossroads,

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Speaker 1: and that's what that's what Matt was just talking about, folks,

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Speaker 1: the idea that we need to investigate the effects of

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Speaker 1: nuclear weapons on naval warships because of course the US

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Speaker 1: is not well, it's many things, but it's not foolish.

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Speaker 1: It's not naive enough to think that nuclear weapons will

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Speaker 1: stay a US joint for a long time. Other people

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Speaker 1: want the new toy, right, and when they get the

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Speaker 1: new toy, they're going to use it to break the

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Speaker 1: toys of their arrivals, like battleships, carriers, etcetera. So we

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Speaker 1: have to find out what happens before we see it

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Speaker 1: in the field. So well, and in some of the

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Speaker 1: some of the stuff surrounding the ear the early Operation Crossroads,

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Speaker 1: the actual testing that they did, there's some weird stuff,

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Speaker 1: and it's hard to imagine this was a spectacle, you know,

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Speaker 1: you think of nuclear testing. At least in the beginning

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Speaker 1: there it was a very secretive thing. We talked about

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Speaker 1: that you you can't let anyone know that we're testing

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Speaker 1: this weapon. You don't want your arrivals to know. But

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Speaker 1: as we got into really the thick of Operation Crossroads,

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Speaker 1: the US has already dropped a nuclear weapon to nuclear

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Speaker 1: weapons on a another country. And at this point it's

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Speaker 1: almost as if the US is wants to publicly show

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Speaker 1: the might again. But you do not hurt anybody just

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Speaker 1: to show that might off. So it's in the in

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Speaker 1: this one of the testing. I believe it's called able

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Speaker 1: shot or uh, I think shot able. Uh. They invited

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Speaker 1: a ton of people out to watch this thing. They

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Speaker 1: invited the press to come out. Hey, film this thing,

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Speaker 1: take pictures, Hey check this out. Let's talk about this,

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Speaker 1: Let's get in the news, so that, in my opinion,

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Speaker 1: so our allies and our enemies will notice similar to

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Speaker 1: a military demonstration, well, I mean it is basically military

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Speaker 1: demonstration with a little bit with a with a lab

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Speaker 1: coat on and a big, big bang. So shot Able

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Speaker 1: occurs on July one. This allowed various US authorities to

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Speaker 1: confirm the power of these weapons, and they determined some

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Speaker 1: scary stuff. They said, Wow, if there were any soldiers

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Speaker 1: on any ships up to a mile away from this explosion,

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Speaker 1: they would be killed instantly, no takebacks, no worries about

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Speaker 1: the lingering effects of radiation. It's just flipping off like

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Speaker 1: a very violent light switch. And then they followed up

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Speaker 1: with the shot Baker test later that month on July.

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Speaker 1: These these tests were the first time the US had

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Speaker 1: tested nuclear weapons since the days of Trinity in nine

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Speaker 1: and they were also the first nuclear detonations since you

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Speaker 1: know those days in August when Little Boy and Fat

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Speaker 1: Man were dropped over Nagasaki and Hiroshima. And when Operations

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Speaker 1: Crossroads ended, it was on August tenth. And get this,

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Speaker 1: they ended it because of very valid, pressing, terrifying concerns

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Speaker 1: over radiation and the effects radiation could have on the

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Speaker 1: human body. But they were worried about the human bodies

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Speaker 1: of soldiers they wear in a lot of people on

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Speaker 1: Uncle Sam's side saying ah, yeah, what about the people

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Speaker 1: who live here for longer than a tour of duty.

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Speaker 1: They also didn't worry about all the live animals that

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Speaker 1: they loaded onto the ships when they detonated the nukes

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Speaker 1: either to see what would happen was Ark style, Like

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Speaker 1: why were they was this to see the effects of

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Speaker 1: the radiation on the animals the blast and the radiation.

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Speaker 1: I mean, how do you think they figured out that

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Speaker 1: the soldiers would be killed instantly? Pigs, goats, and mice,

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Speaker 1: I think specifically? Okay, so the opposite of Noah's Ark

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Speaker 1: style basically, yeah, load onto a boat and kill them

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Speaker 1: all and see, well, well, see what will happen? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's the phrase they let's see what will happen, which

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Speaker 1: is You know, it's a it's a lot like um,

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Speaker 1: if you went to if you went to court for

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Speaker 1: murder because you shot someone point blank and you said

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Speaker 1: your honor wasn't trying to hurt anybody. I wanted to

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Speaker 1: see what would happen for science, dude, you know, I know.

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Speaker 1: H So this is this is a huge deal though,

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Speaker 1: and a lot of people in the US may be

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Speaker 1: aware of the testing, but there's not much attention being

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Speaker 1: paid to the people who are living in the Marshall Islands.

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Speaker 1: And they kept going. They kept going because this was

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Speaker 1: a perfect storm of opportunity. Right there's a post World

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Speaker 1: War lull. Uh. There's a huge boom in industry and

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Speaker 1: technology in the US because it's one of the few

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Speaker 1: Western places that was able to preserve its uh infrastructure.

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Speaker 1: You know, large parts of Europe are destroyed, like not

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Speaker 1: decades and decades of productivity were gone in an instant. Uh.

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Speaker 1: So they also didn't have a lot of people who

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Speaker 1: could stop them. That was key. We we've heard that

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Speaker 1: they evacuated or that these people I guess willingly evacuated

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Speaker 1: like hundred and sixty seven something people. And we're talking

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Speaker 1: about a collection of islands you know in the thousand,

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Speaker 1: are not in the thousands but over a thousand. So

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Speaker 1: how far would this site have been from like whatever

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Speaker 1: the metro center I believe Majora? How far would this

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Speaker 1: have been geographically from there? So the distance from Bikini

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Speaker 1: to Majora is eight hundred and twenty seven kilometers as

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Speaker 1: the crow flies, that works out to five fourteen miles,

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Speaker 1: got it, And the this is still by the way

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Speaker 1: that that might sound like it's a long way away,

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Speaker 1: but we have to remember these are nuclear weapons, and

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Speaker 1: there are multiple tests, so there is an aggregate cumulative

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Speaker 1: effect here. After operations Crossroads ends due to those concerns

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Speaker 1: about radiation for the soldiers. Only, Uh well, let's fast forward.

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Speaker 1: There's still tests going on. Nine. Then President Truman decides

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Speaker 1: that we're going to increase research into thermon nuclear weapons

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Speaker 1: because of our new freendemy, the USSR, and that the conflict,

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Speaker 1: the Cold War conflict was already kind of brewing towards

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Speaker 1: the end of World War two. Of course, uh so

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Speaker 1: to do this, to increase this amount of research, we

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Speaker 1: necessarily increase the amount of nuclear testing. And it turns

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Speaker 1: out we have one place, one place where we love

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Speaker 1: to test all these world ending toys. It's still the

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Speaker 1: Marshall Islands. So something called Operation Greenhouse begins in nineteen

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Speaker 1: fifty one, and then it goes to Operation Ivy in

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Speaker 1: November of nineteen fifty two. I don't know whether the

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Speaker 1: band is named after that, folks, but I had the

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Speaker 1: same question. Let's think about the same thing. I bet you,

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Speaker 1: I bet you they named it after the operation. I

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Speaker 1: would guess, But who knows, who knows? Who knows? But

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Speaker 1: you know, some of their songs still hold up. So

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Speaker 1: Shot Mike, you know, we had, we had those other

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Speaker 1: things we mentioned earlier. Shot Able. For instance, there's another

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Speaker 1: one called Shot Mike. It is the world's first known

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Speaker 1: successful test of a hydrogen bomb. And then, just a

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Speaker 1: little bit later, on November six, Uncle Sam conducted what

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Speaker 1: it called the King Shot, which sounds like a really

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Speaker 1: a really heavy tourist drink you would get in a

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Speaker 1: New Orleans bar or something. It also sounds like like

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Speaker 1: vaguely Hamiltonian. I don't know why, just because of the King.

