1 00:00:08,480 --> 00:00:11,440 Speaker 1: Jorgey, would you say that you have good taste in movies? 2 00:00:11,840 --> 00:00:13,520 Speaker 1: I don't know if I have good taste in movies, 3 00:00:13,560 --> 00:00:15,560 Speaker 1: but I feel like I like what I like. But 4 00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:18,280 Speaker 1: does that mean that you think those movies like taste good? 5 00:00:18,480 --> 00:00:20,919 Speaker 1: I mean doesn't mean to have good taste in movies? 6 00:00:21,160 --> 00:00:23,520 Speaker 1: You mean like if I ate a movie? Yeah, exactly. 7 00:00:23,520 --> 00:00:26,760 Speaker 1: Like are certain movies like delicious or like, you know, 8 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:29,760 Speaker 1: hard to swallow? I think some plotlines are definitely hard 9 00:00:29,840 --> 00:00:32,520 Speaker 1: to swallow. Yeah, But it's kind of an interesting question 10 00:00:32,560 --> 00:00:34,479 Speaker 1: that you ask me. Were you still of asking me, like, 11 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:37,040 Speaker 1: how can a movie taste? Or how can somebody have 12 00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:40,000 Speaker 1: good taste in music? Yeah? Exactly? Like why do we 13 00:00:40,080 --> 00:00:43,440 Speaker 1: use the word taste to describe how we choose art 14 00:00:43,680 --> 00:00:47,159 Speaker 1: or clothing or you know, living room furniture. It's not 15 00:00:47,159 --> 00:00:49,519 Speaker 1: like you're gonna eat that stuff. Well, it's probably just 16 00:00:49,600 --> 00:00:52,960 Speaker 1: kind of a poetic analogy, you know, Right, it's a 17 00:00:52,960 --> 00:00:55,840 Speaker 1: little bit of poetry. Right, We're saying, here's something we 18 00:00:55,880 --> 00:00:58,360 Speaker 1: can't really describe, and we're gonna related to something we 19 00:00:58,440 --> 00:01:17,520 Speaker 1: can describe. Hi am r hammade cartoonists and the creator 20 00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:21,440 Speaker 1: of PhD Comics. Hi I'm Daniel, I'm a particle physicist. 21 00:01:21,600 --> 00:01:24,440 Speaker 1: I smash stuff together at their large hay drawn collider 22 00:01:24,480 --> 00:01:26,680 Speaker 1: to try to figure out what the world is made 23 00:01:26,680 --> 00:01:29,160 Speaker 1: out of. And you are a listener with really good 24 00:01:29,160 --> 00:01:32,160 Speaker 1: taste because you are listening to our podcast, Daniel and 25 00:01:32,240 --> 00:01:35,639 Speaker 1: Jorge Explain the Universe, a production of I Heart Radio, 26 00:01:35,920 --> 00:01:39,640 Speaker 1: the most delicious podcast in the whole universe. But seriously, 27 00:01:40,080 --> 00:01:42,480 Speaker 1: our goal on this podcast really is to take the 28 00:01:42,600 --> 00:01:45,200 Speaker 1: universe and slice it into bite sized pieces so you 29 00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:48,120 Speaker 1: can chew them one at a time and really digest 30 00:01:48,200 --> 00:01:52,640 Speaker 1: each one, bite size installments of knowledge for your ears 31 00:01:52,880 --> 00:01:55,720 Speaker 1: taste buds. Yeah, exactly. We want you to really be 32 00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:59,160 Speaker 1: able to incorporate these ideas into your brain. Right, this 33 00:01:59,240 --> 00:02:00,920 Speaker 1: is something you don't just swallow it like a pill. 34 00:02:01,080 --> 00:02:03,000 Speaker 1: We want you to really, you know, take some time, 35 00:02:03,440 --> 00:02:07,040 Speaker 1: chew it, enjoy it, gave understand like the top notes 36 00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:08,639 Speaker 1: and the back notes and the I don't even know 37 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:10,920 Speaker 1: what I'm talking about here when it comes to names 38 00:02:11,160 --> 00:02:13,960 Speaker 1: of their various tastes. Take your your phone or whatever 39 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:16,079 Speaker 1: you're using to listen to this and kind of swirl 40 00:02:16,160 --> 00:02:18,280 Speaker 1: it around a little bit, you know, let this podcast 41 00:02:18,520 --> 00:02:20,680 Speaker 1: arrate a little bit. Hey, I think this podcast has 42 00:02:20,760 --> 00:02:23,560 Speaker 1: legs for tasting. That's what they say about wine. You 43 00:02:23,600 --> 00:02:25,280 Speaker 1: swirl it around and you look to see if it 44 00:02:25,280 --> 00:02:29,200 Speaker 1: has legs. I don't drink that much wine. Well, I'm 45 00:02:29,200 --> 00:02:32,079 Speaker 1: also complimenting your legs, Orge, it did shape them this morning. 