1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:05,080 Speaker 1: So this is a classic episode that we had a 2 00:00:05,240 --> 00:00:09,440 Speaker 1: ball with. It's a it's a story that is older 3 00:00:09,440 --> 00:00:14,880 Speaker 1: than you might expect. It's the story of super soldiers 4 00:00:14,920 --> 00:00:20,200 Speaker 1: of military drugs. You've probably heard accounts of World War 5 00:00:20,320 --> 00:00:25,720 Speaker 1: two military members from various countries using methamphetamine, which is true. 6 00:00:25,960 --> 00:00:29,840 Speaker 1: You've also probably heard legends about assassins and legends about 7 00:00:29,960 --> 00:00:33,280 Speaker 1: Viking berserkers. While this is the episode where we dive 8 00:00:33,360 --> 00:00:37,800 Speaker 1: deep into these stories, separating fiction from fact and finding 9 00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:41,879 Speaker 1: a few conspiracies on the way. From UFOs to psychic 10 00:00:41,920 --> 00:00:46,519 Speaker 1: powers and government conspiracies. History is riddled with unexplained events. 11 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:50,080 Speaker 1: You can turn back now or learn the stuff they 12 00:00:50,120 --> 00:01:04,240 Speaker 1: don't want you to know, and then we welcome back 13 00:01:04,280 --> 00:01:06,040 Speaker 1: to the show. My name is Max, my name is Noah, 14 00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:08,320 Speaker 1: and call me Ben. You are you that makes this 15 00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:12,360 Speaker 1: stuff they don't want you to know. We're getting closer 16 00:01:12,400 --> 00:01:15,080 Speaker 1: and closer to the end of the year, you guys, 17 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:19,399 Speaker 1: this is the last month of sea. The holiday tree 18 00:01:19,520 --> 00:01:22,039 Speaker 1: is up in the office. Looks real pretty, It's a 19 00:01:22,120 --> 00:01:26,080 Speaker 1: Christmas tree, but it's very considerate. We also have a 20 00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:30,119 Speaker 1: video on the origins of Christmas. If you're wondering, hey, 21 00:01:30,319 --> 00:01:33,479 Speaker 1: what does why is there a tree in my house? Now? Uh, 22 00:01:33,560 --> 00:01:37,560 Speaker 1: the answers, the answers may interest you, but as we 23 00:01:37,760 --> 00:01:40,080 Speaker 1: as we round this out, I don't want to start 24 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:41,760 Speaker 1: start at the top and say that we had some 25 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:46,360 Speaker 1: folks ask us about our Halloween special. We've been doing 26 00:01:46,440 --> 00:01:50,480 Speaker 1: some longer projects that you'll begin to see more and 27 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:53,160 Speaker 1: more of in in the coming years. And we're not 28 00:01:53,360 --> 00:01:57,320 Speaker 1: done with We're not done with the occasional special, not 29 00:01:57,400 --> 00:01:59,440 Speaker 1: the coming years, the coming year when we're gonna we're 30 00:01:59,440 --> 00:02:04,280 Speaker 1: gonna get him on before the next several years. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, 31 00:02:04,320 --> 00:02:07,120 Speaker 1: in three years we will from complete our first project 32 00:02:07,400 --> 00:02:11,959 Speaker 1: force going seven years from now. But today we are 33 00:02:12,160 --> 00:02:18,320 Speaker 1: talking about something that may affect some of our listeners 34 00:02:18,960 --> 00:02:22,200 Speaker 1: in a in a personal way. Uh. Today we're talking 35 00:02:22,240 --> 00:02:26,760 Speaker 1: about the military and drug use, a specifically drug use 36 00:02:26,800 --> 00:02:31,799 Speaker 1: as sanctioned by military forces. So, for instance, not the 37 00:02:31,880 --> 00:02:37,320 Speaker 1: illegal use of marijuana or opiates, heroin, et cetera in Vietnam, 38 00:02:37,440 --> 00:02:40,880 Speaker 1: for instance, more like the state sponsored use of speed 39 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:47,880 Speaker 1: by several different militaries during World War Two. Using drugs 40 00:02:47,960 --> 00:02:53,360 Speaker 1: to enhance one's performance is an ancient, ancient capital letter, 41 00:02:53,520 --> 00:02:58,160 Speaker 1: ancient practice, and over the centuries, institutions encourage the use 42 00:02:58,200 --> 00:03:02,880 Speaker 1: of all sorts of drugs, from shesht alcohol, to emphetamines, 43 00:03:02,960 --> 00:03:09,799 Speaker 1: to opium, and to hallucinogens in experimental settings. It seems 44 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:11,040 Speaker 1: like some of those who just kind of make you 45 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:14,440 Speaker 1: sit there slack jawed and not do much for your 46 00:03:14,600 --> 00:03:20,960 Speaker 1: you know, murder, murderous rage. Down mean the we're specifically 47 00:03:20,960 --> 00:03:24,440 Speaker 1: talking mostly about uppers in this episode, well that those 48 00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:26,040 Speaker 1: are the ones that make sense to me. You know, 49 00:03:26,320 --> 00:03:28,839 Speaker 1: they kind of give you that they enhance that fight 50 00:03:28,919 --> 00:03:31,799 Speaker 1: or flight mentality and kind of like a tune your 51 00:03:32,680 --> 00:03:36,640 Speaker 1: reflexes a little bit, whereas things like marijuana and um, 52 00:03:36,720 --> 00:03:39,720 Speaker 1: you know, downers, it seems to me would possibly make 53 00:03:39,760 --> 00:03:42,920 Speaker 1: you more sluggish and not necessarily be much help in 54 00:03:42,960 --> 00:03:46,360 Speaker 1: combat situations. But I don't know, let's explore Well. It 55 00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:50,720 Speaker 1: reminds me of the YouTube video series that I was 56 00:03:52,360 --> 00:03:56,400 Speaker 1: super fan of for about a week, which was the 57 00:03:56,720 --> 00:04:00,800 Speaker 1: doing x on Salvia series. Have you ever seen that? Yeah? Yeah, 58 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:03,840 Speaker 1: Big Money Salvia. Yeah, we were you and I watched that. 59 00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:05,680 Speaker 1: I think Matt you may have introduced me to it. 60 00:04:05,760 --> 00:04:09,160 Speaker 1: I'm a huge fan of the gentleman that makes the videos. 61 00:04:09,200 --> 00:04:14,080 Speaker 1: He's got a razor wit so uh so, Yeah, to 62 00:04:14,320 --> 00:04:17,279 Speaker 1: your point, Noll, that reminds me of those video series, 63 00:04:17,320 --> 00:04:21,640 Speaker 1: because the entire point or bit of that, uh that 64 00:04:21,800 --> 00:04:26,320 Speaker 1: series is that when people do salvia there physically useless 65 00:04:26,360 --> 00:04:30,120 Speaker 1: for a minute. M. There's a song by the band 66 00:04:30,160 --> 00:04:34,080 Speaker 1: oyster Head which was a combination of Primus Fish and 67 00:04:34,360 --> 00:04:36,839 Speaker 1: Stewart Cope in the drummer from the Police. It's called 68 00:04:36,960 --> 00:04:39,159 Speaker 1: Armies on Ecstasy, and it makes me think of this 69 00:04:39,240 --> 00:04:41,960 Speaker 1: line says the Armies on ecstasy. So they say, I 70 00:04:42,040 --> 00:04:44,840 Speaker 1: read all about it in the USA. Today they stepped up, 71 00:04:44,839 --> 00:04:47,200 Speaker 1: you're in testing to make it go away because it's 72 00:04:47,240 --> 00:04:49,599 Speaker 1: hard to kill the enemy on old M D M A. 73 00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:54,760 Speaker 1: And uh, that's that's a great quotation. I will I 74 00:04:54,800 --> 00:04:57,880 Speaker 1: will follow that up with a quotation from William to 75 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:01,680 Speaker 1: Kumpster Sherman, who said, who is the person we most 76 00:05:01,720 --> 00:05:06,960 Speaker 1: often attribute with the saying war as hell? Unfortunately, during wartime, 77 00:05:07,040 --> 00:05:10,320 Speaker 1: individuals on all sides, every side, will tend to commit 78 00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:14,520 Speaker 1: crimes and atrocities. This includes stuff like assault, yes and 79 00:05:14,680 --> 00:05:17,960 Speaker 1: theft and murder of innocence, and of course drug use 80 00:05:18,120 --> 00:05:21,240 Speaker 1: to either numb the mind or as an attempt to 81 00:05:21,800 --> 00:05:26,240 Speaker 1: self medicate. And what we're exploring today is a long established, 82 00:05:26,279 --> 00:05:32,320 Speaker 1: often unacknowledged pattern in military history. We Matt Nolan, I 83 00:05:32,400 --> 00:05:35,160 Speaker 1: are not in any way condoning the use of performance 84 00:05:35,240 --> 00:05:39,960 Speaker 1: enhancing drugs or the possibilities for addiction inherent in these substances. 85 00:05:40,560 --> 00:05:43,760 Speaker 1: Drugs do not care whether you are a civilian, a veteran, 86 00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:47,120 Speaker 1: or currently serving in the armed services of any nation. 87 00:05:47,839 --> 00:05:50,719 Speaker 1: There is help available in people that you can reach 88 00:05:50,760 --> 00:05:54,679 Speaker 1: out to if you feel that there is a problem 89 00:05:54,680 --> 00:05:57,120 Speaker 1: where you feel yourself headed in that direction, and we 90 00:05:57,240 --> 00:06:01,720 Speaker 1: guarantee you your life is worth it. That's our disclaimer. 91 00:06:02,400 --> 00:06:07,080 Speaker 1: But uh, instead of just going into the usual facts 92 00:06:07,240 --> 00:06:12,280 Speaker 1: or statistics today, let's just admit the the amount of 93 00:06:12,360 --> 00:06:17,320 Speaker 1: drug use and militaries is insane. This is already where 94 00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:21,200 Speaker 1: things get crazy. Well, we said this was an ancient practice, 95 00:06:21,240 --> 00:06:24,719 Speaker 1: but we didn't say how ancient it was. That's because, 96 00:06:24,760 --> 00:06:28,480 Speaker 1: oddly enough, drug used in past civilizations was not treated 97 00:06:28,520 --> 00:06:30,680 Speaker 1: the way it is in the modern day. It was 98 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:33,400 Speaker 1: not condemned and vilified. It was like far for the 99 00:06:33,480 --> 00:06:37,240 Speaker 1: course Moore or less sure and and various different drugs 100 00:06:37,240 --> 00:06:40,960 Speaker 1: were treated in in this way. Um. Part of that's 101 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:45,080 Speaker 1: likely because modern science has kind of showed us what 102 00:06:45,160 --> 00:06:48,800 Speaker 1: the dangerous effects of drugs can be if like you 103 00:06:48,839 --> 00:06:51,400 Speaker 1: take too many too much of a drug, or if 104 00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:54,000 Speaker 1: you take drugs and combination with one another, or if 105 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:56,520 Speaker 1: you have certain other health risks and then you take 106 00:06:56,560 --> 00:06:58,760 Speaker 1: a drug, whereas in olden times it was more like, 107 00:06:58,800 --> 00:07:00,920 Speaker 1: oh I chewed this leaf and now I can see 108 00:07:00,920 --> 00:07:04,080 Speaker 1: around corners. Well, yeah, and it could also be treated 109 00:07:04,080 --> 00:07:06,320 Speaker 1: as medicine, and it was often in the past. Here's 110 00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:10,080 Speaker 1: this mushroom that taught me about religion or consciousness, right, 111 00:07:10,680 --> 00:07:15,560 Speaker 1: So the that that's a really good point because first, 112 00:07:15,640 --> 00:07:19,880 Speaker 1: not all drugs are created equally. Not all of these 113 00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:23,840 Speaker 1: external substances applied to the human body have the same effects, 114 00:07:23,880 --> 00:07:28,800 Speaker 1: nor they have the same um dangers, right, dangers or 115 00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:33,600 Speaker 1: short term benefits. But we do know it goes way way, way, 116 00:07:33,760 --> 00:07:36,520 Speaker 1: way way back, and of course, as you know, the 117 00:07:36,680 --> 00:07:40,600 Speaker 1: further back in time we go, the more difficult it 118 00:07:40,760 --> 00:07:47,960 Speaker 1: is to discern, parse, and ultimately to cipher the the 119 00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:50,840 Speaker 1: evidence that we find. Right, We do know though, that 120 00:07:50,920 --> 00:07:54,720 Speaker 1: the earliest records of drug use in general go back millennia. 