1
00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:06,680
Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind from how Stuff

2
00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:14,800
Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. Uh.

3
00:00:14,840 --> 00:00:17,880
Speaker 1: This is Robert Lamb and I'm Julie Douglas and we

4
00:00:17,880 --> 00:00:22,200
Speaker 1: were just talking about food prior to Jerry rushing us

5
00:00:22,200 --> 00:00:25,920
Speaker 1: in here to actually record the podcast, about about how

6
00:00:26,160 --> 00:00:29,360
Speaker 1: satisfying a meal can be to the to the soul,

7
00:00:30,160 --> 00:00:33,240
Speaker 1: but it can also have a huge effect on the mind,

8
00:00:33,400 --> 00:00:36,159
Speaker 1: as we're going to get into in this particular podcast.

9
00:00:36,440 --> 00:00:40,440
Speaker 1: That's right, and what I'm thinking about specifically, are butterflies

10
00:00:40,479 --> 00:00:42,880
Speaker 1: in the stomach. Have you ever felt that? I'm sure

11
00:00:42,880 --> 00:00:47,159
Speaker 1: you have. Yeah, and yeah, definitely definitely, not so much recently,

12
00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:51,320
Speaker 1: but certainly the earlier podcast I would always get get

13
00:00:51,360 --> 00:00:54,319
Speaker 1: butterflies the old days, like a year ago. Yeah, yeah,

14
00:00:54,400 --> 00:00:56,680
Speaker 1: And I think that when I first started, I actually

15
00:00:57,080 --> 00:00:59,160
Speaker 1: mentioned to you once that my sphincter was talking to

16
00:00:59,200 --> 00:01:01,840
Speaker 1: me and had a horrified look on your face, and

17
00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:04,000
Speaker 1: I wanted to explain to you that I was having

18
00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:07,959
Speaker 1: an emotional response manifested in my vowels, but I didn't

19
00:01:07,959 --> 00:01:10,200
Speaker 1: know you well enough then we I either blocked that

20
00:01:10,400 --> 00:01:14,160
Speaker 1: comment entirely or um or didn't hear you. So yeah,

21
00:01:14,400 --> 00:01:17,040
Speaker 1: I think you blocked it. Yeah, yeah, But I think

22
00:01:17,080 --> 00:01:20,440
Speaker 1: the reason why we're talking about this today is that

23
00:01:21,040 --> 00:01:25,720
Speaker 1: there really is quite u a symbiotic thing going on

24
00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:28,280
Speaker 1: between the brain and the gut that we're just now

25
00:01:28,440 --> 00:01:30,880
Speaker 1: really discovering. Yeah, and when you do, when you have

26
00:01:30,920 --> 00:01:33,160
Speaker 1: a satisfying meal, like the effects that can have on

27
00:01:33,160 --> 00:01:35,080
Speaker 1: on the mind or or even if it's not satisfying,

28
00:01:35,160 --> 00:01:37,560
Speaker 1: just like an nutritious meal, and it's the effects on

29
00:01:37,600 --> 00:01:40,520
Speaker 1: the brain. We're gonna discuss some of that in this

30
00:01:40,560 --> 00:01:44,959
Speaker 1: particular podcast. Now. The idea of feeling something in your gut,

31
00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:47,000
Speaker 1: I mean, this is just a common phrase. I've got

32
00:01:47,080 --> 00:01:50,240
Speaker 1: a got a gut feeling about this instinct, yeah, and

33
00:01:50,240 --> 00:01:53,320
Speaker 1: and it goes back. It's it's it's a pretty old thing,

34
00:01:53,440 --> 00:01:55,640
Speaker 1: an old concept, and it's easy to think of it

35
00:01:55,680 --> 00:01:57,960
Speaker 1: into in the same same terms as like when someone

36
00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:00,960
Speaker 1: says they have a feeling in their heart, because unless

37
00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:04,600
Speaker 1: you're having like a heart attack, you know, there's a

38
00:02:04,840 --> 00:02:07,440
Speaker 1: you're probably not really feeling anything like when you love somebody.

39
00:02:07,720 --> 00:02:09,520
Speaker 1: It's that really doesn't have anything to do with your

40
00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:13,480
Speaker 1: cardiovascular system, right, and yet you feel this in heartache

41
00:02:13,480 --> 00:02:16,519
Speaker 1: to an unrequited love, right, Yes, I have a great

42
00:02:16,760 --> 00:02:21,200
Speaker 1: quote here. That's a from a speech to the English

43
00:02:21,200 --> 00:02:25,360
Speaker 1: troops um to rally them against the Spanish Armada by

44
00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:28,840
Speaker 1: Queen Elizabeth the First, and she's reported to have said, quote,

45
00:02:29,040 --> 00:02:30,680
Speaker 1: I know I have the body of a weak and

46
00:02:30,720 --> 00:02:33,720
Speaker 1: feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of

47
00:02:33,760 --> 00:02:37,839
Speaker 1: a king, and a king of England too. So well

48
00:02:37,960 --> 00:02:40,520
Speaker 1: see there's a great you know example. She's like, she's like,

49
00:02:40,639 --> 00:02:42,840
Speaker 1: you know, I maybe be a lady, but I've got

50
00:02:42,880 --> 00:02:44,960
Speaker 1: one heck of a heart and one heck of a stomach.

51
00:02:45,240 --> 00:02:49,160
Speaker 1: She was invoking gut power. And there was a right

52
00:02:49,200 --> 00:02:52,040
Speaker 1: across another like really interesting thing from a Dutchman by

53
00:02:52,040 --> 00:02:57,160
Speaker 1: the name of Levinus Limnius Um and L yeah, l

54
00:02:57,360 --> 00:03:00,080
Speaker 1: l and uh in this is back in the He

55
00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:03,200
Speaker 1: had this whole thing where he's talking about how about

56
00:03:03,200 --> 00:03:06,680
Speaker 1: the stomachs of the English and the Scots, and uh

57
00:03:06,840 --> 00:03:09,639
Speaker 1: he had this whole bit about how though they will

58
00:03:09,720 --> 00:03:13,040
Speaker 1: quote stomach a matter of eminently and a long time

59
00:03:13,160 --> 00:03:16,440
Speaker 1: lodge an inward grudge in their hearts, whereby it happeneth

60
00:03:16,600 --> 00:03:19,120
Speaker 1: that when their rage is up, they will not easily

61
00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:22,760
Speaker 1: be pacified. Neither can They're high and haughty stomachs is

62
00:03:23,320 --> 00:03:28,000
Speaker 1: or stomach is. It's weird spelling. Lightly be conquered otherwise

63
00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:32,640
Speaker 1: than by submission and yielding to their mind and appetite.

64
00:03:32,320 --> 00:03:34,480
Speaker 1: So there's just more of you, you know, it's getting

65
00:03:34,480 --> 00:03:36,760
Speaker 1: the stomach and the heart. You know, these these older

66
00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:39,840
Speaker 1: accounts and uh, and people were identifying like that is

67
00:03:39,880 --> 00:03:42,000
Speaker 1: a it's a seat of who you are, Like if

68
00:03:42,040 --> 00:03:44,000
Speaker 1: you want to you want to get to the if

69
00:03:44,040 --> 00:03:45,520
Speaker 1: you want to get to the you know the quote

70
00:03:45,520 --> 00:03:48,280
Speaker 1: heart of the matter on on. You know what makes

71
00:03:48,280 --> 00:03:51,760
Speaker 1: an Englishman or a Scotsman look at their stomach? Great

72
00:03:52,200 --> 00:03:57,480
Speaker 1: stomach specimens these guys hence yes, yes, they're like you

73
00:03:57,520 --> 00:03:59,880
Speaker 1: want to here it is it's actually it's not a

74
00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:05,680
Speaker 1: pleae Scott's stomach. But anyway, but I think what I

75
00:04:05,680 --> 00:04:08,440
Speaker 1: think they were onto something there. Yeah, yeah, I think

76
00:04:08,480 --> 00:04:10,240
Speaker 1: we in recent ages we we kind of got more

77
00:04:10,280 --> 00:04:12,440
Speaker 1: into that brain. You know, it's all about the brain

78
00:04:12,520 --> 00:04:15,600
Speaker 1: and then you know everything else is just you know, plumbing.

79
00:04:15,920 --> 00:04:18,039
Speaker 1: You know, yeah, it's just the generator to power it.

80
00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:23,600
Speaker 1: But it's not the case, um I really at all. No. No.

81
00:04:23,760 --> 00:04:27,839
Speaker 1: In fact, it was a Dr Michael Gershon who coined

82
00:04:27,880 --> 00:04:30,800
Speaker 1: the term the second brain when referring to the gut

83
00:04:31,320 --> 00:04:36,000
Speaker 1: because he actually brought in in into um into everybody's

84
00:04:36,400 --> 00:04:39,279
Speaker 1: uh conscious the fact that the gut is doing so

85
00:04:39,360 --> 00:04:43,240
Speaker 1: much more and has a lot more complexity to us

86
00:04:43,400 --> 00:04:46,640
Speaker 1: than we ever realized. And I mean, like you said,

87
00:04:46,839 --> 00:04:50,680
Speaker 1: people had an instinct maybe that their gut was pretty important.

88
00:04:51,200 --> 00:04:56,200
Speaker 1: And in fact, in the eighteen hundreds, scientists and doctors

89
00:04:56,200 --> 00:05:00,160
Speaker 1: began to make observations about the effects of the emotions

90
00:05:00,160 --> 00:05:03,000
Speaker 1: on the brain. And in nineteen o two they actually

91
00:05:03,040 --> 00:05:05,560
Speaker 1: did a study where they had a dog growl at

92
00:05:05,560 --> 00:05:09,480
Speaker 1: a cat and then they watched and noticed, uh I

93
00:05:09,520 --> 00:05:13,920
Speaker 1: think they used barium, and they noticed that the digestion

94
00:05:13,960 --> 00:05:17,440
Speaker 1: started to slow down as the cat was growled at

95
00:05:17,480 --> 00:05:19,600
Speaker 1: by the dog. And again, this is like a trackable

96
00:05:19,640 --> 00:05:22,640
Speaker 1: substance in the digestive system, so they can see at

97
00:05:23,279 --> 00:05:27,000
Speaker 1: what rate the cat's digestion system is moving right exactly,

98
00:05:27,040 --> 00:05:29,760
Speaker 1: so they could see this happening, and they went, ah, eureka,

99
00:05:30,080 --> 00:05:32,680
Speaker 1: the cats stressed and it's not it's not going to

100
00:05:32,760 --> 00:05:36,279
Speaker 1: poop us soon exactly, yeah, exactly, which is which seems

101
00:05:36,320 --> 00:05:38,360
Speaker 1: crazy that these scientists we even have to carry this out,

102
00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:41,000
Speaker 1: because I mean, had they never been on a vacation

103
00:05:41,080 --> 00:05:43,919
Speaker 1: before had they you know, they never I mean it

104
00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:46,479
Speaker 1: seems like I think everybody out there can probably attest

105
00:05:46,480 --> 00:05:48,840
Speaker 1: to there being some situation in their life where they

106
00:05:48,839 --> 00:05:50,839
Speaker 1: were out of there, you know, out of their their

107
00:05:50,880 --> 00:05:54,480
Speaker 1: comfy surroundings, and in their digestion changed in some way,

108
00:05:54,520 --> 00:05:57,240
Speaker 1: shape or form. Like I've talked to two friends who

109
00:05:57,240 --> 00:05:59,280
Speaker 1: like went on vacations and they're like, They're like, yeah,

110
00:05:59,320 --> 00:06:01,720
Speaker 1: I was on my second day there and I still

111
00:06:01,760 --> 00:06:03,479
Speaker 1: hadn't pooped. I don't know what was wrong with me,

112
00:06:03,839 --> 00:06:06,920
Speaker 1: you know, And it's just your again, your your digestion

113
00:06:07,040 --> 00:06:10,360
Speaker 1: system is altering to what may be a new rhythm,

114
00:06:10,440 --> 00:06:13,080
Speaker 1: a new uh um, you know, a new level of

115
00:06:13,080 --> 00:06:16,320
Speaker 1: stress coming at you right right, Yeah. And then emotionally too,

116
00:06:16,360 --> 00:06:18,000
Speaker 1: I mean, things happen and then all of a sudden,

117
00:06:18,040 --> 00:06:20,560
Speaker 1: you know, your stomach starts to turn and twist and think,

118
00:06:20,600 --> 00:06:26,239
Speaker 1: oh my gosh. But the thing that scientists, specifically neuro

119
00:06:26,240 --> 00:06:29,599
Speaker 1: gaster intrologists, are starting to figure out is that it's

120
00:06:29,680 --> 00:06:33,119
Speaker 1: not so much that your emotions are acting on your brain.

121
00:06:33,279 --> 00:06:35,719
Speaker 1: It may actually be that your gut, your second brain,

122
00:06:36,440 --> 00:06:40,599
Speaker 1: is responsible for initiating these responses in the first place. Yeah,

123
00:06:40,680 --> 00:06:43,720
Speaker 1: and in some of the ways that, uh, that this

124
00:06:43,800 --> 00:06:46,320
Speaker 1: is happening. It it makes me think of the stomach

125
00:06:46,920 --> 00:06:48,680
Speaker 1: not so much as a second brain, but kind of

126
00:06:48,720 --> 00:06:52,480
Speaker 1: like a satellite office, yes, for the you know, for

127
00:06:52,520 --> 00:06:55,600
Speaker 1: the brain, the brain being the home office. Um, like

128
00:06:55,680 --> 00:06:59,120
Speaker 1: just some of the neural circuitry. I guess you could

129
00:06:59,120 --> 00:07:01,840
Speaker 1: say that it's while death in the stomach is pretty neat. Yeah,

130
00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:04,440
Speaker 1: And it's a really good design if you think about it,

131
00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:07,920
Speaker 1: that that neural circuitry is right next to the digestive system, right,

132
00:07:07,960 --> 00:07:10,600
Speaker 1: because why would the brain expend the energy to send

133
00:07:10,640 --> 00:07:13,520
Speaker 1: a hundred million neurons you know, down to do the

134
00:07:13,640 --> 00:07:16,280
Speaker 1: job when it could just put it right there in

135
00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:19,880
Speaker 1: that what we call the entric nervous system, which is

136
00:07:19,880 --> 00:07:23,480
Speaker 1: embedded in the lining of the gastro intestinal system. So

137
00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:25,760
Speaker 1: it's really smart, sort of like putting the electrical panel

138
00:07:25,840 --> 00:07:30,360
Speaker 1: right where it's needed. And this this system is actually

139
00:07:30,800 --> 00:07:34,880
Speaker 1: independent in that it can start digestion processes independent of

140
00:07:34,920 --> 00:07:38,200
Speaker 1: the brain. It can get a lot of things going. Um.

141
00:07:38,200 --> 00:07:40,920
Speaker 1: As I mentioned, there are a hundred million neurons, which

142
00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:44,640
Speaker 1: is more than the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system.

143
00:07:44,680 --> 00:07:47,720
Speaker 1: There are five hundred million nerve cells and it uses

144
00:07:48,440 --> 00:07:53,440
Speaker 1: thirty transmitters neurotransmitters, just like the brain does. Like back

145
00:07:53,480 --> 00:07:55,240
Speaker 1: in the day, this was thought to be nuts, this

146
00:07:55,320 --> 00:07:59,200
Speaker 1: whole entric nervous system, and in fact it was first

147
00:07:59,240 --> 00:08:03,400
Speaker 1: described by a British physician, but he was pretty much

148
00:08:03,400 --> 00:08:05,920
Speaker 1: smacked down because people thought, no, no, it's all the brain.

149
00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:09,760
Speaker 1: The brain is doing it, um, and so they're actually

150
00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:12,720
Speaker 1: Gershawan pointed out that that making that sort of claim

151
00:08:12,760 --> 00:08:15,040
Speaker 1: that there was this entering system was like saying that

152
00:08:15,160 --> 00:08:18,160
Speaker 1: New York taxi drivers never miss a showing of Tasca

153
00:08:18,240 --> 00:08:22,160
Speaker 1: at the met Yeah. So, I mean obviously they didn't

154
00:08:22,400 --> 00:08:24,680
Speaker 1: know how important the gut is and how much it

155
00:08:24,760 --> 00:08:31,920
Speaker 1: regulates our thoughts are feelings. And that's right, that's Tusca

156
00:08:31,960 --> 00:08:35,720
Speaker 1: is an opera. I was about to sing an operatic note.

157
00:08:35,720 --> 00:08:39,480
Speaker 1: That's a let's not do that. Let's not talk about

158
00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:43,240
Speaker 1: poop and sing opera. It's just not gonna. That's not

159
00:08:43,280 --> 00:08:46,440
Speaker 1: a good pairing. Um. But so anyway, that goes back

160
00:08:46,480 --> 00:08:49,200
Speaker 1: to that sensation of feeling. You do feel things in

161
00:08:49,240 --> 00:08:52,880
Speaker 1: your gut because you do have all of that stuff

162
00:08:52,920 --> 00:08:57,719
Speaker 1: going on. And this is another crazy fact that of

163
00:08:57,760 --> 00:09:00,520
Speaker 1: the fibers and the primary visceral nerve just called the

164
00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:03,280
Speaker 1: bad just carrious information from the gut to the brain,

165
00:09:03,320 --> 00:09:06,160
Speaker 1: and that means that communication is mostly one way. This

166
00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:11,320
Speaker 1: is a one way situation with the gut communicating the

167
00:09:11,320 --> 00:09:13,160
Speaker 1: time to the brain. I mean that was a chatty,

168
00:09:13,240 --> 00:09:16,640
Speaker 1: chatty gut. Yeah. You made a great analogy earlier about

169
00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:20,959
Speaker 1: about the teenagers in love. Yeah, yeah, sort of like yeah,

170
00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:22,960
Speaker 1: teenagers in love, you know, getting on the phone all

171
00:09:22,960 --> 00:09:24,120
Speaker 1: the time. You're like, what are you doing? What do

172
00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:25,920
Speaker 1: you do? Know? What are you doing? What does this mean?

173
00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:28,280
Speaker 1: What does that mean? I mean, literally, the gut is

174
00:09:28,320 --> 00:09:31,080
Speaker 1: doing the same sort of thing and constantly giving the

175
00:09:31,120 --> 00:09:33,880
Speaker 1: brain all of this information about what's going on in

176
00:09:33,920 --> 00:09:37,120
Speaker 1: the gut. Yeah, satellite office constantly checking with the home

177
00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:38,559
Speaker 1: office and saying, hey, we just did this, Hey we

178
00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:40,800
Speaker 1: just did that. Yeah, yeah, I'm feeling this way. I

179
00:09:40,840 --> 00:09:42,559
Speaker 1: don't know, I'm a little bit anxious. What about you?

180
00:09:42,960 --> 00:09:46,280
Speaker 1: And so the brain is actually getting these these messages

181
00:09:46,360 --> 00:09:50,199
Speaker 1: of anxiety, and it's backwards from what we thought before. Right,

182
00:09:50,200 --> 00:09:53,280
Speaker 1: we thought the braining was sending the gut messages saying hey,

183
00:09:53,400 --> 00:09:56,000
Speaker 1: I'm not feeling so great. As a sci fi fan,

184
00:09:56,080 --> 00:09:57,920
Speaker 1: I can't help but think of the just the many

185
00:09:57,960 --> 00:10:00,640
Speaker 1: examples of you know, these like head head in and

186
00:10:00,760 --> 00:10:04,160
Speaker 1: jar kind of situations or like head transplants, you know,

187
00:10:04,200 --> 00:10:05,960
Speaker 1: where it's like the the human head or even just

188
00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:08,560
Speaker 1: the brain you know, as the seat of who we

189
00:10:08,600 --> 00:10:11,280
Speaker 1: are taken and like say attached to a robot body

190
00:10:11,360 --> 00:10:14,720
Speaker 1: or put in another body, etcetera. And I And granted

191
00:10:14,720 --> 00:10:17,360
Speaker 1: there's some sort of there's some grotesque aspects of that

192
00:10:17,360 --> 00:10:19,599
Speaker 1: that are you know, could be troubling, but in a

193
00:10:19,679 --> 00:10:23,000
Speaker 1: in a way, it's also a very kind of enlightened,

194
00:10:23,160 --> 00:10:25,880
Speaker 1: kind of enlightening kind of view where it's like, I'm

195
00:10:25,880 --> 00:10:28,400
Speaker 1: my brain and everything that I am really doesn't have

196
00:10:28,400 --> 00:10:30,480
Speaker 1: anything to do with all this gross stuff going on

197
00:10:31,160 --> 00:10:34,440
Speaker 1: in my in my stomach and elsewhere, you know, So

198
00:10:34,480 --> 00:10:38,360
Speaker 1: it's kind of this like liberation from from all things

199
00:10:38,360 --> 00:10:41,960
Speaker 1: related to a digestion and poop and all that. But

200
00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:44,640
Speaker 1: in reality, you have to look at it from more

201
00:10:44,679 --> 00:10:48,360
Speaker 1: of a holistic standpoint where you know, we're, yeah, we

202
00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:50,360
Speaker 1: we are in a sense, we are just our brains.

203
00:10:50,440 --> 00:10:52,160
Speaker 1: But I thought you're gonna say we are are poop.

204
00:10:52,320 --> 00:10:54,720
Speaker 1: No no, no, no, no no, but no, it's like

205
00:10:54,760 --> 00:10:57,200
Speaker 1: we are our brains, but we are we are, but

206
00:10:57,240 --> 00:10:59,679
Speaker 1: the brains connected everything else. It's like we are this system,

207
00:10:59,720 --> 00:11:03,440
Speaker 1: We're are this this, uh this organism and uh and

208
00:11:03,480 --> 00:11:05,600
Speaker 1: if you start trying to cut one system from the

209
00:11:05,640 --> 00:11:08,480
Speaker 1: next and trying to isolate who and what we are

210
00:11:08,559 --> 00:11:11,360
Speaker 1: to one particular part of that organism, it gets kind

211
00:11:11,360 --> 00:11:13,920
Speaker 1: of problem It gets rather problematic. Yeah, yeah, I know,

212
00:11:13,960 --> 00:11:15,480
Speaker 1: I think we need to step away from the brain

213
00:11:15,520 --> 00:11:18,040
Speaker 1: centric and look at this a gut in a more

214
00:11:18,120 --> 00:11:22,320
Speaker 1: serious light. Um, especially the interplay between the gut and

215
00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:26,880
Speaker 1: the brain and specifically serotonin. Yes, this is a big one.

216
00:11:27,520 --> 00:11:31,880
Speaker 1: This is the the what is known as the mood neurotransmitter,

217
00:11:32,600 --> 00:11:37,199
Speaker 1: and it's responsible, um when not insufficient quantity for actually

218
00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:41,400
Speaker 1: they think causing depression. So so yeah, if you've ever

219
00:11:41,480 --> 00:11:45,440
Speaker 1: dealt with depression or just or have ever walked into

220
00:11:45,440 --> 00:11:49,199
Speaker 1: a health store and then you've probably seen serotonin sited

221
00:11:49,280 --> 00:11:55,559
Speaker 1: on numerous bottles of either prescription medicine or um mysterious

222
00:11:55,800 --> 00:11:59,120
Speaker 1: vitamin pills. Right, and so just so you can kind

223
00:11:59,120 --> 00:12:01,959
Speaker 1: of get a better contact too of how important serotonin is.

224
00:12:02,600 --> 00:12:06,239
Speaker 1: Of our forty million brain cells, most are affected by serotonin.

225
00:12:06,320 --> 00:12:08,600
Speaker 1: So this includes the brain cells as we said, related

226
00:12:08,640 --> 00:12:12,960
Speaker 1: to mood, but also sexual desire and function, appetite, sleep,

227
00:12:13,160 --> 00:12:18,440
Speaker 1: memory and learning, uh, temper temperature regulation, and some sort

228
00:12:18,440 --> 00:12:20,560
Speaker 1: of social behaviors such as you know sometimes when we

229
00:12:20,600 --> 00:12:24,160
Speaker 1: get manic or aggressive, that's attributed to low serotonin levels.

230
00:12:24,679 --> 00:12:27,280
Speaker 1: So the crazy thing about this is that your gut

231
00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:33,760
Speaker 1: in mine houses of our serotonin available to us, which

232
00:12:33,800 --> 00:12:37,160
Speaker 1: is nuts if you think about it. Yeah, and then

233
00:12:37,200 --> 00:12:41,240
Speaker 1: you also look at serotonin and depression, and you look

234
00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:45,360
Speaker 1: at antidepressants, and we know that with antidepressants also called

235
00:12:45,480 --> 00:12:50,359
Speaker 1: ssr I selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, that those increase serotonin

236
00:12:50,440 --> 00:12:53,840
Speaker 1: levels in the brain in the improved mood. Okay, okay,

237
00:12:54,280 --> 00:12:58,520
Speaker 1: So we can't actually measure how much serotonin is in

238
00:12:58,559 --> 00:13:00,360
Speaker 1: the brain, but we do know that if we give

239
00:13:00,400 --> 00:13:04,000
Speaker 1: someone a bunch of depressants that it helps to increase

240
00:13:04,040 --> 00:13:05,840
Speaker 1: the serotone and it makes us feel a lot better.

241
00:13:06,160 --> 00:13:08,600
Speaker 1: So it searched to beg the question of what's going

242
00:13:08,679 --> 00:13:11,600
Speaker 1: on in the gut and whether or not there are

243
00:13:11,600 --> 00:13:16,800
Speaker 1: imbalances in the gut there which are causing disorders depression,

244
00:13:17,600 --> 00:13:26,880
Speaker 1: um even related to Parkinson's for instance. This presentation is

245
00:13:26,920 --> 00:13:36,200
Speaker 1: brought to you by Intel sponsors of tomorrow now mentioned disorders. Um,

246
00:13:36,960 --> 00:13:39,880
Speaker 1: it's I think it's important to then touch on disorders

247
00:13:39,920 --> 00:13:42,800
Speaker 1: that we've long attributed to is more of a gut

248
00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:48,000
Speaker 1: centric thing, such as IBS. Right, irritable bowel syndrome. Uh

249
00:13:48,040 --> 00:13:51,160
Speaker 1: and in in in, I don't know, can you do?

250
00:13:51,240 --> 00:13:54,560
Speaker 1: Can you describe what your bow syndrome is? It's basically

251
00:13:54,600 --> 00:13:57,560
Speaker 1: brought on by anxiety and depression because this is what

252
00:13:57,600 --> 00:14:01,240
Speaker 1: we thought about are typically in the past, and this

253
00:14:01,360 --> 00:14:06,800
Speaker 1: manifests itself with diarrhea, cramping, and it's I mean, it's awful, right,

254
00:14:06,840 --> 00:14:09,959
Speaker 1: it's it's debilitating. It's not just so you know, I've

255
00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:13,120
Speaker 1: got a stomach ache. It can be really horrible for people.

256
00:14:13,760 --> 00:14:15,960
Speaker 1: And it's like a day by day thing. It's not like,

257
00:14:16,280 --> 00:14:20,080
Speaker 1: you know, it's chronic ate something weird. No, yeah, yeah,

258
00:14:20,160 --> 00:14:23,680
Speaker 1: And it affects of the American population, which is crazy.

259
00:14:23,800 --> 00:14:26,760
Speaker 1: So the previous answer was, oh, you have IBS, Well,

260
00:14:27,160 --> 00:14:30,680
Speaker 1: you know, it's it's all psychosomatic. You need to cheer. Basically,

261
00:14:30,960 --> 00:14:33,000
Speaker 1: you need to get your get your mind together and

262
00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:37,920
Speaker 1: then your bowel will follow. That's a song, right, yeah,

263
00:14:39,160 --> 00:14:41,880
Speaker 1: for your mind. Uh. But but what they're starting to

264
00:14:41,960 --> 00:14:45,760
Speaker 1: figure out is that people with IBS don't have enough

265
00:14:45,880 --> 00:14:51,640
Speaker 1: sert in. SERT is basically a serotonin transmitter, which, um

266
00:14:51,800 --> 00:14:55,480
Speaker 1: whisks serotonin out of your digestive lining. And so let

267
00:14:55,520 --> 00:14:58,480
Speaker 1: me back up a little bit. Serotonin one of its

268
00:14:58,560 --> 00:15:01,200
Speaker 1: jobs is to leak it off into your gut and

269
00:15:01,280 --> 00:15:06,640
Speaker 1: basically start the digested digestion process, right, So it basically signals, hey,

270
00:15:06,680 --> 00:15:08,920
Speaker 1: that we need to go ahead and start breaking this down.

271
00:15:09,680 --> 00:15:13,120
Speaker 1: But if you've got IBS, you you've got the serotonin

272
00:15:13,160 --> 00:15:15,240
Speaker 1: floating around in your gut and you don't have enough

273
00:15:15,240 --> 00:15:17,480
Speaker 1: of that set to take it all away. So what

274
00:15:17,600 --> 00:15:21,080
Speaker 1: happens is that you just you've got horrible things going

275
00:15:21,120 --> 00:15:23,760
Speaker 1: on your digestic system that you cannot stop. So it's

276
00:15:23,760 --> 00:15:28,200
Speaker 1: an imbalance in your gut. It's not necessarily brought on

277
00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:33,400
Speaker 1: by anxiety or depression. Those are actually the secondary results

278
00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:36,280
Speaker 1: of that now there. But there's also the argument right

279
00:15:36,320 --> 00:15:39,480
Speaker 1: that that, I mean, the whole idea of not being

280
00:15:39,480 --> 00:15:41,880
Speaker 1: able to leave your toilet for an extended period of

281
00:15:41,920 --> 00:15:46,080
Speaker 1: time is pretty depressing. So um, yeah, I guess there's

282
00:15:46,080 --> 00:15:49,040
Speaker 1: that chicken egg question, right, Yes, Like maybe maybe I'm

283
00:15:49,240 --> 00:15:51,280
Speaker 1: a mind am I you know, do I have irritable

284
00:15:51,320 --> 00:15:53,440
Speaker 1: bowsing room because I'm depressed or am I depressed because

285
00:15:53,440 --> 00:15:55,760
Speaker 1: I have irritable bow syndrome? Who's running this show? The

286
00:15:55,800 --> 00:15:58,800
Speaker 1: brain or the gut? Right? Right? And can I ever

287
00:15:58,880 --> 00:16:01,560
Speaker 1: leave this toilet anytime soon? Yeah? I can see how

288
00:16:01,560 --> 00:16:04,200
Speaker 1: that would be depressing. But I think it's a really

289
00:16:04,480 --> 00:16:08,200
Speaker 1: interesting piece of research that's emerged, and it tells us

290
00:16:08,200 --> 00:16:11,240
Speaker 1: a lot more about how our mood is actually being

291
00:16:11,280 --> 00:16:16,360
Speaker 1: regulated by our gut. And some some scientists are even saying, well,

292
00:16:16,400 --> 00:16:21,080
Speaker 1: maybe it's not especially with ibs and mental disorders, maybe

293
00:16:21,080 --> 00:16:25,360
Speaker 1: it's not so much that the person is, you know,

294
00:16:26,240 --> 00:16:29,040
Speaker 1: having these problems because they are anxious or they're depressed,

295
00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:32,600
Speaker 1: but maybe some mental illness of the gut itself. Because

296
00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:35,000
Speaker 1: you can't blame someone for not having enough serat to

297
00:16:35,040 --> 00:16:37,440
Speaker 1: whisk away the serotone and that just happens to be

298
00:16:38,600 --> 00:16:42,160
Speaker 1: the way that their gut is, right, that's not necessarily

299
00:16:42,640 --> 00:16:47,960
Speaker 1: um a primary factor of their disease. Now, this is

300
00:16:47,960 --> 00:16:51,480
Speaker 1: an area of study, this the inter relation between gut

301
00:16:51,520 --> 00:16:53,880
Speaker 1: and brain that that hopefully we're gonna have more and

302
00:16:53,880 --> 00:16:56,400
Speaker 1: more data on in the in the years ahead. And

303
00:16:56,720 --> 00:16:58,400
Speaker 1: uh and it and it's it's kind of if you

304
00:16:58,440 --> 00:17:00,440
Speaker 1: look at the medicine as a as a as a whole.

305
00:17:00,440 --> 00:17:03,200
Speaker 1: It's like you've seen that, you know, nutritionists playing a

306
00:17:03,840 --> 00:17:07,040
Speaker 1: more of a vital role in medicine, uh in recent years.

307
00:17:07,119 --> 00:17:09,640
Speaker 1: So so I you know, I'm tempted to see those

308
00:17:09,680 --> 00:17:12,800
Speaker 1: as as two prongs of the same movement. You know,

309
00:17:13,200 --> 00:17:15,679
Speaker 1: as we as we get to realize that that you know,

310
00:17:15,720 --> 00:17:17,000
Speaker 1: more and more that we are what we eat and

311
00:17:17,040 --> 00:17:19,600
Speaker 1: we are this full system and uh, you know it's

312
00:17:19,640 --> 00:17:21,800
Speaker 1: it's you know, our what's what our brain, the chemicals

313
00:17:21,840 --> 00:17:24,560
Speaker 1: are brain received, the chemicals are in our stomach. Deals

314
00:17:24,560 --> 00:17:28,600
Speaker 1: with that, it's all a part of of who we are. Yeah,

315
00:17:28,680 --> 00:17:31,240
Speaker 1: And I think that another interesting aspect of this is,

316
00:17:31,520 --> 00:17:35,120
Speaker 1: you know, we've talked about internal versus external, but there

317
00:17:35,240 --> 00:17:37,919
Speaker 1: is one study in which young rats were separated from

318
00:17:37,960 --> 00:17:40,800
Speaker 1: their mothers and the layer of cells that line the

319
00:17:40,880 --> 00:17:44,320
Speaker 1: gut weakened and that allowed bacteria from their intestines and

320
00:17:44,359 --> 00:17:47,680
Speaker 1: it stimulated a bunch of immune cells. So basically the

321
00:17:47,720 --> 00:17:52,280
Speaker 1: immune system went into full force. And so um, the

322
00:17:52,280 --> 00:17:55,280
Speaker 1: person who noted this and in the rats said it's

323
00:17:55,320 --> 00:17:58,400
Speaker 1: basically an adaptive response and that if they're born into

324
00:17:58,440 --> 00:18:02,679
Speaker 1: a stressful, hostile environment, that nature programs them to be

325
00:18:02,760 --> 00:18:06,200
Speaker 1: more vigilant and stress responsive in their future life. So

326
00:18:06,600 --> 00:18:11,159
Speaker 1: this same doctor is a neurobiologist. Doctor Mayor said that

327
00:18:11,400 --> 00:18:14,440
Speaker 1: sev of the patients that he treats for chronic gut

328
00:18:14,440 --> 00:18:18,280
Speaker 1: disorders had experienced early childhood traumas like a parents divorce

329
00:18:18,359 --> 00:18:21,920
Speaker 1: or chronic illnesses or parents death. So there is still

330
00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:26,960
Speaker 1: this relationship to how we are biologically responding to our

331
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:31,600
Speaker 1: external stimuli in a sense, um, I'll raise your rats

332
00:18:31,640 --> 00:18:35,199
Speaker 1: with mice because I ran across an interesting study from

