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Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, it's your old pal Josh for this week's select.

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Speaker 1: I've chosen Does the body replace itself every seven years?

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Speaker 1: Sounds like a medical episode, and it kind of is.

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Speaker 1: But after a little while it turns into a brainbuster

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Speaker 1: of a head scratcher of a philosophical bent that I

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Speaker 1: think you're gonna love. I hope you enjoy the living.

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Speaker 2: Heck out of it.

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Speaker 3: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 1: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with

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Speaker 1: Charles W. Chuck Bryant and guest producer.

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Speaker 2: Nol Knowle's in the house.

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Speaker 1: It's the it in the new studio. Yeah, man, this

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Speaker 1: place is comfy, cozy. I like it.

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Speaker 3: I wish I'm I don't know, I wish there was

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Speaker 3: a chair version of a waterbed.

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Speaker 1: I know this is a napish little place.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, especially today, I think I'm dragging all apologies.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, same here. So if we're talking kind of slow

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Speaker 1: or low, or we just stopped talking for a little while,

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Speaker 1: it's we're as tired.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, bumped into you at the Hawks game last night.

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Speaker 1: I know, Hey, how many is that?

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Speaker 2: You know? Yeah, just at the bump in yep.

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Speaker 1: We were both at the Hawks gaming and the Hawks.

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Speaker 3: One didn't even know we were going. Look over in line,

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Speaker 3: there's Josh and Yumi. Yeah that's great. There's Chuck and Eddie.

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Speaker 3: Yep in an arena of eighteen thousand bumping into someone?

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Speaker 2: Is that it?

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Speaker 1: That's all it holds?

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Speaker 2: I think it's something like that. It's a good lot

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Speaker 2: of people.

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Speaker 1: It's a good arena.

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Speaker 2: Yeah. But you had box seats because you're special.

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Speaker 1: They were free out.

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Speaker 2: Mine were free to in. The nose bleeds.

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Speaker 1: I liked just about every seat in that place.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it's not too bad. I was.

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Speaker 3: I was laughing about the nosebleeds going in, But then

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Speaker 3: I got up there.

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Speaker 2: I was like, this is great. Yeah you can see everything.

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Speaker 1: Did you nose actually bleed just twice?

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Speaker 3: Yeah, once out of its sheer excitement and then once

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Speaker 3: from the altitude and that was more of a spray,

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Speaker 3: rightah yeah.

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Speaker 1: Just covering everyone that was like go Hawks.

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Speaker 2: Boy, what a weird intro.

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Speaker 1: It's a little weird, but I mean it kind of

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Speaker 1: jibes a little bit because we're talking. Yeah you're mentioning blood.

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Speaker 2: Sure, it was shedding cells and blood.

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Speaker 1: You were like, blood is made up of cells and

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Speaker 1: we shed tons of cells. But before we get to that, right,

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Speaker 1: there's the fact that the podcast you shed cells. I

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Speaker 1: want to mention this one thing I read. Yeah, it's

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Speaker 1: called I think the title of the article is the

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Speaker 1: Self is Moral. It's about like where we get our

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Speaker 1: identity of self from, like where it's rooted. It was

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Speaker 1: written by a person named Nina Stromyer. I believe it

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Speaker 1: was on AON magazine. Yeah, just type in the self

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Speaker 1: is Moral aon it'll come up.

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Speaker 2: I'll get you there.

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Speaker 1: Uh. And towards the beginning, the author says, there's this

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Speaker 1: very famous philosophical exercise, which you know, philosophers love to do,

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Speaker 1: like mental exercises.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, that's what that's all they hashened.

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Speaker 1: So imagine you have like a kind of imagine you

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Speaker 1: have like a ship, right, like a boat. Yeah, a

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Speaker 1: nice Yankee clipper, okay, okay. And this Yankee clipper is slowly,

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Speaker 1: over time kind of salvage for parts. But rather than

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Speaker 1: just being stripped, like every time a part is taken out,

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Speaker 1: it's replaced, and then over the course of like fifty

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Speaker 1: one hundred years, is each plank, as each bolt, as

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Speaker 1: each like mast head, even the thing. The carved lady

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Speaker 1: in front eventually just gets replaced with something else.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, a new carved lady that speaks of the time.

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Speaker 1: Right, you know? Is it still though, after every single

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Speaker 1: part has been replaced, the same ship that it was before?

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Speaker 2: Yeah? I see what you mean. I don't think that

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Speaker 2: can be possible.

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Speaker 1: Why not, especially if it has the same name and

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Speaker 1: it's the same ship in the same place as before.

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Speaker 1: It was just slowly, over time moved out. True, where

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Speaker 1: does the self lie?

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Speaker 3: Yeah, that's a good point, man, Like redoing a house,

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Speaker 3: same thing, Yeah, I mean, like they saw the floors

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Speaker 3: and the walls and the windows, Like, when does it

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Speaker 3: cease to become that same house that was built in

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Speaker 3: nineteen thirty exactly.

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Speaker 1: Isn't that cool?

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Speaker 2: Yeah? It is really cool.

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Speaker 1: And the reason that it applies to this episode is because,

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Speaker 1: over the course of your lifetime, a significant portion, pretty

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Speaker 1: much all of the cells in your body are going

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Speaker 1: to be replaced. Yeah, so that the person even after

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Speaker 1: you reach your adult self. Yeah, physically, by the time

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Speaker 1: you die, assuming you're gonna die much later, you are

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Speaker 1: essentially a different person, at least on the cellular level.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, thirty seven trillion cells.

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Speaker 1: Ish that's how many we have.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, that's what they estimate. And I did a little

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Speaker 2: looking into.

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Speaker 1: Lifespans, like an estimate.

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Speaker 2: Thirty seven trillion. Yeah, what do you want like to

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Speaker 2: like give or take?

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I did a little research into lifespans just because

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Speaker 3: this all sort of comes back to like your death basically,

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Speaker 3: because that's all death is, is your your cells, you know,

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Speaker 3: dying little by little.

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Speaker 1: Well yeah, I mean if you think about it, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: one of the things that.

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Speaker 2: Like why do we die?

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Speaker 3: If our we'll get to all that, Oh okay, but

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Speaker 3: it's intriguing, you know it is it started, you know,

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Speaker 3: questions started popping up. So apparently we gained about three

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Speaker 3: months every three months of life humanity every year that

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Speaker 3: we progress.

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Speaker 1: Like the average life span spans by three months.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, Like if you were born in twenty twelve, the

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Speaker 3: average lifespan is now and this is the United States,

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Speaker 3: is seventy eight point eight. If you were born in

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Speaker 3: nineteen oh one, it was about forty seven and fifty

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Speaker 3: years for men and women respectively. But if you look

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Speaker 3: at the ratio, it's still about three months. Despite all

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Speaker 3: our technologies, three months a year, every year, every year.

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Speaker 1: Just slowly creeping along.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, because I think the article it was like when

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Speaker 3: we're going to live to be one hundred by average,

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Speaker 3: and they say by the year twenty one hundred, if

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Speaker 3: things hold, then the average human or American will be

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Speaker 3: about one hundred years old.