121 00:07:55,040 --> 00:07:58,080 Speaker 1: So in five thousand b C. We have record that 122 00:07:58,120 --> 00:08:02,960 Speaker 1: the Samarians used opium, and this is strongly indicated by 123 00:08:02,960 --> 00:08:06,040 Speaker 1: the fact that they had an idiogram for it, which 124 00:08:06,080 --> 00:08:11,280 Speaker 1: translated to something meaning joy or rejoicing. Yeah. I think 125 00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:13,880 Speaker 1: for the Samarians it was for people who could afford it, 126 00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:18,520 Speaker 1: a a social wide thing, so it's it was almost 127 00:08:18,600 --> 00:08:22,280 Speaker 1: like uh not, it wasn't just a military use, and 128 00:08:22,320 --> 00:08:24,240 Speaker 1: it may have been sort of an off time or 129 00:08:24,360 --> 00:08:27,960 Speaker 1: off off mission thing for militaries if they used it. 130 00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:32,560 Speaker 1: We're just amazed that they had opium at that time, 131 00:08:32,559 --> 00:08:34,920 Speaker 1: because I think I know the three of us have 132 00:08:34,960 --> 00:08:36,959 Speaker 1: talked about it off air. I don't know if we 133 00:08:37,040 --> 00:08:41,640 Speaker 1: ever talked about on air, but I've always been just 134 00:08:41,800 --> 00:08:47,120 Speaker 1: flabbergasted and in a way impressed or at least fascinated 135 00:08:47,120 --> 00:08:52,240 Speaker 1: by the mechanisms that humanity has discovered to do drugs. 136 00:08:52,360 --> 00:08:55,800 Speaker 1: Like I would understand, you know, I understand eating a 137 00:08:55,920 --> 00:08:59,080 Speaker 1: leaf like to your earlier example noll And going whoa, 138 00:08:59,280 --> 00:09:02,640 Speaker 1: this knocked me on my keaster. But the idea of 139 00:09:02,640 --> 00:09:05,680 Speaker 1: someone saying, like, hold on a second, you know, those 140 00:09:05,800 --> 00:09:09,959 Speaker 1: uh those things growing out outside, I'm gonna cut them, 141 00:09:10,000 --> 00:09:12,839 Speaker 1: not not not not like chop them up. I'm gonna 142 00:09:12,840 --> 00:09:15,520 Speaker 1: cut them and let them bleed the sort of LATEXI 143 00:09:15,600 --> 00:09:18,120 Speaker 1: substance for a little while and they're like, oh why, 144 00:09:18,280 --> 00:09:20,080 Speaker 1: and they're like, hold on, I'm not done. Then I'm 145 00:09:20,120 --> 00:09:23,920 Speaker 1: gonna scrape it off of the thing, and then I'm 146 00:09:23,920 --> 00:09:27,760 Speaker 1: gonna like through uh, through a process of drying, distillation, 147 00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:31,040 Speaker 1: and concentration. Oh and I'm also gonna invent a syringe. 148 00:09:31,440 --> 00:09:33,040 Speaker 1: And they're like wait, what's that And they're like to 149 00:09:33,120 --> 00:09:35,600 Speaker 1: hold on, hold on, let me keep going. It's like 150 00:09:35,679 --> 00:09:38,960 Speaker 1: and then I'm gonna take a spoon and they're like, oh, yeah, 151 00:09:38,960 --> 00:09:41,000 Speaker 1: I've heard of spoons. And they're like, yeah, one of those. 152 00:09:41,440 --> 00:09:44,920 Speaker 1: And I'm gonna heat it up, heat up this substance 153 00:09:44,920 --> 00:09:47,000 Speaker 1: I made, and I'm gonna put it in the syringe. 154 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:49,000 Speaker 1: And they're like again with the syringes, what are you 155 00:09:49,040 --> 00:09:50,760 Speaker 1: talking to me. He's like, look, I'm not done yet. 156 00:09:51,240 --> 00:09:55,280 Speaker 1: I'm gonna put it in my veins. That's a lot 157 00:09:55,320 --> 00:09:57,480 Speaker 1: of work to figure that out. It seems like the 158 00:09:57,559 --> 00:09:59,520 Speaker 1: same kind of process you would go through for any 159 00:09:59,640 --> 00:10:02,840 Speaker 1: sign tific discovery, where it's sort of piggybacking, where like 160 00:10:02,880 --> 00:10:05,959 Speaker 1: maybe one person ate the poppy and then they realized 161 00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:08,480 Speaker 1: that it had a quality, but they thought maybe I 162 00:10:08,520 --> 00:10:10,520 Speaker 1: can get more out of it. Somebody down the line 163 00:10:10,559 --> 00:10:12,319 Speaker 1: is like, maybe I can get more. There's a more 164 00:10:12,360 --> 00:10:14,640 Speaker 1: perfect way to extract whatever it is about this that 165 00:10:14,720 --> 00:10:17,200 Speaker 1: makes me feel the way I feel. And then over 166 00:10:17,240 --> 00:10:20,199 Speaker 1: the years, I mean, I'm sure that process certainly didn't 167 00:10:20,280 --> 00:10:23,200 Speaker 1: pop up overnight, you know, but you know, the first 168 00:10:23,240 --> 00:10:26,880 Speaker 1: person that ever sniffed a drug that was accidental, right, 169 00:10:26,920 --> 00:10:28,600 Speaker 1: there was some kind of dust in the air and 170 00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:33,880 Speaker 1: they just went, I mean, nobody does nobody did that 171 00:10:33,920 --> 00:10:37,439 Speaker 1: on purpose? And like that's a good point. Yeah, no, 172 00:10:37,520 --> 00:10:39,240 Speaker 1: I agree, I agree. But it's like, you know, the 173 00:10:39,280 --> 00:10:42,920 Speaker 1: same way you accidentally figure out how to make fire 174 00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:44,880 Speaker 1: or something like that, and then you figure out the 175 00:10:44,880 --> 00:10:48,040 Speaker 1: best method of delivery over time, and you try to 176 00:10:48,280 --> 00:10:53,240 Speaker 1: gradually make the process more refined. Yes, just like a 177 00:10:53,320 --> 00:10:57,400 Speaker 1: d n A. It's it's a glorious string of accidents 178 00:10:57,600 --> 00:11:00,720 Speaker 1: that occurred and then got refined, and I'm sure a 179 00:11:00,720 --> 00:11:03,960 Speaker 1: lot of people died along the way. Uh. Editorial note 180 00:11:03,960 --> 00:11:08,320 Speaker 1: for everybody. We're using heroin as an example, injectable heroin, 181 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:13,440 Speaker 1: but injectable heroine was not invented until eighteen seventy four, 182 00:11:13,720 --> 00:11:17,800 Speaker 1: so these folks were doing just some form of opium. Uh. 183 00:11:17,840 --> 00:11:22,560 Speaker 1: And weirdly enough, this predates uh, the earliest historical record 184 00:11:22,760 --> 00:11:28,560 Speaker 1: of alcohol, which comes from Egypt. That comes from it's 185 00:11:28,840 --> 00:11:32,440 Speaker 1: uh from Yeah, Egyptian papyrus shows that there is a 186 00:11:32,480 --> 00:11:37,000 Speaker 1: brewery that's kind of cool. Yeah, and until it's essentially fermentation, right, 187 00:11:37,040 --> 00:11:41,320 Speaker 1: So we have to wonder yet, maybe opium at that 188 00:11:41,400 --> 00:11:45,760 Speaker 1: point was an easier drug to consume or an easier 189 00:11:45,800 --> 00:11:49,319 Speaker 1: substance to consume. We also know that use of lucinogens 190 00:11:49,320 --> 00:11:52,240 Speaker 1: are magic mushrooms in particulars thoughts to date back thousands 191 00:11:52,280 --> 00:11:56,320 Speaker 1: of years. This relates to another theory which we know 192 00:11:56,559 --> 00:11:59,880 Speaker 1: a lot of you love out there, folks. Uh. It's 193 00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:05,439 Speaker 1: the idea that civilization itself or numerous religions were founded 194 00:12:05,559 --> 00:12:11,040 Speaker 1: or discovered during these ritualized drug trips. The idea that 195 00:12:11,120 --> 00:12:15,520 Speaker 1: the deities people worship, or the origin of what we 196 00:12:15,600 --> 00:12:21,480 Speaker 1: call consciousness, to MAT's point, comes from the intense introspection 197 00:12:21,720 --> 00:12:25,520 Speaker 1: brought on by hallucinogenics. Yea. The stone tape theory, I 198 00:12:25,520 --> 00:12:28,360 Speaker 1: think is what they call that. There's we won't go 199 00:12:28,400 --> 00:12:30,400 Speaker 1: into it now, but there were some I remember reading 200 00:12:30,400 --> 00:12:34,320 Speaker 1: that some people thought Jesus was actually a magic mushroom. 201 00:12:34,520 --> 00:12:38,600 Speaker 1: It was all an allegory for magic mushrooms, right, Yeah, 202 00:12:38,760 --> 00:12:43,760 Speaker 1: that people were communicating in the sort of anthropomorphic uh 203 00:12:43,920 --> 00:12:49,160 Speaker 1: symbolic terms, and speaking of chewing leaves, evidence shows that 204 00:12:49,200 --> 00:12:52,440 Speaker 1: people have been chewing and eating the leaves of a 205 00:12:52,480 --> 00:12:57,400 Speaker 1: plant called the beetle since at least sixty bc um. 206 00:12:57,520 --> 00:13:02,000 Speaker 1: This particular plant contains chemicals that at have stimulant effects 207 00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:05,600 Speaker 1: and of euphoria inducing properties, sort of like maybe a 208 00:13:05,600 --> 00:13:10,360 Speaker 1: coca leaf, and these days are mostly consumed in Asia. 209 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:15,440 Speaker 1: And this brings us to the allegations of drug use 210 00:13:15,640 --> 00:13:20,480 Speaker 1: in ancient fighting forces, which is which is a fascinating topic, 211 00:13:20,559 --> 00:13:23,280 Speaker 1: and a lot of it is difficult to prove. So 212 00:13:23,320 --> 00:13:27,560 Speaker 1: we're entering the area of professional academics arguing with each 213 00:13:27,559 --> 00:13:31,800 Speaker 1: other back and forth against conferences. You have been warned, 214 00:13:32,240 --> 00:13:35,280 Speaker 1: h do you guys each one to do one? Sure? Yeah? 215 00:13:35,360 --> 00:13:37,960 Speaker 1: Can I start? Yeah? Please do So. Many of you 216 00:13:37,960 --> 00:13:41,439 Speaker 1: out there have probably heard of berserkers, maybe from a 217 00:13:41,559 --> 00:13:46,440 Speaker 1: video game like myself, or from reading historical documentation, or 218 00:13:46,520 --> 00:13:52,760 Speaker 1: from that song in Clerk's the movie besacka do do 219 00:13:52,760 --> 00:13:58,600 Speaker 1: do do Doe Doe doe bezacka. So historical berserkers were 220 00:13:58,640 --> 00:14:02,600 Speaker 1: infamous Viking warrior ars and there were these fearsome guys 221 00:14:02,679 --> 00:14:07,080 Speaker 1: who would dress in skins of animals like bears, and 222 00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:12,400 Speaker 1: according to history, they would attack friend or foe with 223 00:14:12,520 --> 00:14:18,080 Speaker 1: this insane verocity and tenacity of just like they're gonna 224 00:14:18,080 --> 00:14:20,280 Speaker 1: go at anything that's near them that they can perceive 225 00:14:20,400 --> 00:14:23,760 Speaker 1: as possibly a threat. If anyone's been watching Westworld, there's 226 00:14:23,800 --> 00:14:26,800 Speaker 1: a great example of a berserker I think in two 227 00:14:26,840 --> 00:14:29,520 Speaker 1: episodes two or the episodes from the last one. UM 228 00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:32,880 Speaker 1: a guy and a huge, huge, hulking guy with like 229 00:14:32,960 --> 00:14:36,320 Speaker 1: a like a mask on with horns and like wielding 230 00:14:36,400 --> 00:14:41,280 Speaker 1: this giant absurd club. Then only like a superhuman mutant 231 00:14:41,320 --> 00:14:46,840 Speaker 1: could wield, or you know, a Viking on drugs or 232 00:14:46,880 --> 00:14:49,920 Speaker 1: a host. But one of the one of the more 233 00:14:49,920 --> 00:14:54,560 Speaker 1: popular theories about these berserkers, well the strength and the 234 00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:57,160 Speaker 1: frenzy that they could muster, was that they're under the 235 00:14:57,200 --> 00:14:59,840 Speaker 1: influence of some kind of substance, some kind of drug, 236 00:15:00,840 --> 00:15:04,240 Speaker 1: although experts who believe this theory they aren't conclusively sure 237 00:15:04,280 --> 00:15:07,040 Speaker 1: what sort of drug this would have been. My mind 238 00:15:07,160 --> 00:15:10,000 Speaker 1: goes to PCP, but I'm fairly certain that that's not 239 00:15:10,040 --> 00:15:12,360 Speaker 1: what they were on. Um who knows what they could 240 00:15:12,360 --> 00:15:14,520 Speaker 1: have been ingesting If they were in fact doing so, 241 00:15:14,760 --> 00:15:21,800 Speaker 1: they've been Yeah, the guesses range from hallucinogenic mushroom m anita, muscaria, 242 00:15:22,240 --> 00:15:28,160 Speaker 1: or massive amounts of alcohol. Um. What's interesting there is 243 00:15:28,240 --> 00:15:32,760 Speaker 1: that some of that would fit in with practical usage 244 00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:36,440 Speaker 1: or ritual usage. Excuse me, but when we think of 245 00:15:37,920 --> 00:15:42,080 Speaker 1: hallucinogenic trips or or the behavior that sort of stuff induces, 246 00:15:42,680 --> 00:15:45,720 Speaker 1: it creates a trance like state, but not typically a 247 00:15:45,840 --> 00:15:50,400 Speaker 1: violent one. Also, there have been accounts that people would 248 00:15:50,440 --> 00:15:54,000 Speaker 1: fall into these states when they were doing non warlike behavior, 249 00:15:54,120 --> 00:16:00,760 Speaker 1: so just fixing, doing some blacksmithing work, fixing, ship carving 250 00:16:00,840 --> 00:16:04,920 Speaker 1: fiction ship is a great example. And one of the 251 00:16:04,960 --> 00:16:09,000 Speaker 1: other explanations was that maybe there was self induced hysteria 252 00:16:09,440 --> 00:16:16,560 Speaker 1: or epilepsy or mental illness, which is disturbing and fascinating implications, 253 00:16:16,600 --> 00:16:19,800 Speaker 1: but by far the most popular theory is that there 254 00:16:19,880 --> 00:16:25,920 Speaker 1: was some sort of drug involved, maybe a combination. Maybe 255 00:16:25,920 --> 00:16:30,560 Speaker 1: a combination for sure. Uh. And then we have another 256 00:16:30,600 --> 00:16:38,480 Speaker 1: example of fighting force, the infamous Assassins. More video game stuff. Yes, yeah, 257 00:16:38,560 --> 00:16:41,800 Speaker 1: that movie looks good. Assassin's Creed movie. I don't even 258 00:16:41,840 --> 00:16:46,320 Speaker 1: want to talk about it. It seems like the stuff 259 00:16:46,360 --> 00:16:50,920 Speaker 1: of movies. Yes, it is the stuff of movies, and 260 00:16:50,960 --> 00:16:52,760 Speaker 1: I mean it's not like, we've had a single good 261 00:16:52,880 --> 00:16:55,960 Speaker 1: video game to movie adaptation, so I think we're do one. Well. 262 00:16:55,960 --> 00:17:00,120 Speaker 1: There was Tron. There was also Pacman the movie be 263 00:17:00,960 --> 00:17:04,600 Speaker 1: I'm kidding, that's not real. There was there was Battleship, 264 00:17:04,800 --> 00:17:09,600 Speaker 1: which is based on a board game. Ever since Ui Bowl, 265 00:17:10,359 --> 00:17:15,040 Speaker 1: my my heart is just h he's my boy. But yeah. 266 00:17:15,040 --> 00:17:20,760 Speaker 1: Assassin's um Marco polo Uh was the originator of many 267 00:17:20,920 --> 00:17:25,360 Speaker 1: of the reports of assassins from his travels in the Orient. 268 00:17:25,840 --> 00:17:28,040 Speaker 1: Let me say Orient, Is that okay to say? I 269 00:17:28,600 --> 00:17:31,680 Speaker 1: think in this stage? Yeah? Alright? Cool? Um? So yeah, 270 00:17:31,720 --> 00:17:35,119 Speaker 1: he talks of he tells a tale of the Old 271 00:17:35,160 --> 00:17:39,919 Speaker 1: Man of the Mountain, or Saba, who would drug his 272 00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:42,920 Speaker 1: young followers sort of like almost like a shaolin like 273 00:17:43,359 --> 00:17:48,240 Speaker 1: monk fighting instructor um. He would drug them with hashish, 274 00:17:48,480 --> 00:17:52,480 Speaker 1: lead them to paradise, and then claim that only he 275 00:17:52,560 --> 00:17:55,639 Speaker 1: had the means to allow for their return. So, perceiving 276 00:17:55,680 --> 00:17:58,520 Speaker 1: that Saba was either a profit or some sort of 277 00:17:58,600 --> 00:18:02,880 Speaker 1: demon magician, his disciples, believing that only he could return 278 00:18:02,960 --> 00:18:06,440 Speaker 1: them to paradise, were completely committed to his cause. Would 279 00:18:06,440 --> 00:18:09,760 Speaker 1: you whatever it took to get that feeling again? And 280 00:18:09,800 --> 00:18:13,760 Speaker 1: we're willing to carry out his every wish. And this 281 00:18:13,880 --> 00:18:18,560 Speaker 1: is mentioned in Bodelino, which is a fiction but you know, 282 00:18:18,600 --> 00:18:23,080 Speaker 1: with some historical truths peppered in there. Yeah. Bodolino is 283 00:18:23,400 --> 00:18:28,159 Speaker 1: by a an author named Umberto Echo, and it's about 284 00:18:28,200 --> 00:18:31,840 Speaker 1: this guy who's just an absolute dirt bag, but he 285 00:18:32,680 --> 00:18:37,199 Speaker 1: rises to fame and examined some of the Oh, the 286 00:18:37,359 --> 00:18:43,560 Speaker 1: way that a grain of truth would give would give 287 00:18:43,680 --> 00:18:48,119 Speaker 1: rise to an entire world of rumors and lies. But 288 00:18:48,720 --> 00:18:50,960 Speaker 1: that one of the things they do mention in that 289 00:18:51,080 --> 00:18:56,800 Speaker 1: book is the the paradise of the assassins where they're 290 00:18:56,960 --> 00:18:59,000 Speaker 1: wherein there's a character who says, you know, I saw 291 00:18:59,040 --> 00:19:01,239 Speaker 1: these guys saying that when to paradise, But what they 292 00:19:01,240 --> 00:19:05,080 Speaker 1: were doing was just sort of standing there and chains 293 00:19:05,280 --> 00:19:09,720 Speaker 1: doped up. So it's interesting the idea of compelling people 294 00:19:09,720 --> 00:19:12,040 Speaker 1: to fight through what may have been some sort of 295 00:19:12,880 --> 00:19:17,040 Speaker 1: psychologic psychological manipulation obviously, but it sounds to me like 296 00:19:17,080 --> 00:19:20,120 Speaker 1: it would have been more like something stronger like opium, right, 297 00:19:20,200 --> 00:19:21,719 Speaker 1: I mean, there would have to be some kind of 298 00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:24,440 Speaker 1: dependency for them to have been so worried about getting 299 00:19:24,440 --> 00:19:27,000 Speaker 1: back to that state that they would kill, you know, 300 00:19:27,080 --> 00:19:30,040 Speaker 1: and follow blindly. Well, how she doesn't seem like it 301 00:19:30,080 --> 00:19:31,800 Speaker 1: would have as as as much of a hold. But 302 00:19:31,880 --> 00:19:33,800 Speaker 1: that's just you know, yeah, it's like that joke and 303 00:19:33,880 --> 00:19:36,800 Speaker 1: half baked when that guy goes to rehab from marijuana. 304 00:19:38,080 --> 00:19:41,800 Speaker 1: Maybe it was a crazy strain, you guys. Perhaps, Well 305 00:19:42,119 --> 00:19:44,399 Speaker 1: we we know that, Okay, So the origins of the 306 00:19:44,400 --> 00:19:48,080 Speaker 1: Assassins can be traced back to like ten eighty or 307 00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:52,919 Speaker 1: so ten a d. Common era. Um, and most of 308 00:19:53,200 --> 00:19:57,160 Speaker 1: most of the early sources of this movement, unfortunately, we're 309 00:19:57,160 --> 00:20:00,800 Speaker 1: written by people who were enemies. They were and based 310 00:20:00,840 --> 00:20:03,160 Speaker 1: on stuff sort of like the Templars had a lot 311 00:20:03,160 --> 00:20:06,080 Speaker 1: of stuff written by their enemies. Uh. And a lot 312 00:20:06,160 --> 00:20:08,280 Speaker 1: of the stuff that dealt with the order's inner workings 313 00:20:08,280 --> 00:20:13,399 Speaker 1: were destroyed in twelve fifties six. But like Noel said, 314 00:20:13,800 --> 00:20:17,479 Speaker 1: we we know that the originator of the cult uh, 315 00:20:17,640 --> 00:20:21,720 Speaker 1: and the I guess the progenitor or the patriarch of 316 00:20:21,800 --> 00:20:26,119 Speaker 1: the movement was the Grandmaster Hassan E. Sapa. We also 317 00:20:26,240 --> 00:20:30,640 Speaker 1: know that meso American cultures have a long and storied 318 00:20:30,760 --> 00:20:35,040 Speaker 1: history of seeking enlightenment and enhanced performance through the ingestion 319 00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:39,480 Speaker 1: of drugs. However, and perhaps surprising for some people, most 320 00:20:39,520 --> 00:20:43,479 Speaker 1: documented use was either completely ritual or spiritual stuff or 321 00:20:43,680 --> 00:20:48,320 Speaker 1: medicinal In that climate, there was just a preponderance of 322 00:20:49,040 --> 00:20:54,560 Speaker 1: differing drugs that people could use. And this this use 323 00:20:54,600 --> 00:20:58,159 Speaker 1: of drugs despite changing cultural opinions, like, we live in 324 00:20:58,160 --> 00:21:04,720 Speaker 1: a pretty prohibitive society now, uh, partially to partially because 325 00:21:04,760 --> 00:21:07,640 Speaker 1: of health concerns, but I would also argue more so 326 00:21:07,760 --> 00:21:11,520 Speaker 1: to control the flow of money and to control the 327 00:21:11,560 --> 00:21:15,040 Speaker 1: status quo or hierarchical system that's been set up here. 328 00:21:15,400 --> 00:21:19,359 Speaker 1: Some people might disagree. I'm fine with that because it 329 00:21:19,440 --> 00:21:23,200 Speaker 1: is just my opinion. If you if you feel that, uh, 330 00:21:23,240 --> 00:21:28,919 Speaker 1: if you feel that prohibition despite the overwhelming evidence that 331 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:32,000 Speaker 1: it in no way works to the benefit of the public. 332 00:21:32,200 --> 00:21:34,360 Speaker 1: I mean, like, if you choose to believe that despite 333 00:21:34,359 --> 00:21:37,000 Speaker 1: the evidence, that's your opinion, and you're welcome to it. 334 00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:42,400 Speaker 1: Pardon my rant. The drug the connection between drug use 335 00:21:42,400 --> 00:21:47,160 Speaker 1: and militaries, though, has continued, albeit widely unacknowledged our current era, 336 00:21:47,400 --> 00:21:52,400 Speaker 1: It was widely understood in uh in past eras right 337 00:21:52,440 --> 00:21:56,520 Speaker 1: in recent centuries. I mean, there's that time that Britain 338 00:21:56,560 --> 00:22:01,840 Speaker 1: got drunk and took over the world. Well I'm being flippant, 339 00:22:01,880 --> 00:22:05,360 Speaker 1: but you know, I mean they were drunk already they 340 00:22:05,440 --> 00:22:08,919 Speaker 1: just also took over the world. Yes, there is a 341 00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:17,200 Speaker 1: noted historical industrial level advocacy of alcohol by the British Empire. 342 00:22:17,560 --> 00:22:21,080 Speaker 1: One example comes from the Napoleonic Wars. During these wars, 343 00:22:21,119 --> 00:22:24,320 Speaker 1: alcohol use was encouraged among British troops as a way 344 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:29,680 Speaker 1: to guard against disease allegedly and to boost moral I mean, 345 00:22:29,800 --> 00:22:32,280 Speaker 1: I can imagine it doing that, right, poor little alcohol 346 00:22:32,280 --> 00:22:36,240 Speaker 1: on it'll kill all the germs. Yeah, sure, because we 347 00:22:36,240 --> 00:22:39,000 Speaker 1: we do know alcohol was used as almost a pain 348 00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:41,280 Speaker 1: killer at the time when there was some kind of 349 00:22:41,359 --> 00:22:43,359 Speaker 1: issue going on in the battlefield you needed to be 350 00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:45,359 Speaker 1: stitched up. Well, not to mention you think of like 351 00:22:45,400 --> 00:22:49,440 Speaker 1: the officers class in there. You know clubs, they're they're 352 00:22:49,520 --> 00:22:52,240 Speaker 1: kind of private clubs with their brandy and their cigars, 353 00:22:52,280 --> 00:22:54,879 Speaker 1: with their epaulets and all of their medals and stuff. 354 00:22:54,920 --> 00:22:57,480 Speaker 1: Is just part of the culture, um, you know, both 355 00:22:57,480 --> 00:23:00,320 Speaker 1: all in and off the battlefield. It seems sure. Speaking 356 00:23:00,320 --> 00:23:02,680 Speaker 1: of that, some soldiers were known to spend a month's 357 00:23:02,680 --> 00:23:06,760 Speaker 1: worth of wages on alcohol in one sitting, like just 358 00:23:06,880 --> 00:23:11,000 Speaker 1: go and go all out, drink your a whole paycheck 359 00:23:11,080 --> 00:23:13,159 Speaker 1: and one night at the bar. Well, yeah, because you 360 00:23:13,240 --> 00:23:15,359 Speaker 1: gotta to go, you might as well go large, so 361 00:23:15,640 --> 00:23:18,199 Speaker 1: large and go hard, and you gotta buy around for 362 00:23:18,240 --> 00:23:23,720 Speaker 1: the whole pub. Also, teetotal ers were reviled, known as 363 00:23:24,600 --> 00:23:27,080 Speaker 1: I take offense to this. By the way, Methodists, why 364 00:23:27,080 --> 00:23:28,639 Speaker 1: do you take offense to this? Because I was a 365 00:23:28,680 --> 00:23:32,199 Speaker 1: Methodist growing up. I was also a teetotal right, But 366 00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:35,680 Speaker 1: you're you're drinking now I'm drinking at this moment. Yes, 367 00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:40,160 Speaker 1: we each have a yard of ale in front of us. 368 00:23:40,840 --> 00:23:43,600 Speaker 1: And it's funny that you mentioned the idea of officers 369 00:23:43,640 --> 00:23:46,920 Speaker 1: clubs because there was a hierarchy there. Yes, officers had 370 00:23:46,960 --> 00:23:51,080 Speaker 1: standing orders to avoid any drunken privates, the lower ranking 371 00:23:51,160 --> 00:23:56,000 Speaker 1: members of the military, because they often attacked their superiors. Well, 372 00:23:56,040 --> 00:23:59,560 Speaker 1: you know, if you're drunk and you're upset with your 373 00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:01,960 Speaker 1: higher up because he made you do some things you 374 00:24:01,960 --> 00:24:04,679 Speaker 1: didn't want to do, go a head full esteem. I 375 00:24:04,720 --> 00:24:07,360 Speaker 1: can imagine that leading to some bad situations. Well, let's 376 00:24:07,400 --> 00:24:10,200 Speaker 1: also consider it was not they didn't have the same 377 00:24:10,920 --> 00:24:14,520 Speaker 1: code of military behavior that exists today. Weren't these also 378 00:24:14,560 --> 00:24:17,360 Speaker 1: in the days of like being sort of a firing 379 00:24:17,400 --> 00:24:21,000 Speaker 1: squad for in subordination, Yeah, yeah, yeah, for treason, Yeah, 380 00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:24,560 Speaker 1: getting branded speaking what have you guys seen the film 381 00:24:24,600 --> 00:24:27,280 Speaker 1: Paths of Glory? I have not seen him up in 382 00:24:27,280 --> 00:24:30,400 Speaker 1: a conversation with my my friend the other night. Um there, 383 00:24:30,560 --> 00:24:32,879 Speaker 1: I only mentioned it because it does kind of show 384 00:24:33,280 --> 00:24:36,720 Speaker 1: some of this drinking culture in the British army. Um. 385 00:24:36,760 --> 00:24:39,440 Speaker 1: But it's a fantastic movie. It's an early Kubrick movie 386 00:24:39,640 --> 00:24:43,720 Speaker 1: and it sort of deals with it deals with questions 387 00:24:43,720 --> 00:24:48,360 Speaker 1: of morality when taking orders, and it's it's fabulous, very 388 00:24:48,440 --> 00:24:51,119 Speaker 1: very ahead of its time. Like honestly, it's almost a 389 00:24:51,160 --> 00:24:54,160 Speaker 1: precursor to Doctor Strange Love in in that it's sort 390 00:24:54,160 --> 00:24:57,399 Speaker 1: of lampoons sort of the military system and the way 391 00:24:57,520 --> 00:25:00,200 Speaker 1: people blindly take orders. And then there's one character who 392 00:25:00,240 --> 00:25:02,439 Speaker 1: kind of was a little different. But it shows that 393 00:25:02,560 --> 00:25:05,439 Speaker 1: hierarchy of the officers class and it shows that on 394 00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:08,920 Speaker 1: the ground drunkenness kind of vibe as well. So I 395 00:25:08,960 --> 00:25:13,000 Speaker 1: think it's an interesting film for the downtown abbey upstairs. Downstairs. 396 00:25:13,280 --> 00:25:15,720 Speaker 1: It is like that, but it's much more tongue in 397 00:25:15,800 --> 00:25:19,639 Speaker 1: cheek and it's very it's very sardonic. It's an excellent, 398 00:25:19,680 --> 00:25:22,520 Speaker 1: excellent film. We just you guys, but I think before 399 00:25:22,560 --> 00:25:25,600 Speaker 1: we continue with all of this debauchery talk we should 400 00:25:25,640 --> 00:25:28,639 Speaker 1: have a quick pause for the cause. That is the 401 00:25:28,760 --> 00:25:41,720 Speaker 1: advertisements what keep our lights on. So we talked a 402 00:25:41,800 --> 00:25:48,960 Speaker 1: little bit about the use of military military sponsored drug programs, 403 00:25:50,000 --> 00:25:53,159 Speaker 1: but we would be remiss if we didn't mention the 404 00:25:53,720 --> 00:26:00,880 Speaker 1: wars over drugs. One of the first that historians typically 405 00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:04,440 Speaker 1: point to be the series of conflicts known as the 406 00:26:04,560 --> 00:26:07,520 Speaker 1: Opium Wars. We talked a little bit about this in 407 00:26:07,600 --> 00:26:10,040 Speaker 1: our podcast on the Great Game, which you can check 408 00:26:10,119 --> 00:26:12,879 Speaker 1: out at our website. Stuff they don't want you to 409 00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:18,840 Speaker 1: know dot com. However, quick and dirty version. Uh, China 410 00:26:19,520 --> 00:26:29,199 Speaker 1: had many resources that the British Empire wanted. China from one, yes, absolutely, however, Uh, 411 00:26:29,960 --> 00:26:33,440 Speaker 1: the British Empire did not have very many resources that 412 00:26:33,800 --> 00:26:38,159 Speaker 1: China wanted. They did control opium productions, so they became 413 00:26:38,240 --> 00:26:42,760 Speaker 1: as an empire this huge drug pusher and China said, 414 00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:47,600 Speaker 1: stop pushing opium on our people. It's doing terrible things. 415 00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:50,159 Speaker 1: And then they fought a series of wars for that 416 00:26:51,359 --> 00:26:58,680 Speaker 1: because it was ultimately, as every single war has eventually been, 417 00:26:59,040 --> 00:27:02,680 Speaker 1: it's over resources. And they might disguise it as ideology 418 00:27:02,840 --> 00:27:07,119 Speaker 1: to sucker other people. Uh. Yes, and if you're if 419 00:27:07,160 --> 00:27:09,200 Speaker 1: you're interested in opium wars. Check out our videos that 420 00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:10,800 Speaker 1: we did on that topic. There are a couple of 421 00:27:11,119 --> 00:27:14,000 Speaker 1: rather extensive ones. I think one is almost eight minutes long, 422 00:27:14,080 --> 00:27:16,159 Speaker 1: and it goes through all the history of it. We 423 00:27:16,320 --> 00:27:19,960 Speaker 1: also notice, right and you notice this too, that cocaine 424 00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:23,480 Speaker 1: has been used as an income stream for various militias 425 00:27:23,920 --> 00:27:29,120 Speaker 1: and militaries, including facets of the US military. Uh shout 426 00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:33,280 Speaker 1: out to Oliver North and the Nicaraguan contras. Yeah, and 427 00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:38,520 Speaker 1: fark uh. So. Morphine was also used in the US 428 00:27:38,600 --> 00:27:41,840 Speaker 1: Civil War. It was the standout drug star of that. 429 00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:44,680 Speaker 1: It was used as a painkiller and get this to 430 00:27:44,880 --> 00:27:49,199 Speaker 1: stave off diarrhea. Yeah, because diarrhea was extremely dangerous at 431 00:27:49,280 --> 00:27:54,719 Speaker 1: that time. And apparently opia opiates give make people constipated 432 00:27:54,720 --> 00:27:57,359 Speaker 1: when they use it pretty regularly. Well there you go. 433 00:27:58,280 --> 00:28:02,280 Speaker 1: So so it worked in that regard. People just probably 434 00:28:02,400 --> 00:28:06,399 Speaker 1: weren't as aware of the side effects were the highly 435 00:28:06,480 --> 00:28:11,400 Speaker 1: addictive nature. So hundreds of thousands of people returned from 436 00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:14,960 Speaker 1: the war with U with an addiction. Well it's funny. 437 00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:16,520 Speaker 1: It's it's like we were talking about earlier, where you 438 00:28:16,720 --> 00:28:20,000 Speaker 1: kind of like you sort of plunge headlong into these 439 00:28:20,080 --> 00:28:23,520 Speaker 1: things because they have an immediate effect whether you're you know, 440 00:28:23,680 --> 00:28:26,600 Speaker 1: early man chooing that leaf and getting a burst of energy. 441 00:28:26,920 --> 00:28:29,720 Speaker 1: Even as as as recently as the Civil War. You 442 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:32,639 Speaker 1: you have a drug that allows people to return to battle, 443 00:28:32,760 --> 00:28:35,600 Speaker 1: you know, returned to the battlefield. You're gonna use it 444 00:28:35,720 --> 00:28:37,680 Speaker 1: and you're not really going to think about the consequences. 445 00:28:38,040 --> 00:28:40,719 Speaker 1: And that is a whole another problem that then springs 446 00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:43,320 Speaker 1: up later that you have to then deal with. You've 447 00:28:43,360 --> 00:28:46,760 Speaker 1: kind of created an epidemic and hopefully, yeah, hopefully learn 448 00:28:46,960 --> 00:28:51,440 Speaker 1: from the past, which princess do. The story of the 449 00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:56,240 Speaker 1: bell of the ball when it comes to military sponsored 450 00:28:56,320 --> 00:29:05,600 Speaker 1: drug use, and that's speed I meth amphetamine, uh Heisenberg blue, 451 00:29:06,520 --> 00:29:10,520 Speaker 1: I'm just making words up now at this point, no 452 00:29:10,920 --> 00:29:12,920 Speaker 1: could could you break down a little bit of the 453 00:29:13,040 --> 00:29:18,000 Speaker 1: invention of m amphetamine for us. So, Emphetamine was first 454 00:29:18,160 --> 00:29:22,560 Speaker 1: synthesized in eighteen eighties seven in Germany by a Romanian 455 00:29:22,640 --> 00:29:26,240 Speaker 1: chemist by the name of Lazar Adeln who named it 456 00:29:27,280 --> 00:29:29,520 Speaker 1: let me see if I can get this right fenale 457 00:29:29,600 --> 00:29:33,440 Speaker 1: isopropyl amine um. And then in eighteen ninety three, a 458 00:29:33,760 --> 00:29:39,360 Speaker 1: Japanese chemist named Nagai Naga Yoshi synthesized methamphetamine from ephedrine, 459 00:29:39,440 --> 00:29:42,320 Speaker 1: which is still I think one of the main precursors 460 00:29:42,520 --> 00:29:46,600 Speaker 1: used today to make which is why people used to 461 00:29:46,760 --> 00:29:49,840 Speaker 1: buy those People used to buy those over the counter 462 00:29:50,480 --> 00:29:54,280 Speaker 1: pills that contained the federan and use it to create 463 00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:57,840 Speaker 1: meth amphetamine. And now if anyone you know, watch who 464 00:29:57,920 --> 00:30:00,960 Speaker 1: watches Breaking Bad knows this, or anyone who's tried to 465 00:30:01,040 --> 00:30:03,520 Speaker 1: buy some cold medicine, you sometimes have to sign a 466 00:30:03,600 --> 00:30:06,280 Speaker 1: registry and at the very least you've got to get 467 00:30:06,320 --> 00:30:09,040 Speaker 1: it from over the counter, from behind the counter, rather 468 00:30:09,360 --> 00:30:11,680 Speaker 1: just buy it and off the rack. Yeah, because apparently 469 00:30:11,760 --> 00:30:15,719 Speaker 1: people were driving around and buying. At first there were 470 00:30:15,760 --> 00:30:18,600 Speaker 1: no limits on how much one person could buy, and 471 00:30:18,680 --> 00:30:21,040 Speaker 1: then in some states people were driving around and buying 472 00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:24,320 Speaker 1: it and multiple you know, gas stations and pharmacis and yeah, 473 00:30:24,320 --> 00:30:27,360 Speaker 1: they call them smurfs and uh and Breaking Bad the 474 00:30:27,400 --> 00:30:30,920 Speaker 1: people to go around and get the pseudoepha draine. That's 475 00:30:30,960 --> 00:30:33,040 Speaker 1: their job is to like go to go all over 476 00:30:33,240 --> 00:30:34,480 Speaker 1: as far as they have to go to get the 477 00:30:34,600 --> 00:30:37,560 Speaker 1: right amount to make the batch that's needed. I totally 478 00:30:37,600 --> 00:30:40,240 Speaker 1: forgot about that they call them smurfs. What does this show? 479 00:30:40,280 --> 00:30:42,240 Speaker 1: You guys keep talking about you know, breaking, you and 480 00:30:42,360 --> 00:30:47,880 Speaker 1: see Breaking Bad, Breaking It's like Uh, you like friends, right, Yes, 481 00:30:48,080 --> 00:30:52,560 Speaker 1: it's like friends, but with but with whoa yeah, met friends, 482 00:30:52,760 --> 00:30:57,760 Speaker 1: met friends, the best friends. Uh. In four uh, company 483 00:30:57,960 --> 00:31:01,840 Speaker 1: Smith Klein and French began selling amphetamine as an inhaler 484 00:31:02,040 --> 00:31:05,360 Speaker 1: under the trade name benz Adrine and was designed as 485 00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:12,200 Speaker 1: a decongestant. Well and it it took off again. We 486 00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:15,160 Speaker 1: we have to remember it's one of the points you 487 00:31:15,240 --> 00:31:19,320 Speaker 1: made earlier that the people who are peddling these aren't 488 00:31:19,360 --> 00:31:23,160 Speaker 1: necessarily bad people in any way. They're just perhaps not 489 00:31:23,320 --> 00:31:28,320 Speaker 1: as aware of the possibilities of what could happen. And 490 00:31:28,480 --> 00:31:31,040 Speaker 1: there's lots of profits to be and there's a definite 491 00:31:31,320 --> 00:31:36,720 Speaker 1: profit motive there. Inarguable evidence indicates that both the Axis 492 00:31:36,920 --> 00:31:41,560 Speaker 1: and the Allied Powers used speed on a routine basis 493 00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:45,560 Speaker 1: during World War Two. Yeah, there's a substance that was 494 00:31:45,680 --> 00:31:48,640 Speaker 1: used under the brand name. It sounds a little strange, 495 00:31:49,560 --> 00:31:53,800 Speaker 1: perveting pervting p E r v I t I N. 496 00:31:54,080 --> 00:31:56,760 Speaker 1: Initially this was intended only to be dispensed to military 497 00:31:56,840 --> 00:32:01,320 Speaker 1: drivers on the front lines with Poland on the German side. Correct. Um, 498 00:32:02,440 --> 00:32:06,560 Speaker 1: guess what what? That didn't last Between April and July 499 00:32:06,640 --> 00:32:09,920 Speaker 1: of nineteen forty more than thirty five million tablets of 500 00:32:10,000 --> 00:32:14,000 Speaker 1: perveteen and Iso Fan. This was a slightly modified version 501 00:32:14,080 --> 00:32:17,400 Speaker 1: that was produced by another company. They were shipped to 502 00:32:17,520 --> 00:32:20,960 Speaker 1: the German Army and Air Force, so that's a lot 503 00:32:21,160 --> 00:32:25,800 Speaker 1: of them. And uh, just really fast before we move on. 504 00:32:26,160 --> 00:32:29,160 Speaker 1: I'm just thinking about drivers using some kind of upper 505 00:32:29,200 --> 00:32:32,560 Speaker 1: in that way, and it just reminds me of tales 506 00:32:32,760 --> 00:32:36,040 Speaker 1: I have heard from truck drivers who have to go 507 00:32:36,160 --> 00:32:38,640 Speaker 1: cross country in a fairly short amount of time, or 508 00:32:38,640 --> 00:32:41,120 Speaker 1: at least as fast as possible. You have to stay 509 00:32:41,160 --> 00:32:45,960 Speaker 1: awake when you're driving twelve fourteen, sixteen hours, right, We 510 00:32:46,120 --> 00:32:52,320 Speaker 1: know that, We know that in many civilian occupations where 511 00:32:52,440 --> 00:32:57,800 Speaker 1: there's a large amount of time that requires some sustained focus. 