1
00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:03,400
Speaker 1: Now here's a highlight from Coast to Coast AM on

2
00:00:03,640 --> 00:00:04,920
Speaker 1: iHeart Radio.

3
00:00:05,080 --> 00:00:07,400
Speaker 2: And welcome back to Coast to Coast George Nor are

4
00:00:07,400 --> 00:00:09,440
Speaker 2: you with you, Doctor Jim Bell with us. We'll take

5
00:00:09,480 --> 00:00:12,559
Speaker 2: calls with Jim next hour here on Coast to Coast. Jim,

6
00:00:12,640 --> 00:00:14,720
Speaker 2: your book that you wrote three years ago, The Art

7
00:00:14,760 --> 00:00:16,480
Speaker 2: of the Cosmos, Tell us about.

8
00:00:16,239 --> 00:00:21,320
Speaker 3: That, you know, when I've been involved in a bunch

9
00:00:21,320 --> 00:00:25,560
Speaker 3: of different mass emissions, using the Hubble space telescope, using

10
00:00:25,880 --> 00:00:29,560
Speaker 3: rovers on Mars, orbiters around the Moon, and you know,

11
00:00:29,600 --> 00:00:32,800
Speaker 3: we take a lot of space pictures and it's always

12
00:00:32,800 --> 00:00:35,120
Speaker 3: struck me over the course of my career how many

13
00:00:35,159 --> 00:00:39,440
Speaker 3: of them are just absolutely beautiful pieces of art. Oh yeah,

14
00:00:39,680 --> 00:00:44,000
Speaker 3: landscape art, you know. And it's not just the missions.

15
00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:49,479
Speaker 3: I've been involved with all kinds of telescopic images from Hubble,

16
00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:52,960
Speaker 3: from James Webb, from ground based telescopes, all kinds of

17
00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:57,680
Speaker 3: pictures from space probes to Saturn and Venus and yes,

18
00:00:57,720 --> 00:01:00,560
Speaker 3: of course the Moon, but even from Earth orbit. You know,

19
00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:05,200
Speaker 3: lots of these pictures and other kinds of measurements there.

20
00:01:05,240 --> 00:01:09,360
Speaker 3: Of course, they're important for science, but they're they're they're artistic.

21
00:01:09,959 --> 00:01:13,639
Speaker 3: There they give us a unique perspective. They they allow

22
00:01:13,720 --> 00:01:18,040
Speaker 3: us to sometimes frame things and portray depth of field

23
00:01:18,360 --> 00:01:24,480
Speaker 3: or or or or or you know, the different aspects

24
00:01:24,480 --> 00:01:29,600
Speaker 3: of perspective and depth that that photographers or architects think

25
00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:32,520
Speaker 3: about in their work. And you know, and we don't

26
00:01:32,560 --> 00:01:34,840
Speaker 3: often think about it scientists. We don't as scientists, we

27
00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:39,080
Speaker 3: don't often think about the beauty that we're revealing by

28
00:01:39,360 --> 00:01:42,679
Speaker 3: taking these pictures in space. And so I decided to

29
00:01:42,680 --> 00:01:46,160
Speaker 3: pull a book together that features more than a hundred

30
00:01:46,200 --> 00:01:50,920
Speaker 3: of these just incredible pieces of art photographs. But also

31
00:01:51,880 --> 00:01:55,200
Speaker 3: you know, there's there's sculptures out there. People are making

32
00:01:55,360 --> 00:02:01,400
Speaker 3: mini planets and sculptures, people are painting representations of planets,

33
00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:04,320
Speaker 3: and oil and water color, uh, you know.

34
00:02:05,120 --> 00:02:05,880
Speaker 4: Graphic art.

35
00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:09,320
Speaker 3: I mean, there's there's all kinds of art now that

36
00:02:09,440 --> 00:02:12,440
Speaker 3: is that is, you know, exploiting the fact that we're

37
00:02:12,560 --> 00:02:17,560
Speaker 3: we're we're exploring space with these incredible robotic or probes

38
00:02:17,639 --> 00:02:20,600
Speaker 3: or human missions to Earth orbit or the Apollo astronauts.

39
00:02:21,280 --> 00:02:25,240
Speaker 3: And so I had a really really fun time and

40
00:02:25,360 --> 00:02:30,359
Speaker 3: a difficult time trying to narrow down sort of the

41
00:02:30,040 --> 00:02:33,639
Speaker 3: the pictures and that I thought were the most artistic

42
00:02:33,720 --> 00:02:36,720
Speaker 3: that gave us the this these interesting perspectives that we

43
00:02:36,720 --> 00:02:40,120
Speaker 3: could call art as well as science, and I've tried

44
00:02:40,160 --> 00:02:41,160
Speaker 3: to feature them in that book.

45
00:02:41,919 --> 00:02:44,600
Speaker 2: Let's take God out of the equation for just a moment,

46
00:02:44,880 --> 00:02:47,840
Speaker 2: if we can. How did it all start?

47
00:02:47,960 --> 00:02:50,840
Speaker 4: Jim, Well, that's a great question, dude.

48
00:02:50,880 --> 00:02:54,760
Speaker 3: I'm a geologist, not a not a cosmologist, but uh,

49
00:02:54,840 --> 00:02:55,840
Speaker 3: you know, that's that's.

50
00:02:55,680 --> 00:02:56,280
Speaker 4: A great question.

51
00:02:56,320 --> 00:02:58,480
Speaker 3: When we when we look out at the universe, George,

52
00:02:58,520 --> 00:03:02,320
Speaker 3: we can see the galaxy is flying apart, and so

53
00:03:02,520 --> 00:03:05,840
Speaker 3: it's just it's very simple to say, oh, it's you know,

54
00:03:06,320 --> 00:03:10,119
Speaker 3: there was an explosion. Let's turn the clock backwards. When

55
00:03:10,160 --> 00:03:14,320
Speaker 3: did it start? When did that explosion begin? Just like

56
00:03:14,400 --> 00:03:17,400
Speaker 3: watching a you know, a slow mo of an explosion

57
00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:20,000
Speaker 3: in a Hollywood action film or something, right, you turn it,

58
00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:23,359
Speaker 3: run the film backwards. And that's what Hubble and other

59
00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:27,079
Speaker 3: observatories allow us to do. And that's where that that

60
00:03:27,440 --> 00:03:30,760
Speaker 3: magic number thirteen point six billion years comes from. You

61
00:03:30,840 --> 00:03:33,320
Speaker 3: turn the clock back thirteen point six billion years, and

62
00:03:33,360 --> 00:03:37,680
Speaker 3: it was all very much smaller than it is now

63
00:03:37,760 --> 00:03:38,840
Speaker 3: of a point, well.

64
00:03:38,680 --> 00:03:40,760
Speaker 2: What was it thirteen point seven years?

65
00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:42,119
Speaker 4: Yeah, exactly.

66
00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:44,840
Speaker 3: And you know this is what this is what makes

67
00:03:44,880 --> 00:03:49,280
Speaker 3: my head hurt George, because not only was space created

68
00:03:49,320 --> 00:03:53,760
Speaker 3: in that Big Bang, but time was created in that

69
00:03:53,800 --> 00:03:54,240
Speaker 3: Big Bang.

70
00:03:54,320 --> 00:03:55,240
Speaker 4: So you can't even.

71
00:03:55,040 --> 00:03:58,520
Speaker 3: Ask the question what was there before because time wasn't

72
00:03:58,720 --> 00:04:03,680
Speaker 3: didn't even exist, guy said, mind blows up. But this

73
00:04:03,760 --> 00:04:05,840
Speaker 3: is where the science, this is where the physics, this

74
00:04:05,880 --> 00:04:07,680
Speaker 3: is where the astrophysics is pointing us.

75
00:04:07,720 --> 00:04:10,480
Speaker 4: And we're still learning. We're still learning.

76
00:04:10,720 --> 00:04:13,200
Speaker 2: And what's so amazing, Jim, is the complexity of the

77
00:04:13,240 --> 00:04:16,039
Speaker 2: offshoots of this, the life that we have. I mean,

78
00:04:16,320 --> 00:04:19,400
Speaker 2: just look at planet Earth. It's teeming with all kinds

79
00:04:19,400 --> 00:04:23,320
Speaker 2: of life. Yeah, from little insects to little tiny animals

80
00:04:23,360 --> 00:04:24,680
Speaker 2: to gutters to us.

81
00:04:24,880 --> 00:04:25,760
Speaker 4: It's amazing.

82
00:04:26,200 --> 00:04:28,440
Speaker 3: And just think of how many other planet earths are

83
00:04:28,520 --> 00:04:32,840
Speaker 3: out there right. Astronomers in the last few decades are

84
00:04:32,880 --> 00:04:37,760
Speaker 3: discovering thousands of planets around other stars or some like stars,

85
00:04:37,839 --> 00:04:41,680
Speaker 3: just in our neighborhood, just close by, and some estimates

86
00:04:41,800 --> 00:04:45,839
Speaker 3: are there's ten million, maybe more Earth like planets, and

87
00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:48,040
Speaker 3: just in our galaxy alone, And our galaxy is one

88
00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:51,800
Speaker 3: of hundreds of billions of galaxies. So you know, how

89
00:04:51,800 --> 00:04:54,000
Speaker 3: can we be alone? How could we be alone? That's

90
00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:55,000
Speaker 3: what I asked myself.

91
00:04:55,760 --> 00:04:59,440
Speaker 2: If you were appointed in charge of our entire space program.

92
00:05:00,040 --> 00:05:02,640
Speaker 2: What are some of the things that you would definitely do.

93
00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:09,560
Speaker 3: You know, I would I would use NASA as an

94
00:05:09,560 --> 00:05:17,960
Speaker 3: engine for innovation, for inspiration, for exploration, for national pride

95
00:05:17,960 --> 00:05:21,760
Speaker 3: and motivation, all these things that that came out of

96
00:05:21,800 --> 00:05:26,520
Speaker 3: the Apollo program, for example. I think, you know, as

97
00:05:26,560 --> 00:05:31,280
Speaker 3: Americans were all united by that desire to explore and

98
00:05:31,320 --> 00:05:36,680
Speaker 3: to lead. And NASA is the best brand we have

99
00:05:37,360 --> 00:05:39,880
Speaker 3: in the world. You know, you walk, you go to

100
00:05:40,120 --> 00:05:42,520
Speaker 3: airports all around the world. You don't see people walking

101
00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:47,960
Speaker 3: around with IRS T shirts, right, or FDA T shirts.

102
00:05:47,960 --> 00:05:49,720
Speaker 4: You know, there were NASA T shirts. Right.

103
00:05:49,760 --> 00:05:52,680
Speaker 3: It's the best brand America has, and it's it's an

104
00:05:52,680 --> 00:05:59,599
Speaker 3: ambassador for for American leadership, American innovation, and inspiration. And

105
00:05:59,640 --> 00:06:04,520
Speaker 3: I would I would make sure that our Space Agency

106
00:06:04,760 --> 00:06:07,720
Speaker 3: is leading the world and doing things that nobody else

107
00:06:07,760 --> 00:06:14,200
Speaker 3: can do and inspiring, inspiring everybody, kids, teachers, regular people.

108
00:06:15,279 --> 00:06:15,480
Speaker 4: You know.

109
00:06:15,480 --> 00:06:17,920
Speaker 3: It's it's it's we're we're all in it together, George,

110
00:06:17,920 --> 00:06:23,159
Speaker 3: It's it's zero point four percent of our tax dollar

111
00:06:23,560 --> 00:06:26,760
Speaker 3: goes to fund what NASA does. It's a tiny fraction,

112
00:06:27,560 --> 00:06:29,400
Speaker 3: but boy, I think we get a lot out of it.

113
00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:32,640
Speaker 3: And I would I would love to see that that

114
00:06:32,720 --> 00:06:35,040
Speaker 3: return on investment expanded even further.

115
00:06:35,440 --> 00:06:38,240
Speaker 2: Every kid in the sixties, Jim wanted to be an astronaut,

116
00:06:38,440 --> 00:06:38,920
Speaker 2: all of us.

117
00:06:39,480 --> 00:06:45,240
Speaker 3: Yep, yep, yep, I got it. Now we can we

118
00:06:45,240 --> 00:06:46,880
Speaker 3: can go to space, George. We're just going to save

119
00:06:46,880 --> 00:06:50,200
Speaker 3: our money and maybe, you know, stay healthy and live

120
00:06:50,200 --> 00:06:50,880
Speaker 3: a little longer.

