WEBVTT - How Broken Bones Work 0:00:00.200 --> 0:00:04.800 Brought to you by the all new Toyota Corolla. Welcome 0:00:04.840 --> 0:00:14.360 to Stuff You Should Know from House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, 0:00:14.400 --> 0:00:17.319 and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's Charles W. 0:00:17.560 --> 0:00:21.640 Chuck Bryant, and this is Stuff you Should Know the 0:00:21.840 --> 0:00:30.120 podcast Audio Adventure our great subtitle Chuck, have you ever 0:00:30.200 --> 0:00:33.320 broken a bone? I have not. You better knock on 0:00:33.400 --> 0:00:37.400 wood right this instant. Yeah, I could say the same thing, 0:00:37.440 --> 0:00:40.680 except I'm pretty certain that I've broken my small toe 0:00:41.080 --> 0:00:44.160 several times over the course of my life. Yeah, there's 0:00:44.280 --> 0:00:46.080 not all you can do about that there, right, No. 0:00:46.400 --> 0:00:47.839 I mean, like I didn't go see a doctor or 0:00:47.840 --> 0:00:49.559 anything like that, which is why I'm not certain I 0:00:49.640 --> 0:00:52.440 broke it. But I'm pretty certain just based on the 0:00:52.479 --> 0:00:56.680 amount of pain involved in it. Um. But other than that, 0:00:56.720 --> 0:00:58.800 you know, I've never had like a sling or anything 0:00:58.840 --> 0:01:02.480 like that. I was got cuts, oh yeah, yeah, yeah, 0:01:02.520 --> 0:01:05.840 I was always stitched up in things, never broken back, stitches, 0:01:06.520 --> 0:01:09.800 leg foot, tongue, almost bit my tongue off. I've never 0:01:09.840 --> 0:01:15.000 had stitches. Really. Yeah, Well, you've lived a relatively healthy life, 0:01:15.040 --> 0:01:16.800 my friend. I guess so. And I mean it's not 0:01:16.840 --> 0:01:19.040 like I haven't been adventure Boy or anything like that. 0:01:19.120 --> 0:01:21.440 I've I've gotten in all sorts of REX accidents. If 0:01:21.440 --> 0:01:23.320 I had a brick fall on my head and put 0:01:23.360 --> 0:01:25.640 my arm through a storm window and I was a 0:01:25.640 --> 0:01:29.800 little baby. Um. I once was riding my awesome blue 0:01:29.800 --> 0:01:32.960 and yellow mag wheel BMX bike and went to go 0:01:33.120 --> 0:01:36.520 up a curb, but my brain misfired, and rather than 0:01:36.800 --> 0:01:40.560 pull up on the handlebars, I pressed down and went 0:01:40.760 --> 0:01:43.520 right over the handlebars hard. I've done that on a 0:01:43.520 --> 0:01:45.600 mountain bike. I played football. I got hit in the 0:01:45.600 --> 0:01:48.160 head with the baseball playing baseball. I'm It's not like 0:01:48.240 --> 0:01:50.520 I was like a milk toast or anything like that, 0:01:52.840 --> 0:01:56.480 like Bruce Willis, I wouldn't say that, just because I'm 0:01:56.520 --> 0:01:58.760 just too superstitious for that kind of thing. But I 0:01:58.840 --> 0:02:02.840 have not had stitches or a broken bump. But now 0:02:03.000 --> 0:02:06.320 I know all about broken bones and how they heal, 0:02:06.520 --> 0:02:09.560 because they do heal, and it's not just your saw 0:02:09.639 --> 0:02:13.240 bones that's healing them, like the heal on themselves. And 0:02:13.240 --> 0:02:16.280 it turns out medical science is basically just there to 0:02:16.320 --> 0:02:22.000 assist a beautiful, elegant, natural process that's already in place. Yeah, 0:02:22.040 --> 0:02:25.880 I think I'm just amazed at the body's natural healing capabilities. 0:02:25.880 --> 0:02:28.800 I think it's really neat. Um. I am too, Like 0:02:28.919 --> 0:02:33.520 you can regenerate your own tail, your vestigial tail, if 0:02:33.520 --> 0:02:35.519 you make it out of the womb with one of those. 0:02:35.680 --> 0:02:38.080 If if you lost your third nipple, it might just 0:02:38.160 --> 0:02:42.400 grow right back, your superfluous third nipple. Yeah. Uh so 0:02:42.520 --> 0:02:45.640 I guess you know, I am a few years away 0:02:45.639 --> 0:02:51.240 from being more susceptible. Apparently, men after forty five are 0:02:51.240 --> 0:02:54.760 more susceptible to breaking bones. And oh no, I'm sorry 0:02:54.880 --> 0:02:57.760 pre forty five, right, so I'm almost in the clear. Yeah, 0:02:58.000 --> 0:03:01.639 And I suspect that that is you to um, then 0:03:01.680 --> 0:03:06.799 being more active, yeah, um, because that's in men. If 0:03:06.800 --> 0:03:10.720 you're you're more susceptible to breaking a bone. Um. And 0:03:10.760 --> 0:03:14.760 then women are more susceptible to breaking a bone after 0:03:15.160 --> 0:03:19.880 that age yeah, when they reach menopause. Um. And the 0:03:19.919 --> 0:03:24.880 most commonly broken bone is what, uh, the wrist, right, yeah, 0:03:24.960 --> 0:03:27.040 the radius bone of the wrist. I guess from all 0:03:27.040 --> 0:03:30.720 the tennis people play. I think my theory on that 0:03:30.840 --> 0:03:33.200 is is that's how you know, It's a lot of 0:03:33.240 --> 0:03:35.680 that comes from trying to break your fall by putting 0:03:35.720 --> 0:03:37.760 your hand out, But that just happens a lot. It 0:03:37.800 --> 0:03:40.040 makes you wonder what bones we would break and how 0:03:40.040 --> 0:03:42.160 many more bones we break and we didn't have response 0:03:42.240 --> 0:03:44.640 to break. Well, if you or if you didn't try 0:03:44.640 --> 0:03:46.440 to break your fall, you just break your face over 0:03:46.480 --> 0:03:50.360 and over, I guess, um. And then in the elderly age, 0:03:50.400 --> 0:03:53.040 seventy five are over. According to this article by Robert 0:03:53.120 --> 0:03:57.160 Lamb m, hip fractures are the most common and those 0:03:57.160 --> 0:03:59.800 are painful. Yeah, I'm sure that's like, yeah, you hear 0:03:59.800 --> 0:04:02.520 about that lot. Very sad. Yeah, like fall in the bathtub, 0:04:02.600 --> 0:04:06.480 break the old hip. Um. So there's different types of 0:04:06.520 --> 0:04:09.120 fractures that can take place, right, Like there's not there's 0:04:09.160 --> 0:04:12.200 the simple fracture, which is the most um like the 0:04:12.240 --> 0:04:13.720 one you're if you're going to break a bone, this 0:04:13.800 --> 0:04:17.279 is the one you hope for. Um. But it is 0:04:17.640 --> 0:04:19.520 and it may even be the most common. I don't 0:04:19.520 --> 0:04:22.200 know if what's the most common. It's just a clean, 0:04:23.080 --> 0:04:25.760 simple break in one place only, right, and there's not 0:04:25.839 --> 0:04:29.960 like a bunch of other trauma or like associated pain 0:04:30.120 --> 0:04:32.479 or or well there's probably a lot of pain, but 0:04:32.640 --> 0:04:35.920 problems that come out of it's just like snap. And 0:04:35.920 --> 0:04:39.479 then there's a clean break that's a simple fracture. That's 0:04:39.520 --> 0:04:42.440 definitely not the only kind of fracture. No. The dreaded 0:04:42.440 --> 0:04:45.000 compound fracture, which I think strikes fear into the hearts 0:04:45.000 --> 0:04:49.160 of everybody, is when your bone is poking through your skin. Yeah, 0:04:49.200 --> 0:04:55.159 like Joe Tisman or the guy in the March Madness recently. 0:04:55.600 --> 0:04:58.080 I don't think I saw that one. Oh man, it 0:04:58.279 --> 0:05:01.840 is bad. I can't They're a mirror. Neurons kick in 0:05:01.920 --> 0:05:04.000 so hard when that stuff happens. There's this there's this 0:05:04.080 --> 0:05:08.520 animated gift of this, the footage of the guy he 0:05:08.640 --> 0:05:12.240 just fell down wrong, um and he fell down right 0:05:12.240 --> 0:05:16.240 in front of his own bench, and there's like the 0:05:16.279 --> 0:05:18.919 reaction of like the guys on the bench just like, oh, 0:05:18.960 --> 0:05:21.000 they all look like they're about to faint because they're 0:05:21.000 --> 0:05:23.359 like two ft away from like one of the worst 0:05:23.400 --> 0:05:26.279 things you could possibly see in an a live human. 0:05:26.360 --> 0:05:29.520 You know, it's awful. Yeah, But those that's a compound fraction, 0:05:29.560 --> 0:05:31.839 those are kind of dangerous because they can lead to 0:05:31.880 --> 0:05:34.880 infection pretty easily, by the way, you know, Joe, thisman, 0:05:35.200 --> 0:05:37.000 I don't know if this is true. Supposedly his name 0:05:37.040 --> 0:05:41.080 was pronounced Theisman until college, and he changed it to 0:05:41.160 --> 0:05:44.480 rhyme with Heisman in a push for the trophy. No way, 0:05:44.720 --> 0:05:46.240 I've heard that. I'm not sure. I need to look 0:05:46.240 --> 0:05:48.240 that up to verify it. That might be a an 0:05:48.320 --> 0:05:50.760 urban legend, could be, but I always call him Joe 0:05:50.800 --> 0:05:54.320 Theisman as a joke. But either way, the he the 0:05:54.360 --> 0:05:57.840 compound fracture came out of his thigh, didn't it. M 0:05:58.400 --> 0:06:00.480 I can't remember. I thought it was more like the knee. 0:06:00.640 --> 0:06:03.560 It was gruesome, remember, like seeing it live? I never 0:06:03.640 --> 0:06:06.680 saw it. Yeah, yeah, all right. So there's also the 0:06:06.720 --> 0:06:10.520 impacted fracture, when one end of the fracture, one end 0:06:10.520 --> 0:06:13.039 of the bone is driven into the other. That sounds 0:06:13.040 --> 0:06:21.880 pretty gnarly too. Yeah, that sounds really awful. A communuded fracture, Uh, 0:06:21.920 --> 0:06:24.840 that's when the bone shatters into fragments. That's probably that's 0:06:24.839 --> 0:06:28.760 pretty bad. Yeah, I'm sure fresh quite problematic, and as 0:06:28.760 --> 0:06:31.320 we'll find out, you'd probably end up a tad bit 0:06:31.360 --> 0:06:34.440 shorter if you have one of those in like your tibia, 0:06:35.560 --> 0:06:37.800 because you have to get rid of that stuff. Yeah, 0:06:37.920 --> 0:06:43.080 the bone fragments. There's the super cute green stick fracture. Yeah, 0:06:43.080 --> 0:06:47.000 this one to me was like, um, the same as 0:06:47.040 --> 0:06:54.279 imagining pulling back a fingernail. But then it retracting back. Yeah, 0:06:54.440 --> 0:06:57.320 this is a this is among children. It's a type 0:06:57.360 --> 0:07:01.000 of fracture specific to children where the bone like bends 0:07:02.080 --> 0:07:04.760 and snaps, but it doesn't fully break. Yeah, it cracks, 0:07:04.760 --> 0:07:07.240 but don't. It's like a green twig. Imagine that, like 0:07:07.279 --> 0:07:09.040 if you bend it, you can't really snap it into 0:07:09.400 --> 0:07:12.160 Oh that's why they call it that. Oh yeah, okay, yeah, 0:07:12.160 --> 0:07:15.920 green stick. That makes sense. The old timbertoe uh. And 0:07:15.920 --> 0:07:20.360 then an evolution fracture is um. Robert describes it as 0:07:20.440 --> 0:07:24.840 a powerful muscle contraction and it wrenches bone, intending forcing 0:07:24.840 --> 0:07:27.320 a fracture. That sounds pretty awful. Yeah, I looked this up. 0:07:27.440 --> 0:07:29.840 So basically what this is is your the muscles around 0:07:29.880 --> 0:07:36.080 your bone. In some instances, very unusual instances, can um 0:07:36.280 --> 0:07:41.480 contract so powerfully that it snaps the bone under what circumstance. 0:07:41.920 --> 0:07:45.960 So um, Normally, our muscles aren't powerful enough to snap 0:07:46.000 --> 0:07:52.080 bone because we have um neurological control over the muscles. Apparently, 0:07:53.520 --> 0:07:56.520 athletes can train beyond this point and can be at 0:07:56.600 --> 0:08:00.960 risk for an evulsion fracture by pushing their muscle muscles 0:08:01.000 --> 0:08:03.360 so hard that like they can make them powerful enough 0:08:03.400 --> 0:08:06.400 to snap their own bones. And in a very strong 0:08:06.760 --> 0:08:11.400 high jump or jump um, the tibia, the shin bone 0:08:11.800 --> 0:08:16.680 is particularly at risk for an evulsion fracture among highly 0:08:16.680 --> 0:08:22.320 trained athletes. Man, So imagine jumping so hard they snap 0:08:22.360 --> 0:08:25.200 your own bones with your mouth. That's crazy. Well, we 0:08:25.280 --> 0:08:27.760 learned in the when you get shocked, you know, like 0:08:27.800 --> 0:08:31.240 our body has that reserve, Like when you get shocked 0:08:31.240 --> 0:08:34.080 from and then blown across the room. That's actually not 0:08:34.160 --> 0:08:36.480 the power blowing across the room. That's your muscles are 0:08:36.520 --> 0:08:39.559 so strong and capable of doing that under the right circumstance, 0:08:39.640 --> 0:08:42.719 exactly like the potentials there, but we have a neurological 0:08:42.760 --> 0:08:45.640 filter that keeps us from doing that. And I looked 0:08:45.679 --> 0:08:48.000 that up to to see if there was like an 0:08:48.120 --> 0:08:51.679 association of evulsion fractures and electrocutions. They couldn't find anything. 0:08:51.960 --> 0:08:54.880 But it seems intuitive, doesn't it. Yeah? I think so. Yeah. 0:08:55.280 --> 0:08:59.040 And then finally the pathological fracture just the most dastardly 0:08:59.040 --> 0:09:02.400 of fractures. Um. It's when the bones are weakened by 0:09:02.440 --> 0:09:08.000 disease and really break pretty easily. They're brittle like osteoporosis killing, unbreakable. 0:09:08.040 --> 0:09:14.040 But Sam Jackson's character, yes, Mr what's his name? Mr 0:09:14.080 --> 0:09:18.000 Brittle like that. I can't remember, but he was, remember 0:09:18.040 --> 0:09:20.640 his bones broken very easily. That was the premise of that. 0:09:20.720 --> 0:09:23.280 At least was a really great It was a great movie. 0:09:23.400 --> 0:09:26.760 I really enjoyed. Actually, I thought it was like his 0:09:26.840 --> 0:09:29.960 only good movie. He didn't like The Sixth Sense, and 0:09:30.040 --> 0:09:32.040 I guess that was okay. That was a great It's 0:09:32.040 --> 0:09:34.800 hard to remember though, because he's sucked so much since then. 0:09:35.320 --> 0:09:37.520 I felt bad for that guy, and it's kind of 0:09:37.679 --> 0:09:42.199 great imagination, but um, yeah, I guess it's just I 0:09:42.240 --> 0:09:45.839 don't know what the problem is because he has He's 0:09:45.920 --> 0:09:48.880 made some great movies. At the Village. That was a 0:09:48.920 --> 0:09:50.920 really good movie. I didn't care for it. Are you 0:09:51.000 --> 0:09:53.360 kidding me? I didn't care for it. I thought that 0:09:53.400 --> 0:09:56.360 twist was amazing enough. With the twists with that guy, 0:09:56.600 --> 0:09:59.360 Oh well, that's the whole thing. One trick pony. No 0:09:59.520 --> 0:10:02.040 he's not. It's like calling oh Henry a one trick pony. 0:10:04.160 --> 0:10:07.439 There's twists like just having a twist. Alfred Hitchcock, Master 0:10:07.520 --> 0:10:14.960 of the twist, Master of the twist. I have a 0:10:14.960 --> 0:10:17.760 few other bone facts, just since we're talking about bones. 0:10:18.360 --> 0:10:21.280 Uh we know. I think we said it on our 0:10:21.320 --> 0:10:24.880 TV show even you're born with about three fifty bones 0:10:24.920 --> 0:10:28.520 and when you die you have two six because a 0:10:28.559 --> 0:10:30.319 lot of your bones fused together from when you're a 0:10:30.320 --> 0:10:36.720 little baby. Um in the hand, in the foot, in 0:10:36.760 --> 0:10:41.400 the thorax, in the vertibal crump, the what I just 0:10:41.760 --> 0:10:48.480 spaced out vertebral column rom and uh, only one in 0:10:48.520 --> 0:10:51.560 the throat. We have a bone in the throat apparently, 0:10:51.600 --> 0:10:56.640 so where you know right there you're touching it, that's 0:10:56.679 --> 0:11:00.040 my atoms apple. By twenty years old, we have a 0:11:00.800 --> 0:11:03.800 of our skeletal mass, and our bone density peaks at 0:11:03.800 --> 0:11:05.680 thirty and then starts going down the hill after that, 0:11:05.800 --> 0:11:08.920 right it does. But um, there's a lot of confusion 0:11:08.920 --> 0:11:13.720 out there. I assume that our skeleton stops growing. Yeah, 0:11:13.760 --> 0:11:15.640 and it does, Like we do reach a point where 0:11:15.720 --> 0:11:18.080 what did you say? Thirty thirty is where it peaks. 0:11:18.440 --> 0:11:22.000 So our skeleton has reached the it's full size. But 0:11:22.080 --> 0:11:26.600 that doesn't mean it stops producing um skeleton, new skeleton. 0:11:26.640 --> 0:11:29.600 Apparently every year a full ten percent of our skeleton 0:11:29.720 --> 0:11:33.880 is totally regenerated. Yeah, which we'll get to that process, okay. Uh. 0:11:33.960 --> 0:11:37.320 And then alcohol and smoking, um are no good for 0:11:37.400 --> 0:11:41.280 your bones. Um. You lose density and osteopenia, which is 0:11:41.679 --> 0:11:45.360 sort of like a pre asteoporosis, I guess, and that 0:11:45.440 --> 0:11:48.000 before I think, yeah, I think when I was a smoker, 0:11:48.040 --> 0:11:50.679 I knew that, Like it was bad for bones, it's 0:11:50.800 --> 0:11:53.520 definitely bad for teeth. And I'm sure the tour associated 0:11:53.880 --> 0:11:55.800 because I'll bet it's bone loss that makes your teeth 0:11:55.800 --> 0:11:58.840 fall out from smoking. Totally is um. And then I 0:11:58.840 --> 0:12:01.360 guess I've got some stuff on how to support your 0:12:01.360 --> 0:12:03.520 bones and good foods and stuff, but um, maybe we 0:12:03.559 --> 0:12:07.200 should do that at the end. Oh yeah, a happy ending. Okay, yeah, 0:12:07.520 --> 0:12:13.120 so chuck. Um, Well, we know virtually everything there is 0:12:13.160 --> 0:12:15.720 to know about bones, but we don't know how they 0:12:15.800 --> 0:12:21.480 work yet. We're about to, right, So, like I said, um, 0:12:21.520 --> 0:12:25.400 we regenerate about ten percent of our skeleton every year, 0:12:25.840 --> 0:12:27.840 and not the same time percent. It's just this constant 0:12:27.880 --> 0:12:31.800 process called bone remodeling. Yeah, our bones aren't just like 0:12:32.760 --> 0:12:36.600 dead sticks that are flesh and muscle are wrapped around there. 0:12:36.640 --> 0:12:39.080 It's living matter, just like the rest of your body. Right. 0:12:39.080 --> 0:12:42.280 And in addition to um the support and structure for 0:12:42.360 --> 0:12:47.240 your body um that the muscalo skeletal system provides, it's 0:12:47.240 --> 0:12:52.200 also your skeleton is a source for um storing minerals, sure, 0:12:52.240 --> 0:12:56.720 hard minerals um the marrow. There's two types of mirrow. 0:12:56.720 --> 0:13:00.000 There's red marrow where we create blood cells. Red blood 0:13:00.000 --> 0:13:03.760 sells yep um. And then there's also yellow marrow, where 0:13:03.800 --> 0:13:08.240 we store fat. Yeah, that just sounds gross. Fatty bones, 0:13:08.520 --> 0:13:11.560 fatty yellow marrow in our bones sounds cross to me. 0:13:11.880 --> 0:13:14.800 Have you ever eaten bone marrow? I know you it's 0:13:14.880 --> 0:13:17.360 like the butter of the gods, But have you ever 0:13:17.400 --> 0:13:19.760 tried it? No? I guess I should taste it. But yeah, 0:13:19.800 --> 0:13:22.839 you're gonna taste it one day. I will see to it. 0:13:23.480 --> 0:13:27.880 There's places that you can find bone marrow, and I 0:13:28.200 --> 0:13:30.640 urge you to go there. Yeah, you can get on 0:13:30.679 --> 0:13:35.000 your burger at a is it farm Burger indicator? Oh yeah, 0:13:35.000 --> 0:13:36.600 they do have marrow, don't they. Yeah. I think you 0:13:36.640 --> 0:13:39.920 actually ate one with marrow. I'm sure I did. Yeah. Yeah, 0:13:39.920 --> 0:13:44.199 I very rarely turned down marrow. Yeah, because I mean you, 0:13:44.200 --> 0:13:46.760 you can't find it everywhere, and it's very tough to 0:13:47.000 --> 0:13:50.640 screw up marrow. Okay, Well that's good to know anyway. 0:13:50.840 --> 0:13:54.760 In my opinion, fatty bone marrow sounds awesome in my 0:13:54.880 --> 0:13:58.440 Oh it does not, but I'll try. Did you pick 0:13:58.520 --> 0:14:01.640 that up at the folk festival. What in my oh? 0:14:02.320 --> 0:14:05.480 I don't think so, I because you've never said it before, 0:14:05.520 --> 0:14:08.480 and you said it twice today. I don't. I don't 0:14:08.480 --> 0:14:11.240 think that was like the phrase that was sweeping. It 0:14:11.360 --> 0:14:14.560 was a banner in the back, behind back in my 0:14:14.640 --> 0:14:19.120 O tour. I'm oh, yeah, I'm a I thought you're 0:14:19.120 --> 0:14:21.200 saying in my oh, I was. I'm just old and 0:14:21.200 --> 0:14:24.560 I don't know how these but I like the variation. Alright, 0:14:24.600 --> 0:14:26.640 So hold on, haunt. I'm still I haven't lost my 0:14:26.640 --> 0:14:30.720 train of thought yet. I've got it in reserve marrow. Well, 0:14:30.760 --> 0:14:33.160 we're past the marrow. The point is, the bone is 0:14:33.200 --> 0:14:38.400 a living structure. The thing is um. It can mineralize 0:14:38.680 --> 0:14:42.160 since the store of hard minerals. The bone can become 0:14:42.240 --> 0:14:45.280 a little too hard because it needs to stay living 0:14:46.000 --> 0:14:49.720 as well as rigid um. And so we do bone remodeling. 0:14:50.200 --> 0:14:54.000 So this process is basically a three step process. Right, 0:14:54.720 --> 0:14:57.200 So you've got the old bone that's become too hard. 0:14:57.720 --> 0:15:01.880 Ossified is what it's called. And um it's basically broken 0:15:01.880 --> 0:15:07.760 down by a type of um bone cell called osteoclasts. Yeah, 0:15:08.040 --> 0:15:11.120 they go around and chomp it up, right, and um 0:15:11.320 --> 0:15:15.440 absorb it. There's this part of the process is called resorbtion, 0:15:16.120 --> 0:15:19.600 and I guess they leave behind new cells and these 0:15:19.600 --> 0:15:23.600 new cells are um, I think they attract something called osteoblasts, 0:15:23.640 --> 0:15:25.480 which are a different type of bone cell, and they 0:15:25.600 --> 0:15:29.640 generate new bone tissue. That's right, and that is bone remodeling. Uh. 0:15:29.680 --> 0:15:32.440 And then you have you know, there's cartilage involve two 0:15:32.440 --> 0:15:35.520 and that's where condroblasts come in form the new cartilage. 0:15:35.920 --> 0:15:40.080 And between those three types of cells, you are regenerating 0:15:40.080 --> 0:15:44.080 your bone and uh, every day basically yes, Okay, so 0:15:44.160 --> 0:15:46.880 in the fact that we have this constantly going on, 0:15:47.480 --> 0:15:49.760 it's not that big of a deal to your bones 0:15:50.280 --> 0:15:53.640 to undertake this process of healing like this is. Those 0:15:53.680 --> 0:15:58.680 are the reasons why condro condro blasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts 0:15:58.840 --> 0:16:03.480 are the reasons why we can regenerate new bone once 0:16:03.640 --> 0:16:05.680 we break it. Yeah, and like from the moment you 0:16:05.720 --> 0:16:08.480 break your bone, it kind of starts to begin this 0:16:08.520 --> 0:16:11.720 process of healing itself, which is pretty great. And if 0:16:11.720 --> 0:16:14.200 you were like trapped in the woods and you could 0:16:14.240 --> 0:16:17.560 get it set sort of right, you're gonna probably be okay, 0:16:18.200 --> 0:16:21.240 Like you don't need a doctor. Well, you need a 0:16:21.280 --> 0:16:24.800 doctor in many cases. But before there were doctors, people 0:16:24.840 --> 0:16:28.120 still healed broken bones. Yeah, I mean the body does so. Yeah, 0:16:28.160 --> 0:16:31.280 And depending on how how well the whole thing went, 0:16:31.320 --> 0:16:33.640 you might be totally fine, yeah, or you might walk 0:16:33.640 --> 0:16:35.600 with a little hitchen your giddy hill. Right. Yeah. If 0:16:35.640 --> 0:16:38.440 it's the Middle Ages, you never know. So when when 0:16:38.440 --> 0:16:42.800 a bone breaks, there's the your body undertakes this process 0:16:42.840 --> 0:16:48.680 of regeneration. Um. There's three phases, that's right, three phases, right, 0:16:49.160 --> 0:16:52.400 and uh, the first phase is the actual break. And 0:16:52.480 --> 0:16:55.920 remember there's there's um blood vessels in your bones, yeah, 0:16:55.960 --> 0:16:58.560 surrounding the bone. So does break two. Yes, which that 0:16:58.720 --> 0:17:00.680 sounds bad, but it's kind of good. It is. The 0:17:00.720 --> 0:17:04.000 body says, I'm gonna make lemons lemonade out of the 0:17:04.080 --> 0:17:06.960 lemons that have just been dealt. Yeah, I'm bleeding profusely, 0:17:07.119 --> 0:17:09.560 but I'm gonna go ahead and take that blood, let 0:17:09.560 --> 0:17:13.200 it build up in the fissure in the crack um 0:17:13.280 --> 0:17:15.879 and create a cloth. Yeah, which helps. It's called a 0:17:15.920 --> 0:17:20.120 fracture hematoma, and that's the beginning of the healing process. 0:17:20.160 --> 0:17:23.880 It stabilizes everything, keeps it as lined up as possible, 0:17:24.600 --> 0:17:27.600 and cuts off the flow of blood. To those jagged 0:17:27.680 --> 0:17:30.840 edges there, right, And since the jagged edges lose blood flow, 0:17:30.880 --> 0:17:34.400 they start to die, and so the the I guess 0:17:34.480 --> 0:17:37.040 the parts of the fracture that are going to be 0:17:37.119 --> 0:17:42.040 the roughest just fall away and are reabsorbed. Yeah right, Yeah, 0:17:42.040 --> 0:17:45.679 it's gonna cause the swelling and inflammation because it's like 0:17:45.800 --> 0:17:47.879 everything's hard at work. All these cells are hard at 0:17:47.880 --> 0:17:50.960 work trying to you know, get all the dead tissue 0:17:51.000 --> 0:17:54.200 out of there. Uh. And then little tiny blood vessels 0:17:54.200 --> 0:17:57.320 are going to start to grow again. Um, they grow 0:17:57.440 --> 0:18:01.399 in the in the claw, so that now all of 0:18:01.440 --> 0:18:04.400 a sudden there's a transport system to this area, that's right. 0:18:04.840 --> 0:18:07.560 And that takes place over about three or four days. 0:18:07.560 --> 0:18:12.480 The sematoma um develops, right, that's right. Um, so that 0:18:12.520 --> 0:18:15.240 will develop into you know, it gets tougher as it 0:18:15.280 --> 0:18:19.240 goes and it forms something called soft callous um, which 0:18:19.280 --> 0:18:22.359 is sort of the beginning of I liken it to 0:18:22.440 --> 0:18:26.200 like an internal cast almost right, like the beginnings of it. 0:18:26.480 --> 0:18:29.400 And it gets harder and harder as this process goes on. Yeah, 0:18:29.440 --> 0:18:32.359 so you and this actually replaces the clock, like the 0:18:32.400 --> 0:18:35.000 clock kind of turns into the soft callous right, and 0:18:35.040 --> 0:18:38.480 the soft callous is the result of um, these things 0:18:38.480 --> 0:18:44.200 called fibroblasts which start producing collagen, and this collagen builds 0:18:44.280 --> 0:18:48.440 up and um, that's what develops your soft callous. That's right. 0:18:48.480 --> 0:18:50.720 It's kind of like, um, you have your skin, it's 0:18:50.760 --> 0:18:53.400 made of collagen. Yeah, it's a protein. Your bones apparently 0:18:53.400 --> 0:18:56.120 made of collagen to essentially it's the it's the base 0:18:56.200 --> 0:18:58.480 protein for bone and skin color. Where would we be 0:18:58.560 --> 0:19:01.000 without collagen? We would just be keeping mess on the floor, 0:19:01.040 --> 0:19:04.960 would be in zero's ville zero. Um. And then this 0:19:05.119 --> 0:19:06.960 so you've got the soft callous and then the soft 0:19:06.960 --> 0:19:11.240 callous is eventually replaced um with something called the fibro 0:19:11.600 --> 0:19:16.000 cartilaginous callous yea condroblasts or the cells that helped produce that. 0:19:16.520 --> 0:19:19.720 And again this is just a process of hardening and 0:19:19.800 --> 0:19:23.360 strengthening as the bones are lined up right, And all 0:19:23.400 --> 0:19:26.919 of it started with that hematoma, that clot and it 0:19:27.080 --> 0:19:30.399 was it's become replaced and then um, now it's getting 0:19:30.400 --> 0:19:33.159 a little harder, it's getting a little tougher, and I 0:19:33.240 --> 0:19:39.000 guess you have the fibro cartilage cartilaginous callous that remains 0:19:39.560 --> 0:19:42.119 and rather than being replaced by the bone callous the 0:19:42.119 --> 0:19:45.440 bone callous builds around it. Yeah, and that's the actual 0:19:45.680 --> 0:19:49.359 linking device that links the two pieces of the bone together. 0:19:49.400 --> 0:19:52.080 That's the bridge, right. And those osteo blasts that are 0:19:52.119 --> 0:19:56.640 responsible for um the bone remodeling that constantly goes on, 0:19:57.160 --> 0:20:00.359 they're the ones producing the bone callous and the bone alice. 0:20:00.720 --> 0:20:04.520 If the soft callous is the beginning of that initial cast, 0:20:05.160 --> 0:20:08.280 this is like the cast that your body builds for 0:20:08.440 --> 0:20:11.720 your bone, and it covers the area and allows that 0:20:11.800 --> 0:20:15.760 bone regeneration to take place in this completely protected area. Yeah. 0:20:15.800 --> 0:20:19.440 So the fibro cartilus callus is a few days, I'm sorry, 0:20:19.480 --> 0:20:21.960 a few weeks, and then the hard bone callous is 0:20:22.000 --> 0:20:24.080 three or four months. Right. That's why you when you 0:20:24.119 --> 0:20:26.440 have a cast on, you have to have your cast 0:20:26.520 --> 0:20:29.440 for several months or at least a couple of months, 0:20:29.480 --> 0:20:32.960 usually long enough for a distinct Yeah, and it should 0:20:33.160 --> 0:20:35.840 get ants inside. Yeah. I remember being a kid and 0:20:35.880 --> 0:20:38.639 being jealous of kids who got their cast signed in 0:20:38.720 --> 0:20:41.600 things because it was always, you know, the kid would 0:20:41.600 --> 0:20:44.040 show up, they get a lot of attention, and everyone 0:20:44.040 --> 0:20:45.680 would sign their cast and it was just a big thing. 0:20:45.680 --> 0:20:47.400 And I never broke my bone, and I was just 0:20:47.440 --> 0:20:50.560 like I want to break a bone. Do you do? 0:20:50.600 --> 0:20:53.600 You even remember the Simpsons where Bart has a cast 0:20:53.680 --> 0:20:57.760 for the summer Man. It is season two, three four 0:20:57.880 --> 0:20:59.640 something like that. It's one of the best ones ever 0:21:00.080 --> 0:21:04.080 because simultaneously I think, um, I guess the Simpsons get 0:21:04.080 --> 0:21:07.679 a pool too, and everybody's having so much fun in 0:21:07.680 --> 0:21:09.399 the pool, but Bart can't get in and there's like 0:21:09.400 --> 0:21:14.520 a rear window like rear window thing going on with him. Um, right, 0:21:14.560 --> 0:21:17.440 because Jimmy Stuart was in the wheelchair, right yeah, um. 0:21:17.480 --> 0:21:20.240 But Millhouse comes over and Bart's like, mill House, my 0:21:20.359 --> 0:21:22.720 trust of friends, you won't leave me, Willie, and he's 0:21:22.720 --> 0:21:25.439 signing Bart's cast. He's like, I gotta go Bart, and 0:21:25.480 --> 0:21:31.240 they show his signature. It says Millpool. Anyway, that's the 0:21:31.280 --> 0:21:34.200 Simpsons episode. That's good. It's a good one. And when 0:21:34.200 --> 0:21:36.199 I was a kid too that they still had them 0:21:36.800 --> 0:21:39.040 early on, they still had the plaster cast you know 0:21:39.119 --> 0:21:41.680 that we're really easy to sign, and then they kind 0:21:41.680 --> 0:21:43.320 of I don't even know what they're made of now, 0:21:43.359 --> 0:21:48.879 but it looks more like, ah, like fibrous, you know. 0:21:48.880 --> 0:21:52.840 Whatever's hard. It's harder to sign though. Yeah, it's not 0:21:52.880 --> 0:21:54.679 like the old days. No, but don't They have like 0:21:54.760 --> 0:21:57.720 designs and colors and stuff they so kids can like 0:21:57.760 --> 0:22:00.480 get funky with their casts. I'm sure they do. Actually 0:22:00.480 --> 0:22:03.280 I've never seen it, but that makes total sense. Make 0:22:03.600 --> 0:22:08.440 broken bones fun like band aids and stuff. All Right, So, um, 0:22:08.480 --> 0:22:10.639 we've got our bone callous. That is when the healing 0:22:10.720 --> 0:22:14.040 is really going on. That is the stable protection, the 0:22:14.119 --> 0:22:18.719 interior cast as it is or as it could be. Right, 0:22:18.760 --> 0:22:21.960 and you could leave that alone. Yeah, and like you said, 0:22:22.119 --> 0:22:24.720 risk dying or having a lamp or something like that. 0:22:24.720 --> 0:22:26.840 You can take a chance if you wanted, right, But 0:22:26.880 --> 0:22:30.600 if medical science is anything it's interventionist. So they come 0:22:30.640 --> 0:22:34.600 in and they say, we're gonna help this process along 0:22:34.680 --> 0:22:37.240 as best as we can. And a lot of times 0:22:37.240 --> 0:22:40.680 it's as simple as creating a cast, which basically forms 0:22:40.680 --> 0:22:46.320 that protective layer and keeps kids from doing stuff that's 0:22:46.359 --> 0:22:51.480 fun while their bone is reproducing itself. Yeah, they're gonna 0:22:51.520 --> 0:22:54.320 diagnose you. They're gonna immobilize it with that cast and 0:22:54.359 --> 0:22:58.680 make sure it's all in proper alignment. Um, maybe a splint, 0:22:58.880 --> 0:23:02.159 maybe a sling, maybe a brace, whatever it takes, depending 0:23:02.200 --> 0:23:04.000 on like where the break is, how bad it is, 0:23:04.440 --> 0:23:10.320 how old you are, and horrifically. It's probably painful. Yeah, 0:23:10.359 --> 0:23:13.639