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Speaker 1: And I'm not gonna I'm not gonna throw away my shot,

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Speaker 1: you know and all that? Yeah, oh yeah for sure, man,

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Speaker 1: And um, I don't mean to pull away from that stuff.

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Speaker 1: I just want to remind everybody the difference between an

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Speaker 1: atomic weapon like the ones that were dropped on Japan

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Speaker 1: versus what we're just now introducing here a hydrogen bomb.

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Speaker 1: Really the best way to think about it is the

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Speaker 1: scar aale of destruction and the radius at which leaf

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Speaker 1: that like instant lethality occurs. So if you can imagine

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Speaker 1: that when a nuclear weapon was dropped on Japan around

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Speaker 1: I think it's a radius of about a mile, people

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Speaker 1: were killed fairly instantly when or instantly when it was

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Speaker 1: dropped with a with a hydrogen bomb, you could increase

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Speaker 1: that by about five times or ten times, so like

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Speaker 1: five miles maybe ten miles in a radius where people

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Speaker 1: would just be instantly killed. Um, Just so everyone is aware,

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Speaker 1: especially when we're talking about proximity to the other people

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Speaker 1: who lived on the Marshall Islands, which is huge. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's very good point. It's very important distinction too. So

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Speaker 1: we're going to pause for a brief word from our

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Speaker 1: sponsors and then will return with the story of the

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Speaker 1: largest test, the one that is the reason we're looking

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Speaker 1: at an average of one point five Hiroshima's every day

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Speaker 1: for twelve years, and the inevitable fallout and the inevitable falling.

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Speaker 1: We've returned not to one, but to March first, ninety four,

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Speaker 1: the debut of something called code name Bravo, which is

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Speaker 1: objectively a really cool name for a terrible thing. It's

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Speaker 1: I think it's cool name. So the US conducted the

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Speaker 1: largest nuclear debtonation that country has ever conducted, even now

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Speaker 1: in the modern day, largest ever full stop on Uncle

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Speaker 1: Sam's part, it was called Castle Bravo. This took place

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Speaker 1: at the Bikinia Toll on March one uh and Bravo

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Speaker 1: was a fifteen mega ton hydrogen bomb that is alone

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Speaker 1: the equivalent of Horosha muh one thousand times. This was

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Speaker 1: only one of a series of thermonuclear tests, but it's

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Speaker 1: it's the big one, and it wasn't supposed to be this.

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Speaker 1: We talked about remember earlier and open skies. We talked

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Speaker 1: about how many close calls the human species has had,

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Speaker 1: especially with nuclear weapons, and we were talking specifically about

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Speaker 1: breakdowns and communication or interpretation of what other countries are

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Speaker 1: saying or signaling. In this case, we screwed it up

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Speaker 1: entirely on our own. This was the first device of

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Speaker 1: its kind we had the calculations. We thought our math

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Speaker 1: was solid, but we were so very wrong. And we,

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Speaker 1: meaning the scientists conducting this test, got got the math

429
00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:57,120
Speaker 1: so screwed up that when the bomb was detonated, it

430
00:28:57,120 --> 00:29:01,040
Speaker 1: it's nuclear yield was more than double what they had

431
00:29:01,040 --> 00:29:06,720
Speaker 1: planned for or expected as consequences. Wolf, That's all I

432
00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:09,160
Speaker 1: got to say about that. How do you how do

433
00:29:09,200 --> 00:29:14,760
Speaker 1: you miscalculate that that much? Uh, it's a new technology,

434
00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:18,200
Speaker 1: and you know they're they're testing, right, that's what this

435
00:29:18,240 --> 00:29:21,440
Speaker 1: thing is for. And they just didn't realize what it

436
00:29:21,480 --> 00:29:23,320
Speaker 1: was gonna do, how how big it was going to be.

437
00:29:23,400 --> 00:29:25,280
Speaker 1: And and like you said, there were consequence has been

438
00:29:25,720 --> 00:29:31,840
Speaker 1: the fallout did drift over into two inhabited areas there

439
00:29:31,840 --> 00:29:36,000
Speaker 1: in the islands, and around two hundred men and women

440
00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:39,040
Speaker 1: and children were living in the places where that fallout

441
00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:43,480
Speaker 1: kind of just spread right on top of And you know,

442
00:29:43,520 --> 00:29:46,560
Speaker 1: it's one of those things we've kind of been setting

443
00:29:46,640 --> 00:29:49,280
Speaker 1: up this the whole episode, right of the dangers here

444
00:29:49,360 --> 00:29:53,800
Speaker 1: for the inhabitants of these islands, and it happened one

445
00:29:53,880 --> 00:29:59,760
Speaker 1: aunt all Wrongloup. The people there found themselves instantly heavily

446
00:29:59,800 --> 00:30:03,480
Speaker 1: of acted by the fallout, and there of course their

447
00:30:03,600 --> 00:30:07,520
Speaker 1: ecosystem is affected too. And just just to clarify, these

448
00:30:07,520 --> 00:30:12,360
Speaker 1: are initial uh, physical effects, not like long term stuff

449
00:30:12,400 --> 00:30:15,280
Speaker 1: like we hear about with other you know, like the

450
00:30:14,920 --> 00:30:20,840
Speaker 1: the big picture of radiation. These are direct burns um

451
00:30:20,920 --> 00:30:25,560
Speaker 1: you know, on people's bodies, uh, and very quick onset

452
00:30:25,560 --> 00:30:32,080
Speaker 1: of radiation diseases. Yeah, exactly. So when you're talking about widespread,

453
00:30:32,120 --> 00:30:36,040
Speaker 1: heavy contamination like this, you think of it in terms

454
00:30:36,240 --> 00:30:40,280
Speaker 1: of either two clocks, or maybe it's better to think

455
00:30:40,360 --> 00:30:42,800
Speaker 1: of it in terms of the hour hand and the

456
00:30:42,880 --> 00:30:46,800
Speaker 1: minute hand. So the stuff that happens first, those consequences,

457
00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:51,520
Speaker 1: the burns, the sickness, the radiation poisoning, that's the minute hand,

458
00:30:51,600 --> 00:30:55,640
Speaker 1: and it's going tick tick tick, and you're seeing the results.

459
00:30:55,640 --> 00:30:59,800
Speaker 1: But the bill really comes due with what the what

460
00:31:00,000 --> 00:31:02,880
Speaker 1: who called the hour hand, which is the long tail

461
00:31:03,200 --> 00:31:06,600
Speaker 1: effects of these things, which are very serious and can

462
00:31:06,720 --> 00:31:11,280
Speaker 1: take decades to manifest. And that's a problem for the

463
00:31:11,360 --> 00:31:14,480
Speaker 1: victims in these situations because then it makes it a

464
00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:18,480
Speaker 1: little more difficult to prove that someone is suffering from

465
00:31:18,480 --> 00:31:21,720
Speaker 1: a medical condition because of something that happened twenty years ago.

