1 00:00:08,600 --> 00:00:12,680 Speaker 1: From Mediators World News Headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is 2 00:00:12,880 --> 00:00:17,480 Speaker 1: Kel's We Can Review with Ryan kel Kelly. Now here's Kel. 3 00:00:18,440 --> 00:00:21,440 Speaker 1: This week, we're gonna attempt to feed two birds with 4 00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:26,079 Speaker 1: one stone, or if you're still into species language, kill 5 00:00:26,160 --> 00:00:30,040 Speaker 1: two birds with one stone. If you're confused by my opener, 6 00:00:30,520 --> 00:00:33,400 Speaker 1: that's something from our friends at Peter. We all know 7 00:00:33,479 --> 00:00:37,480 Speaker 1: about racist and sexist language, which is language that denigrates 8 00:00:37,520 --> 00:00:41,000 Speaker 1: certain people. Well, Peta is wanting to take on specious 9 00:00:41,159 --> 00:00:44,560 Speaker 1: language which denigrates animals by getting us to stop saying 10 00:00:44,600 --> 00:00:47,919 Speaker 1: old timey phrases such as bring home the bacon. So 11 00:00:48,280 --> 00:00:51,599 Speaker 1: on this week's wee Can Review, I'm bringing home the bagels. 12 00:00:51,880 --> 00:00:54,080 Speaker 1: Before we get into the news from the Big wide World, 13 00:00:54,440 --> 00:00:56,560 Speaker 1: which is going to include a few cool things about 14 00:00:56,600 --> 00:00:59,680 Speaker 1: birds and some not so cool things about cats. I'm 15 00:00:59,680 --> 00:01:03,480 Speaker 1: gonna start with news from my world. Just got back 16 00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:06,640 Speaker 1: from Tennessee. It was in bed down to talk Turkey 17 00:01:06,760 --> 00:01:10,960 Speaker 1: with the folks from PBS television series Reconnecting Roots. Uh, 18 00:01:11,040 --> 00:01:13,920 Speaker 1: the host gave McCaulay had never been hunting, so we 19 00:01:13,959 --> 00:01:16,760 Speaker 1: set out to get him his very first bird. We 20 00:01:16,840 --> 00:01:19,560 Speaker 1: got a tremendous amount of help from the Tennessee Wildlife 21 00:01:19,560 --> 00:01:23,399 Speaker 1: Resources Foundation, a nonprofit attached to the Tennessee Department of 22 00:01:23,400 --> 00:01:26,959 Speaker 1: Fish and Wildlife. I gotta tell you, Tennessee pretty much 23 00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:31,640 Speaker 1: bowled me over because it was ultra green and beautiful. Um. 24 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:35,360 Speaker 1: And you know that song Crimson and clover over and over, 25 00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:40,280 Speaker 1: Well that is happening just outside of Nashville right now. 26 00:01:40,360 --> 00:01:43,040 Speaker 1: So if you're around, get out there and check it out. 27 00:01:43,280 --> 00:01:47,600 Speaker 1: It is gorgeous. If you've never hunted turkeys, here are 28 00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:56,480 Speaker 1: some interesting facts. Turkeys are omnivorous. They will eat anything snails, snakes, mice, salamanders, 29 00:01:57,080 --> 00:02:03,160 Speaker 1: even crayfish plucked from underwater. Turkeys, of course, had been 30 00:02:03,240 --> 00:02:06,800 Speaker 1: nearly wiped out of Tennessee by the early nineteen hundreds 31 00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:11,240 Speaker 1: do the unrestricted hunting and the destruction of habitat. Many 32 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:17,000 Speaker 1: other states, including Michigan, for one, lost their turkeys entirely. Now, 33 00:02:17,720 --> 00:02:20,960 Speaker 1: due to major reintroduction efforts by the Wild Turkey Federation 34 00:02:21,280 --> 00:02:26,400 Speaker 1: and other sportsman's groups and state wildlife agencies, the wild 35 00:02:26,440 --> 00:02:29,680 Speaker 1: turkey can be found in every county in Tennessee and 36 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:34,400 Speaker 1: in every state except Alaska. That's about ten more states 37 00:02:34,440 --> 00:02:40,480 Speaker 1: than where turkeys could be found when Columbus quote discovered America. 38 00:02:40,960 --> 00:02:45,040 Speaker 1: It's estimated that this country has around seven million wild 39 00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:48,600 Speaker 1: turkeys total. That seems like a lot until you put 40 00:02:48,639 --> 00:02:51,840 Speaker 1: it in the context of domestic turkey production and consumption. 41 00:02:52,520 --> 00:02:56,359 Speaker 1: Back in two thousand eleven, Americans consumed about seven d 42 00:02:56,480 --> 00:02:59,360 Speaker 1: and thirty six million pounds of turkey meat. That's a 43 00:02:59,360 --> 00:03:01,919 Speaker 1: couple of pounds of turkey meat for every American. But 44 00:03:02,080 --> 00:03:05,639 Speaker 1: what we really like his chicken. In two thousand sixteen, 45 00:03:05,720 --> 00:03:10,040 Speaker 1: Americans consumed over ninety pounds of chicken per person. Onto 46 00:03:10,080 --> 00:03:12,600 Speaker 1: a particular bird that was in the news lately, a 47 00:03:12,720 --> 00:03:17,359 Speaker 1: Florida man was killed, stomped to death, it seems, by 48 00:03:17,360 --> 00:03:21,760 Speaker 1: his pet Cassewary in Alachua County. The cast wary, a 49 00:03:21,840 --> 00:03:24,720 Speaker 1: native to New Guinea, can stand about six ft tall 50 00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:27,760 Speaker 1: and way a hundred and thirty pounds. Oddly enough, much 51 00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:30,600 Speaker 1: like the wild turkey, the cast where he has incredibly 52 00:03:30,639 --> 00:03:33,840 Speaker 1: strong legs capable of propelling the bird to speeds around 53 00:03:33,880 --> 00:03:37,640 Speaker 1: thirty miles per hour. According to the deceased own wishes, 54 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:41,920 Speaker 1: the offending cass Wary and around a hundred other specimens 55 00:03:41,960 --> 00:03:44,640 Speaker 1: of exotic wildlife owned by the man are all being 56 00:03:44,640 --> 00:03:48,000 Speaker 1: auctioned off. Get your bids in, but keep in mind 57 00:03:48,440 --> 00:03:50,360 Speaker 1: if you want to get into the cast wary game. 58 00:03:50,640 --> 00:03:53,680 Speaker 1: Florida limits ownership of the birds to those with prior 59 00:03:53,800 --> 00:03:58,080 Speaker 1: cast wary experience. Here's another cool bird story. It's about 60 00:03:58,120 --> 00:04:03,840 Speaker 1: a lazing albatrouse named Wisdom. Wisdom the albatross nest every 61 00:04:03,920 --> 00:04:07,800 Speaker 1: year on Midway Aptole. Midway Atoll is a two point 62 00:04:07,880 --> 00:04:12,840 Speaker 1: four square mile piece of coral about midway between North 63 00:04:12,880 --> 00:04:17,640 Speaker 1: America and Asia. Of all the world's albatross species nest 64 00:04:17,640 --> 00:04:22,160 Speaker 1: there well. Wisdom was first banded on that island back 65 00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:27,120 Speaker 1: in At that time, she was an estimated five years old. 66 00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:32,000 Speaker 1: Las and albatross are wide ranging birds, and Wisdom has 67 00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:36,200 Speaker 1: probably traveled around three million miles in her lifetime. She's 68 00:04:36,279 --> 00:04:39,760 Speaker 1: currently a whopping sixty eight years old, making her the 69 00:04:39,800 --> 00:04:44,520 Speaker 1: oldest known wild bird in the world, and she's still 70 00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:48,240 Speaker 1: rearing chicks. There could be older birds, for sure, but 71 00:04:48,320 --> 00:04:51,560 Speaker 1: we haven't heard from them until we do. Hats off 72 00:04:51,560 --> 00:04:57,360 Speaker 1: to Wisdom, quick news hit on street pigeons or Columbo Olibya. 73 00:04:57,600 --> 00:05:01,760 Speaker 1: Municipalities have attempted to eradicate these birds across the country, 74 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:06,360 Speaker 1: but they do have their admirers. Armando, an uncommonly fast 75 00:05:06,400 --> 00:05:10,400 Speaker 1: homing pigeon, which is the same thing taxonomically speaking as 76 00:05:10,440 --> 00:05:15,360 Speaker 1: a street pigeon, just fetched one point four million dollars 77 00:05:15,400 --> 00:05:18,960 Speaker 1: at auction. That's a lot of scratch. Now, according to 78 00:05:18,960 --> 00:05:21,200 Speaker 1: the Chinese calendar, we're in the Year of the Pig, 79 00:05:21,320 --> 00:05:22,920 Speaker 1: but if you listen to the news, you might think 80 00:05:22,960 --> 00:05:25,880 Speaker 1: we're in the Year of the cat. I feel compelled 81 00:05:25,920 --> 00:05:28,440 Speaker 1: here to point out that cats taste a lot like pig, 82 00:05:28,520 --> 00:05:32,480 Speaker 1: but that's for another discussion. This year, Washington State had 83 00:05:32,480 --> 00:05:35,960 Speaker 1: its first ever case in state history of a mountain 84 00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:39,120 Speaker 1: lion killing a human being. Oregon had its first case 85 00:05:39,160 --> 00:05:41,839 Speaker 1: of a mountain lion killing a human in over ninety years. 86 00:05:42,320 --> 00:05:45,120 Speaker 1: We all heard about the jogger in Colorado who strangled 87 00:05:45,120 --> 00:05:47,400 Speaker 1: the young mountain lion that attacked him while he was 88 00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:51,360 Speaker 1: running well. Another Colorado man recently made the news by 89 00:05:51,400 --> 00:05:54,560 Speaker 1: bringing home a mountain lion kitten and feeding at bratwurst. 90 00:05:54,680 --> 00:05:57,000 Speaker 1: He posted it on social media where he said he 91 00:05:57,000 --> 00:06:00,400 Speaker 1: released it, but wildlife officials found out still living in 92 00:06:00,400 --> 00:06:03,719 Speaker 1: the home and not doing well speaking at house cats. 93 00:06:04,760 --> 00:06:07,880 Speaker 1: I study published in two thousand thirteen at the Smithsonian 94 00:06:07,960 --> 00:06:11,560 Speaker 1: Conservation Biology Institute in conjunction with the US Fish and 95 00:06:11,560 --> 00:06:16,440 Speaker 1: Wildlife Service found that outdoor cats that's both feral cats 96 00:06:16,520 --> 00:06:18,479 Speaker 1: and pet cats that you let out at your home 97 00:06:18,480 --> 00:06:21,719 Speaker 1: at night, killed two point four billion birds a year 98 00:06:21,760 --> 00:06:25,279 Speaker 1: in the US, making Tabby the leading human cause source 99 00:06:25,640 --> 00:06:28,760 Speaker 1: of bird mortality in the country. The International Union for 100 00:06:28,800 --> 00:06:32,480 Speaker 1: the Conservation of Nature i u c N lists house 101 00:06:32,520 --> 00:06:35,920 Speaker 1: cats as one of the world's most harmful invasive species. 102 00:06:36,160 --> 00:06:39,960 Speaker 1: How harmful. U c N has directly linked outdoor cats 103 00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:44,000 Speaker 1: to the eradication of sixty three species of birds, reptiles, 104 00:06:44,200 --> 00:06:47,120 Speaker 1: and small mammals worldwide. I don't care if you live 105 00:06:47,160 --> 00:06:49,400 Speaker 1: down the street from the most bird hunting bird hunter 106 00:06:49,480 --> 00:06:52,120 Speaker 1: in the world. That hunter has less of an impact 107 00:06:52,200 --> 00:06:54,720 Speaker 1: on birds in the US than the neighbor letting their 108 00:06:54,720 --> 00:06:57,279 Speaker 1: cat out at night. The situation with house cats is 109 00:06:57,320 --> 00:07:00,000 Speaker 1: so bad in Australia that the government there is attempt 110 00:07:00,160 --> 00:07:03,039 Speaker 1: to kill two million feral house cats in that country. 