512 00:32:58,720 --> 00:33:01,800 Speaker 1: Uppers of and sort or another or common you can 513 00:33:01,840 --> 00:33:05,880 Speaker 1: go to a truck stop across America's interstates and find 514 00:33:06,720 --> 00:33:12,400 Speaker 1: various things purporting to be legal speed. And the difference 515 00:33:12,440 --> 00:33:19,120 Speaker 1: here is that this was a military condoning it enforcing 516 00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:23,120 Speaker 1: it in private partnership. The people in charge of privor team. 517 00:33:23,160 --> 00:33:26,640 Speaker 1: We're making so much money hand over fist. And one 518 00:33:26,680 --> 00:33:29,200 Speaker 1: of the heartbreaking things about this is that you can 519 00:33:29,320 --> 00:33:33,320 Speaker 1: read letters from the front lines to you know, like 520 00:33:33,640 --> 00:33:37,840 Speaker 1: these are younger soldiers writing to their parents saying, I'm okay. 521 00:33:38,320 --> 00:33:41,320 Speaker 1: You know, war as hell, but here I am hey. Also, 522 00:33:41,520 --> 00:33:44,840 Speaker 1: could you send me some more of this stuff or 523 00:33:45,040 --> 00:33:48,120 Speaker 1: some money to buy it. We also know from nineteen 524 00:33:48,160 --> 00:33:53,400 Speaker 1: forty two to nine, Hitler himself was given meth injections. 525 00:33:53,560 --> 00:33:56,200 Speaker 1: This is a fact that many historians have argued contributed 526 00:33:56,280 --> 00:34:00,800 Speaker 1: somewhat to his increasingly erratic behavior over time. Uhm. It's 527 00:34:00,800 --> 00:34:03,880 Speaker 1: also known that he used cocaine and heroin, so he 528 00:34:04,000 --> 00:34:06,760 Speaker 1: was bouncing all over the place with different drugs. Yeah. 529 00:34:06,920 --> 00:34:13,400 Speaker 1: His personal doctor has has written proof of something like 530 00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:17,120 Speaker 1: eight hundred plus injections he gave the he gave the guy. 531 00:34:17,360 --> 00:34:20,200 Speaker 1: I'm referring to Aidolf Hitler as the guy. Uh he. 532 00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:24,279 Speaker 1: Also we also know that there was extensive drug use 533 00:34:24,440 --> 00:34:28,640 Speaker 1: in many of the many of the upper sphears of 534 00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:32,920 Speaker 1: the Reich organization. You can read a lot about this 535 00:34:33,239 --> 00:34:37,440 Speaker 1: in a book called Blitz, which will won't mention later 536 00:34:37,560 --> 00:34:40,640 Speaker 1: and further reading. Yeah, but it shows an inside look 537 00:34:40,800 --> 00:34:47,000 Speaker 1: at just how extensive drug use was amongst the Reich. 538 00:34:47,120 --> 00:34:50,480 Speaker 1: And and also in this regard, we have to point 539 00:34:50,520 --> 00:34:54,920 Speaker 1: out that the at least one of the Allied forces, 540 00:34:55,000 --> 00:35:01,880 Speaker 1: Winston Churchill, was off his goal for most most if 541 00:35:01,960 --> 00:35:05,080 Speaker 1: not all, of the war. He was stinking drunk for 542 00:35:05,120 --> 00:35:09,880 Speaker 1: a lot of important moments in world's history. You know, 543 00:35:10,040 --> 00:35:12,439 Speaker 1: people like, I'm not saying he did a bad job, 544 00:35:12,640 --> 00:35:15,759 Speaker 1: but it is ignoring the truth if we ignore that. 545 00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:20,880 Speaker 1: That is also a form of drug abuse. So Finland, 546 00:35:21,000 --> 00:35:24,239 Speaker 1: for the record, also used this stimulant, but as far 547 00:35:24,280 --> 00:35:27,280 Speaker 1: as we know, it was only issued to elite long 548 00:35:27,520 --> 00:35:33,319 Speaker 1: range commandos. Japan was also extensively involved in the use 549 00:35:33,400 --> 00:35:36,880 Speaker 1: of methamphetamines. It was sold under the registered trademark of 550 00:35:37,160 --> 00:35:44,880 Speaker 1: Philopon by a company called Dinipon Pharmaceuticals, and they exist today, 551 00:35:45,080 --> 00:35:48,040 Speaker 1: by the way, under a different name, and estimated one 552 00:35:48,160 --> 00:35:52,279 Speaker 1: billion Philipon fills were produced between nineteen thirty nine and 553 00:35:52,480 --> 00:35:58,320 Speaker 1: nineteen five. Japan, unlike other countries, supplied this substance not 554 00:35:58,480 --> 00:36:02,080 Speaker 1: just to their military, but all too industrial workers. So 555 00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:05,120 Speaker 1: imagine being at a factory and say, hey, you've got 556 00:36:05,239 --> 00:36:08,200 Speaker 1: eight hours, do you want to do twice the amount 557 00:36:08,239 --> 00:36:12,319 Speaker 1: of work? Jeez? Just keep going, man, keep going, keep going, 558 00:36:12,440 --> 00:36:14,759 Speaker 1: keep going. Here's when you may have heard of. Emphetamine 559 00:36:14,840 --> 00:36:18,040 Speaker 1: was also given to Allied bomber pilots during w W two, 560 00:36:18,600 --> 00:36:22,800 Speaker 1: the Laurier Military History Archives in Ontario, Canada contain records 561 00:36:22,880 --> 00:36:26,879 Speaker 1: that suggest soldiers UM should were recommended. They ingest five 562 00:36:26,960 --> 00:36:30,560 Speaker 1: milligrams to twenty milligrams of benzadrine sulfe every five to 563 00:36:30,600 --> 00:36:33,520 Speaker 1: six hours, and it is estimated the seventy two million 564 00:36:33,640 --> 00:36:36,960 Speaker 1: emphetamine tablets were consumed by the Allies during World War Two. 565 00:36:37,040 --> 00:36:40,480 Speaker 1: That is a mountain of speed all in one night. 566 00:36:41,360 --> 00:36:48,000 Speaker 1: And then paratroopers also were allegedly using UH emphetamines during 567 00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:51,080 Speaker 1: the D Day landings, while U. S. Marines relied on 568 00:36:51,239 --> 00:36:57,040 Speaker 1: it for the invasion of Tarawa in oh And if 569 00:36:57,120 --> 00:37:00,800 Speaker 1: it continues today. Actually, I wanted to recommend UM stuff 570 00:37:00,840 --> 00:37:04,040 Speaker 1: to blow your mind. Our sister podcasts recently did an 571 00:37:04,080 --> 00:37:07,319 Speaker 1: episode called Combat Stems UM. A lot of it had 572 00:37:07,360 --> 00:37:10,160 Speaker 1: to do with some science fiction use of drugs and 573 00:37:10,360 --> 00:37:13,840 Speaker 1: video games like Fallout, the Fallout universe where you have 574 00:37:13,960 --> 00:37:15,960 Speaker 1: like Jet and Psycho and a lot of these UH 575 00:37:16,280 --> 00:37:19,000 Speaker 1: kind of fictional drugs that are based on real things. 576 00:37:19,080 --> 00:37:22,320 Speaker 1: But Star Ground, they got a letter from a listener 577 00:37:22,920 --> 00:37:29,000 Speaker 1: that UM who who was who served recently overseas, and 578 00:37:29,760 --> 00:37:32,680 Speaker 1: he said it was a very common knowledge that there 579 00:37:32,840 --> 00:37:36,680 Speaker 1: was plenty of sanctioned use of adderall um, which is 580 00:37:37,200 --> 00:37:41,080 Speaker 1: a form of methamphetamine. It's not really methamphetamy minutes and ANALOGU. 581 00:37:41,080 --> 00:37:43,920 Speaker 1: I would say it has very similar effects, UM, and 582 00:37:44,360 --> 00:37:47,319 Speaker 1: things just like nicotine for example, was just very much 583 00:37:47,400 --> 00:37:49,399 Speaker 1: par for the course. UM. So I recommend you guys 584 00:37:49,440 --> 00:37:50,640 Speaker 1: check out that episode if you want to catch a 585 00:37:50,680 --> 00:37:53,080 Speaker 1: little supplement for some of this stuff. Right, and we 586 00:37:53,440 --> 00:37:56,879 Speaker 1: this brings us to the present. UH. Here's the name 587 00:37:57,440 --> 00:38:00,560 Speaker 1: one of the common names for the modern a speed 588 00:38:01,000 --> 00:38:03,880 Speaker 1: used by the U. S. Army. They're called go pills. 589 00:38:04,480 --> 00:38:07,520 Speaker 1: The U. S. Air Force has pilots, of course, and 590 00:38:07,560 --> 00:38:10,200 Speaker 1: those pilots use amphetamines and it's one of the most 591 00:38:10,280 --> 00:38:14,000 Speaker 1: widely documented examples of the use of performance enhancing drugs 592 00:38:14,080 --> 00:38:19,279 Speaker 1: by military personnel period these UH. These individuals are often 593 00:38:19,360 --> 00:38:22,959 Speaker 1: tasked with excessively long missions, some of them might last 594 00:38:23,440 --> 00:38:26,799 Speaker 1: upwards a twenty hours, and d O D scientists began 595 00:38:26,880 --> 00:38:30,200 Speaker 1: to issue what are called dextro amphetamines more commonly known 596 00:38:30,239 --> 00:38:32,279 Speaker 1: as speed but referred to as go pills in the 597 00:38:32,320 --> 00:38:35,480 Speaker 1: Air Force to the pilots to ensure they're alert long 598 00:38:35,680 --> 00:38:40,640 Speaker 1: enough after tiredness and fatigues would have started driving their 599 00:38:40,680 --> 00:38:43,840 Speaker 1: mental performance down. It's like the old thing, did you 600 00:38:43,920 --> 00:38:45,320 Speaker 1: guys ever do this when you were a kid, to 601 00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:49,520 Speaker 1: see do you ever see how long you could stay awake? Still? 602 00:38:49,680 --> 00:38:53,359 Speaker 1: How long did you make it? So? Twenty four hours? 603 00:38:53,480 --> 00:38:55,759 Speaker 1: Remember staying up all night A handful of times where 604 00:38:55,760 --> 00:38:57,840 Speaker 1: I really really tried and felt good about it, like 605 00:38:57,920 --> 00:39:02,400 Speaker 1: I kind of cheated death and m way my My longest, 606 00:39:02,520 --> 00:39:06,080 Speaker 1: I think is around thirty seven hours. But then at 607 00:39:06,120 --> 00:39:08,919 Speaker 1: that point there was nothing I could do. Right After 608 00:39:08,960 --> 00:39:13,440 Speaker 1: a certain point, you begin to hallucinate, used, lose dexterity, 609 00:39:13,840 --> 00:39:16,920 Speaker 1: and I would say you lose your mental agility as well. 610 00:39:17,360 --> 00:39:20,640 Speaker 1: It was during the film fest when I was in college. 611 00:39:20,840 --> 00:39:23,200 Speaker 1: That's when it happened. I tried to make it, but 612 00:39:23,280 --> 00:39:26,360 Speaker 1: I could not. Now the what's interesting here is that 613 00:39:26,440 --> 00:39:31,640 Speaker 1: the the Air Force admits prescribing what they call small 614 00:39:31,760 --> 00:39:35,040 Speaker 1: doses of these and similar substances to pilots on long 615 00:39:35,160 --> 00:39:39,120 Speaker 1: range missions. Surveys show that roughly half of American fighter 616 00:39:39,200 --> 00:39:43,719 Speaker 1: pilots took emphetamines during Desert Storm. Some commanders were so 617 00:39:43,960 --> 00:39:47,040 Speaker 1: alarmed by the what they saw as a growing addiction 618 00:39:47,360 --> 00:39:50,160 Speaker 1: to the pills that they ordered their subordinates uh not 619 00:39:50,360 --> 00:39:53,839 Speaker 1: to use them and this. This stuff is commonly known 620 00:39:53,960 --> 00:39:58,600 Speaker 1: by its brand name dexadrine. In civilian use. It's primarily 621 00:39:58,680 --> 00:40:02,840 Speaker 1: meant to treat hyperactivit and children and narcilepsy, and arcilepsy 622 00:40:02,880 --> 00:40:05,920 Speaker 1: of course being the being the disorder in which patients 623 00:40:05,960 --> 00:40:10,320 Speaker 1: fall asleep suddenly without warning. The drugs produced by Glaxo 624 00:40:10,480 --> 00:40:13,480 Speaker 1: smith Klein, which is based in the United Kingdom. And 625 00:40:13,560 --> 00:40:18,680 Speaker 1: that name might sound a little bit familiar because Glaxo 626 00:40:18,800 --> 00:40:23,800 Speaker 1: smith Klein is descended from the earlier company smith Klein 627 00:40:23,920 --> 00:40:27,879 Speaker 1: in French that we began with, that we mentioned in four. 628 00:40:30,600 --> 00:40:36,399 Speaker 1: And the US has a unique history with a lot 629 00:40:36,520 --> 00:40:39,400 Speaker 1: of with a lot of these drugs, just because so 630 00:40:39,560 --> 00:40:44,040 Speaker 1: many wars drive innovation, or drive that cycle of trial 631 00:40:44,160 --> 00:40:49,040 Speaker 1: and error into a at a much faster clip. Right, 632 00:40:49,440 --> 00:40:53,080 Speaker 1: So things that would have taken ten years to figure out, 633 00:40:53,160 --> 00:40:55,239 Speaker 1: take one, things that would have taken a hundred years 634 00:40:55,280 --> 00:40:57,840 Speaker 1: to figure out, take ten. Because the you know, the 635 00:40:57,920 --> 00:41:02,640 Speaker 1: clock is ticking, and we're seen entire nations and cultures 636 00:41:02,760 --> 00:41:06,520 Speaker 1: pour all of their energy into something. According to an 637 00:41:06,560 --> 00:41:09,640 Speaker 1: author named David Grossman, Vietnam was the first war in 638 00:41:09,719 --> 00:41:13,560 Speaker 1: which the forces of modern pharmacology were directed to empower 639 00:41:13,680 --> 00:41:19,319 Speaker 1: the battlefield soldier. So for the first time we talked 640 00:41:19,360 --> 00:41:24,279 Speaker 1: about speed being prescribed or or mandated in World War Two, 641 00:41:24,640 --> 00:41:27,560 Speaker 1: but for the first time in military history in Vietnam, 642 00:41:28,280 --> 00:41:33,040 Speaker 1: that's the first time we see potent antipsychotic drugs being prescribed. 643 00:41:33,480 --> 00:41:37,360 Speaker 1: And these are things that are also manufactured by Glaxo 644 00:41:37,480 --> 00:41:42,120 Speaker 1: Smith Klient, such as thorazine. The massive use of drugs 645 00:41:42,400 --> 00:41:47,640 Speaker 1: in Vietnam led to crippling UH, crippling PTSD post traumatic 646 00:41:47,680 --> 00:41:52,920 Speaker 1: stress disorder, and addiction among veterans, and a lot of this, unfortunately, 647 00:41:53,320 --> 00:41:55,720 Speaker 1: there's another conspiracy here. A lot of it was swept 648 00:41:55,840 --> 00:41:59,120 Speaker 1: under the rug by the US government. And when we 649 00:41:59,280 --> 00:42:02,800 Speaker 1: say like an addiction and an epidemic, to use Knowle's 650 00:42:02,840 --> 00:42:08,360 Speaker 1: earlier term, there were veterans that were dying of withdrawal 651 00:42:08,560 --> 00:42:13,360 Speaker 1: associated symptoms on the plane ride back from Vietnam. So 652 00:42:13,440 --> 00:42:16,800 Speaker 1: imagine your your hardcore addicted to a substance. You're on 653 00:42:16,920 --> 00:42:23,160 Speaker 1: the plane for what a thirteen fourteen hour flight. It 654 00:42:23,280 --> 00:42:26,600 Speaker 1: doesn't it doesn't look good, you know, Uh, it's gonna be, 655 00:42:26,800 --> 00:42:31,800 Speaker 1: at best, a very unpleasant experience. Thinking about these antipsychotic drugs, 656 00:42:32,120 --> 00:42:35,600 Speaker 1: I'm imagining everything that we've learned over time about how 657 00:42:36,480 --> 00:42:39,239 Speaker 1: certain drugs that are meant to treat that kind of thing, 658 00:42:39,360 --> 00:42:45,320 Speaker 1: or or are antipsychotic can actually enhance effects of feeling 659 00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:51,480 Speaker 1: depressed or um can exhibit violent behaviors and that kind 660 00:42:51,480 --> 00:42:54,520 Speaker 1: of thing. And I'm just imagining in the context of 661 00:42:54,560 --> 00:42:57,760 Speaker 1: the Vietnam War, if those drugs actually had any effect, 662 00:42:57,920 --> 00:43:01,600 Speaker 1: and I'm I'm gonna look more into that. Yeah, well, 663 00:43:01,680 --> 00:43:07,880 Speaker 1: we know that it did promote a huge, huge jump 664 00:43:08,120 --> 00:43:11,560 Speaker 1: in usage of these drugs. They were freely available. You know, 665 00:43:11,760 --> 00:43:15,440 Speaker 1: this is near this is near one of the epicenters 666 00:43:15,760 --> 00:43:19,880 Speaker 1: of heroin and opium production where this war occurs, and 667 00:43:20,320 --> 00:43:24,840 Speaker 1: of course use of methamphetamine is also present there. But 668 00:43:25,360 --> 00:43:30,440 Speaker 1: these uses of drugs were not restricted to wartime events 669 00:43:30,640 --> 00:43:34,400 Speaker 1: or front of line front of line phenomena. We also 670 00:43:34,560 --> 00:43:41,160 Speaker 1: know that various militaries, various governments have an extensive and 671 00:43:41,280 --> 00:43:47,960 Speaker 1: unfortunate history of conducting experiments on civilians and on soldiers, 672 00:43:48,080 --> 00:44:00,840 Speaker 1: and we will get into that immediately after another quick break. So, 673 00:44:01,040 --> 00:44:03,560 Speaker 1: for two decades during the Cold War, the U. S. 674 00:44:03,680 --> 00:44:07,359 Speaker 1: Army tested chemical weapons on American soldiers at a place 675 00:44:07,400 --> 00:44:11,000 Speaker 1: called Edgewood Arsenal, which was a secluded research facility on 676 00:44:11,160 --> 00:44:14,440 Speaker 1: the Chesapeake Bay where thousands of men were recruited to 677 00:44:14,560 --> 00:44:18,960 Speaker 1: volunteer um and were exposed to chemicals ranging from mustard gas, 678 00:44:19,400 --> 00:44:25,440 Speaker 1: saren gas, LSD, PCP, just a boatload of psychotropic and 679 00:44:25,480 --> 00:44:28,640 Speaker 1: pharmaceutical substances. So at the center of all this was 680 00:44:28,680 --> 00:44:31,920 Speaker 1: a man named Colonel James Ketchum who was conducting the 681 00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:36,200 Speaker 1: experiments UH, specifically one with a drug called b z um. 682 00:44:36,360 --> 00:44:41,000 Speaker 1: The Arsenal's chief scientist, Dr Van Murray sim instigated a 683 00:44:41,400 --> 00:44:49,400 Speaker 1: whole battery of overseas practical experiments in which LSD was 684 00:44:49,480 --> 00:44:54,200 Speaker 1: tested and enhanced interrogations that should probably that as well 685 00:44:54,719 --> 00:44:59,640 Speaker 1: on poor and helpless, unwitting subjects. Yeah, and just a 686 00:44:59,719 --> 00:45:03,960 Speaker 1: new b z might be unfamiliar to some of us, 687 00:45:04,080 --> 00:45:06,360 Speaker 1: was unfamiliar to us when we're first looking into this. 688 00:45:07,360 --> 00:45:13,600 Speaker 1: It's real name is three quino cladonal benzolate. UH. It 689 00:45:13,840 --> 00:45:17,960 Speaker 1: is a it was called substance seventy eight by the 690 00:45:18,120 --> 00:45:21,359 Speaker 1: Soviet Army and which is probably my favorite name there. UH. 691 00:45:21,800 --> 00:45:26,320 Speaker 1: It is a compound related to atropine, scope al amine 692 00:45:26,680 --> 00:45:30,680 Speaker 1: or a couple other deliriums, and the effects that I 693 00:45:30,760 --> 00:45:39,759 Speaker 1: have are inducing stupor confusion, illusions, hallucination. UH. And just 694 00:45:39,920 --> 00:45:43,360 Speaker 1: absolute madness. It's it's not a thing to put in 695 00:45:43,560 --> 00:45:50,719 Speaker 1: somebody's coffee and a surprise, which we're actually gonna get 696 00:45:50,719 --> 00:45:53,080 Speaker 1: to something kind of like that very soon after. We 697 00:45:53,200 --> 00:45:59,480 Speaker 1: talk about captagon, which is a I guess it's it's 698 00:45:59,560 --> 00:46:03,759 Speaker 1: like bead. It's pretty much a speed um and we've 699 00:46:03,800 --> 00:46:08,879 Speaker 1: seen its use in especially in Syria. This comes from 700 00:46:08,880 --> 00:46:14,160 Speaker 1: Al Jazeera from a recent article from in November. Middle 701 00:46:14,200 --> 00:46:16,440 Speaker 1: Eastern conflicts have seen an increase in the rise of 702 00:46:16,520 --> 00:46:20,040 Speaker 1: Captain Gone and amphetamine that's allegedly fueling serious civil war. 703 00:46:20,640 --> 00:46:25,480 Speaker 1: Last November, eleven million pills were seized by Turkish officials 704 00:46:25,520 --> 00:46:29,400 Speaker 1: at the Syrian Turkish border, while this April one point 705 00:46:29,520 --> 00:46:32,920 Speaker 1: five million were seasoned in Kuwait. And there's this BBC 706 00:46:33,120 --> 00:46:37,880 Speaker 1: documentary called Syria's War Drug that was in September, and 707 00:46:38,600 --> 00:46:41,360 Speaker 1: if if you watch that, I would say, if you 708 00:46:41,400 --> 00:46:44,560 Speaker 1: can find it, you should watch it. But there's one 709 00:46:44,640 --> 00:46:47,040 Speaker 1: user of this drug who was saying, quote, there was 710 00:46:47,160 --> 00:46:50,200 Speaker 1: no fear anymore when I took Captain Gone. You can't 711 00:46:50,280 --> 00:46:54,000 Speaker 1: sleep or close your eyes, forget about it. So this 712 00:46:54,160 --> 00:46:56,960 Speaker 1: is a drug that would just keep you going no 713 00:46:57,080 --> 00:46:59,200 Speaker 1: matter what. At all times. You're going to be aware 714 00:46:59,400 --> 00:47:01,600 Speaker 1: at least some wan aware of your surroundings. Did either 715 00:47:01,640 --> 00:47:06,239 Speaker 1: of you watch Jessica Jones, remember the character who was 716 00:47:06,400 --> 00:47:10,400 Speaker 1: on some sort of experimental drug based on Nuke from 717 00:47:10,440 --> 00:47:12,520 Speaker 1: the comic book right right, But like it seems like 718 00:47:12,719 --> 00:47:16,000 Speaker 1: this was in that vein where it sort of caused 719 00:47:16,080 --> 00:47:18,239 Speaker 1: him to just go almost as though he were like 720 00:47:18,360 --> 00:47:20,600 Speaker 1: a sleeper agent all of a sudden go into just 721 00:47:20,719 --> 00:47:23,800 Speaker 1: berserker mode where he had no fear and felt no 722 00:47:23,960 --> 00:47:27,440 Speaker 1: pain and only wanted to kill. And people say that 723 00:47:27,600 --> 00:47:31,040 Speaker 1: there's a I guess the best way to say it 724 00:47:31,200 --> 00:47:34,400 Speaker 1: is that this popped up in the news recently and 725 00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:37,239 Speaker 1: by recently with me a few years ago where there 726 00:47:37,280 --> 00:47:40,640 Speaker 1: were you would read stories of you know, like the 727 00:47:41,000 --> 00:47:47,360 Speaker 1: Middle Eastern officials private plane detained with thousands of Captagon pills. 728 00:47:47,760 --> 00:47:52,360 Speaker 1: And Captagon is a brand name for finnith thilein. And 729 00:47:52,600 --> 00:47:57,760 Speaker 1: this the way Captagon works is that it's a combination accord. 730 00:47:57,840 --> 00:48:01,520 Speaker 1: This is according to Nicholas Rasmussen, who's professor of History 731 00:48:01,560 --> 00:48:05,360 Speaker 1: and Philosophy of Science at uh New South Wales in Australia. 732 00:48:05,680 --> 00:48:08,480 Speaker 1: Is say Captagon is really a combination of two drugs, 733 00:48:08,600 --> 00:48:12,600 Speaker 1: theophiline and amphetamine. Instead of combination is inactive in the body, 734 00:48:12,680 --> 00:48:15,359 Speaker 1: but when the body breaks down into the two components, 735 00:48:15,760 --> 00:48:23,239 Speaker 1: each part becomes active. So captagon is relatively mild in 736 00:48:23,320 --> 00:48:28,000 Speaker 1: the world of emphetamines, and some people, including Professor of 737 00:48:28,080 --> 00:48:32,080 Speaker 1: psychology and psychiatry Carl Hart at Columbia University, went so 738 00:48:32,200 --> 00:48:36,640 Speaker 1: far as to call it an inferior phetamine amphetamine. So 739 00:48:36,880 --> 00:48:40,239 Speaker 1: they say that, like adderall, captagon was once used to 740 00:48:40,960 --> 00:48:46,960 Speaker 1: treat behavioral problems, but it is definitely seen as a 741 00:48:47,280 --> 00:48:51,120 Speaker 1: performance enhancing drug. People also say abuse of it has 742 00:48:51,160 --> 00:48:54,080 Speaker 1: been a problem in Saudi Arabia for over a decade. 743 00:48:54,120 --> 00:48:58,120 Speaker 1: It's it's big in the Middle East, and we know 744 00:48:58,400 --> 00:49:02,000 Speaker 1: that this use is is probably going to continue. If 745 00:49:02,040 --> 00:49:07,040 Speaker 1: people own the means to manufacture it, and it's seen 746 00:49:07,320 --> 00:49:11,600 Speaker 1: as providing uh, someone an edge when they're when they're 747 00:49:11,600 --> 00:49:16,400 Speaker 1: fighting in battle, then why wouldn't they continue using it? 748 00:49:17,640 --> 00:49:21,040 Speaker 1: I don't see why. And we have another, of course, 749 00:49:21,200 --> 00:49:24,160 Speaker 1: we have a should we call this the honorable mention 750 00:49:24,719 --> 00:49:28,440 Speaker 1: or human experimentation emeritus As far as drugs go, I 751 00:49:28,560 --> 00:49:33,160 Speaker 1: like it. You're talking about Ultra MK Ultra and all 752 00:49:33,200 --> 00:49:36,200 Speaker 1: the other experiments that went on around that time, all 753 00:49:36,239 --> 00:49:40,760 Speaker 1: the operations over the other ones Artichoke. I can't remember 754 00:49:41,040 --> 00:49:43,080 Speaker 1: the list of them, but there's there's a whole host 755 00:49:43,800 --> 00:49:49,200 Speaker 1: of Mockingbird. I think was one of CIA operations that 756 00:49:49,280 --> 00:49:52,640 Speaker 1: we're dealing with testing out drugs and what we can 757 00:49:52,680 --> 00:49:56,160 Speaker 1: do with these from an intelligence perspective, right to see 758 00:49:56,360 --> 00:50:01,320 Speaker 1: if they could if they could create man Enturian candidates 759 00:50:01,440 --> 00:50:06,200 Speaker 1: or sleeper agents, or if they could create a truth 760 00:50:06,480 --> 00:50:10,880 Speaker 1: serra for interrogations, if they could mess with people's memories. 761 00:50:11,040 --> 00:50:17,239 Speaker 1: And it is, as we know, disturbingly possible to manipulate 762 00:50:17,280 --> 00:50:20,839 Speaker 1: a person's memories, especially because they're using the whole host 763 00:50:20,960 --> 00:50:23,120 Speaker 1: of drugs. They were testing pretty much everything. One of 764 00:50:23,200 --> 00:50:25,200 Speaker 1: the things they did that I thought was really disturbing 765 00:50:25,840 --> 00:50:31,520 Speaker 1: was forced morphine addiction and then forced withdrawal, so to 766 00:50:31,719 --> 00:50:34,560 Speaker 1: see the effect it would have on someone who is 767 00:50:34,960 --> 00:50:39,440 Speaker 1: a POW or something. They would forcibly addict subject to 768 00:50:39,600 --> 00:50:44,239 Speaker 1: morphine and then they would forcibly, uh you know, once 769 00:50:44,280 --> 00:50:46,600 Speaker 1: they got them to the addiction stage, who would forcibly 770 00:50:46,680 --> 00:50:49,920 Speaker 1: not give them any And I believe that I believe 771 00:50:50,000 --> 00:50:52,840 Speaker 1: that morphine is one of those drugs where the withdrawal 772 00:50:53,360 --> 00:50:56,920 Speaker 1: symptoms alone can actually take your life. Is that correct? 773 00:50:58,600 --> 00:51:02,839 Speaker 1: I don't know. I mean, it's my understanding that very 774 00:51:03,040 --> 00:51:08,719 Speaker 1: very intense opium opiates rather withdrawals can cause you to 775 00:51:09,560 --> 00:51:12,800 Speaker 1: you know, experience cardiac arrest or you can you know, 776 00:51:12,920 --> 00:51:17,000 Speaker 1: have trouble breathing and things like and this this also 777 00:51:17,120 --> 00:51:24,080 Speaker 1: involved you know, tricking people into having bad trips LSD famously, 778 00:51:24,560 --> 00:51:28,919 Speaker 1: right and famously that's one of the only documented mk 779 00:51:29,360 --> 00:51:35,160 Speaker 1: ultra deaths. Allegedly again, the only documented one is someone 780 00:51:35,360 --> 00:51:39,399 Speaker 1: who while on LSD jumped through a window to their death. 781 00:51:39,760 --> 00:51:41,800 Speaker 1: And we still haven't done a full episode on this. 782 00:51:42,040 --> 00:51:45,919 Speaker 1: Have we on mk ultra? Have we not? I feel 783 00:51:45,960 --> 00:51:48,400 Speaker 1: like we haven't. I don't know where. If we have not, 784 00:51:48,520 --> 00:51:51,720 Speaker 1: where you're going to? Okay, It's just mk ultra seems 785 00:51:51,760 --> 00:51:55,439 Speaker 1: to cast its shadow over so much stuff. Whenever ever 786 00:51:55,680 --> 00:51:59,080 Speaker 1: we get into this sort of water, this murky water, 787 00:51:59,520 --> 00:52:02,399 Speaker 1: it feels like mkulture has just always sort of been 788 00:52:02,480 --> 00:52:05,319 Speaker 1: here with us. Yeah, and it's real. It's real. By 789 00:52:05,320 --> 00:52:08,320 Speaker 1: the way, if anyone ever tells you that the experimentation 790 00:52:08,400 --> 00:52:10,640 Speaker 1: done by the CIA with these drugs is not real, 791 00:52:11,360 --> 00:52:14,080 Speaker 1: you can send them some to some documentation that shows 792 00:52:14,160 --> 00:52:19,440 Speaker 1: that it is, uh, including including artichoke and some f 793 00:52:19,560 --> 00:52:23,320 Speaker 1: oy a documents that were released. That stands for Freedom 794 00:52:23,320 --> 00:52:29,400 Speaker 1: of Information Act. Now we cast our gaze to the future. 795 00:52:29,600 --> 00:52:33,520 Speaker 1: So it's surprises some people who have not had a 796 00:52:33,640 --> 00:52:37,440 Speaker 1: relative in the military or themselves been an active I've 797 00:52:37,480 --> 00:52:40,360 Speaker 1: been an active member of the military. It's it can 798 00:52:40,440 --> 00:52:43,719 Speaker 1: be surprising to learn that the use of drugs that 799 00:52:43,800 --> 00:52:47,800 Speaker 1: would get people arrested on the streets of the country. 800 00:52:48,200 --> 00:52:53,279 Speaker 1: You're they're defending, uh our par for the course when 801 00:52:53,280 --> 00:52:58,160 Speaker 1: they're out there on the front lines. But this isn't 802 00:52:58,360 --> 00:53:02,759 Speaker 1: just a past to the present thing. This is not 803 00:53:03,040 --> 00:53:09,920 Speaker 1: a plateauing phenomenon. Instead, if anything, it's kicking into overdrive 804 00:53:10,360 --> 00:53:14,160 Speaker 1: thanks to research by various think tanks across the world. 805 00:53:14,480 --> 00:53:17,120 Speaker 1: In the US, of course, we have the Defense Advanced 806 00:53:17,200 --> 00:53:22,520 Speaker 1: Research Projects Agency better known as DARPA, and DARPA is 807 00:53:22,880 --> 00:53:26,239 Speaker 1: pushing us closer and closer towards the creation of a 808 00:53:26,360 --> 00:53:30,600 Speaker 1: genuine super soldier. Yeah. In two thousand four, the Peak 809 00:53:30,680 --> 00:53:34,719 Speaker 1: Soldier Performance Program looked for a quote biochemical approach that 810 00:53:34,760 --> 00:53:37,560 Speaker 1: would allow a soldier to operate in theater for up 811 00:53:37,600 --> 00:53:40,840 Speaker 1: to five days without requiring sustenance. In pursuit of this, 812 00:53:41,040 --> 00:53:45,040 Speaker 1: no stone or genome was left unturned. Yeah, and that's 813 00:53:45,080 --> 00:53:47,920 Speaker 1: a that's a statement from some of the folks who 814 00:53:48,080 --> 00:53:53,279 Speaker 1: were liaising with the Pentagon and with DARPA. There there 815 00:53:53,320 --> 00:53:59,400 Speaker 1: has been extensive research into a life without sleep. We 816 00:53:59,520 --> 00:54:03,680 Speaker 1: know the nature approaches sleep in in many different ways. 817 00:54:03,880 --> 00:54:07,839 Speaker 1: You know, UH predators tend to sleep more than pray. 818 00:54:08,880 --> 00:54:11,319 Speaker 1: Certain animals are only awake at certain times a day, 819 00:54:11,440 --> 00:54:13,399 Speaker 1: or most active at certain times a day or night. 820 00:54:14,000 --> 00:54:17,000 Speaker 1: We know that some marine mammals sleep in a very 821 00:54:17,120 --> 00:54:22,840 Speaker 1: different way in comparison to terrestrial mammals. So DARPA and 822 00:54:23,280 --> 00:54:26,920 Speaker 1: various projects sponsored by a spearheaded or assisted by a 823 00:54:27,000 --> 00:54:30,960 Speaker 1: DARPA have dug into both of these things. Is there 824 00:54:31,000 --> 00:54:34,680 Speaker 1: a way to create human process to turn off part 825 00:54:34,760 --> 00:54:37,560 Speaker 1: of the brain to sleep the way that a dolphin 826 00:54:37,640 --> 00:54:41,080 Speaker 1: would sleep, for instance, or a cephalopod? Or is there 827 00:54:41,120 --> 00:54:44,480 Speaker 1: a way to take an anti narcolepsy drug like motor 828 00:54:44,560 --> 00:54:49,840 Speaker 1: finel and turn it into UH pill you take that 829 00:54:50,360 --> 00:54:52,880 Speaker 1: makes you never have to sleep again without racking up 830 00:54:52,920 --> 00:54:55,920 Speaker 1: sleep debt. You can read a pretty interesting article on 831 00:54:56,120 --> 00:55:00,200 Speaker 1: the fight against sleep over at our parent website how 832 00:55:00,320 --> 00:55:05,640 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. And this this search continues today 833 00:55:06,160 --> 00:55:11,719 Speaker 1: because at this point, um we we see two concurrent 834 00:55:13,040 --> 00:55:16,520 Speaker 1: branches of research. One is how do we make someone 835 00:55:16,880 --> 00:55:19,279 Speaker 1: who doesn't need to sleep? And the other one is 836 00:55:19,520 --> 00:55:23,240 Speaker 1: how do we make something that doesn't need to sleep, 837 00:55:23,360 --> 00:55:28,880 Speaker 1: so like a drone or an automated robot. At different times, 838 00:55:29,040 --> 00:55:32,680 Speaker 1: Matt and Nolan I have hung out and just watched 839 00:55:32,800 --> 00:55:38,480 Speaker 1: pick watch video clips of DARPA robots, which are stranger 840 00:55:38,560 --> 00:55:41,000 Speaker 1: and stranger and stranger. I like the ones where they 841 00:55:41,040 --> 00:55:46,200 Speaker 1: slip on banana peals. Uh. You know, there's one that 842 00:55:46,360 --> 00:55:49,719 Speaker 1: really disturbed me, which I don't think was DARPA, but 843 00:55:49,840 --> 00:55:53,400 Speaker 1: it was a robot that was, you know, exhibiting walking 844 00:55:53,560 --> 00:55:56,759 Speaker 1: and negotiating obstacles, and the entire video was just this 845 00:55:57,280 --> 00:56:00,239 Speaker 1: human who was like pushing them down and three going 846 00:56:00,320 --> 00:56:04,000 Speaker 1: stuff at them. That was a Boston Dynamics robot, which 847 00:56:04,080 --> 00:56:07,360 Speaker 1: is now owned by Alphabet no Man, the parent company 848 00:56:07,400 --> 00:56:13,240 Speaker 1: of Google. Huh Alphabet Uh well uh. DARPA has also 849 00:56:13,520 --> 00:56:16,960 Speaker 1: done research on a pain vaccine. This comes from a 850 00:56:17,120 --> 00:56:20,400 Speaker 1: popular mechanics story. The idea is that when injected with 851 00:56:20,520 --> 00:56:23,680 Speaker 1: the vaccine, Let's say, let's say I'm a soldier on 852 00:56:23,719 --> 00:56:28,640 Speaker 1: the front line, I get shot in the gut. You know, 853 00:56:28,800 --> 00:56:32,440 Speaker 1: that's an ugly, dirty way to go right, Um, unless 854 00:56:32,440 --> 00:56:35,759 Speaker 1: I get immediate medical attention. Uh, so they inject me 855 00:56:35,840 --> 00:56:40,000 Speaker 1: with a vaccine because there's so much pain, the immediate 856 00:56:40,080 --> 00:56:47,200 Speaker 1: agony not only disappears, but apparently for a month that 857 00:56:47,320 --> 00:56:50,640 Speaker 1: I would not feel pain for thirty days. There would 858 00:56:50,640 --> 00:56:53,920 Speaker 1: be like it wouldn't register now. You would still have 859 00:56:54,080 --> 00:57:00,680 Speaker 1: the instinctual reactions of painful situations, Like if all three 860 00:57:00,719 --> 00:57:03,000 Speaker 1: of us had that vaccine now and we touched a 861 00:57:03,160 --> 00:57:06,760 Speaker 1: stove that was on our hands, would immediately recoil away. 862 00:57:07,080 --> 00:57:12,200 Speaker 1: We just wouldn't feel burned though obviously though there's you 863 00:57:12,280 --> 00:57:17,240 Speaker 1: still would have the issues associated with being badly burned, right. 864 00:57:17,320 --> 00:57:19,640 Speaker 1: You know, you could get an infection. There's any number 865 00:57:19,680 --> 00:57:21,440 Speaker 1: of things that could happen though, and this isn't always 866 00:57:21,560 --> 00:57:26,360 Speaker 1: you know not. Pain is ultimately a a resource for 867 00:57:26,480 --> 00:57:28,280 Speaker 1: us to allow us to know that that we are 868 00:57:28,360 --> 00:57:31,520 Speaker 1: messed up and we need to seek medical attention. If 869 00:57:31,560 --> 00:57:35,360 Speaker 1: you lack that, you could certainly be nursing a wound 870 00:57:35,400 --> 00:57:37,400 Speaker 1: that you wouldn't know much about and not get it 871 00:57:37,480 --> 00:57:41,680 Speaker 1: looked at, and possibly get sepsis or something and die. Yeah, exactly. 