1
00:00:01,840 --> 00:00:07,320
Speaker 1: Welcome to brain Stuff, a production of iHeartRadio, Hey brain

2
00:00:07,360 --> 00:00:13,039
Speaker 1: Stuff Lauren Vogelbaum here. Influenza is such a common part

3
00:00:13,080 --> 00:00:16,400
Speaker 1: of our lives that it's easy to forget how dangerous

4
00:00:16,480 --> 00:00:20,200
Speaker 1: this viral infection can be. The reason it comes back

5
00:00:20,320 --> 00:00:23,680
Speaker 1: year after year is that the flu virus isn't a monolith.

6
00:00:23,960 --> 00:00:28,000
Speaker 1: It's constantly evolving and developing different strains. So even if

7
00:00:28,040 --> 00:00:31,320
Speaker 1: your immune system foughted off last year, your body probably

8
00:00:31,360 --> 00:00:34,400
Speaker 1: won't recognize the new strains going around this year, and

9
00:00:34,640 --> 00:00:37,640
Speaker 1: therefore won't fight it off before it makes you sick.

10
00:00:39,800 --> 00:00:42,600
Speaker 1: Every year, about a billion people around the world get

11
00:00:42,640 --> 00:00:45,839
Speaker 1: the flu, some five to ten percent of adults and

12
00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:49,760
Speaker 1: twenty to thirty percent of children. The virus attacks your

13
00:00:49,760 --> 00:00:54,120
Speaker 1: respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and lungs. The symptoms

14
00:00:54,200 --> 00:00:58,920
Speaker 1: include fever, coughing, painfully sore throat, muscle aches, headaches, and

15
00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:03,120
Speaker 1: extreme tea. Although most people recover in anywhere from a

16
00:01:03,120 --> 00:01:07,920
Speaker 1: few days to a couple weeks, However, there are some

17
00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:11,920
Speaker 1: three to five millions severe cases every year in which

18
00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:15,840
Speaker 1: a flu patient can also develop severe dehydration, sepsis, and

19
00:01:16,040 --> 00:01:20,880
Speaker 1: organ failure. Also, it weakens your body, making you more

20
00:01:20,959 --> 00:01:26,880
Speaker 1: vulnerable to secondary infections. Overall, about a million people die

21
00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:32,560
Speaker 1: every year due to influenza. It's also really expensive, not

22
00:01:32,640 --> 00:01:35,360
Speaker 1: that that's anywhere near as important as a human life,

23
00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:39,200
Speaker 1: but in the US alone, we spend over ten billion

24
00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:42,679
Speaker 1: dollars a year in flu related medical expenses, and we

25
00:01:42,800 --> 00:01:45,800
Speaker 1: lose out on an additional sixteen billion dollars in potential

26
00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:51,800
Speaker 1: earnings while we're sick. All of this is especially wild

27
00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:55,840
Speaker 1: considering that the flu is highly preventable. One of the

28
00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:58,480
Speaker 1: kindest and most helpful things you can do for your

29
00:01:58,480 --> 00:02:02,080
Speaker 1: fellow humans is to stay home if you're sick, and

30
00:02:02,240 --> 00:02:04,520
Speaker 1: if you have to go out, mask up and keep

31
00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:09,880
Speaker 1: your hands washed to avoid spreading the infection. But beyond that,

32
00:02:10,520 --> 00:02:13,760
Speaker 1: every year, teams of researchers around the globe work together

33
00:02:13,919 --> 00:02:16,640
Speaker 1: to watch strains of the flu as they develop, and

34
00:02:16,680 --> 00:02:19,560
Speaker 1: then make an educated guess about the strains most likely

35
00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:23,400
Speaker 1: to cause a problem in the coming year. Every individual

36
00:02:23,480 --> 00:02:26,760
Speaker 1: country reviews that data and then decides which strains to

37
00:02:26,919 --> 00:02:32,240
Speaker 1: create that year's vaccines to fight specifically against. The Centers

38
00:02:32,240 --> 00:02:35,680
Speaker 1: for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC recommends that all

39
00:02:35,720 --> 00:02:39,160
Speaker 1: Americans ages six months in older get the flu vaccine

40
00:02:39,200 --> 00:02:45,120
Speaker 1: every year. Unfortunately, there's a lot of misinformation out there

41
00:02:45,200 --> 00:02:47,880
Speaker 1: about the seriousness of the flu and the safety and

42
00:02:47,919 --> 00:02:51,760
Speaker 1: effectiveness of flu vaccines, which can prevent people from taking

43
00:02:51,840 --> 00:02:55,560
Speaker 1: simple precautions to prevent getting sick and help stop the spread.

44
00:02:56,400 --> 00:03:02,160
Speaker 1: So today, let's talk through some of those misconceptions. First up,

45
00:03:02,280 --> 00:03:04,920
Speaker 1: there's the idea that getting the flu isn't any different

46
00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:09,160
Speaker 1: than getting a bad cold, But that's not true. Colds

47
00:03:09,200 --> 00:03:12,040
Speaker 1: can be serious too, but some strains of the flu

48
00:03:12,120 --> 00:03:15,799
Speaker 1: have killed millions of people, such as the pandemic of

49
00:03:15,919 --> 00:03:19,800
Speaker 1: nineteen eighteen, which killed somewhere between twenty and fifty million

50
00:03:19,919 --> 00:03:23,280
Speaker 1: people worldwide, more than the number who died in World

51
00:03:23,360 --> 00:03:28,440
Speaker 1: War One. Many flu related deaths actually occur a week

52
00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:31,080
Speaker 1: or two after a person comes down with the flu,

53
00:03:31,120 --> 00:03:34,800
Speaker 1: when they develop a secondary infection, such as bacterial pneumonia.

54
00:03:35,960 --> 00:03:39,080
Speaker 1: In other cases, the flu aggravates an existing chronic illness,

55
00:03:39,480 --> 00:03:44,000
Speaker 1: like congestive heart failure or chronic pulmonary heart disease. People

56
00:03:44,040 --> 00:03:47,320
Speaker 1: with asthma may experience potentially fatal attacks when they come

57
00:03:47,360 --> 00:03:50,800
Speaker 1: down with the flu, so yes, it is more serious

58
00:03:50,840 --> 00:03:55,440
Speaker 1: than the common cold. Next up, there's the idea that

59
00:03:55,480 --> 00:03:58,320
Speaker 1: going outside in cold weather will make you more likely

60
00:03:58,360 --> 00:04:01,040
Speaker 1: to catch the flu, especially if your hair is wet

61
00:04:01,200 --> 00:04:03,960
Speaker 1: or you're not wearing a hat or a coat, or

62
00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:06,320
Speaker 1: even that you're more likely to get the flu if

63
00:04:06,320 --> 00:04:10,760
Speaker 1: you sit by a drafty window. It is true that

64
00:04:10,840 --> 00:04:13,400
Speaker 1: the peak months for flu infections are in the winter,

65
00:04:13,680 --> 00:04:17,280
Speaker 1: when it's colder outside and the air is drier, and

66
00:04:17,560 --> 00:04:20,840
Speaker 1: it's probably true that cold weather can dampen your immune

67
00:04:20,839 --> 00:04:24,480
Speaker 1: system a bit. Researchers think that because we get less

68
00:04:24,480 --> 00:04:26,640
Speaker 1: sun in the winter, our bodies may be low on

69
00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:31,559
Speaker 1: vitamin D, which is essential to immune system function. That cold,

70
00:04:31,640 --> 00:04:34,080
Speaker 1: dry air may also make it easier for the flu

71
00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:37,440
Speaker 1: virus to get in through your nose, because that air

72
00:04:37,560 --> 00:04:41,119
Speaker 1: dries out our mucous membranes and constricts their blood vessels there,

73
00:04:41,560 --> 00:04:45,400
Speaker 1: So the virus isn't stopped by mucus or white blood cells.

74
00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:50,680
Speaker 1: But this myth seems to be a case of correlation

75
00:04:51,040 --> 00:04:55,440
Speaker 1: versus causation. The flu, after all, isn't blocked by a

76
00:04:55,520 --> 00:04:59,599
Speaker 1: coat or a hat. It's transmitted through tiny droplets that

77
00:04:59,640 --> 00:05:03,160
Speaker 1: a sick person breathes out or coughs out or sneezes

78
00:05:03,200 --> 00:05:05,560
Speaker 1: out that then hang in the air and can be

79
00:05:05,600 --> 00:05:10,240
Speaker 1: inhaled by someone else. So experts think that the reason

80
00:05:10,360 --> 00:05:12,560
Speaker 1: for the uptick and illness in the winter is that

81
00:05:12,560 --> 00:05:16,120
Speaker 1: people spend more time indoors in close quarters with each other,

82
00:05:16,720 --> 00:05:19,360
Speaker 1: so if one person is sick, it's more likely that

83
00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:24,039
Speaker 1: other people will be exposed. It's technically staying in, not

84
00:05:24,200 --> 00:05:26,760
Speaker 1: going out in the cold that makes us more susceptible

85
00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:31,000
Speaker 1: to the flu in winter. Then there's the idea that

86
00:05:31,120 --> 00:05:33,599
Speaker 1: if you haven't caught the flu by December in the

87
00:05:33,640 --> 00:05:37,440
Speaker 1: northern hemisphere anyway, you're gonna avoid it that year. This

88
00:05:37,600 --> 00:05:40,840
Speaker 1: is a remarkably persistent belief, but there's really no truth

89
00:05:40,920 --> 00:05:44,680
Speaker 1: to it. The timing of flu outbreaks is unpredictable from

90
00:05:44,720 --> 00:05:47,800
Speaker 1: year to year, but data show that February has been

91
00:05:47,880 --> 00:05:50,760
Speaker 1: the peak month about half the time, with January and

92
00:05:50,800 --> 00:05:54,040
Speaker 1: March being the runners up. So even if you haven't

93
00:05:54,040 --> 00:05:56,440
Speaker 1: gotten sick by the end of the year, it's absolutely

94
00:05:56,480 --> 00:05:58,919
Speaker 1: still worth getting vaccine to help keep you healthy in

95
00:05:58,920 --> 00:06:04,120
Speaker 1: the new year. Let's talk about that vaccine. One of

96
00:06:04,160 --> 00:06:06,360
Speaker 1: the most pervasive myths about the flu is that the

97
00:06:06,440 --> 00:06:12,520
Speaker 1: vaccine doesn't work, And okay, it doesn't always work any

98
00:06:12,520 --> 00:06:15,279
Speaker 1: given years, flu vaccine will be effective in preventing a

99
00:06:15,279 --> 00:06:19,159
Speaker 1: recipient from getting the flu about sixty percent of the time.

100
00:06:20,400 --> 00:06:23,440
Speaker 1: How well it works depends upon your age and your health.

101
00:06:24,080 --> 00:06:27,919
Speaker 1: Young healthy people are most likely to get the desired results.

102
00:06:28,600 --> 00:06:32,120
Speaker 1: Another factor is how well this year's vaccine matches the

103
00:06:32,120 --> 00:06:36,720
Speaker 1: flu strain that emerges as a print. But even if

104
00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:39,000
Speaker 1: you get a flu shot and still get the flu,

105
00:06:39,440 --> 00:06:43,280
Speaker 1: your precaution didn't go entirely to waste. The vaccine can

106
00:06:43,360 --> 00:06:48,880
Speaker 1: help to protect you against some of the diseases harsher complications. Furthermore,

107
00:06:48,960 --> 00:06:54,000
Speaker 1: the flu vaccine absolutely cannot give you the flu. The

108
00:06:54,040 --> 00:06:57,119
Speaker 1: types of flu vaccine that are injected use what's called

109
00:06:57,240 --> 00:07:02,080
Speaker 1: inactivated viruses. We say inactive instead of dead, because there's

110
00:07:02,160 --> 00:07:05,279
Speaker 1: scientific argument about whether viruses can ever really be considered

111
00:07:05,279 --> 00:07:08,960
Speaker 1: alive in the first place. But yes, the viruses that

112
00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:14,080
Speaker 1: go into vaccines have been chemically inactivated. The process leaves

113
00:07:14,240 --> 00:07:17,040
Speaker 1: just enough proteins in the outer coating of the virus

114
00:07:17,120 --> 00:07:20,320
Speaker 1: intact that it tricks your immune system into thinking that

115
00:07:20,360 --> 00:07:23,520
Speaker 1: the virus is a threat. That causes your body to

116
00:07:23,520 --> 00:07:26,320
Speaker 1: produce white blood cells that are primed to attack any

117
00:07:26,360 --> 00:07:30,520
Speaker 1: subsequent viral invader that has those same telltale proteins. In

118
00:07:30,560 --> 00:07:36,480
Speaker 1: its coating. Meanwhile, the nasal spray types of flu vaccine,

119
00:07:36,560 --> 00:07:39,680
Speaker 1: like flu Mist, which is sometimes given to kids, do

120
00:07:39,880 --> 00:07:44,360
Speaker 1: contain active flu viruses, but they've been weakened and what's

121
00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:48,200
Speaker 1: called cold adapted, meaning that the viruses can only live

122
00:07:48,360 --> 00:07:51,840
Speaker 1: in the relatively cool temperatures found in the nose. They

123
00:07:52,080 --> 00:07:56,400
Speaker 1: can't survive in the heat of the rest of your body.

124
00:07:56,520 --> 00:07:59,160
Speaker 1: It works because white blood cells fight off the virus

125
00:07:59,160 --> 00:08:01,880
Speaker 1: in the nose and then transmit information about it to

126
00:08:01,920 --> 00:08:04,760
Speaker 1: the rest of the body, but which itself has stayed safe.

127
00:08:07,600 --> 00:08:11,240
Speaker 1: That said, the flu vaccine can sometimes cause side effects.

128
00:08:11,680 --> 00:08:14,760
Speaker 1: You might experience a bit of swelling or redness at

129
00:08:14,760 --> 00:08:18,040
Speaker 1: the side of an injection, or a low grade fever, headache,

130
00:08:18,240 --> 00:08:21,760
Speaker 1: or a bit of a throat scratch and sniffle. These

131
00:08:21,800 --> 00:08:24,240
Speaker 1: are all signs that your immune system is reacting to

132
00:08:24,280 --> 00:08:28,160
Speaker 1: the vaccine as intended. It's on high alert, attempting to

133
00:08:28,160 --> 00:08:31,040
Speaker 1: prevent infection from what it sees as a threat, and

134
00:08:31,200 --> 00:08:38,400
Speaker 1: therefore producing these annoying symptoms. But okay, how long does

135
00:08:38,400 --> 00:08:42,240
Speaker 1: the vaccine keep you safe? Another misconception out there is

136
00:08:42,280 --> 00:08:44,400
Speaker 1: that if you get a flu shot to early in

137
00:08:44,400 --> 00:08:49,840
Speaker 1: the season, it'll wear off before spring has sprung. This

138
00:08:49,920 --> 00:08:53,840
Speaker 1: one germinated from a seed of truth. Health authorities used

139
00:08:53,840 --> 00:08:57,160
Speaker 1: to be concerned about the possibility of this, but as

140
00:08:57,160 --> 00:08:59,640
Speaker 1: of the early two thousands, research has shown that the

141
00:08:59,679 --> 00:09:02,800
Speaker 1: immune that you gain from the vaccine will generally last

142
00:09:02,880 --> 00:09:06,559
Speaker 1: until the flu season ends in the spring. In some cases,

143
00:09:06,600 --> 00:09:08,800
Speaker 1: a person's immunity may last for as long as a year,

144
00:09:10,040 --> 00:09:12,760
Speaker 1: so experts urge everyone to get their flu shots as

145
00:09:12,800 --> 00:09:15,440
Speaker 1: soon as possible so that we're protected throughout the entire

146
00:09:15,480 --> 00:09:19,880
Speaker 1: flu season. That's not to say that you don't need

147
00:09:19,920 --> 00:09:23,520
Speaker 1: to get vaccinated every year. The body's immunity does indeed

148
00:09:23,520 --> 00:09:26,880
Speaker 1: decline over time, and as we said early on in

149
00:09:26,880 --> 00:09:30,080
Speaker 1: this episode, flu viruses don't just stay the same year

150
00:09:30,120 --> 00:09:33,920
Speaker 1: after year. They mutate and evolve very quickly in order

151
00:09:33,960 --> 00:09:39,040
Speaker 1: to survive. Unlike plants and animals, including humans, the only

152
00:09:39,080 --> 00:09:42,160
Speaker 1: way a virus can reproduce itself is by invading a

153
00:09:42,200 --> 00:09:45,680
Speaker 1: host cell and injecting its genetic material into that cell.

154
00:09:46,600 --> 00:09:49,439
Speaker 1: That material then gives the cell instructions to make more

155
00:09:49,480 --> 00:09:52,720
Speaker 1: copies of the virus, which then kills the cell and

156
00:09:52,800 --> 00:09:57,440
Speaker 1: spreads to other cells. But post organisms like the human

157
00:09:57,480 --> 00:10:00,800
Speaker 1: body don't go along with this. Willingly, our immune system

158
00:10:00,880 --> 00:10:04,280
Speaker 1: learns to recognize those distinctive proteins out a particular virus's

159
00:10:04,360 --> 00:10:08,720
Speaker 1: outer coding and attack it. Thus, in order to overcome

160
00:10:08,760 --> 00:10:13,280
Speaker 1: that obstacle, viruses continually have to reinvent themselves and become

161
00:10:13,480 --> 00:10:17,360
Speaker 1: essentially new attackers that your body won't recognize. This can

162
00:10:17,559 --> 00:10:20,760
Speaker 1: and does happen in less than a year, and that's

163
00:10:20,760 --> 00:10:23,160
Speaker 1: why we have to get an annual vaccination to protect

164
00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:28,760
Speaker 1: against these new threats. The flu vaccine and vaccines in general,

165
00:10:28,920 --> 00:10:33,560
Speaker 1: are very safe. They are profusely studied, and healthcare professionals

166
00:10:33,600 --> 00:10:36,280
Speaker 1: wouldn't recommend them if they were more dangerous than the

167
00:10:36,320 --> 00:10:41,760
Speaker 1: diseases they protect against. In that vein, let's talk about

168
00:10:41,760 --> 00:10:45,199
Speaker 1: the myth that vaccines like the flu vaccine can cause autism.

169
00:10:46,240 --> 00:10:50,400
Speaker 1: This is absolutely not true, and it stems from a

170
00:10:50,760 --> 00:10:55,040
Speaker 1: scientifically bad article that somehow mistakedly made it through the

171
00:10:55,040 --> 00:10:58,240
Speaker 1: publishing process to appear in the esteemed British medical journal

172
00:10:58,280 --> 00:11:03,240
Speaker 1: The Lancet in nineteen ninety eight. In this article, the

173
00:11:03,320 --> 00:11:06,960
Speaker 1: authors claimed to have found links between a childhood vaccination

174
00:11:07,200 --> 00:11:11,359
Speaker 1: for measles, bumps and rubella two a loss of developmental

175
00:11:11,360 --> 00:11:16,840
Speaker 1: skills in children. This prompted a lot of further research

176
00:11:16,880 --> 00:11:20,960
Speaker 1: and review. The scientists have since proven that there is

177
00:11:21,120 --> 00:11:27,040
Speaker 1: no link between vaccines and autism, and furthermore, researchers and

178
00:11:27,120 --> 00:11:30,480
Speaker 1: journalists uncovered the fact that the authors of that Landset

179
00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:35,000
Speaker 1: paper deliberately falsified facts and picked and shows data in

180
00:11:35,080 --> 00:11:37,880
Speaker 1: order to come up with their result because they were

181
00:11:37,920 --> 00:11:41,160
Speaker 1: hoping to make a lot of money selling pre autism

182
00:11:41,200 --> 00:11:45,560
Speaker 1: test kits to scared parents. The authors of that paper

183
00:11:45,600 --> 00:11:48,280
Speaker 1: are no longer allowed to practice medicine because of this

184
00:11:48,440 --> 00:11:52,360
Speaker 1: deliberate fraud. The lead author, by the way, was one

185
00:11:52,440 --> 00:11:56,000
Speaker 1: Andrew Wakefield, and he is still out there trying to

186
00:11:56,160 --> 00:11:59,439
Speaker 1: fraudulently scare people out of their money. So watch out

187
00:11:59,440 --> 00:12:04,480
Speaker 1: for anything that Andrew Wakefield is connected to. Some people

188
00:12:04,520 --> 00:12:08,040
Speaker 1: have also raised questions about thy marisol, which is a

189
00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:11,840
Speaker 1: preservative containing mercury that started being used in some vaccines

190
00:12:11,880 --> 00:12:15,720
Speaker 1: and other products back in the nineteen thirties. Because the

191
00:12:15,720 --> 00:12:19,120
Speaker 1: seasonal flu vaccine is produced in large quantities for annual

192
00:12:19,120 --> 00:12:23,880
Speaker 1: immunization campaigns, some multi dose files contain this preservative to

193
00:12:23,960 --> 00:12:29,000
Speaker 1: protect against contamination once the containers are opened. According to

194
00:12:29,080 --> 00:12:32,080
Speaker 1: the CDC, there is no scientific evidence that thy marasol

195
00:12:32,280 --> 00:12:36,280
Speaker 1: causes any harmed people except for minor reactions such as

196
00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:41,840
Speaker 1: redness and swelling at the injection site. But irregardless, there's

197
00:12:41,960 --> 00:12:45,839
Speaker 1: no hazard to children because only adults get any vaccines

198
00:12:45,880 --> 00:12:49,560
Speaker 1: containing the preservative. Out of an abundance of caution, the

199
00:12:49,679 --> 00:12:52,240
Speaker 1: US Food and Drug Administration eliminated the use of this

200
00:12:52,280 --> 00:12:55,280
Speaker 1: preservative in medications given to children back in two thousand

201
00:12:55,280 --> 00:13:00,720
Speaker 1: and one. Our understanding of health and the human body

202
00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:05,320
Speaker 1: is updating all the time, but again, vaccines are made

203
00:13:05,360 --> 00:13:09,840
Speaker 1: to be as safe as possible. One important caveat here

204
00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:12,120
Speaker 1: there are some people who shouldn't get a flu shot

205
00:13:12,200 --> 00:13:16,800
Speaker 1: without first consulting a healthcare provider. This includes people who

206
00:13:16,840 --> 00:13:20,320
Speaker 1: are severely allergic to chicken eggs because egg protein is

207
00:13:20,400 --> 00:13:25,120
Speaker 1: used in some vaccine formulations. Also, anyone with a family

208
00:13:25,200 --> 00:13:28,360
Speaker 1: history of gian Bar syndrome, which is a paralytic illness,

209
00:13:28,520 --> 00:13:32,680
Speaker 1: should talk to their provider about the extremely small increased risk.

210
00:13:34,120 --> 00:13:37,600
Speaker 1: And if you already have a moderate severe illness with

211
00:13:37,679 --> 00:13:40,720
Speaker 1: a fever, you should wait to get healthy before getting

212
00:13:40,720 --> 00:13:43,720
Speaker 1: any vaccine so that your immune system is only dealing

213
00:13:43,720 --> 00:13:48,360
Speaker 1: with one thing at a time. We live in an

214
00:13:48,400 --> 00:13:51,600
Speaker 1: amazing era wherein we know so much more about our

215
00:13:51,640 --> 00:13:55,160
Speaker 1: bodies and the microbes that cause disease that anyone even

216
00:13:55,280 --> 00:13:59,720
Speaker 1: dreamed of more than two hundred years ago. Because of vaccines,

217
00:13:59,800 --> 00:14:03,520
Speaker 1: there are so many terrible diseases that we no longer

218
00:14:03,600 --> 00:14:06,520
Speaker 1: have to suffer from, or that we can at least

219
00:14:06,679 --> 00:14:10,880
Speaker 1: extremely reduce our chance of getting So get out to

220
00:14:10,880 --> 00:14:13,520
Speaker 1: a healthcare provider for a flu shot and talk to

221
00:14:13,559 --> 00:14:21,200
Speaker 1: them about it if you have any other concerns. Today's

222
00:14:21,200 --> 00:14:23,840
Speaker 1: episode is based on the article ten Misconceptions about the

223
00:14:23,840 --> 00:14:26,720
Speaker 1: flu on HowStuffWorks dot Com, written by Patrick J. Hider.

224
00:14:27,240 --> 00:14:29,480
Speaker 1: Brainstuff is a production of by Heart Radio in partnership

225
00:14:29,520 --> 00:14:31,920
Speaker 1: with how Stuffworks dot Com and is produced by Tyler Klang.

226
00:14:32,520 --> 00:14:35,520
Speaker 1: Four more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app,

227
00:14:35,680 --> 00:14:38,600
Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows