WEBVTT - SYSK Selects: Who Gets to Name Continents? 0:00:01.400 --> 0:00:05.880 Hello, everybody, who gets to name continents? That's a great question, 0:00:06.400 --> 0:00:10.160 and we answer that on March sixteen. I think this 0:00:10.280 --> 0:00:14.200 is a Josh pick really interesting interesting topic because heck 0:00:14.240 --> 0:00:15.960 I didn't know who gets to name continents? And now 0:00:15.960 --> 0:00:17.840 I do. And if you haven't listened to this one, 0:00:17.960 --> 0:00:20.160 give it a listen. Now it's a very very cool 0:00:20.200 --> 0:00:29.160 episode Who gets to Name Continents? Welcome to Stuff You 0:00:29.160 --> 0:00:32.360 Should Know, a production of My Heart Radios How Stuff Works. 0:00:38.040 --> 0:00:40.680 Hey you, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, 0:00:40.720 --> 0:00:43.479 There's Charles w Chuck Bryant, and Jerry's over there. So 0:00:43.520 --> 0:00:48.080 this is Stuff you should know. Geography. We are in 0:00:48.120 --> 0:00:52.360 North America. That's right, Chuck. According to some Yeah, actually 0:00:52.360 --> 0:00:56.160 according to everybody. No, not everybody. Oh yeah, we'll get 0:00:56.200 --> 0:00:58.480 to it. Okay, we don't want to spoil like basically 0:00:58.480 --> 0:01:02.480 the fact of the podcast right already. Uh, this is 0:01:02.520 --> 0:01:05.720 as I said about geography. And if this kind of 0:01:05.720 --> 0:01:08.240 thing puts your boat, I strongly suggest you go look 0:01:08.280 --> 0:01:11.760 at how Maps work or read or listen to that episode. Yeah, 0:01:12.000 --> 0:01:14.759 it was a good one. It was. Remember we've found 0:01:14.760 --> 0:01:17.160 that like people, other people see the world the map 0:01:17.440 --> 0:01:21.120 upside down. Sure, you know, Yeah, it all depends on 0:01:21.120 --> 0:01:23.800 how you look at it, agreed. And that actually kind 0:01:23.840 --> 0:01:25.880 of comes into play, not just with how you look 0:01:25.920 --> 0:01:28.520 at a map and say, oh, I'm on top and 0:01:28.560 --> 0:01:33.080 you're on bottom, so therefore you must be developing. Um. 0:01:33.360 --> 0:01:38.560 Naming continents is a kind of a what what we 0:01:38.720 --> 0:01:42.200 humans are kind of big on names, I guess. Yeah, 0:01:43.120 --> 0:01:47.480 we're big on location. We're big on identifying with where 0:01:47.480 --> 0:01:49.920 we're from, with where we live, that kind of stuff. 0:01:50.320 --> 0:01:53.160 It's a whole in group out group bs, you know. Yeah, 0:01:53.240 --> 0:01:55.559 and uh boy, I have to say for a short 0:01:55.880 --> 0:01:59.080 ish podcast, which this is going to be, it's not 0:01:59.120 --> 0:02:02.160 gonna be our longest one. Let's take an eye break, No, 0:02:02.480 --> 0:02:05.280 not yet. I hazard to say that I learned more 0:02:05.480 --> 0:02:10.119 in this than ten Barbie podcast than the ten Barbie podcast. 0:02:10.240 --> 0:02:11.640 Actually that's not true. I learned a lot in that 0:02:11.639 --> 0:02:13.960 one too, that one, but this is just loaded with 0:02:14.080 --> 0:02:18.119 interesting stuff because I am not the biggest geography buff. 0:02:18.200 --> 0:02:21.880 For someone who is a math or a maps buff, yeah, 0:02:21.960 --> 0:02:25.600 well you like for the artistry, right, Yeah? And I 0:02:25.720 --> 0:02:29.040 was just ordered a great new map. Um. I wish 0:02:29.080 --> 0:02:31.400 I could remember the guy's name, but it was read 0:02:31.400 --> 0:02:34.200 an article on this super detailed, awesome map of the 0:02:34.280 --> 0:02:38.040 United States, and this guy spent years and years, uh 0:02:38.520 --> 0:02:42.120 drawing Arby's all over the country. Not an Army's map 0:02:42.160 --> 0:02:44.720 that would be great, though, although you can just follow 0:02:44.760 --> 0:02:47.280 your nose. You don't really need it always knows, Yeah, 0:02:47.440 --> 0:02:50.440 just like smell the Horsey sauce. I love that stuff. 0:02:50.480 --> 0:02:54.040 Although the Arvy sauces by far the superior of the two. Well, 0:02:54.200 --> 0:02:57.200 I think you got mixed them. That's the key. Not always. 