466
00:31:21,920 --> 00:31:24,320
Speaker 1: You know what I meant, a lot of room for

467
00:31:24,520 --> 00:31:29,960
Speaker 1: unethical defense lawyers to play ball on that field. So

468
00:31:31,680 --> 00:31:34,960
Speaker 1: add to this, the military, the U. S Military did

469
00:31:35,000 --> 00:31:39,240
Speaker 1: evacuate these residents as well. About two days after the

470
00:31:39,320 --> 00:31:43,640
Speaker 1: test is when they got around to it. And uh,

471
00:31:43,840 --> 00:31:47,480
Speaker 1: the people of the Marshall Islands, the Marshal Ease were

472
00:31:47,600 --> 00:31:51,160
Speaker 1: not informed of the potential dangers. It was all very much,

473
00:31:51,200 --> 00:31:53,280
Speaker 1: you know, glory to the greater good. We're making the

474
00:31:53,280 --> 00:31:56,840
Speaker 1: world a better place. You're sacrificing. But they were under

475
00:31:56,920 --> 00:31:59,320
Speaker 1: they were under the impression that the sacrifice they were

476
00:31:59,360 --> 00:32:02,880
Speaker 1: making was moving for a little while. It was a

477
00:32:02,960 --> 00:32:07,880
Speaker 1: very different sacrifice involved. A senator of the Marshal Islands

478
00:32:08,800 --> 00:32:13,720
Speaker 1: named Jetton and Jane explained the effects of Castle Bravo

479
00:32:14,120 --> 00:32:18,600
Speaker 1: in in a powerful and powerful and disturbing way. He says,

480
00:32:19,160 --> 00:32:23,200
Speaker 1: five hours after the detonation of this device, it began

481
00:32:23,280 --> 00:32:27,680
Speaker 1: to rain radioactive fallout. That wrong Lap the atoll was

482
00:32:27,760 --> 00:32:32,520
Speaker 1: covered with a fine white powder like substance. And listened

483
00:32:32,560 --> 00:32:36,360
Speaker 1: to this part. No one knew it was radioactive fallout.

484
00:32:36,840 --> 00:32:41,360
Speaker 1: The children played in the snow, they ate it. How

485
00:32:41,400 --> 00:32:44,960
Speaker 1: How would you know? How would you know? Yeah? Oh

486
00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:51,000
Speaker 1: that is rough, man, It just gets rougher. And the

487
00:32:51,040 --> 00:32:55,760
Speaker 1: people of Wrongelap came back, but officials and scientists that

488
00:32:55,800 --> 00:32:59,880
Speaker 1: we're working for the a c UM decided that radio

489
00:33:00,040 --> 00:33:04,320
Speaker 1: shan was still at play and and still very much

490
00:33:04,400 --> 00:33:07,360
Speaker 1: a problem. Well, yeah, as we said, I mean, that's

491
00:33:07,400 --> 00:33:11,000
Speaker 1: not that's not enough time. Three years as we said this,

492
00:33:11,480 --> 00:33:13,280
Speaker 1: and we're gonna talk about later. The stuff comes in

493
00:33:13,440 --> 00:33:15,920
Speaker 1: twenty years later as cancer and in birth effects and

494
00:33:16,000 --> 00:33:19,280
Speaker 1: all of the terrible things. Yeah, so there's this. Uh,

495
00:33:19,440 --> 00:33:21,880
Speaker 1: there's a later report that comes out in two thousand four,

496
00:33:22,360 --> 00:33:25,240
Speaker 1: and it found between the years of nineteen forty six

497
00:33:25,320 --> 00:33:29,280
Speaker 1: and nineteen fifty eight, the the full amount of contamination

498
00:33:29,680 --> 00:33:32,080
Speaker 1: that would have been generated there was in an excess

499
00:33:33,640 --> 00:33:38,360
Speaker 1: of five hundred and thirty cancers. Yes, what that means

500
00:33:38,640 --> 00:33:43,360
Speaker 1: is in that in that estimate, in that analysis, they said, okay,

501
00:33:43,400 --> 00:33:47,120
Speaker 1: what are the average incidents of cancer in the population,

502
00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:49,600
Speaker 1: If all things are the same in this test never happened,

503
00:33:50,480 --> 00:33:55,360
Speaker 1: can we tell whether this radiation increased cancer? And the

504
00:33:55,400 --> 00:34:00,520
Speaker 1: answer is, guess, five hundred and thirty times. People are

505
00:34:00,560 --> 00:34:03,360
Speaker 1: just people are more and more likely to get cancer

506
00:34:03,640 --> 00:34:06,040
Speaker 1: that we can trace back in two thousand and four,

507
00:34:06,280 --> 00:34:09,919
Speaker 1: and again it's a little difficult as time passes. So

508
00:34:10,080 --> 00:34:14,320
Speaker 1: that number is probably it's probably lower. Uh, that estimate

509
00:34:14,360 --> 00:34:17,520
Speaker 1: is probably lower than the actual number. I mean to say.

510
00:34:17,680 --> 00:34:22,400
Speaker 1: And two thousand five, the National Cancer Institute said the

511
00:34:22,600 --> 00:34:26,200
Speaker 1: risk of contracting cancer for people exposed to this fallout

512
00:34:26,640 --> 00:34:30,279
Speaker 1: like your chance of getting cancer after this one out

513
00:34:30,280 --> 00:34:33,439
Speaker 1: of three. That means that if the three of us

514
00:34:33,640 --> 00:34:36,239
Speaker 1: on stuff that wants you to know today were in

515
00:34:36,320 --> 00:34:38,839
Speaker 1: the Marshal Islands at that time, one of us would

516
00:34:38,880 --> 00:34:43,880
Speaker 1: get cancer. And those are terrible, terrible odds. Two or

517
00:34:43,880 --> 00:34:46,480
Speaker 1: three decades after the testing ended, this is where the

518
00:34:46,520 --> 00:34:52,000
Speaker 1: hour hand begins to tick multiple like many many adult

519
00:34:52,360 --> 00:34:58,839
Speaker 1: citizens of the Marshal Islands developed cancerous thyroid nodules, an

520
00:34:58,840 --> 00:35:02,920
Speaker 1: associated health risk increase as well. I mean, your community

521
00:35:02,960 --> 00:35:06,000
Speaker 1: is shattered. You have to leave the home where you

522
00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:10,480
Speaker 1: know generations before you lived, and that gives you stress.

523
00:35:10,680 --> 00:35:15,040
Speaker 1: People have PTSD. That also, coupled with some other social

524
00:35:15,120 --> 00:35:18,680
Speaker 1: factors like the importation of Western diet with the military,

525
00:35:18,920 --> 00:35:23,080
Speaker 1: leads to diabetes, obesity, things that do not help you.

526
00:35:23,239 --> 00:35:27,040
Speaker 1: If you are contracting cancer and living in an I

527
00:35:27,120 --> 00:35:34,360
Speaker 1: radiated area. It's um. It's rough because later the National

528
00:35:34,760 --> 00:35:39,480
Speaker 1: Cancer Institute comes back in and they say, and we

529
00:35:39,560 --> 00:35:45,560
Speaker 1: looked at all the cancer between the Marshal Islands and

530
00:35:45,600 --> 00:35:49,719
Speaker 1: we The Cancer Institute reports found one point six of

531
00:35:49,719 --> 00:35:52,520
Speaker 1: all cancers at least during this time period in the

532
00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:58,360
Speaker 1: Marshall Islands are directly attributable to radiation from nuclear testing.

533
00:35:58,760 --> 00:36:02,520
Speaker 1: What this means is that the US, no, I won't

534
00:36:02,520 --> 00:36:06,239
Speaker 1: say on purpose, but the US, through negligence, gave these

535
00:36:06,239 --> 00:36:10,279
Speaker 1: innocent people cancer. There's no way around it. They would

536
00:36:10,360 --> 00:36:13,360
Speaker 1: not have had cancer if there have not been nuclear

537
00:36:13,400 --> 00:36:18,360
Speaker 1: weapons exploding so often for so long. Uh So, so

538
00:36:18,400 --> 00:36:22,200
Speaker 1: we're saying one point six of all cancers that were

539
00:36:22,200 --> 00:36:27,560
Speaker 1: developed on all of the islands, okay, because some places

540
00:36:27,600 --> 00:36:32,160
Speaker 1: got hit, uh hit much harder, right the Northern a Tolls.