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Speaker 1: I thought that, so I guess that will if things

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Speaker 1: are steadily progressing. I had heard that like our generation

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Speaker 1: would be either the last or the first, the last

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Speaker 1: to not hit triple digits or the first two on average. Yeah.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I guess these are all gases, you know, so

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Speaker 3: who knows. Plus if you believe in like things speeding science,

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Speaker 3: speeding up?

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Speaker 1: Yeah, what is that? Moore's law?

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Speaker 2: Yeah? Is that it? Yeah, applied to computers, so in

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Speaker 2: that case.

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Speaker 1: Right, right, but I mean you cantend it other stuff.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, then you might think, you know it's it's but

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Speaker 3: you know, they say it's not increasing like that.

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Speaker 2: No, at least not so far.

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Speaker 1: Moore's law is exponential growth just adding three months every

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Speaker 1: year's yeah, non exponentials geometric. I think we're still at

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Speaker 1: non exponential growth definitely. Yeah, we're just adding three months. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's not bad though, that's pretty good average every four years.

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Speaker 3: It's an extra year, yeah, well, and it's interesting to

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Speaker 3: think about. You know, people that were born you know,

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Speaker 3: a lot of our colleagues like eight years behind us,

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Speaker 3: are going to live an average of.

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Speaker 2: Two years longer.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, that seems unfair, sad.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I know, what did they do to.

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Speaker 1: Observe that we're we're thinking about our own deaths today? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and chuck that there's this rumor theory, legend maybe okay,

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Speaker 1: that your body regenerates itself ninety percent of your body

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Speaker 1: regenerates itself every year.

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Speaker 2: Yeah that's not true.

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Speaker 1: No, it's not true, but it was a very long

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Speaker 1: standing rumor, and it was actually based on science. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: you know, not just the idea that, oh yeah, ourselves regenerate.

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Speaker 1: So back of the envelope estimate is that, you know,

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Speaker 1: we regenerate ninety five or ninety eight percent of ourselves

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Speaker 1: every year. It was early experimentation by injecting radioactive isotopes

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Speaker 1: into human beings, yeah, and then following their course and

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Speaker 1: then making estimates based on that led to this idea.

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Speaker 3: It's called pulse labeling, is it. It's like tagging an

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Speaker 3: animal in the wild basically.

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Speaker 1: Right, but you're just tagging a cell.

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Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 1: The specific types of cells.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, they don't do that to humans anymore. No, it's

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Speaker 3: very animals. I think it's a very dumb thing to do.

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Speaker 2: Sure, injecting radiation exactly.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, unless, of course, you know it's radiation treatment that's true,

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Speaker 3: which is still a really weird thing if you think

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Speaker 3: about it.

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Speaker 1: It's Yeah. I have a feeling it's gonna be like

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Speaker 1: one of the things we look back on.

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Speaker 2: As like a primitive treatment. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I hope so.

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Speaker 1: But there was this long standing science for decades or

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Speaker 1: this idea, scientific idea that we regenerated ourselves by ninety

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Speaker 1: five ninety eight percent. Finally, and I think two thousand

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Speaker 1: and five there was a a researcher named doctor Jonas Friesen.

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Speaker 1: He's Swedish.

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Speaker 2: Dude's awesome.

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Speaker 1: He said, this whole urban legend is really bringing me down.

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Speaker 1: I want to figure out a way to really track

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Speaker 1: how often the human body regenerates itself.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, and the biggest question has been the brain, specifically

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Speaker 3: the cerebral cortex and the heart and the heart muscles.

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Speaker 3: I mean, they want to know all this stuff, but

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Speaker 3: those were the two biggest mysteries.

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Speaker 1: I think, right, there's still the mysteries, but if you

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Speaker 1: went back to prior to two thousand and five, in

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Speaker 1: doctor Friesan's research, it was all a mystery. Yeah, he

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Speaker 1: figured out. He basically put a very act curate time

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Speaker 1: stamp on how often human tissue and human cells regenerate themselves. Right,

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Speaker 1: So the way he did this is very clever. For

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Speaker 1: a long time, botanists knew that the trees around the

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Speaker 1: world contained a spike of carbon fourteen radiation.

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Speaker 2: Yes, thanks to humans and nuclear bombs.

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Speaker 1: Exactly from nineteen fifty four to nineteen sixty three, tree

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Speaker 1: rings for tree growth around the world show a big

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Speaker 1: spike in carbon fourteen. Carbon fourteen is naturally occurring too,

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Speaker 1: So like just cosmic rays from the sun bombarred Earth's

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Speaker 1: atmosphere and create radioactive isotopes by knocking electrons from particles

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Speaker 1: in Earth's atmosphere, right, those radioactive particles become carbon fourteen,

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Speaker 1: which is radioactive, and in the atmosphere, carbon fourteen binds

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Speaker 1: to oxygen and creates carbon dioxide, which comes to Earth.

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Speaker 1: Every living thing breathes this stuff in, whether it's a plant,

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Speaker 1: whether it's a human like we just have see fourteen

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Speaker 1: in our bodies.

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Speaker 3: We also eat plants exactly contain the sea fourteen besides

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Speaker 3: breathing it in.

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Speaker 1: And we also eat the animals that eat the plants

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Speaker 1: that in just see fourteen. Right, So like we got

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Speaker 1: carbon fourteen in our bodies, that's right. But because of

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Speaker 1: the spike in carbon fourteen that was introduced to the

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Speaker 1: atmosphere from nuclear testing, there is a spike in humans

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Speaker 1: as well. So you can roughly age like a human

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Speaker 1: compared to another human if they were born in say

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Speaker 1: nineteen fifty nine, and one who was born in nineteen

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Speaker 1: seventy after there was that spike of carbon fourteen had

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Speaker 1: gone away. Right, that's pretty cool. But what doctor Friesen

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Speaker 1: did is even cooler. He basically went back to those

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Speaker 1: tree trunks, those tree rings that show a spike in

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Speaker 1: carbon fourteen, and created a calendar of carbon fourteen decay

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Speaker 1: and basically said, okay, on this date, this is how

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Speaker 1: much carbon fourteen was on Earth. And if I take

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Speaker 1: this cell and compare it, knowing that carbon fourteen decays

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Speaker 1: at a constant rate, I can tell you exactly how

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Speaker 1: old this cell is exactly. And he used it to

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Speaker 1: date cells and tissues and all sorts of cool stuff.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, he was He went looking for a marker, and

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Speaker 3: he found one due to our atomic testing program, which

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Speaker 3: is pretty weird. You just released all that junk in

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Speaker 3: the atmosphere and now all these years later it has

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Speaker 3: a nice use.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, you know it does.

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Speaker 3: So we now know when we're going to die, right

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Speaker 3: sort of. And the reason he was able to use

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Speaker 3: this as a marker, Chuckers, is that when you take a.

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Speaker 1: Breath of life, your first breath of life, that's right,

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Speaker 1: and you get some you get some of that C

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Speaker 1: fourteen into your DNA, and a steady amount stays in there,

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Speaker 1: like you don't keep ingesting C fourteen as far as

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Speaker 1: I understand, as far as your DNA goes, Oh okay,

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Speaker 1: once it's in your DNA, as your cells divide, that

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Speaker 1: original amount becomes divided evenly. So the less C fourteen

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Speaker 1: that's in tissue, the older that cell line is. Where

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Speaker 1: then the younger the actual cells are. Right, Is that right?

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Speaker 3: I think so, which would mean the new cell the

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Speaker 3: marker would be a fresh batch of the C fourteen.

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Speaker 1: No, it have less C fourteen.

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Speaker 3: Oh really, yeah, let's say you have because the cell divided, yes, exactly, Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Like you have ten grams of C fourteen, which you don't.

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Speaker 1: I can't imagine what that would be. Like. Let's say

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Speaker 1: your your one cell that's never divided has ten Yeah,

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Speaker 1: when it into two, it's each of those two cells

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Speaker 1: is going to have five grand and then two and

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Speaker 1: a half, and then one point seventy five and so

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Speaker 1: on and so on. So since you know that C

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Speaker 1: fourteen is generated at a constant rate, you know that

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Speaker 1: it decays at a half life of fifty seven hundred

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Speaker 1: and thirty years, you can look at the amount of

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Speaker 1: C fourteen and then also the decay of it as well. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: you can date things that are no longer living too,

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Speaker 1: to see when the when they ingested that C fourteen.

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Speaker 3: Was Yeah, he's a little like a bingo card. He

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Speaker 3: just from the calendar that he made with the trees,

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Speaker 3: and he holds it up in the light, and that's

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Speaker 3: how he determines it.

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Speaker 2: It's not true.

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Speaker 3: But what he did determine though, was which is really cool,

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Speaker 3: And this is sort of what we've been building toward,

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Speaker 3: is that most of your cells are about seven to

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Speaker 3: ten years old, yes, in the body, and there are variances,

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Speaker 3: and of course we're going to talk about all that,

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Speaker 3: and right after this break, we're going to give you

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Speaker 3: a little primer on cells.

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Speaker 2: So you know what all this means.

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Speaker 3: Right, All right, Josh, were promised to sell primer, and

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Speaker 3: we like to deliver on those promises.

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Speaker 2: Here stuff you should know.

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Speaker 3: So I guess we started off by saying there are

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Speaker 3: thirty seven trillion cells about in the human body. Yeah,

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Speaker 3: give or take, give or take, and water makes up

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Speaker 3: about two thirds of.

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Speaker 2: The weight of those cells. Oh yeah, that's right. They're tiny.

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Speaker 3: You need a microscope to see them, and it's like

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Speaker 3: it's the tiniest thing that can still reproduce.

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Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 3: And even though we have many different kinds of cells,

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Speaker 3: I think two hundred types, and within those cells there

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Speaker 3: are differences, but there are a lot of similarities with

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Speaker 3: all cells in their structure. Namely, they have a cell membrane,

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Speaker 3: they have a nucleus, have a nucleus, some have more

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Speaker 3: than one. And these membranes are what allows nutrients to

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Speaker 3: pass in and out, waste to pass out water through

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Speaker 3: osmosis travels in reverse, osmosis travels out.

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Speaker 1: Yeah.

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Speaker 3: And what else, We got your mitochondria as well. That's

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Speaker 3: where this is the important, really important thing, which is

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Speaker 3: basically what keeps your cells alive.

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Speaker 1: That's the power center, right.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, and that's you know, your cells need food to

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Speaker 3: live just like your body does. But you can't pass

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Speaker 3: that that hamburger straight into your cell, right. It needs

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Speaker 3: to be broken down so your cell can use.

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Speaker 1: It exactly into what adenosne triphosphate ATP is like the

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Speaker 1: universal cell fuel, right.

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Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So there's a lot of stuff that the body does make.

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Speaker 1: I think you need like twenty three I think you

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Speaker 1: need twenty three amino acids, and like nine of them

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Speaker 1: your body doesn't really manufacture. So those are the nine

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Speaker 1: non essential amino acids, right. And you use amino acids

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Speaker 1: to build proteins, and use proteins for everything from making muscles,

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Speaker 1: to making red blood cells to you're mounting and immune response.

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Speaker 1: Proteins are very very vital in some of them you

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Speaker 1: have to build by eating stuff from your environment, right.

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Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So you go out and you find yourself a nice

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Speaker 1: pig and you cut off its back leg. You say, sorry, pig,

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Speaker 1: here's a pig leg for you. But I need this leg.

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna eat this leg. And what I'm really eating

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Speaker 1: is the muscle. What I'm really really eating is the glutamine. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and in my body's going to take this glutamine. It

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Speaker 1: can make it itself. But it doesn't hurt to have

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Speaker 1: an extra little bit of glutamine.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it does to have that pig leg And you're

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Speaker 2: exactly right.

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Speaker 1: So I'm chomping on the pig legs. The pigs must

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Speaker 1: and listeners by the way, right, just use your imagination

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Speaker 1: for a second. Sure, And yes, I'm sorry too. So

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Speaker 1: you're eating the pig like and you're gaining this glutamine

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Speaker 1: as a result, and your body's metabolizing the glutamine and

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Speaker 1: then reusing it, right, And it can be glutamine, it

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Speaker 1: can be anything. If we're ingesting a protein, if we're

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Speaker 1: ingesting amino acids, if we're eating any kind of food, sugars, whatever,

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Speaker 1: our bodies break it down into its constituent parts, and

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Speaker 1: then a lot of those constituent parts become part of

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Speaker 1: our bodies. So if you think about it in this sense,

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Speaker 1: when we eat, when we breathe, we're taking in stuff

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Speaker 1: we need from the environment, and that stuff that we

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Speaker 1: take in from the environment becomes a part of us

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Speaker 1: literally physically on the molecular level, it becomes a part

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Speaker 1: of us.

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Speaker 2: For better or worse, depending on what it is. Of course.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, that's a great I think that's ultimately one of

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Speaker 1: the side lessons of this whole thing is we should

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Speaker 1: take care of ourvironment because that environment becomes us and

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Speaker 1: we either suffer or thrive as a result of it.

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Speaker 2: You ever heard the expression you are what you eat?

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Speaker 1: Exactly?

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Speaker 2: Know, you literally are what.

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Speaker 1: You eat, quite literally. And then also chuck, it goes

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Speaker 1: the other way as well. When we excrete waste, when

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Speaker 1: we exhale CO two that's taken up by other things

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Speaker 1: in the environment, is deposited into the environment and it

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Speaker 1: becomes part of the environment itself. So not only do

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Speaker 1: we regenerate our cells, regenerate tissue on average seven to

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Speaker 1: ten years, become almost wholly a new version of ourselves.

