1 00:00:06,600 --> 00:00:09,680 Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature Future production of I Heart Radio. I'm 2 00:00:09,720 --> 00:00:13,760 Speaker 1: your host of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology 3 00:00:13,760 --> 00:00:18,280 Speaker 1: and evolutionary biology, and today is a listener Questions episode. 4 00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:23,160 Speaker 1: I'm getting over an illness, so I thought i'd kick back, 5 00:00:23,400 --> 00:00:27,720 Speaker 1: read some of your emails and answer your questions. And yeah, 6 00:00:27,760 --> 00:00:31,720 Speaker 1: I'm feeling better now, So I am so happy to 7 00:00:31,840 --> 00:00:34,839 Speaker 1: read your emails. And I did a little bit of 8 00:00:34,920 --> 00:00:38,240 Speaker 1: fun research for this. Always love getting your questions because 9 00:00:38,360 --> 00:00:41,880 Speaker 1: it often sends me down rabbit holes that I didn't 10 00:00:41,920 --> 00:00:45,560 Speaker 1: even think to go down. Uh. And if you have questions, 11 00:00:45,680 --> 00:00:48,360 Speaker 1: you can always email me at Creature Feature pot at 12 00:00:48,400 --> 00:00:52,200 Speaker 1: gmail dot com and maybe I will answer your question 13 00:00:52,240 --> 00:00:56,000 Speaker 1: on another one of these listener Questions episodes. So let's 14 00:00:56,040 --> 00:00:59,360 Speaker 1: get right into it. Hi, my boyfriend and I heard 15 00:00:59,400 --> 00:01:03,360 Speaker 1: an interesting scenario while watching YouTube. Quote a fully grown 16 00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:06,800 Speaker 1: polar bear versus a fully grown great white in Analympic 17 00:01:06,880 --> 00:01:09,560 Speaker 1: sized swimming pool that is seven ft deep and seventy 18 00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:13,840 Speaker 1: five degrees fahrenheit. Who wins. We had a fun speculating, 19 00:01:13,880 --> 00:01:16,960 Speaker 1: but wanted to get an expert opinion. Love the show 20 00:01:17,040 --> 00:01:21,720 Speaker 1: Bird's Rights Emaretta Ce. So this is an interesting question. 21 00:01:22,080 --> 00:01:25,240 Speaker 1: As you may already know, polar bears and great white 22 00:01:25,240 --> 00:01:28,160 Speaker 1: sharks don't inhabit the same range, so we can only 23 00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:32,679 Speaker 1: imagine the clashes between them. There are sharks that exist 24 00:01:32,720 --> 00:01:35,720 Speaker 1: in the Arctic, including the greenland shark, who can live 25 00:01:35,760 --> 00:01:38,280 Speaker 1: for hundreds of years and can grow up to twenty 26 00:01:38,360 --> 00:01:42,240 Speaker 1: one ft long, which is about six point five meters. 27 00:01:42,920 --> 00:01:46,360 Speaker 1: There was a case where a young polar bears jawbone 28 00:01:46,800 --> 00:01:50,480 Speaker 1: was found in a greenland shark's stomach, but it's unknown 29 00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:53,920 Speaker 1: of the shark actively preyed upon a swimming polar bear 30 00:01:54,120 --> 00:01:58,760 Speaker 1: or merely eight a drowned carcass. But onto this fantasy 31 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:02,400 Speaker 1: fight between a great white shark and a polar bear. First, 32 00:02:02,480 --> 00:02:05,360 Speaker 1: let's do the way in In one corner we have 33 00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:09,280 Speaker 1: the polar bear. Let's go with the adult male polar bear, 34 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:11,800 Speaker 1: because they are the largest. They can weigh up to 35 00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:16,840 Speaker 1: one thousand, five hundred pounds or seven hundred ms. They 36 00:02:16,840 --> 00:02:20,080 Speaker 1: can be over nine ft long or three meters, and 37 00:02:20,160 --> 00:02:22,959 Speaker 1: on its hind legs it can stand at eleven feet 38 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:27,079 Speaker 1: tall or three point four meters. At the shoulders they 39 00:02:27,120 --> 00:02:31,040 Speaker 1: stand about three point five to five ft or one 40 00:02:31,080 --> 00:02:33,880 Speaker 1: to one point five meters, so they would only be 41 00:02:33,919 --> 00:02:37,239 Speaker 1: able to stand in your seven foot deep battle pool 42 00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:41,640 Speaker 1: by standing on their hind legs. They are proficient swimmers 43 00:02:41,680 --> 00:02:45,040 Speaker 1: and can swim for days at a time, the longest 44 00:02:45,080 --> 00:02:49,240 Speaker 1: recorded time being nine days and four hundred miles or 45 00:02:49,320 --> 00:02:53,520 Speaker 1: seven hundred kilometers. They can swim at six miles per 46 00:02:53,600 --> 00:02:56,960 Speaker 1: hour ten kilometers an hour, and the temperature of the 47 00:02:57,000 --> 00:03:00,800 Speaker 1: water they typically swim in is around thirty degrees fahrenheit 48 00:03:00,960 --> 00:03:04,000 Speaker 1: or point seven degrees celsius, so they are used to 49 00:03:04,040 --> 00:03:07,200 Speaker 1: it being a bit chillier than the battle pool that 50 00:03:07,320 --> 00:03:11,080 Speaker 1: is at seventy five degrees fahrenheit. So in the other 51 00:03:11,240 --> 00:03:16,320 Speaker 1: corner of our imaginary battle pool is the great white shark. 52 00:03:16,520 --> 00:03:19,280 Speaker 1: So females are larger than the males, so let's have 53 00:03:19,320 --> 00:03:23,280 Speaker 1: a female. She can weigh around two thousand, four hundred 54 00:03:23,360 --> 00:03:27,919 Speaker 1: and fifty pounds over one thousand one ks, and grow 55 00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:33,160 Speaker 1: up to sixteen feet or five meters long. The largest 56 00:03:33,200 --> 00:03:36,280 Speaker 1: great whites can grow over twenty feet in length and 57 00:03:36,320 --> 00:03:40,720 Speaker 1: weigh over four thousand pounds. They can swim at thirty 58 00:03:40,720 --> 00:03:43,839 Speaker 1: five miles per hour or fifty nine kilometers per hour, 59 00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:46,920 Speaker 1: and they tend to live in water temperatures from fifty 60 00:03:46,960 --> 00:03:50,560 Speaker 1: four to seventy five degrees fahrenheit or twelve to twenty 61 00:03:50,560 --> 00:03:54,080 Speaker 1: four degrees celsius, so they'd be very comfortable in that 62 00:03:54,200 --> 00:03:58,440 Speaker 1: seventy five degree fahrenheit battle pool you've created. So again, 63 00:03:58,520 --> 00:04:03,600 Speaker 1: to compare, the large adult male polar bear is up 64 00:04:03,640 --> 00:04:07,400 Speaker 1: to one thousand, five hundred pounds and nine feet long, 65 00:04:07,640 --> 00:04:13,320 Speaker 1: whereas the largest Great whites can weigh over four thousand 66 00:04:13,440 --> 00:04:17,880 Speaker 1: pounds and grow over twenty feet. So great whites are 67 00:04:18,400 --> 00:04:21,839 Speaker 1: much larger than the polar bears, and they can also 68 00:04:21,920 --> 00:04:25,719 Speaker 1: take down prey larger than themselves. So great whites can 69 00:04:25,800 --> 00:04:29,559 Speaker 1: take down whale sharks, but they do prefer to take 70 00:04:29,680 --> 00:04:33,520 Speaker 1: on prey that is smaller than themselves. They can easily 71 00:04:33,520 --> 00:04:37,800 Speaker 1: take on sea lions or elephant seals. Meanwhile, polar bears 72 00:04:37,880 --> 00:04:42,279 Speaker 1: tend to hunt smaller seals uh, and they can only 73 00:04:42,360 --> 00:04:47,480 Speaker 1: take down larger prey like walruses by actually using tools. 74 00:04:47,560 --> 00:04:51,040 Speaker 1: So polar bears have been known to toss chunks of 75 00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:55,800 Speaker 1: ice or rocks at walruses. It sounds too incredible to 76 00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:59,600 Speaker 1: be true, but this has been noted by Inuit observers 77 00:04:59,640 --> 00:05:04,599 Speaker 1: for centuries, and also by contemporary researchers who have videotaped 78 00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:09,400 Speaker 1: polar bears throwing ice at seals. So who would win 79 00:05:09,560 --> 00:05:13,000 Speaker 1: between the great white shark and the polar bear? Purely 80 00:05:13,080 --> 00:05:17,480 Speaker 1: based on their physical strength ability maneuverability under the water, 81 00:05:17,680 --> 00:05:21,640 Speaker 1: I think that the large adult female great white shark 82 00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:25,680 Speaker 1: would handily win against the largest adult male polar bear. 83 00:05:26,240 --> 00:05:28,960 Speaker 1: But if you gave the polar bear the opportunity to 84 00:05:29,000 --> 00:05:32,440 Speaker 1: get out of the pool and grab some boulders, maybe 85 00:05:32,480 --> 00:05:38,760 Speaker 1: he'd have a fighting chance. Next listener email next listener email. Okay, 86 00:05:38,960 --> 00:05:41,280 Speaker 1: hi kitty. The other day, I came home from work 87 00:05:41,279 --> 00:05:44,040 Speaker 1: to find my cats and dogs at the sliding door, 88 00:05:44,320 --> 00:05:48,200 Speaker 1: very interested in something. I walk over and find this 89 00:05:48,279 --> 00:05:52,960 Speaker 1: aggressive turkey challenging them through the glass door. I thought 90 00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:55,479 Speaker 1: this was very odd, as I have a fenced yard 91 00:05:55,520 --> 00:05:59,280 Speaker 1: and wild turkeys don't normally come to my patio, and 92 00:05:59,360 --> 00:06:02,800 Speaker 1: if they do, upon seeing the dog, they will back up. Well. 93 00:06:03,240 --> 00:06:06,400 Speaker 1: Upon further investigation, I come to find it's a mama 94 00:06:06,480 --> 00:06:09,880 Speaker 1: turkey and she's just protecting her little ones. I got 95 00:06:09,880 --> 00:06:12,039 Speaker 1: the pets away from the door, and she calmed down 96 00:06:12,120 --> 00:06:17,160 Speaker 1: and rested while the babies explored and eventually they wandered away. Anyways, 97 00:06:17,240 --> 00:06:20,440 Speaker 1: I thought you'd like the picks from Katie. Thank you 98 00:06:20,560 --> 00:06:23,640 Speaker 1: fellow Katie. Yes I did. I loved the pictures and 99 00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:27,080 Speaker 1: I love this story. So turkeys are actually really good 100 00:06:27,120 --> 00:06:30,679 Speaker 1: parents and they are highly protective of their babies. Mother 101 00:06:30,800 --> 00:06:34,840 Speaker 1: turkeys will sometimes even feign injury like a broken wing, 102 00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:38,040 Speaker 1: by holding their wing out to their side to lead 103 00:06:38,040 --> 00:06:42,479 Speaker 1: a predator away from her young. Did you know that 104 00:06:42,680 --> 00:06:46,040 Speaker 1: young turkeys are called poults, which I think is really cute. 105 00:06:46,240 --> 00:06:49,000 Speaker 1: So unlike a lot of birds who lay their eggs 106 00:06:49,040 --> 00:06:52,960 Speaker 1: in nests in a tree and must make frequent trips 107 00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:56,320 Speaker 1: away from the nest to get food, turkeys are ground 108 00:06:56,400 --> 00:07:01,120 Speaker 1: dwelling birds and they are constantly carry for their offspring. 109 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:06,440 Speaker 1: So turkey mothers will care for their pulse basically seven, 110 00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:10,960 Speaker 1: and the little little pulse will take shelter under her wings. 111 00:07:10,960 --> 00:07:14,080 Speaker 1: It's very cute, and they will call out to each other. 112 00:07:14,200 --> 00:07:18,920 Speaker 1: It is adorable to see them out there pecking and 113 00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:25,320 Speaker 1: foraging together as a little family. Onto another question, So, 114 00:07:25,640 --> 00:07:29,200 Speaker 1: hey Katie, what about an episode about those dangerous hours 115 00:07:29,240 --> 00:07:31,560 Speaker 1: animals have to get some shut I or do they 116 00:07:31,560 --> 00:07:34,160 Speaker 1: all shut their eyes? I found it surprising just now 117 00:07:34,200 --> 00:07:37,720 Speaker 1: that turtles sleep underwater, and wonder how long they could sustain. 118 00:07:37,800 --> 00:07:39,960 Speaker 1: This seems like it would have to be more like 119 00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:43,640 Speaker 1: a short cat nap. This is from p K, so yeah, 120 00:07:43,680 --> 00:07:46,880 Speaker 1: maybe I will do an episode about sleep sometime in 121 00:07:46,880 --> 00:07:50,560 Speaker 1: the future. But to answer your question about turtles, turtles 122 00:07:50,640 --> 00:07:54,720 Speaker 1: must breathe oxygen like marine mammals. Of course, turtles are 123 00:07:54,720 --> 00:07:58,360 Speaker 1: not mammals, but they still have lungs and they must 124 00:07:58,440 --> 00:08:03,040 Speaker 1: breathe oxygen. To turtles can still survive underwater for long 125 00:08:03,200 --> 00:08:06,200 Speaker 1: periods of time, even though they do have to surface 126 00:08:06,200 --> 00:08:09,920 Speaker 1: to breathe, especially when they are at rest, they can 127 00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:14,040 Speaker 1: actually go a long time without oxygen. When they sleep, 128 00:08:14,160 --> 00:08:17,760 Speaker 1: their bodies consume less oxygen and they can stay underwater 129 00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:23,480 Speaker 1: for longer. So, for example, sea turtles while swimming must 130 00:08:23,480 --> 00:08:27,160 Speaker 1: surface to get oxygen about every few minutes, but when 131 00:08:27,200 --> 00:08:31,480 Speaker 1: at rest they can actually last for a couple hours underwater, 132 00:08:32,240 --> 00:08:35,920 Speaker 1: and older, older sea turtles are the best at this. 133 00:08:36,120 --> 00:08:38,840 Speaker 1: So when they are mature, they can sleep deep in 134 00:08:38,840 --> 00:08:41,120 Speaker 1: the water, and they seem to actually prefer to sleep 135 00:08:41,160 --> 00:08:44,240 Speaker 1: deep down in the water, maybe under a reef um, 136 00:08:44,320 --> 00:08:47,760 Speaker 1: whereas hatchlings like to sleep closer to the service, floating 137 00:08:47,760 --> 00:08:51,200 Speaker 1: with their front flippers tucked over their backs, so how 138 00:08:51,280 --> 00:08:54,600 Speaker 1: do sea turtles survive without oxygen for so long. Well, 139 00:08:54,760 --> 00:08:58,880 Speaker 1: their heart rate and other metabolic processes slow way down 140 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:03,280 Speaker 1: during rest, So while floating but not asleep, their heart 141 00:09:03,360 --> 00:09:07,160 Speaker 1: rate is around fourteen beats per minute, which is very 142 00:09:07,240 --> 00:09:10,240 Speaker 1: low compared to a human's resting heart rate of sixty 143 00:09:11,000 --> 00:09:14,840 Speaker 1: beats per minute. UH. The sea turtle's heart rate can 144 00:09:14,880 --> 00:09:18,040 Speaker 1: increase to around forty to eighty beats per minute with 145 00:09:18,160 --> 00:09:23,680 Speaker 1: increased activity, but while sleeping, sea turtle heart rates slow 146 00:09:23,880 --> 00:09:28,640 Speaker 1: way way down to about six beats per minute. That's 147 00:09:28,679 --> 00:09:34,280 Speaker 1: like one beat every ten seconds. For comparison, typical human 148 00:09:34,360 --> 00:09:37,960 Speaker 1: heart rate while sleeping is about forty to fifty beats 149 00:09:37,960 --> 00:09:42,720 Speaker 1: per minute. So in fact, human divers often train themselves 150 00:09:42,800 --> 00:09:46,760 Speaker 1: to slow their heart rate down immensely. Their heart rates 151 00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:49,600 Speaker 1: have been recorded to dip as low as eleven beats 152 00:09:49,640 --> 00:09:54,040 Speaker 1: per minute. This is right on the edge of human capability, 153 00:09:54,200 --> 00:09:57,400 Speaker 1: and free divers that push themselves to this human limit 154 00:09:57,440 --> 00:10:00,200 Speaker 1: are often at risk of blacking out and drown things. 155 00:10:00,240 --> 00:10:03,400 Speaker 1: So it's a very dangerous hobby and it's very important 156 00:10:03,440 --> 00:10:07,120 Speaker 1: to have a spot ter. The most experienced free divers 157 00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:11,439 Speaker 1: can last around four minutes underwater, and of course a reminder, 158 00:10:11,640 --> 00:10:15,920 Speaker 1: never try this in a pool, I guess without professional guidance. 159 00:10:15,960 --> 00:10:18,160 Speaker 1: I mean personally, I would not try it at all. 160 00:10:18,480 --> 00:10:21,400 Speaker 1: But people have actually drowned trying to hold their breath 161 00:10:21,480 --> 00:10:25,160 Speaker 1: for too long in a pool, especially when they do 162 00:10:25,200 --> 00:10:28,240 Speaker 1: it alone, because you can hold your breath for a 163 00:10:28,240 --> 00:10:30,959 Speaker 1: while and then kind of not realize that you are 164 00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:34,120 Speaker 1: getting close to the blackout zone, and then before you 165 00:10:34,160 --> 00:10:37,360 Speaker 1: know what, you've lost consciousness. And if you're alone, there's 166 00:10:37,400 --> 00:10:39,040 Speaker 1: no one to pick you up out of the water. 167 00:10:39,160 --> 00:10:43,840 Speaker 1: So do not do that. But still, with these experienced 168 00:10:43,960 --> 00:10:47,920 Speaker 1: human free divers, they can last around four minutes, but 169 00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:50,840 Speaker 1: that is a long way away from two hours that 170 00:10:50,960 --> 00:10:55,160 Speaker 1: sea turtles can manage at rest. So sea turtles really 171 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:57,640 Speaker 1: have us beat when it comes to slowing down their 172 00:10:57,640 --> 00:11:02,880 Speaker 1: metabolism to a all, yes, so the turtle really does 173 00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:05,679 Speaker 1: a beat. Well, I guess it's tortoise, but we are 174 00:11:05,720 --> 00:11:08,480 Speaker 1: talking about turtles. The turtle beats the hair when it 175 00:11:08,559 --> 00:11:13,040 Speaker 1: comes to slowing down their metabolism so they can survive 176 00:11:13,200 --> 00:11:20,960 Speaker 1: underwater for incredible amounts of time while sleeping. Next listener question. 177 00:11:21,280 --> 00:11:24,199 Speaker 1: Here it goes Hi, Katie, I'm thinking about these baby 178 00:11:24,240 --> 00:11:27,560 Speaker 1: formula shortages. If I remember correctly, one of the earliest 179 00:11:27,600 --> 00:11:30,160 Speaker 1: domesticated animals was the goat, and their milk was one 180 00:11:30,160 --> 00:11:33,120 Speaker 1: of the reasons that they were domesticated. I've heard that 181 00:11:33,160 --> 00:11:36,720 Speaker 1: while seventy of the world is lactose intolerant to cow's milk, 182 00:11:37,160 --> 00:11:40,079 Speaker 1: zero percent of people are lactose intolerant to goat milk. 183 00:11:40,559 --> 00:11:43,200 Speaker 1: Is goat's milk a good enough substitute for human breast 184 00:11:43,240 --> 00:11:47,640 Speaker 1: milk will h So first I will preface this with 185 00:11:47,760 --> 00:11:51,480 Speaker 1: the extremely important note I am not a doctor. I 186 00:11:51,480 --> 00:11:55,040 Speaker 1: am not a pediatrician, nor am I a goat. I 187 00:11:55,120 --> 00:11:58,319 Speaker 1: cannot give you medical advice on how to feed your baby. 188 00:11:58,840 --> 00:12:03,000 Speaker 1: Babies are extreme rereamely sensitive to changes in diet and nutrition, 189 00:12:03,120 --> 00:12:06,720 Speaker 1: so you should always, always, always talk to your pediatrician. 190 00:12:06,880 --> 00:12:09,840 Speaker 1: If you have questions about what you should or shouldn't 191 00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:14,360 Speaker 1: feed your baby. It is extremely important do not take 192 00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:19,760 Speaker 1: my advice, don't take random internet people's advice or random podcasters. 193 00:12:20,200 --> 00:12:24,040 Speaker 1: Talk to your pediatricition. So that said, let me tackle 194 00:12:24,160 --> 00:12:28,560 Speaker 1: this question from a non medical advised standpoint. So, goat's 195 00:12:28,559 --> 00:12:33,760 Speaker 1: milk does contain lactose. Therefore, if you're lactose intolerant, you 196 00:12:34,160 --> 00:12:39,240 Speaker 1: will also be intolerant to goat's milk. Now here's the caveat. 197 00:12:39,360 --> 00:12:43,719 Speaker 1: Goat's milk does contain somewhat smaller amounts of lactose than 198 00:12:43,840 --> 00:12:49,080 Speaker 1: cow's milk, so if you're only mildly lactose intolerant, it 199 00:12:49,240 --> 00:12:52,400 Speaker 1: is possible that goat's milk would have less of an 200 00:12:52,400 --> 00:12:57,160 Speaker 1: effect on you. Goat's milk is also more easily digested 201 00:12:57,200 --> 00:13:01,080 Speaker 1: by humans than cow's milk due to smaller fat molecules 202 00:13:01,120 --> 00:13:04,120 Speaker 1: that are easier for us to break down. So it's 203 00:13:04,160 --> 00:13:08,120 Speaker 1: possible that if you have only a mild lactose intolerance, 204 00:13:08,559 --> 00:13:12,560 Speaker 1: you might find goat's milk easier to drink than cow's milk. 205 00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:16,239 Speaker 1: But it is not a guarantee because it contains lactose 206 00:13:17,040 --> 00:13:21,040 Speaker 1: and your lactose intolerant. Technically, you would still probably have 207 00:13:21,120 --> 00:13:23,839 Speaker 1: a reaction if you drink enough of it. I mean, 208 00:13:23,880 --> 00:13:26,400 Speaker 1: it's kind of like, I mean, I'm lactose intolerant, and 209 00:13:26,480 --> 00:13:30,080 Speaker 1: some things I can tolerate better than others. Certain cheeses 210 00:13:30,120 --> 00:13:32,280 Speaker 1: have less lactose in it than milk, and I can 211 00:13:32,320 --> 00:13:35,800 Speaker 1: have cheese, But if I have anything milk based, I 212 00:13:35,880 --> 00:13:40,199 Speaker 1: have to take a lactaid pill and it works really well, um, 213 00:13:40,280 --> 00:13:44,600 Speaker 1: if you have a cow milk allergy, be really careful 214 00:13:45,080 --> 00:13:48,920 Speaker 1: because it's very likely you are also allergic to goat's milk. Again, 215 00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:52,320 Speaker 1: talk to your doctor about those kinds of things, because 216 00:13:52,360 --> 00:13:57,400 Speaker 1: you know your body is important. So, unfortunately, there's no 217 00:13:57,520 --> 00:14:01,640 Speaker 1: animals milk that is a suitable obstitute for human breast 218 00:14:01,679 --> 00:14:05,920 Speaker 1: milk or formula. From what I can tell from the 219 00:14:05,960 --> 00:14:09,400 Speaker 1: research that I did into this, the problem is that 220 00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:14,720 Speaker 1: human breast milk is specifically tailored to human baby nutrition 221 00:14:14,840 --> 00:14:20,040 Speaker 1: needs and digestion. So animal milk is designed for the 222 00:14:20,080 --> 00:14:23,040 Speaker 1: baby animals that will drink it. So cow milk is 223 00:14:23,400 --> 00:14:27,160 Speaker 1: designed for a baby cow's nutritional needs. Goat milk is 224 00:14:27,200 --> 00:14:30,200 Speaker 1: designed for a baby goats nutritional needs, not for a 225 00:14:30,240 --> 00:14:34,680 Speaker 1: baby humans. So the composition of these animals milk is 226 00:14:34,680 --> 00:14:37,360 Speaker 1: going to be different than what is suitable for a 227 00:14:37,400 --> 00:14:42,680 Speaker 1: baby human um. So, for example, animal milk may contain 228 00:14:42,880 --> 00:14:46,560 Speaker 1: too much or too little of certain vitamins and nutrients 229 00:14:47,160 --> 00:14:51,200 Speaker 1: or salts or proteins or fat, or the proteins maybe 230 00:14:51,240 --> 00:14:55,840 Speaker 1: too complex for a human infant to digest. I looked 231 00:14:55,880 --> 00:14:59,840 Speaker 1: up a study that showed serious medical issues when goats 232 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:03,800 Speaker 1: ink was used as a substitute for breast milk and infants, 233 00:15:03,840 --> 00:15:08,440 Speaker 1: resulting in things like anemia, allergic reaction, electrolyte and balance, 234 00:15:08,520 --> 00:15:12,560 Speaker 1: and metabolic acid doosis, which is an imbalance of the 235 00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:16,640 Speaker 1: body's acid and base levels. Uh. So, you know, not 236 00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:20,680 Speaker 1: something really to mess around with for an infant. Who 237 00:15:20,720 --> 00:15:24,880 Speaker 1: are they are very They're very delicate. Their digestion is very, 238 00:15:24,960 --> 00:15:28,400 Speaker 1: very delicate. And yeah, don't take my word for it. 239 00:15:28,440 --> 00:15:31,600 Speaker 1: If you are wondering what to feed your baby, talk 240 00:15:31,640 --> 00:15:35,560 Speaker 1: to your pediatrician. Um and uh, you know, good luck 241 00:15:35,560 --> 00:15:41,440 Speaker 1: out there for everyone with babies. So uh, moving on 242 00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:45,680 Speaker 1: to the next question, I think you forgot to answer 243 00:15:45,720 --> 00:15:48,960 Speaker 1: another question about camels. There's an old saying about the 244 00:15:48,960 --> 00:15:52,400 Speaker 1: straw that broke the camel's back. It would not literally 245 00:15:52,480 --> 00:15:55,680 Speaker 1: break the camel's back, but our camels really that picky 246 00:15:55,720 --> 00:15:58,640 Speaker 1: and sensitive about how much they will carry, thank you, 247 00:15:58,800 --> 00:16:03,000 Speaker 1: Stephen m. So camels aren't so sensitive that they can 248 00:16:03,040 --> 00:16:06,200 Speaker 1: distinguish a straw. When it comes to weight, they can 249 00:16:06,200 --> 00:16:10,640 Speaker 1: actually carry quite a hefty weight as well, but if 250 00:16:10,680 --> 00:16:15,840 Speaker 1: they are overburdened, they can suffer saddle sores, fatigue, or injury. 251 00:16:16,200 --> 00:16:19,040 Speaker 1: So what's interesting is there's actually been research done on 252 00:16:19,080 --> 00:16:23,800 Speaker 1: the maximum weight for horses to carry to avoid injury, uh, 253 00:16:24,400 --> 00:16:28,320 Speaker 1: roughly twenty of their body weight. But I haven't been 254 00:16:28,360 --> 00:16:33,520 Speaker 1: able to find any comparable research for camels. Seems like 255 00:16:34,840 --> 00:16:37,520 Speaker 1: how much a camel can carry depends on a number 256 00:16:37,560 --> 00:16:41,920 Speaker 1: of factors, like the camel species. So like as a reminder, 257 00:16:41,920 --> 00:16:46,560 Speaker 1: there are three species of camel, the Dromedary, the Bactrian 258 00:16:46,840 --> 00:16:50,960 Speaker 1: and then the wild Bactrian camel on the Dramedarian bactory 259 00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:55,920 Speaker 1: in which are the two domesticated camels. Uh, they're carrying 260 00:16:55,920 --> 00:16:59,320 Speaker 1: abilities are going to differ. It's gonna also differ based 261 00:16:59,360 --> 00:17:04,840 Speaker 1: on the ammal's size, their age. Uh, It'll depend on 262 00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:09,479 Speaker 1: the ambient temperature, uh, the amount of distance that the 263 00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:12,679 Speaker 1: camel has to cover, and what the camel can forage 264 00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:18,160 Speaker 1: in that distance. So UH, ethical camel owners should make 265 00:17:18,200 --> 00:17:21,040 Speaker 1: sure that if they're ever using a camel to carry 266 00:17:21,040 --> 00:17:25,200 Speaker 1: a load or to carry riders, the camel never shows 267 00:17:25,200 --> 00:17:29,760 Speaker 1: any signs of the stress or fatigue. So a fatigued 268 00:17:29,920 --> 00:17:34,679 Speaker 1: distressed camel will actually get sweat patches. UH, it will 269 00:17:34,680 --> 00:17:37,359 Speaker 1: start to crouch whenever, like you come to a stop 270 00:17:37,440 --> 00:17:39,800 Speaker 1: to try to get some rest. It can start to 271 00:17:39,880 --> 00:17:42,119 Speaker 1: tear up and get a running nose. So you know, 272 00:17:42,240 --> 00:17:44,560 Speaker 1: just kind of like a person, like if you are 273 00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:48,679 Speaker 1: over exerting yourself, you you know, might get sweaty, you 274 00:17:48,760 --> 00:17:51,160 Speaker 1: might want to like crouch down, get a ruddy nose, 275 00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:53,960 Speaker 1: get ready eyes. So if a camel is doing those 276 00:17:53,960 --> 00:18:00,480 Speaker 1: things as well, it is overworked, overburdened, and that's not good. Um. 277 00:18:00,560 --> 00:18:04,639 Speaker 1: The range of weight that they can carry, uh is 278 00:18:05,520 --> 00:18:09,600 Speaker 1: I mean it's around two hundred to six hundred pounds 279 00:18:09,720 --> 00:18:15,439 Speaker 1: or maybe hundred seventy two seventy but you know, again 280 00:18:15,480 --> 00:18:19,360 Speaker 1: it's like it there's it really depends on the context. 281 00:18:19,640 --> 00:18:24,240 Speaker 1: And a good camel steward will make sure that the 282 00:18:24,320 --> 00:18:28,520 Speaker 1: camel is not showing signs of distress, uh, you know, 283 00:18:28,920 --> 00:18:33,080 Speaker 1: and not overworking the camel. So instead of actually seeing 284 00:18:33,080 --> 00:18:35,800 Speaker 1: how many straws that we can add to a camel 285 00:18:35,880 --> 00:18:38,520 Speaker 1: until it breaks its back, what about whether the camel 286 00:18:38,560 --> 00:18:41,679 Speaker 1: would like a straw and it's camel margarita. So what 287 00:18:41,920 --> 00:18:46,960 Speaker 1: makes for a happy camel? I'm talking about domesticated camels 288 00:18:46,960 --> 00:18:50,360 Speaker 1: of course, for the rare wild bactory and camels their 289 00:18:50,440 --> 00:18:54,280 Speaker 1: happiest in their natural environment and left alone. But the 290 00:18:54,359 --> 00:18:58,280 Speaker 1: two most populous species of camels are both domesticated. So 291 00:18:58,680 --> 00:19:01,560 Speaker 1: how do you keep a domestic a camel happy? Well, 292 00:19:01,920 --> 00:19:06,560 Speaker 1: even though there's not that much emphasis put on camel enrichment, 293 00:19:06,640 --> 00:19:11,680 Speaker 1: they really do enjoy enrichment. Uh. They like scratching posts 294 00:19:11,760 --> 00:19:15,000 Speaker 1: where they can rub their coats on. So camels actually 295 00:19:15,080 --> 00:19:18,480 Speaker 1: grow these thick winter coats which shed like crazy in 296 00:19:18,560 --> 00:19:21,400 Speaker 1: the summer because they have to endure these big, big 297 00:19:21,440 --> 00:19:25,280 Speaker 1: shifts in temperature from winter to summer, and so having 298 00:19:25,280 --> 00:19:29,080 Speaker 1: a scratching post to rub off that coat is really important. 299 00:19:29,119 --> 00:19:31,920 Speaker 1: It'd be like if you had a scratchy wool sweater 300 00:19:32,040 --> 00:19:34,800 Speaker 1: that you couldn't get off in summer, and so having 301 00:19:35,240 --> 00:19:38,680 Speaker 1: something where they can rip off that winter coat will 302 00:19:38,680 --> 00:19:42,159 Speaker 1: make them really happy. They also love sand, which is 303 00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:45,120 Speaker 1: great because they have to spend a lot of time 304 00:19:45,119 --> 00:19:47,399 Speaker 1: in it. But if they're in an enclosure with like 305 00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:50,200 Speaker 1: hard ground surfaces, they're not going to be as happy 306 00:19:50,280 --> 00:19:52,600 Speaker 1: as if they have the soft sand in it. So 307 00:19:52,640 --> 00:19:55,760 Speaker 1: they like the softness of sand for sleeping and walking. 308 00:19:56,119 --> 00:19:59,920 Speaker 1: They also like to roll around in sand, and camels 309 00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:05,160 Speaker 1: enjoy toys. Uh. They will enjoy enrichment activities like playing 310 00:20:05,200 --> 00:20:09,480 Speaker 1: soccer with giant balls. There's a really really cute YouTube video. 311 00:20:09,640 --> 00:20:11,840 Speaker 1: I'll put in the show notes of a camel playing 312 00:20:11,880 --> 00:20:16,359 Speaker 1: soccer with a giant bouncy ball, and it is so cute. 313 00:20:16,560 --> 00:20:20,119 Speaker 1: And I think it's important to like these beasts of burden, 314 00:20:20,280 --> 00:20:23,480 Speaker 1: these animals that sometimes are just like in the background, 315 00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:28,320 Speaker 1: like camels and donkeys. You know, they they have personalities, 316 00:20:28,359 --> 00:20:30,960 Speaker 1: they have feelings, and they can have fun and they 317 00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:33,119 Speaker 1: can suffer. And I think if we have a choice, 318 00:20:33,200 --> 00:20:37,080 Speaker 1: we should make sure that they have nice lives. Uh So, 319 00:20:37,240 --> 00:20:41,120 Speaker 1: you know, I don't necessarily think it is always wrong 320 00:20:41,200 --> 00:20:45,200 Speaker 1: to like ride a camel or use a camel as 321 00:20:45,240 --> 00:20:47,200 Speaker 1: a beast of burden, but I think it is important 322 00:20:47,240 --> 00:20:49,480 Speaker 1: to take care of them, be nice to them, and 323 00:20:49,920 --> 00:20:52,240 Speaker 1: you know, just like, hey, they've given us so much, 324 00:20:52,359 --> 00:20:55,800 Speaker 1: let's give back, even if that means giant soccer balls 325 00:20:56,440 --> 00:21:01,080 Speaker 1: and scratch ease for their big old coats. So now 326 00:21:01,200 --> 00:21:05,000 Speaker 1: onto the Mystery Animal Sound Game. Da da da da 327 00:21:05,080 --> 00:21:09,119 Speaker 1: bo um. I think I have a song now for 328 00:21:09,160 --> 00:21:11,480 Speaker 1: the Mystery Animal Game. Wait a minute, let me put 329 00:21:11,480 --> 00:21:15,800 Speaker 1: it in right now. Yes, welcome to the Mystery Animal 330 00:21:15,920 --> 00:21:19,359 Speaker 1: Sound Game. Every week I play a mystery animal sound 331 00:21:19,440 --> 00:21:22,240 Speaker 1: and you, the listener, try to guess who is making 332 00:21:22,280 --> 00:21:27,520 Speaker 1: that sound. Guess who is squawking? So last week's mry 333 00:21:27,560 --> 00:21:33,199 Speaker 1: animal sound hint was this. This monster can devour entire hills, 334 00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:41,360 Speaker 1: but it's still just a baby. Can you guess who 335 00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:45,240 Speaker 1: is squawking? Well only Joey p rode in and got 336 00:21:45,320 --> 00:21:49,160 Speaker 1: this one right. It is a baby giant ant eater, 337 00:21:49,560 --> 00:21:53,080 Speaker 1: so babies will make these calls to its parents so 338 00:21:53,119 --> 00:21:56,720 Speaker 1: it doesn't get lost. Adult ant eaters are a little 339 00:21:56,800 --> 00:22:01,320 Speaker 1: less noisy. Um. So. The giant ant eaters live in 340 00:22:01,520 --> 00:22:04,719 Speaker 1: Central and South America, and like their name implies, they 341 00:22:04,760 --> 00:22:07,400 Speaker 1: get quite big and they also eat ants. I love 342 00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:10,280 Speaker 1: it when an animal name just makes sense. They can 343 00:22:10,320 --> 00:22:13,480 Speaker 1: grow over seven ft long or two hundred and seventeen 344 00:22:13,560 --> 00:22:17,200 Speaker 1: centimeters and weigh over a hundred and ten pounds or 345 00:22:17,280 --> 00:22:21,600 Speaker 1: fifty They do eat ants, but they'll also eat termites. 346 00:22:21,760 --> 00:22:25,719 Speaker 1: Usually it's a seasonal thing, so when ants are in season, uh, 347 00:22:25,800 --> 00:22:28,119 Speaker 1: they'll eat them, and when termites are more in season, 348 00:22:28,119 --> 00:22:32,200 Speaker 1: they'll eat them. They use their formidable claws to gouge 349 00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:36,040 Speaker 1: open ant hills or termite mounds, and a two foot 350 00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:40,480 Speaker 1: long sticky tongue to slurp up the tasty treats. They'll 351 00:22:40,520 --> 00:22:44,520 Speaker 1: also dig holes to uncover drinking water, which other animals 352 00:22:44,520 --> 00:22:49,640 Speaker 1: will happily use as well. Now onto this week's mystery 353 00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:53,159 Speaker 1: animal sound. You won't be surprised to learn this is 354 00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:59,080 Speaker 1: called the Screaming Party. But who are the party goers? 355 00:23:05,160 --> 00:23:08,800 Speaker 1: Another hint, I actually can hear these guys right outside 356 00:23:08,840 --> 00:23:12,400 Speaker 1: my window. Well, if you think you know who's squawking, 357 00:23:12,880 --> 00:23:15,119 Speaker 1: you can write to me at Creature feature Pod at 358 00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:18,359 Speaker 1: gmail dot com. All also, take your questions. Maybe I 359 00:23:18,359 --> 00:23:20,760 Speaker 1: will answer them next time I do one of these 360 00:23:21,040 --> 00:23:25,359 Speaker 1: listener question episodes. And hey, thank you so much for listening. 361 00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:29,520 Speaker 1: I sure do appreciate it. And uh, if you are 362 00:23:29,680 --> 00:23:32,240 Speaker 1: enjoying the show and you leave me a rating and 363 00:23:32,280 --> 00:23:36,359 Speaker 1: a review, I really really really appreciate it. I appreciate 364 00:23:36,400 --> 00:23:40,800 Speaker 1: it so much. Seriously, seriously, I really really do. I mean, 365 00:23:40,560 --> 00:23:45,200 Speaker 1: I'm at a level with you. I read all the reviews. 366 00:23:45,520 --> 00:23:48,840 Speaker 1: They really mean a lot to me. I'm making a 367 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:51,760 Speaker 1: very very sincere expression right now. You can't see it, 368 00:23:52,280 --> 00:23:54,919 Speaker 1: but I am. And I you know, like, when I 369 00:23:54,920 --> 00:23:57,040 Speaker 1: read it a nice review, it makes me feel good. 370 00:23:57,080 --> 00:23:59,280 Speaker 1: It makes me feel like, hey, I should keep doing 371 00:23:59,320 --> 00:24:02,840 Speaker 1: what I'm doing, and it cheers me up, makes me happy, 372 00:24:02,880 --> 00:24:05,560 Speaker 1: motivates me to make more episodes. So when you guys 373 00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:07,800 Speaker 1: write that in, I really love it. And you know, 374 00:24:07,840 --> 00:24:10,240 Speaker 1: if you write in like what kinds of aspects to 375 00:24:10,280 --> 00:24:12,919 Speaker 1: the show you want to see more of or less of, 376 00:24:13,040 --> 00:24:17,080 Speaker 1: that's also really helpful. So I really appreciate everyone who's 377 00:24:17,119 --> 00:24:20,280 Speaker 1: given feedback. It means so much to me. It means 378 00:24:20,280 --> 00:24:22,280 Speaker 1: a lot to me too, that you're just listening. It's 379 00:24:22,320 --> 00:24:24,119 Speaker 1: so fun for me to do this and talk to 380 00:24:24,119 --> 00:24:27,960 Speaker 1: you guys, and I enjoy our little chats. Sometimes when 381 00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:30,480 Speaker 1: I do do the listener questions, it makes you feel 382 00:24:30,480 --> 00:24:33,119 Speaker 1: more like I'm talking directly to you guys. So I 383 00:24:33,119 --> 00:24:35,600 Speaker 1: hope you like it when I do these. Uh, it's 384 00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:39,280 Speaker 1: not just for me to do a shorter episode, although 385 00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:43,120 Speaker 1: it helps when I'm maybe need to recover a little 386 00:24:43,119 --> 00:24:48,080 Speaker 1: bit from an illness. But regardless, I like answering your questions, 387 00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:50,240 Speaker 1: so I hope I hope you like me answering them 388 00:24:50,280 --> 00:24:54,320 Speaker 1: as well. Um and Hey thanks to the Space Costics 389 00:24:54,359 --> 00:24:57,639 Speaker 1: for their super awesome song. Ex Alumina. Creature features a 390 00:24:57,640 --> 00:25:00,800 Speaker 1: production of I Heart Radio. For more pot cats like 391 00:25:00,920 --> 00:25:03,320 Speaker 1: the one you just heard, visit the I Heart Radio app, 392 00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:06,000 Speaker 1: Apple podcast or Hey guess what wherever you visit your 393 00:25:06,000 --> 00:25:08,560 Speaker 1: favorite shows. You want visit your favorite shows, I guess 394 00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:10,720 Speaker 1: you listen to them. I don't know if you visit 395 00:25:11,600 --> 00:25:13,960 Speaker 1: your favorite you know what I actually do like that, 396 00:25:14,160 --> 00:25:17,679 Speaker 1: visit your favorite shows. Knock on your show's door. I 397 00:25:17,720 --> 00:25:20,600 Speaker 1: guess maybe your ears the door in this situation, and 398 00:25:20,640 --> 00:25:23,960 Speaker 1: I'm knocking on that door anyways. Whatever, I'm still a 399 00:25:23,960 --> 00:25:28,680 Speaker 1: little delirious for being apparently all right. Keep it easy, 400 00:25:28,880 --> 00:25:30,800 Speaker 1: take it easy. What the heck is wrong with me? 401 00:25:30,960 --> 00:25:34,240 Speaker 1: Take it easy? Guys, See you next Wednesday.