541
00:36:33,080 --> 00:36:36,400
Speaker 1: The same study found that in the Northern Atrolls, fifty

542
00:36:36,520 --> 00:36:41,160
Speaker 1: five of all cancers are the result of this fallout,

543
00:36:41,239 --> 00:36:44,839
Speaker 1: more than half dan and that that one was specifically

544
00:36:44,880 --> 00:36:48,680
Speaker 1: just for the Castle Bravo test alone, the giant one

545
00:36:49,080 --> 00:36:53,239
Speaker 1: right right. Um, And then you know, moving on into

546
00:36:53,239 --> 00:36:57,279
Speaker 1: the seventies, the US does you know, agree that some

547
00:36:57,920 --> 00:37:01,600
Speaker 1: mistakes were made? I don't. Maybe maybe the implicated. They

548
00:37:01,600 --> 00:37:04,239
Speaker 1: didn't directly say it, but they did agree to clean

549
00:37:04,320 --> 00:37:07,240
Speaker 1: up the mess as much as possible, uh to clean

550
00:37:07,320 --> 00:37:11,319
Speaker 1: up the islands. UM. They took the crater from a

551
00:37:11,320 --> 00:37:15,360
Speaker 1: previous bomb test on Runnett Island UH. And this was

552
00:37:15,400 --> 00:37:17,640
Speaker 1: the Defense Nuclear Agency, by the way, and they built

553
00:37:17,719 --> 00:37:22,880
Speaker 1: a dome to store nuclear waste UM. And this is

554
00:37:22,960 --> 00:37:25,880
Speaker 1: you know, we we see this in other sites around

555
00:37:25,960 --> 00:37:29,160
Speaker 1: the United States, for example of the Savannah River site

556
00:37:29,239 --> 00:37:31,880
Speaker 1: and near Augusta, Georgia, where I grew up. UM is

557
00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:37,880
Speaker 1: a legacy UM containment site for UH spent nuclear weapons.

558
00:37:38,400 --> 00:37:40,960
Speaker 1: And they would store a lot of this material in

559
00:37:41,520 --> 00:37:44,960
Speaker 1: UH pits that they would dig in line and UM

560
00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:47,879
Speaker 1: you know, bury this stuff. And they realized over time

561
00:37:47,920 --> 00:37:50,799
Speaker 1: that some of those liners leaked and leached all of

562
00:37:50,840 --> 00:37:54,160
Speaker 1: that stuff into the soil. UH. They had a similar

563
00:37:54,560 --> 00:37:58,440
Speaker 1: response here. The Defense Nuclear Agency built this dome to

564
00:37:58,480 --> 00:38:02,200
Speaker 1: store the nuclear waste, and they built inside of it

565
00:38:02,239 --> 00:38:06,240
Speaker 1: a three seventy seven ft wide concrete enclosure that holds

566
00:38:06,280 --> 00:38:10,040
Speaker 1: more than three point one million cubic feet. So this

567
00:38:10,120 --> 00:38:13,479
Speaker 1: is a pit that is the equivalent of thirty five

568
00:38:13,520 --> 00:38:20,440
Speaker 1: Olympic sized swimming pools filled entirely with radioactive soil and

569
00:38:20,520 --> 00:38:26,360
Speaker 1: debris UM that contained lethal doses of plutonium, all directly

570
00:38:26,600 --> 00:38:30,920
Speaker 1: as a result of of the US activities here, and

571
00:38:31,040 --> 00:38:34,880
Speaker 1: it gets worse. This isn't this isn't just the nuclear

572
00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:40,160
Speaker 1: trash from marsh from the Marshall Islands test. The US

573
00:38:40,360 --> 00:38:44,040
Speaker 1: took stuff from Nevada and put it on a boat

574
00:38:44,560 --> 00:38:47,360
Speaker 1: and brought it there and buried it. Again, not in

575
00:38:47,440 --> 00:38:53,360
Speaker 1: my backyard. They nimbied this. This structure today is in

576
00:38:53,480 --> 00:38:58,839
Speaker 1: danger of collapsing. It is deteriorating over time, and the

577
00:38:58,920 --> 00:39:03,120
Speaker 1: big concern is that it could soon reach even more

578
00:39:03,160 --> 00:39:08,560
Speaker 1: of a crisis level due to the rising seas. It could. Uh,

579
00:39:08,600 --> 00:39:11,439
Speaker 1: you know, this was a problem with Fukushima as well,

580
00:39:11,480 --> 00:39:15,480
Speaker 1: when the ocean gets involved. Uh. Nuclear weapons are an

581
00:39:15,560 --> 00:39:21,680
Speaker 1: unstoppable force, but so is the ocean for now. And

582
00:39:21,680 --> 00:39:25,280
Speaker 1: and shout out, as our anonymous teacher pointed out, shout

583
00:39:25,280 --> 00:39:28,000
Speaker 1: out to the excellent work of the l A Times

584
00:39:28,200 --> 00:39:34,040
Speaker 1: reporting on this situation, because there there were we'll look

585
00:39:34,280 --> 00:39:36,760
Speaker 1: back at this in a second, but there's a solid

586
00:39:36,800 --> 00:39:39,520
Speaker 1: case that the US engaged in a series of cover

587
00:39:39,640 --> 00:39:41,680
Speaker 1: ups here. A lot of the stuff that they were

588
00:39:41,680 --> 00:39:44,279
Speaker 1: doing was classified at the time, and you could say,

589
00:39:44,320 --> 00:39:46,440
Speaker 1: of course I had to be because it was nuclear testing.

590
00:39:47,120 --> 00:39:50,680
Speaker 1: But they also found it was the LA Times who

591
00:39:50,800 --> 00:39:54,240
Speaker 1: found that the US had taken a hundred and thirty

592
00:39:54,360 --> 00:39:58,240
Speaker 1: tons of a radiated soil from a Nevada testing site

593
00:39:58,280 --> 00:40:01,359
Speaker 1: and dumped it there into a dome, and they had

594
00:40:01,440 --> 00:40:06,200
Speaker 1: also conducted biological weapons test so it wasn't just nuclear.

595
00:40:06,320 --> 00:40:08,480
Speaker 1: They were like, hey, well we've got this testing thing.

596
00:40:08,600 --> 00:40:11,320
Speaker 1: Let's you know, let's take the anthrax around around the

597
00:40:11,360 --> 00:40:14,200
Speaker 1: block first spin. Let's just we want to hurt anybody,

598
00:40:14,320 --> 00:40:17,239
Speaker 1: Let's just see what happens. Yeah, that's another thing that's

599
00:40:17,239 --> 00:40:23,440
Speaker 1: generally a no no exploding. Eventually, it's not always you know,

600
00:40:23,520 --> 00:40:26,960
Speaker 1: against international law to do that kind of thing, but

601
00:40:27,080 --> 00:40:30,080
Speaker 1: it's never a good look when you're seen testing biological

602
00:40:30,120 --> 00:40:34,160
Speaker 1: weapons and the bill comes due, you know. Nowadays it

603
00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:39,719
Speaker 1: is Nowadays there are computer models that have the they're

604
00:40:39,719 --> 00:40:43,239
Speaker 1: sophisticated enough to predict some of the stuff that you

605
00:40:43,280 --> 00:40:48,200
Speaker 1: could in the past only find out through actual physical testing.

