1 00:00:00,920 --> 00:00:03,880 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how 2 00:00:03,960 --> 00:00:13,119 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:13,280 --> 00:00:16,640 Speaker 1: I'm Tracy Vie Wilson and I'm Holly Fry. We have 4 00:00:16,760 --> 00:00:21,880 Speaker 1: some South American history today. So given how many of 5 00:00:21,920 --> 00:00:25,200 Speaker 1: our listeners are from places that either are or used 6 00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:29,280 Speaker 1: to be British, I think probably most folks know at 7 00:00:29,320 --> 00:00:33,440 Speaker 1: least the very basics of of the Revolutionary War, which 8 00:00:33,479 --> 00:00:36,200 Speaker 1: went on from seventeen seventy five to seventeen eighty three 9 00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:40,280 Speaker 1: between the British Empire and its American colonies. So today 10 00:00:40,479 --> 00:00:44,080 Speaker 1: we are going to talk about another conflict that overlapped 11 00:00:44,120 --> 00:00:48,640 Speaker 1: this war and was between another empire and its American colonies. 12 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:52,680 Speaker 1: This time the war was between Spain and its colonies 13 00:00:52,680 --> 00:00:56,400 Speaker 1: in South America. In particular, we're talking about the tupac 14 00:00:56,440 --> 00:01:00,000 Speaker 1: Amaru Rebellion, which took place from seventeen eighty to seven 15 00:01:00,080 --> 00:01:02,600 Speaker 1: teen eighty three, so right at the end of the 16 00:01:02,640 --> 00:01:05,760 Speaker 1: same time as the Revolutionary War. It started in the 17 00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:08,959 Speaker 1: Andies Mountains in Peru, and in addition to stretching over 18 00:01:09,040 --> 00:01:12,800 Speaker 1: multiple years, this rebellion actually wound up spanning more territory 19 00:01:12,840 --> 00:01:16,120 Speaker 1: than the Revolutionary War did. So as you might imagine 20 00:01:16,280 --> 00:01:20,080 Speaker 1: you could really spend a whole series of podcasts honest rebellion, 21 00:01:20,200 --> 00:01:22,640 Speaker 1: just like you could with the Revolutionary War. So the 22 00:01:22,720 --> 00:01:26,520 Speaker 1: day is really an overview of the basics. Uh And 23 00:01:26,680 --> 00:01:29,880 Speaker 1: just because I don't want folks to spend this podcast 24 00:01:30,040 --> 00:01:34,680 Speaker 1: distractedly wondering about it every time we say Tupaca Maru. Yes, 25 00:01:35,400 --> 00:01:38,360 Speaker 1: late rapper Tupac Shakur was named after him. His mother 26 00:01:38,440 --> 00:01:42,080 Speaker 1: actually renamed him after this revolutionary figure while he was 27 00:01:42,120 --> 00:01:46,360 Speaker 1: still a baby, and our last caveat his apparent teacher 28 00:01:46,480 --> 00:01:51,400 Speaker 1: heads up. This story contains a couple of particularly horrifying executions. 29 00:01:51,960 --> 00:01:54,240 Speaker 1: One of them caused me to I am holly while 30 00:01:54,280 --> 00:01:56,560 Speaker 1: I was doing the research to say, this sounds like 31 00:01:56,680 --> 00:01:59,880 Speaker 1: it came out of Game of Thrones. So it's my 32 00:02:00,040 --> 00:02:02,920 Speaker 1: be a podcast to listen to yourself before sharing it 33 00:02:02,960 --> 00:02:06,520 Speaker 1: with little ones, and then use your own discretion about 34 00:02:06,600 --> 00:02:12,160 Speaker 1: whether it's appropriate for those little Those little ones, all right. So, 35 00:02:12,520 --> 00:02:15,840 Speaker 1: Spain's colonization of Central and South America, which started in 36 00:02:15,880 --> 00:02:20,200 Speaker 1: the sixteenth century, had three primary aims. To expand the 37 00:02:20,240 --> 00:02:24,200 Speaker 1: Spanish Empire, to seek treasure, and to convert the local 38 00:02:24,200 --> 00:02:28,840 Speaker 1: population to Christianity. Today's story as Tracy reference just a 39 00:02:28,840 --> 00:02:31,720 Speaker 1: moment ago takes place in the Andes Mountains in Peru 40 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:35,760 Speaker 1: in the eighteenth century. Yeah, so, Spain had been around 41 00:02:35,800 --> 00:02:38,400 Speaker 1: for a couple hundred years in Central and South America 42 00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:42,000 Speaker 1: by this point. The population by now in this part 43 00:02:42,080 --> 00:02:45,399 Speaker 1: of the Andes Mountains was overwhelmingly made up of indigenous 44 00:02:45,440 --> 00:02:49,240 Speaker 1: South Americans known as Ketchua, and their languages were all 45 00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:53,239 Speaker 1: part of the Ketchwan language family. The Ketchwan language family 46 00:02:53,280 --> 00:02:55,720 Speaker 1: goes back to the days of the Inca Empire, and 47 00:02:55,760 --> 00:02:58,040 Speaker 1: a lot of the indigenous people who were living in 48 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:01,919 Speaker 1: the Andes Mountains by the eighteenth century traced their lineage 49 00:03:02,000 --> 00:03:05,400 Speaker 1: back to the Inca as well. In addition to the 50 00:03:05,440 --> 00:03:10,200 Speaker 1: region's indigenous population, there were also Spanish Europeans people who 51 00:03:10,240 --> 00:03:14,000 Speaker 1: had both European and Indigenous ants ancestry, who were referred 52 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:17,720 Speaker 1: to as mestizos, and people of European ancestry who had 53 00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:21,600 Speaker 1: been born in South America who were referred to as creoles. 54 00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:24,519 Speaker 1: And there were a few, although not very many, enslaved 55 00:03:24,560 --> 00:03:28,960 Speaker 1: Africans along with their descendants. The population of enslaved Africans 56 00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:31,519 Speaker 1: was much greater in some other parts of South America, 57 00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:35,600 Speaker 1: but not so much in the Andes Mountains. We can 58 00:03:35,640 --> 00:03:38,360 Speaker 1: look at the system of local government that Spain had 59 00:03:38,440 --> 00:03:41,080 Speaker 1: instituted in Peru in terms of three roles. There were, 60 00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:43,560 Speaker 1: of course, lots of other roles besides these three, but 61 00:03:43,640 --> 00:03:47,080 Speaker 1: these are sort of the key figures. On the Spanish side, 62 00:03:47,120 --> 00:03:50,240 Speaker 1: there was the coreodor, who was an official representative of 63 00:03:50,280 --> 00:03:54,520 Speaker 1: the Spanish government. On the indigenous side, there was the 64 00:03:54,520 --> 00:03:57,800 Speaker 1: the caaca or the casique, who was essentially a native 65 00:03:57,840 --> 00:04:01,560 Speaker 1: liaison between the native population and the Spanish government. Karaca 66 00:04:01,680 --> 00:04:04,640 Speaker 1: was actually a Ketchuan title dating back to the Inca, 67 00:04:04,680 --> 00:04:07,200 Speaker 1: and casseque was the Spanish term that was applied to 68 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:10,880 Speaker 1: the same basic role. And then there was a local clergy, 69 00:04:11,040 --> 00:04:15,360 Speaker 1: the parish priests, who were responsible for particular towns and settlements. Together, 70 00:04:15,520 --> 00:04:18,560 Speaker 1: the karaca, the corridor and the priest saw to the 71 00:04:18,680 --> 00:04:21,640 Speaker 1: government and the legal and spiritual needs of the community, 72 00:04:21,880 --> 00:04:25,560 Speaker 1: at least from the Spanish point of view. Although the 73 00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:28,360 Speaker 1: presence of the karaca may make it seem as though 74 00:04:28,400 --> 00:04:31,640 Speaker 1: Spain was taking steps to include the indigenous population in 75 00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:35,440 Speaker 1: the system of government, this wasn't really the case. Many 76 00:04:35,480 --> 00:04:39,320 Speaker 1: of the indigenous populations spoke only Quechuan languages, but official 77 00:04:39,320 --> 00:04:43,480 Speaker 1: events and documents were presented only in Spanish. Apart from 78 00:04:43,480 --> 00:04:46,239 Speaker 1: the Karaca, most of the people involved in the government 79 00:04:46,279 --> 00:04:49,080 Speaker 1: were not only Spanish, but also had been born in 80 00:04:49,279 --> 00:04:54,000 Speaker 1: Spain and not South America. While it's certainly within the 81 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:57,800 Speaker 1: realm of possibility that an individual coredor could be acting 82 00:04:57,920 --> 00:05:01,599 Speaker 1: with the indigenous population's best interest at heart, this was 83 00:05:01,640 --> 00:05:04,400 Speaker 1: really a position that was quite prone to greed and 84 00:05:04,480 --> 00:05:08,280 Speaker 1: mismanagement and abuse. The position itself was immensely powerful. It 85 00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:10,960 Speaker 1: had grown from one that was mostly judicial to one 86 00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:14,840 Speaker 1: that combined judicial, administrative, and legislative power all into one 87 00:05:14,880 --> 00:05:19,080 Speaker 1: centralized role. This meant that one unscrupulous corridor had the 88 00:05:19,120 --> 00:05:22,719 Speaker 1: power to have an enormous and nearly unchecked impact on 89 00:05:22,760 --> 00:05:25,400 Speaker 1: the area that he was in charge of. As is 90 00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:28,640 Speaker 1: a recurring theme in just about all of our podcasts 91 00:05:28,680 --> 00:05:33,039 Speaker 1: on colonialism, Spain had implemented some policies and practices that 92 00:05:33,120 --> 00:05:37,840 Speaker 1: were deeply unpopular in its South American colonies. One, unsurprisingly, 93 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:41,480 Speaker 1: was taxes, both sales tax on goods that people tried 94 00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:44,560 Speaker 1: to buy, and another called a head tax, and that's 95 00:05:44,640 --> 00:05:47,479 Speaker 1: basically like a tribute based on a number of people. 96 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:52,479 Speaker 1: There were also involuntary labor drafts to staff minds and mills, 97 00:05:52,760 --> 00:05:55,159 Speaker 1: some of which were extremely far away from the homes 98 00:05:55,200 --> 00:05:58,560 Speaker 1: of the people that were drafted into working there. As 99 00:05:58,600 --> 00:06:01,200 Speaker 1: another way to make money, Spain also forced the sale 100 00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:04,840 Speaker 1: of European goods to the indigenous population. Basically, a lot 101 00:06:04,920 --> 00:06:07,520 Speaker 1: of what Spain was expecting from its colonies in terms 102 00:06:07,520 --> 00:06:11,080 Speaker 1: of both labor and money was either forced or coerced, 103 00:06:12,400 --> 00:06:14,480 Speaker 1: and in the late eighteenth century, a lot of this 104 00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:17,960 Speaker 1: was getting a lot worse for indigenous nouth Americans. Spain 105 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:20,159 Speaker 1: had been in the process of implementing a lot of 106 00:06:20,240 --> 00:06:22,880 Speaker 1: changes to how it how it ran its empire. These 107 00:06:22,960 --> 00:06:26,320 Speaker 1: became known as the Bourbon Reforms, after the royal house 108 00:06:26,360 --> 00:06:29,039 Speaker 1: of the same name. These are reforms had been going 109 00:06:29,080 --> 00:06:31,320 Speaker 1: on for a while, but they really peaked during the 110 00:06:31,360 --> 00:06:34,360 Speaker 1: reign of Charles the Third, who ruled Spain from seventeen 111 00:06:34,360 --> 00:06:38,440 Speaker 1: fifty nine to seventeen eighty eight. The Bourbon Reforms had 112 00:06:38,520 --> 00:06:42,240 Speaker 1: wide reaching effects for Spain's military and government, and for 113 00:06:42,360 --> 00:06:45,640 Speaker 1: how religion affected the government in civic life. But when 114 00:06:45,680 --> 00:06:49,320 Speaker 1: it came to South America's indigenous population, the reforms led 115 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:52,760 Speaker 1: to higher taxes and increase in forced and coerced labor 116 00:06:53,200 --> 00:06:57,120 Speaker 1: and fewer rights, along with the range of other cultural 117 00:06:57,200 --> 00:07:01,000 Speaker 1: and religious issues. All this dissatisfaction with tack susan forced 118 00:07:01,040 --> 00:07:04,600 Speaker 1: sale of goods, and forced labor ultimately led to more 119 00:07:04,640 --> 00:07:07,960 Speaker 1: than one rebellion in Central and South America, and the 120 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:11,160 Speaker 1: one we're talking about today was started by, and at 121 00:07:11,240 --> 00:07:15,520 Speaker 1: least at first led by, a man named jose Gabrielle Condorkonki, 122 00:07:15,960 --> 00:07:18,720 Speaker 1: and we will talk about him after a brief reponsoring. 