0:02:57.240 --> 0:03:00.520 I'm more of a beef and cheddar chedd to mix 0:03:00.760 --> 0:03:03.919 with the Arby's sauce. It's delicious, and the horse sauce, 0:03:03.960 --> 0:03:06.880 although I'm okay with horse sauce. Sometimes I haven't had 0:03:06.960 --> 0:03:10.680 Arbies and forever. Oh yeah, it's delicious. That I have 0:03:10.720 --> 0:03:13.240 a fairly disgusting roast beeep sandwich is so good, right 0:03:14.280 --> 0:03:18.200 all right? Uh? Anyway, I ordered this amazing map and 0:03:18.320 --> 0:03:20.520 um it hasn't arrived. I can't wait for it to 0:03:20.520 --> 0:03:22.920 get here, though. It's gonna Actually I'm gonna frame this one, 0:03:22.960 --> 0:03:27.040 I think. Okay, you don't have all your maps framed, No, 0:03:27.560 --> 0:03:30.400 you need like a huge, huge wing of your house 0:03:30.440 --> 0:03:33.200 and just have every map you have right framed on 0:03:33.280 --> 0:03:35.040 the wall. That should be like, I'm starting to see 0:03:35.040 --> 0:03:36.680 a pattern here. That would mean I have a huge 0:03:36.760 --> 0:03:40.720 room to my house, all to myself, and that's not true, unfortunately. 0:03:40.880 --> 0:03:43.360 Do you know how to swing a hammer, don't you? Yeah, 0:03:43.480 --> 0:03:49.400 just build another room, Chuck room. I wish my friend so, Chuck. 0:03:49.520 --> 0:03:52.200 We were talking about um continents in their names and 0:03:52.240 --> 0:03:56.320 all that stuff, right, it turns out that when you 0:03:56.360 --> 0:03:58.920 think about the continents names, some of them seem kind 0:03:58.920 --> 0:04:01.200 of whole hum or whatever. There's actually some really great 0:04:01.240 --> 0:04:05.880 stories behind these things, um and the we should probably 0:04:05.920 --> 0:04:09.800 start at the very beginning, way back, way way back 0:04:09.880 --> 0:04:14.960 in n even further back than that n million years ago, 0:04:16.000 --> 0:04:18.560 if you looked at the planet Earth, you would have 0:04:18.640 --> 0:04:21.200 seen that there weren't a bunch of different continents. That 0:04:21.200 --> 0:04:24.840 there was actually one huge continent that wore a headman 0:04:24.960 --> 0:04:30.320 and had enormous like four arms, named Pangaea. Yeah, what 0:04:30.440 --> 0:04:34.960 a stud that continent was. And there was one ocean, uh, 0:04:35.000 --> 0:04:38.800 and the name of that ocean was Pantalassa. Yeah, it 0:04:38.880 --> 0:04:41.200 wasn't all divided up. It was just one big chunk 0:04:41.240 --> 0:04:45.120 of land and surrounded by one massive ocean. Right. And then, 0:04:45.160 --> 0:04:48.280 as we'll see later, this is the prominent theory by 0:04:48.279 --> 0:04:51.440 the way, right, Okay, we don't like no one was 0:04:51.480 --> 0:04:53.479 around back then two million years and go and be 0:04:53.520 --> 0:04:56.600 like note to two thousand sixteen. This is the way 0:04:56.640 --> 0:05:00.840 things are land wise around here. Um. No. And the 0:05:01.080 --> 0:05:03.760 this this theory actually was we've talked about before. It 0:05:03.760 --> 0:05:06.440 had to have been in the earthquakes episode. This guy 0:05:06.560 --> 0:05:10.960 was awesome. Alfred. Yeah. Back in I think nineteen fifteen 0:05:11.240 --> 0:05:16.799 he published his theory on continental drift. Yeah, it's pretty amazing. Um. 0:05:16.920 --> 0:05:19.560 The theory, well, there's some reasons behind it, but the 0:05:19.560 --> 0:05:21.440 theory is that you know, the Earth that's made up 0:05:21.480 --> 0:05:24.400 these big plates. If you listen to our volcanoes or 0:05:24.400 --> 0:05:27.360 earthquake episodes, we talk a lot about that, and over 0:05:27.440 --> 0:05:32.920 time these things cracked apart and shifted and drifted. Uh, 0:05:32.960 --> 0:05:36.480 and we now have many continents. Right, But that's not 0:05:36.640 --> 0:05:39.160 what people thought for a very long time, Like they 0:05:39.240 --> 0:05:41.599 guess they just took for granted that the continents were 0:05:41.600 --> 0:05:45.279 the way they were. But Alfred Wegner, Um, first of all, 0:05:45.279 --> 0:05:47.640 he noticed on a map, like, wow, it looks like 0:05:47.680 --> 0:05:52.200 you could really tuck Africa, um, East West Africa into 0:05:52.200 --> 0:05:56.240 the eastern part of South America. Really nicely. Yeah. And 0:05:56.279 --> 0:05:58.799 in fact, the more I look at it, the whole 0:05:58.800 --> 0:06:01.479 thing looks like a puzzle that kind of fits together. Yeah, 0:06:01.560 --> 0:06:03.839 if you're if you have a brain. So that's where 0:06:03.839 --> 0:06:06.480 he got his idea first, and then he started setting 0:06:06.480 --> 0:06:09.800 about proving it or supporting coming up with evidence. How 0:06:09.800 --> 0:06:12.599 about that? And um, one of the things he looked 0:06:12.640 --> 0:06:16.600 at was coal steams along edges of these puzzle pieces 0:06:16.600 --> 0:06:21.240 and found that they were composed of basically the same stuff. Yeah, 0:06:21.240 --> 0:06:25.520 like cole in Pennsylvania. Deposits in Pennsylvania were similar or 0:06:25.560 --> 0:06:29.120 the same to those in Poland and Germany and Great Britain. Yeah, 0:06:29.160 --> 0:06:33.240 which shouldn't happen because what coal is is basically compressed 0:06:33.800 --> 0:06:39.400 former organisms decaying matter. Right, And so you would think 0:06:39.440 --> 0:06:42.480 that these different organisms would have evolved differently on different 0:06:42.520 --> 0:06:44.640 continents if they weren't together. And the fact that they 0:06:44.839 --> 0:06:49.080 were the same and and decomposed in about the same 0:06:49.120 --> 0:06:52.159 amounts suggests that they were all part of the same 0:06:52.240 --> 0:06:54.520 land mass at one point. Pretty neat. And then he 0:06:54.600 --> 0:06:58.080 also found fossils on different continents that really shouldn't have 0:06:58.120 --> 0:07:01.839 been the same. You saw plant fossils and said, wait 0:07:01.839 --> 0:07:05.000 a minute, I'm finding this stuff and in places that 0:07:05.040 --> 0:07:08.880 are wildly different from one another, these fossils. So maybe 0:07:09.080 --> 0:07:12.120 again that lends to my theory. Or how about this 0:07:12.160 --> 0:07:16.200 mountain range, the Appalachian Mountains, very similar to the Atlas 0:07:16.280 --> 0:07:20.240 Mountains of Morocco. Maybe it was all one big mountainous 0:07:20.280 --> 0:07:23.000 mass at one point, and it turns out they probably were. 0:07:23.120 --> 0:07:25.239 That's right. What was the name of that mountain range? 0:07:26.400 --> 0:07:30.119 Were part of the Central Pangaea Mountains, which apparently formed 0:07:30.120 --> 0:07:35.840 through the collision of the supercontinents of Gondwana and uh Laurusia. Yeah, 0:07:35.880 --> 0:07:38.360 because and we're we're also um. In addition to this 0:07:38.400 --> 0:07:40.600 how stuff works article, you found a great article by 0:07:40.640 --> 0:07:43.560 Tia Ghosts, who writes for Live Science and writes some 0:07:43.560 --> 0:07:46.160 pretty great stuff. Yeah, this is really good and Ghosts 0:07:46.240 --> 0:07:49.440 um is basically just broke it all out, like how 0:07:49.520 --> 0:07:53.640 Pangaea formed, what Pangia broke into. It's a really interesting article. Yeah, 0:07:53.640 --> 0:07:57.480 and concise. I like articles. It's not fluff, you know, 0:07:58.240 --> 0:08:01.120 just like packed with tacks. Get to it right at 0:08:01.160 --> 0:08:03.360 the beginning. Okay, I love it, and don't let up, 0:08:03.960 --> 0:08:08.040 don't stop till you have enough. So uh. In the 0:08:08.120 --> 0:08:11.400 article they talk about the h the process that spanned 0:08:11.400 --> 0:08:15.920 a few hundred million years with a continent called Laurentia. 0:08:16.120 --> 0:08:18.360 That's a great continent name part of it, which includes 0:08:18.400 --> 0:08:21.000 part of North America and some other micro continents that 0:08:21.080 --> 0:08:25.880 formed eventually You're America. That's not bad. It sounds like 0:08:26.120 --> 0:08:29.600 a craft work album. Oho, it does totally. Uh You're 0:08:29.640 --> 0:08:33.760 America crashes into Gondwana, which I mentioned before and I 0:08:33.880 --> 0:08:36.360 liked to. I'm just gonna come and say, I like 0:08:36.600 --> 0:08:42.199 these pre current continent continent names, pre white dude names, right, 0:08:42.679 --> 0:08:44.240 I guess so, but I think they were named by 0:08:44.280 --> 0:08:49.160 white dudes, probably more creative white dudes. Uh, and Gondwana 0:08:49.200 --> 0:08:53.640 included Africa, Australia, South America, and uh Indian subcontinent. Yeah. 0:08:53.840 --> 0:08:56.880 So like all these it's so hilarious that all of 0:08:56.920 --> 0:09:00.880 these um, these ideas of nationalist them in all this. Man, 0:09:00.920 --> 0:09:02.839 if you've just gone back a few hundred million years 0:09:02.880 --> 0:09:05.439 ago used to be one, you'd be neighbors. Let's all 0:09:05.559 --> 0:09:08.719 just lighten up, exactly. And that's actually a thing that 0:09:08.760 --> 0:09:11.000 we we talked about in the Maps episode two, is 0:09:11.040 --> 0:09:14.320 like when you draw a map, you are you're making 0:09:14.360 --> 0:09:17.040 a political statement. It's just there's such a sense of 0:09:17.120 --> 0:09:22.120 otherness and togetherness based on geographical distribution. That it's it is, 0:09:22.520 --> 0:09:26.680 it's it's interesting. It says a lot about the human psyche. Yeah, 0:09:26.679 --> 0:09:29.960 we should do a podcast one day on the human 0:09:30.040 --> 0:09:35.520 family tree. Yeah, we're super interesting. Yeah. Uh So, getting 0:09:35.520 --> 0:09:38.560 back to the super continent, a couple of hundred million 0:09:38.640 --> 0:09:43.240 years ago, Gondwana split off from laur Asia. That's a 0:09:43.280 --> 0:09:46.600 good one to fifty million years later Gondwana broke up. 0:09:47.360 --> 0:09:51.120 Uh And then they've had a sixty million years ago 0:09:51.559 --> 0:09:54.640 North America split off from Eurasia. And these are all 0:09:54.760 --> 0:09:58.960 the prominent theories. Again. Yeah, well they follow the continental 0:09:59.040 --> 0:10:01.720 drift theory. And I mean it's not like they're just like, 0:10:02.679 --> 0:10:07.040 let's say, let's say the Indian subcontinent broke off from 0:10:07.080 --> 0:10:10.240 this continent. It's like, no, they they have gone through 0:10:10.280 --> 0:10:15.120 and done the geological comparisons and have seen like when 0:10:15.200 --> 0:10:17.960 this basically matched up to that, and that's what they've 0:10:18.000 --> 0:10:20.360 come up with. It's pretty astounding that you can do 0:10:20.440 --> 0:10:25.359 that if you have that enough patients in brains. Uh So. Interestingly, 0:10:25.400 --> 0:10:27.240 they talked a little bit in the article about a 0:10:27.280 --> 0:10:29.079 climate and what it might have been like back then 0:10:29.160 --> 0:10:33.599 and maybe the interior of this large supercontinent was completely 0:10:33.679 --> 0:10:37.880 dry because it was surrounded by mountains. Uh. Maybe parts 0:10:37.880 --> 0:10:39.960 of what is now North America used to be like 0:10:40.080 --> 0:10:44.120 the Amazon rainforest, like a super lush jungle, right, it 0:10:44.120 --> 0:10:46.360 would be kind of cool. Yeah, but if once you 0:10:46.440 --> 0:10:48.840 got into the interior, when you crossed the what was 0:10:48.840 --> 0:10:53.439 it the Central Um the Central Pangaea mountains, Yeah, like 0:10:53.520 --> 0:10:56.360 you were just you Apparently there was a ring of 0:10:56.440 --> 0:10:59.360 mountains that that ran around the middle of the whole 0:11:00.120 --> 0:11:04.079 Pangaea in the interior, and um, it just produced rain 0:11:04.120 --> 0:11:08.560 shadows that kept rain out from the interior of the continent, 0:11:08.920 --> 0:11:11.640 So it would have just been just a totally arid desert. 0:11:12.280 --> 0:11:15.080 Pretty cool, It is cool. Uh, And of course this 0:11:15.160 --> 0:11:17.320 isn't over. They point out in the article that things 0:11:17.320 --> 0:11:21.840 are still changing. Um, Australias is creeping up on Asia. Yeah, 0:11:22.080 --> 0:11:25.920 very slowly, of course. Yeah. Pretty cool and uh, parsh, 0:11:26.040 --> 0:11:30.520 part of Eastern Africa is just trying to get out 0:11:30.520 --> 0:11:33.120 of the rest of Africa. Yeah, Eastern Africa is staying 0:11:33.240 --> 0:11:36.880 so long. I'm I'm going off on my own. I'm 0:11:36.880 --> 0:11:40.120 gonna seek my own fortune and adventure. Of course, this 0:11:40.200 --> 0:11:42.880 is over the course of hundreds of millions of years, 0:11:42.880 --> 0:11:45.320 so you will likely not be wrung unless the singularity 0:11:45.400 --> 0:11:48.920 happens soon. Yeah, exactly, then you may and you can 0:11:48.960 --> 0:11:51.040 be like, this is pretty cool. The people of Sydney 0:11:51.080 --> 0:11:53.520 will have a docking party with the people of Hong Kong. 0:11:54.720 --> 0:11:56.920 I love that. Uh so you want to take a 0:11:56.960 --> 0:11:58.680 little break here, then we'll talk a little bit about 0:11:58.720 --> 0:12:25.079 these names. Yes, so, Chuck. That is the theory of 0:12:25.120 --> 0:12:28.240 continental drifting. The whole idea is that, um, there's a 0:12:28.360 --> 0:12:31.679 layer of magma and then on top of it are 0:12:31.760 --> 0:12:34.560 the continental plates, and they're constantly shifting and moving again, 0:12:34.600 --> 0:12:37.360 albeit very slowly, and when they do, they expose a 0:12:37.400 --> 0:12:42.240 fissure and you've got volcanic activity, or two plates slide 0:12:42.280 --> 0:12:44.719 up against one another, or one subducts below the other 0:12:44.760 --> 0:12:47.840 one and you have earthquakes. So there's a lot of 0:12:47.880 --> 0:12:51.680 evidence that continental drift is real and that things like 0:12:51.760 --> 0:12:55.640 hollow earth are probably not correct. Probably have you noticed 0:12:55.679 --> 0:12:58.439 every time we do any kind of geography, especially when 0:12:58.480 --> 0:13:01.920 we mentioned plate tectonics, the the hollow earth people come 0:13:01.960 --> 0:13:04.599 out of the woodwork and just send us emails and 0:13:04.679 --> 0:13:07.920 leave comments and yeah, man, they're they're they're they're like 0:13:07.960 --> 0:13:10.960 the high freak tost corncert people, they're like really active 0:13:10.960 --> 0:13:14.480 in the comments section. Yeah, Froto in the Gang. Oh wait, 0:13:14.480 --> 0:13:18.360 that's Middle Earth different. Uh. And Pangea, we should mention, 0:13:18.520 --> 0:13:21.920 is Greek for all lands or all earth. So that's 0:13:21.920 --> 0:13:25.800 a great name for the original super continent, right. And 0:13:25.880 --> 0:13:28.960 Panthelossa is all ocean, the ocean that surrounded it. And 0:13:29.000 --> 0:13:32.480 Pangea was what's considered a true continent. We should say 0:13:32.480 --> 0:13:34.439 this because they'll come up later, but a true continent 0:13:34.520 --> 0:13:37.640 is a land mass surrounded by ocean on all sides. 0:13:37.760 --> 0:13:43.320 I'm looking at you, Asia in Europe. I know, you know, 0:13:43.720 --> 0:13:47.480 I know in fact part of Actually I think you 0:13:47.600 --> 0:13:51.960 sent this idea, didn't you. Yeah, what the whole idea 0:13:52.000 --> 0:13:55.520 for the show was from you. But not too long ago, 0:13:55.600 --> 0:13:57.920 I was, I think Emily asked me. She was like, 0:13:57.960 --> 0:14:02.800 what is Russia? Is that part of Is it Asian? 0:14:02.920 --> 0:14:06.280 Or is it European? And I was like, well, I 0:14:06.320 --> 0:14:09.640 don't know, Asia, let's go look, well it depends part 0:14:09.679 --> 0:14:12.640 of it. Well yeah, part of it then same with Turkey. 0:14:12.720 --> 0:14:17.240 Is is split and uh, you know, some people identify 0:14:17.320 --> 0:14:20.080 with Europe, some people identify with Asia. That's why the 0:14:20.160 --> 0:14:22.520 term Eurasia. Well, no, I got that, and I got 0:14:22.520 --> 0:14:24.400 it from this article, but I didn't know that like 0:14:24.560 --> 0:14:28.960 Russia itself was split, you know, Yeah, that's what it says. 0:14:28.960 --> 0:14:33.840 Like I could see like um uh Kazakhstan or something 0:14:33.880 --> 0:14:36.440 being like straddling the sides, but I didn't realize like 0:14:36.520 --> 0:14:40.560 Russia itself was split some that's pretty interesting, maybe some Russians. 