606
00:40:48,880 --> 00:40:52,200
Speaker 1: But still there's there's not really an excuse for it

607
00:40:52,480 --> 00:40:55,600
Speaker 1: because again, people live there and you can still see

608
00:40:55,600 --> 00:40:59,440
Speaker 1: the dome today. Locals call it the tomb. It's been

609
00:40:59,480 --> 00:41:03,480
Speaker 1: described is a nuclear coffin burying the secrets of the

610
00:41:03,560 --> 00:41:07,360
Speaker 1: US as well. Officials in the Marshall Islands lobbied the

611
00:41:07,440 --> 00:41:12,040
Speaker 1: US government multiple times for help. American officials initially declined

612
00:41:12,080 --> 00:41:15,040
Speaker 1: to help with this clean up. They said, get this, Well,

613
00:41:15,080 --> 00:41:18,080
Speaker 1: the dome is on marshal Ease Land, and you know,

614
00:41:18,200 --> 00:41:21,960
Speaker 1: post nineteen seventy nine, you're a sovereign country. Uh so

615
00:41:22,040 --> 00:41:26,200
Speaker 1: therefore it's the responsibility of your sovereign government. Hashtag not it.

616
00:41:27,160 --> 00:41:30,520
Speaker 1: That land is your land, that lands not my land,

617
00:41:30,840 --> 00:41:37,719
Speaker 1: just because we tested. Sorry, that's perfect. That sucks. That

618
00:41:37,880 --> 00:41:44,480
Speaker 1: song sucks. Uhly, God, No, it's true that I mean,

619
00:41:44,800 --> 00:41:48,600
Speaker 1: oh wow wow. Talk about like a Little Red Hand

620
00:41:48,640 --> 00:41:52,160
Speaker 1: type situation. You remember that fable where all the other

621
00:41:52,200 --> 00:41:54,080
Speaker 1: ants like a reverse little red hand, where all the

622
00:41:54,080 --> 00:41:56,959
Speaker 1: other animals wanted to eat the bread that the little

623
00:41:56,960 --> 00:41:59,360
Speaker 1: Red Hand spent all this time making, but at the

624
00:41:59,400 --> 00:42:01,360
Speaker 1: end she said, you can't have the bread because I

625
00:42:01,400 --> 00:42:03,399
Speaker 1: made it. This is literally the other way around, where

626
00:42:03,440 --> 00:42:07,200
Speaker 1: it's like you can't have the bread that we made.

627
00:42:07,640 --> 00:42:09,960
Speaker 1: That is going to kill you. Never mind, it's bad.

628
00:42:10,000 --> 00:42:12,359
Speaker 1: It's a bad analogy. No, No, I think it's it's good.

629
00:42:12,480 --> 00:42:15,160
Speaker 1: I've got a bad one too, or at the very least,

630
00:42:15,239 --> 00:42:21,880
Speaker 1: it's crass. Uh. It's disturbingly similar to someone like two

631
00:42:21,920 --> 00:42:28,280
Speaker 1: people hooking up and Uh, someone saying, hey, in addition

632
00:42:28,360 --> 00:42:33,000
Speaker 1: to ruining my apartment when we hooked up, I think

633
00:42:33,280 --> 00:42:36,840
Speaker 1: I am pregnant, and then the other person saying, you

634
00:42:36,920 --> 00:42:40,400
Speaker 1: will be a fantastic single mother, and I wish you

635
00:42:40,440 --> 00:42:43,359
Speaker 1: the best of luck with your apartment. Uh. And in

636
00:42:43,400 --> 00:42:50,040
Speaker 1: this case, obviously, the child is nuclear waste. That's what happened. Boy,

637
00:42:50,200 --> 00:42:51,759
Speaker 1: are we gonna get in trouble for that one? Do

638
00:42:51,760 --> 00:42:54,319
Speaker 1: we need? No? No, I know it's good. I don't.

639
00:42:54,520 --> 00:42:56,399
Speaker 1: I don't. I think it's it's it's better than mine.

640
00:42:57,160 --> 00:43:00,000
Speaker 1: And it paints a good it paints a disturbing picture

641
00:43:00,080 --> 00:43:04,800
Speaker 1: been yoursle right, the child is nuclear waste, and yeah,

642
00:43:04,880 --> 00:43:07,040
Speaker 1: it's like we're not going to give you anything. We're

643
00:43:07,040 --> 00:43:09,560
Speaker 1: not gonna help you. In fact, that they went even further.

644
00:43:10,000 --> 00:43:12,240
Speaker 1: The folks that were left to clean up our mess

645
00:43:13,440 --> 00:43:16,239
Speaker 1: weren't even helped in the in the most basic ways,

646
00:43:16,280 --> 00:43:18,040
Speaker 1: which you think they would at least provide them some

647
00:43:18,120 --> 00:43:21,120
Speaker 1: kind of protective equipment. You know, has matt suits or

648
00:43:21,120 --> 00:43:23,920
Speaker 1: what have you rat rat suits if you're a Fallout fan.

649
00:43:24,680 --> 00:43:29,239
Speaker 1: But no, not not even that. So there is there

650
00:43:29,320 --> 00:43:32,440
Speaker 1: is an argument to be made where you could say, well,

651
00:43:32,719 --> 00:43:36,239
Speaker 1: maybe this was just a matter of not knowing the

652
00:43:36,320 --> 00:43:41,040
Speaker 1: full extent or the full potential danger of this kind

653
00:43:41,080 --> 00:43:45,080
Speaker 1: of exposure, because again this was early in the days

654
00:43:45,160 --> 00:43:49,960
Speaker 1: of nuclear testing. But how much water does that hold?

655
00:43:50,000 --> 00:43:53,600
Speaker 1: How much nuclear waste fits in that rationalization, dome I

656
00:43:53,640 --> 00:43:57,000
Speaker 1: would say not a ton, especially when consider that the

657
00:43:57,080 --> 00:44:00,960
Speaker 1: journalists at the Times dove deep into the They interviewed

658
00:44:01,000 --> 00:44:04,239
Speaker 1: every martial ease US official who had talked to them

659
00:44:04,239 --> 00:44:07,680
Speaker 1: about this. They went through thousands and thousands and thousands

660
00:44:07,680 --> 00:44:11,759
Speaker 1: of declassified documents, and they found that the US did

661
00:44:11,920 --> 00:44:17,040
Speaker 1: know some key pieces of information here, and they purposely

662
00:44:17,160 --> 00:44:20,719
Speaker 1: withheld it from the government of the Marshall Islands. So

663
00:44:20,760 --> 00:44:24,360
Speaker 1: they didn't tell them about the weapon testing program. They

664
00:44:24,360 --> 00:44:27,600
Speaker 1: didn't tell them about the stuff that was actually inside

665
00:44:27,600 --> 00:44:30,680
Speaker 1: this dome UH. And the reason they didn't tell them,

666
00:44:30,719 --> 00:44:33,600
Speaker 1: the reason they covered it up, is because they were

667
00:44:33,640 --> 00:44:38,560
Speaker 1: pushing to sign a deal in nineteen eight six that

668
00:44:38,640 --> 00:44:43,320
Speaker 1: would release the US government from any further liability regarding

669
00:44:43,760 --> 00:44:48,760
Speaker 1: these UH, these tests, and this this deal is important,

670
00:44:48,760 --> 00:44:51,440
Speaker 1: it's still ongoing. But under this deal they were supposed

671
00:44:51,440 --> 00:44:55,759
Speaker 1: to pay settlements, right pay fines and also helped the

672
00:44:55,800 --> 00:44:59,720
Speaker 1: population of the country while also cleaning up and payting

673
00:44:59,800 --> 00:45:04,360
Speaker 1: for a clean up. Right. So there's another study that

674
00:45:04,520 --> 00:45:07,600
Speaker 1: was published by Columbia University scientists and they found that

675
00:45:07,719 --> 00:45:12,520
Speaker 1: levels of radiation in certain parts of the Marshall Islands

676
00:45:12,560 --> 00:45:18,800
Speaker 1: even today rival the radiation levels found at Chernobyl and Fukushima.

677
00:45:18,840 --> 00:45:23,640
Speaker 1: I would also argue that the the siloing and withholding

678
00:45:23,680 --> 00:45:30,319
Speaker 1: of information rivals Chernobyl. Yeah, information control sometimes it's a

679
00:45:30,360 --> 00:45:33,440
Speaker 1: necessary thing, but it's always it's always just so gross.

680
00:45:33,840 --> 00:45:36,799
Speaker 1: It's usually not necessary. It's a really tough thing. We've

681
00:45:36,840 --> 00:45:39,520
Speaker 1: got a story like this that is based on you know,

682
00:45:39,600 --> 00:45:47,760
Speaker 1: historical misdeeds or wrongdoing, like al right, wrongdoing by some country,

683
00:45:48,080 --> 00:45:52,120
Speaker 1: and then you can clearly trace the effects and the

684
00:45:52,239 --> 00:45:55,560
Speaker 1: problems to present day and the future. Where it's such

685
00:45:55,600 --> 00:45:59,560
Speaker 1: a long lasting issue. It's it isn't very often that

686
00:45:59,640 --> 00:46:02,399
Speaker 1: we we hit on one of those topics, and this

687
00:46:02,480 --> 00:46:06,719
Speaker 1: is certainly one, and it's I'm I'm just so grateful

688
00:46:06,800 --> 00:46:10,760
Speaker 1: to our listener who put us onto this, and my goodness,

689
00:46:11,520 --> 00:46:13,480
Speaker 1: maybe we can find a way to help in some way.

690
00:46:13,520 --> 00:46:15,359
Speaker 1: I don't know how, but I don't know what we do.

691
00:46:15,400 --> 00:46:18,680
Speaker 1: We don't have the resources. Well, yeah, we don't have

692
00:46:18,800 --> 00:46:21,719
Speaker 1: much experience cleaning up nuclear waste, which I've always thought

693
00:46:21,800 --> 00:46:26,880
Speaker 1: is a is a um a weak point of our podcast. Um,

694
00:46:26,920 --> 00:46:29,959
Speaker 1: I would agree with you there, Ben, Yeah, but we uh,

695
00:46:30,040 --> 00:46:35,719
Speaker 1: we do know that there is an official holiday coming up,

696
00:46:35,760 --> 00:46:39,680
Speaker 1: the Remembrance Day on March two every year, which honors

697
00:46:39,719 --> 00:46:45,239
Speaker 1: the victims and the survivors of nuclear testing. Throw a

698
00:46:45,280 --> 00:46:50,560
Speaker 1: holiday at it, right, Well, it raises visibility at least,

699
00:46:50,640 --> 00:46:55,160
Speaker 1: you can say that now if you if you are

700
00:46:55,200 --> 00:46:57,319
Speaker 1: a resident of the US and you want to see

701
00:46:57,360 --> 00:47:01,040
Speaker 1: further US action in this area, you can always right

702
00:47:01,120 --> 00:47:06,280
Speaker 1: to your local representatives. Uh. Your individual results may vary

703
00:47:06,560 --> 00:47:11,600
Speaker 1: in that regard, unfortunately. Uh. But the facts, the facts

704
00:47:11,600 --> 00:47:15,480
Speaker 1: are the same. Areas of the Marshall Islands have radiation

705
00:47:15,560 --> 00:47:18,279
Speaker 1: levels that are almost double of what is safe for

706
00:47:18,520 --> 00:47:24,560
Speaker 1: human human habitation overall. As time passes, the islands are

707
00:47:24,600 --> 00:47:30,840
Speaker 1: slowly becoming less radioactive as long as that dome doesn't crack. Right. Um,

708
00:47:30,880 --> 00:47:34,040
Speaker 1: but we If you ask somebody, when will the Marshal

709
00:47:34,080 --> 00:47:38,920
Speaker 1: Islands be free of radiation? When can people return to

710
00:47:38,960 --> 00:47:42,640
Speaker 1: bi Kenya toll? The answer is really, I don't know.

711
00:47:43,120 --> 00:47:47,120
Speaker 1: No one, No one is sure. The capital city we

712
00:47:47,200 --> 00:47:50,600
Speaker 1: mentioned is overcrowded due to ritings and sea levels and

713
00:47:51,120 --> 00:47:55,799
Speaker 1: dozens of other things. It's becoming increasingly polluted. Their clean

714
00:47:55,880 --> 00:47:59,080
Speaker 1: up efforts that continuous, were recording the show today, and

715
00:47:59,520 --> 00:48:03,200
Speaker 1: the marsh Ali's government continues to rightly, I would say,

716
00:48:03,280 --> 00:48:07,319
Speaker 1: advocate for compensation. Why is this important now? Why are

717
00:48:07,360 --> 00:48:10,600
Speaker 1: the events of more than half a century ago still

718
00:48:10,600 --> 00:48:17,040
Speaker 1: relevant today? Well aside from the radiation, that six deal

719
00:48:17,560 --> 00:48:23,279
Speaker 1: comes up for renegotiation in Tree. So there is a

720
00:48:23,320 --> 00:48:27,239
Speaker 1: goal or milestone to push your representatives for if you

721
00:48:27,280 --> 00:48:30,279
Speaker 1: think the U should be doing more in regards to this.

722
00:48:30,440 --> 00:48:33,799
Speaker 1: And again, look, we're just being honest here. We're not

723
00:48:33,840 --> 00:48:35,880
Speaker 1: doing a hit piece on the United States. These are

724
00:48:35,920 --> 00:48:39,040
Speaker 1: just facts. This was a real conspiracy. Where do these

725
00:48:39,160 --> 00:48:43,719
Speaker 1: territories fall in terms of, you know, legislative representation. It's

726
00:48:43,719 --> 00:48:48,200
Speaker 1: a good question. So again, since nineteen seventy nine, the

727
00:48:48,239 --> 00:48:52,920
Speaker 1: Republic of the Marshall Islands has been a sovereign country. However,

728
00:48:53,000 --> 00:48:56,839
Speaker 1: due to the nature of the relationship between the US

729
00:48:56,920 --> 00:48:59,680
Speaker 1: and the Marshall Islands, if you're from the Marshall Islands,

730
00:48:59,760 --> 00:49:02,920
Speaker 1: you can travel to the US very easily. In theory

731
00:49:03,000 --> 00:49:06,440
Speaker 1: or legally, it's very easy, and the same if you

732
00:49:06,480 --> 00:49:09,160
Speaker 1: are a US citizen who decides to go to the

733
00:49:09,200 --> 00:49:11,839
Speaker 1: Marshall Islands. So it's kind of a gray area then

734
00:49:11,880 --> 00:49:14,919
Speaker 1: almost right, Well, it's part of it is the that

735
00:49:15,520 --> 00:49:17,399
Speaker 1: thing we mentioned at the top, the fact that it's

736
00:49:17,440 --> 00:49:21,279
Speaker 1: what's called an associated state, so they have kind of

737
00:49:21,360 --> 00:49:25,400
Speaker 1: a special unilateral deal, so we can do what we

738
00:49:25,480 --> 00:49:29,000
Speaker 1: will with them, but don't really give them any protection

739
00:49:29,280 --> 00:49:33,400
Speaker 1: or representation. Yeah, it's similar to I mean, it's not

740
00:49:33,480 --> 00:49:36,680
Speaker 1: the same thing as a territory like Puerto Rico right

741
00:49:36,719 --> 00:49:40,719
Speaker 1: now is a territory, meaning that it does not have

742
00:49:41,280 --> 00:49:44,239
Speaker 1: the representation in the government that a state would have,

743
00:49:44,400 --> 00:49:47,280
Speaker 1: right and and the Marshall Islands doesn't have that either.