123 00:07:26,920 --> 00:07:30,320 Speaker 1: Josie Gabriel condor Conki was born around seventeen forty two, 124 00:07:30,400 --> 00:07:32,480 Speaker 1: and he claimed that he could trace his lineage back 125 00:07:32,520 --> 00:07:35,920 Speaker 1: to the last ruler of the Inca Empire, Tupac Amaru. 126 00:07:36,640 --> 00:07:39,920 Speaker 1: The first Tupaca Maru ruled the empire from fifteen seventy 127 00:07:39,920 --> 00:07:43,120 Speaker 1: one to fifteen seventy two before being executed by the 128 00:07:43,160 --> 00:07:45,760 Speaker 1: Spanish at the age of twenty five or twenty six. 129 00:07:46,360 --> 00:07:48,560 Speaker 1: This is at the end of Spain's conquest of the 130 00:07:48,600 --> 00:07:52,160 Speaker 1: Inca Empire, and with Tupaca Maru's death, the throne was 131 00:07:52,240 --> 00:07:57,360 Speaker 1: essentially abolished. Condor Conki had a formal Catholic education. He 132 00:07:57,480 --> 00:08:01,120 Speaker 1: spoke both Spanish and Catchu A fluently, and as an 133 00:08:01,120 --> 00:08:05,760 Speaker 1: adult he worked as a merchant and a muleteer. His education, 134 00:08:05,960 --> 00:08:09,000 Speaker 1: his incoheritage, in his family's place in the community really 135 00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:12,120 Speaker 1: uniquely positioned him to be able to interact with every 136 00:08:12,120 --> 00:08:15,480 Speaker 1: class in Peruvian life, from the Spanish ruling class to 137 00:08:15,520 --> 00:08:20,360 Speaker 1: the most impoverished working class. In seventeen fifty, Condraconki inherited 138 00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:23,000 Speaker 1: the rule of Kuraca, of three towns in the Tinted 139 00:08:23,080 --> 00:08:28,120 Speaker 1: district known as Surimana, Pampa Marca and Tungasuka, following the 140 00:08:28,160 --> 00:08:31,360 Speaker 1: death of his father. He had actually grown up in Suramana, 141 00:08:31,480 --> 00:08:34,720 Speaker 1: but as an adult he made his home in Tungasuka. 142 00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:38,800 Speaker 1: Ten years after his father's death, he married michaela Batista, 143 00:08:38,920 --> 00:08:41,800 Speaker 1: who became an equal partner in his work as a merchant. 144 00:08:43,120 --> 00:08:46,600 Speaker 1: In seventeen seventy seven, condor Conky traveled to Lima for 145 00:08:46,720 --> 00:08:49,760 Speaker 1: eight months with the hope of regaining a noble title. 146 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:52,880 Speaker 1: While he was there, he met a lot of Spanish nobility, 147 00:08:52,920 --> 00:08:55,439 Speaker 1: and he gained a sense of how the Spanish colonial 148 00:08:55,520 --> 00:08:58,679 Speaker 1: government worked in Peru and more at a bigger, more 149 00:08:58,760 --> 00:09:02,840 Speaker 1: general scale for the region as a whole. At this point, 150 00:09:03,200 --> 00:09:06,880 Speaker 1: tensions had already been rising in South America for several years, 151 00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:09,760 Speaker 1: and As a result, there had been rebellions and uprisings 152 00:09:09,760 --> 00:09:12,920 Speaker 1: that had broken out within Spanish territory in several places. 153 00:09:13,720 --> 00:09:16,440 Speaker 1: The Corridor in the area where condor Conky lived was 154 00:09:16,480 --> 00:09:20,079 Speaker 1: Antonio di Ariaga, and as you might guess from our 155 00:09:20,080 --> 00:09:23,280 Speaker 1: discussion of the role of Corridor before the break, he 156 00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:26,480 Speaker 1: was not a beloved figure. Among other things, he was 157 00:09:26,559 --> 00:09:30,720 Speaker 1: responsible for arranging an enormously unpopular labor draft to staff 158 00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:34,680 Speaker 1: a silver mine. Mining was of course dangerous work, and 159 00:09:34,720 --> 00:09:39,320 Speaker 1: the mine itself was about six hundred miles away. Also, 160 00:09:39,520 --> 00:09:42,040 Speaker 1: in the face of the ongoing changes that came along 161 00:09:42,040 --> 00:09:45,160 Speaker 1: with the Bourbon Reforms, condor Conky was having an increasingly 162 00:09:45,320 --> 00:09:48,560 Speaker 1: difficult time in his role as Karaca. More and more 163 00:09:48,600 --> 00:09:51,960 Speaker 1: of the Corridor's demands were unreasonable and exploitive of the 164 00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:54,880 Speaker 1: local indigenous population, and a lot of them were really 165 00:09:54,920 --> 00:09:58,559 Speaker 1: despised by the people that the Corridor was governing. On 166 00:09:58,679 --> 00:10:02,560 Speaker 1: November four of seven teen eighty, Ariaga and condor Conky 167 00:10:02,640 --> 00:10:06,120 Speaker 1: had dinner at the home of Father Carlos Rodriguez, condor 168 00:10:06,160 --> 00:10:10,400 Speaker 1: Conky's old tutor. It was overall a friendly meal which 169 00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:13,320 Speaker 1: celebrated the feast day of Saint Charles, known in Spanish 170 00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:16,800 Speaker 1: as San Carlos, and later in the afternoon, condor Conky 171 00:10:16,920 --> 00:10:21,520 Speaker 1: invited Ariaga to spend the evening at his home. Ariaga refused, 172 00:10:21,559 --> 00:10:24,040 Speaker 1: saying that he needed to get back to his own residence, 173 00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:27,400 Speaker 1: probably motivated at least in part by the fact the 174 00:10:27,440 --> 00:10:31,200 Speaker 1: tax payments were due to him. Soon when Iriaga left 175 00:10:31,280 --> 00:10:34,520 Speaker 1: with his entourage of staff and servants, Conder Conky and 176 00:10:34,559 --> 00:10:37,520 Speaker 1: some other young men. Condor Conky was about forty at 177 00:10:37,520 --> 00:10:40,800 Speaker 1: this point, walked with him for a while, and then 178 00:10:40,840 --> 00:10:42,360 Speaker 1: they said that they were going to head back to 179 00:10:42,440 --> 00:10:46,520 Speaker 1: condor Conky's home in Tungasuca, and that wasn't really where 180 00:10:46,559 --> 00:10:49,760 Speaker 1: they were going though. Instead, they stealthily got ahead of 181 00:10:49,800 --> 00:10:53,640 Speaker 1: Ariaga and they ambushed him. Ariaga tried to flee, but 182 00:10:53,720 --> 00:10:56,640 Speaker 1: condor Conky's men captured him and some of his entourage. 183 00:10:56,960 --> 00:10:59,640 Speaker 1: They took them all back to Tungasuka and they can 184 00:10:59,760 --> 00:11:02,680 Speaker 1: find find him in a cell in condor Conky's basement. 