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Speaker 1: Were also the boundary between us and the surrounding environment

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Speaker 1: is really nonexistent because there's a constant exchange of molecules.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, we lose on average, they say nine the average

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Speaker 3: adult male loses ninety six million cells per minute, But

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Speaker 3: we also replace those at the rate of ninety six

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Speaker 3: million per minute, yeah roughly.

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Speaker 2: Yeah. Yeah, so that's the good news.

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Speaker 1: So we've got all these cells that we're losing. We've

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Speaker 1: got all these new cells that are replacing them. And

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Speaker 1: I think, like you said earlier before the break, that

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Speaker 1: these the different types of cells and then hence different

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Speaker 1: tissues regenerate at a different rate, right.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, And they all have specialized jobs, and the cells

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Speaker 3: are often built in such a way to aid that

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Speaker 3: job physically, you know, different to make that job easier.

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Speaker 2: Which is really cool too, right, shows how versatile they are.

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Speaker 1: Yes, you know, like stem cells are very versatile.

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Speaker 2: Super.

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Speaker 1: So let's say your skin, Yeah, your skin regenerates every

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Speaker 1: two to four weeks. I think, yeah, exactly, you get

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Speaker 1: a new healthy coating of skin every two to four

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Speaker 1: weeks because you're epithal cells are particularly good at regenerating themselves.

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Speaker 3: That's right, And that is well, I guess that would

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00:21:07,960 --> 00:21:11,760
Speaker 3: fall on the low side, obviously, if we're talking seven

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Speaker 3: to ten years. On the super low side, you have

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Speaker 3: the cells that line like you're intestine in your gut,

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Speaker 3: and those things don't last long at all because it's

393
00:21:20,800 --> 00:21:23,360
Speaker 3: such a harsh environment. You know, you wouldn't expect them

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Speaker 3: to last like weeks and months and years.

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Speaker 1: I think, how long is it? Five days?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, that's nothing but the.

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00:21:29,680 --> 00:21:34,399
Speaker 1: Structure of your guts that are beneath that membrane lining

398
00:21:34,440 --> 00:21:39,320
Speaker 1: that turns over five days. They last about fifteen years.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, it's such a like a beautiful, elegant system. Yeah,

400
00:21:44,920 --> 00:21:47,879
Speaker 3: that we have right to keep us alive. Red blood

401
00:21:47,880 --> 00:21:50,880
Speaker 3: cells last about one hundred and twenty days. But then

402
00:21:50,880 --> 00:21:54,360
Speaker 3: you have things like cells in your bone which actually

403
00:21:54,640 --> 00:21:58,520
Speaker 3: regenerate as well, so your bones are over time, over

404
00:21:58,560 --> 00:22:01,879
Speaker 3: a much longer period of time, actually becoming I mean,

405
00:22:01,920 --> 00:22:04,440
Speaker 3: I hate to call them new bones, but they kind

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Speaker 3: of are, you know.

407
00:22:06,200 --> 00:22:09,360
Speaker 1: Well, yeah, I mean compare if you took your femur

408
00:22:10,720 --> 00:22:13,720
Speaker 1: and somehow compared it to your femur when you were

409
00:22:13,840 --> 00:22:17,480
Speaker 1: fifteen years old, Like, they are two totally different bones.

410
00:22:17,800 --> 00:22:20,560
Speaker 1: Even though they're your bones. They were in the same place,

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00:22:20,600 --> 00:22:23,000
Speaker 1: growing in the same person with the same DNA. There's

412
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Speaker 1: still different bones because they're made of different cells. Ten

413
00:22:27,800 --> 00:22:30,040
Speaker 1: years or so for the bones, yeah, something like that.

414
00:22:30,080 --> 00:22:33,440
Speaker 1: For the human skeleton, three hundred to five hundred days.

415
00:22:33,480 --> 00:22:37,040
Speaker 1: For the liver, very important organ it is. And one

416
00:22:37,080 --> 00:22:39,000
Speaker 1: of the other cool things about the liver is it's

417
00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:43,960
Speaker 1: just gangbusters that regenerating itself. You can apparently cut out

418
00:22:44,080 --> 00:22:47,000
Speaker 1: ninety five percent of a person's liver, and it will

419
00:22:47,040 --> 00:22:49,879
Speaker 1: grow back, and you won't have full function, but it

420
00:22:49,920 --> 00:22:54,159
Speaker 1: will function, and you'll survive with just five percent of

421
00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:54,600
Speaker 1: your liver.

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Speaker 2: It's pretty amazing, actually.

423
00:22:56,040 --> 00:22:58,439
Speaker 1: Yeah, because it will just grow right back, kind of

424
00:22:58,480 --> 00:22:59,600
Speaker 1: like a hornet's nest.

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00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:07,440
Speaker 3: Interestingly, the inner lens cells of your eye form and

426
00:23:07,480 --> 00:23:11,439
Speaker 3: your embryo and basically don't change. Yeah, now, is that

427
00:23:11,520 --> 00:23:14,679
Speaker 3: why you have suffered from degeneration and vision?

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00:23:14,760 --> 00:23:15,640
Speaker 1: That's what I would guess.

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00:23:15,720 --> 00:23:16,320
Speaker 2: Is that the reason?

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00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:19,000
Speaker 1: Yes, so the reason so with the corneal lens, Chuck.

431
00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:22,879
Speaker 1: When you're when you're born, when you're conceived, right, you

432
00:23:23,119 --> 00:23:27,440
Speaker 1: are a cell of coross that divides. Finally, once that

433
00:23:27,600 --> 00:23:32,159
Speaker 1: first division takes place, those corneal cells, they're set in stone.

434
00:23:32,760 --> 00:23:34,960
Speaker 1: Like your corneal cells are as old as you are,

435
00:23:36,119 --> 00:23:39,399
Speaker 1: same age as you. Other cells that make up different

436
00:23:39,400 --> 00:23:42,639
Speaker 1: parts of the eyes they're far newer. But your corneal cells,

437
00:23:43,200 --> 00:23:46,440
Speaker 1: your cerebral cortex cells, they think.

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00:23:46,920 --> 00:23:49,040
Speaker 3: Yeah, that's the one I mentioned. The brain and the

439
00:23:49,040 --> 00:23:51,480
Speaker 3: heart muscles, those are the two big ones. Because obviously

440
00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:57,040
Speaker 3: the reason we have diseases like Alzheimer's and dementia are

441
00:23:57,080 --> 00:24:00,919
Speaker 3: because the cerebral cortex has long a thought to not

442
00:24:01,119 --> 00:24:02,720
Speaker 3: regenerate cells at all.

443
00:24:02,960 --> 00:24:03,480
Speaker 1: Yeah.

444
00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:08,280
Speaker 3: Now I think they believe that they do in a

445
00:24:08,560 --> 00:24:09,840
Speaker 3: very small number.