0:14:40.560 --> 0:14:43.000 All right, in tell us how you identify? Yeah, are 0:14:43.040 --> 0:14:50.560 you Eurasian, Asian, European? Which one? Yeah, because obviously a 0:14:50.560 --> 0:14:54.320 lot of these lines are drawn culturally. Um right, because 0:14:54.320 --> 0:14:57.760 their mountain ranges that that separated. That's not I mean, 0:14:57.800 --> 0:15:01.560 it's a geographical border, but not when you're speaking in continents, 0:15:01.600 --> 0:15:07.400 it's not incontinents. Should we tell them Jerry's bad joke? Yes, 0:15:08.200 --> 0:15:11.880 Before we started, Jerry said, I guess we're technically all incontinent, 0:15:13.000 --> 0:15:16.160 and I said, no, technically we're all on continent. And 0:15:16.200 --> 0:15:19.080 then she said or within continent, and none of the 0:15:19.120 --> 0:15:23.840 three things that we said. We're funny. That's that's how 0:15:23.880 --> 0:15:26.320 things happened before we hit record. Yeah, that's why we 0:15:26.360 --> 0:15:29.280 don't release this stuff beforehand. It's usually much better than that. 0:15:29.520 --> 0:15:31.560 So let's get down to this chuck, all right, let's 0:15:31.600 --> 0:15:35.600 talk about naming continents, right, all right. Apparently with continents, 0:15:35.680 --> 0:15:41.800 if you are prominently involved with its discovery, you typically 0:15:42.040 --> 0:15:45.360 get some sort of naming rights. Yeah, and a lot 0:15:45.360 --> 0:15:49.520 of these are very uh. Just conjecture goes into maybe 0:15:49.520 --> 0:15:52.240 who name these and who didn't? Um. One big exception 0:15:52.320 --> 0:15:57.760 is Antarctica because it's new ish. It's like the Pluto. Yeah, 0:15:57.800 --> 0:16:00.880 as far as when people discovered it. Uh. In fact, 0:16:00.960 --> 0:16:03.400 you can go to the New York Times and read 0:16:03.480 --> 0:16:06.880 in uh nineteen o four about the naming of Antarctica 0:16:07.520 --> 0:16:10.120 if you were so inclined to be bored to tears. No, 0:16:10.520 --> 0:16:12.560 I love those old articles. I like a lot of 0:16:12.560 --> 0:16:14.960 them too, Like remember the subway accident where people got 0:16:15.000 --> 0:16:18.600 shot out of the subway tunnel that was being dug. Yeah, 0:16:18.760 --> 0:16:22.160 that was an interesting article. This one is it's bad? 0:16:22.360 --> 0:16:26.360 Oh did you read it? No? Just this enough? Okay. Well, 0:16:26.400 --> 0:16:31.600 a man named Sir John Murray was a great exploring oceanographer. Uh. 0:16:31.720 --> 0:16:35.680 He was part of the famous HMS Challenger expedition, which, 0:16:35.800 --> 0:16:41.560 for my money, is the greatest of all ocean going explorations. 0:16:41.760 --> 0:16:46.359 The Challenger. Yeah, man, sixty nine thousand nautical miles. Unbelievable, 0:16:46.560 --> 0:16:48.360 if you look at the map of the this thing 0:16:48.360 --> 0:16:50.600 of the route, it was just it's staggering. Do you 0:16:50.600 --> 0:16:52.720 have a map of it? I don't own one, but 0:16:52.760 --> 0:16:54.800 I looked it up today, which is pretty neat. And 0:16:54.840 --> 0:16:56.560 I never knew what HM stood for. Did you know 0:16:56.600 --> 0:17:00.160 that Her Majesty's ship? Yeah, I never knew that. It's 0:17:00.200 --> 0:17:03.800 just like HMS. The there's another one that I don't like, 0:17:04.200 --> 0:17:09.159 r MS. I don't know. And uh, what is the 0:17:09.280 --> 0:17:13.360 USS just United States Ship? I don't know. I never 0:17:13.359 --> 0:17:18.720 thought about that either. Probably probably someone from the Navy 0:17:18.760 --> 0:17:21.800 could maybe point us in the right direction. So anyway, 0:17:21.880 --> 0:17:26.040 John Murray, even though the expedition, the Challenger expedition did 0:17:26.080 --> 0:17:29.880 not they kind of buzzed Antarctica. They didn't actually see 0:17:29.920 --> 0:17:32.160 the land, but they came close. But he would later 0:17:32.240 --> 0:17:35.640 go on to do like, actually go to Antarctica. Okay, 0:17:35.680 --> 0:17:37.840 I was gonna say, like, then, how did he know 0:17:37.920 --> 0:17:40.000 anything about it? I guess his interest was Pete. He 0:17:40.040 --> 0:17:43.960 saw icebergs and stuff. I'm coming back, um because this 0:17:44.000 --> 0:17:46.679 place is cold. He's come. I'm coming for you, Taro 0:17:46.800 --> 0:17:51.119 and Tiro uh so. In nineteen o four, um, he 0:17:51.200 --> 0:17:53.760 actually was able to name it as a combination of 0:17:53.800 --> 0:17:58.040 aunt opposite an Arctic, the North Pole, so the opposite 0:17:58.040 --> 0:18:01.239 of the North Pole the South Pole pretty neat? And 0:18:01.280 --> 0:18:05.000 which one has penguins? And so the Antarctica has penguins 0:18:05.000 --> 0:18:09.760 and the North Pole doesn't. Isn't that right? I don't remember, 0:18:10.040 --> 0:18:12.119 but that's like, that's the case, right, doesn't one have 0:18:12.200 --> 0:18:13.800 one and the other one doesn't? I know, we got 0:18:13.840 --> 0:18:16.480 a lot of emails. I don't know why I'm doing 0:18:16.480 --> 0:18:18.639 this again. I might as well just hook a car 0:18:18.680 --> 0:18:21.040 battery up to my nipples or something. It'll get the 0:18:21.080 --> 0:18:26.920 same I got you on that one. Yeah, that was good. Um, 0:18:27.000 --> 0:18:30.240 So let's talk about America because I just realized something 0:18:30.240 --> 0:18:35.240 to check. This may be played in um geography classes 0:18:35.280 --> 0:18:38.200 in like middle school and stuff. So if that's the case, 0:18:38.320 --> 0:18:39.960 I want to go ahead and apologize to all the 0:18:39.960 --> 0:18:42.600 middle schoolers who just had to hear me say that 0:18:42.600 --> 0:18:46.879 that's okay, and don't don't try that at home. It 0:18:46.880 --> 0:18:49.720 doesn't matter what grade you're in or how how long 0:18:49.800 --> 0:18:54.160 out of school you are, agreed, So America the name America. 0:18:54.359 --> 0:18:58.679 If you went to took Civics class or geography and 0:18:58.720 --> 0:19:01.359 elementary school and high school, you probably got the story. 0:19:01.440 --> 0:19:07.720 That Amerigo Vespucci was. It was named after him. European explorer. Yeah, 0:19:07.720 --> 0:19:12.080 that guy has been slandered, maligned, maybe worse than Columbus 0:19:12.119 --> 0:19:16.640 even apparently he had a lot of rivals back in Italy, 0:19:17.280 --> 0:19:21.320 and um they worked very hard to sully his name, 0:19:21.760 --> 0:19:24.480 and it was quite effective over the centuries, to the 0:19:24.520 --> 0:19:28.280 point where there was a big, almost a revival in 0:19:28.280 --> 0:19:32.439 in hatred for America Vespucci and a lot of really 0:19:32.760 --> 0:19:41.439 um uh inaccurate ideas were revived based on propaganda, contemporary 0:19:41.440 --> 0:19:44.359 propaganda against him. So so what's the idea that he 0:19:44.960 --> 0:19:49.240 ripped off Columbus. Well, that's not It depends on your 0:19:49.240 --> 0:19:52.120 definition of ripped off. So I don't have the impression 0:19:52.160 --> 0:19:57.480 that he ever said I discovered America. He said Columbus 0:19:57.480 --> 0:20:01.480 discovered America. But the distinction between in Vespucci and Columbus 0:20:01.520 --> 0:20:05.520 is that Columbus didn't realize that he hadn't hit already, 0:20:06.320 --> 0:20:12.119 that he hadn't hit undiscovered or previously undiscovered by European land. Right. 0:20:13.000 --> 0:20:15.040 He thought that he had just found another route to 0:20:15.040 --> 0:20:18.840 the West Indies. Apparently, until he died, Vespucci was the 0:20:18.840 --> 0:20:23.560 one to say no Europeans ever seen this before. Please, 0:20:23.920 --> 0:20:26.360 that was great. No, it wasn't. I like it. Um. 0:20:26.480 --> 0:20:30.400 And so he is the one who supposedly this continent 0:20:30.880 --> 0:20:33.680 was named after because he was the one to recognize 0:20:33.680 --> 0:20:39.639 it as previously uncharted land. Yeah, and it's on record. Um. 0:20:39.720 --> 0:20:45.440 In fifteen o seven, a cartographer, a German cartographer named Martina. 0:20:45.960 --> 0:20:49.919 Our two favorite accents, Yeah, Italian and Germany. Two are 0:20:49.920 --> 0:20:52.359 the only two you can still do these days and 0:20:52.440 --> 0:20:56.400 not get taken a desk barce. Uh. He very famously 0:20:56.600 --> 0:20:59.160 made a map that was a big effort in France. 0:20:59.760 --> 0:21:05.080 Uh in the fifteen hundreds too, really bring the modern 0:21:05.160 --> 0:21:08.840 map into the forefront and like these old maps like 0:21:09.359 --> 0:21:10.960 these were made by a bunch of dummies who didn't 0:21:11.000 --> 0:21:14.560 know anything. So let's really expand our geographic knowledge. And yeah, 0:21:14.600 --> 0:21:17.400 this has when like mercater started working. Yeah. So this, 0:21:17.400 --> 0:21:22.879 this woodcut map that um Valtzemula made was the first 0:21:22.920 --> 0:21:26.360 to depict a separate Western hemisphere, the first to show 0:21:26.400 --> 0:21:29.120 the Pacific Ocean as a separate thing. Oh, this guy, 0:21:29.200 --> 0:21:31.320 he was here, He's like, get that sea monster off 0:21:31.359 --> 0:21:34.720 of there. I'd leave a sea monster just for fun, 0:21:35.080 --> 0:21:38.040 but he um, it's an easter egg there. Yeah, there 0:21:38.080 --> 0:21:40.760 was one of these maps. There is one of these 0:21:40.800 --> 0:21:44.760 maps still uh existing, And in two thousand three, the 0:21:44.800 --> 0:21:49.040 Library of Congress bought it with the donation from Discovery Channel. 0:21:49.320 --> 0:21:52.439 Oh is that a right? Apparently for ten million bucks. 0:21:53.440 --> 0:21:55.480 It was in a castle for three and fifty years 0:21:55.520 --> 0:21:57.760 in southern Germany, and they're like, wow, let's buy it 0:21:57.840 --> 0:22:02.200 and display it. I read about a guy who found 0:22:02.920 --> 0:22:06.439 an original copy of the Declaration of Independence folded up 0:22:06.440 --> 0:22:08.800 behind a painting that he bought at a yard sale. 0:22:08.960 --> 0:22:11.800 That four dollars amazing, and I think he sold it 0:22:11.880 --> 0:22:14.320 for like a few million, and then Norman Mailer bought 0:22:14.320 --> 0:22:17.600 it for like eight million. But yeah, it's somebody just 0:22:17.720 --> 0:22:19.920 found the Declaration of It and it's I guess in 0:22:20.040 --> 0:22:22.720 much the same way. That's amazing. Yeah, I got nothing 0:22:22.760 --> 0:22:24.840 in my attic. I even looked, Oh you did look. 0:22:24.840 --> 0:22:27.200 I say, you don't know, but I guess you do. 0:22:27.520 --> 0:22:32.560 Some old doors doors can be worth Yeah, the door 0:22:32.640 --> 0:22:36.360 from the early nineteen thirties. Yeah, people love those things 0:22:36.359 --> 0:22:38.439 that go crazy for him. I think it's neat. But 0:22:38.800 --> 0:22:41.359 you know, I wanted like a stash of gold bullion 0:22:41.520 --> 0:22:46.159 or something like Prohibition era money. Yeah, my house, and 0:22:46.200 --> 0:22:49.840 where's your house beelt like nineteen thirty Prohibition. Yeah, I 0:22:49.880 --> 0:22:56.160 guess so maybe some old booze would be delicious. So um, 0:22:56.560 --> 0:23:03.639 the reason this map is significant by is that it 0:23:03.840 --> 0:23:09.480 says America like North South America are designated America by 0:23:09.520 --> 0:23:12.080 this map. And this this map that is in question 0:23:12.200 --> 0:23:16.440 was from when was it fifteen o seven? And um, 0:23:16.520 --> 0:23:21.040 somebody said, hey, buddy, um, why did you call it America? 0:23:21.119 --> 0:23:24.160 And he said, I did it in honor of Americo Vespucci. 0:23:25.040 --> 0:23:27.720 So the first guy who really uses the word America 0:23:28.080 --> 0:23:31.160 is on record apparently is saying he named it America 0:23:31.200 --> 0:23:34.800 after Americo Vespucci. But a lot of people said that's 0:23:34.840 --> 0:23:39.160 a lie, it's a historical fallacy, it's inaccurate. One guy 0:23:39.200 --> 0:23:41.959 went so far as to say that Amerigo Vespucci actually 0:23:42.040 --> 0:23:45.520 changed his name after America was named, and that his 0:23:45.720 --> 0:23:54.040 real name was um uh Giovanni Vespucci, no Alberigo Vespucci, 0:23:54.400 --> 0:23:58.920 and that he changed his name to Amerrigo from Alberigo 0:23:59.119 --> 0:24:02.840 to conveniently with the naming of America. Right. Um, But apparently, 0:24:03.000 --> 0:24:06.600 and this is this again, this is contemporary stuff. People said, 0:24:06.960 --> 0:24:10.400 you changed your name, you big liar um. And then 0:24:10.480 --> 0:24:13.320 in like the nineteen seventies. I think some historian revived 0:24:13.359 --> 0:24:15.480 it and like that was the idea, But somebody else 0:24:15.520 --> 0:24:19.639 went back and apparently found his baptismal certificate that lists 0:24:19.680 --> 0:24:24.119