185 00:11:04,440 --> 00:11:07,800 Speaker 1: Then condor Conky forced Ariaga to write letters to his 186 00:11:07,840 --> 00:11:10,440 Speaker 1: treasurer in which he claimed he was going to plan 187 00:11:10,520 --> 00:11:13,640 Speaker 1: an expedition to the coast to deal with the pirate problem. 188 00:11:13,679 --> 00:11:16,920 Speaker 1: He asked the treasurer to send money and weapons. Then 189 00:11:17,240 --> 00:11:20,520 Speaker 1: condor Conky took Ariaga's key and went to his home, 190 00:11:20,559 --> 00:11:24,400 Speaker 1: where he armed himself with muskets, gunpowder, and bullets, as 191 00:11:24,440 --> 00:11:29,440 Speaker 1: well as taking money, mules, and silver from Iaga's home. 192 00:11:29,640 --> 00:11:32,199 Speaker 1: Condor Conky also wrote letters to a lot of other 193 00:11:32,280 --> 00:11:36,560 Speaker 1: local leaders, military figures, and entrepreneurs asking them all to 194 00:11:36,679 --> 00:11:40,480 Speaker 1: meet up in Tungasuka. He signed Ariaga's name to these letters, 195 00:11:40,520 --> 00:11:42,920 Speaker 1: so he's basically writing them as though he were Ariaga. 196 00:11:43,559 --> 00:11:45,920 Speaker 1: He also wrote to the other Karakas in the area 197 00:11:46,000 --> 00:11:49,360 Speaker 1: asking them to send troops to Tungasuka as well, and 198 00:11:49,559 --> 00:11:53,320 Speaker 1: he started sa stationing centuries along the road to Cuzco 199 00:11:53,520 --> 00:11:56,160 Speaker 1: to try to keep the Spanish government from hearing about 200 00:11:56,160 --> 00:12:00,240 Speaker 1: this massive gathering that was starting to form in Tungasuka. 201 00:12:01,040 --> 00:12:03,600 Speaker 1: Over the next few days, all of these people that 202 00:12:03,679 --> 00:12:07,640 Speaker 1: condor Conky had written letters to started arriving in Tungasuka. 203 00:12:08,320 --> 00:12:11,160 Speaker 1: Thousands of people arrived and had no idea that the 204 00:12:11,200 --> 00:12:14,280 Speaker 1: coreodor was imprisoned in a basement not far from where 205 00:12:14,280 --> 00:12:18,560 Speaker 1: they were congregating. Spanish leaders who answered that call were 206 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:23,320 Speaker 1: also imprisoned. On November nine, condor Conky sent a priest 207 00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:26,120 Speaker 1: to Ariaga fell to take his confession, and at this 208 00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:29,079 Speaker 1: point Ariaga knew that he was probably going to die. 209 00:12:29,679 --> 00:12:32,520 Speaker 1: He started trying to bargain with his fortune. He basically 210 00:12:32,559 --> 00:12:36,360 Speaker 1: offered condor Conky everything he had in exchange for his freedom, 211 00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:41,200 Speaker 1: but condor Conky refused. Meanwhile, condor Conky started telling people 212 00:12:41,240 --> 00:12:44,240 Speaker 1: who had assembled in Tungasuka that he was acting under 213 00:12:44,240 --> 00:12:46,920 Speaker 1: the authority of the King, the High Court, and Visitor 214 00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:51,240 Speaker 1: General Jose Antonio di Areq. He set them to practicing 215 00:12:51,280 --> 00:12:54,520 Speaker 1: military maneuvers, and he increasingly did something that he had 216 00:12:54,559 --> 00:12:57,719 Speaker 1: already been prone to doing, referring to himself by the 217 00:12:57,800 --> 00:13:00,640 Speaker 1: name of the Inca Empire's last ruler and his ancestor, 218 00:13:01,160 --> 00:13:06,520 Speaker 1: tupac Amaru. He also conducted reviews of these maneuvers on horseback, 219 00:13:06,559 --> 00:13:09,880 Speaker 1: and he wore clothing that combined elements of traditional indigenous 220 00:13:09,920 --> 00:13:12,360 Speaker 1: attire as well as the fine silks and furs and 221 00:13:12,400 --> 00:13:15,679 Speaker 1: gold that were a lot more common among the Spanish aristocracy. 222 00:13:15,960 --> 00:13:18,840 Speaker 1: He's reported to have cut a very fine figure doing this. 223 00:13:19,840 --> 00:13:23,520 Speaker 1: On the tenth tupac Amaru, Condra Conky, going by that name, 224 00:13:23,960 --> 00:13:27,360 Speaker 1: once again, had the assembled crowd, which numbered thousands of people, 225 00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:30,600 Speaker 1: line up in a military formation, and then he had 226 00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:33,880 Speaker 1: them marched to a nearby set of gallows. There he 227 00:13:33,960 --> 00:13:36,960 Speaker 1: had a proclamation read in both Spanish and catch one. 228 00:13:37,600 --> 00:13:41,000 Speaker 1: According to this proclamation, the king had abolished the sales tax, 229 00:13:41,200 --> 00:13:44,400 Speaker 1: the custom houses, and the forced labor draft the silver mine. 230 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:48,560 Speaker 1: And this proclamation went on the king's wish was for 231 00:13:48,600 --> 00:13:51,320 Speaker 1: the indigenous South Americans and the Creoles to live in 232 00:13:51,360 --> 00:13:53,640 Speaker 1: harmony with one another. Because that's the name that he 233 00:13:53,679 --> 00:13:56,040 Speaker 1: adopted as he led this rebellion. We're basically just gonna 234 00:13:56,040 --> 00:13:58,640 Speaker 1: call him Tupaca Maru for the rest of the episode. 235 00:13:59,240 --> 00:14:01,200 Speaker 1: And of course none of these things that he was 236 00:14:01,240 --> 00:14:03,640 Speaker 1: proclaiming were actually true. He had written all of these 237 00:14:03,679 --> 00:14:08,400 Speaker 1: proclamations himself, but they were of course extremely well received. Uh. 238 00:14:08,480 --> 00:14:11,320 Speaker 1: And then another important point was that all of this 239 00:14:11,400 --> 00:14:14,480 Speaker 1: information was delivered to the indigenous people of the area 240 00:14:14,559 --> 00:14:18,760 Speaker 1: in the language that they actually spoke, rather than in Spanish. 241 00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:21,960 Speaker 1: Then the event moved on to something else purportedly authorized 242 00:14:21,960 --> 00:14:25,040 Speaker 1: by the king, and that was the execution of Antonio 243 00:14:25,120 --> 00:14:29,080 Speaker 1: di Ariaga. Soldiers took Ariaga to the to the gallows 244 00:14:29,240 --> 00:14:31,120 Speaker 1: and they forced him to change out of his military 245 00:14:31,200 --> 00:14:35,320 Speaker 1: uniform and into a Franciscan habit. Then Antonio Oblitas, who 246 00:14:35,360 --> 00:14:38,640 Speaker 1: was an enslaved African that Ariaga owned, was forced to 247 00:14:38,720 --> 00:14:42,200 Speaker 1: act as his executioner. In the first of this episode's 248 00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:48,360 Speaker 1: horrifying executions, the rope broke and both Ariaga and Obliitas fell. 249 00:14:49,200 --> 00:14:52,640 Speaker 1: Instead of being hanged, Ariaga was strangled with several ropes. 250 00:14:53,120 --> 00:14:55,960 Speaker 1: People screamed epithets at him, with some of the loudest 251 00:14:55,960 --> 00:15:07,280 Speaker 1: being hurled by MICHAELA Batista. While tupac Amaru had taken 252 00:15:07,400 --> 00:15:09,440 Speaker 1: steps to keep word of what was going on from 253 00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:12,760 Speaker 1: reaching Cusco, where it would then get to the rest 254 00:15:12,760 --> 00:15:16,560 Speaker 1: of the Spanish Empire, the news that he had executed 255 00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:19,200 Speaker 1: the coreodor just could not be contained, and we will 256 00:15:19,200 --> 00:15:22,160 Speaker 1: talk about what happened after that news spread after another 257 00:15:22,200 --> 00:15:34,280 Speaker 1: brief word from a sponsor to get back to the story. 258 00:15:34,640 --> 00:15:38,440 Speaker 1: After the execution of Antonio to Ariaga, tupac Amaru and 259 00:15:38,480 --> 00:15:41,200 Speaker 1: his wife set off almost immediately to try to raise 260 00:15:41,280 --> 00:15:44,160 Speaker 1: more support from nearby towns. They had already used their 261 00:15:44,200 --> 00:15:48,200 Speaker 1: duplicity and strategy to a massive, really large following in Tangasuka, 262 00:15:48,320 --> 00:15:50,880 Speaker 1: and the two of them then started using the extensive 263 00:15:50,920 --> 00:15:54,160 Speaker 1: connections that they had developed to recruit more people to 264 00:15:54,200 --> 00:15:58,880 Speaker 1: their cause. Tupacamanu himself used his new name and the 265 00:15:58,920 --> 00:16:02,560 Speaker 1: connections to the Inca Empire that you know existed from 266 00:16:02,600 --> 00:16:06,040 Speaker 1: his lineage, to spread the idea that the Inkle were returning. 267 00:16:06,640 --> 00:16:09,840 Speaker 1: With this thought inspiring the rebels, they tried to take 268 00:16:09,840 --> 00:16:13,680 Speaker 1: the fight to the Spanish. Initially, the targets of the 269 00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:18,240 Speaker 1: rebellion were very narrow. He didn't want the priests, the mestizos, 270 00:16:18,480 --> 00:16:22,040 Speaker 1: or the Creoles to be harmed. Only Spanish leaders from Europe, 271 00:16:22,080 --> 00:16:26,520 Speaker 1: and especially the corridors. Local landowners and others whose behavior 272 00:16:26,600 --> 00:16:30,000 Speaker 1: had been exploitative were to be imprisoned, but not killed. 273 00:16:30,680 --> 00:16:33,360 Speaker 1: Since Spain hadn't yet raised an army to resist them, 274 00:16:33,400 --> 00:16:37,920 Speaker 1: these first few excursions were relatively bloodless, and every town 275 00:16:37,960 --> 00:16:40,960 Speaker 1: that they visited to Pacamatu would speak in both Spanish 276 00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:43,040 Speaker 1: and Quechua, and he would recruit as many people as 277 00:16:43,080 --> 00:16:45,760 Speaker 1: he could to join the rebellion. He still was insisting 278 00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:48,280 Speaker 1: that he was actually acting under orders from the king. 279 00:16:49,160 --> 00:16:52,440 Speaker 1: The rebels would also abolish any taxes and forced labor 280 00:16:52,520 --> 00:16:54,600 Speaker 1: drafts in the towns that they went to. They would 281 00:16:54,600 --> 00:16:56,960 Speaker 1: burn down the textile mills where people had been forced 282 00:16:56,960 --> 00:16:58,880 Speaker 1: to work, and they would free anyone who is being 283 00:16:58,880 --> 00:17:01,200 Speaker 1: held in the jail. Then they would also burn down 284 00:17:01,280 --> 00:17:04,960 Speaker 1: the gallows. They'd get as many provisions as they could 285 00:17:05,040 --> 00:17:07,760 Speaker 1: from the stores of the local corridor and other landowners 286 00:17:07,760 --> 00:17:09,119 Speaker 1: in the area, and then they would move on to 287 00:17:09,200 --> 00:17:13,880 Speaker 1: the next town. He also wrote lots of letters and proclamations, 288 00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:16,760 Speaker 1: issuing orders to neighboring towns to turn away from the 289 00:17:16,800 --> 00:17:20,280 Speaker 1: Spanish and granting local leaders the authority to act in 290 00:17:20,359 --> 00:17:25,200 Speaker 1: his stead. On November sixteenth, Tupaca Maru wrote a proclamation 291 00:17:25,359 --> 00:17:30,320 Speaker 1: calling for the emancipation of enslaved Africans and Afro Peruvians. 292 00:17:30,359 --> 00:17:32,840 Speaker 1: On the seventeenth, and the aftermath of a battle that 293 00:17:32,880 --> 00:17:35,639 Speaker 1: had played out in a church and had accidentally destroyed 294 00:17:35,680 --> 00:17:37,480 Speaker 1: part of the structure of the church and the in 295 00:17:37,520 --> 00:17:43,160 Speaker 1: a fire, the bishop excommunicated Tupacamo and his followers. Tupac 296 00:17:43,680 --> 00:17:46,480 Speaker 1: and his wife were both extremely devout Catholics, and they 297 00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:48,760 Speaker 1: really had not intended any harm to come to this 298 00:17:48,880 --> 00:17:50,719 Speaker 1: church at all. As we said earlier, they had been 299 00:17:50,720 --> 00:17:53,359 Speaker 1: trying to protect the clergy the whole time. So this 300 00:17:53,440 --> 00:17:56,159 Speaker 1: was both devastating to them personally and it was a 301 00:17:56,200 --> 00:17:59,680 Speaker 1: strike against them in terms of public opinion. This is 302 00:17:59,840 --> 00:18:02,560 Speaker 1: I note in the end there were priests and others 303 00:18:02,560 --> 00:18:05,760 Speaker 1: associated with the Church on both sides of this conflict. 304 00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:10,520 Speaker 1: Soon though, this rebellion spread beyond the Andes Mountains, and 305 00:18:10,560 --> 00:18:13,320 Speaker 1: the bigger it got, and the farther away from Tupaca 306 00:18:13,400 --> 00:18:16,840 Speaker 1: Maru's base at his home in Tungasuka, the bloodier and 307 00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:21,200 Speaker 1: more violent it became. Spanish and Royalist forces started calling 308 00:18:21,200 --> 00:18:24,679 Speaker 1: in reinforcements and gathering militia, meaning that the rebels had 309 00:18:24,760 --> 00:18:27,440 Speaker 1: to fight their way through rather than basically walking into 310 00:18:27,520 --> 00:18:30,320 Speaker 1: towns and declaring that the Spanish government was no longer 311 00:18:30,359 --> 00:18:33,800 Speaker 1: in charge. By the end of the year, Spain's control 312 00:18:33,840 --> 00:18:37,159 Speaker 1: on colonial Peru had started to really crumble. As the 313 00:18:37,200 --> 00:18:39,800 Speaker 1: rebellion got bigger and bigger, more and more people got 314 00:18:39,840 --> 00:18:42,680 Speaker 1: swept up in it, and the original instructions to harm 315 00:18:42,840 --> 00:18:46,520 Speaker 1: only the Spanish ruling class started to fall away. A 316 00:18:46,560 --> 00:18:48,800 Speaker 1: lot of people really just got caught in the crossfire. 317 00:18:49,160 --> 00:18:52,240 Speaker 1: More and more innocent people were harmed by both sides 318 00:18:52,320 --> 00:18:56,119 Speaker 1: as the conflict got bigger and bloodier. At the start 319 00:18:56,160 --> 00:19:00,840 Speaker 1: of see Spain, having raised an army of thousands of soldiers, 320 00:19:01,160 --> 00:19:05,479 Speaker 1: started actively trying to find and capture Tupaca Maru. On 321 00:19:05,520 --> 00:19:08,520 Speaker 1: April seventh, they trapped Michaela and two of her sons. 322 00:19:09,200 --> 00:19:12,480 Speaker 1: Michaela and Tupaca Maru had gotten separated from one another 323 00:19:12,520 --> 00:19:14,959 Speaker 1: about a month before this, and they had always planned 324 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:18,040 Speaker 1: that should something happen, they would flee through the south. 325 00:19:18,960 --> 00:19:21,120 Speaker 1: When he heard that his wife had been captured, Tupaca 326 00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:23,480 Speaker 1: Maru did just that, and along the way one of 327 00:19:23,520 --> 00:19:27,600 Speaker 1: his followers, a man named Ventura Landeta, insisted that he 328 00:19:27,680 --> 00:19:29,959 Speaker 1: stopped and take a rest. It turned out that this 329 00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:33,720 Speaker 1: was a trap. Tupacar Maru was taken into Spanish custody 330 00:19:33,760 --> 00:19:37,560 Speaker 1: along with his wife and children, along with other prisoners. 331 00:19:37,600 --> 00:19:41,760 Speaker 1: Tupac Amaru and Michaela Bastias were put on trial that April, 332 00:19:42,280 --> 00:19:45,640 Speaker 1: and when tupac Amaru refused to incriminate himself or name 333 00:19:45,680 --> 00:19:50,440 Speaker 1: any of his accomplices, he was tortured by stretching. His wife, 334 00:19:50,480 --> 00:19:52,720 Speaker 1: on the other hand, claimed that she knew very little 335 00:19:52,760 --> 00:19:56,119 Speaker 1: about the rebellion and had in fact been coerced into participating. 336 00:19:57,680 --> 00:20:01,840 Speaker 1: After days of being questioned and times tortured, on May eighth, 337 00:20:01,920 --> 00:20:05,280 Speaker 1: seventeen eighty one, Tupaca Matu and Michaela Bastias were taken 338 00:20:05,359 --> 00:20:10,520 Speaker 1: to the gallows for the other horrifying execution in this episode. First, 339 00:20:10,640 --> 00:20:13,840 Speaker 1: they were made to watch the executions of other prisoners. 340 00:20:14,040 --> 00:20:16,439 Speaker 1: Some of them were family members, one of them was 341 00:20:16,480 --> 00:20:20,760 Speaker 1: actually their eldest son. These other prisoners were dragged behind 342 00:20:20,840 --> 00:20:23,840 Speaker 1: horses and had their tongues cut out before they were hanged. 343 00:20:24,200 --> 00:20:27,119 Speaker 1: One was placed in a chair and slowly strangled with 344 00:20:27,160 --> 00:20:30,320 Speaker 1: an iron bar before being hanged to confirm that she 345 00:20:30,440 --> 00:20:35,679 Speaker 1: was dead. Sources actually disagree on exactly how Michaela Bastidas 346 00:20:35,760 --> 00:20:40,040 Speaker 1: was executed. However, universally, she is described as being tortured 347 00:20:40,080 --> 00:20:43,800 Speaker 1: to death while her husband Tupaca Maru, was made to watch. 348 00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:46,879 Speaker 1: And then and the thing that caused me to I 349 00:20:46,960 --> 00:20:49,000 Speaker 1: am Holly and tell her this sounded like it was 350 00:20:49,040 --> 00:20:52,080 Speaker 1: out of Game of Thrones. Tupacamat, who's tongue was cut out, 351 00:20:52,520 --> 00:20:54,840 Speaker 1: his limbs were tied to four horses in order to 352 00:20:54,880 --> 00:20:57,879 Speaker 1: be quartered. They didn't actually quarter him, though his limbs 353 00:20:57,880 --> 00:21:01,399 Speaker 1: were dislocated but not severed from his body. Then he 354 00:21:01,520 --> 00:21:05,640 Speaker 1: was beheaded. This time his youngest son, who was ten 355 00:21:05,720 --> 00:21:11,159 Speaker 1: years old, was made to watch. After the executions, Tupaca 356 00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:14,560 Speaker 1: Maru and Michaela's bodies were dismembered and the parts were 357 00:21:14,600 --> 00:21:17,720 Speaker 1: sent to surrounding cities to serve as a warning, while 358 00:21:17,720 --> 00:21:22,240 Speaker 1: their torsos were burned on a bonfire. Their executions didn't 359 00:21:22,240 --> 00:21:25,720 Speaker 1: stop the rebellion, though other leaders moved into Tupacamas place, 360 00:21:25,960 --> 00:21:28,840 Speaker 1: some of them also taking a similar name, including his successor, 361 00:21:28,960 --> 00:21:35,760 Speaker 1: Diego tupacam He would also be executed on July seventy three. Eventually, 362 00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:41,359 Speaker 1: after numerous gory executions, the rebellion failed. About one hundred 363 00:21:41,440 --> 00:21:44,880 Speaker 1: thousand people were killed, most of them indigenous South Americans. 364 00:21:45,560 --> 00:21:49,560 Speaker 1: Spain put increasing restrictions on South America's indigenous people in 365 00:21:49,600 --> 00:21:53,880 Speaker 1: the hope of preventing another uprising, including forbidding the tupac 366 00:21:53,920 --> 00:21:57,680 Speaker 1: Amaru Rebellion from being discussed or written about at all. 367 00:21:58,400 --> 00:22:00,800 Speaker 1: Tupacamat who was still a really all known figure in 368 00:22:00,840 --> 00:22:04,640 Speaker 1: South America today, although MICHAELA bit Beastitas has largely been 369 00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:07,080 Speaker 1: written out of a lot of accounts in spite of 370 00:22:07,080 --> 00:22:09,439 Speaker 1: the fact that she was a leader of this rebellion. Also, 371 00:22:10,240 --> 00:22:13,640 Speaker 1: Tupacamaty's name and image have also been used as part 372 00:22:13,680 --> 00:22:17,439 Speaker 1: of other revolutionary movements. Uh And if you're interested in 373 00:22:17,480 --> 00:22:20,919 Speaker 1: hearing more about the story, um There is a pretty 374 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:23,520 Speaker 1: recent book which was actually how I heard about this 375 00:22:23,600 --> 00:22:27,000 Speaker 1: in the first place, was was reviewing a catalog recently 376 00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:31,359 Speaker 1: published books. UM. It is by Charles F. Walker, and 377 00:22:31,440 --> 00:22:34,359 Speaker 1: it is called The Tupacar Mighty Rebellion, and it is 378 00:22:34,680 --> 00:22:37,520 Speaker 1: from the Bell Knapp Press of Harvard University Press. It 379 00:22:37,520 --> 00:22:40,080 Speaker 1: actually came out Ineen, but I think there's a paperback 380 00:22:40,119 --> 00:22:42,280 Speaker 1: of it that is coming out soon. And it goes 381 00:22:42,320 --> 00:22:45,680 Speaker 1: into a lot more detail than what we have talked 382 00:22:45,720 --> 00:22:48,119 Speaker 1: about today. It especially gets into a lot of the 383 00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:54,600 Speaker 1: more specifics about the individual UM actions between our UH, 384 00:22:54,680 --> 00:22:58,240 Speaker 1: the individual actions between the rebels and the Spanish, and 385 00:22:58,240 --> 00:23:01,080 Speaker 1: and specifics on where are all of this fighting took 386 00:23:01,119 --> 00:23:03,399 Speaker 1: place and how it all played out, and then also 387 00:23:03,560 --> 00:23:08,840 Speaker 1: somewhere about how it later affected UH the colonial government 388 00:23:09,160 --> 00:23:12,960 Speaker 1: in South America. And now after all of that rebellion 389 00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:15,520 Speaker 1: and execution, do you have some listener mail for us? 390 00:23:16,040 --> 00:23:18,520 Speaker 1: I do. It is from Waldo and Wilder, says Holly 391 00:23:18,520 --> 00:23:21,080 Speaker 1: and Tracy. I love the show. I most often listen 392 00:23:21,119 --> 00:23:22,919 Speaker 1: to you on my way to work, driving through a 393 00:23:22,920 --> 00:23:26,359 Speaker 1: place that you both love. I'm having I'm searching for 394 00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:29,560 Speaker 1: a suitable fan trinket for you too. But I don't 395 00:23:29,560 --> 00:23:31,919 Speaker 1: want to tip my hands too far, and I'm a 396 00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:34,480 Speaker 1: recent convert from having listened to stuff you should Know 397 00:23:34,560 --> 00:23:36,119 Speaker 1: for a few years. I still listen to them, but 398 00:23:36,160 --> 00:23:39,760 Speaker 1: you're my new favorite. While listening to the Robert Smalls episode, 399 00:23:39,760 --> 00:23:41,920 Speaker 1: I noticed that Abraham Lincoln was called out for being 400 00:23:41,960 --> 00:23:45,359 Speaker 1: a Republican, and this tied to some minor annoyances that 401 00:23:45,440 --> 00:23:48,920 Speaker 1: I have with some of my beloved Republican friends. Occasionally 402 00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:52,320 Speaker 1: come across posts talking about how great the Republican Party is. 403 00:23:52,680 --> 00:23:56,239 Speaker 1: Parentheses Republicans ended slavery, but Democrats wanted to keep it. 404 00:23:56,720 --> 00:23:59,320 Speaker 1: I have to stifle myself from having a well actually moment, 405 00:23:59,440 --> 00:24:02,560 Speaker 1: I pointing out that the relative positions of Democrat and 406 00:24:02,600 --> 00:24:06,920 Speaker 1: Republican parties had swapped uh in positions of conservative versus 407 00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:09,720 Speaker 1: liberal over time. Would you consider doing an episode on 408 00:24:09,760 --> 00:24:12,320 Speaker 1: the history of political parties in the United States. I 409 00:24:12,359 --> 00:24:14,200 Speaker 1: would love to experience your treatment because you have a 410 00:24:14,240 --> 00:24:17,080 Speaker 1: knack for explaining the context and impact in a relatable manner. 411 00:24:17,119 --> 00:24:19,040 Speaker 1: Thank you for your work. Take care of Waldo. Thank 412 00:24:19,080 --> 00:24:21,840 Speaker 1: you Waldo for this note. We got several notes that 413 00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:26,720 Speaker 1: were along these lines. So the first thing I wanted 414 00:24:26,760 --> 00:24:28,879 Speaker 1: to say is that like, I don't. I can't speak 415 00:24:28,880 --> 00:24:31,960 Speaker 1: for Holly. I personally find the story of how the 416 00:24:32,720 --> 00:24:38,000 Speaker 1: Democratic and Republican parties so called switch places annoying and 417 00:24:38,040 --> 00:24:41,879 Speaker 1: I don't want to research it. That's not what I 418 00:24:41,920 --> 00:24:46,240 Speaker 1: expected to do this, you know, I just it makes 419 00:24:46,320 --> 00:24:51,399 Speaker 1: me mad. Like so number one, Yes, both parties have 420 00:24:51,640 --> 00:24:55,639 Speaker 1: drastically different platforms than they did during the Civil War, 421 00:24:55,880 --> 00:24:59,639 Speaker 1: Like they are not the same platforms at all, And 422 00:24:59,720 --> 00:25:02,679 Speaker 1: a lot lot of people like to put the credit 423 00:25:02,840 --> 00:25:04,600 Speaker 1: or blame, however you want to look at it on 424 00:25:04,680 --> 00:25:07,240 Speaker 1: like a specific event in history, and a lot of 425 00:25:07,240 --> 00:25:12,439 Speaker 1: people say that that it's after the passage of the 426 00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:15,879 Speaker 1: UM of the Civil Rights Act, and that it was 427 00:25:15,920 --> 00:25:18,320 Speaker 1: all related to the sixties, but they're actually lots and 428 00:25:18,359 --> 00:25:20,240 Speaker 1: lots and lots of things that played out over more 429 00:25:20,240 --> 00:25:25,480 Speaker 1: than a hundred years. And I just personally find an 430 00:25:25,520 --> 00:25:31,160 Speaker 1: irritating story. And uh, and our episodes are the best 431 00:25:31,240 --> 00:25:35,320 Speaker 1: when whoever is doing the research is enjoying what they're doing. UM. 432 00:25:35,520 --> 00:25:38,560 Speaker 1: So I like, I don't, I especially probably not this 433 00:25:38,720 --> 00:25:42,000 Speaker 1: election cycle. We're probably not going to have an episode 434 00:25:42,040 --> 00:25:44,520 Speaker 1: on that, um. But I do want to make it 435 00:25:44,560 --> 00:25:49,800 Speaker 1: really really clear both parties have drastically different platforms that 436 00:25:49,960 --> 00:25:52,760 Speaker 1: they than they had a hundred and fifty years ago. 437 00:25:53,240 --> 00:25:55,600 Speaker 1: So in addition to the whole story of how they 438 00:25:55,640 --> 00:26:00,480 Speaker 1: gradually changed their platforms, like that story annoys me. Uh, 439 00:26:00,520 --> 00:26:05,760 Speaker 1: the Facebook memes and whatnot that that try to use 440 00:26:06,080 --> 00:26:10,080 Speaker 1: this historical fact as a reason to vote for or 441 00:26:10,119 --> 00:26:13,600 Speaker 1: against one party or another also get on my nerves 442 00:26:13,800 --> 00:26:21,760 Speaker 1: because like, that's not the reason to make your voting choice, right, Like, yeah, 443 00:26:22,280 --> 00:26:26,520 Speaker 1: you should vote for the candidate that you support right now, 444 00:26:27,560 --> 00:26:31,760 Speaker 1: not for the candidate the candidate whose party was doing 445 00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:36,800 Speaker 1: something completely different a hundred and fifty years ago. Uh 446 00:26:36,840 --> 00:26:41,520 Speaker 1: So yeah, obviously that whole subject marks me. My point 447 00:26:41,520 --> 00:26:43,879 Speaker 1: of view on it is. I actually find the switch 448 00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:48,119 Speaker 1: kind of interesting, but I feel like, um, it's a landline. 449 00:26:48,160 --> 00:26:51,879 Speaker 1: It doesn't matter how like fair and clear and accurate 450 00:26:52,040 --> 00:26:54,320 Speaker 1: you try to do it, someone will get super duper mad. 451 00:26:54,359 --> 00:26:56,800 Speaker 1: And because we are in a very politically charged climate, 452 00:26:56,960 --> 00:27:01,359 Speaker 1: like it's not worth it. Yeah, and I'm with you, 453 00:27:01,640 --> 00:27:04,080 Speaker 1: I get again. I don't mean to be judging, but 454 00:27:04,160 --> 00:27:06,920 Speaker 1: I get frustrated with the political memes because I feel 455 00:27:06,960 --> 00:27:10,080 Speaker 1: like some of them are witty and and well put together. 456 00:27:10,160 --> 00:27:12,800 Speaker 1: But the bottom line is that in a lot of cases, 457 00:27:12,800 --> 00:27:16,040 Speaker 1: particularly on social media, you kind of see political discourse 458 00:27:16,119 --> 00:27:19,359 Speaker 1: distilled down to nothing but that, And I'm like, that 459 00:27:19,560 --> 00:27:23,320 Speaker 1: is not thinking about the issues and what is really 460 00:27:23,359 --> 00:27:25,840 Speaker 1: important to you as a person, Like I don't care 461 00:27:25,880 --> 00:27:28,320 Speaker 1: which side you're on, let's just have a discussion about 462 00:27:28,320 --> 00:27:31,280 Speaker 1: it at least instead of just pictures in five words 463 00:27:31,320 --> 00:27:34,640 Speaker 1: like that can never really encapsulate all of the important 464 00:27:34,640 --> 00:27:37,320 Speaker 1: things you should consider when you cast your vote. Somebody 465 00:27:37,320 --> 00:27:41,040 Speaker 1: comes to you and tries to tell you that, uh, like, 466 00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:45,879 Speaker 1: for example, you should not vote for a Democrat because 467 00:27:45,920 --> 00:27:52,720 Speaker 1: the Democrats fought for slavery. That's ridiculous, Like, you should 468 00:27:52,760 --> 00:27:57,560 Speaker 1: look at what the candidates are doing now too. Yes, 469 00:27:58,119 --> 00:28:01,800 Speaker 1: both of the primary parties in the United States have dramatically, 470 00:28:01,920 --> 00:28:05,480 Speaker 1: dramatically different platforms than they had a hundred and fifty 471 00:28:05,520 --> 00:28:08,159 Speaker 1: years ago. So yes, I think probably we will not 472 00:28:08,480 --> 00:28:12,840 Speaker 1: be doing that episode, especially in a presidential election year. 473 00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:15,000 Speaker 1: But there's a ton of information about it on the 474 00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:18,400 Speaker 1: internet if you want to go research that for yourself. Um, 475 00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:20,760 Speaker 1: just don't try to use a party's history from a 476 00:28:20,840 --> 00:28:23,560 Speaker 1: hundred and fifty years ago to decide who you're voting 477 00:28:23,600 --> 00:28:30,119 Speaker 1: for now. That doesn't make sense, Uh, and if you 478 00:28:30,119 --> 00:28:31,720 Speaker 1: live in the United States wherever, if you live in 479 00:28:31,760 --> 00:28:33,560 Speaker 1: a place where you have the right to vote, vote 480 00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:36,080 Speaker 1: it's important. Uh. If you would like to write to 481 00:28:36,119 --> 00:28:38,400 Speaker 1: us about this or any other podcast for history podcasts 482 00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:40,400 Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com. We're also on Facebook 483 00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:42,320 Speaker 1: at facebook dot com slash miss in history and on 484 00:28:42,360 --> 00:28:44,720 Speaker 1: Twitter at miss in History. Are Tumbler is miss in 485 00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:46,880 Speaker 1: history dot tumbler dot com. We're also on penetras at 486 00:28:46,880 --> 00:28:49,760 Speaker 1: metros dot com slash missed in History. If you would 487 00:28:49,800 --> 00:28:51,640 Speaker 1: like to come to our parent company's website, which is 488 00:28:51,640 --> 00:28:53,760 Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com, you will find out kinds 489 00:28:53,760 --> 00:28:56,239 Speaker 1: of information about all kinds of awesome subjects. And then 490 00:28:56,240 --> 00:28:58,400 Speaker 1: you can also come to our website, which is missed 491 00:28:58,400 --> 00:29:01,400 Speaker 1: in History dot com. You will find show notes. We 492 00:29:01,440 --> 00:29:03,800 Speaker 1: will actually have in the show notes for today's episode 493 00:29:03,840 --> 00:29:05,680 Speaker 1: the book but I talked about earlier if you did 494 00:29:05,720 --> 00:29:08,440 Speaker 1: not write it down. Uh. We have an archive of 495 00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:10,680 Speaker 1: every episode we've ever done, lots of other cool stuff, 496 00:29:10,680 --> 00:29:12,080 Speaker 1: so you can do all that and a whole lot 497 00:29:12,080 --> 00:29:14,400 Speaker 1: more at how stuff works dot com or missed in 498 00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:21,680 Speaker 1: History dot com. For more on this and thousands of 499 00:29:21,720 --> 00:29:36,320 Speaker 1: other topics. Is that how stuff works dot com.