446
00:24:10,119 --> 00:24:13,720
Speaker 1: Or different reasons, like the old factory bulb supposedly does. Yeah,

447
00:24:13,760 --> 00:24:16,720
Speaker 1: in the hippocampus, so we can learn new things. Their

448
00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:18,880
Speaker 1: sense of smell can be refined over time.

449
00:24:19,160 --> 00:24:20,800
Speaker 3: Yeah, And I think isn't that also the reason the

450
00:24:20,920 --> 00:24:26,240
Speaker 3: smell is very much tied to your memory, probably like

451
00:24:26,280 --> 00:24:30,840
Speaker 3: a smell can conjure up a memory more clearly. Yeah,

452
00:24:30,880 --> 00:24:34,240
Speaker 3: but the cerebral quartets itself, they don't think.

453
00:24:35,320 --> 00:24:36,120
Speaker 2: Who was her name?

454
00:24:36,359 --> 00:24:39,359
Speaker 3: Elizabeth Gould of Princeton did a lot of work on

455
00:24:39,400 --> 00:24:42,919
Speaker 3: this because it was just basically set in stone for

456
00:24:43,040 --> 00:24:45,720
Speaker 3: years like, no, it doesn't happen. And she did a

457
00:24:45,760 --> 00:24:48,600
Speaker 3: lot of work over the years trying to prove that

458
00:24:48,640 --> 00:24:52,720
Speaker 3: it did using tracer studies. And I think that where

459
00:24:52,720 --> 00:24:54,399
Speaker 3: they are now as they think it does.

460
00:24:54,280 --> 00:24:57,520
Speaker 1: Some yeah here there, here there.

461
00:24:57,280 --> 00:24:59,480
Speaker 3: But obviously we still have to mention Alzheimer, so it's

462
00:24:59,520 --> 00:25:01,880
Speaker 3: not it doesn't regenerate like the rest of the body,

463
00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:02,440
Speaker 3: not even close.

464
00:25:02,680 --> 00:25:07,040
Speaker 1: Yeah. Alzheimer's also maybe produced I guess by plaques and

465
00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:10,120
Speaker 1: member plaque build up in between your neurons that keep

466
00:25:10,160 --> 00:25:11,400
Speaker 1: them from firing as well.

467
00:25:11,520 --> 00:25:14,280
Speaker 3: Yeah, that's it seems like we're so close to figuring

468
00:25:14,280 --> 00:25:18,400
Speaker 3: out the secret, you know. Yeah, to uh, I don't

469
00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:22,760
Speaker 3: know about not dying ever. I'm not talking immortality, but

470
00:25:24,359 --> 00:25:25,960
Speaker 3: living much longer lives.

471
00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:28,680
Speaker 1: Well, let's talk about that because all of this stuff

472
00:25:29,520 --> 00:25:32,919
Speaker 1: kind of leads to that question, if we regenerate so often,

473
00:25:32,960 --> 00:25:35,840
Speaker 1: why do we die? And we'll address that right after this.

474
00:25:56,400 --> 00:26:00,399
Speaker 1: All right, So, Chuck, there's this kind of there's this

475
00:26:00,520 --> 00:26:04,080
Speaker 1: idea that if we are regenerating ourselves every seven to

476
00:26:04,119 --> 00:26:07,399
Speaker 1: ten years, we're like the vast majority of our body

477
00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:12,879
Speaker 1: cells regenerate, why do we age and why do we die?

478
00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:15,360
Speaker 1: It doesn't it doesn't really make sense in that respect.

479
00:26:15,560 --> 00:26:18,240
Speaker 3: Yeah, it's what they think is it has to do

480
00:26:18,280 --> 00:26:22,120
Speaker 3: with your DNA actually in the cell. Our cells as

481
00:26:22,160 --> 00:26:24,640
Speaker 3: we age, even the new ones that get replaced, which

482
00:26:24,640 --> 00:26:28,960
Speaker 3: really stinks, Yeah, become what they call cinicent, which means

483
00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:32,159
Speaker 3: that they can't divide any longer. We've talked about the

484
00:26:32,160 --> 00:26:38,400
Speaker 3: Hayflick limit before, or replicative centizence is basically how many

485
00:26:38,400 --> 00:26:42,199
Speaker 3: times your cells can divide over its lifetime. Yeah, and

486
00:26:42,240 --> 00:26:45,520
Speaker 3: I think like a fibroblast, which is the cells of

487
00:26:45,560 --> 00:26:49,840
Speaker 3: the connective tissue in mammals, it's about fifty cell divisions. Yeah,

488
00:26:49,880 --> 00:26:52,679
Speaker 3: and then it hits that point of centicence and it

489
00:26:52,760 --> 00:26:56,720
Speaker 3: starts sending out repair signals to your body that aren't necessary,

490
00:26:56,760 --> 00:26:58,119
Speaker 3: and that causes inflammation.

491
00:26:59,200 --> 00:27:01,320
Speaker 2: And we've talked about inflammation kind of being the.

492
00:27:01,280 --> 00:27:06,840
Speaker 3: Source of most most of the original problems that will

493
00:27:06,840 --> 00:27:07,960
Speaker 3: eventually lead to your death.

494
00:27:08,080 --> 00:27:08,919
Speaker 2: Yeah, you know.

495
00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:13,000
Speaker 3: Yeah, something becomes inflamed and leads to all kinds of problems.

496
00:27:13,080 --> 00:27:15,439
Speaker 3: There's no repair needed, so it's a false signal. So

497
00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:19,080
Speaker 3: they're trying to come up with drugs. Now, there's one

498
00:27:19,080 --> 00:27:24,119
Speaker 3: called wrap a micene that tries to stop the cells

499
00:27:24,119 --> 00:27:27,760
Speaker 3: from sending out those false signals, which is amazing.

500
00:27:27,920 --> 00:27:29,080
Speaker 1: Yeah, that would be wonderful.

501
00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:29,560
Speaker 2: You know.

502
00:27:30,760 --> 00:27:34,000
Speaker 1: There's another explanation for it as well as that when

503
00:27:34,080 --> 00:27:38,960
Speaker 1: our cells divide, especially over time as we age, they're

504
00:27:38,960 --> 00:27:44,160
Speaker 1: basically making photocopies of themselves. Yeah, and you ultimately, years

505
00:27:44,200 --> 00:27:47,639
Speaker 1: down the road, end up making photocopies of photocopies, right,

506
00:27:47,680 --> 00:27:50,760
Speaker 1: and those don't tend to pan out very well. So

507
00:27:51,200 --> 00:27:53,320
Speaker 1: as far as analogies go, that one kind of makes

508
00:27:53,359 --> 00:27:57,080
Speaker 1: sense that, yes, we have brand new cells, but the

509
00:27:57,200 --> 00:28:01,959
Speaker 1: DNA copies, the DNA blueprints that they're based on it

510
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:04,960
Speaker 1: have seen better days. Yeah, many years back, you know.

511
00:28:05,080 --> 00:28:06,919
Speaker 2: Yeah, that makes sense. That's a good way to say it.