121
00:06:51,920 --> 00:06:53,599
Speaker 2: What's going on with asteroid mining.

122
00:06:54,960 --> 00:07:00,680
Speaker 3: Asteroid mining is still an exciting, uh piece of science

123
00:07:00,680 --> 00:07:01,480
Speaker 3: fiction in the future.

124
00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:01,920
Speaker 4: Right now.

125
00:07:01,960 --> 00:07:05,279
Speaker 3: What's happening right now is really asteroid prospecting. You know

126
00:07:05,320 --> 00:07:08,040
Speaker 3: the difference between prospecting and mining on the Earth, right

127
00:07:08,080 --> 00:07:11,200
Speaker 3: and prospecting you're trying to figure out where something is

128
00:07:11,240 --> 00:07:15,040
Speaker 3: and you send geologists out in the field and you know,

129
00:07:15,200 --> 00:07:17,040
Speaker 3: is there something out there, get some samples, bring it

130
00:07:17,040 --> 00:07:19,800
Speaker 3: back to the lab. Well, what astronomers are doing, what

131
00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:24,200
Speaker 3: NASA is doing, is prospecting, trying to figure out where

132
00:07:24,240 --> 00:07:27,520
Speaker 3: are the resources out there? Where's the water, where's the minerals,

133
00:07:27,560 --> 00:07:31,200
Speaker 3: where's the helium three things that could be used for

134
00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:38,080
Speaker 3: energy and technology. And you know, we're doing a good

135
00:07:38,120 --> 00:07:43,160
Speaker 3: job surveying our solar system to find where these resources are,

136
00:07:43,240 --> 00:07:45,120
Speaker 3: what they're like. And we're doing a lot of great

137
00:07:45,160 --> 00:07:48,080
Speaker 3: science in the process, but I think we're helping us

138
00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:51,440
Speaker 3: learn eventually how to live off the land.

139
00:07:51,560 --> 00:07:53,760
Speaker 4: But mining actual mining.

140
00:07:56,080 --> 00:07:59,360
Speaker 3: Some people think my attitude and this is a bit controversial,

141
00:07:59,360 --> 00:08:01,560
Speaker 3: but it is kind of science fiction right now, because

142
00:08:02,480 --> 00:08:06,480
Speaker 3: most everything we know about mining on the Earth involves

143
00:08:06,560 --> 00:08:12,400
Speaker 3: the use of gravity and a lot of water, and

144
00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:15,840
Speaker 3: both of those things are in short supply in deep space,

145
00:08:15,960 --> 00:08:20,400
Speaker 3: especially around tiny asteroids where the gravity is one one

146
00:08:20,480 --> 00:08:24,600
Speaker 3: thousandth to one ten thousandth Earth's gravity, and there's no

147
00:08:24,920 --> 00:08:27,680
Speaker 3: liquid water. Maybe a little bit ice, but there's no

148
00:08:27,760 --> 00:08:30,640
Speaker 3: extractable liquid water to use. So we have to learn

149
00:08:30,680 --> 00:08:36,319
Speaker 3: how to extract minerals and water and other resources off

150
00:08:36,320 --> 00:08:41,720
Speaker 3: of these airless almost gravityless worlds out there, so that

151
00:08:42,240 --> 00:08:47,559
Speaker 3: luckily there's people thinking about entrepreneurial startup companies thinking about

152
00:08:47,559 --> 00:08:51,520
Speaker 3: it and trying to participate in at least the prospecting

153
00:08:51,600 --> 00:08:56,080
Speaker 3: side of things to learn more about what's out there.

154
00:08:56,400 --> 00:09:01,000
Speaker 3: Probably we'll start mining in the decades ahead, more on

155
00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:05,160
Speaker 3: the Moon first, where there is gravity's significant gravity one

156
00:09:05,240 --> 00:09:08,880
Speaker 3: sixth the Earth that's significant can still do the kind

157
00:09:08,920 --> 00:09:11,600
Speaker 3: of sorting and transport and all that kind of stuff

158
00:09:11,679 --> 00:09:15,880
Speaker 3: that terrestrial mining uses. And there may be water ice

159
00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:18,880
Speaker 3: on the Moon. We could certainly bring water from the Earth.

160
00:09:18,880 --> 00:09:23,319
Speaker 3: That's not that far away. Question is are there economically

161
00:09:24,559 --> 00:09:29,880
Speaker 3: important minerals or ice deposits there on the Moon. That's

162
00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:32,760
Speaker 3: the prospecting part that we're doing. NASA's doing right now.

163
00:09:33,040 --> 00:09:35,320
Speaker 2: How disappointed would you be if we did not send

164
00:09:35,360 --> 00:09:36,360
Speaker 2: a man to the Mars.

165
00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:42,920
Speaker 3: I would be incredibly disappointed. I think, you know, again

166
00:09:42,960 --> 00:09:47,800
Speaker 3: it comes back to that issue of national will. I mean,

167
00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:51,760
Speaker 3: it would be great for the human species, right if

168
00:09:51,760 --> 00:09:55,760
Speaker 3: the first person on Mars was if there was a

169
00:09:55,800 --> 00:09:59,079
Speaker 3: first person on Mars, a Chinese person, a SpaceX employee.

170
00:09:59,320 --> 00:10:02,480
Speaker 3: I don't know, but I you know, I, like you said,

171
00:10:02,559 --> 00:10:04,560
Speaker 3: grew up in the sixties, is a big fan of

172
00:10:04,640 --> 00:10:09,199
Speaker 3: the space program and NASA. And I know what NASA

173
00:10:09,280 --> 00:10:11,880
Speaker 3: is capable of. I know what this country is capable

174
00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:14,760
Speaker 3: of when we, you know, when we set aside our

175
00:10:15,600 --> 00:10:19,559
Speaker 3: political and philosophical differences and work together to do incredibly

176
00:10:19,600 --> 00:10:23,280
Speaker 3: difficult things. That's the one of the pieces of history

177
00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:28,240
Speaker 3: of our country. And and getting people out beyond the

178
00:10:28,280 --> 00:10:32,800
Speaker 3: Moon to Mars, asteroids, Jupiter, Neptune, wherever. You know, these

179
00:10:32,840 --> 00:10:35,560
Speaker 3: things are all possible. We put our minds to it.

180
00:10:35,640 --> 00:10:39,080
Speaker 3: If we decide it's important as a nation to do

181
00:10:39,120 --> 00:10:40,480
Speaker 3: it together, we can do it.

182
00:10:40,679 --> 00:10:41,880
Speaker 4: I'm optimistic.

183
00:10:42,040 --> 00:10:44,040
Speaker 2: Well, when we went to the Moon, we had a plan,

184
00:10:44,200 --> 00:10:47,559
Speaker 2: we had a goal. I remember Kennedy's speech. We choose

185
00:10:47,600 --> 00:10:50,160
Speaker 2: to go to the Moon, and we seem to do that. Yeah,

186
00:10:50,320 --> 00:10:51,960
Speaker 2: do we have a plan for Mars.

187
00:10:53,800 --> 00:10:55,720
Speaker 4: We don't. We don't have a real plan.

188
00:10:55,920 --> 00:11:02,000
Speaker 3: No, there are ideas, there is a you know, the

189
00:11:02,080 --> 00:11:05,200
Speaker 3: concept that NASA has been operating under is sort of

190
00:11:05,360 --> 00:11:10,240
Speaker 3: Moon to Mars, Moon as an enabler of Mars. The

191
00:11:11,520 --> 00:11:17,840
Speaker 3: the new presidential administration wants to go to Mars more quickly.

192
00:11:18,640 --> 00:11:21,360
Speaker 3: There are lots of technical hurdles over that, and it

193
00:11:21,400 --> 00:11:25,560
Speaker 3: would require, my opinion, a lot more funding. The NASA

194
00:11:25,679 --> 00:11:29,800
Speaker 3: is getting to solve those technical problems. But still there's interest,

195
00:11:31,160 --> 00:11:36,679
Speaker 3: and you know, I think, I think incrementally getting back

196
00:11:36,760 --> 00:11:39,480
Speaker 3: into space, getting people back into deep space, learning how

197
00:11:39,480 --> 00:11:44,600
Speaker 3: to live and protect our interplanetary travelers from radiation from

198
00:11:44,640 --> 00:11:49,160
Speaker 3: the solar wind, from temperature extremes, learning how to sustain

199
00:11:50,120 --> 00:11:55,720
Speaker 3: ourselves in an environment like the Moon, where we could

200
00:11:55,720 --> 00:11:59,640
Speaker 3: find water, where we could pull oxygen out of the

201
00:11:59,720 --> 00:12:02,520
Speaker 3: rock and minerals on the surface and out of water

202
00:12:02,679 --> 00:12:06,320
Speaker 3: on the surface. I mean, everything we learn about sustainability

203
00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:09,280
Speaker 3: and those hostile environments in space is also, by the way,

204
00:12:09,440 --> 00:12:12,800
Speaker 3: going to come home and help us learn about sustainability

205
00:12:12,800 --> 00:12:13,640
Speaker 3: on our own planet.

206
00:12:14,360 --> 00:12:16,760
Speaker 4: And at the end of the day, a lot of.

207
00:12:16,679 --> 00:12:18,680
Speaker 3: The reasons that we're going out there, George, is not

208
00:12:19,720 --> 00:12:23,559
Speaker 3: to look out, but to look back, to look down,

209
00:12:24,040 --> 00:12:26,160
Speaker 3: to look at our own planet, to look at ourselves

210
00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:30,040
Speaker 3: and our own civilization. And what can we learn from

211
00:12:30,080 --> 00:12:34,560
Speaker 3: the technologies that it takes to survive and thrive in

212
00:12:34,640 --> 00:12:37,800
Speaker 3: deep space. What can we learn about how to survive

213
00:12:37,880 --> 00:12:40,840
Speaker 3: and thrive better on our own planet. That's a big

214
00:12:40,880 --> 00:12:41,880
Speaker 3: part of the space program.

215
00:12:42,200 --> 00:12:44,600
Speaker 2: Jim here about overdue for another book, aren't you.

216
00:12:45,280 --> 00:12:48,079
Speaker 3: I'm feeling that way, man, I am, and I'm you know,

217
00:12:48,440 --> 00:12:50,400
Speaker 3: as you can tell, I've been thinking a lot about

218
00:12:52,240 --> 00:12:54,120
Speaker 3: why we go into space, why we need to go

219
00:12:54,120 --> 00:12:57,199
Speaker 3: into space, why we have to get off this planet.

220
00:12:57,520 --> 00:12:59,720
Speaker 3: And that might be the name of the book. Actually

221
00:12:59,720 --> 00:13:02,160
Speaker 3: we have to get off this planet. And I don't

222
00:13:02,200 --> 00:13:04,280
Speaker 3: mean that in an alarmist way. I mean that in

223
00:13:04,320 --> 00:13:08,600
Speaker 3: an optimistic way, because we're going to learn so much,

224
00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:12,520
Speaker 3: and again we don't do it just to throw bags

225
00:13:12,520 --> 00:13:15,640
Speaker 3: of money into space. Man, I mean we do it

226
00:13:15,679 --> 00:13:19,679
Speaker 3: to make life better for everybody back here who doesn't

227
00:13:19,720 --> 00:13:22,199
Speaker 3: get to go, and that's almost everybody else.

228
00:13:22,640 --> 00:13:25,880
Speaker 2: Robert Jubrin from the Mars Society wants us to terraform

229
00:13:25,960 --> 00:13:30,120
Speaker 2: Mars so it has a complete atmosphere and is livable.

230
00:13:30,120 --> 00:13:31,440
Speaker 2: What do you think of that goal?

231
00:13:32,120 --> 00:13:35,040
Speaker 4: I mean, it's it's science fiction right now. It's a

232
00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:35,560
Speaker 4: great goal.

233
00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:39,480
Speaker 3: For hundreds to thousands of years in the future might

234
00:13:39,520 --> 00:13:42,560
Speaker 3: be possible. I mean, we need to learn how to

235
00:13:42,640 --> 00:13:47,640
Speaker 3: engineer a planet, right we know how to engine we

236
00:13:47,679 --> 00:13:51,400
Speaker 3: know how to engineer a city. We're learning how to

237
00:13:51,520 --> 00:13:56,760
Speaker 3: engineer our own atmosphere accidentally, and how do you engineer

238
00:13:56,840 --> 00:13:59,720
Speaker 3: an entire planetary ecosystem? I mean, Mars is not as

239
00:13:59,720 --> 00:14:02,320
Speaker 3: small planet. The land area of Mars is the same

240
00:14:02,320 --> 00:14:03,360
Speaker 3: as all the continents on.

241
00:14:03,320 --> 00:14:07,400
Speaker 4: The Earth, so it's it's substantial. So we're not there.

242
00:14:09,200 --> 00:14:13,199
Speaker 3: As mister Zuber and doctor Zubrn has some incredible passion

243
00:14:13,800 --> 00:14:17,400
Speaker 3: and amazing ideas, and you know, we got to we

244
00:14:17,480 --> 00:14:20,880
Speaker 3: got to get some engineers thinking about these kinds of

245
00:14:20,920 --> 00:14:25,040
Speaker 3: things and set ourselves to it as a multi generational task.

246
00:14:25,120 --> 00:14:26,960
Speaker 3: If we want to do something of that scale.

247
00:14:27,320 --> 00:14:30,360
Speaker 2: Can you imagine what Mars looked like before the ocean's

248
00:14:30,520 --> 00:14:32,480
Speaker 2: decided to sink in.

249
00:14:33,120 --> 00:14:35,040
Speaker 3: Yeah, you know, it was a lot. It was a

250
00:14:35,080 --> 00:14:37,200
Speaker 3: lot more like the Earth, that's for sure. I don't

251
00:14:37,240 --> 00:14:39,680
Speaker 3: think it was ever truly personally, don't think it was

252
00:14:39,720 --> 00:14:44,320
Speaker 3: ever truly like the Earth. You know, tropical wonderland and

253
00:14:44,320 --> 00:14:46,200
Speaker 3: all that kind of I think, you know, it's fifty

254
00:14:46,200 --> 00:14:48,960
Speaker 3: percent farther from the Sun, George, it's always been colder,

255
00:14:50,480 --> 00:14:52,960
Speaker 3: but I think it it it. There's evidence that it

256
00:14:53,040 --> 00:14:55,600
Speaker 3: got warm enough for liquid water on the surface. The

257
00:14:55,640 --> 00:14:59,160
Speaker 3: atmosphere was thicker. There were lakes and rivers and deltas

258
00:14:59,320 --> 00:15:03,800
Speaker 3: and you know, small seas, maybe an ocean that's controversial,

259
00:15:03,840 --> 00:15:06,440
Speaker 3: but at least small seas and.

260
00:15:07,800 --> 00:15:09,120
Speaker 4: That on the Earth.

261
00:15:09,760 --> 00:15:14,239
Speaker 3: That's Those are the kinds of places where life formed, evolved, thrives.

262
00:15:15,280 --> 00:15:19,040
Speaker 3: That's why we're going to Crater Lakes on Mars with

263
00:15:19,040 --> 00:15:22,480
Speaker 3: with NASA's rovers. That's why we go to Delta's on

264
00:15:22,520 --> 00:15:27,160
Speaker 3: Mars with with rovers and landers and studying them with orbiters,

265
00:15:27,160 --> 00:15:29,760
Speaker 3: because those are the places where on our own planet

266
00:15:30,360 --> 00:15:33,960
Speaker 3: we can find great evidence of past life, or at

267
00:15:34,040 --> 00:15:37,800
Speaker 3: least past habitability. So let's look right next door at

268
00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:41,960
Speaker 3: our planetary neighbor. My goodness, If we find evidence, real evidence,

269
00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:46,360
Speaker 3: real scientific evidence, that there was life on Mars, then

270
00:15:46,920 --> 00:15:50,000
Speaker 3: and then there's two places on our solar system, then

271
00:15:50,040 --> 00:15:52,120
Speaker 3: it's everywhere. It's everywhere, right.

272
00:15:52,480 --> 00:15:55,760
Speaker 1: Listen to more Coast to Coast AM every weeknight at

273
00:15:55,800 --> 00:15:58,720
Speaker 1: one a m. Eastern and go to Coast to coastam

274
00:15:58,760 --> 00:15:59,840
Speaker 1: dot com for more