744
00:49:47,600 --> 00:49:51,280
Speaker 1: They do have embassies and um and of course a

745
00:49:51,320 --> 00:49:55,239
Speaker 1: big U. S military presence, but it's still kind of

746
00:49:55,680 --> 00:49:59,000
Speaker 1: it's still kind of World War two era United States

747
00:49:59,400 --> 00:50:03,399
Speaker 1: keeping that specific foothold, you know, for the next war.

748
00:50:03,840 --> 00:50:05,719
Speaker 1: And I'm sorry to to to harp on this, but

749
00:50:05,760 --> 00:50:09,239
Speaker 1: I mean, so doesn't that make our actions almost like

750
00:50:09,280 --> 00:50:12,799
Speaker 1: a form of like occupation, like to to go in

751
00:50:12,840 --> 00:50:15,479
Speaker 1: there and tell people to leave and just do these

752
00:50:15,520 --> 00:50:19,880
Speaker 1: tests like what's the legal framework that makes that not

753
00:50:20,040 --> 00:50:23,799
Speaker 1: a complete like active war or you know, I mean,

754
00:50:23,800 --> 00:50:25,680
Speaker 1: maybe that's overstating the case a little bit. But I'm

755
00:50:25,880 --> 00:50:30,279
Speaker 1: confused in terms of diplomacy, how we can justify what

756
00:50:30,320 --> 00:50:33,080
Speaker 1: we did even if it didn't cause all the problems

757
00:50:33,080 --> 00:50:36,160
Speaker 1: that it caused. Well, the art of diplomacy is the

758
00:50:36,280 --> 00:50:41,239
Speaker 1: art of finding a way to justify anything you please. Unfortunately, UH,

759
00:50:41,360 --> 00:50:44,839
Speaker 1: there's a big business. But at the time these testingcred

760
00:50:44,840 --> 00:50:48,720
Speaker 1: remember the Martial Islands were not yet a sovereign country.

761
00:50:48,920 --> 00:50:51,719
Speaker 1: That's right, got it. So the timeline, it gets a

762
00:50:51,719 --> 00:50:53,880
Speaker 1: little fuzzy. There's a lot, a lot of moving parts

763
00:50:53,880 --> 00:50:58,000
Speaker 1: in this one. But that fascinating and heartbreaking story. Yeah,

764
00:50:58,120 --> 00:51:00,480
Speaker 1: and this is where we're at. So there's a bunal

765
00:51:00,680 --> 00:51:05,640
Speaker 1: that is established that was established in two years after

766
00:51:05,719 --> 00:51:09,120
Speaker 1: that six agreement has been to keep an eye on

767
00:51:09,440 --> 00:51:12,320
Speaker 1: the payments and the compensation the US is supposed to offer.

768
00:51:13,640 --> 00:51:17,080
Speaker 1: They concluded that the US needs to pay two point

769
00:51:17,200 --> 00:51:21,080
Speaker 1: three billion dollars in claims. Congress and the U S

770
00:51:21,120 --> 00:51:24,560
Speaker 1: courts have refused. Uh, and documents show the US has

771
00:51:24,600 --> 00:51:27,839
Speaker 1: paid a grand total of mission control. Can we get

772
00:51:27,840 --> 00:51:34,560
Speaker 1: a drum roll? Four million dollars? Wolf? But you guys,

773
00:51:34,560 --> 00:51:37,560
Speaker 1: it's okay, it's all, it's all okay. None of that

774
00:51:37,640 --> 00:51:43,120
Speaker 1: matters because in the United States government concluded that all

775
00:51:43,160 --> 00:51:46,880
Speaker 1: of this stuff that leaking nuclear waste from the tombs

776
00:51:46,960 --> 00:51:49,920
Speaker 1: a k a. The dome, all that stuff is safe.

777
00:51:49,960 --> 00:51:52,320
Speaker 1: You don't even have to worry about it anymore because

778
00:51:53,120 --> 00:51:56,400
Speaker 1: don't even worry about it. Who thanks, Uncle Sam. I

779
00:51:56,480 --> 00:52:00,279
Speaker 1: feel great now. You know what, anyone any one out

780
00:52:00,280 --> 00:52:04,279
Speaker 1: there listening, I help one of you is like an

781
00:52:04,280 --> 00:52:08,960
Speaker 1: associate producer at John Oliver's show, I need you to

782
00:52:09,040 --> 00:52:11,520
Speaker 1: get John Oliver to do an episode on this because

783
00:52:11,600 --> 00:52:14,319
Speaker 1: if we do want to do something good for this,

784
00:52:14,440 --> 00:52:18,760
Speaker 1: to raise some awareness or to start some surreptitious uh

785
00:52:19,120 --> 00:52:22,120
Speaker 1: campaign to raise money without people realizing they're raising money

786
00:52:22,120 --> 00:52:24,600
Speaker 1: for the marshal these people, uh, he could do it.

787
00:52:25,640 --> 00:52:29,359
Speaker 1: No one can shame the US government into action like

788
00:52:29,440 --> 00:52:33,680
Speaker 1: John Oliver. Yeah. Yeah, big fans here, John, if you're listening,

789
00:52:34,840 --> 00:52:37,360
Speaker 1: And it always I don't know, you guys, it always

790
00:52:37,520 --> 00:52:39,960
Speaker 1: makes my day when over the time we've been doing

791
00:52:40,000 --> 00:52:44,360
Speaker 1: this show where we we end up doing an episode

792
00:52:44,440 --> 00:52:47,960
Speaker 1: and then later the rest of the world decides that

793
00:52:48,320 --> 00:52:52,200
Speaker 1: we're not crazy and it did matter. Like it doesn't

794
00:52:52,200 --> 00:52:54,040
Speaker 1: happen all the time, but it's a beautiful moment. Give

795
00:52:54,120 --> 00:52:56,359
Speaker 1: us that beautiful moment. John, if you, if you feel

796
00:52:56,400 --> 00:52:59,640
Speaker 1: so inclined and and help these, help the folks in

797
00:52:59,680 --> 00:53:03,640
Speaker 1: the more islands out You're right, met. That official report

798
00:53:03,760 --> 00:53:07,400
Speaker 1: did conclude that the nuclear dome is not in danger

799
00:53:07,440 --> 00:53:12,840
Speaker 1: of imminent collapse. But we have to remember island nations

800
00:53:13,160 --> 00:53:17,560
Speaker 1: are fighting rising sea levels and within our lifetime, so

801
00:53:17,560 --> 00:53:20,440
Speaker 1: it is quite possible that we may see a country

802
00:53:20,480 --> 00:53:25,719
Speaker 1: like the Maldives become entirely underwater and have to relocate

803
00:53:25,760 --> 00:53:30,800
Speaker 1: the entire concept of its country to another safer land mass.

804
00:53:31,080 --> 00:53:35,359
Speaker 1: Well and not not to you know, have to rose

805
00:53:35,480 --> 00:53:39,799
Speaker 1: colored glasses about it. But at least we are transitioning

806
00:53:39,800 --> 00:53:44,680
Speaker 1: into an administration that acknowledges the science of climate change

807
00:53:44,680 --> 00:53:47,680
Speaker 1: and rising sea levels and things like that at least,

808
00:53:48,320 --> 00:53:51,279
Speaker 1: but still denies that the nuclear waste. No, I'm just

809
00:53:51,280 --> 00:53:57,440
Speaker 1: trying the administration thinks about the dome. Well, okay, here's

810
00:53:57,520 --> 00:53:59,319
Speaker 1: the thing. And this is gonna make me sound very

811
00:53:59,320 --> 00:54:01,719
Speaker 1: cynical and may be a little bit too real politic.

812
00:54:03,960 --> 00:54:10,200
Speaker 1: The a change in administration or a change in domestic

813
00:54:10,239 --> 00:54:14,360
Speaker 1: business can make an enormous difference. So if you hate,

814
00:54:14,680 --> 00:54:16,399
Speaker 1: you know, we always say in the US, if you hate,

815
00:54:16,440 --> 00:54:21,000
Speaker 1: what's happening during one term. Just wait four years, you know,

816
00:54:21,200 --> 00:54:24,320
Speaker 1: and it'll it'll change, often in a way that reverses

817
00:54:24,360 --> 00:54:27,640
Speaker 1: other stuff. But we have to understand outside of the

818
00:54:27,680 --> 00:54:31,319
Speaker 1: bubble of the United States, the face has changed, but

819
00:54:31,360 --> 00:54:35,960
Speaker 1: a lot of the interventionist policies remain the same. It's

820
00:54:36,000 --> 00:54:41,160
Speaker 1: not as if these international initiatives that have been in

821
00:54:41,320 --> 00:54:45,360
Speaker 1: play for decades and yes, including conflicts and wars and

822
00:54:45,520 --> 00:54:48,200
Speaker 1: disputed territories. It's not as if they all of a

823
00:54:48,280 --> 00:54:52,040
Speaker 1: sudden get a get a ping on their on their keeper.

824
00:54:52,280 --> 00:54:54,719
Speaker 1: I don't know why. I picture whomever is here having

825
00:54:54,719 --> 00:54:57,080
Speaker 1: a beeper and they get a beeper ping and it

826
00:54:57,160 --> 00:55:00,920
Speaker 1: says like a new president three three or whatever, and

827
00:55:00,920 --> 00:55:04,280
Speaker 1: they say, okay, stop, we'll stop now, We'll stop making

828
00:55:04,320 --> 00:55:06,719
Speaker 1: so much money. And then the nuclear way says, oh,

829
00:55:06,760 --> 00:55:12,200
Speaker 1: we'll stop degrading right now, right right, um. But yeah, hopefully,

830
00:55:12,400 --> 00:55:17,520
Speaker 1: hopefully the world can cooperate on this. One other thing

831
00:55:17,560 --> 00:55:19,520
Speaker 1: that came out of this, by the way, is that

832
00:55:20,080 --> 00:55:24,880
Speaker 1: the Marshall Islands are on the forefront of pushing against

833
00:55:25,239 --> 00:55:29,160
Speaker 1: pushing for nuclear disarmament. They say, you know, we don't

834
00:55:29,200 --> 00:55:33,960
Speaker 1: want anything like this to happen to anyone, and that's

835
00:55:34,280 --> 00:55:37,239
Speaker 1: where we leave it today. We we also have to

836
00:55:37,520 --> 00:55:40,760
Speaker 1: we have to ask you some questions, folks. What should

837
00:55:42,120 --> 00:55:45,000
Speaker 1: the US government do? What should the international community to

838
00:55:45,040 --> 00:55:47,480
Speaker 1: do in this regard? Is the US really doing all

839
00:55:47,520 --> 00:55:50,920
Speaker 1: it all it can? Are these good faith efforts now

840
00:55:51,360 --> 00:55:55,080
Speaker 1: decades later? If you have visited the Marshall Islands or

841
00:55:55,080 --> 00:55:57,680
Speaker 1: if you live there now, we'd also love to hear

842
00:55:57,719 --> 00:56:01,239
Speaker 1: your perspective, What is life like there? Um is? Are

843
00:56:01,320 --> 00:56:05,600
Speaker 1: the effects of this still readily apparent? And you were

844
00:56:05,719 --> 00:56:08,719
Speaker 1: neck of the global woods? Let us know. We try

845
00:56:08,760 --> 00:56:11,239
Speaker 1: to be easy to find online. You can find us

846
00:56:11,280 --> 00:56:14,239
Speaker 1: on Twitter and Facebook where we are Conspiracy Stuff. On

847
00:56:14,320 --> 00:56:18,360
Speaker 1: Instagram we are Conspiracy Stuff Show. If you want to

848
00:56:18,440 --> 00:56:21,640
Speaker 1: check out one of the coolest Facebook groups, check out

849
00:56:21,719 --> 00:56:24,000
Speaker 1: Here's Where It Gets Crazy or is it a page

850
00:56:24,160 --> 00:56:26,480
Speaker 1: whatever it is. It's called Here's Where It Gets Crazy

851
00:56:26,560 --> 00:56:28,839
Speaker 1: and it's on Facebook and you can find a lot

852
00:56:28,920 --> 00:56:31,479
Speaker 1: of your conspiracy realists there and you can have cool

853
00:56:31,520 --> 00:56:34,160
Speaker 1: conversations with some of the best mods in the business

854
00:56:34,440 --> 00:56:37,400
Speaker 1: running the show. I think it's a group for sure. Okay,

855
00:56:37,400 --> 00:56:40,279
Speaker 1: it's a group. You don't want to do that, you

856
00:56:40,280 --> 00:56:42,399
Speaker 1: can give us a call. We've got a hotline toll

857
00:56:42,520 --> 00:56:45,239
Speaker 1: free like the old days, remember that one eight three

858
00:56:45,360 --> 00:56:48,120
Speaker 1: s t d w y t K. As Matt mentioned

859
00:56:48,120 --> 00:56:50,960
Speaker 1: in our last episode, we have been getting a flurry

860
00:56:50,960 --> 00:56:54,880
Speaker 1: of fabulous voicemails from you. Yes, you, so, if you

861
00:56:54,920 --> 00:56:57,960
Speaker 1: would please limit it to one three minute message, let

862
00:56:58,040 --> 00:57:00,200
Speaker 1: us know what to call you and make sure you

863
00:57:00,280 --> 00:57:01,840
Speaker 1: let us know if it's okay to use your voice,

864
00:57:01,920 --> 00:57:04,319
Speaker 1: because we prefer to do that if possible, Or if

865
00:57:04,320 --> 00:57:06,120
Speaker 1: you'd like to be anonymous, let us know that too,

866
00:57:06,200 --> 00:57:08,040
Speaker 1: and and you might hear yourself at one of our

867
00:57:08,080 --> 00:57:11,600
Speaker 1: weekly listener mail episodes. You can also leave us a

868
00:57:11,719 --> 00:57:14,960
Speaker 1: review on your pod scraper of choice. It does make

869
00:57:15,000 --> 00:57:18,200
Speaker 1: a difference. We are as ever grateful for your input.

870
00:57:18,560 --> 00:57:22,120
Speaker 1: This show does not occur without you. You can pop

871
00:57:22,200 --> 00:57:26,040
Speaker 1: over to YouTube dot com slash conspiracy stuff UH to

872
00:57:26,280 --> 00:57:32,040
Speaker 1: see our weird, weird library of conspiracies that you may

873
00:57:32,040 --> 00:57:34,600
Speaker 1: have thought of in the past, and ones that I

874
00:57:34,680 --> 00:57:38,120
Speaker 1: can with certitude guarantee that you have not heard of.

875
00:57:38,760 --> 00:57:43,480
Speaker 1: If you don't care for social media, if phones are

876
00:57:43,600 --> 00:57:48,240
Speaker 1: not quite your thing, there is one other way you

877
00:57:48,280 --> 00:57:53,520
Speaker 1: can always contact us, regardless of time space, regardless of

878
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Speaker 1: topic as well. UH send us an email we are

879
00:57:56,800 --> 00:58:18,600
Speaker 1: conspiracy at i heart radio dot com. Ye Stuff they

880
00:58:18,640 --> 00:58:20,520
Speaker 1: Don't want you to Know is a production of I

881
00:58:20,680 --> 00:58:23,760
Speaker 1: heart Radio. For more podcasts from my heart radio, visit

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