512
00:28:07,640 --> 00:28:09,480
Speaker 2: We also talked a little bit about whether or not

513
00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:13,879
Speaker 2: the heart muscle itself.

514
00:28:14,880 --> 00:28:18,360
Speaker 3: Replenishes itself in the cells, and for a long time

515
00:28:18,400 --> 00:28:22,480
Speaker 3: they had no idea. But now thanks to our buddy

516
00:28:22,680 --> 00:28:26,520
Speaker 3: doctor Frisson, his pretty much. I don't even think we

517
00:28:26,560 --> 00:28:28,919
Speaker 3: said what his who he works with?

518
00:28:28,960 --> 00:28:29,240
Speaker 2: Did we?

519
00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:30,880
Speaker 1: No?

520
00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:34,280
Speaker 2: He works with the with a K. Karolinska team.

521
00:28:34,520 --> 00:28:38,600
Speaker 3: Oh yeah, just like incredible scientists that are making like

522
00:28:38,840 --> 00:28:41,760
Speaker 3: amazing advancements and trying to figure the stuff out. But

523
00:28:41,840 --> 00:28:44,000
Speaker 3: they did, in fact find that the heart does replace

524
00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:46,760
Speaker 3: itself the muscle cells. About one percent of the heart

525
00:28:46,840 --> 00:28:49,600
Speaker 3: muscles were replaced every year at age twenty five, and

526
00:28:49,640 --> 00:28:51,600
Speaker 3: that falls over your lifetime to less than half a

527
00:28:51,680 --> 00:28:54,680
Speaker 3: percent per year by the age seventy five.

528
00:28:54,840 --> 00:28:56,680
Speaker 1: I spoke too soon. That does make sense.

529
00:28:56,800 --> 00:28:59,880
Speaker 3: Yeah, So what they basically said is about half of

530
00:28:59,880 --> 00:29:01,080
Speaker 3: your heart's muscle.

531
00:29:00,800 --> 00:29:03,520
Speaker 2: Cells will be exchanged during a normal lifetime.

532
00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:07,120
Speaker 1: Okay, which is okay, it is, but as it's slowing

533
00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:09,960
Speaker 1: down over time, I mean the heart's kind of essential.

534
00:29:10,520 --> 00:29:13,200
Speaker 3: Yeah, but they're hoping again to develop drugs that can

535
00:29:13,240 --> 00:29:16,520
Speaker 3: accelerate that process too. Yeah, And I don't know how

536
00:29:16,520 --> 00:29:17,560
Speaker 3: far along they are on that.

537
00:29:17,440 --> 00:29:18,680
Speaker 2: But that'd be amazing.

538
00:29:20,600 --> 00:29:23,240
Speaker 1: So there's this whole thing that kind of came up

539
00:29:23,280 --> 00:29:26,120
Speaker 1: to me man like that I don't all of this

540
00:29:26,320 --> 00:29:29,480
Speaker 1: raises this question to me, right, Yeah, if you look

541
00:29:29,520 --> 00:29:35,120
Speaker 1: at like you or me or any living things as

542
00:29:35,440 --> 00:29:41,880
Speaker 1: an investment, like a molecular investment in the ability to reproduce, right, Okay,

543
00:29:42,240 --> 00:29:47,600
Speaker 1: once you finish your reproductive age, then it does make

544
00:29:47,680 --> 00:29:49,400
Speaker 1: sense that you would just kind of there would be

545
00:29:49,480 --> 00:29:54,720
Speaker 1: built in this mechanism of aging and then death and

546
00:29:54,760 --> 00:29:57,920
Speaker 1: then decay, which is what we do. Yeah, we return

547
00:29:58,040 --> 00:29:59,880
Speaker 1: back to the earth. To put it in kind of

548
00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:02,880
Speaker 1: biblical terms, there's like that whole ashes to ashes, dust

549
00:30:02,880 --> 00:30:05,640
Speaker 1: to dust thing. Sure, it is very very true. And

550
00:30:05,720 --> 00:30:09,960
Speaker 1: if you look at us, and you look at all

551
00:30:10,000 --> 00:30:17,520
Speaker 1: living things as something that exchanges molecules with the external environment,

552
00:30:17,560 --> 00:30:21,680
Speaker 1: takes them in, puts them out right, and you look

553
00:30:21,720 --> 00:30:24,560
Speaker 1: at us as all connected in that sense, like we're

554
00:30:24,600 --> 00:30:27,560
Speaker 1: just like a plant exactly, or we're just like a rock,

555
00:30:28,080 --> 00:30:30,560
Speaker 1: like we're all that stuff, and those things are us

556
00:30:30,600 --> 00:30:36,960
Speaker 1: because we're able to exchange basic ingredients. Then it makes

557
00:30:37,000 --> 00:30:40,400
Speaker 1: total sense that a person would come together, be conceived,

558
00:30:40,440 --> 00:30:43,840
Speaker 1: start dividing as cells, you know, make more of itself,

559
00:30:44,160 --> 00:30:46,840
Speaker 1: and then start to age and then die and decay,

560
00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:48,840
Speaker 1: and then it would give something else a chance to

561
00:30:48,920 --> 00:30:51,560
Speaker 1: come up from that again. Right, sure, but then it

562
00:30:51,560 --> 00:30:54,360
Speaker 1: makes you it makes you wonder, what's the point of that?

563
00:30:55,720 --> 00:30:56,160
Speaker 2: What do you mean?

564
00:30:56,360 --> 00:30:59,360
Speaker 1: Like, think about it. If we're just the same as plants, Like.

565
00:30:59,360 --> 00:31:00,880
Speaker 2: Why are we all here? Yeah?

566
00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:03,240
Speaker 1: Like, if we're if the whole point is to just

567
00:31:03,280 --> 00:31:07,479
Speaker 1: basically recycle materials, because we are just recycling stuff from

568
00:31:07,520 --> 00:31:10,680
Speaker 1: the environment, and we're recycled as we die and decay,

569
00:31:11,400 --> 00:31:14,480
Speaker 1: what is the point? Is our point just to be

570
00:31:14,640 --> 00:31:17,680
Speaker 1: part of the carbon cycle, So we're moving carbon in

571
00:31:17,760 --> 00:31:20,240
Speaker 1: and out of ourselves, in and out of the environment,

572
00:31:20,320 --> 00:31:23,960
Speaker 1: moving it around. Or I don't understand what the point

573
00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:25,600
Speaker 1: is of life? I guess is what I'm saying here

574
00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:28,600
Speaker 1: in nihilis No, I'm not saying I don't believe that

575
00:31:28,640 --> 00:31:31,440
Speaker 1: there isn't a point. I'm just curious what it is,

576
00:31:32,560 --> 00:31:35,520
Speaker 1: because it because if we are the same as any

577
00:31:35,640 --> 00:31:39,840
Speaker 1: other living thing, and the definition of living is an

578
00:31:39,880 --> 00:31:44,480
Speaker 1: exchange with an active exchange with the surrounding environment. They're

579
00:31:44,520 --> 00:31:51,600
Speaker 1: breathing through, eating whatever. Yes. Then and then if you

580
00:31:51,720 --> 00:31:53,600
Speaker 1: kind of take that a little further and say, well,

581
00:31:53,760 --> 00:31:56,160
Speaker 1: clearly we're meant to like reproduce or something like that,

582
00:31:56,720 --> 00:32:01,520
Speaker 1: and then after that we age and die, what's the point?

583
00:32:01,920 --> 00:32:04,960
Speaker 1: Like why not just have one species of living thing? Yeah,

584
00:32:05,080 --> 00:32:08,120
Speaker 1: and just let that do all of your carbon recycling

585
00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:08,600
Speaker 1: or whatever.

586
00:32:09,520 --> 00:32:12,080
Speaker 2: Yeah, I think are you about to quit the show?

587
00:32:14,800 --> 00:32:14,960
Speaker 1: Yeah?

588
00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:15,680
Speaker 2: I see what you mean.

589
00:32:15,800 --> 00:32:20,160
Speaker 3: Like, if we look at ourselves as a purely mechanical

590
00:32:20,480 --> 00:32:23,880
Speaker 3: serving a purely mechanical function right on the planet.

591
00:32:23,640 --> 00:32:26,680
Speaker 1: Like we are to the carbon cycle, what say, evaporation

592
00:32:27,040 --> 00:32:30,480
Speaker 1: is to the rain cycle, Like we're a means of

593
00:32:30,560 --> 00:32:31,760
Speaker 1: moving something along.

594
00:32:32,280 --> 00:32:35,120
Speaker 3: Well, I think that's when you, man, this is getting philosophical.

595
00:32:35,160 --> 00:32:37,040
Speaker 3: I think that's when you start getting into questions of

596
00:32:38,400 --> 00:32:38,800
Speaker 3: the soul.

597
00:32:39,600 --> 00:32:42,360
Speaker 1: Well, yeah, I mean it kind of makes you wonder like, well,

598
00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:44,840
Speaker 1: why would there be more than one species? It will

599
00:32:44,880 --> 00:32:47,200
Speaker 1: be much more efficient to just have one, maybe two.

600
00:32:47,360 --> 00:32:49,400
Speaker 1: There's all these different ones, so why.

601
00:32:49,920 --> 00:32:50,200
Speaker 2: Yeah.

602
00:32:50,280 --> 00:32:52,520
Speaker 1: The fact that that why is just sitting there and

603
00:32:52,560 --> 00:32:57,040
Speaker 1: flashing neon lights definitely made me wonder basically the opposite.

604
00:32:57,080 --> 00:33:01,920
Speaker 1: It's made me think in a different direction and then nihilistically.

605
00:33:02,320 --> 00:33:04,160
Speaker 3: Like, we're only here for so long, and so if

606
00:33:04,160 --> 00:33:08,240
Speaker 3: there is the point is to like make the most

607
00:33:08,240 --> 00:33:08,880
Speaker 3: of your time.

608
00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:11,560
Speaker 1: Well, I think that's a separate that's a separate part

609
00:33:11,600 --> 00:33:13,960
Speaker 1: of it. Yeah, because no matter what conclusion you come to,

610
00:33:14,080 --> 00:33:17,440
Speaker 1: whether Nope, we're just a means of recycling carbon and

611
00:33:17,480 --> 00:33:20,760
Speaker 1: that is it. Yeah, kind of like a Gaia theory

612
00:33:20,880 --> 00:33:24,840
Speaker 1: view of things. Or if you say no, like the

613
00:33:25,640 --> 00:33:28,959
Speaker 1: fact that we're inefficient and redundant as far as that

614
00:33:29,040 --> 00:33:32,840
Speaker 1: carbon recycling thing goes, suggests that maybe there is a

615
00:33:32,880 --> 00:33:35,960
Speaker 1: higher purpose to us. Either way, I feel like you

616
00:33:36,080 --> 00:33:38,240
Speaker 1: come to the conclusion or you should come to the

617
00:33:38,240 --> 00:33:41,920
Speaker 1: conclusion that the one thing we do know is that

618
00:33:41,960 --> 00:33:44,880
Speaker 1: we are here right now, and the best thing we

619
00:33:44,920 --> 00:33:47,160
Speaker 1: can do is make the absolute best of it for

620
00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:48,960
Speaker 1: ourselves and for other people as well.

621
00:33:49,480 --> 00:33:51,280
Speaker 3: Yeah, and there are probably others out there that think

622
00:33:51,320 --> 00:33:53,520
Speaker 3: the whole point is to make as much cash as

623
00:33:53,520 --> 00:33:55,080
Speaker 3: you can, sure you can buy products.

624
00:33:55,160 --> 00:33:58,160
Speaker 2: Yeah, Edward Burnez would.

625
00:33:57,960 --> 00:34:00,600
Speaker 3: Probably say that, Yes he would, and he lived that

626
00:34:00,640 --> 00:34:03,880
Speaker 3: way in Man, that's interesting. I think we should I'd

627
00:34:03,880 --> 00:34:06,320
Speaker 3: love to tackle something philosophical and deep.

628
00:34:06,200 --> 00:34:07,920
Speaker 1: Like the soul meaning of life.

629
00:34:08,239 --> 00:34:09,040
Speaker 2: Yeah, that'd be tough.

630
00:34:09,120 --> 00:34:11,080
Speaker 3: I mean that'd be cool, though, it would be cool.

631
00:34:11,120 --> 00:34:12,560
Speaker 3: We don't delve into that very much.

632
00:34:12,520 --> 00:34:15,760
Speaker 1: No, we should. I'd like to do that. And consciousness

633
00:34:16,200 --> 00:34:19,080
Speaker 1: that's a really interesting one too, Like it doesn't make

634
00:34:19,120 --> 00:34:19,680
Speaker 1: any sense.

635
00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:22,560
Speaker 3: It's a very trippy way forward for this show. Yeah,

636
00:34:22,640 --> 00:34:23,680
Speaker 3: we're gonna start getting weird.

637
00:34:23,800 --> 00:34:26,240
Speaker 1: I took a lot of acid this morning. So, oh

638
00:34:26,280 --> 00:34:30,839
Speaker 1: that's great if you want to know more about some

639
00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:35,200
Speaker 1: just weird trippy stuff. How stuff works has a surprising

640
00:34:35,239 --> 00:34:38,600
Speaker 1: amount of it on there. I don't know. Just try

641
00:34:38,680 --> 00:34:41,080
Speaker 1: typing the word trippy into the search bar. You can

642
00:34:41,400 --> 00:34:44,520
Speaker 1: also type does your body really replace itself? Every seven years?

643
00:34:44,560 --> 00:34:47,080
Speaker 1: And it'll bring up this cool article. And I think

644
00:34:47,120 --> 00:34:49,160
Speaker 1: I said search bar at some point in time. So

645
00:34:49,880 --> 00:34:51,080
Speaker 1: how about some listener mail?

