WEBVTT - How Corporate Personhood Works 0:00:01.200 --> 0:00:04.600 Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff Works 0:00:04.640 --> 0:00:10.080 dot com. Hi, and welcome to the podcast. Hi everybody, Chuck, 0:00:10.240 --> 0:00:13.600 how are you doing good? That's Chuck by the way, 0:00:13.640 --> 0:00:16.239 and I'm Josh. We're going to be your guys through 0:00:16.239 --> 0:00:20.040 the next fifteen minutes of total mind expansion. Tell you 0:00:20.079 --> 0:00:22.079 some stuff you should know. Yeah, and this one is 0:00:22.120 --> 0:00:25.119 actually pretty cool, uh, the one we're doing today. I 0:00:25.120 --> 0:00:26.960 guess they're all pretty cool. We we like to make 0:00:27.000 --> 0:00:29.600 them cool. But this one is something that probably a 0:00:29.640 --> 0:00:31.920 lot of your friends won't know about, so you can 0:00:31.920 --> 0:00:35.600 wow them at the next cocktail party, the next kid's 0:00:35.640 --> 0:00:41.360 birthday party, any kind of party. That's very succinct. Chuck, Um, Chuck. 0:00:42.159 --> 0:00:46.040 Let's talk about legal fiction. Okay, okay, you want me 0:00:46.080 --> 0:00:50.159 to talk about You're not talking about John Grisham. No, no, 0:00:50.560 --> 0:00:54.240 who No, sorry, that was Creon that died. I think 0:00:54.280 --> 0:00:56.640 John Grisham is alive and well, yes, and he's an 0:00:56.800 --> 0:00:59.520 attorney and a novelist, right, yeah, and he's pretty good too. 0:00:59.760 --> 0:01:02.960 But we're not talking about Christam's work. Um, we're talking 0:01:03.000 --> 0:01:06.320 about it's actually a it's a it's a legal term 0:01:06.360 --> 0:01:10.680 that's used basically to describe, uh, anytime a court says 0:01:10.800 --> 0:01:14.479 something is true that's not true, just for the sake 0:01:14.480 --> 0:01:18.120 of moving things along, keeping things tightier. It's kind of 0:01:18.120 --> 0:01:20.280 like if you and I were having a conversation, Chuck, 0:01:20.319 --> 0:01:24.880 and I said, you know, um my uh my right 0:01:25.040 --> 0:01:28.520 jab is a million times better than yours, and we 0:01:28.520 --> 0:01:32.119 were kind of debating that rather than stopping and saying 0:01:32.480 --> 0:01:35.200 that that's hyperbole. I don't agree with that. You're just 0:01:35.240 --> 0:01:37.320 gonna kind of nod and we're gonna stick to the 0:01:37.360 --> 0:01:39.479 meat of it, right, Or we should punch each other 0:01:39.520 --> 0:01:41.679 and we can find out that. It's one way to 0:01:41.720 --> 0:01:45.400 find out. Yeah, although as everyone knows, we're not big fighters. No, 0:01:45.520 --> 0:01:48.640 I would miss your face, that's how bad I am. 0:01:48.680 --> 0:01:51.280 It would be clumsy. Uh. Well, let me give you 0:01:51.280 --> 0:01:55.320 an example of legal fiction specifically, Um, there's uh, there's 0:01:55.320 --> 0:01:57.760 this thing called a renunciation of a legacy. If you 0:01:57.840 --> 0:02:01.120 heard of this, No, So basically, let's say I find 0:02:01.160 --> 0:02:03.720 out that I'm in your will and I'm just like 0:02:03.760 --> 0:02:06.640 that Chuck, he's far too generous. I can't accept this. 0:02:07.080 --> 0:02:09.480 You know, maybe if I if I take myself out 0:02:09.480 --> 0:02:12.680 of his will, uh, he will um go ahead and 0:02:12.720 --> 0:02:16.600 give that money to uh the poor or orphans or 0:02:16.680 --> 0:02:20.520 something like that. Okay, Um, the thing is is you're 0:02:20.600 --> 0:02:23.440 sticking to your guns. I'm in your will. You'll love me, 0:02:23.760 --> 0:02:26.520 You'll want to leave me some money. There's something I 0:02:26.560 --> 0:02:30.440 can do. I can renounce that legacy. I go to 0:02:30.480 --> 0:02:33.760 the court and the court says, Okay, you're dead. You 0:02:33.840 --> 0:02:38.440 have the chuck has outlived you. As far as this 0:02:38.520 --> 0:02:43.200 will is concerned, I've predeceased you, which means that any 0:02:43.240 --> 0:02:45.960 claim I could have is no one void since I'm 0:02:46.000 --> 0:02:49.720 no longer alive. You see what I'm saying. That's legal fiction. 0:02:50.160 --> 0:02:52.440 They as far as that will concerned, I'm dead, You're 0:02:52.480 --> 0:02:55.840 still alive. Interesting, isn't that interesting? Is there's another piece 0:02:55.840 --> 0:03:00.680 of legal fiction called corporate person That's right, this is 0:03:00.720 --> 0:03:04.440 the meat of what we're talking about. Indeed, Um, corporate 0:03:04.440 --> 0:03:08.240 personhood is exactly what it sounds like. Uh. There is 0:03:08.280 --> 0:03:10.840 a legal custom, not just in the US, but it 0:03:10.919 --> 0:03:13.800 dates back to the Romans. I believe the ancient Romans, 0:03:13.840 --> 0:03:20.000 not today's Romans. The original Romans um where a corporation 0:03:20.200 --> 0:03:23.440 which is really just a pool of investors money. That's 0:03:23.520 --> 0:03:28.040 that's that's taken together and used to conduct business. Is 0:03:28.160 --> 0:03:33.720 it's considered an actual artificial person under the law. Yeah, 0:03:33.800 --> 0:03:36.360 that that this is kind of blew me away me too, 0:03:36.520 --> 0:03:38.520 to be honest. Yeah, there's this guy named Tom Hartman, 0:03:38.960 --> 0:03:41.840 um who I heard years ago on MPR talking about this, 0:03:41.880 --> 0:03:46.000 and he wrote this great book, um, and it's worth 0:03:46.000 --> 0:03:47.720 a read. I can't remember what it's called right now. 0:03:47.720 --> 0:03:49.440 I've got it written down on one of my notes 0:03:49.440 --> 0:03:52.640 that I can't find. But um, he turned me onto this. 0:03:52.680 --> 0:03:55.560 He has this radio show out west and he is 0:03:55.880 --> 0:03:59.480 very much against corporate personhood and a lot of people are. 0:03:59.560 --> 0:04:04.960 Here's why corporations if you treat them as a person. Well, 0:04:05.200 --> 0:04:08.680 our punitive legal system, chuck. That keeps us from you know, 0:04:08.960 --> 0:04:12.000 stabbing old ladies for their purses or you know, just 0:04:12.120 --> 0:04:15.839 walking into grocery stores and opening up cash registers. There's 0:04:15.840 --> 0:04:18.880 a little thing called prison. Sure, there's also a thing 0:04:18.880 --> 0:04:22.640 called the gas chamber, the electric chair, the hangman's gallows. 0:04:23.160 --> 0:04:26.679 There is punishment out there for our actions and these 0:04:26.720 --> 0:04:31.040 these this punishment is designed to keep us from crossing 0:04:31.080 --> 0:04:36.880 that line from upstanding citizen to you know, anarchistic criminal. Um. 0:04:37.000 --> 0:04:39.960 And and so we don't do things in large part 0:04:40.320 --> 0:04:43.600 because there's prison. There's consequences if not, I would be 0:04:43.720 --> 0:04:46.760 hitting old ladies over the head every day. Who wouldn't. Exactly, 0:04:46.960 --> 0:04:52.679 it's prison keeps our society intact. I'm just as that. So, Um, 0:04:52.720 --> 0:04:55.560 with the corporation, you have to kind of look at it. 0:04:55.600 --> 0:04:58.120 Since it's an artificial person, you have to look at 0:04:58.120 --> 0:05:01.800 it as a superhuman person too. It doesn't need food, 0:05:02.040 --> 0:05:04.520 doesn't need water. You can't put it in prison. It 0:05:04.560 --> 0:05:08.920 doesn't feel pain, right, Um, it has no life space. 0:05:09.800 --> 0:05:12.520 It's it's limitless. As long as there's those shares are 0:05:12.520 --> 0:05:15.120 out there and it's making a profit, a corporation can 0:05:15.160 --> 0:05:18.960 live indefinitely. Um. So this is why it's kind of 0:05:19.040 --> 0:05:22.480 a sticky discussion. This is why people like Tom Hartman 0:05:22.800 --> 0:05:27.480 are very much against corporate personhood and the whole thing. Actually, um, 0:05:27.560 --> 0:05:29.920 this has been going on for a while. Jefferson, Thomas 0:05:30.000 --> 0:05:35.200 Jefferson was very much an advocate of putting UH life 0:05:35.560 --> 0:05:40.400 lifespan limits restrictions, including UH lifespan limits on corporations in 0:05:40.440 --> 0:05:45.400 the constitution. And he failed. Yeah, he failed on each count. Yeah. 0:05:45.480 --> 0:05:49.880 So actually we almost had a constitutional provision that said 0:05:50.080 --> 0:05:53.480 corporations can only last this long. And there's this limitation 0:05:53.720 --> 0:05:57.880 because Jefferson in his usual capacity saw far into the 0:05:57.920 --> 0:06:01.640 future and all the problems that this random aspect of 0:06:01.760 --> 0:06:05.760 you know, American society or global society will have. He 0:06:05.800 --> 0:06:08.760 was a pretty insightful dude, and he was absolutely right. 0:06:08.800 --> 0:06:12.159 We've run into some serious problems with the concept of 0:06:12.200 --> 0:06:15.680 corporate personhood, right, and I know the Fourteenth Amendment is 0:06:15.720 --> 0:06:18.360 kind of where it all comes together. Yeah. Actually, the 0:06:18.400 --> 0:06:22.120 irony of the whole thing is that rather than being 0:06:22.200 --> 0:06:26.760 restricted by the Constitution, corporations were actually detected by the 0:06:26.839 --> 0:06:31.159 Constitution as artificial people under the Fourteenth Amendment, which I 0:06:31.200 --> 0:06:33.520 know you pointed out. The last word of the Fourteenth 0:06:33.560 --> 0:06:37.440 Amendment equal rights protection under the law to every person. 0:06:37.560 --> 0:06:41.760 Every person. That is a very significant word, because of 0:06:41.800 --> 0:06:47.760 course corporations are artificial persons, right right. So, um in 0:06:47.920 --> 0:06:50.520 very rapid succession that was I think eighteen sixty eight 0:06:50.520 --> 0:06:54.359 when that was ratified the Fourteenth Amendment. Very quickly, a 0:06:54.680 --> 0:06:58.080 um A court case came to the Supreme Court for 0:06:58.279 --> 0:07:02.360 decision that had to do with applying that to corporations. 0:07:02.760 --> 0:07:06.960 Santa Clara County, the Southern Pacific Railroad, and if you 0:07:06.960 --> 0:07:14.080 think about it, basically applying a constitutional amendment that protected 0:07:14.440 --> 0:07:17.800 freed slaves, newly freed slaves, and trying to get it 0:07:17.840 --> 0:07:20.040 to apply to corporations. And I didn't have the pinnacle 0:07:20.080 --> 0:07:23.640 of tastelessness. Ye. So yeah, Well, nineteenth century Robert Barons 0:07:23.680 --> 0:07:26.240 weren't above anything. And one of the things they did 0:07:26.320 --> 0:07:30.920 was in that case, the Union Pacific case. Um, they 0:07:30.960 --> 0:07:35.040 they finally applied the the Supreme Court, I can't remember 0:07:35.080 --> 0:07:37.240 who was at the head at the time basically said 0:07:37.280 --> 0:07:39.559 you know what, we realized what this case is saying. 0:07:39.840 --> 0:07:42.360 And ultimately what the case did was it upheld the 0:07:42.520 --> 0:07:46.000 longstanding custom that it was up to a state to 0:07:46.960 --> 0:07:50.720 tax and to charter corporations. And that's still going on today, 0:07:51.000 --> 0:07:56.120 like as UH President elect Obama excruciatingly pointed out. And 0:07:56.160 --> 0:08:00.000 I think the second debate, Delaware is a big haven 0:08:00.160 --> 0:08:03.880 for credit card companies, which is where the vice president 0:08:03.880 --> 0:08:06.440 elect hails from, because of the tax benefits. Correct. Yeah, 0:08:06.520 --> 0:08:08.440 it's set up in a certain way so that credit 0:08:08.440 --> 0:08:12.000 card companies benefit the most from that state. The same 0:08:12.160 --> 0:08:14.360 Florida as a tax haven for I think real estate 0:08:14.400 --> 0:08:17.560 businesses or something like that. I think Florida doesn't have 0:08:17.600 --> 0:08:21.320 an income tax, is that right? Don't They don't have 0:08:21.320 --> 0:08:25.080 an income tax. Yeah. No, they just operate on borrowed time. Right. 0:08:25.080 --> 0:08:28.080 I'm moving to Florida. Yeah, same here, buddy. UM. So, 0:08:28.200 --> 0:08:32.040 in this case, Santa Clara versus Southern Pacific Union Pacific, 0:08:32.040 --> 0:08:35.120 one of the two Southern Southern Pacific thank you. Um 0:08:35.160 --> 0:08:39.760 that was established. But here's where everything just gets totally hinky. 0:08:39.960 --> 0:08:44.200 I know, and I couldn't believe this. Yeah, the the 0:08:44.280 --> 0:08:46.960 court reporter for the Supreme Court wrote a little head 0:08:46.960 --> 0:08:49.240 note which is exactly what sounds like. It's a note 0:08:49.240 --> 0:08:52.160 at the head of the briefs of the ruling, and 0:08:52.240 --> 0:08:57.400 it's said, court decides that under the fourteenth Amendment, UH, 0:08:57.559 --> 0:09:02.560 corporations are afforded detection equal protection under the law. And 0:09:02.600 --> 0:09:05.840 that was it, right. But where it gets hanky, as 0:09:05.880 --> 0:09:10.360 you say, is that the Chief Justice did not say this. No, 0:09:10.800 --> 0:09:13.560 he actually wrote a personal note that was uncovered later 0:09:13.600 --> 0:09:17.680 on that said that the Court specifically did not rule 0:09:17.760 --> 0:09:19.600 on that. I knew that that's what the case came 0:09:19.640 --> 0:09:22.000 down to, written down, prepared to do that, right, just 0:09:22.040 --> 0:09:24.559 written down by the court the court reporter who turned 0:09:24.600 --> 0:09:31.360 out to be I believe an ex president, which I 0:09:32.320 --> 0:09:35.800 this is that a step back or not? You know, 0:09:35.840 --> 0:09:40.600 there's a long tradition of high finance, of huge industry 0:09:41.160 --> 0:09:44.440 putting their own people into public government. And as somebody 0:09:44.480 --> 0:09:48.400 said recently, you know, um Paulson's from Goldman Sacks, and 0:09:48.400 --> 0:09:54.120 somebody said recently, there is a revolving door between private 0:09:54.120 --> 0:09:58.280 and public service, very linked. And I apparently this was 0:09:58.760 --> 0:10:00.599 been going on for a very long time. Well it 0:10:00.679 --> 0:10:03.679 worked in this case. It did because since it was 0:10:03.720 --> 0:10:06.800 a head note, it wasn't law, but it did set 0:10:06.800 --> 0:10:09.240 precedent right, And I don't understand how that works, to 0:10:09.240 --> 0:10:12.079 be honest. Well, somebody can say, look, it's written right 0:10:12.120 --> 0:10:14.280 here and and you can use it as part of 0:10:14.320 --> 0:10:17.120 your argument, and they did. I think two years later 0:10:17.160 --> 0:10:19.679 there was another case, I think another railroad case or something. 0:10:20.000 --> 0:10:23.200 They pointed to it, and the Supreme Court finally ruled 0:10:23.240 --> 0:10:27.720 and said, yes, corporations have equal protection under the laws, 0:10:27.800 --> 0:10:30.679 artificial person, because this schmuck wrote it down, because he 0:10:30.760 --> 0:10:33.120 wrote it down at the head note of a ruling 0:10:33.120 --> 0:10:34.520 that had nothing to do with Yeah, I had no 0:10:34.559 --> 0:10:36.880 idea that the court reporter was such a position of power. 0:10:37.200 --> 0:10:40.200 Well apparently no one else did either, But yeah, so 0:10:40.720 --> 0:10:43.800 that's how we've gotten to the point where corporations have 0:10:43.840 --> 0:10:46.680 the same protection as you, chuck. The cops can't just 0:10:46.720 --> 0:10:48.960 come into your house and start looking around and the 0:10:49.000 --> 0:10:52.360 hopes that they find something incriminating because you're a person 0:10:52.520 --> 0:10:55.120 and you're protected under i think the Fourth Amendment from 0:10:55.240 --> 0:10:59.920 unreasonable searchers. So to our corporations, yeah, um, there was 0:11:00.080 --> 0:11:04.120 a case in the seventies where ocean inspectors, you know, 0:11:04.160 --> 0:11:08.160 they could just walk into a corporate headquarters business something 0:11:08.200 --> 0:11:11.240 like that for inspection and yeah, looking for violations, that 0:11:11.360 --> 0:11:14.840 kind of thing. Somebody sued that, you know, the corporations 0:11:14.920 --> 0:11:17.480 enjoy the same protection under the law in the Fourth 0:11:17.520 --> 0:11:21.839 Amendment and one. So now if you want to find violations, 0:11:22.200 --> 0:11:24.640 you have to make an appointment with the you know, 0:11:24.760 --> 0:11:29.640 a manager the store. Um, that one of the corporate officers, right, 0:11:29.679 --> 0:11:32.400 And I know, uh, I don't think this applies for 0:11:32.960 --> 0:11:36.520 food restaurant inspections because I used to work in restaurants 0:11:36.559 --> 0:11:39.400 and remember we were always caught very much off guard 0:11:39.440 --> 0:11:43.200 when the health inspector showed up. Yeah yeah, um, I 0:11:43.280 --> 0:11:45.560 don't know why that would be any different, but yeah, 0:11:45.640 --> 0:11:48.120 well maybe just we'll take a restaurant to file a 0:11:48.160 --> 0:11:51.440 suit for it to happen. Maybe so maybe so, um, 0:11:51.640 --> 0:11:57.240 there's also a really sterling example. I love Nike. Nike 0:11:57.760 --> 0:12:02.280 um as we all know, as is common knowledge now, uh, 0:12:02.360 --> 0:12:08.559 Nike was running some really abuse of corporate practices overseas 0:12:07.520 --> 0:12:11.959 and it's one word for him. Definitely in the nineties, 0:12:12.320 --> 0:12:16.479 this is not widely known. I mean a certain subversive 0:12:16.559 --> 0:12:19.760 section of the of society understood this right. People that 0:12:19.840 --> 0:12:23.000 did their homework right. Most people didn't really walk around going, oh, 0:12:23.120 --> 0:12:26.359 Nike run sweatshops over and you know, I think Malaysia 0:12:27.160 --> 0:12:30.679 UM one M I T student actually managed to break 0:12:30.720 --> 0:12:34.679 it into the public view. And uh, I can't remember. 0:12:34.720 --> 0:12:37.439 Do you remember when this was when Nike would allow 0:12:37.480 --> 0:12:40.360 you to have anything you want stitched on their shoes. 0:12:41.559 --> 0:12:43.880 I don't remember that, but it was in two thousand one. 0:12:44.360 --> 0:12:48.079 You could get something stitched, a personal message or whatever 0:12:48.120 --> 0:12:50.640 your name something yeah, yeah, And this guy from M 0:12:50.640 --> 0:12:54.160 I T wanted the word sweatshop embroidered on his Nikes yeah, 0:12:54.240 --> 0:12:57.760 and they said no. So he forwarded the email around 0:12:58.200 --> 0:13:00.800 and in a very short order got picked up by 0:13:00.840 --> 0:13:05.200 some of the major news services and people started investigating 0:13:05.280 --> 0:13:09.520 Nike's practices more and more. Well, Nike, it started this 0:13:09.720 --> 0:13:14.319 huge pr blitz where they said no, that's absolutely not true. 0:13:14.440 --> 0:13:19.200 This is this is completely unfounded. We treat all of 0:13:19.200 --> 0:13:23.000 our employees very well. I mean, just lie after lie 0:13:23.200 --> 0:13:28.080 after lie. Finally, somebody went to Malaysia some of these countries, 0:13:28.240 --> 0:13:31.120 these developing countries where Nike was running these sweatshops and 0:13:31.240 --> 0:13:35.079 filmed the practices. Somebody made a pretty decent documentary out 0:13:35.080 --> 0:13:36.880 of I can't remember what it was called, but apparently 0:13:36.920 --> 0:13:41.040 the living conditions were important. Factory workers were um, living 0:13:41.080 --> 0:13:44.360 in shannytown's next to the factory, and the roofs were 0:13:44.440 --> 0:13:47.880 made of discarded souls, like the stuff they used to 0:13:47.960 --> 0:13:50.520 for the souls of the Nike. Um. You know, it's 0:13:50.520 --> 0:13:54.240 just really bad business practices. So finally Nike is forced 0:13:54.240 --> 0:13:59.840 to say, okay, fine, you know that's right. Was brought 0:13:59.840 --> 0:14:03.040 by man in California. And what was Nike's defense. Uh, 0:14:03.240 --> 0:14:06.679 Nike's defense was, and this is just unbelievable, was that 0:14:06.840 --> 0:14:10.000 because they are granted the same righteous people, they are 0:14:10.080 --> 0:14:16.440 allowed to lie under the uh fourth Amendment first freedom 0:14:16.480 --> 0:14:20.880 of speech. Yeah, so the sadvertising, you can't be sued 0:14:20.920 --> 0:14:23.640 for it because you're allowed to lie because your corporation 0:14:23.720 --> 0:14:26.720 and an artificial person didn't didn't really hold water though 0:14:27.040 --> 0:14:30.880 it didn't and uh, but no one ever ruled on it. Well, 0:14:30.880 --> 0:14:34.040 it's because they settled. Nike settle smartly. Yeah, and so 0:14:34.080 --> 0:14:36.320 they I think showed out like fifteen million or something 0:14:36.360 --> 0:14:38.520 like that. It's actually just one point five unless you're 0:14:38.560 --> 0:14:41.880 decimal point was off. It's terrible. Um, well it did 0:14:41.920 --> 0:14:46.200 go to some sort of labor protection group. One point 0:14:46.240 --> 0:14:47.720 five million. You know, that's not a lot. It's not 0:14:47.760 --> 0:14:50.360 although that will buy you a couple of houses in Malaysia, 0:14:50.400 --> 0:14:54.440 I imagine. Um, But the the the fact is that 0:14:54.600 --> 0:14:57.360 still the jury is still out whether or not a 0:14:57.400 --> 0:15:00.440 corporation can lie the fact that. But that's a how 0:15:00.920 --> 0:15:04.000 this whole thing has been established over time, it's been 0:15:04.240 --> 0:15:07.080 kind of um whittled away and added to and taken 0:15:07.160 --> 0:15:11.120 from the the The I guess happy ending to this 0:15:11.200 --> 0:15:15.160 story is Nike was finally put in such a bad 0:15:15.280 --> 0:15:19.960 light that they wrote a lengthy report on the working 0:15:20.000 --> 0:15:23.920 conditions of their factories, all of them, and basically, you know, 0:15:24.040 --> 0:15:27.560 self reported that they were mistreating their workers overseas and 0:15:27.600 --> 0:15:31.160 clean up their acts. So yeah, freedom, freedom of speech 0:15:31.160 --> 0:15:34.320 goes both ways. And in our ligitious society, it's good 0:15:34.320 --> 0:15:37.240 to have good lawyers if corporations of the same rights 0:15:37.240 --> 0:15:39.680 as you. It's a shame it took that kind of 0:15:39.720 --> 0:15:42.720 action though, for Nike to to realize that, you know, 0:15:42.760 --> 0:15:46.680 the greed that was going on. That's just my opinion. 0:15:47.000 --> 0:15:49.440 I agree with you. I don't know who wouldn't. Well, 0:15:49.440 --> 0:15:53.080 thanks for listening. Go tell everybody that all corporations have 0:15:53.240 --> 0:15:56.600 the same constitutional protections of you. Just do it. If 0:15:56.640 --> 0:15:59.880 they exactly and if they don't now they soon will. Well. 0:15:59.880 --> 0:16:02.640 You can read all about corporations having the same rights 0:16:02.680 --> 0:16:05.320 as you by just typing in a few magic keywords 0:16:05.320 --> 0:16:10.920 in our search bar at how stuff works dot com. 0:16:10.960 --> 0:16:13.480 For more on this and thousands of other topics, visit 0:16:13.520 --> 0:16:16.760 how stuff works dot com. Let us know what you think. 0:16:17.040 --> 0:16:22.480 Send an email to podcast at how stuff works dot com.