872 00:57:41,960 --> 00:57:44,280 Speaker 1: That's that's one of the dangerous parts. Because this is 873 00:57:44,360 --> 00:57:50,240 Speaker 1: meant to prolong fighting ability, which means that, yeah, somebody 874 00:57:50,520 --> 00:57:54,640 Speaker 1: horrifically burned would keep fighting, but their body wouldn't enter 875 00:57:54,840 --> 00:58:00,760 Speaker 1: shocked to save them, so they would just eventually die 876 00:58:01,200 --> 00:58:05,320 Speaker 1: without feeling bad. That's I mean, that's the potential. It's 877 00:58:05,360 --> 00:58:08,439 Speaker 1: not there yet, but that's the potential. Or we don't 878 00:58:08,520 --> 00:58:11,240 Speaker 1: know if it's there yet because the only things that 879 00:58:11,320 --> 00:58:15,520 Speaker 1: we hear about are the unclassified research. Another thing is, 880 00:58:15,600 --> 00:58:20,120 Speaker 1: you know how bears hibernate, different animals hibernate. What if 881 00:58:20,160 --> 00:58:23,160 Speaker 1: people could do that? What if? What if if someone's wounded, 882 00:58:23,240 --> 00:58:28,360 Speaker 1: has uh an egregious wound, What if the doctors could 883 00:58:28,440 --> 00:58:37,800 Speaker 1: just chemically induce hibernation and like suspended animation of hyper sleep, Yeah, 884 00:58:38,080 --> 00:58:41,520 Speaker 1: and then just bring them back, uh bring them, bring 885 00:58:41,600 --> 00:58:47,040 Speaker 1: them back when they're in a operating theater and you know, 886 00:58:47,160 --> 00:58:49,520 Speaker 1: conduct the surgery to save their life. The idea here 887 00:58:49,720 --> 00:58:52,520 Speaker 1: is almost the opposite to keep them fighting. It's put 888 00:58:52,600 --> 00:58:56,520 Speaker 1: them on ice through the use of hydrogen sulfide and 889 00:58:56,840 --> 00:59:01,160 Speaker 1: blood removal to extend the golden pure after an injury, 890 00:59:01,440 --> 00:59:04,360 Speaker 1: like stopping their heart from beating, but somehow they're still 891 00:59:04,400 --> 00:59:07,000 Speaker 1: alive so that their wound doesn't continue to bleed out. 892 00:59:07,840 --> 00:59:10,400 Speaker 1: Is that the idea. I guess well, now, Matt, I've 893 00:59:10,560 --> 00:59:16,360 Speaker 1: never actually done it. I'm just saying it's just that's 894 00:59:16,640 --> 00:59:19,960 Speaker 1: that's incredible. And then further future of pharmacology stuff that 895 00:59:20,000 --> 00:59:24,640 Speaker 1: would be virtual reality, augmented reality with focused drugs, so 896 00:59:24,760 --> 00:59:27,760 Speaker 1: there's still speed equivalents, but then there's also technology and 897 00:59:27,880 --> 00:59:32,240 Speaker 1: erring in there, like transcranial direct simulation shocking your brain 898 00:59:32,400 --> 00:59:40,160 Speaker 1: to make you think better. We know also that I 899 00:59:40,240 --> 00:59:42,200 Speaker 1: know we're picking on the US a lot here, it's 900 00:59:42,240 --> 00:59:45,680 Speaker 1: just the US tends to have the best documentation of 901 00:59:45,760 --> 00:59:49,360 Speaker 1: this in recent years. We know that other institutions and 902 00:59:49,440 --> 00:59:54,760 Speaker 1: other global militaries are conducting similar experiences. Both Russia and 903 00:59:54,960 --> 00:59:58,520 Speaker 1: China are believed to be experimenting with performance enhancing drugs 904 00:59:58,800 --> 01:00:04,560 Speaker 1: and other techniques and including genetic modification. However, at this point, 905 01:00:04,600 --> 01:00:08,120 Speaker 1: aside from statements from Pentagon officials, there's very little in 906 01:00:08,200 --> 01:00:12,680 Speaker 1: the way of substantive proof, so we don't know how 907 01:00:12,840 --> 01:00:16,040 Speaker 1: much they are or are not doing. And people will, 908 01:00:16,240 --> 01:00:19,760 Speaker 1: you know, raise some pitchforks and torches over Crisper, but 909 01:00:19,880 --> 01:00:24,960 Speaker 1: Crisper's not there yet. Crisper has the potential two be 910 01:00:25,160 --> 01:00:30,000 Speaker 1: the dystopian gatticut s thing people fear, but it hasn't 911 01:00:30,080 --> 01:00:32,840 Speaker 1: happened yet. And then of course in the corporate world 912 01:00:32,920 --> 01:00:37,360 Speaker 1: there's cocaine, alcohol, and adderall. I had a little something 913 01:00:37,400 --> 01:00:40,520 Speaker 1: to say by adderall. There was a study published, um 914 01:00:40,920 --> 01:00:42,400 Speaker 1: I want to say it was this year by Dr 915 01:00:42,480 --> 01:00:48,040 Speaker 1: Carl Hart, who's a neuropsychopharmacologist at Columbia University, and his 916 01:00:48,440 --> 01:00:51,480 Speaker 1: career has mainly been dedicated to studying the effects of 917 01:00:51,600 --> 01:00:56,520 Speaker 1: drugs um and drug policy on the public and really 918 01:00:56,560 --> 01:00:59,400 Speaker 1: focusing on trying to put an end to what's been 919 01:00:59,680 --> 01:01:03,760 Speaker 1: deemed the war on drugs UM and in US. This study, 920 01:01:04,240 --> 01:01:10,000 Speaker 1: he basically determined that um adderall it's very very very 921 01:01:10,160 --> 01:01:15,360 Speaker 1: very very similar um effects wise to meth amphetamine. And 922 01:01:16,120 --> 01:01:20,120 Speaker 1: anyone you know who's an adult who has prescribed adderall, 923 01:01:20,320 --> 01:01:24,720 Speaker 1: if you know anything about the effects of speed, I 924 01:01:24,880 --> 01:01:27,240 Speaker 1: think it's not too much of a stretch to say 925 01:01:27,280 --> 01:01:29,600 Speaker 1: that adderall is definitely a form of speed and it 926 01:01:29,760 --> 01:01:33,120 Speaker 1: is still to this day prescribed to kids for um, 927 01:01:33,400 --> 01:01:35,440 Speaker 1: you know a d h D and I don't know. 928 01:01:35,480 --> 01:01:39,120 Speaker 1: I just think it's an interesting cultural disconnect that we 929 01:01:39,280 --> 01:01:42,160 Speaker 1: have when we have this war on drugs, where we 930 01:01:42,400 --> 01:01:46,960 Speaker 1: are you know, throwing grenades into baby's cribs in the 931 01:01:47,040 --> 01:01:50,520 Speaker 1: hopes of you know, catching some meth dealers. Um. And 932 01:01:50,680 --> 01:01:55,200 Speaker 1: yet we're feeding you know, school kids these very powerful 933 01:01:55,920 --> 01:02:00,960 Speaker 1: prescription uppers. Really that's a eight point And it goes 934 01:02:01,080 --> 01:02:05,040 Speaker 1: the same way with any psychoactive substance. Like remember the 935 01:02:05,160 --> 01:02:10,680 Speaker 1: days when it became popular to prescribe riddling lithium, zoloft 936 01:02:10,880 --> 01:02:15,400 Speaker 1: and things like that too. Kids, there's some damaging effects. 937 01:02:15,520 --> 01:02:19,880 Speaker 1: That's still a serious issue, not necessarily with those specific drugs, 938 01:02:20,080 --> 01:02:24,360 Speaker 1: but psychotics with children is a big deal currently. Well, 939 01:02:24,360 --> 01:02:25,800 Speaker 1: I mean not only that, I'm not trying to get 940 01:02:25,800 --> 01:02:28,000 Speaker 1: on a high horse here, and everyone has their opinions 941 01:02:28,040 --> 01:02:30,640 Speaker 1: as far as like Eastern versus Western medicine and and 942 01:02:30,840 --> 01:02:34,040 Speaker 1: you know, whatever it takes to get someone well, I 943 01:02:34,200 --> 01:02:37,000 Speaker 1: understand the desire to want to find that thing, but 944 01:02:37,560 --> 01:02:40,720 Speaker 1: I just, you know, it's so easy just by telling 945 01:02:40,760 --> 01:02:43,200 Speaker 1: a doctor that you're experiencing a little bit of stress, 946 01:02:43,760 --> 01:02:48,360 Speaker 1: you know, he'll offer you um valium, you know, without 947 01:02:48,440 --> 01:02:50,080 Speaker 1: you having to twist his arm at all. I mean, 948 01:02:50,120 --> 01:02:52,280 Speaker 1: it's just depends on the doctor obviously, but that is 949 01:02:52,360 --> 01:02:55,280 Speaker 1: definitely part of our culture. And I think a lot 950 01:02:55,320 --> 01:02:58,040 Speaker 1: of that is tied to our kind of you know, 951 01:02:58,520 --> 01:03:02,240 Speaker 1: marriage to the farm ofmceutical industry, and I just I 952 01:03:02,280 --> 01:03:06,480 Speaker 1: think it's not quite the way it should be. It's 953 01:03:06,560 --> 01:03:08,880 Speaker 1: it's very interesting and you know, and and when you 954 01:03:08,960 --> 01:03:11,680 Speaker 1: look at it, the villain into this conversation about you know, 955 01:03:11,920 --> 01:03:18,400 Speaker 1: using drugs um for military purposes, and how this attitude goes, 956 01:03:19,520 --> 01:03:22,200 Speaker 1: you know, infiltrates up to the highest levels of our 957 01:03:22,720 --> 01:03:25,440 Speaker 1: government and bureaucracy in the military. I just think it 958 01:03:25,560 --> 01:03:30,919 Speaker 1: is kind of a systemic problem that we need to address. Yeah, 959 01:03:31,200 --> 01:03:39,400 Speaker 1: and it's also it's common throughout demographics, throughout creeds, throughout genders, 960 01:03:39,520 --> 01:03:45,320 Speaker 1: throughout socio economic h status. In the world of academia, 961 01:03:45,360 --> 01:03:48,160 Speaker 1: of course, there was a study that found a quarter 962 01:03:48,600 --> 01:03:52,760 Speaker 1: of undergraduate students that sounds so high, right one and 963 01:03:52,960 --> 01:03:56,120 Speaker 1: four are are on at a ROLL or on some 964 01:03:56,200 --> 01:03:59,040 Speaker 1: other performance enhancing thing. And then a lot of professors 965 01:03:59,200 --> 01:04:01,920 Speaker 1: or professionals actors apparently are on it as well. And 966 01:04:02,040 --> 01:04:04,560 Speaker 1: that's not even mentioned new tropics or the so called 967 01:04:05,360 --> 01:04:09,400 Speaker 1: smart drugs. We we're gonna have to end it here, 968 01:04:09,480 --> 01:04:12,880 Speaker 1: I think, uh, in our examination, but we want to 969 01:04:13,040 --> 01:04:16,880 Speaker 1: end it with some further reading to recommend if you'd 970 01:04:16,960 --> 01:04:19,080 Speaker 1: like to delve into this. There's an excellent book called 971 01:04:19,120 --> 01:04:23,240 Speaker 1: Blitz by Norman Ohler, which is about the drug use, 972 01:04:23,640 --> 01:04:26,520 Speaker 1: the prevalence of drug use one should say in the 973 01:04:26,640 --> 01:04:30,040 Speaker 1: German side of World War Two. Another book on killing 974 01:04:30,160 --> 01:04:33,480 Speaker 1: by David Grossman. That's where you'll find some more information 975 01:04:33,560 --> 01:04:38,720 Speaker 1: about pharmacology and Vietnam. UH. And instead of doing a 976 01:04:38,920 --> 01:04:43,080 Speaker 1: shout out corner today, guys, what if we do a 977 01:04:43,280 --> 01:04:46,840 Speaker 1: call for stories for people who have had experience with 978 01:04:48,000 --> 01:04:53,320 Speaker 1: with the state sanctioned use of performance enhancing substances in 979 01:04:53,440 --> 01:04:57,800 Speaker 1: the military. Whether you are a US citizen or it's 980 01:04:57,920 --> 01:05:01,200 Speaker 1: in another military UH from a different part of the world. 981 01:05:01,440 --> 01:05:03,959 Speaker 1: We'd like to hear your story. And do not worry. 982 01:05:04,040 --> 01:05:07,240 Speaker 1: We will not reveal your name or rank or anything 983 01:05:07,400 --> 01:05:10,520 Speaker 1: like that. If you want to talk to us about something, UH, 984 01:05:10,640 --> 01:05:14,320 Speaker 1: don't be afraid of that. We we appreciate your privacy. 985 01:05:14,880 --> 01:05:17,360 Speaker 1: Let us know your story. As Matt said, we will 986 01:05:17,440 --> 01:05:21,160 Speaker 1: protect your anonymity. Let us also know, and you don't 987 01:05:21,200 --> 01:05:23,840 Speaker 1: have to only be in the military to write us. 988 01:05:23,920 --> 01:05:26,440 Speaker 1: Let us also know if you have an idea for 989 01:05:26,560 --> 01:05:29,840 Speaker 1: an upcoming topic, something we should cover in the future. Again, 990 01:05:29,920 --> 01:05:32,680 Speaker 1: this is your show and Our best ideas come from 991 01:05:33,080 --> 01:05:37,960 Speaker 1: listeners just like you, specifically you, and that's the end 992 01:05:38,080 --> 01:05:41,400 Speaker 1: of this classic episode. If you have any thoughts or 993 01:05:41,560 --> 01:05:45,320 Speaker 1: questions about this episode, you can get into contact with 994 01:05:45,440 --> 01:05:47,480 Speaker 1: us in a number of different ways. One of the 995 01:05:47,520 --> 01:05:49,360 Speaker 1: best is to give us a call. Our number is 996 01:05:49,440 --> 01:05:52,880 Speaker 1: one eight three three st d w y t K. 997 01:05:53,400 --> 01:05:55,160 Speaker 1: If you don't want to do that, you can send 998 01:05:55,240 --> 01:05:58,480 Speaker 1: us a good old fashioned email. We are conspiracy at 999 01:05:58,520 --> 01:06:02,080 Speaker 1: i heart radio dot com. Um Stuff they Don't Want 1000 01:06:02,080 --> 01:06:04,440 Speaker 1: You to Know is a production of I heart Radio. 1001 01:06:04,760 --> 01:06:07,000 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from my heart Radio, visit the i 1002 01:06:07,120 --> 01:06:10,000 Speaker 1: heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to 1003 01:06:10,040 --> 01:06:10,840 Speaker 1: your favorite shows.