46 00:02:32,800 --> 00:02:35,200 Speaker 1: What I didn't want to hear that nobody wanted to 47 00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:37,760 Speaker 1: hear that nobody wants to be Well, maybe some people 48 00:02:37,760 --> 00:02:39,680 Speaker 1: out there do want a mental image of Jorge shaving 49 00:02:39,720 --> 00:02:42,480 Speaker 1: his legs. But I think the point is that there 50 00:02:42,480 --> 00:02:47,560 Speaker 1: are words that physicists use sometimes describe physical phenomenon that 51 00:02:47,840 --> 00:02:51,760 Speaker 1: is kind of weird to use, right, It's kind of um, 52 00:02:51,800 --> 00:02:55,040 Speaker 1: it's kind of like they they're used for other things 53 00:02:55,040 --> 00:02:57,640 Speaker 1: in the English language. Yeah, And we've talked about that 54 00:02:57,720 --> 00:02:59,799 Speaker 1: a few times on this podcast. Recently, we did a 55 00:02:59,800 --> 00:03:03,840 Speaker 1: whole podcast about Spin, in which you rightly insisted that 56 00:03:03,880 --> 00:03:06,560 Speaker 1: we should have called it like spin, because it's not spin. 57 00:03:06,639 --> 00:03:09,959 Speaker 1: It's like spin. But there's an important point there that 58 00:03:10,000 --> 00:03:14,040 Speaker 1: we're sort of extrapolating. We're saying, here's something weird and unknown, 59 00:03:14,400 --> 00:03:16,920 Speaker 1: but it's sort of similar in interesting ways to this 60 00:03:16,960 --> 00:03:19,120 Speaker 1: thing we do know, and so let's give it that 61 00:03:19,240 --> 00:03:22,160 Speaker 1: name so we can associate these two ideas in our head. Yeah, 62 00:03:22,280 --> 00:03:25,040 Speaker 1: I am a grumpy person when it comes to nomenclature, 63 00:03:25,360 --> 00:03:28,680 Speaker 1: to naming things. I'll take that mantle. I've heard you 64 00:03:28,680 --> 00:03:30,560 Speaker 1: do this yourself about your own work. What do you 65 00:03:30,560 --> 00:03:33,280 Speaker 1: mean Sometimes you introduce your comic and if somebody, if 66 00:03:33,280 --> 00:03:35,600 Speaker 1: you don't get that flash of recognition, you say, oh, 67 00:03:35,720 --> 00:03:40,440 Speaker 1: PhD comics. It's like Dilbert but for academia. Yeah, and yeah, 68 00:03:40,480 --> 00:03:44,800 Speaker 1: I think analogies are useful in the English language, and 69 00:03:44,840 --> 00:03:48,800 Speaker 1: that's why I use the word like, you know, but 70 00:03:48,920 --> 00:03:52,000 Speaker 1: we relean on these heavily in physics. I mean, when 71 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:56,680 Speaker 1: we talk about things being particles, metaphors are analogies metaphors, Yeah, 72 00:03:56,800 --> 00:03:59,320 Speaker 1: and I would admit that we often use metaphors when 73 00:03:59,320 --> 00:04:02,600 Speaker 1: we should be using analogies. But that's basically all we do. 74 00:04:02,680 --> 00:04:05,560 Speaker 1: You know, in physics, we try to describe the unknown. 75 00:04:06,040 --> 00:04:08,120 Speaker 1: And what can you do when you describe the unknown 76 00:04:08,160 --> 00:04:10,840 Speaker 1: accept related to the known? Right, So you're like, what 77 00:04:10,960 --> 00:04:12,760 Speaker 1: is a particle? Like, it's kind of like a little 78 00:04:12,760 --> 00:04:15,800 Speaker 1: spinning ball. Oh, it's kind of like a wave. You know, 79 00:04:15,800 --> 00:04:17,760 Speaker 1: how does this thing work? It's kind of like this 80 00:04:17,839 --> 00:04:20,640 Speaker 1: other thing and uh, And that's the job of physics 81 00:04:20,680 --> 00:04:23,599 Speaker 1: is to say here's all these weird, disparate phenomena. Can 82 00:04:23,680 --> 00:04:27,240 Speaker 1: we describe them using similar ideas? So this this, you know, 83 00:04:27,279 --> 00:04:29,440 Speaker 1: there's a good intention there. It's not like physics is 84 00:04:29,520 --> 00:04:32,479 Speaker 1: trying to deceive people by saying this has spin and 85 00:04:32,480 --> 00:04:34,719 Speaker 1: this is a particle and this as this flavor. We're 86 00:04:34,760 --> 00:04:36,960 Speaker 1: doing our best to try to connect these things to 87 00:04:37,040 --> 00:04:38,680 Speaker 1: ideas that are already in your head to make them 88 00:04:38,720 --> 00:04:41,400 Speaker 1: easier to understand. And so today on the podcast, we'll 89 00:04:41,400 --> 00:04:49,840 Speaker 1: be talking about what do quarks taste like? That's right, 90 00:04:50,279 --> 00:04:52,640 Speaker 1: what do quarks taste like? And what do they look like? 91 00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:56,720 Speaker 1: Because in particle physics, we describe corks as having flavor, 92 00:04:57,160 --> 00:05:00,600 Speaker 1: and we also describe them as having color, and so 93 00:05:00,640 --> 00:05:03,360 Speaker 1: you might be wondering, like, what how does a tiny 94 00:05:03,360 --> 00:05:05,680 Speaker 1: little particle have like a color or a flavor? Like 95 00:05:05,720 --> 00:05:08,200 Speaker 1: can you taste one particle at a time? What does 96 00:05:08,240 --> 00:05:11,640 Speaker 1: that really mean? These guys being literal, are they being metaphorical? 