333
00:18:35,280 --> 00:18:38,600
Speaker 1: Yale Medical School where there's a there's this a substance

334
00:18:38,640 --> 00:18:42,040
Speaker 1: called guarillin, and this is released by the stomach when

335
00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:45,480
Speaker 1: it's empty and triggers hunger by by binding to the

336
00:18:45,560 --> 00:18:47,840
Speaker 1: hippothalamus and that's a part of the brain that controls

337
00:18:47,880 --> 00:18:51,560
Speaker 1: appetite and metabolism. However, the hormone is also known to

338
00:18:51,600 --> 00:18:54,359
Speaker 1: interact with the hippocampus, which is the seat of learning

339
00:18:54,359 --> 00:18:58,600
Speaker 1: and memory. So they injected mice with with with a

340
00:18:58,600 --> 00:19:01,400
Speaker 1: little extra of this substance and found that the these

341
00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:05,639
Speaker 1: mice consistently outperformed ordinary mice in memory and learning tests,

342
00:19:06,080 --> 00:19:07,760
Speaker 1: and it was like a rate of like by like

343
00:19:07,840 --> 00:19:12,000
Speaker 1: thirty or forty. And then they also um uh sapped

344
00:19:12,119 --> 00:19:15,840
Speaker 1: some mice of of this particular substance and found that

345
00:19:15,840 --> 00:19:20,159
Speaker 1: they underperformed on test. So their argument was in this

346
00:19:20,200 --> 00:19:23,200
Speaker 1: study was that if an animal was hungry, it needs

347
00:19:23,280 --> 00:19:29,639
Speaker 1: extra brain power to find that next meal. Um so, um,

348
00:19:29,680 --> 00:19:32,359
Speaker 1: you know, cognitive brain is a you know, side effective

349
00:19:32,400 --> 00:19:34,200
Speaker 1: hunger kind of argument, which I think is is kind

350
00:19:34,200 --> 00:19:36,439
Speaker 1: of interesting and it makes me makes me think of

351
00:19:36,480 --> 00:19:39,720
Speaker 1: like fasting situations, you know, where you know, especially you know,

352
00:19:39,840 --> 00:19:43,240
Speaker 1: you look at like old biblical accounts that you know,

353
00:19:43,320 --> 00:19:45,439
Speaker 1: someone will set out in the desert too fast and

354
00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:48,639
Speaker 1: contemplate some you know, some huge problem or you know,

355
00:19:49,200 --> 00:19:53,840
Speaker 1: or theological inquiry. You know. So it's kind of it's

356
00:19:53,840 --> 00:19:57,880
Speaker 1: it's interesting. When I fasted, I mainly just um felt grumpy,

357
00:19:58,160 --> 00:20:00,800
Speaker 1: watched a lot of Buffy the Vampires air and chip

358
00:20:00,840 --> 00:20:04,119
Speaker 1: My Tooth on my coffee mug. But but in a

359
00:20:04,160 --> 00:20:06,080
Speaker 1: way I could I also there was like a weird

360
00:20:06,160 --> 00:20:08,000
Speaker 1: you know, I don't know, it's you definitely feel the

361
00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:10,119
Speaker 1: effects in your mind when when you do something like that,

362
00:20:10,160 --> 00:20:13,159
Speaker 1: which just you know, underlines again the connection between the

363
00:20:13,200 --> 00:20:15,840
Speaker 1: gut and the brain. Yeah. Yeah, and this is interesting too.

364
00:20:15,880 --> 00:20:20,600
Speaker 1: If if you don't sleep well, you actually the overproduced

365
00:20:20,640 --> 00:20:24,080
Speaker 1: grelling right in your because your body thinks that since

366
00:20:24,119 --> 00:20:26,560
Speaker 1: it didn't get enough rest, that it's in some sort

367
00:20:26,600 --> 00:20:29,240
Speaker 1: of panic mode and eats more energy and you end

368
00:20:29,280 --> 00:20:32,040
Speaker 1: up eating a lot the next day, which is again

369
00:20:32,119 --> 00:20:35,960
Speaker 1: that whole balanced thing. And yeah, you're you're probably a

370
00:20:35,960 --> 00:20:39,480
Speaker 1: little bit cranky, and uh, this is something we're going

371
00:20:39,520 --> 00:20:42,560
Speaker 1: to touch on in a future podcast more. But you know,

372
00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:45,680
Speaker 1: our gut is not just a part of us. It's

373
00:20:45,680 --> 00:20:49,920
Speaker 1: also an environment for a number of fascinating creatures. It's

374
00:20:50,080 --> 00:20:54,639
Speaker 1: not just the ones we ate trillions of bacteria that

375
00:20:54,720 --> 00:20:58,040
Speaker 1: greatly outnumber our own guts cells, which kind of makes

376
00:20:58,040 --> 00:21:01,240
Speaker 1: a question about whether or not we're just host for them. Yeah. Yeah,

377
00:21:01,359 --> 00:21:04,119
Speaker 1: if the if the contents, if the creatures in our

378
00:21:04,160 --> 00:21:06,600
Speaker 1: stomach are dictating on the stomach behaves, and the stomach

379
00:21:06,840 --> 00:21:10,280
Speaker 1: is talking to the brain, yeah, then maybe maybe these

380
00:21:10,280 --> 00:21:13,119
Speaker 1: guys are the true masterminds of all the really stupid stuff.

381
00:21:13,240 --> 00:21:14,919
Speaker 1: That's what I was thinking. It's sort of like the

382
00:21:15,000 --> 00:21:18,200
Speaker 1: matrix that we're just the host. It's not the aliens though,

383
00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:22,280
Speaker 1: that were the energy for it's just the bacteria in there.

384
00:21:22,800 --> 00:21:24,320
Speaker 1: I was really that you blew me away with this

385
00:21:24,359 --> 00:21:29,240
Speaker 1: particular fact about how the generally the Japanese in particular,

386
00:21:29,400 --> 00:21:31,880
Speaker 1: have bacteria in their guts that produce enzymes that help

387
00:21:31,920 --> 00:21:36,440
Speaker 1: digest seaweeds, and North Americans tend to lack this same

388
00:21:36,880 --> 00:21:39,240
Speaker 1: property in their system. Yeah. Yeah, so there was some

389
00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:43,240
Speaker 1: sort of exchange there between bacteria and man that found

390
00:21:43,240 --> 00:21:46,320
Speaker 1: its way into the genome for for Japanese who ate

391
00:21:46,359 --> 00:21:50,120
Speaker 1: sushi or eat sushi that we just don't have, which

392
00:21:50,160 --> 00:21:54,240
Speaker 1: is again another indication of how crazy that gut is

393
00:21:54,280 --> 00:21:58,159
Speaker 1: and what that bacteria, that wiley bacteria is doing to us. Yeah. Like,

394
00:21:58,200 --> 00:22:00,399
Speaker 1: so the next time you order seaweed salad at your

395
00:22:00,440 --> 00:22:04,200
Speaker 1: favorite Japanese restaurant, think about it is you know, I

396
00:22:04,200 --> 00:22:06,160
Speaker 1: look around that you had the restaurant and to say

397
00:22:07,080 --> 00:22:09,080
Speaker 1: that guy's gut is going to do a lot better

398
00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:13,880
Speaker 1: job than this, uh, the soul gout here. So it's say, sir,

399
00:22:14,600 --> 00:22:18,320
Speaker 1: I admire digestions or don't say that really. So, hey,

400
00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:21,919
Speaker 1: I have some listener mail here for us. We've had

401
00:22:21,960 --> 00:22:27,000
Speaker 1: a number of really cool comments about recent podcast um

402
00:22:27,040 --> 00:22:32,119
Speaker 1: both sent to us via email and also on Facebook. Uh. So,

403
00:22:32,400 --> 00:22:35,000
Speaker 1: here's one from a reader by the name of Thomas,

404
00:22:35,080 --> 00:22:38,800
Speaker 1: and Thomas is responding to our podcast on which we

405
00:22:38,920 --> 00:22:43,640
Speaker 1: probe daily in abductions. From a yeah, exactly, from a

406
00:22:43,680 --> 00:22:45,600
Speaker 1: skeptics point of view, I should add for anyone who

407
00:22:45,640 --> 00:22:49,400
Speaker 1: hasn't heard it and he had this to say, I've

408
00:22:49,400 --> 00:22:51,440
Speaker 1: never been abducted or had any experience in which I

409
00:22:51,480 --> 00:22:55,640
Speaker 1: believe I've met a little green man. But I have epilepsy. Specifically,

410
00:22:55,720 --> 00:23:00,720
Speaker 1: I have nocturnal, tonic, clonic, and complex partial suit Typically,

411
00:23:01,160 --> 00:23:04,400
Speaker 1: they are all controlled with medication, so don't fear. However,

412
00:23:05,040 --> 00:23:07,040
Speaker 1: what I want to tell you about is my experiences

413
00:23:07,200 --> 00:23:10,800
Speaker 1: with the complex partial seizures. These seizures manifest as a

414
00:23:10,840 --> 00:23:13,640
Speaker 1: sudden flashing box in the corner of my eye, accompanied

415
00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:16,000
Speaker 1: by tunnel vision. I mentioned this because I think your

416
00:23:16,040 --> 00:23:19,720
Speaker 1: observations of the brain creating scenarios out of frightening experiences

417
00:23:19,760 --> 00:23:23,080
Speaker 1: such as sleep paralysis are extremely astute and relevant to

418
00:23:23,080 --> 00:23:26,040
Speaker 1: my complex partial seizures. Whine because in addition to the

419
00:23:26,080 --> 00:23:29,280
Speaker 1: flashing box and tunnel vision, I become paranoid and my

420
00:23:29,359 --> 00:23:32,119
Speaker 1: mind creates a scenario in which I believe someone is

421
00:23:32,160 --> 00:23:34,520
Speaker 1: sneaking up on me just out of the corner of

422
00:23:34,520 --> 00:23:37,200
Speaker 1: my vision. I believe this is caused by and by

423
00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:42,240
Speaker 1: of vulnerability, as my mind creates a scenario. So that

424
00:23:42,280 --> 00:23:44,720
Speaker 1: was really interesting because in the podcast we discussed a

425
00:23:44,800 --> 00:23:48,040
Speaker 1: number of things that can go on neurologically, right that

426
00:23:48,720 --> 00:23:51,840
Speaker 1: that our brain ends up creating um a scenario for

427
00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:54,359
Speaker 1: and that scenario and a lot of times ends up

428
00:23:54,400 --> 00:23:57,480
Speaker 1: being an alien abduction encounter or an encounter with something

429
00:23:57,480 --> 00:24:00,480
Speaker 1: conspirit world or a demon or or you know, or

430
00:24:00,720 --> 00:24:05,280
Speaker 1: any or any number of of paranormal experiences. Right, and

431
00:24:05,320 --> 00:24:09,639
Speaker 1: all of those sort of experiences have different um palm marks.

432
00:24:09,720 --> 00:24:12,399
Speaker 1: Uh that's that are similar force to right, right with

433
00:24:12,760 --> 00:24:16,480
Speaker 1: the person being in the room or being spirited away. Yeah,

434
00:24:16,520 --> 00:24:18,679
Speaker 1: so um, so Thomas makes for sharing that with us,

435
00:24:18,680 --> 00:24:21,199
Speaker 1: And if anybody else has any experiences like that that

436
00:24:21,320 --> 00:24:23,919
Speaker 1: they that they either have misinterpreted as an abi an

437
00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:27,640
Speaker 1: abduction or can easily see how it could be uh

438
00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:30,399
Speaker 1: interpreted by the by the first experienced it as an

439
00:24:30,400 --> 00:24:34,480
Speaker 1: alien abduction, then do tell us because we're very interested

440
00:24:34,520 --> 00:24:37,320
Speaker 1: to hear about that. We also heard from a listener

441
00:24:37,359 --> 00:24:39,960
Speaker 1: by the amiable Elizabeth, who wanted to make a quick

442
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:45,920
Speaker 1: point regarding our podcast titled Evolutionary Hangover, and she says, quote,

443
00:24:45,920 --> 00:24:49,439
Speaker 1: I'm fascinated by vestigial phrase. I'm a grad student in

444
00:24:49,440 --> 00:24:52,600
Speaker 1: ecology and evolutionary biology. So it's really excited when I

445
00:24:52,640 --> 00:24:55,600
Speaker 1: saw the topic pop up in my iTunes. However, I

446
00:24:55,720 --> 00:24:59,800
Speaker 1: literally cringed that Robert Robert's suggestion that evolutionists somehow quote

447
00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:03,719
Speaker 1: going on unquote too fastigial traits in case in cases

448
00:25:03,720 --> 00:25:06,280
Speaker 1: where we need them for the future. Uh, that just

449
00:25:06,359 --> 00:25:09,560
Speaker 1: isn't how evolutionary. That just isn't how evolution works. There's

450
00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:13,040
Speaker 1: no way a population could experience natural selection for future conditions.

451
00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:17,159
Speaker 1: Evolution by natural selection occurs because individuals with certain um

452
00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:20,320
Speaker 1: properties tend to, on average, to lead greater numbers of

453
00:25:20,359 --> 00:25:24,960
Speaker 1: descendants than individuals with other propertis. Uh, that's an evolution

454
00:25:25,080 --> 00:25:27,920
Speaker 1: is an essentiate force. So uh, a very good point

455
00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:32,360
Speaker 1: to make. I did to quote a creative writing professor

456
00:25:32,400 --> 00:25:35,960
Speaker 1: of mine by the name of Alan Alan Wire. I

457
00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:38,280
Speaker 1: did personify like a mad god a little bit in

458
00:25:38,359 --> 00:25:42,200
Speaker 1: that podcast in order to to try and break it down.

459
00:25:42,640 --> 00:25:44,399
Speaker 1: But it is yet, it is very important to realize

460
00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:48,080
Speaker 1: that evolution does not does not really think about anything.

461
00:25:48,119 --> 00:25:52,960
Speaker 1: It is not a independent entity. So so yes, keep

462
00:25:52,960 --> 00:25:55,720
Speaker 1: that in mind as you as you listen to some

463
00:25:55,720 --> 00:25:58,919
Speaker 1: of these analogies. But but definitely Elizabeth, thank you for

464
00:25:58,920 --> 00:26:01,760
Speaker 1: breaking that down force. She also sent us a couple

465
00:26:01,800 --> 00:26:05,679
Speaker 1: of US studies relating um the human volmar and nasal

466
00:26:05,800 --> 00:26:09,520
Speaker 1: organ and specifically, she pointed to a study in which

467
00:26:09,720 --> 00:26:13,840
Speaker 1: they found that smelly t shirts could conceivably turn a

468
00:26:13,880 --> 00:26:16,040
Speaker 1: member of the opposite sex on because it's the whole

469
00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:19,440
Speaker 1: pheromones and yeah, and and they would be sniffing out

470
00:26:19,480 --> 00:26:22,399
Speaker 1: someone who had a greater comparcity in their yeah, DNA

471
00:26:22,520 --> 00:26:25,199
Speaker 1: or something. So that's uh far from subtle science the

472
00:26:25,240 --> 00:26:29,399
Speaker 1: whole issue of human pheromones. But anyway, Elizabeth, thanks for

473
00:26:29,680 --> 00:26:33,040
Speaker 1: pointing out. We're always happy to hear feedback and uh

474
00:26:33,280 --> 00:26:35,959
Speaker 1: clarifications from folks in the know, and we're lefty enough

475
00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:37,520
Speaker 1: to have a number of visits as a number of

476
00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:41,159
Speaker 1: listeners who fall into that category. We also received us

477
00:26:41,160 --> 00:26:44,960
Speaker 1: an email back about our podcast about music in the Brain,

478
00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:51,040
Speaker 1: specifically about earworms. I had asked the question of there

479
00:26:51,080 --> 00:26:54,120
Speaker 1: are other people out there who only have musical ear

480
00:26:54,119 --> 00:26:57,800
Speaker 1: worms without lyrics, because I've I've often found that I

481
00:26:58,240 --> 00:27:00,439
Speaker 1: don't really run into people who experience it's that, but

482
00:27:00,480 --> 00:27:02,239
Speaker 1: I only get like tunes caught in my head, not

483
00:27:02,280 --> 00:27:05,320
Speaker 1: the lyrics for the most part. And heard back from

484
00:27:05,880 --> 00:27:08,280
Speaker 1: a listener of the name of Emily, and she says, hello,

485
00:27:08,320 --> 00:27:10,520
Speaker 1: I was just writing I wanted to reassure Robert that, no,

486
00:27:10,680 --> 00:27:13,240
Speaker 1: you're not the only one that gets lyricalist music stuck

487
00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:16,000
Speaker 1: in his head. This happens to me quite frequently, especially

488
00:27:16,000 --> 00:27:18,159
Speaker 1: when it comes to musical acts such as Plaid and

489
00:27:18,240 --> 00:27:21,280
Speaker 1: The Novo. And we followed up and she's actually a

490
00:27:21,320 --> 00:27:23,800
Speaker 1: number a fan of a number of really cool musical

491
00:27:23,880 --> 00:27:26,639
Speaker 1: choices such as Boards of Canada, so I have to

492
00:27:26,640 --> 00:27:29,000
Speaker 1: get rid thumbs up to that as well. And then

493
00:27:29,280 --> 00:27:33,200
Speaker 1: one more up on the music front, listener David writes,

494
00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:35,000
Speaker 1: and it says, I'm in the same boat as Robert

495
00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:36,719
Speaker 1: in the sense that I don't think I've ever heard

496
00:27:36,760 --> 00:27:39,480
Speaker 1: a lyrical earworm. Since childhood, all of my ear worms

497
00:27:39,480 --> 00:27:41,720
Speaker 1: has been instrumental, and it's one of the reasons I

498
00:27:41,760 --> 00:27:45,119
Speaker 1: became a musician. I was a really late bloomer musically

499
00:27:45,119 --> 00:27:47,680
Speaker 1: and didn't touch my first instrument until I was sixteen

500
00:27:47,760 --> 00:27:50,120
Speaker 1: due to the complete lack of funding for childhood music

501
00:27:50,119 --> 00:27:52,359
Speaker 1: programs in the area I grew up in. And he

502
00:27:52,400 --> 00:27:54,520
Speaker 1: goes on to say, now that I'm in college and

503
00:27:54,520 --> 00:27:57,919
Speaker 1: taking proper musical music theory classes, I have expanded my

504
00:27:57,920 --> 00:28:00,560
Speaker 1: repertoire of instruments. Um, I knew we found just about

505
00:28:00,600 --> 00:28:02,960
Speaker 1: the world of music that surrounds us that really redefined

506
00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:04,679
Speaker 1: the way I view my life. So I found that

507
00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:08,000
Speaker 1: really interesting as well. Yeah. Yeah, Actually we got a

508
00:28:08,000 --> 00:28:10,080
Speaker 1: lot of feedback on that, and a lot of people

509
00:28:10,280 --> 00:28:13,760
Speaker 1: uh said that they didn't have lyrics like you as well,

510
00:28:13,800 --> 00:28:16,280
Speaker 1: which I thought was pretty surprising. I thought everybody has

511
00:28:16,680 --> 00:28:20,879
Speaker 1: any musical yes, well yes, but yeah, but you know

512
00:28:20,960 --> 00:28:24,200
Speaker 1: a good one. You know, we would uh, we would

513
00:28:24,240 --> 00:28:27,120
Speaker 1: love to hear back from people about this podcast though,

514
00:28:27,440 --> 00:28:30,239
Speaker 1: about the interplay between the gut and the mind. Let

515
00:28:30,320 --> 00:28:33,520
Speaker 1: us know what your gut is thinking about. You can

516
00:28:33,560 --> 00:28:36,640
Speaker 1: find us on Twitter and on Facebook as Blow the Mind.

517
00:28:37,320 --> 00:28:40,200
Speaker 1: We're constantly updating that and uh and by all means,

518
00:28:40,200 --> 00:28:42,400
Speaker 1: if you like the show, check out that Facebook page

519
00:28:42,400 --> 00:28:45,760
Speaker 1: and critical like button. Uh and and also please do

520
00:28:45,800 --> 00:28:47,400
Speaker 1: us a favorite going too iTunes if you like the

521
00:28:47,440 --> 00:28:50,280
Speaker 1: show and leave us a little positive feedback, maybe you

522
00:28:50,320 --> 00:28:54,920
Speaker 1: know some some nice generous star ratings. Indeed, and if

523
00:28:54,960 --> 00:28:58,120
Speaker 1: you have any get instincts you want to share peace,

524
00:28:58,160 --> 00:29:00,280
Speaker 1: email us at Blow the Mind at how to works

525
00:29:00,280 --> 00:29:07,360
Speaker 1: dot com for more on this and thousands of other topics.

526
00:29:07,440 --> 00:29:09,880
Speaker 1: Visit how stuff works dot com To learn more about

527
00:29:09,880 --> 00:29:12,720
Speaker 1: the podcast. Click on the podcast icon in the upper

528
00:29:12,800 --> 00:29:15,920
Speaker 1: right corner of our homepage. The How Stuff Works iPhone

529
00:29:15,920 --> 00:29:21,040
Speaker 1: app has a ride. Download it today on iTunes. Who