646
00:34:53,440 --> 00:34:55,200
Speaker 2: I like how you specified you took a lot of.

647
00:34:55,200 --> 00:34:59,160
Speaker 1: Acid just a little yeah, a lot fun of it?

648
00:35:00,360 --> 00:35:03,160
Speaker 3: All right, I'm gonna call this multiple We got like

649
00:35:03,200 --> 00:35:07,440
Speaker 3: a bunch of emails in one day about people picking

650
00:35:07,480 --> 00:35:10,600
Speaker 3: at our grammar and things. Oh yeah, so I'm just

651
00:35:10,600 --> 00:35:13,239
Speaker 3: decided to read three of them because they're short. Hey, guys,

652
00:35:13,239 --> 00:35:17,959
Speaker 3: I generally enjoy the episodes, but you do have one

653
00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:21,399
Speaker 3: issue with your grammar and noun verb agreement. You tend

654
00:35:21,400 --> 00:35:24,600
Speaker 3: to say there are many lines of evidence or there's

655
00:35:24,680 --> 00:35:28,600
Speaker 3: lots of experiment showing instead of there are not there

656
00:35:28,760 --> 00:35:32,560
Speaker 3: is when the pronoun refers to a little subject. Check

657
00:35:32,560 --> 00:35:33,399
Speaker 3: yourselves next time.

658
00:35:33,440 --> 00:35:36,600
Speaker 2: Guys. You typically make the mistake about ten times every show.

659
00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:39,360
Speaker 1: Why don't you go recycle some carbon power?

660
00:35:40,239 --> 00:35:43,120
Speaker 2: That's from Kim Keller in Temple Tariffs, Florida.

661
00:35:43,880 --> 00:35:44,200
Speaker 1: Thanks.

662
00:35:45,719 --> 00:35:48,920
Speaker 3: I always like to pick apart their emails too, about

663
00:35:48,960 --> 00:35:50,839
Speaker 3: because people usually make a mistake or two in their

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00:35:50,880 --> 00:35:51,400
Speaker 3: own emails.

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00:35:52,760 --> 00:35:54,640
Speaker 2: Hey, guys, this one's from Blair. I love the show.

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00:35:54,640 --> 00:35:55,600
Speaker 2: I hate to be nitpicky.

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00:35:56,320 --> 00:35:58,080
Speaker 1: They always say that, don't yeah right.

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00:35:58,000 --> 00:36:00,640
Speaker 3: Before they nitpick, But I have a grammar direction. It's

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00:36:00,640 --> 00:36:04,000
Speaker 3: been bugging me for months, and Stonehinge was a major offender.

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00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:07,080
Speaker 3: At least one of you not naming names frequently used

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00:36:07,120 --> 00:36:10,840
Speaker 3: the word further when you really mean farther. The latter

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00:36:10,920 --> 00:36:14,480
Speaker 3: term is used for literal distances. Further is only supposed

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00:36:14,520 --> 00:36:15,480
Speaker 3: to be used figuratively.

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00:36:16,760 --> 00:36:17,320
Speaker 1: Huh.

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00:36:17,400 --> 00:36:19,280
Speaker 2: I didn't know that, Okay, so thanks Blair.

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00:36:19,520 --> 00:36:22,040
Speaker 3: Yeah, and then the last one, Phil who was an

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00:36:22,040 --> 00:36:26,279
Speaker 3: English and grammar pronunciation freak. He says, hey, guys, when

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00:36:26,320 --> 00:36:28,560
Speaker 3: there's an Italian word, you take your time to pronounce

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00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:31,040
Speaker 3: it properly. The same with Japanese in the Far East

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00:36:31,040 --> 00:36:33,760
Speaker 3: in general. So why don't you extend that same courtesy

681
00:36:33,800 --> 00:36:34,560
Speaker 3: to English.

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00:36:34,239 --> 00:36:37,239
Speaker 1: Words because we're masters of the language.

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00:36:36,760 --> 00:36:39,440
Speaker 3: And I mean words actually in the UK vernacular, not

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00:36:39,520 --> 00:36:45,960
Speaker 3: American English. Salisbury, No, it's Salisbury, the Marlborough Downs, Nope,

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00:36:46,840 --> 00:36:48,560
Speaker 3: marl bro Downs.

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00:36:49,400 --> 00:36:53,279
Speaker 1: Well, we're using the American vernacular because we're in America

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00:36:53,520 --> 00:36:54,960
Speaker 1: and recording as American.

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00:36:55,120 --> 00:36:56,040
Speaker 2: That's from Phil.

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00:36:57,320 --> 00:36:59,400
Speaker 1: I had I addressed all those I think.

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00:36:59,320 --> 00:37:01,239
Speaker 2: Yeah, I think so. I feel good about it.

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00:37:01,280 --> 00:37:03,279
Speaker 1: I think it's good and very big of you two

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00:37:03,360 --> 00:37:06,760
Speaker 1: have read those as listener mail. Why not nice job.

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00:37:06,600 --> 00:37:09,920
Speaker 3: Man, Yeah, we just we don't profess to talk gooder

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00:37:09,920 --> 00:37:12,680
Speaker 3: than other people. We just do our little thing here

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00:37:12,680 --> 00:37:15,600
Speaker 3: in the studio, send it out into the world nice

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00:37:15,800 --> 00:37:17,280
Speaker 3: for people to pick apart.

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00:37:17,640 --> 00:37:21,759
Speaker 1: What we're doing is we're creating grammatical tableaus like that

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00:37:21,920 --> 00:37:24,319
Speaker 1: Highlights magazine where it's like pick out the things that

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00:37:24,360 --> 00:37:26,919
Speaker 1: don't belong. Yeah, that's what we're doing for you, guys.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, keep you entertaining if you didn't have something to

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00:37:28,800 --> 00:37:30,280
Speaker 3: complain about it, it'd be so boring.

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00:37:30,440 --> 00:37:36,160
Speaker 1: Yeah, if you want to nitpick or compliment or suggest

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00:37:36,200 --> 00:37:37,960
Speaker 1: something whatever. If you want to get in touch with

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00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:40,480
Speaker 1: us for any reason, you can do that by tweeting

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00:37:40,480 --> 00:37:44,359
Speaker 1: to sysk Podcasts. You can join us on Facebook dot com,

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00:37:44,400 --> 00:37:46,440
Speaker 1: slash Stuff you Should Know. You can send us an

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00:37:46,440 --> 00:37:49,400
Speaker 1: email to stuff podcast at house stuffworks dot com, and

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00:37:49,600 --> 00:37:51,960
Speaker 1: as always, joined us at our homeown the web, stuff

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00:37:51,960 --> 00:37:56,640
Speaker 1: youshould Know dot com. Stuff you Should Know is a

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00:37:56,680 --> 00:37:57,959
Speaker 1: production of iHeartRadio.

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00:37:58,440 --> 00:38:01,640
Speaker 3: For more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app,

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00:38:01,840 --> 00:38:04,720
Speaker 3: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows,