WEBVTT - Do You Know These Myths About the Flu?

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to brain Stuff, a production of iHeartRadio, Hey brain

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<v Speaker 1>Stuff Lauren Vogelbaum here. Influenza is such a common part

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<v Speaker 1>of our lives that it's easy to forget how dangerous

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<v Speaker 1>this viral infection can be. The reason it comes back

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<v Speaker 1>year after year is that the flu virus isn't a monolith.

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<v Speaker 1>It's constantly evolving and developing different strains. So even if

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<v Speaker 1>your immune system foughted off last year, your body probably

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<v Speaker 1>won't recognize the new strains going around this year, and

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<v Speaker 1>therefore won't fight it off before it makes you sick.

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<v Speaker 1>Every year, about a billion people around the world get

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<v Speaker 1>the flu, some five to ten percent of adults and

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<v Speaker 1>twenty to thirty percent of children. The virus attacks your

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<v Speaker 1>respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and lungs. The symptoms

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<v Speaker 1>include fever, coughing, painfully sore throat, muscle aches, headaches, and

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<v Speaker 1>extreme tea. Although most people recover in anywhere from a

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<v Speaker 1>few days to a couple weeks, However, there are some

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<v Speaker 1>three to five millions severe cases every year in which

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<v Speaker 1>a flu patient can also develop severe dehydration, sepsis, and

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<v Speaker 1>organ failure. Also, it weakens your body, making you more

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<v Speaker 1>vulnerable to secondary infections. Overall, about a million people die

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<v Speaker 1>every year due to influenza. It's also really expensive, not

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<v Speaker 1>that that's anywhere near as important as a human life,

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<v Speaker 1>but in the US alone, we spend over ten billion

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<v Speaker 1>dollars a year in flu related medical expenses, and we

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<v Speaker 1>lose out on an additional sixteen billion dollars in potential

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<v Speaker 1>earnings while we're sick. All of this is especially wild

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<v Speaker 1>considering that the flu is highly preventable. One of the

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<v Speaker 1>kindest and most helpful things you can do for your

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<v Speaker 1>fellow humans is to stay home if you're sick, and

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<v Speaker 1>if you have to go out, mask up and keep

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<v Speaker 1>your hands washed to avoid spreading the infection. But beyond that,

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<v Speaker 1>every year, teams of researchers around the globe work together

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<v Speaker 1>to watch strains of the flu as they develop, and

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<v Speaker 1>then make an educated guess about the strains most likely

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<v Speaker 1>to cause a problem in the coming year. Every individual

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<v Speaker 1>country reviews that data and then decides which strains to

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<v Speaker 1>create that year's vaccines to fight specifically against. The Centers

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<v Speaker 1>for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC recommends that all

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<v Speaker 1>Americans ages six months in older get the flu vaccine

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<v Speaker 1>every year. Unfortunately, there's a lot of misinformation out there

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<v Speaker 1>about the seriousness of the flu and the safety and

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<v Speaker 1>effectiveness of flu vaccines, which can prevent people from taking

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<v Speaker 1>simple precautions to prevent getting sick and help stop the spread.

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<v Speaker 1>So today, let's talk through some of those misconceptions. First up,

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<v Speaker 1>there's the idea that getting the flu isn't any different

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<v Speaker 1>than getting a bad cold, But that's not true. Colds

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<v Speaker 1>can be serious too, but some strains of the flu

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<v Speaker 1>have killed millions of people, such as the pandemic of

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<v Speaker 1>nineteen eighteen, which killed somewhere between twenty and fifty million

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<v Speaker 1>people worldwide, more than the number who died in World

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<v Speaker 1>War One. Many flu related deaths actually occur a week

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<v Speaker 1>or two after a person comes down with the flu,

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<v Speaker 1>when they develop a secondary infection, such as bacterial pneumonia.

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<v Speaker 1>In other cases, the flu aggravates an existing chronic illness,

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<v Speaker 1>like congestive heart failure or chronic pulmonary heart disease. People

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<v Speaker 1>with asthma may experience potentially fatal attacks when they come

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<v Speaker 1>down with the flu, so yes, it is more serious

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<v Speaker 1>than the common cold. Next up, there's the idea that

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<v Speaker 1>going outside in cold weather will make you more likely

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<v Speaker 1>to catch the flu, especially if your hair is wet

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<v Speaker 1>or you're not wearing a hat or a coat, or

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<v Speaker 1>even that you're more likely to get the flu if

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<v Speaker 1>you sit by a drafty window. It is true that

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<v Speaker 1>the peak months for flu infections are in the winter,

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<v Speaker 1>when it's colder outside and the air is drier, and

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<v Speaker 1>it's probably true that cold weather can dampen your immune

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<v Speaker 1>system a bit. Researchers think that because we get less

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<v Speaker 1>sun in the winter, our bodies may be low on

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<v Speaker 1>vitamin D, which is essential to immune system function. That cold,

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<v Speaker 1>dry air may also make it easier for the flu

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<v Speaker 1>virus to get in through your nose, because that air

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<v Speaker 1>dries out our mucous membranes and constricts their blood vessels there,

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<v Speaker 1>So the virus isn't stopped by mucus or white blood cells.

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<v Speaker 1>But this myth seems to be a case of correlation

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<v Speaker 1>versus causation. The flu, after all, isn't blocked by a

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<v Speaker 1>coat or a hat. It's transmitted through tiny droplets that

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<v Speaker 1>a sick person breathes out or coughs out or sneezes

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<v Speaker 1>out that then hang in the air and can be

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<v Speaker 1>inhaled by someone else. So experts think that the reason

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<v Speaker 1>for the uptick and illness in the winter is that

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<v Speaker 1>people spend more time indoors in close quarters with each other,

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<v Speaker 1>so if one person is sick, it's more likely that

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<v Speaker 1>other people will be exposed. It's technically staying in, not

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<v Speaker 1>going out in the cold that makes us more susceptible

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<v Speaker 1>to the flu in winter. Then there's the idea that

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<v Speaker 1>if you haven't caught the flu by December in the

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<v Speaker 1>northern hemisphere anyway, you're gonna avoid it that year. This

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<v Speaker 1>is a remarkably persistent belief, but there's really no truth

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<v Speaker 1>to it. The timing of flu outbreaks is unpredictable from

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<v Speaker 1>year to year, but data show that February has been

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<v Speaker 1>the peak month about half the time, with January and

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<v Speaker 1>March being the runners up. So even if you haven't

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<v Speaker 1>gotten sick by the end of the year, it's absolutely

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<v Speaker 1>still worth getting vaccine to help keep you healthy in

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<v Speaker 1>the new year. Let's talk about that vaccine. One of

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<v Speaker 1>the most pervasive myths about the flu is that the

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<v Speaker 1>vaccine doesn't work, And okay, it doesn't always work any

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<v Speaker 1>given years, flu vaccine will be effective in preventing a

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<v Speaker 1>recipient from getting the flu about sixty percent of the time.

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<v Speaker 1>How well it works depends upon your age and your health.

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<v Speaker 1>Young healthy people are most likely to get the desired results.

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<v Speaker 1>Another factor is how well this year's vaccine matches the

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<v Speaker 1>flu strain that emerges as a print. But even if

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<v Speaker 1>you get a flu shot and still get the flu,

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<v Speaker 1>your precaution didn't go entirely to waste. The vaccine can

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<v Speaker 1>help to protect you against some of the diseases harsher complications. Furthermore,

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<v Speaker 1>the flu vaccine absolutely cannot give you the flu. The

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<v Speaker 1>types of flu vaccine that are injected use what's called

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<v Speaker 1>inactivated viruses. We say inactive instead of dead, because there's

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<v Speaker 1>scientific argument about whether viruses can ever really be considered

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<v Speaker 1>alive in the first place. But yes, the viruses that

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<v Speaker 1>go into vaccines have been chemically inactivated. The process leaves

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<v Speaker 1>just enough proteins in the outer coating of the virus

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<v Speaker 1>intact that it tricks your immune system into thinking that

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<v Speaker 1>the virus is a threat. That causes your body to

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<v Speaker 1>produce white blood cells that are primed to attack any

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<v Speaker 1>subsequent viral invader that has those same telltale proteins. In

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<v Speaker 1>its coating. Meanwhile, the nasal spray types of flu vaccine,

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<v Speaker 1>like flu Mist, which is sometimes given to kids, do

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<v Speaker 1>contain active flu viruses, but they've been weakened and what's

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<v Speaker 1>called cold adapted, meaning that the viruses can only live

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<v Speaker 1>in the relatively cool temperatures found in the nose. They

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<v Speaker 1>can't survive in the heat of the rest of your body.

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<v Speaker 1>It works because white blood cells fight off the virus

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<v Speaker 1>in the nose and then transmit information about it to

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<v Speaker 1>the rest of the body, but which itself has stayed safe.

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<v Speaker 1>That said, the flu vaccine can sometimes cause side effects.

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<v Speaker 1>You might experience a bit of swelling or redness at

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<v Speaker 1>the side of an injection, or a low grade fever, headache,

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<v Speaker 1>or a bit of a throat scratch and sniffle. These

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<v Speaker 1>are all signs that your immune system is reacting to

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<v Speaker 1>the vaccine as intended. It's on high alert, attempting to

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<v Speaker 1>prevent infection from what it sees as a threat, and

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<v Speaker 1>therefore producing these annoying symptoms. But okay, how long does

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<v Speaker 1>the vaccine keep you safe? Another misconception out there is

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<v Speaker 1>that if you get a flu shot to early in

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<v Speaker 1>the season, it'll wear off before spring has sprung. This

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<v Speaker 1>one germinated from a seed of truth. Health authorities used

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<v Speaker 1>to be concerned about the possibility of this, but as

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<v Speaker 1>of the early two thousands, research has shown that the

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<v Speaker 1>immune that you gain from the vaccine will generally last

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<v Speaker 1>until the flu season ends in the spring. In some cases,

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<v Speaker 1>a person's immunity may last for as long as a year,

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<v Speaker 1>so experts urge everyone to get their flu shots as

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<v Speaker 1>soon as possible so that we're protected throughout the entire

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<v Speaker 1>flu season. That's not to say that you don't need

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<v Speaker 1>to get vaccinated every year. The body's immunity does indeed

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<v Speaker 1>decline over time, and as we said early on in

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<v Speaker 1>this episode, flu viruses don't just stay the same year

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<v Speaker 1>after year. They mutate and evolve very quickly in order

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<v Speaker 1>to survive. Unlike plants and animals, including humans, the only

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<v Speaker 1>way a virus can reproduce itself is by invading a

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<v Speaker 1>host cell and injecting its genetic material into that cell.

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<v Speaker 1>That material then gives the cell instructions to make more

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<v Speaker 1>copies of the virus, which then kills the cell and

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<v Speaker 1>spreads to other cells. But post organisms like the human

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<v Speaker 1>body don't go along with this. Willingly, our immune system

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<v Speaker 1>learns to recognize those distinctive proteins out a particular virus's

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<v Speaker 1>outer coding and attack it. Thus, in order to overcome

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<v Speaker 1>that obstacle, viruses continually have to reinvent themselves and become

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<v Speaker 1>essentially new attackers that your body won't recognize. This can

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<v Speaker 1>and does happen in less than a year, and that's

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<v Speaker 1>why we have to get an annual vaccination to protect

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<v Speaker 1>against these new threats. The flu vaccine and vaccines in general,

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<v Speaker 1>are very safe. They are profusely studied, and healthcare professionals

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<v Speaker 1>wouldn't recommend them if they were more dangerous than the

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<v Speaker 1>diseases they protect against. In that vein, let's talk about

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<v Speaker 1>the myth that vaccines like the flu vaccine can cause autism.

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<v Speaker 1>This is absolutely not true, and it stems from a

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<v Speaker 1>scientifically bad article that somehow mistakedly made it through the

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<v Speaker 1>publishing process to appear in the esteemed British medical journal

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<v Speaker 1>The Lancet in nineteen ninety eight. In this article, the

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<v Speaker 1>authors claimed to have found links between a childhood vaccination

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<v Speaker 1>for measles, bumps and rubella two a loss of developmental

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<v Speaker 1>skills in children. This prompted a lot of further research

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<v Speaker 1>and review. The scientists have since proven that there is

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<v Speaker 1>no link between vaccines and autism, and furthermore, researchers and

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<v Speaker 1>journalists uncovered the fact that the authors of that Landset

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<v Speaker 1>paper deliberately falsified facts and picked and shows data in

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<v Speaker 1>order to come up with their result because they were

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<v Speaker 1>hoping to make a lot of money selling pre autism

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<v Speaker 1>test kits to scared parents. The authors of that paper

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<v Speaker 1>are no longer allowed to practice medicine because of this

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<v Speaker 1>deliberate fraud. The lead author, by the way, was one

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<v Speaker 1>Andrew Wakefield, and he is still out there trying to

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<v Speaker 1>fraudulently scare people out of their money. So watch out

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<v Speaker 1>for anything that Andrew Wakefield is connected to. Some people

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<v Speaker 1>have also raised questions about thy marisol, which is a

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<v Speaker 1>preservative containing mercury that started being used in some vaccines

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<v Speaker 1>and other products back in the nineteen thirties. Because the

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<v Speaker 1>seasonal flu vaccine is produced in large quantities for annual

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<v Speaker 1>immunization campaigns, some multi dose files contain this preservative to

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<v Speaker 1>protect against contamination once the containers are opened. According to

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<v Speaker 1>the CDC, there is no scientific evidence that thy marasol

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<v Speaker 1>causes any harmed people except for minor reactions such as

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<v Speaker 1>redness and swelling at the injection site. But irregardless, there's

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<v Speaker 1>no hazard to children because only adults get any vaccines

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<v Speaker 1>containing the preservative. Out of an abundance of caution, the

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<v Speaker 1>US Food and Drug Administration eliminated the use of this

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<v Speaker 1>preservative in medications given to children back in two thousand

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<v Speaker 1>and one. Our understanding of health and the human body

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<v Speaker 1>is updating all the time, but again, vaccines are made

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<v Speaker 1>to be as safe as possible. One important caveat here

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<v Speaker 1>there are some people who shouldn't get a flu shot

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<v Speaker 1>without first consulting a healthcare provider. This includes people who

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<v Speaker 1>are severely allergic to chicken eggs because egg protein is

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<v Speaker 1>used in some vaccine formulations. Also, anyone with a family

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<v Speaker 1>history of gian Bar syndrome, which is a paralytic illness,

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<v Speaker 1>should talk to their provider about the extremely small increased risk.

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<v Speaker 1>And if you already have a moderate severe illness with

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<v Speaker 1>a fever, you should wait to get healthy before getting

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<v Speaker 1>any vaccine so that your immune system is only dealing

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<v Speaker 1>with one thing at a time. We live in an

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<v Speaker 1>amazing era wherein we know so much more about our

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<v Speaker 1>bodies and the microbes that cause disease that anyone even

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<v Speaker 1>dreamed of more than two hundred years ago. Because of vaccines,

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<v Speaker 1>there are so many terrible diseases that we no longer

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<v Speaker 1>have to suffer from, or that we can at least

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<v Speaker 1>extremely reduce our chance of getting So get out to

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<v Speaker 1>a healthcare provider for a flu shot and talk to

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<v Speaker 1>them about it if you have any other concerns. Today's

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<v Speaker 1>episode is based on the article ten Misconceptions about the

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<v Speaker 1>flu on HowStuffWorks dot Com, written by Patrick J. Hider.

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<v Speaker 1>Brainstuff is a production of by Heart Radio in partnership

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<v Speaker 1>with how Stuffworks dot Com and is produced by Tyler Klang.

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<v Speaker 1>Four more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app,

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<v Speaker 1>Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows