1 00:00:00,920 --> 00:00:04,000 Speaker 1: This is Latino USA, the radio journal of News and 2 00:00:04,160 --> 00:00:05,440 Speaker 1: courtur Latino US. 3 00:00:05,720 --> 00:00:07,480 Speaker 2: Latin Latino USA. 4 00:00:07,720 --> 00:00:11,320 Speaker 1: I'm Maria Inojosa. We bring you stories that are underreported 5 00:00:11,640 --> 00:00:14,120 Speaker 1: but that mattered to you, overlooked by the rest of 6 00:00:14,160 --> 00:00:14,840 Speaker 1: the media. 7 00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:16,920 Speaker 2: And while the country is struggling to deal with these, we. 8 00:00:16,960 --> 00:00:19,960 Speaker 1: Listen to the stories of Black and Latino Studio United 9 00:00:20,079 --> 00:00:24,919 Speaker 1: Latino Front, a cultural renaissance organizing at the forefront of 10 00:00:24,960 --> 00:00:32,640 Speaker 1: the movement. I'm Maria Inojosa, Lan Latino USA. Listener, Hope 11 00:00:32,640 --> 00:00:36,479 Speaker 1: you're having a good one. Here's a show from the archives. 12 00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:45,400 Speaker 3: Eight seven, six, five five for engine Ignition two one zero. 13 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:48,600 Speaker 2: Relate and lift off. 14 00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:53,760 Speaker 3: As the countdowns cars continues the Perseverance of humanity launching 15 00:00:53,800 --> 00:00:56,720 Speaker 3: the next generation of robotic explorers to the Red Planet. 16 00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:06,440 Speaker 1: From Fudromidia and RX. It's Latino USA. I'm Mariano Rosa. 17 00:01:06,959 --> 00:01:09,200 Speaker 1: Today we meet some of the Latinos working on the 18 00:01:09,319 --> 00:01:19,959 Speaker 1: twenty twenty historic Perseverance mission to Mars. It's been about 19 00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:25,000 Speaker 1: forty five years since the first US spacecraft landed safely 20 00:01:25,280 --> 00:01:29,160 Speaker 1: on Mars. Since then, there have been several other missions 21 00:01:29,160 --> 00:01:31,880 Speaker 1: to the Red Planet, each one building off of the 22 00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:36,440 Speaker 1: other and getting us to where we are today Perseverance. 23 00:01:37,400 --> 00:01:40,479 Speaker 4: After the Rover Curiosity landed on Mars eight years ago, 24 00:01:40,640 --> 00:01:44,640 Speaker 4: it confirmed the Red planet once could have supported life. 25 00:01:44,880 --> 00:01:48,920 Speaker 4: Perseverance will try to find definitive proof catch. 26 00:01:48,760 --> 00:01:54,000 Speaker 5: Out confirmed Perseverance safely on the sefith of Mars. 27 00:01:54,840 --> 00:01:58,640 Speaker 1: The Rover left Earth last July and traveled almost three 28 00:01:58,720 --> 00:02:03,640 Speaker 1: hundred million miles across space to its destination, the Red Planet. 29 00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:06,800 Speaker 1: And on today's episode, you're going to hear from some 30 00:02:06,840 --> 00:02:11,280 Speaker 1: of the Latinos and Latinas whose own perseverance made this 31 00:02:11,440 --> 00:02:14,800 Speaker 1: mission possible. People like Dianna Trujillo. 32 00:02:15,200 --> 00:02:19,799 Speaker 6: The night before always were empty and I am setting 33 00:02:19,880 --> 00:02:24,000 Speaker 6: up thinking about, you know, having the biggest night of 34 00:02:24,040 --> 00:02:27,880 Speaker 6: my career. On the next morning, on getting ready. 35 00:02:27,680 --> 00:02:30,520 Speaker 1: For it, Christina Ernandez. 36 00:02:30,320 --> 00:02:33,959 Speaker 7: I woke up super early because I could not sleep 37 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:38,760 Speaker 7: at all in the anticipation of landing on Mars. I 38 00:02:38,960 --> 00:02:41,560 Speaker 7: was one of the people who was actually supporting remotely 39 00:02:41,600 --> 00:02:45,320 Speaker 7: from home. So because of the pandemic, a large majority 40 00:02:45,400 --> 00:02:48,200 Speaker 7: of our team is actually working remotely. 41 00:02:48,639 --> 00:02:49,680 Speaker 1: Elio Morigo. 42 00:02:50,440 --> 00:02:53,560 Speaker 5: The moment we landed, we were just you know, throwing 43 00:02:53,600 --> 00:02:57,840 Speaker 5: our arms up. It was super emotional because after so 44 00:02:57,919 --> 00:03:00,800 Speaker 5: many years, our baby was fine only on the surface 45 00:03:00,800 --> 00:03:03,360 Speaker 5: of Mars, ready to get on with the science mission. 46 00:03:04,280 --> 00:03:09,040 Speaker 1: And Alejandro Miguel San Martin, who went viral after his 47 00:03:09,160 --> 00:03:13,040 Speaker 1: daughter shared with the world Alejandro's reaction to the moment 48 00:03:13,080 --> 00:03:15,760 Speaker 1: when Perseverance landed on Mars. 49 00:03:21,840 --> 00:03:28,840 Speaker 8: Table being at home, my wife next to me, I 50 00:03:28,960 --> 00:03:31,840 Speaker 8: was more free to actually be part of the experience 51 00:03:32,840 --> 00:03:35,400 Speaker 8: than in the previous for landings that I was in 52 00:03:35,440 --> 00:03:38,880 Speaker 8: the control room in a more bridgie settings, because you're 53 00:03:38,880 --> 00:03:42,080 Speaker 8: doing a job, and so I think that's also play 54 00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:46,280 Speaker 8: a role in my being able to celebrate the great 55 00:03:46,320 --> 00:03:48,240 Speaker 8: success of Perseverance landing. 56 00:03:53,720 --> 00:03:58,080 Speaker 1: Year's producer Reinaldo Leanos Junior bringing us their stories. 57 00:04:00,960 --> 00:04:04,960 Speaker 2: Diana tru Hill was working late at NASA's JPL Jet 58 00:04:05,040 --> 00:04:10,160 Speaker 2: Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, the night before the Perseverance 59 00:04:10,240 --> 00:04:13,840 Speaker 2: rover would finally touch down on the surface of Mars. 60 00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:17,440 Speaker 6: That night, I think it was not only reflecting on that, 61 00:04:17,640 --> 00:04:22,320 Speaker 6: reflecting also oman family and understanding how far we have 62 00:04:22,440 --> 00:04:26,920 Speaker 6: gotten us humanity and recognizing that everybody is going to 63 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:30,000 Speaker 6: get to see what we're about to do on Mars. 64 00:04:30,600 --> 00:04:33,840 Speaker 2: As flight director for the rover, Deanna knew that in 65 00:04:34,040 --> 00:04:36,800 Speaker 2: just a couple of hours should be a part of history. 66 00:04:37,560 --> 00:04:42,240 Speaker 6: I was setting up and getting ready for the first 67 00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:45,880 Speaker 6: Spanish language landing broadcast and NASA has done for a 68 00:04:45,920 --> 00:04:55,520 Speaker 6: planetary mission, Perseverance. 69 00:05:00,160 --> 00:05:03,200 Speaker 2: Deanna would lead this broadcast and give a play by 70 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:06,600 Speaker 2: play as the rover inch closer and closer to landing. 71 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:10,440 Speaker 2: The idea for a Spanish language broadcast came to her 72 00:05:10,560 --> 00:05:13,479 Speaker 2: when she was working on another Mars mission about a 73 00:05:13,520 --> 00:05:15,480 Speaker 2: decade ago, Curiosity. 74 00:05:16,120 --> 00:05:18,440 Speaker 6: It came to my mind, maybe like a week or 75 00:05:18,440 --> 00:05:22,279 Speaker 6: a few days before Curiosity landed in twenty twelve. But 76 00:05:22,480 --> 00:05:24,800 Speaker 6: since then I've been, you know, going to the media 77 00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:29,000 Speaker 6: office periodically every time there's a major mission happening, like hey, 78 00:05:29,080 --> 00:05:30,719 Speaker 6: we should do this in Spanish, Hey we should do 79 00:05:30,720 --> 00:05:34,040 Speaker 6: this in Spanish and yeah, So right before Perseverance started, 80 00:05:34,640 --> 00:05:37,160 Speaker 6: I mentioned it again and consistently, I feel like for 81 00:05:37,200 --> 00:05:40,080 Speaker 6: seven years, and then they said yes, So. 82 00:05:40,080 --> 00:05:47,720 Speaker 9: Idiana trojijoa, studijando director Deuelo, the Superficia, the Perseverance. 83 00:05:48,320 --> 00:05:49,240 Speaker 6: But oh thank god. 84 00:05:50,839 --> 00:05:56,360 Speaker 9: Pre program my nest Panol de la Nasa Planetario bien venils. 85 00:05:56,760 --> 00:06:01,360 Speaker 2: Throughout nearly two hours of broadcast, Deanna several guests by 86 00:06:01,440 --> 00:06:04,839 Speaker 2: virtually like Lola and Abby from Sestime Street. 87 00:06:05,040 --> 00:06:05,440 Speaker 1: Oh. 88 00:06:08,760 --> 00:06:10,160 Speaker 6: Ona Is the Lisa C. 89 00:06:10,680 --> 00:06:16,200 Speaker 3: Mascalistas see Lola Estadosperandusi Momento. 90 00:06:17,800 --> 00:06:28,960 Speaker 2: And Colombian artist Juanzolissa. Journalists Ramos and Maria, Elena Salinas 91 00:06:29,279 --> 00:06:33,280 Speaker 2: and others also made an appearance. Just before one pm 92 00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:42,680 Speaker 2: Pacific time on February eighteenth, Perseverance landed on mars Emo Perceeo. 93 00:06:45,160 --> 00:06:47,320 Speaker 10: Takewaymorrow. 94 00:06:48,440 --> 00:06:52,760 Speaker 2: The video of the Spanish broadcast, which they called Junto Samos, 95 00:06:53,279 --> 00:06:56,440 Speaker 2: has more than two point six million views on YouTube. 96 00:06:56,920 --> 00:06:58,600 Speaker 6: Our culture showed up to it. 97 00:06:58,800 --> 00:06:58,920 Speaker 8: Right. 98 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:01,960 Speaker 6: It wasn't like please come, It was the other way, 99 00:07:02,360 --> 00:07:04,760 Speaker 6: which was thank you for having it in Spanish. We 100 00:07:04,880 --> 00:07:07,880 Speaker 6: wanted to hear it. We have always been here, but 101 00:07:08,320 --> 00:07:10,320 Speaker 6: you know, nobody was talking to us. So now somebody's 102 00:07:10,360 --> 00:07:11,760 Speaker 6: talking to us, and that's great. 103 00:07:12,280 --> 00:07:15,720 Speaker 2: Her family in the US and abroad also tuned in. 104 00:07:16,200 --> 00:07:20,920 Speaker 6: I'm from Colombia in my country on the public channel, 105 00:07:21,120 --> 00:07:25,200 Speaker 6: they broadcasted it, so my grandma saw it and she 106 00:07:25,440 --> 00:07:27,280 Speaker 6: was super excited. She was actually on the phone with 107 00:07:27,400 --> 00:07:31,360 Speaker 6: my mom, my kids, my husband, my mom. They're all 108 00:07:31,480 --> 00:07:34,440 Speaker 6: watching it on TV at home while I'm at the office. 109 00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:35,320 Speaker 1: Dan. 110 00:07:35,360 --> 00:07:38,520 Speaker 2: I was glad her family watched, but even more excited 111 00:07:38,680 --> 00:07:41,040 Speaker 2: that they were part of this collective experience. 112 00:07:41,600 --> 00:07:44,040 Speaker 6: I'm sure that if he hadn't been the pandemic, and 113 00:07:44,360 --> 00:07:47,160 Speaker 6: you know, I love my culture and everything. I feel 114 00:07:47,240 --> 00:07:50,160 Speaker 6: like we would have pull up the TV outside everybody 115 00:07:50,160 --> 00:07:52,160 Speaker 6: will have you on the street. People will be like 116 00:07:52,280 --> 00:07:54,840 Speaker 6: watch this, and like all the neighbors would have opened 117 00:07:54,840 --> 00:07:57,840 Speaker 6: the doors, Like I could see that happening on my 118 00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:00,720 Speaker 6: country and even on my own street right where everybody 119 00:08:00,880 --> 00:08:03,200 Speaker 6: just unites for a single thing that is happening with 120 00:08:03,320 --> 00:08:05,400 Speaker 6: a lot of pride because we're part of it. 121 00:08:09,240 --> 00:08:12,000 Speaker 2: The road to NASA has been a long one for Vienna, 122 00:08:12,520 --> 00:08:16,040 Speaker 2: but she remembers different times throughout her life that space 123 00:08:16,480 --> 00:08:19,680 Speaker 2: found its way to her. The first time was when 124 00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:22,360 Speaker 2: she was a little girl and her parents were getting 125 00:08:22,400 --> 00:08:25,760 Speaker 2: a divorce. As she felt that everything around her was 126 00:08:25,800 --> 00:08:29,320 Speaker 2: falling off, the stars in the night sky held her up. 127 00:08:31,320 --> 00:08:34,719 Speaker 6: That's when space came in for me, because I think 128 00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:37,200 Speaker 6: that it was just more of like an escape kind 129 00:08:37,240 --> 00:08:38,719 Speaker 6: of like now as an adult, you know, you have 130 00:08:38,800 --> 00:08:40,720 Speaker 6: a bad day and you go out for a walk 131 00:08:40,880 --> 00:08:42,520 Speaker 6: and you look at the stars and you're like, Okay, 132 00:08:42,679 --> 00:08:45,439 Speaker 6: I got my moment of I'm calm. Now, that's the 133 00:08:45,480 --> 00:08:47,360 Speaker 6: same it was for me when I was a little girl, 134 00:08:47,400 --> 00:08:50,679 Speaker 6: So thinking about the stars, looking at how awesome that is, 135 00:08:50,840 --> 00:08:54,959 Speaker 6: and then as you're in that zone of peace, recognizing that, 136 00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:58,319 Speaker 6: my god, somebody actually walked on the moon, which is 137 00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:01,240 Speaker 6: insane and I am so far from that and there's 138 00:09:01,280 --> 00:09:03,439 Speaker 6: no way I will ever do that and it's not 139 00:09:03,600 --> 00:09:06,000 Speaker 6: going to happen. But how cool would it be to 140 00:09:06,360 --> 00:09:11,400 Speaker 6: understand how that works? Because somehow the sky figure out 141 00:09:11,480 --> 00:09:15,680 Speaker 6: how to make it all work, and we haven't on Earth. 142 00:09:16,320 --> 00:09:19,000 Speaker 2: It was the women Indiana's life who would make her 143 00:09:19,040 --> 00:09:22,280 Speaker 2: aware of her true potential. On frequent visits to her 144 00:09:22,320 --> 00:09:25,280 Speaker 2: grandmother's house, who lived just the block away from her, 145 00:09:25,720 --> 00:09:27,880 Speaker 2: she would sit on the floor and listen to her 146 00:09:27,920 --> 00:09:32,000 Speaker 2: Abuela Diaz and cousins talk about everything. 147 00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:33,839 Speaker 6: Oh, my husband did this, You're not gonna be leave that. 148 00:09:34,320 --> 00:09:37,800 Speaker 6: It was kind of like they were coming together to 149 00:09:38,040 --> 00:09:41,199 Speaker 6: share with each other the stories of what had occurred 150 00:09:41,240 --> 00:09:45,040 Speaker 6: to them on that week. There was this beautiful thing 151 00:09:45,640 --> 00:09:49,319 Speaker 6: where there was a community of women. They were just 152 00:09:49,480 --> 00:09:51,920 Speaker 6: helping each other, and it was almost like this is 153 00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:54,599 Speaker 6: happening to me, Is this happening to you? 154 00:09:55,320 --> 00:09:58,840 Speaker 2: Or how did you handle this, Danna says, is coming 155 00:09:58,960 --> 00:10:02,439 Speaker 2: together of women was essential for her to recognize that 156 00:10:02,559 --> 00:10:05,920 Speaker 2: everyone has problems, that there is always a way out. 157 00:10:06,480 --> 00:10:10,040 Speaker 6: Those problems, in many cases were very similar to each other. 158 00:10:10,480 --> 00:10:12,439 Speaker 6: I can do this, I can do that, or I 159 00:10:12,480 --> 00:10:14,719 Speaker 6: don't have this, or I don't have that, and a 160 00:10:14,800 --> 00:10:16,439 Speaker 6: lot of the I can do this, I can do 161 00:10:16,600 --> 00:10:22,520 Speaker 6: that were related to the relationship where your significant other 162 00:10:23,160 --> 00:10:26,559 Speaker 6: and the backing down from what you wanted out of 163 00:10:27,120 --> 00:10:32,280 Speaker 6: in some level, fear fear of it's all to my partner. 164 00:10:32,400 --> 00:10:36,079 Speaker 6: I give everything to my partner. But what about you, Like, 165 00:10:36,200 --> 00:10:39,440 Speaker 6: when are you going to think about for one moment, 166 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:41,600 Speaker 6: this is what I want to do, this is how 167 00:10:41,640 --> 00:10:42,240 Speaker 6: I want to do it. 168 00:10:43,040 --> 00:10:47,000 Speaker 2: She started to wonder what about her, what were her 169 00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:48,640 Speaker 2: goals and really. 170 00:10:48,520 --> 00:10:51,760 Speaker 6: What that to me translated after a while through the 171 00:10:51,880 --> 00:10:56,160 Speaker 6: years was mainly that my grandma didn't finish middle school 172 00:10:56,480 --> 00:11:01,719 Speaker 6: because of concerns from her significant other completely education. My 173 00:11:01,880 --> 00:11:05,000 Speaker 6: mom also took a long time to even complete her 174 00:11:05,160 --> 00:11:08,240 Speaker 6: degree because she was supporting my dad. 175 00:11:08,960 --> 00:11:12,559 Speaker 2: But her mom and grandma wanted Diana's life to be different. 176 00:11:13,360 --> 00:11:16,920 Speaker 2: With high hopes and expectations for her. They had officially 177 00:11:17,040 --> 00:11:18,800 Speaker 2: named her Lady Danna. 178 00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:22,400 Speaker 6: Part of my understanding from my grandma and choosing the 179 00:11:22,480 --> 00:11:26,559 Speaker 6: name is you don't come second, you come first because 180 00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:28,920 Speaker 6: you're our princess of the house and we want you 181 00:11:29,000 --> 00:11:32,120 Speaker 6: to do so great. And so they tried everything from 182 00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:36,720 Speaker 6: the name to the environment to protect me and build 183 00:11:36,760 --> 00:11:38,760 Speaker 6: me in a way that I could see that I 184 00:11:38,800 --> 00:11:40,160 Speaker 6: could do anything I wanted. 185 00:11:40,960 --> 00:11:43,920 Speaker 2: Danna eventually moved to the US when she was seventeen 186 00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:48,079 Speaker 2: years old. She knew she wanted to pursue something challenging. 187 00:11:48,840 --> 00:11:51,079 Speaker 6: I have to do something hard. I have to do 188 00:11:51,240 --> 00:11:54,960 Speaker 6: something that sends the message internally to my family really 189 00:11:55,080 --> 00:12:00,040 Speaker 6: that women do add value, that women have value and 190 00:12:00,280 --> 00:12:04,960 Speaker 6: we can contribute as much as another person or more. 191 00:12:05,840 --> 00:12:08,280 Speaker 6: So when I got here at that, how do I 192 00:12:08,760 --> 00:12:11,040 Speaker 6: help the men and my family recognize that. 193 00:12:12,320 --> 00:12:14,800 Speaker 2: She knew being an astronaut was one of the hardest 194 00:12:14,840 --> 00:12:18,199 Speaker 2: things someone could do, so she started to explore the 195 00:12:18,280 --> 00:12:21,959 Speaker 2: career paths of other astronauts and discovered several of them 196 00:12:22,440 --> 00:12:27,760 Speaker 2: were aerospace engineers. That eventually led her to NASA JPL, 197 00:12:28,240 --> 00:12:31,439 Speaker 2: where she's had many hats. As the Mars mission has evolved. 198 00:12:32,280 --> 00:12:35,440 Speaker 2: These days, Danna and her colleagues work around the clock 199 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:37,760 Speaker 2: to make sure everything's okay on Mars. 200 00:12:38,480 --> 00:12:40,800 Speaker 6: A way of actually picturing this in my mind is 201 00:12:40,880 --> 00:12:43,520 Speaker 6: like you're walking through a house and you're turning every 202 00:12:43,559 --> 00:12:46,400 Speaker 6: single light, making sure that every light bulb warks, and 203 00:12:46,520 --> 00:12:48,000 Speaker 6: then nothing has actually burned. 204 00:12:48,520 --> 00:12:51,559 Speaker 2: She says. The rover has a schedule like you and I. 205 00:12:52,280 --> 00:12:54,640 Speaker 6: In our case, you know, you put your alarm at 206 00:12:54,760 --> 00:12:58,720 Speaker 6: not six am. The rover has an alarm at nine am, 207 00:12:59,280 --> 00:13:03,640 Speaker 6: and so the wakes up at nine am to listen 208 00:13:03,800 --> 00:13:07,520 Speaker 6: to the commands of the day, which includes commanding everything 209 00:13:07,600 --> 00:13:11,160 Speaker 6: from moving the arm, taking images, doing any type of 210 00:13:11,600 --> 00:13:17,640 Speaker 6: instrument activity, driving. But the rover just like it's exactly 211 00:13:17,840 --> 00:13:19,319 Speaker 6: like you and I. Right at some point it's like 212 00:13:19,600 --> 00:13:22,760 Speaker 6: I need to recharge my batteries, and so we put 213 00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:23,440 Speaker 6: it to sleep. 214 00:13:26,080 --> 00:13:28,680 Speaker 2: Deanna says the days on Earth and Mars are different, 215 00:13:29,040 --> 00:13:32,199 Speaker 2: so sometimes they'll start at midnight and maybe another day 216 00:13:32,240 --> 00:13:35,960 Speaker 2: they'll start at three am or ten am. It just varies, 217 00:13:36,600 --> 00:13:38,800 Speaker 2: and while she plans to continue to be part of 218 00:13:38,840 --> 00:13:41,960 Speaker 2: the Mars mission, Deanna has not given up on her 219 00:13:42,040 --> 00:13:44,320 Speaker 2: original goal to become an astronaut. 220 00:13:45,840 --> 00:13:49,839 Speaker 6: If the opportunity way to come, I will certainly go 221 00:13:50,200 --> 00:13:52,160 Speaker 6: right if you were to ask me right now, Hey, 222 00:13:52,440 --> 00:13:54,439 Speaker 6: there's an open spot you want to go or not. 223 00:13:55,240 --> 00:13:56,920 Speaker 6: I was like, yeah, let's do it, Like there's no 224 00:13:57,480 --> 00:14:01,520 Speaker 6: let me go think about it, let me consult. Nope, 225 00:14:01,720 --> 00:14:03,920 Speaker 6: it's like, oh yeah, I already have my list of 226 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:05,040 Speaker 6: what I will pack done. 227 00:14:14,880 --> 00:14:18,640 Speaker 1: Coming up on Latino USA, we'll hear more from Latinos 228 00:14:18,720 --> 00:14:22,600 Speaker 1: and Latinas who helped make this recent mission to Mars possible, 229 00:14:23,280 --> 00:14:25,800 Speaker 1: and they're going to share some inspirational words for any 230 00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:28,560 Speaker 1: of you who are thinking about a career in NASA, 231 00:14:29,120 --> 00:14:33,400 Speaker 1: the Moon, the Stars, stem Mars. Stay with us, don't 232 00:14:33,440 --> 00:15:33,640 Speaker 1: stay like us. Hey we're back and let's get back 233 00:15:33,760 --> 00:15:37,280 Speaker 1: to some of the Latinos and Latinas who recently helped 234 00:15:37,360 --> 00:15:42,000 Speaker 1: send a rover to Mars. Producer Ronaldo Leans Junior once 235 00:15:42,040 --> 00:15:43,720 Speaker 1: again picks up the story from here. 236 00:15:47,480 --> 00:15:49,880 Speaker 2: In the lead up to the rover landing, part of 237 00:15:49,960 --> 00:15:53,400 Speaker 2: the Mars team worked on the rover itself, and others 238 00:15:53,720 --> 00:15:58,920 Speaker 2: worked hard on designing, building, and testing scientific instruments that 239 00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:04,760 Speaker 2: are part of Perseverance. One of those instruments is named Sherlock, 240 00:16:05,400 --> 00:16:06,000 Speaker 2: which is. 241 00:16:06,200 --> 00:16:10,320 Speaker 7: An ultra violet spectrometer and it has a companion called Watson. 242 00:16:10,480 --> 00:16:13,320 Speaker 7: We love our cute names. Watson is a camera that. 243 00:16:13,480 --> 00:16:17,920 Speaker 2: Is Christina Hernandez, a payload system engineer. She worked on 244 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:22,640 Speaker 2: two scientific instruments. One that was developed in Spain called Meta. 245 00:16:23,080 --> 00:16:26,120 Speaker 7: Which is a weather station that has sensors throughout the 246 00:16:26,240 --> 00:16:29,800 Speaker 7: vehicle and is going to help us understand temperature, humidity, 247 00:16:30,240 --> 00:16:31,960 Speaker 7: and even the dust that we have at Mars. 248 00:16:32,560 --> 00:16:36,360 Speaker 2: And one made in Norway called Rimfax, which is. 249 00:16:36,360 --> 00:16:40,200 Speaker 7: A ground penetrating radar that as the rover is traversing 250 00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:44,600 Speaker 7: and trekking along the Martian surface, Rimfax is going to 251 00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:47,080 Speaker 7: be able to image what's underneath. 252 00:16:49,520 --> 00:16:53,000 Speaker 2: Working with teams based outside the US forced Christina to 253 00:16:53,120 --> 00:16:54,640 Speaker 2: adapt to their clocks. 254 00:16:54,920 --> 00:16:56,520 Speaker 7: And so I would have to get up at like 255 00:16:56,720 --> 00:17:00,520 Speaker 7: five am for six am seven am design meetings with 256 00:17:00,760 --> 00:17:03,600 Speaker 7: the team. Early on it was lots of meetings, lots 257 00:17:03,640 --> 00:17:06,280 Speaker 7: of design, lots of like you know, big picture thinking, 258 00:17:06,400 --> 00:17:09,440 Speaker 7: how are we going to do this? And about a 259 00:17:09,560 --> 00:17:13,760 Speaker 7: year and a half from launch it got to my 260 00:17:13,960 --> 00:17:18,320 Speaker 7: favorite part, where you start testing and building hardware and 261 00:17:18,680 --> 00:17:23,200 Speaker 7: seeing how it's working and fighting fires and troubleshooting. That's 262 00:17:23,320 --> 00:17:25,919 Speaker 7: the fun stuff, right You're in the in the tests 263 00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:29,000 Speaker 7: in the lab till like three in the morning, figuring 264 00:17:29,040 --> 00:17:32,439 Speaker 7: out these problems that have come up that you didn't 265 00:17:32,480 --> 00:17:32,920 Speaker 7: prepare for. 266 00:17:36,400 --> 00:17:39,359 Speaker 2: But Christina wasn't always the type of person who liked 267 00:17:39,400 --> 00:17:41,080 Speaker 2: to break and take things apart. 268 00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:44,320 Speaker 7: I didn't grow up being a tinker, you know. I 269 00:17:44,480 --> 00:17:47,159 Speaker 7: wasn't taking apart, you know, remotes and things like that. 270 00:17:47,480 --> 00:17:51,680 Speaker 7: I explored through turning a page in a book. I 271 00:17:52,119 --> 00:17:55,560 Speaker 7: loved reading. I loved sign fiction. And I remember seeing, 272 00:17:56,200 --> 00:18:00,200 Speaker 7: you know, pictures from Saturn that Cassini actually took, and 273 00:18:00,320 --> 00:18:03,200 Speaker 7: I asked myself, I was like, Wow, how do I 274 00:18:03,480 --> 00:18:06,560 Speaker 7: take a picture of something that's so far away, so 275 00:18:06,800 --> 00:18:09,359 Speaker 7: far out of my perspective and my reality. 276 00:18:10,280 --> 00:18:13,280 Speaker 2: Christina realized that she wanted to be someone who helps 277 00:18:13,359 --> 00:18:17,720 Speaker 2: answer those questions that are fundamental to being human, like 278 00:18:18,160 --> 00:18:21,040 Speaker 2: why are we here? And what else is out there? 279 00:18:21,840 --> 00:18:26,040 Speaker 7: I wanted to be an engineer that helped enable science, 280 00:18:26,240 --> 00:18:28,320 Speaker 7: and I really feel that's what I get to do 281 00:18:28,640 --> 00:18:32,760 Speaker 7: every single day as this payload systems engineer, which is 282 00:18:32,840 --> 00:18:37,240 Speaker 7: really just a fancy title for somebody who helps develop 283 00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:40,280 Speaker 7: the tools and the science instruments that we take to 284 00:18:40,359 --> 00:18:43,600 Speaker 7: go explore and answer these fundamental questions. 285 00:18:46,880 --> 00:18:50,800 Speaker 2: The first time Christina heard about NASA's JPL was through 286 00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:54,600 Speaker 2: a show called Nova on PBS. She learned that it 287 00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:58,040 Speaker 2: was at JPL where some of these engineers made missions 288 00:18:58,119 --> 00:18:59,639 Speaker 2: in space a reality. 289 00:19:00,400 --> 00:19:04,520 Speaker 7: My mom was such a supporter of taking me to 290 00:19:04,600 --> 00:19:07,679 Speaker 7: the library, taking me to museums because we couldn't afford 291 00:19:07,760 --> 00:19:12,239 Speaker 7: space camp, so my mother sought out opportunities that were 292 00:19:12,320 --> 00:19:16,200 Speaker 7: accessible to us, and one of those was JPL's open House. 293 00:19:16,640 --> 00:19:22,280 Speaker 7: I just came away with the feeling of this place's 294 00:19:22,359 --> 00:19:26,600 Speaker 7: Disneyland for nerds. You're walking around open house and these 295 00:19:26,680 --> 00:19:31,840 Speaker 7: engineers are driving small robots over kids. They're bringing out 296 00:19:31,880 --> 00:19:35,280 Speaker 7: our larger robots from the Mars yard and showcasing them. 297 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:39,760 Speaker 7: I just never realized that there was a place where 298 00:19:39,880 --> 00:19:41,560 Speaker 7: science fiction meets reality. 299 00:19:44,040 --> 00:19:48,240 Speaker 2: When Christina was an elementary school, her dad, an electrical technician, 300 00:19:48,680 --> 00:19:51,120 Speaker 2: was studying to be an electrical engineer. 301 00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:54,840 Speaker 7: My dad would always take me everywhere with him. He 302 00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:58,399 Speaker 7: would take me to the facilities, and I just specifically 303 00:19:58,480 --> 00:20:01,720 Speaker 7: remember cal State, LA. There was a couple of you know, 304 00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:04,960 Speaker 7: electrical centers that he would go and check in and repair, 305 00:20:05,720 --> 00:20:08,600 Speaker 7: and I would see his toolkit, all of his meters 306 00:20:08,680 --> 00:20:11,639 Speaker 7: where he's you know, checking on the equipment, and I 307 00:20:11,760 --> 00:20:16,920 Speaker 7: started to connect you know math and science to dad, 308 00:20:17,359 --> 00:20:19,760 Speaker 7: I really started to make the connection of Oh, like, 309 00:20:19,880 --> 00:20:22,200 Speaker 7: my dad's going to be an engineer. He's going to 310 00:20:22,280 --> 00:20:24,240 Speaker 7: help in this endeavor. 311 00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:25,080 Speaker 6: Of what I see on TV. 312 00:20:26,040 --> 00:20:28,280 Speaker 2: She started to realize that if she wanted to make 313 00:20:28,359 --> 00:20:32,760 Speaker 2: science fiction happen, she needed to focus on engineering, which 314 00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:37,040 Speaker 2: eventually led her to NASA's JPL. A few years ago, 315 00:20:37,200 --> 00:20:41,040 Speaker 2: she took her parents and Abuilos, a Mexican immigrants, for 316 00:20:41,200 --> 00:20:45,560 Speaker 2: a visit to JPL. While touring the laboratory, her grandmother 317 00:20:45,680 --> 00:20:48,800 Speaker 2: told Christina a story she had never heard before. 318 00:20:49,520 --> 00:20:54,480 Speaker 7: There was a moment when they got picked up by immigration, 319 00:20:55,480 --> 00:20:58,920 Speaker 7: and my grandmother tells me that when they were on 320 00:20:59,080 --> 00:21:02,400 Speaker 7: their way to the immigrant center, on the radio, they 321 00:21:02,520 --> 00:21:07,200 Speaker 7: were celebrating something with the Apollo astronauts. This was like 322 00:21:07,320 --> 00:21:08,320 Speaker 7: back in the seventies. 323 00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:08,879 Speaker 8: You know. 324 00:21:09,040 --> 00:21:11,919 Speaker 7: My grandmother just vividly remembers that moment, you know, when 325 00:21:12,040 --> 00:21:16,520 Speaker 7: she was thinking about, oh, there's people who are exploring space. 326 00:21:17,240 --> 00:21:21,200 Speaker 2: Suddenly Christina realized how far she'd made it. 327 00:21:21,920 --> 00:21:24,879 Speaker 7: When I heard that story, I got very emotional because 328 00:21:24,920 --> 00:21:29,040 Speaker 7: I it was that moment where you realize what a 329 00:21:29,200 --> 00:21:32,199 Speaker 7: privilege it can be to be working for a NASSA 330 00:21:32,680 --> 00:21:35,840 Speaker 7: to be having your dream job. And it really started 331 00:21:36,320 --> 00:21:40,960 Speaker 7: with my grandparents and my parents setting this foundation of 332 00:21:41,560 --> 00:21:46,080 Speaker 7: coming to this country for greater opportunity and pushing forward 333 00:21:46,280 --> 00:21:48,200 Speaker 7: no matter what the obstacles were. 334 00:21:51,200 --> 00:21:55,000 Speaker 2: When perseverance made it to Mars, Christina's grandmother took her 335 00:21:55,040 --> 00:21:59,520 Speaker 2: granddaughter's contributions to the mission as also part of her own. 336 00:22:00,200 --> 00:22:02,840 Speaker 7: In the moment of landing, you know, what she had 337 00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:05,840 Speaker 7: said is that yo yah yah, yeah Marte, because her 338 00:22:05,960 --> 00:22:09,119 Speaker 7: granddaughter had gotten there, and it was it was very 339 00:22:09,200 --> 00:22:14,840 Speaker 7: special because we are here because of our families, because 340 00:22:14,960 --> 00:22:17,960 Speaker 7: they supported us with whatever. 341 00:22:17,720 --> 00:22:18,520 Speaker 6: Means they had. 342 00:22:19,040 --> 00:22:22,600 Speaker 7: It's the foundation and the path that the explorers and 343 00:22:22,720 --> 00:22:25,200 Speaker 7: my family paved for me to be here. 344 00:22:34,160 --> 00:22:38,560 Speaker 2: For Ecuador born Eleo Morio, a systems test bet engineer 345 00:22:38,680 --> 00:22:42,560 Speaker 2: at NASA JPL, it was his mom who was his foundation. 346 00:22:43,560 --> 00:22:46,399 Speaker 5: My mom the entire time. You know, she was an 347 00:22:46,440 --> 00:22:51,360 Speaker 5: ecuador She had almost nearly a twenty plus year career 348 00:22:51,520 --> 00:22:54,040 Speaker 5: as a teacher. You know, she reached the heights of 349 00:22:54,240 --> 00:22:57,600 Speaker 5: her career. She was a principal, She was known across 350 00:22:58,080 --> 00:23:01,040 Speaker 5: you know, the whole area for academics and such. 351 00:23:01,880 --> 00:23:05,199 Speaker 2: Then in the nineties, things started to change. 352 00:23:05,680 --> 00:23:08,399 Speaker 5: The banking system kind of collapsed, and this is around 353 00:23:08,400 --> 00:23:11,320 Speaker 5: the time where Ecuador gets dollarized. My mom knew that 354 00:23:11,400 --> 00:23:14,680 Speaker 5: the situation could potentially get dire, and we had some 355 00:23:14,840 --> 00:23:18,159 Speaker 5: family at the time or over several years had already 356 00:23:18,240 --> 00:23:21,879 Speaker 5: moved to New York City, which included my grandparents and 357 00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:25,280 Speaker 5: some aunts and uncles. So we got fortunate in the 358 00:23:25,720 --> 00:23:30,640 Speaker 5: sense that my grandpa requested us through the green card 359 00:23:30,720 --> 00:23:33,040 Speaker 5: process and we got our green cards. 360 00:23:33,720 --> 00:23:37,040 Speaker 2: So Eleo and his mom packed up and left for 361 00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:44,359 Speaker 2: New York. Ellio's older brother, seventeen years his senior, moved 362 00:23:44,400 --> 00:23:46,520 Speaker 2: to New York before Elio was born. 363 00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:50,280 Speaker 5: I can't imagine putting myself through that kind of position 364 00:23:50,320 --> 00:23:53,600 Speaker 5: where after twenty plus years as a professional in my 365 00:23:53,680 --> 00:23:56,120 Speaker 5: respective career, I end up going to another country where 366 00:23:56,119 --> 00:23:59,639 Speaker 5: I don't necessarily know the language, and I have a 367 00:23:59,760 --> 00:24:02,080 Speaker 5: son and that I have to take care of and 368 00:24:02,640 --> 00:24:05,720 Speaker 5: make ends meet so that he's fed, he's educated, and 369 00:24:06,119 --> 00:24:07,800 Speaker 5: has opportunities to set up for him. 370 00:24:08,800 --> 00:24:12,439 Speaker 2: Elio's mom would hold different jobs, from packing food at 371 00:24:12,520 --> 00:24:17,040 Speaker 2: John F. Kennedy Airport to cleaning offices. Around this time, 372 00:24:17,240 --> 00:24:20,320 Speaker 2: Elio's older brother ended up getting married to a Puerto 373 00:24:20,400 --> 00:24:22,960 Speaker 2: Rican woman and they all moved to the island. 374 00:24:26,200 --> 00:24:28,800 Speaker 5: It's where I form my Spanish is Puerto Rican. By 375 00:24:28,840 --> 00:24:33,840 Speaker 5: all definition, I identify more Puerto Rican than Ecuadorian. 376 00:24:33,920 --> 00:24:37,520 Speaker 2: For that case, livin again in a place where Spanish 377 00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:41,760 Speaker 2: was also spoken. Elio's mom resumed her teaching career. She 378 00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:44,479 Speaker 2: did tutoring to bring in some extra money and went 379 00:24:44,560 --> 00:24:45,320 Speaker 2: back to college. 380 00:24:45,880 --> 00:24:47,760 Speaker 5: It was always very clear for me through her that 381 00:24:47,960 --> 00:24:52,760 Speaker 5: education was the way out of our situation. It wasn't 382 00:24:52,880 --> 00:24:55,119 Speaker 5: full blown poverty, but we didn't have you know, we 383 00:24:55,200 --> 00:24:57,639 Speaker 5: never had a car, I never had internet at my 384 00:24:57,760 --> 00:25:01,480 Speaker 5: own place, we never had cable. I got all these things, 385 00:25:01,840 --> 00:25:04,720 Speaker 5: you know, spending weekends at my friend's house or something. 386 00:25:05,760 --> 00:25:07,879 Speaker 5: That's where I kind of became aware of what the 387 00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:11,399 Speaker 5: working class in middle class people had, you know. It 388 00:25:11,520 --> 00:25:14,119 Speaker 5: gave me those a sense of aspiration to you know, 389 00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:16,280 Speaker 5: if I go to school and do such and such, 390 00:25:16,760 --> 00:25:19,080 Speaker 5: I can have these things, and I can provide these 391 00:25:19,119 --> 00:25:21,000 Speaker 5: opportunities for my friends and family. 392 00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:24,920 Speaker 2: It was during these weekends at his friend's house, while 393 00:25:24,960 --> 00:25:30,120 Speaker 2: watching Saturday morning cartoons, that Ilio became interested in science, math, 394 00:25:30,200 --> 00:25:30,960 Speaker 2: and technology. 395 00:25:31,440 --> 00:25:34,360 Speaker 5: I used to love Dexter's Laboratory still do, would watch 396 00:25:34,440 --> 00:25:36,520 Speaker 5: that in a heartbeat any day. I wanted to be 397 00:25:36,640 --> 00:25:37,040 Speaker 5: like Dexter. 398 00:25:38,040 --> 00:25:41,800 Speaker 7: Dexter, my sensors have picked up a giant meteor headed. 399 00:25:41,600 --> 00:25:42,680 Speaker 2: Directly for Earth. 400 00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:49,240 Speaker 5: I wanted to have my own lab. I wanted to 401 00:25:49,240 --> 00:25:51,400 Speaker 5: build my own robots and do my own science. 402 00:25:51,160 --> 00:25:58,920 Speaker 2: Experiments like Christina. He'd also watched Nova and Catching Cosmos, 403 00:25:59,520 --> 00:26:02,200 Speaker 2: all show that really opened his eyes to what the 404 00:26:02,359 --> 00:26:03,080 Speaker 2: universe had. 405 00:26:03,760 --> 00:26:06,840 Speaker 5: Fantasy played a lot into how I shaped I guess 406 00:26:07,320 --> 00:26:11,200 Speaker 5: and how I formed what I believed in and created 407 00:26:11,240 --> 00:26:12,920 Speaker 5: a vision in a way of what I wanted to 408 00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:13,920 Speaker 5: become involved with. 409 00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:20,640 Speaker 2: Elio would stay in Puerto Rico until around the time 410 00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:23,560 Speaker 2: he was in eighth grade. Then he would have to 411 00:26:23,640 --> 00:26:24,440 Speaker 2: relocate again. 412 00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:26,720 Speaker 5: It was two thousand and six, two thousand and seven, 413 00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:30,359 Speaker 5: that's when the economy in Puerto Rico really starts spiraling 414 00:26:30,480 --> 00:26:32,880 Speaker 5: out of control into what it is today. My mom 415 00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:36,960 Speaker 5: saw those patterns because she had lived through them in Ecuador. 416 00:26:37,080 --> 00:26:38,359 Speaker 8: She knew what was to come. 417 00:26:39,280 --> 00:26:42,119 Speaker 2: It was also an important time in Elio's life because 418 00:26:42,119 --> 00:26:44,119 Speaker 2: he was about to go to high school, and his 419 00:26:44,280 --> 00:26:47,440 Speaker 2: mom knew that the high school process would be important 420 00:26:47,520 --> 00:26:50,639 Speaker 2: for him to go to college. His brother and sister 421 00:26:50,720 --> 00:26:54,160 Speaker 2: in law ended up moving to Florida, so Eleo moved 422 00:26:54,240 --> 00:26:56,320 Speaker 2: back to New York City in the middle of its 423 00:26:56,359 --> 00:26:59,359 Speaker 2: eighth grade year. He would then go to high school. 424 00:27:00,080 --> 00:27:03,480 Speaker 2: With the importance of education instilled in him. Elio would 425 00:27:03,480 --> 00:27:06,680 Speaker 2: then go to the University of Michigan and study mechanical 426 00:27:06,800 --> 00:27:10,919 Speaker 2: engineering as his major and electrical engineering as his minor. 427 00:27:11,400 --> 00:27:14,880 Speaker 2: He would do internships at SpaceX, Boeing and other places, 428 00:27:15,280 --> 00:27:18,040 Speaker 2: then complete grad school before joining NASA. 429 00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:21,920 Speaker 5: For five years almost I have been involved with the 430 00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:26,600 Speaker 5: System TESTBA team. We have the Earth equivalent models all 431 00:27:26,680 --> 00:27:29,320 Speaker 5: of the subsystems that are going to go to Mars. 432 00:27:29,920 --> 00:27:32,760 Speaker 5: The Earth equivalent models live here on Earth and they 433 00:27:32,880 --> 00:27:33,840 Speaker 5: stay here on Earth. 434 00:27:34,680 --> 00:27:37,399 Speaker 2: He says. This allows them to test every hardware and 435 00:27:37,560 --> 00:27:41,440 Speaker 2: software interaction they can think of and simulate a Mars 436 00:27:41,600 --> 00:27:45,840 Speaker 2: environment through inputs that makes the rover and spacecraft computers 437 00:27:45,920 --> 00:27:49,240 Speaker 2: believe that they are going through the launch, space descent 438 00:27:49,480 --> 00:27:53,520 Speaker 2: and landing onto the red planet. The simulations allow them 439 00:27:53,560 --> 00:27:56,880 Speaker 2: to anticipate any issues and fix them ahead of time. 440 00:27:57,440 --> 00:28:03,040 Speaker 5: I specialize on particular subsystems, including the mechanical the motor control, 441 00:28:03,640 --> 00:28:07,240 Speaker 5: the head of the rover, the cameras which were the 442 00:28:07,320 --> 00:28:10,600 Speaker 5: first images we got down. I had tested for years 443 00:28:10,760 --> 00:28:13,080 Speaker 5: the high gain antenna, which is the antenna on the 444 00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:17,000 Speaker 5: rover that lets us speak directly to the rover as 445 00:28:17,080 --> 00:28:21,120 Speaker 5: well as communicate certain telemetry directly from the rover to Earth. 446 00:28:21,800 --> 00:28:24,359 Speaker 2: Elio says that the people who are now operating the 447 00:28:24,480 --> 00:28:27,399 Speaker 2: rover on Mars also had to be tested. 448 00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:30,160 Speaker 5: I was leading many of these efforts on the test 449 00:28:30,280 --> 00:28:34,600 Speaker 5: bed side, where you throw wrenches at people's processes. We 450 00:28:34,760 --> 00:28:38,760 Speaker 5: call it becoming gremlins, and as modern data equivalents, we 451 00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:43,800 Speaker 5: were impostors, trying to spoil the team in some way 452 00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:47,200 Speaker 5: or form so that the teams were prepared to react 453 00:28:47,840 --> 00:28:51,080 Speaker 5: in the case similar events happened on Mars or on 454 00:28:51,160 --> 00:28:51,760 Speaker 5: the way to Mars. 455 00:28:52,520 --> 00:28:56,000 Speaker 2: But testing isn't the only thing he's part of. He's 456 00:28:56,120 --> 00:29:00,640 Speaker 2: also part of another historic team, the Ingenuity Team. 457 00:29:00,800 --> 00:29:03,360 Speaker 11: More than one hundred and sixty million miles from Earth 458 00:29:03,720 --> 00:29:07,000 Speaker 11: and aircraft is sitting on an alien world waiting to 459 00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:11,920 Speaker 11: make history. NASA's Ingenuity helicopter, which traveled to Mars with 460 00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:16,680 Speaker 11: the Perseverance Rover, will soon attempt the first powered flight on. 461 00:29:16,760 --> 00:29:21,080 Speaker 2: Another planet, Aliothis. He and others have been working on 462 00:29:21,200 --> 00:29:22,560 Speaker 2: this for a while now. 463 00:29:23,280 --> 00:29:25,120 Speaker 5: Just about a little bit more than one hundred years ago. 464 00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:26,840 Speaker 5: We're learning how to fly here on Earth. And now 465 00:29:27,160 --> 00:29:30,480 Speaker 5: you know to recognize that we actually took a piece 466 00:29:30,560 --> 00:29:32,960 Speaker 5: of the of the tarp from one of the original 467 00:29:33,400 --> 00:29:37,040 Speaker 5: Wright Brothers vehicles and it lives inside of Ingenuity. 468 00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:40,720 Speaker 2: The Wright Brothers, the fathers of aviation in the US. 469 00:29:41,640 --> 00:29:46,440 Speaker 2: On April nineteenth, Ingenuity became the first aircraft to fly 470 00:29:46,960 --> 00:29:47,960 Speaker 2: on another planet. 471 00:29:48,600 --> 00:29:51,160 Speaker 5: I hope that over the next few years and decades 472 00:29:51,320 --> 00:29:54,720 Speaker 5: will see this new aerial capability be used. Be it 473 00:29:54,800 --> 00:29:58,120 Speaker 5: for a scientific purpose, right, so you equip helicopters or 474 00:29:58,240 --> 00:30:02,160 Speaker 5: drones with scientific instruments and do different kinds of science. 475 00:30:02,480 --> 00:30:05,960 Speaker 5: But also with the eventual human presence on Mars, that 476 00:30:06,800 --> 00:30:09,160 Speaker 5: the humans will be able to bring these scouts right 477 00:30:09,280 --> 00:30:12,000 Speaker 5: to help them navigate the terrain on Mars and map 478 00:30:12,200 --> 00:30:15,600 Speaker 5: their surroundings so that they're more aware of what's around them. 479 00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:19,200 Speaker 5: And I'm super excited for what Ingenuity is about to 480 00:30:19,240 --> 00:30:20,200 Speaker 5: teach us on Mars. 481 00:30:36,680 --> 00:30:39,120 Speaker 2: As we mentioned in the very beginning of the episode, 482 00:30:39,400 --> 00:30:44,240 Speaker 2: this recent mission was built off previous ones. Alejandro Miguel 483 00:30:44,280 --> 00:30:47,320 Speaker 2: San Martin is the chief engineer of Guidance and Control 484 00:30:47,440 --> 00:30:52,120 Speaker 2: Section at NASA JPL. He's been with NASA since the eighties. 485 00:30:52,720 --> 00:30:55,520 Speaker 8: Part of the Sign of Perseverance, for example, the spacecraft 486 00:30:55,600 --> 00:30:59,320 Speaker 8: that transport Perseverance from Earth to Mars. He said, the 487 00:30:59,360 --> 00:31:02,120 Speaker 8: sign that we from Mars Pathfinder in the nineties. 488 00:31:02,840 --> 00:31:06,280 Speaker 2: That mission, Miguel's first on Mars, landed on the red 489 00:31:06,360 --> 00:31:10,000 Speaker 2: planet on July fourth, nineteen ninety seven, with the rover 490 00:31:10,160 --> 00:31:11,680 Speaker 2: companion named Sojourner. 491 00:31:12,320 --> 00:31:16,040 Speaker 12: The small, twenty five pound, six wheeled rover only designed 492 00:31:16,040 --> 00:31:19,120 Speaker 12: to last week, would end up spending eighty three days, 493 00:31:19,280 --> 00:31:23,400 Speaker 12: capturing five hundred and fifty pictures and taking atmospheric measurements 494 00:31:23,440 --> 00:31:24,479 Speaker 12: from the planet's surface. 495 00:31:25,120 --> 00:31:28,080 Speaker 2: He says during that mission they were encouraged to follow 496 00:31:28,120 --> 00:31:31,480 Speaker 2: their product all across the mission, so from the very 497 00:31:31,560 --> 00:31:35,800 Speaker 2: initial design to the implementation, to the testing and then 498 00:31:35,880 --> 00:31:38,960 Speaker 2: flying it. He says at that point he felt like 499 00:31:39,080 --> 00:31:41,280 Speaker 2: he'd be lucky if he was to ever be part 500 00:31:41,320 --> 00:31:42,440 Speaker 2: of another Mars mission. 501 00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:47,160 Speaker 8: I remember having a conversation with a veteran of JPL 502 00:31:47,280 --> 00:31:50,680 Speaker 8: that was part of the Passfinder. He said that I 503 00:31:50,760 --> 00:31:53,360 Speaker 8: feel sorry for you guys, because you know I'm about 504 00:31:53,400 --> 00:31:55,520 Speaker 8: to retire, so this is a great way to retire. 505 00:31:55,600 --> 00:31:57,960 Speaker 8: But you guys will you know in the beginning of 506 00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:01,320 Speaker 8: your career you will never perire is another mission like this? 507 00:32:02,360 --> 00:32:05,760 Speaker 2: His colleague was wrong. Miguel and many of his coworkers 508 00:32:05,800 --> 00:32:09,200 Speaker 2: would get an opportunity to work on another mission, the 509 00:32:09,320 --> 00:32:13,000 Speaker 2: landing of twin Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity on Mars in 510 00:32:13,080 --> 00:32:16,920 Speaker 2: different days of January of two thousand and four. Then, 511 00:32:17,000 --> 00:32:19,360 Speaker 2: he says, they also used a lot of the same 512 00:32:19,480 --> 00:32:21,200 Speaker 2: designs from the Pathfinder mission. 513 00:32:22,080 --> 00:32:25,640 Speaker 8: And then came Curiosity, where also the same group of 514 00:32:25,880 --> 00:32:27,960 Speaker 8: a team of people that we met in past find 515 00:32:28,040 --> 00:32:31,920 Speaker 8: that we continue evolving and inventing new ways of landing 516 00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:35,240 Speaker 8: on Mars. In the case of Curiosity, because all the 517 00:32:35,360 --> 00:32:38,960 Speaker 8: previous missions that are worked that landed on Mars use airbags, 518 00:32:39,560 --> 00:32:42,800 Speaker 8: so I wanted to work on a mission that landed softly. 519 00:32:43,560 --> 00:32:46,920 Speaker 2: He and the team created a landing contraption that landed 520 00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:50,320 Speaker 2: the rover like a helicopter. Miguel would go on to 521 00:32:50,400 --> 00:32:54,040 Speaker 2: work on other missions, including the landing of Perseverance. 522 00:32:54,760 --> 00:32:57,440 Speaker 8: It was a new experience for me because in the 523 00:32:57,560 --> 00:32:59,959 Speaker 8: previous missions, first of all, I was part of them. 524 00:33:00,360 --> 00:33:03,320 Speaker 8: In this one in Perseverance that was a consultant. The 525 00:33:03,560 --> 00:33:07,960 Speaker 8: Perseverance team would come to me with questions, you know, 526 00:33:08,200 --> 00:33:13,320 Speaker 8: and during the actual trip to Mars, I was part 527 00:33:13,320 --> 00:33:18,400 Speaker 8: of also of a team that provided regular consultation to 528 00:33:18,520 --> 00:33:18,880 Speaker 8: the team. 529 00:33:19,680 --> 00:33:22,880 Speaker 2: Miguel is originally from Argentina. He was born on a 530 00:33:22,960 --> 00:33:26,160 Speaker 2: family farm in La Patagonia, but grew up and went 531 00:33:26,200 --> 00:33:29,880 Speaker 2: to school in Buenos Aires. Every winter and summer vacation, 532 00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:32,320 Speaker 2: though he'd go back to the family farm. 533 00:33:32,800 --> 00:33:35,640 Speaker 8: That's where my father taught me about the stars. He 534 00:33:35,760 --> 00:33:39,480 Speaker 8: was a civil engineer and he built roads, dirt roads 535 00:33:39,520 --> 00:33:42,760 Speaker 8: in some cases in the Patagonia, and for that, you know, 536 00:33:42,880 --> 00:33:48,080 Speaker 8: before GPS, they navigated using the stars. So my father 537 00:33:48,160 --> 00:33:50,120 Speaker 8: knew the stars. So at night in the farm he 538 00:33:50,160 --> 00:33:52,320 Speaker 8: would teach me all the constellations and all the stars. 539 00:33:53,080 --> 00:33:56,040 Speaker 2: Miguel began to develop the mind of an engineer. 540 00:33:56,840 --> 00:33:59,720 Speaker 8: I was, you know, fascinated about all the machinery, particularly 541 00:33:59,720 --> 00:34:04,240 Speaker 8: in the arm and the mechanical equipment, and also you know, 542 00:34:04,400 --> 00:34:06,600 Speaker 8: the radios on the TVs, and so at a very 543 00:34:06,640 --> 00:34:08,600 Speaker 8: early age, I wanted to be an engineer. 544 00:34:09,239 --> 00:34:12,640 Speaker 2: And then something that he vividly remembers to this day, 545 00:34:13,719 --> 00:34:16,200 Speaker 2: he saw a man stepping onto the moon for the 546 00:34:16,360 --> 00:34:17,000 Speaker 2: first time. 547 00:34:18,320 --> 00:34:19,600 Speaker 6: Armstrong is on the moon. 548 00:34:19,760 --> 00:34:24,360 Speaker 2: Neil Armstrong, thirty eight year old American, standing on the 549 00:34:24,440 --> 00:34:28,439 Speaker 2: surface of the Moon on this July twentieth, nineteen hundred 550 00:34:28,480 --> 00:34:29,279 Speaker 2: and sixty nine. 551 00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:31,480 Speaker 10: One man. 552 00:34:37,040 --> 00:34:40,359 Speaker 2: The Apollo mission had a profound impact on him. 553 00:34:40,920 --> 00:34:44,360 Speaker 8: First of all, I remember being very very aware of 554 00:34:44,480 --> 00:34:47,040 Speaker 8: the risks. Are they really going to do that? I mean, 555 00:34:47,120 --> 00:34:49,839 Speaker 8: it was kind of like hard to believe that they 556 00:34:49,880 --> 00:34:52,480 Speaker 8: were going to attempt such a thing. So it was 557 00:34:52,560 --> 00:34:55,839 Speaker 8: late at night and we were on the with my father, 558 00:34:56,040 --> 00:34:58,040 Speaker 8: my mother, and my sister watching in front of a 559 00:34:58,120 --> 00:35:01,359 Speaker 8: black and white TV. We see Neil Armstrong coming down 560 00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:05,280 Speaker 8: the ladder, and remember that we were, you know, glued 561 00:35:05,320 --> 00:35:08,200 Speaker 8: to the TV, and we just couldn't believe it, right, 562 00:35:08,320 --> 00:35:11,520 Speaker 8: And I looked at my father right that he was 563 00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:16,040 Speaker 8: born like in nineteen eleven, And it was an incredible 564 00:35:16,480 --> 00:35:17,960 Speaker 8: experience for the family. 565 00:35:18,680 --> 00:35:23,520 Speaker 2: Watching Armstrong walk on the Moon sparked Miguel's curiosity and wonder. 566 00:35:24,800 --> 00:35:28,279 Speaker 2: Final confirmation of his love and interest in space would 567 00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:31,520 Speaker 2: come a few years later in nineteen seventy six with 568 00:35:31,760 --> 00:35:33,480 Speaker 2: NASA's Viking Project. 569 00:35:34,120 --> 00:35:36,719 Speaker 8: And I found myself in the farm actually the day 570 00:35:36,800 --> 00:35:40,040 Speaker 8: of the landing, listening to the BBC on the radio, 571 00:35:40,840 --> 00:35:44,840 Speaker 8: and that night the program says, well, all the systems 572 00:35:44,880 --> 00:35:48,759 Speaker 8: are go, and in a few hours Viking is going 573 00:35:48,840 --> 00:35:52,080 Speaker 8: to land on Mars for the first time, US attempt 574 00:35:52,160 --> 00:35:52,799 Speaker 8: for the first time. 575 00:35:53,400 --> 00:35:56,600 Speaker 2: The next day, in front of a newspaper stand, he 576 00:35:56,760 --> 00:35:59,880 Speaker 2: saw a photo of the Viking one spacecraft on the 577 00:36:00,120 --> 00:36:01,799 Speaker 2: surface of Mars, and. 578 00:36:01,960 --> 00:36:04,000 Speaker 8: I remember that has a huge impact on me, and 579 00:36:04,120 --> 00:36:06,480 Speaker 8: that's when I said, this is what I want to do. 580 00:36:07,320 --> 00:36:09,240 Speaker 8: I want to be on one of these missions when 581 00:36:09,280 --> 00:36:09,799 Speaker 8: I grow up. 582 00:36:10,480 --> 00:36:13,040 Speaker 2: His father told him that his best bet would be 583 00:36:13,160 --> 00:36:16,400 Speaker 2: studying in the US, so when he finished high school, 584 00:36:16,560 --> 00:36:19,920 Speaker 2: he packed his bags and left behind his family, friends 585 00:36:20,200 --> 00:36:23,480 Speaker 2: and country. He says this was the hardest thing he 586 00:36:23,640 --> 00:36:26,560 Speaker 2: ever had to do. He had to learn English and 587 00:36:26,760 --> 00:36:30,800 Speaker 2: figure out how to get accepted into university, but he 588 00:36:30,920 --> 00:36:34,239 Speaker 2: worked his way through. He made it to Syracuse, where 589 00:36:34,239 --> 00:36:37,600 Speaker 2: he studied electrical engineering and went on to graduate school 590 00:36:37,680 --> 00:36:38,200 Speaker 2: at MIT. 591 00:36:38,880 --> 00:36:41,120 Speaker 8: And I remember that I got a little piece of 592 00:36:41,200 --> 00:36:45,280 Speaker 8: paper from one of the administrative persons in the Aeronastro department, 593 00:36:45,280 --> 00:36:48,320 Speaker 8: and my tea said, JPL is coming tomorrow to interview. 594 00:36:49,160 --> 00:36:52,000 Speaker 8: So I showed it up and I talked to the 595 00:36:52,320 --> 00:36:55,080 Speaker 8: engineer doing the interview, and they flew me to JPL, 596 00:36:55,200 --> 00:36:57,720 Speaker 8: and they offered me a job and the rest is history. 597 00:36:58,400 --> 00:37:00,920 Speaker 2: His dad was able to see him go through college 598 00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:04,799 Speaker 2: and get the job at JPL, but unfortunately passed away 599 00:37:04,840 --> 00:37:07,120 Speaker 2: before Pathfinder made it to Mars. 600 00:37:07,680 --> 00:37:11,439 Speaker 8: So that aspect, I'm a little sad that by five 601 00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:15,400 Speaker 8: years or so, for five years he passed away before that. 602 00:37:15,640 --> 00:37:17,640 Speaker 8: So it would have been nice for him to see that, 603 00:37:17,800 --> 00:37:20,640 Speaker 8: because that was when when Mark part found the land. 604 00:37:20,719 --> 00:37:23,920 Speaker 8: That is when I actually I could say, you know, 605 00:37:24,320 --> 00:37:28,440 Speaker 8: I have achieved my goal. I could actually feel that 606 00:37:28,640 --> 00:37:31,280 Speaker 8: all the sacrifice of leaving the country and my family 607 00:37:31,360 --> 00:37:34,759 Speaker 8: and friends paid off or you know, or was worth 608 00:37:34,800 --> 00:37:35,840 Speaker 8: it in some ways. 609 00:37:36,680 --> 00:37:39,879 Speaker 2: But before his father's death, Miguel was able to bring 610 00:37:39,960 --> 00:37:43,680 Speaker 2: both his mom and his dad to visit NASA's JPL. 611 00:37:44,560 --> 00:37:48,360 Speaker 8: He just was blown away, right, I mean, he immediately 612 00:37:48,920 --> 00:37:49,640 Speaker 8: loved the place. 613 00:37:50,360 --> 00:37:52,640 Speaker 2: He says that visit was a turning point for his 614 00:37:52,800 --> 00:37:56,160 Speaker 2: mom too, who through the years had always asked him 615 00:37:56,280 --> 00:38:01,040 Speaker 2: in letters from Argentina why did he leave her. After 616 00:38:01,239 --> 00:38:04,000 Speaker 2: that visit, his mom wrote him saying. 617 00:38:04,280 --> 00:38:07,879 Speaker 8: Now I understand why you're there, and I won't ask 618 00:38:07,920 --> 00:38:09,680 Speaker 8: you anymore why did you leave me? 619 00:38:10,320 --> 00:38:14,160 Speaker 2: Despite his long career NASA Miguel doesn't have any plans 620 00:38:14,160 --> 00:38:17,560 Speaker 2: of slowing down. He plans to join an upcoming mission 621 00:38:17,640 --> 00:38:21,759 Speaker 2: to retrieve the samples collected on Mars and hopes to 622 00:38:21,840 --> 00:38:24,000 Speaker 2: be part of other projects elsewhere. 623 00:38:24,600 --> 00:38:27,520 Speaker 8: I mean, Mars is awesome, it's cool, but you know, 624 00:38:28,080 --> 00:38:29,640 Speaker 8: we have other destinations too. 625 00:38:30,680 --> 00:38:34,359 Speaker 2: When looking back at his life and career, he says 626 00:38:34,440 --> 00:38:36,560 Speaker 2: he can't believe how fortunate he's been. 627 00:38:37,280 --> 00:38:39,520 Speaker 8: I wouldn't have been able to do this without the 628 00:38:39,600 --> 00:38:42,279 Speaker 8: support of my family, you know. And it's been a 629 00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:45,520 Speaker 8: long journey. And I never imagined, to be honest, that 630 00:38:46,200 --> 00:38:48,839 Speaker 8: I would be so lucky to fulfill what I wanted 631 00:38:48,880 --> 00:38:53,880 Speaker 8: to do, one beyond my wildest imaginations. And I'm a 632 00:38:53,960 --> 00:38:54,640 Speaker 8: happy person. 633 00:39:05,040 --> 00:39:10,600 Speaker 1: Diana Trujillo, Christina Hernandez, Elio Morigo and Alejandro Miel San 634 00:39:10,719 --> 00:39:14,880 Speaker 1: Martin left some partying and inspirational words for Latinos and 635 00:39:14,960 --> 00:39:18,399 Speaker 1: Latinas and well anyone else who might have a dream 636 00:39:18,480 --> 00:39:22,400 Speaker 1: of someday pursuing a job at NASA or a career 637 00:39:22,640 --> 00:39:23,160 Speaker 1: in stem. 638 00:39:23,960 --> 00:39:27,359 Speaker 6: Here they are again, write it down, Write it down 639 00:39:27,440 --> 00:39:30,680 Speaker 6: and remember it, because you can do it. For me 640 00:39:31,080 --> 00:39:33,480 Speaker 6: was to write it down and I'll put it on 641 00:39:33,560 --> 00:39:37,000 Speaker 6: the mirror on my bathroom, and every time I was, 642 00:39:37,400 --> 00:39:39,520 Speaker 6: you know, brushing my teeth, I will just read the 643 00:39:39,600 --> 00:39:42,080 Speaker 6: thing that I wanted to do. Don't give up your dreams, 644 00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:44,719 Speaker 6: and then keep pushing because it can be done. 645 00:39:46,120 --> 00:39:49,239 Speaker 7: I often think about the words of wisdom that my 646 00:39:49,440 --> 00:39:53,680 Speaker 7: grandmother has told me, and so obviously h L. Ganas, 647 00:39:54,320 --> 00:39:57,400 Speaker 7: but she also told me one that I really hold true. 648 00:39:57,680 --> 00:40:01,040 Speaker 7: She was like, in signet rancheta, you know what that 649 00:40:01,320 --> 00:40:05,080 Speaker 7: is to me? What that means is, you know, be 650 00:40:05,320 --> 00:40:08,800 Speaker 7: self sufficient, you know, get dirty, you know, get in 651 00:40:08,960 --> 00:40:11,120 Speaker 7: there and give it you're all. 652 00:40:12,560 --> 00:40:12,600 Speaker 6: For. 653 00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:17,759 Speaker 7: You know, students who want to come into engineering, be fearless, 654 00:40:18,120 --> 00:40:22,160 Speaker 7: because I think oftentimes we are taught, you know, don't 655 00:40:22,200 --> 00:40:25,839 Speaker 7: stir the pot, don't get in trouble. If you think 656 00:40:25,880 --> 00:40:28,640 Speaker 7: you're going to break it, don't touch it. And here 657 00:40:28,960 --> 00:40:32,760 Speaker 7: I'm trying now to undo all of that past advice, 658 00:40:33,000 --> 00:40:36,440 Speaker 7: and I'm encouraging others to do the same, because the 659 00:40:36,520 --> 00:40:40,359 Speaker 7: more you tinker, the more you fail, you eventually start 660 00:40:40,440 --> 00:40:41,839 Speaker 7: to build your confidence. 661 00:40:42,719 --> 00:40:42,840 Speaker 8: You know. 662 00:40:43,239 --> 00:40:46,320 Speaker 5: I love to tell students and people that want to 663 00:40:46,320 --> 00:40:48,759 Speaker 5: pursue these careers that it's absolutely worth it. It's by 664 00:40:48,840 --> 00:40:49,520 Speaker 5: no means easy. 665 00:40:49,800 --> 00:40:51,160 Speaker 6: This is a very hard career. 666 00:40:51,440 --> 00:40:54,319 Speaker 5: It requires a lot of sacrifice, but you know it's 667 00:40:54,400 --> 00:40:56,680 Speaker 5: it's beautiful and all of that. I just hope to 668 00:40:56,760 --> 00:40:59,359 Speaker 5: inspire a few students, if at all right, to come 669 00:40:59,400 --> 00:41:01,000 Speaker 5: and pursue and join me over here. 670 00:41:01,360 --> 00:41:02,360 Speaker 6: As I tell people, you know. 671 00:41:02,400 --> 00:41:03,560 Speaker 8: Sometimes you get slnely. Right. 672 00:41:03,600 --> 00:41:06,320 Speaker 5: There's not that many Latinos here, and I hope to 673 00:41:06,360 --> 00:41:08,000 Speaker 5: see more in the coming years. 674 00:41:09,440 --> 00:41:11,520 Speaker 8: You need to start working from day one. We are 675 00:41:11,600 --> 00:41:13,680 Speaker 8: not all good in everything, right, so you need to 676 00:41:13,760 --> 00:41:16,600 Speaker 8: understand what is your thing that you're passionate and you're 677 00:41:16,680 --> 00:41:20,040 Speaker 8: good at, and then you just concentrate and do well 678 00:41:20,120 --> 00:41:22,960 Speaker 8: at that moment. You can have a goal of working 679 00:41:23,080 --> 00:41:25,680 Speaker 8: for NASA. That's a good long term goal to have, 680 00:41:25,920 --> 00:41:28,719 Speaker 8: but your short term goal should be do well on 681 00:41:28,840 --> 00:41:31,600 Speaker 8: what you're doing at this moment and be excellent at it, 682 00:41:32,200 --> 00:41:34,000 Speaker 8: and then the doors will open. 683 00:41:46,280 --> 00:41:48,600 Speaker 1: And before we go, we want to give a special 684 00:41:48,640 --> 00:41:51,440 Speaker 1: shout out to some of the other Latinos and Latinas 685 00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:55,000 Speaker 1: with fabulous names by the way, who took part in 686 00:41:55,080 --> 00:42:00,520 Speaker 1: the Perseverance Mission. So to Danielle Nunez, cloud Out, Ferrol, 687 00:42:00,920 --> 00:42:07,280 Speaker 1: Eric Aguilard, Fernando A. Vigueria, Fernando er Hicks, Erman, Martinez, Ivari, 688 00:42:07,520 --> 00:42:15,200 Speaker 1: Contijojorgue Nunez, Jorge Pla, Garcia, Jos, Antonio Rodriguez, Manfredi, Paul Rugarolas, 689 00:42:15,680 --> 00:42:22,240 Speaker 1: Roxanna Gonzalez, Borgos, Zamalis Santini de Leon, Sandra Nandez, Corrine Rojas, 690 00:42:22,600 --> 00:42:40,120 Speaker 1: Sara Eurex and everyone else involved us Glacias. This episode 691 00:42:40,280 --> 00:42:43,200 Speaker 1: was produced by Renaldo Leanos Junior. It was edited by 692 00:42:43,320 --> 00:42:47,520 Speaker 1: Andrea Lopez Cruzado. It was mixed by Stephanie Lebou. The 693 00:42:47,719 --> 00:42:52,520 Speaker 1: Latino USA team also includes Victoria Estrada, Tori mar Marquez, 694 00:42:52,719 --> 00:42:57,560 Speaker 1: Marta Martinez, Mike sargent Ner, Saudi and Nancy Trujio. Beenille 695 00:42:57,719 --> 00:43:01,920 Speaker 1: Ramirez is our co executive producer. Our senior engineer is 696 00:43:02,040 --> 00:43:07,400 Speaker 1: Julia Caruso. Additional engineering support by Gabriel Lebaiaz and jj Krubin. 697 00:43:07,680 --> 00:43:11,239 Speaker 1: Our marketing manager is Luis Luna. Our theme music was 698 00:43:11,360 --> 00:43:14,360 Speaker 1: composed by Sagner ro Renos. I'm your host and executive 699 00:43:14,360 --> 00:43:17,799 Speaker 1: producer Maria jo Josa. Join us again on our next episode. 700 00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:19,759 Speaker 1: In the meantime, look for us on all of your 701 00:43:19,800 --> 00:43:24,040 Speaker 1: social media a devel jaquer dee Yes Bye. 702 00:43:25,120 --> 00:43:29,320 Speaker 10: Latino Usa is made possible in part by the John D. 703 00:43:29,640 --> 00:43:34,080 Speaker 10: And Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Ford Foundation, working with 704 00:43:34,239 --> 00:43:38,360 Speaker 10: visionaries on the front lines of social change worldwide, and 705 00:43:39,239 --> 00:43:42,239 Speaker 10: funding for Latino USA is Coverage of a Culture of 706 00:43:42,360 --> 00:43:44,920 Speaker 10: Health is made possible in part by a grant from 707 00:43:44,960 --> 00:43:46,680 Speaker 10: the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. 708 00:43:50,680 --> 00:43:54,640 Speaker 6: A middle schooler Rowann essay about what the name of 709 00:43:54,760 --> 00:43:58,560 Speaker 6: the March twenty twenty mission should be. He tries to 710 00:43:59,200 --> 00:44:03,399 Speaker 6: make the analogy of human qualities and characteristics of who 711 00:44:03,480 --> 00:44:08,200 Speaker 6: we are with the names spirit, opportunity, curiosity, and then 712 00:44:08,280 --> 00:44:10,640 Speaker 6: I believe he said something along the lines. But if 713 00:44:10,640 --> 00:44:13,440 Speaker 6: those are the qualities of humans, we have missed the 714 00:44:13,560 --> 00:44:15,319 Speaker 6: most important wile, which is perseverance.