111 00:07:03,160 --> 00:07:05,400 Speaker 1: They're paying bounties on cats and part of the plan 112 00:07:05,520 --> 00:07:08,720 Speaker 1: involves dropping poison sausages from the air. No word on 113 00:07:08,880 --> 00:07:12,120 Speaker 1: whether they'll be using bratwurst on British Columbia, where the 114 00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:16,120 Speaker 1: anti hunting organization Defenders of Wildlife are campaigning and all 115 00:07:16,280 --> 00:07:20,200 Speaker 1: cat hunting in British Columbia. That's Mount Lion, Linx and Bobcat, 116 00:07:20,280 --> 00:07:22,360 Speaker 1: which are all stable and thriving. I think it's a 117 00:07:22,360 --> 00:07:25,880 Speaker 1: bad move and unnecessary, but Defenders of Wildlife are doing 118 00:07:25,880 --> 00:07:28,680 Speaker 1: one thing I agree with. Along with Sierra Club, they're 119 00:07:28,720 --> 00:07:31,880 Speaker 1: part of the lawsuit against Grand Teton National Park. Grand 120 00:07:31,880 --> 00:07:35,640 Speaker 1: Teton is located outside Jackson Hold, Wyoming. The lawsuit is 121 00:07:35,680 --> 00:07:38,240 Speaker 1: aimed at forcing them to end the elk feeding program. 122 00:07:38,520 --> 00:07:41,760 Speaker 1: Why stop feeding? Feeding stations cause animals to group together 123 00:07:41,800 --> 00:07:45,440 Speaker 1: in unnaturally high densities, making the situation perfect for the 124 00:07:45,440 --> 00:07:49,360 Speaker 1: spread of wildlife diseases. Last year, a road killed mule 125 00:07:49,360 --> 00:07:53,080 Speaker 1: deer found inside Ground Teton National Park tested positive for 126 00:07:53,160 --> 00:07:56,440 Speaker 1: chronic wasting disease. C w D has now been found 127 00:07:56,480 --> 00:07:59,640 Speaker 1: in twenty six states and poses a serious risk to 128 00:07:59,760 --> 00:08:02,960 Speaker 1: deer and elk. It's time we started taking CWD way 129 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:05,800 Speaker 1: more seriously than we have been. Now back to cats, 130 00:08:05,960 --> 00:08:07,920 Speaker 1: where we're gonna linger for the rest of the episode. 131 00:08:08,480 --> 00:08:11,000 Speaker 1: A couple of teens in Texas, Houston to be exact, 132 00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:14,120 Speaker 1: slipped into an abandoned house to smoke some weed as 133 00:08:14,200 --> 00:08:16,960 Speaker 1: team they want to do, and found it inside a 134 00:08:17,120 --> 00:08:20,680 Speaker 1: genuine tiger locked up in a cage in the garage. 135 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:24,800 Speaker 1: I can imagine them thinking, am I really baked? Or 136 00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:28,400 Speaker 1: is that a tiger? Well it was, and the kids 137 00:08:28,440 --> 00:08:31,160 Speaker 1: did the right thing, called the cops. The officers found 138 00:08:31,160 --> 00:08:34,199 Speaker 1: the cap, got it fed, watered, and released it back 139 00:08:34,280 --> 00:08:38,560 Speaker 1: into the Texas night just kidding. The tiger was taken 140 00:08:38,559 --> 00:08:41,160 Speaker 1: to a facility to be cared for. Texas is home 141 00:08:41,160 --> 00:08:44,440 Speaker 1: to an estimated five to seven thousand tigers, so many 142 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:47,480 Speaker 1: they don't exactly know how many of there are. Remember 143 00:08:47,640 --> 00:08:51,120 Speaker 1: this is Texas where recently in the DFW they found 144 00:08:51,120 --> 00:08:53,160 Speaker 1: a wallaby walk in the street and caught a guy 145 00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:56,160 Speaker 1: with a bucket full of live Asian swamp eels. Charges 146 00:08:56,240 --> 00:08:59,120 Speaker 1: pending for the eels apparently eels or where they draw 147 00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:02,439 Speaker 1: the line down there? Up in Montana, a bobcat recently 148 00:09:02,440 --> 00:09:05,240 Speaker 1: walked into a bar and butte and had stomach parasites 149 00:09:05,240 --> 00:09:07,199 Speaker 1: and need to be put down. Not sure if it 150 00:09:07,280 --> 00:09:10,440 Speaker 1: described to that old wives tale about whiskey fixing up 151 00:09:10,440 --> 00:09:13,360 Speaker 1: problems with creepy Crawley's in your gut, But if you've 152 00:09:13,400 --> 00:09:16,360 Speaker 1: ever been to Bute, I'm sure you're having no problem 153 00:09:16,400 --> 00:09:19,319 Speaker 1: believing the truth of this story. It's not surprising that 154 00:09:19,360 --> 00:09:21,199 Speaker 1: a cat can make it from the wilderness to a 155 00:09:21,280 --> 00:09:23,960 Speaker 1: city bar considering this story about a mount lion that 156 00:09:24,040 --> 00:09:26,600 Speaker 1: was killed by a car in Connecticut back in two 157 00:09:26,679 --> 00:09:29,719 Speaker 1: thousand eleven. Well this year, we finally learned that that 158 00:09:29,800 --> 00:09:32,920 Speaker 1: cat was almost certainly from South Dakota and traveled over 159 00:09:33,040 --> 00:09:36,360 Speaker 1: fifteen hundred miles from its original home to its place 160 00:09:36,400 --> 00:09:39,560 Speaker 1: of death. Genetic and forensic evidence suggests that it left 161 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:43,680 Speaker 1: South Dakota and traveled up through Michigan's Upper Peninsula into Canada, 162 00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:46,439 Speaker 1: and then backed down into the Eastern US. The cat 163 00:09:46,480 --> 00:09:49,080 Speaker 1: was packing a load of porcupine quills in its skin 164 00:09:49,240 --> 00:09:51,800 Speaker 1: when it died about an hour's drive from New York City. 165 00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:55,320 Speaker 1: Speaking of cities, l A and Mumbai have something strange 166 00:09:55,360 --> 00:09:58,800 Speaker 1: and common. Both places are categorized as mega cities, meaning 167 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:01,840 Speaker 1: they have over ten llion residents and bull cities have 168 00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:05,640 Speaker 1: large predators living within city limits. L A has the 169 00:10:05,679 --> 00:10:09,920 Speaker 1: mountain lion, Mumbai the leopard, and estimated forty one leopards 170 00:10:09,960 --> 00:10:13,079 Speaker 1: live in Mumbai, residing in a forty square mile area 171 00:10:13,160 --> 00:10:16,240 Speaker 1: encompassed by Sanjay Gandhi National Park. The park has a 172 00:10:16,240 --> 00:10:19,880 Speaker 1: full time human population of two fifty thousand people in 173 00:10:19,920 --> 00:10:22,680 Speaker 1: addition to being one of the most visited parks in 174 00:10:22,720 --> 00:10:25,520 Speaker 1: the world. The l a cat population is a little 175 00:10:25,559 --> 00:10:28,040 Speaker 1: more disjointed. The cats are broken into what are known 176 00:10:28,120 --> 00:10:31,600 Speaker 1: as island ecosystems in the Santa Monica Mountains. The Santa 177 00:10:31,640 --> 00:10:35,000 Speaker 1: Monica Mountains are surrounded by dense human populations and some 178 00:10:35,080 --> 00:10:38,240 Speaker 1: of the busiest highway and interstate systems in the US, 179 00:10:38,280 --> 00:10:40,800 Speaker 1: so think of them as islands of habitat in a 180 00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:44,240 Speaker 1: sea of people. The blacktail deer represents over nine of 181 00:10:44,280 --> 00:10:47,240 Speaker 1: the diet of these lions, with coyotes, foxes, and the 182 00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:51,320 Speaker 1: occasional domestic critter like a goat, sheep, ostrich or lama 183 00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:54,760 Speaker 1: mixed in and house cats. In turn, the predator of 184 00:10:54,760 --> 00:10:57,880 Speaker 1: mountain lions is mountain lions. The second top predator of 185 00:10:57,880 --> 00:11:01,920 Speaker 1: mountain lions are humans via are automobiles. Cats get hit 186 00:11:02,040 --> 00:11:05,400 Speaker 1: on the highway. Here's where these causes of mortality get interesting, 187 00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:08,120 Speaker 1: and that they're linked. Dominant males want to make sure 188 00:11:08,160 --> 00:11:11,480 Speaker 1: that their own individual genes get passed along as much 189 00:11:11,520 --> 00:11:14,720 Speaker 1: as possible. They kill Kitton's probably in order to bring 190 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:18,199 Speaker 1: the female mother back into sexual receptivity, and they kill 191 00:11:18,280 --> 00:11:22,280 Speaker 1: subordinate males to diminish competition. In order for young mountain 192 00:11:22,280 --> 00:11:24,400 Speaker 1: lions to make it, they often need to find their 193 00:11:24,440 --> 00:11:27,640 Speaker 1: own territory, which means striking out for new ground. But 194 00:11:27,760 --> 00:11:32,880 Speaker 1: remember those highways. That's right deadly for migrating cats. Mount 195 00:11:32,960 --> 00:11:35,800 Speaker 1: lions are having an extremely difficult time getting across the 196 00:11:35,880 --> 00:11:38,120 Speaker 1: highways of l A. Take the case of a mountain 197 00:11:38,120 --> 00:11:40,800 Speaker 1: lion named P. Twenty two who lives in Griffith Park, 198 00:11:41,040 --> 00:11:43,880 Speaker 1: where the famous Hollywood sign sits. The park is only 199 00:11:43,920 --> 00:11:46,400 Speaker 1: six and a half square miles. P twenty two doesn't 200 00:11:46,480 --> 00:11:49,080 Speaker 1: leave it. Compare that to the mount lion who traveled 201 00:11:49,160 --> 00:11:52,679 Speaker 1: fift miles from South Dakota to Connecticut, and take into 202 00:11:52,760 --> 00:11:56,040 Speaker 1: consideration that both these male cats are interested in the 203 00:11:56,080 --> 00:11:59,880 Speaker 1: exact same things food and cats are the opposite sex. 204 00:12:00,280 --> 00:12:03,200 Speaker 1: To find those things, these l A cats need greater 205 00:12:03,280 --> 00:12:06,800 Speaker 1: connectivity with both habitat and mountain lions outside of the city. 206 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:08,800 Speaker 1: They need a way to roam, to come and go. 207 00:12:09,040 --> 00:12:11,240 Speaker 1: This would give young mountain lions a chance to find 208 00:12:11,240 --> 00:12:13,920 Speaker 1: their own territories, and it would allow for some much 209 00:12:13,960 --> 00:12:17,800 Speaker 1: needed genetic diversity from new mountain lions coming in. Currently, 210 00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:20,760 Speaker 1: the cats in this area are breeding with cousins and 211 00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:24,840 Speaker 1: siblings and their own young, which creates major problems. That's 212 00:12:24,840 --> 00:12:28,160 Speaker 1: why there have been repeated efforts to establish a wildlife 213 00:12:28,200 --> 00:12:31,560 Speaker 1: corridor in the forum of an overpass over the one 214 00:12:31,559 --> 00:12:34,360 Speaker 1: oh one. The next time that issue comes up, I 215 00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:37,320 Speaker 1: say vote for it. Get that thing funded. I've been 216 00:12:37,360 --> 00:12:39,480 Speaker 1: to l A and you folks could use a little 217 00:12:39,480 --> 00:12:42,520 Speaker 1: more connectivity. Thanks for listening. To be sure to subscribe 218 00:12:42,679 --> 00:12:45,760 Speaker 1: to talk to you next week.