1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:02,600 Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, Eve's here. We're doubling up today with two 2 00:00:02,640 --> 00:00:07,560 Speaker 1: events in history. On with the show. Hi, I'm Eves, 3 00:00:08,200 --> 00:00:11,320 Speaker 1: and welcome to this Day in History Class, a show 4 00:00:11,440 --> 00:00:21,000 Speaker 1: that uncovers history one day at a time. The day 5 00:00:21,239 --> 00:00:27,840 Speaker 1: was June nineteen sixty three. Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Vladimirovna taresh 6 00:00:27,880 --> 00:00:31,200 Speaker 1: Kava became the first woman to go into space when 7 00:00:31,240 --> 00:00:36,440 Speaker 1: she left Earth in the spacecraft Vostok six. Valentina was 8 00:00:36,479 --> 00:00:40,080 Speaker 1: born in Maslenicava, a village near the Volga River not 9 00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:44,159 Speaker 1: far from Moscow. Her father was a tractor driver and 10 00:00:44,200 --> 00:00:47,000 Speaker 1: a soldier before he died in the Winter War when 11 00:00:47,040 --> 00:00:51,080 Speaker 1: Tarashkava was two years old. Her mother worked on a 12 00:00:51,159 --> 00:00:54,800 Speaker 1: textile assembly line in a cotton mill. When she was 13 00:00:54,840 --> 00:00:58,200 Speaker 1: a teenager, Valentina left school and started working in the 14 00:00:58,240 --> 00:01:02,160 Speaker 1: textile mill too, but she also had a love for skydiving. 15 00:01:02,680 --> 00:01:06,200 Speaker 1: She joined an amateur parachuting club, and she soon became 16 00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:11,080 Speaker 1: interested in flying. Valentina was also part of the Communist Party. 17 00:01:12,080 --> 00:01:14,800 Speaker 1: An offshoot of the Cold War, The Space Race was 18 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:18,119 Speaker 1: a battle between the US and the Soviet Union over 19 00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:23,360 Speaker 1: space exploration and technological advancement by nineteen sixty one. The 20 00:01:23,400 --> 00:01:26,720 Speaker 1: Soviet Union had already sent the first person into space 21 00:01:27,040 --> 00:01:30,760 Speaker 1: when yudiagagd In orbited Earth on April twelve, but the 22 00:01:30,800 --> 00:01:35,319 Speaker 1: space race continued throughout the nineteen sixties. When teresh Gaba 23 00:01:35,440 --> 00:01:39,080 Speaker 1: was twenty four years old, she applied to become a cosmonaut. 24 00:01:39,800 --> 00:01:43,080 Speaker 1: Though she had no pilot training, the Soviet Union had 25 00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:47,600 Speaker 1: been considering sending a woman into space, and Valentina's modest 26 00:01:47,720 --> 00:01:51,880 Speaker 1: background plus her experience in parachuting made her an ideal 27 00:01:51,960 --> 00:01:56,280 Speaker 1: candidate for the cosmonaut program, and Soviet propaganda and bragging 28 00:01:56,360 --> 00:02:00,560 Speaker 1: rights at beating the US to the punch. Jurdigagaden oversaw 29 00:02:00,680 --> 00:02:04,200 Speaker 1: the selection process for women cosmonauts, which began in mid 30 00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:08,280 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty one. Out of hundreds of women who were 31 00:02:08,360 --> 00:02:11,720 Speaker 1: chosen to be screened for the position, Valentina was one 32 00:02:11,760 --> 00:02:14,800 Speaker 1: of five women who were chosen to train as cosmonauts 33 00:02:14,840 --> 00:02:18,800 Speaker 1: in nineteen sixty two. The candidates went through months of 34 00:02:18,840 --> 00:02:23,079 Speaker 1: training for space flight, including classroom study as well as 35 00:02:23,120 --> 00:02:25,680 Speaker 1: testing of their ability to be alone for a while, 36 00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:29,920 Speaker 1: their ability to withstand extreme gravity and weightlessness conditions, and 37 00:02:30,160 --> 00:02:34,440 Speaker 1: their competence and parachute jumps. The program was kept under 38 00:02:34,440 --> 00:02:38,040 Speaker 1: wraps from the public. All of the candidates were commissioned 39 00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:41,320 Speaker 1: as second lieutenants in the Soviet Air Force, but after 40 00:02:41,440 --> 00:02:45,160 Speaker 1: eighteen months of testing, Tereshkaba became chief pilot of the 41 00:02:45,240 --> 00:02:48,400 Speaker 1: Vostok six. She would be the only woman to go 42 00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:52,280 Speaker 1: into space. The space flight would be a dual mission. 43 00:02:52,800 --> 00:02:57,520 Speaker 1: Cosmonaut Valeri Vakovski launched on Vostok five on June fourteenth, 44 00:02:57,639 --> 00:03:01,880 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty three. Valentine to launched on Vostok six two 45 00:03:01,960 --> 00:03:06,919 Speaker 1: days later. She flew with the call sign Chaika, meaning seagull. 46 00:03:07,840 --> 00:03:11,359 Speaker 1: Tarash Kava reported in the porthole in the outer ring, 47 00:03:11,480 --> 00:03:15,720 Speaker 1: the horizon is visible. It's a very beautiful sight. At first, 48 00:03:15,960 --> 00:03:19,799 Speaker 1: it's light blue than lighter than dark. She also sent 49 00:03:19,840 --> 00:03:22,600 Speaker 1: greetings to Soviet women and women of the world from 50 00:03:22,639 --> 00:03:26,840 Speaker 1: the Vostok six. In the next seventy hours and fifty minutes, 51 00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:31,519 Speaker 1: Valentina completed forty eight orbits of Earth on the trip. 52 00:03:31,639 --> 00:03:36,040 Speaker 1: By Kopski and Tareshkava's spacecrafts came within three miles or 53 00:03:36,240 --> 00:03:40,800 Speaker 1: five kilometers of each other. She performed tests on plants 54 00:03:40,800 --> 00:03:43,960 Speaker 1: and animals, and she gathered data about her body and 55 00:03:44,080 --> 00:03:48,280 Speaker 1: the spacecraft while on board. On June ninet, she ejected 56 00:03:48,320 --> 00:03:53,040 Speaker 1: from her capsule and parachuted back to Earth, landing near Karaganda, Kazakhstan. 57 00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:56,960 Speaker 1: It was later revealed that an error in navigation software 58 00:03:57,040 --> 00:03:59,880 Speaker 1: caused the spacecraft to move away from Earth, but tear 59 00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:03,160 Speaker 1: Shkava and Soviet scientists were able to fix the issue 60 00:04:03,440 --> 00:04:07,360 Speaker 1: to give her a safe, if bumpy landing. Upon her 61 00:04:07,400 --> 00:04:10,000 Speaker 1: return to Earth, she traveled around the world as a 62 00:04:10,080 --> 00:04:14,119 Speaker 1: good will ambassador. She received a number of honors, including 63 00:04:14,160 --> 00:04:17,200 Speaker 1: the Order of Linen and the United Nations Gold Medal 64 00:04:17,240 --> 00:04:21,039 Speaker 1: of Peace. She never flew in space again, and the 65 00:04:21,080 --> 00:04:24,640 Speaker 1: cosmonaut program for women was shut down in nineteen sixty nine. 66 00:04:25,520 --> 00:04:30,480 Speaker 1: Tarashkava went on to marry and divorce another cosmonaut, Andrea NIKOLAIAV, 67 00:04:30,880 --> 00:04:34,560 Speaker 1: with whom she had a daughter. She graduated from the 68 00:04:34,600 --> 00:04:38,440 Speaker 1: Zukovski Air Force Academy and earned a doctorate in engineering. 69 00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:42,520 Speaker 1: Taras Kava became a test pilot and instructor and got 70 00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:46,080 Speaker 1: a doctorate in technical sciences. She also became a member 71 00:04:46,120 --> 00:04:48,760 Speaker 1: in the U s s R. Supreme Soviet, which was 72 00:04:48,839 --> 00:04:52,440 Speaker 1: the national parliament and the Presidium, a body within the 73 00:04:52,480 --> 00:04:56,839 Speaker 1: Supreme Soviets. She also served on the Soviet Women's Committee. 74 00:04:57,760 --> 00:05:00,200 Speaker 1: The next woman who flew in space was Cosmo us 75 00:05:00,240 --> 00:05:05,320 Speaker 1: fed Lana Savetskaya, who did so in nine two. It 76 00:05:05,360 --> 00:05:07,880 Speaker 1: wasn't until the next year when Sally Ride became the 77 00:05:07,920 --> 00:05:12,240 Speaker 1: first American woman to fly in space. I'm each Deacote 78 00:05:12,240 --> 00:05:14,680 Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today 79 00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:18,120 Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. But if you want to learn 80 00:05:18,160 --> 00:05:20,720 Speaker 1: even more, you can listen to a new podcast I 81 00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:24,560 Speaker 1: host called Unpopular. Um Popular is about people in history 82 00:05:24,560 --> 00:05:28,320 Speaker 1: who challenge the status quo and we're often persecuted for it. 83 00:05:29,440 --> 00:05:31,680 Speaker 1: You can listen anywhere. You listen to this Day in 84 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:36,200 Speaker 1: History Class. You can find us on Twitter, Instagram, and 85 00:05:36,240 --> 00:05:41,960 Speaker 1: Facebook at t d i h C podcast. Thanks again 86 00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:49,640 Speaker 1: for being here and we'll see you tomorrow. Hey, y'all, 87 00:05:49,640 --> 00:05:52,520 Speaker 1: I'm Eves and welcome to the Stand History Class, a 88 00:05:52,600 --> 00:05:59,560 Speaker 1: podcast that brings you a new tipit of history every day. 89 00:06:02,480 --> 00:06:06,479 Speaker 1: The day was June sixteenth, eighteen fifty eight. Lawyer and 90 00:06:06,520 --> 00:06:10,479 Speaker 1: politician Abraham Lincoln began his campaign for Illinois Senator. Was 91 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:14,760 Speaker 1: a speech now known as the House Divided Speech. The 92 00:06:14,880 --> 00:06:18,800 Speaker 1: Kansas Nebraska Act, passed by US Congress in eighteen fifty four, 93 00:06:19,240 --> 00:06:23,279 Speaker 1: effectively ended the Missouri Compromise and let each territory decide 94 00:06:23,360 --> 00:06:26,800 Speaker 1: whether they would allow slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty. 95 00:06:27,880 --> 00:06:31,239 Speaker 1: Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois drafted the Act, which 96 00:06:31,320 --> 00:06:35,680 Speaker 1: ignited tensions and violence over slavery. The Act split the 97 00:06:35,680 --> 00:06:38,920 Speaker 1: Whig Party, since all Northern Whigs had opposed the bill, 98 00:06:39,320 --> 00:06:42,840 Speaker 1: in most Southern Whigs and some Northern Democrats supported it. 99 00:06:43,520 --> 00:06:46,440 Speaker 1: Most Southern Whigs went to the Democratic Party, and the 100 00:06:46,480 --> 00:06:49,359 Speaker 1: withdrawal of Northern Whigs led to the formation of the 101 00:06:49,400 --> 00:06:54,640 Speaker 1: Republican Party. When the Kansas Nebraska Act was passed, Abraham 102 00:06:54,720 --> 00:06:57,400 Speaker 1: Lincoln was working as a lawyer and had previously been 103 00:06:57,440 --> 00:07:00,479 Speaker 1: a member of the U. S House of Representatives. Lincoln 104 00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:03,400 Speaker 1: was opposed to the Kansas Nebraska Act, as he made 105 00:07:03,400 --> 00:07:06,800 Speaker 1: clear in his Prioria speech in October of eighteen fifty four. 106 00:07:07,760 --> 00:07:11,680 Speaker 1: In it, he criticized popular sovereignty and slavery. He said 107 00:07:11,720 --> 00:07:14,760 Speaker 1: that the Act had a quote declared indifference, but a 108 00:07:14,880 --> 00:07:18,800 Speaker 1: quote covert real zeal for the spread of slavery. He 109 00:07:18,840 --> 00:07:21,760 Speaker 1: said that he hated this indifference quote because of the 110 00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:25,560 Speaker 1: monstrous injustice of slavery itself. I hate it because it 111 00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:29,560 Speaker 1: deprives our Republican example of its just influence in the world. 112 00:07:30,960 --> 00:07:33,760 Speaker 1: Lincoln opposed the expansion of slavery, but he was not 113 00:07:33,880 --> 00:07:38,760 Speaker 1: an abolitionist. He opposed slavery on moral, legal, and economic grounds. 114 00:07:39,280 --> 00:07:42,440 Speaker 1: So early on he wasn't interested in joining the anti 115 00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:46,560 Speaker 1: slavery Republican Party, but in eighteen fifty six Lincoln joined 116 00:07:46,600 --> 00:07:50,640 Speaker 1: the party. He continued to oppose the expansion of slavery 117 00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:53,520 Speaker 1: as an institution that was at odds with the Declaration 118 00:07:53,600 --> 00:07:57,000 Speaker 1: of Independence and the idea that all men are created equal. 119 00:07:58,080 --> 00:08:00,560 Speaker 1: When Stephen Douglas was up for reelection in the U. S. 120 00:08:00,560 --> 00:08:04,120 Speaker 1: Senate in eighteen fifty eight, the Republican Party nominated Lincoln 121 00:08:04,120 --> 00:08:07,480 Speaker 1: to run against him. Lincoln began his campaign with a 122 00:08:07,520 --> 00:08:11,720 Speaker 1: speech in Springfield, Illinois, on June. He said the following 123 00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:16,400 Speaker 1: In the speech, A house divided against itself cannot stand. 124 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:20,640 Speaker 1: I believe this government cannot endure permanently, half slave and 125 00:08:20,680 --> 00:08:24,360 Speaker 1: half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved. 126 00:08:24,720 --> 00:08:27,240 Speaker 1: I do not expect the house to fall, but I 127 00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:30,160 Speaker 1: do expect it will cease to be divided. It will 128 00:08:30,200 --> 00:08:34,760 Speaker 1: become all one thing or all the other. Lincoln went 129 00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:37,400 Speaker 1: on to say that people who opposed slavery would keep 130 00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:40,920 Speaker 1: it from spreading further, or people who supported slavery would 131 00:08:40,960 --> 00:08:43,679 Speaker 1: push it forward until it became law in all the states. 132 00:08:44,240 --> 00:08:47,280 Speaker 1: While Douglas believed that using popular sovereignty to decide on 133 00:08:47,400 --> 00:08:51,120 Speaker 1: slavery would prevent conflict, Lincoln believed that the eighteen fifty 134 00:08:51,120 --> 00:08:55,319 Speaker 1: seven Supreme Court decision and dred Scott versus Stanford guaranteed 135 00:08:55,480 --> 00:08:59,160 Speaker 1: the expansion of slavery. The speech gave Douglas a lot 136 00:08:59,200 --> 00:09:02,320 Speaker 1: of fuel for his and pain. People feared that Lincoln 137 00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:06,480 Speaker 1: was prophesying a civil war. Lincoln and Douglas went on 138 00:09:06,520 --> 00:09:08,959 Speaker 1: to engage in a series of debates that were widely 139 00:09:08,960 --> 00:09:12,080 Speaker 1: covered by the press, and slavery was a major point 140 00:09:12,080 --> 00:09:15,560 Speaker 1: of discussion in these debates, But senators were elected by 141 00:09:15,679 --> 00:09:19,120 Speaker 1: vote of the state legislature, and the legislators chose to 142 00:09:19,120 --> 00:09:23,320 Speaker 1: re elect Douglas. Regardless, Lincoln got a lot of national 143 00:09:23,360 --> 00:09:27,079 Speaker 1: attention during his run. He won the Republican presidential nomination 144 00:09:27,240 --> 00:09:31,480 Speaker 1: and was elected president in November of eighteen sixty. The 145 00:09:31,559 --> 00:09:34,959 Speaker 1: next month, South Carolina became the first state to declare 146 00:09:35,000 --> 00:09:39,240 Speaker 1: its secession from the Union. I'm eve, Jeff Coote and 147 00:09:39,280 --> 00:09:42,120 Speaker 1: hopefully you know a little more about history today than 148 00:09:42,160 --> 00:09:45,680 Speaker 1: you did yesterday. And if you have any comments our suggestions, 149 00:09:45,720 --> 00:09:48,080 Speaker 1: you can send them to us via email where at 150 00:09:48,120 --> 00:09:50,320 Speaker 1: this day at I Heard Media dot com. You can 151 00:09:50,360 --> 00:09:52,760 Speaker 1: also hit us up on social media where at t 152 00:09:53,120 --> 00:09:56,720 Speaker 1: D I h C podcast. Thanks so much for listening 153 00:09:56,760 --> 00:10:10,400 Speaker 1: to the show and we'll see you tomorrow. Yeah. For 154 00:10:10,480 --> 00:10:12,600 Speaker 1: more podcasts from My Heart Radio, visit the I Heart 155 00:10:12,679 --> 00:10:15,200 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 156 00:10:15,200 --> 00:10:15,880 Speaker 1: favorite shows.