97 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:16,200 Speaker 1: Are they being analogical? What's the word there? Yeah, poetic? 98 00:05:16,520 --> 00:05:20,640 Speaker 1: You know, wrong? Perhaps there you go, and we will 99 00:05:20,680 --> 00:05:23,520 Speaker 1: be open to the possibility that physics has taken too 100 00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:27,000 Speaker 1: many liberties in bending the English language to describe what 101 00:05:27,040 --> 00:05:29,000 Speaker 1: we've learned. Yeah. So, and there are a lot of 102 00:05:29,040 --> 00:05:33,120 Speaker 1: examples like this in physics, right, especially particle physics, because 103 00:05:33,120 --> 00:05:36,880 Speaker 1: you're dealing with some pretty weird and unknown things. Yeah, 104 00:05:36,960 --> 00:05:39,400 Speaker 1: we basically always have to do that when we're describing 105 00:05:39,440 --> 00:05:42,599 Speaker 1: these tiny, little weird things we call particles. Um, we're 106 00:05:42,640 --> 00:05:44,960 Speaker 1: always relying on things that we understand, even the whole 107 00:05:44,960 --> 00:05:47,320 Speaker 1: idea of a field, you know, like that we talked 108 00:05:47,320 --> 00:05:50,880 Speaker 1: about quantum fields and electromagnetic fields. You know, you're relying 109 00:05:50,920 --> 00:05:55,720 Speaker 1: on your your understanding of of of how these things work. Um, 110 00:05:55,800 --> 00:05:58,280 Speaker 1: you know, a field in general, it's like I imagine, 111 00:05:58,320 --> 00:06:00,599 Speaker 1: like a field of weed or field of asked, you know, 112 00:06:00,720 --> 00:06:04,080 Speaker 1: like thinking about how things change over a plane. Um. 113 00:06:04,200 --> 00:06:07,719 Speaker 1: So everything we do basically is some sort of poetic 114 00:06:07,839 --> 00:06:10,880 Speaker 1: or non poetic extension of the English language. They were 115 00:06:10,960 --> 00:06:16,480 Speaker 1: in particular talking about corks, right, because corks have both color, flavor, 116 00:06:16,520 --> 00:06:20,200 Speaker 1: and spin, But they actually don't have neither color, flavor 117 00:06:20,240 --> 00:06:24,080 Speaker 1: nor spin. They have like flavor, like color and like spin. 118 00:06:24,440 --> 00:06:29,000 Speaker 1: There you go, Yeah, there you go, podcast done, podcast over. No, 119 00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:31,480 Speaker 1: we're gonna dig into exactly what that means. But I 120 00:06:31,520 --> 00:06:34,480 Speaker 1: was curious what people thought, um, So I went around 121 00:06:34,520 --> 00:06:36,880 Speaker 1: the camp as a uc irvine, and I asked people first. 122 00:06:36,880 --> 00:06:38,760 Speaker 1: I asked them, hey, have you heard of a cork? 123 00:06:39,480 --> 00:06:42,120 Speaker 1: And most people you'll you'll hear their responses. But if 124 00:06:42,160 --> 00:06:44,480 Speaker 1: they hadn't, I asked them, what would you believe me 125 00:06:44,760 --> 00:06:47,400 Speaker 1: if I told you that these tiny particles had flavor 126 00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:50,160 Speaker 1: or color? But if they had heard of them? You 127 00:06:50,200 --> 00:06:53,039 Speaker 1: would ask them if they knew that they have flavors? 128 00:06:53,080 --> 00:06:55,080 Speaker 1: That's right, if they if they had heard of them. 129 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:57,359 Speaker 1: I asked them if they knew about cork flavor and color, 130 00:06:57,480 --> 00:06:59,560 Speaker 1: And if they hadn't, I said, would you believe me 131 00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:01,839 Speaker 1: if I told you that they had flavors and colors? 132 00:07:01,960 --> 00:07:04,479 Speaker 1: This is like a multipart question here, all right? Yeah? 133 00:07:04,680 --> 00:07:07,000 Speaker 1: Otherwise it was just too too short of conversation. Have 134 00:07:07,040 --> 00:07:09,200 Speaker 1: you heard of corks? No? All right, well there you go. 135 00:07:09,360 --> 00:07:11,520 Speaker 1: Those of you listening, maybe take a second to think 136 00:07:11,520 --> 00:07:13,360 Speaker 1: about if somebody approach you on the street and ask 137 00:07:13,440 --> 00:07:16,880 Speaker 1: you what a corks taste like or what's their flavor 138 00:07:17,040 --> 00:07:20,160 Speaker 1: or color? What would you answer? Here's what people had 139 00:07:20,200 --> 00:07:22,160 Speaker 1: to say, Um, have you heard of quarks? Do you 140 00:07:22,160 --> 00:07:26,040 Speaker 1: know what corks are? I've heard of them. Um, they're 141 00:07:26,040 --> 00:07:28,160 Speaker 1: supposed to have colors and flavors. Do you know what 142 00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:32,120 Speaker 1: cork colors and flavors mean? U? Cork is a delightful 143 00:07:32,320 --> 00:07:34,600 Speaker 1: like yogurty kind of a thing. So that's the first 144 00:07:34,600 --> 00:07:36,600 Speaker 1: thing that I thought of. What the question is, do 145 00:07:36,640 --> 00:07:40,640 Speaker 1: you know what cork flavors are? Wow? You're not talking 146 00:07:40,680 --> 00:07:44,640 Speaker 1: strawberry blueberry for the yogurt um. I have heard of 147 00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:48,680 Speaker 1: cork flavors. Yes, I have heard of corks. Another thing, 148 00:07:48,760 --> 00:07:50,600 Speaker 1: don't know what they are. Did you know that quarks 149 00:07:50,640 --> 00:07:54,240 Speaker 1: come in different colors and flavors? No? I wish I 150 00:07:54,280 --> 00:07:57,160 Speaker 1: could say yes, but I don't have heard of them. 151 00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:01,200 Speaker 1: But no, quirky people. Did you know that quirks, the 152 00:08:01,240 --> 00:08:04,480 Speaker 1: fundamental particles, come in different flavors and colors? I had 153 00:08:04,520 --> 00:08:07,600 Speaker 1: also heard out, but I can't believe I did not. 154 00:08:08,200 --> 00:08:11,080 Speaker 1: All right, great, Yeah, they're one of the parts of 155 00:08:12,160 --> 00:08:14,760 Speaker 1: protons and neutrons. Right. Do you know that they come 156 00:08:14,760 --> 00:08:18,960 Speaker 1: in different colors and flavors? Can you explain that? Do 157 00:08:19,040 --> 00:08:21,480 Speaker 1: they really taste and look different? No, it's just the 158 00:08:21,560 --> 00:08:24,560 Speaker 1: way that it's described. There's up and down, and I 159 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:26,840 Speaker 1: don't really understand too much how that works. I would 160 00:08:26,840 --> 00:08:28,880 Speaker 1: have a hard time believing that because as far as 161 00:08:28,920 --> 00:08:31,679 Speaker 1: I know, we don't really see the quantum quantum mechanical 162 00:08:32,040 --> 00:08:33,520 Speaker 1: side of the world, so I don't know how that 163 00:08:33,559 --> 00:08:37,600 Speaker 1: would work exactly. All right, A pretty delicious set of 164 00:08:37,800 --> 00:08:41,959 Speaker 1: answers there, that's right. Yeah. Um. I was amazed to 165 00:08:42,040 --> 00:08:45,480 Speaker 1: learn that there actually is a European yogurt product called 166 00:08:45,559 --> 00:08:48,480 Speaker 1: cork that does come in various flavors. Is that true? 167 00:08:48,800 --> 00:08:52,000 Speaker 1: That is true? I verified that via Google. Well, technically 168 00:08:52,040 --> 00:08:54,240 Speaker 1: that yogurt probably does have a lot of quarks in it. 169 00:08:54,400 --> 00:08:56,720 Speaker 1: That's true. We should relabel everything in the grocery store 170 00:08:56,760 --> 00:08:59,679 Speaker 1: as mostly quarks, quirks and electrons. Is that going to 171 00:08:59,720 --> 00:09:03,360 Speaker 1: be a part of the physics food company? Quirks and electrons? Yum, yum, yum. 172 00:09:03,400 --> 00:09:04,880 Speaker 1: That's right. You can put out you can have a 173 00:09:04,880 --> 00:09:08,080 Speaker 1: pattern for pretty much anything, and you would dominate the 174 00:09:08,240 --> 00:09:11,000 Speaker 1: entire global economy. That's true. And that's something I think 175 00:09:11,160 --> 00:09:14,200 Speaker 1: most people haven't really gotten their minds around the fact 176 00:09:14,200 --> 00:09:16,200 Speaker 1: that everything they eat is just made out of the 177 00:09:16,240 --> 00:09:18,840 Speaker 1: same particles, and it's made out of the same particles 178 00:09:18,840 --> 00:09:21,280 Speaker 1: in basically the same numbers. You know, you have a 179 00:09:21,280 --> 00:09:24,679 Speaker 1: spoonful of yogurt, and you have a spoonful of I 180 00:09:24,720 --> 00:09:28,040 Speaker 1: don't know. What's something healthy um ice cream or lentils 181 00:09:28,080 --> 00:09:30,760 Speaker 1: or whatever. Then it has the same particles in it, 182 00:09:30,800 --> 00:09:34,600 Speaker 1: they're just arranged differently. So the thingness that you're eating, 183 00:09:34,640 --> 00:09:37,560 Speaker 1: the the yumminess or the grossness, comes entirely from how 184 00:09:37,600 --> 00:09:40,080 Speaker 1: those particles are put together, not what they're actually made 185 00:09:40,080 --> 00:09:44,880 Speaker 1: out of, which endlessly fascinates me. A bit of a digression, sorry, 186 00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:48,000 Speaker 1: but onto the topic of quarks being tasty, Maybe we 187 00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:51,160 Speaker 1: should um first remind people what a quirk is and 188 00:09:51,200 --> 00:09:53,640 Speaker 1: where it sits in the sort of hierarchy of particles, 189 00:09:53,880 --> 00:09:56,920 Speaker 1: and then dig into their flavors and colors. All right, Yeah, 190 00:09:57,000 --> 00:09:59,320 Speaker 1: so let's bring it down for people, or remind them 191 00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:03,000 Speaker 1: what is a quirk, Daniel. It's a delicious European yogurt apparently, 192 00:10:03,080 --> 00:10:04,840 Speaker 1: all right, And what flavors does it come in? And 193 00:10:04,880 --> 00:10:10,400 Speaker 1: what color is this? It comes in strawberry and blueberry. Now, 194 00:10:10,480 --> 00:10:14,520 Speaker 1: a quirk is, as far as we know, a fundamental particle, right, 195 00:10:14,559 --> 00:10:16,720 Speaker 1: So if you look at the stuff around you, then 196 00:10:16,840 --> 00:10:19,040 Speaker 1: you know stuff is made out of atoms, elements of 197 00:10:19,080 --> 00:10:21,840 Speaker 1: the periodic table. You dig into those atoms of course, 198 00:10:21,840 --> 00:10:25,000 Speaker 1: as a nucleus surrounded by electrons and inside the nucleus 199 00:10:25,000 --> 00:10:28,920 Speaker 1: are protons and neutrons, right, protons being positively charged and 200 00:10:29,000 --> 00:10:32,559 Speaker 1: neutrons being neutral. But inside the protons and neutrons are 201 00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:35,360 Speaker 1: these particles we call quarks, and there's either two up 202 00:10:35,400 --> 00:10:38,400 Speaker 1: quarks and a down or two down quirks and and up, 203 00:10:38,600 --> 00:10:41,120 Speaker 1: and that gives you protons and neutrons. So even the 204 00:10:41,200 --> 00:10:44,120 Speaker 1: smallest level, everything is made out of these little pieces 205 00:10:44,120 --> 00:10:46,880 Speaker 1: that are arranged differently. The same basic building blocks can 206 00:10:46,880 --> 00:10:49,720 Speaker 1: give you protons or neutrons. It's just sort of different 207 00:10:49,760 --> 00:10:52,000 Speaker 1: numbers of the stuff and arranged differently. Because I think 208 00:10:52,040 --> 00:10:55,000 Speaker 1: most of us learned about the atom in high school, right, 209 00:10:55,120 --> 00:10:58,960 Speaker 1: and we learned that there's a little nucleus with protons 210 00:10:58,960 --> 00:11:02,920 Speaker 1: and neutrons and then electrons flying around them. Um. But 211 00:11:03,040 --> 00:11:05,920 Speaker 1: the thing you're saying is that those things inside the 212 00:11:06,000 --> 00:11:09,640 Speaker 1: nucleus are not actually things. We're just kind of configurations 213 00:11:09,679 --> 00:11:11,840 Speaker 1: of smaller things. Yeah, well, there are things in the 214 00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:13,920 Speaker 1: same level that you're a thing, right, You're a thing, 215 00:11:13,960 --> 00:11:16,840 Speaker 1: and you're configurations of smaller things, and those smaller things 216 00:11:16,840 --> 00:11:19,360 Speaker 1: a configuration of smaller things, and on and on and 217 00:11:19,400 --> 00:11:21,439 Speaker 1: on until we don't know when in the end everything 218 00:11:21,520 --> 00:11:23,240 Speaker 1: is made out of these particles, and there really are 219 00:11:23,280 --> 00:11:26,000 Speaker 1: the fundamental building blocks of like all the matter you 220 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:28,640 Speaker 1: you've seen, all the matter you've tasted, all the things 221 00:11:28,679 --> 00:11:31,000 Speaker 1: you see in the night sky. You know those stars 222 00:11:31,000 --> 00:11:33,640 Speaker 1: out there, and they're made mostly out of quirks. Um. 223 00:11:33,720 --> 00:11:36,240 Speaker 1: The planet under your feet is made mostly out of quarks. 224 00:11:36,480 --> 00:11:38,280 Speaker 1: Your hand that you're looking at right now is made 225 00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:40,319 Speaker 1: mostly out of corks. The brain you're using to hear 226 00:11:40,360 --> 00:11:42,840 Speaker 1: this podcast is made mostly out of quirks, but two 227 00:11:42,960 --> 00:11:47,079 Speaker 1: quirks in particular, up corks and down corks. And they are, 228 00:11:47,160 --> 00:11:49,160 Speaker 1: as far as you know, the fundamental in the sense 229 00:11:49,160 --> 00:11:51,240 Speaker 1: that you as far as you know, you can't split 230 00:11:51,280 --> 00:11:53,440 Speaker 1: them any further, or they're not made out of even 231 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:56,600 Speaker 1: smaller things themselves. That's right, as far as we know. 232 00:11:56,720 --> 00:11:59,320 Speaker 1: But that's mostly because we don't have enough power to 233 00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:01,560 Speaker 1: break them for there. And you know, there's an interesting 234 00:12:01,559 --> 00:12:03,880 Speaker 1: bit of history here that for a long time people 235 00:12:03,880 --> 00:12:06,480 Speaker 1: thought protons and neutrons were fundamental particles. They were the 236 00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:10,439 Speaker 1: smallest things we had found yet. And then people came 237 00:12:10,480 --> 00:12:12,960 Speaker 1: up with an idea that there might be particles inside 238 00:12:12,960 --> 00:12:15,520 Speaker 1: the protons and neutrons, and you know, they call them quirks. 239 00:12:15,559 --> 00:12:17,200 Speaker 1: But inside the field there was a debate for a 240 00:12:17,240 --> 00:12:20,400 Speaker 1: long time about whether corks were real, like, you know, 241 00:12:20,440 --> 00:12:22,560 Speaker 1: are they really there or is it just something we 242 00:12:22,720 --> 00:12:25,240 Speaker 1: use in our calculations that helps us figure out how 243 00:12:25,240 --> 00:12:27,720 Speaker 1: the math works. And there's sort of a lively debate 244 00:12:27,720 --> 00:12:30,240 Speaker 1: for a while until you know, we actually saw quirks 245 00:12:30,240 --> 00:12:33,600 Speaker 1: by breaking over the proton and interacting with them directly. Right, 246 00:12:33,640 --> 00:12:36,200 Speaker 1: But you you don't actually see the courts, right like, 247 00:12:36,240 --> 00:12:39,280 Speaker 1: you don't detect the corks. You detect what they turn 248 00:12:39,360 --> 00:12:43,280 Speaker 1: into or what they break into. That's right. Quirks by themselves, um, 249 00:12:43,640 --> 00:12:47,160 Speaker 1: don't hang out very long. They have such powerful forces, 250 00:12:47,200 --> 00:12:49,959 Speaker 1: the strong nuclear force, that they gather other stuff around 251 00:12:49,960 --> 00:12:52,600 Speaker 1: them very very quickly. So you almost never see In fact, 252 00:12:52,640 --> 00:12:55,200 Speaker 1: you never see a free cork, a naked cork just 253 00:12:55,280 --> 00:12:58,480 Speaker 1: by itself. It very quickly just grabs energy out of 254 00:12:58,480 --> 00:13:00,960 Speaker 1: the vacuum and dresses itself up. They're very shy. Who 255 00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:03,000 Speaker 1: wants a bunch of physics to see them naked? I mean, 256 00:13:03,440 --> 00:13:05,839 Speaker 1: I think a lot of people can really I won't 257 00:13:05,840 --> 00:13:08,439 Speaker 1: answer that question. I'm not qualified to speak to that question. 258 00:13:08,480 --> 00:13:10,760 Speaker 1: But so you've never seen a cord by itself you 259 00:13:10,840 --> 00:13:13,480 Speaker 1: mostly see the bits of it, but from your theory 260 00:13:13,679 --> 00:13:16,720 Speaker 1: you can piece together that at some point in that 261 00:13:17,120 --> 00:13:21,960 Speaker 1: shower of stuff there a cork existed. Yeah, exactly. And 262 00:13:22,080 --> 00:13:25,160 Speaker 1: also on the other side, remember we're colliding protons, so 263 00:13:25,160 --> 00:13:27,400 Speaker 1: when we start out, we collide protons, but protons are 264 00:13:27,440 --> 00:13:30,160 Speaker 1: basically just bags of quarks, and we speed them up 265 00:13:30,240 --> 00:13:34,200 Speaker 1: so much. That's actually interacting are the corks inside the 266 00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:37,800 Speaker 1: proton Because the energy of the cork, the energy the 267 00:13:37,840 --> 00:13:39,920 Speaker 1: corks have when they're moving in the beams, is much 268 00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:42,880 Speaker 1: much bigger than the energy that's holding the proton together. 269 00:13:43,080 --> 00:13:45,880 Speaker 1: So you can basically just disregard that. So on one hand, 270 00:13:45,920 --> 00:13:48,000 Speaker 1: you can think of the large Hadron collider as a 271 00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:50,360 Speaker 1: proton collider, but really we think of it as a 272 00:13:50,400 --> 00:13:53,480 Speaker 1: cork collider because it's colliding these bags of corks against 273 00:13:53,520 --> 00:13:56,480 Speaker 1: each other. So while we've never like individually seen a 274 00:13:56,559 --> 00:13:59,040 Speaker 1: cork by itself, we have a lot of pretty direct 275 00:13:59,080 --> 00:14:01,880 Speaker 1: evidence that they do this. You're telling me you even 276 00:14:02,040 --> 00:14:06,679 Speaker 1: name your own machines wrong, like your your machine should 277 00:14:06,679 --> 00:14:09,160 Speaker 1: have been called the large Cork. We need you, man, 278 00:14:09,200 --> 00:14:11,760 Speaker 1: I keep telling you we need you on these committees 279 00:14:11,760 --> 00:14:15,000 Speaker 1: for the naming because somebody services are available for for 280 00:14:15,040 --> 00:14:18,000 Speaker 1: a feed ten. I'll put you in the budget next time. 281 00:14:18,400 --> 00:14:24,120 Speaker 1: Namer that's my name, or scientist what you just named 282 00:14:24,160 --> 00:14:28,480 Speaker 1: yourself the namer? If you're that good, if you're gonna 283 00:14:28,480 --> 00:14:30,360 Speaker 1: be I mean, it's direct. I like it. It's simple. 284 00:14:30,640 --> 00:14:32,400 Speaker 1: But if you're gonna go for like I'm in charge 285 00:14:32,400 --> 00:14:33,880 Speaker 1: of naming stuff for physics, you've got to be a 286 00:14:33,920 --> 00:14:37,400 Speaker 1: little more creative than that, right, his grand namingus. It's 287 00:14:37,440 --> 00:14:39,160 Speaker 1: simple and direct, that's what I keep But I keep 288 00:14:39,200 --> 00:14:44,560 Speaker 1: telling you guys, you need to be not poetic the 289 00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:49,520 Speaker 1: namer of particles. No poetic flourishes allowed here. Huh. Well, 290 00:14:49,640 --> 00:14:52,680 Speaker 1: so let's get into what a court taste like or 291 00:14:52,720 --> 00:14:55,720 Speaker 1: what a court looks like. But first let's take a 292 00:14:55,760 --> 00:15:11,800 Speaker 1: quick break. Alright, So we're digging into courts today, and 293 00:15:11,840 --> 00:15:16,760 Speaker 1: in particular this idea that a cork has flavor. That's okay, 294 00:15:17,400 --> 00:15:22,760 Speaker 1: flavor flavor where's blinging and wraps. It gets even funnier 295 00:15:22,760 --> 00:15:25,760 Speaker 1: than that because there are other corks out there, right, 296 00:15:26,080 --> 00:15:29,160 Speaker 1: And those corks are heavier, so they're just like the 297 00:15:29,240 --> 00:15:31,280 Speaker 1: up cork and the down cork, but they have more mass, 298 00:15:31,720 --> 00:15:33,720 Speaker 1: and so we often refer to those other corks as 299 00:15:33,960 --> 00:15:36,920 Speaker 1: heavy flavor. And I remember in grad school telling my 300 00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:40,040 Speaker 1: friends who are like biologists or you know, political science 301 00:15:40,040 --> 00:15:42,000 Speaker 1: grad students, when I was working on I said, I'm 302 00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:44,160 Speaker 1: working on a heavy flavor and to them that totally 303 00:15:44,160 --> 00:15:47,360 Speaker 1: sounded like a rap group heavy flavor. Yeah, I'm gonna 304 00:15:47,400 --> 00:15:49,720 Speaker 1: drop some heavy flavor on you today. Man. There is 305 00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:53,840 Speaker 1: a well known YouTuber who wraps and things about physics. 306 00:15:53,960 --> 00:15:56,440 Speaker 1: You've heard of him? Met him? I've met him. But 307 00:15:56,680 --> 00:15:59,560 Speaker 1: have you heard of him? Yeah? Isn't it a woman? No? No, 308 00:15:59,640 --> 00:16:02,400 Speaker 1: it's like there's a lot of acapella songs about physics. 309 00:16:02,400 --> 00:16:05,360 Speaker 1: Oh yes, um, I have heard of him. Acapella science. 310 00:16:05,360 --> 00:16:08,240 Speaker 1: He's fantastic. There's another there's a famous rap about the 311 00:16:08,320 --> 00:16:11,440 Speaker 1: LHC that was done by a a young graduate student. 312 00:16:11,480 --> 00:16:13,960 Speaker 1: She's also pretty good. So this turns out there's a 313 00:16:13,960 --> 00:16:16,840 Speaker 1: whole community of physics rappers out there. Yeah, that's what 314 00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:20,880 Speaker 1: exactly what the world needs. But back to the topic 315 00:16:20,880 --> 00:16:23,960 Speaker 1: of quirks. The idea of flavors is that there's more 316 00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:26,400 Speaker 1: than just the up cork and the down cork. Those exist, 317 00:16:26,480 --> 00:16:29,040 Speaker 1: those make the proton of the neutron, but sometimes you 318 00:16:29,040 --> 00:16:32,640 Speaker 1: can also make these other corks. They're called charm and strange, 319 00:16:32,960 --> 00:16:35,760 Speaker 1: top and bottom. And the thing that's interesting about the 320 00:16:35,800 --> 00:16:37,960 Speaker 1: other corks is that they're very similar to the up 321 00:16:37,960 --> 00:16:40,480 Speaker 1: cork and the down cork. They're like copies of those corks. 322 00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:44,680 Speaker 1: They're just heavier. So is that kind of what happened 323 00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:47,360 Speaker 1: that at first you only had two quarks up and down, 324 00:16:47,560 --> 00:16:50,000 Speaker 1: and then you discovered more corks, so you have to 325 00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:52,520 Speaker 1: come up with other names. Yes, exactly. The first thing 326 00:16:52,720 --> 00:16:55,480 Speaker 1: up in the down and then they found the strange cork, 327 00:16:56,360 --> 00:16:58,960 Speaker 1: and after that they found the charm cork, and then 328 00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:01,640 Speaker 1: the bottom and then top cork. Because I wonder if 329 00:17:01,640 --> 00:17:04,000 Speaker 1: physicists thought that there were only two, so they went 330 00:17:04,080 --> 00:17:06,520 Speaker 1: with up and down, and then they're like, wait, there's 331 00:17:06,560 --> 00:17:11,080 Speaker 1: another one. What do we call this one? Side? Left, right, front, back? No, 332 00:17:11,240 --> 00:17:14,320 Speaker 1: it it actually did happen that way. Um, there were 333 00:17:14,359 --> 00:17:16,840 Speaker 1: these particles that were kind of weird, so they called 334 00:17:16,880 --> 00:17:21,360 Speaker 1: them strange particles very creatively. And then when they discovered 335 00:17:21,400 --> 00:17:23,680 Speaker 1: that the reason they were strange was that they included 336 00:17:23,720 --> 00:17:26,520 Speaker 1: a new kind of cork, they called that the strange cork. 337 00:17:26,680 --> 00:17:28,800 Speaker 1: And then there was one that was just particularly charming, 338 00:17:28,960 --> 00:17:30,879 Speaker 1: and you're like, let's call this one the charm cork. 339 00:17:34,760 --> 00:17:37,080 Speaker 1: So we were saying that every particle, every cork has 340 00:17:37,119 --> 00:17:39,920 Speaker 1: like two cousins or two versions of it. The down 341 00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:42,880 Speaker 1: cork aligns with the strange cork. So then when they thought, well, 342 00:17:42,920 --> 00:17:44,840 Speaker 1: there must be a fourth cork to balance it out, 343 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:48,520 Speaker 1: they needed to make it somehow like above the strange 344 00:17:48,560 --> 00:17:51,960 Speaker 1: cork the way like the way up is above the down. 345 00:17:52,440 --> 00:17:54,280 Speaker 1: So they were like, well, what's you know, sort of 346 00:17:54,280 --> 00:17:57,120 Speaker 1: in that category, but you know higher. So they went 347 00:17:57,160 --> 00:17:59,880 Speaker 1: for charm. And you know, this is where the poetry. 348 00:18:00,080 --> 00:18:02,879 Speaker 1: They were like grasping for some sort of relationship to 349 00:18:02,960 --> 00:18:06,320 Speaker 1: try to describe these weird particles using you know, English, 350 00:18:06,440 --> 00:18:08,479 Speaker 1: and so they did their best, and they came up 351 00:18:08,480 --> 00:18:11,800 Speaker 1: with charm. They thought, charm is too strange. The way 352 00:18:11,920 --> 00:18:14,800 Speaker 1: up is to down. I can see that in like 353 00:18:14,840 --> 00:18:17,880 Speaker 1: an S A T question, you know, up to down 354 00:18:18,480 --> 00:18:24,840 Speaker 1: strangest to obviously charm. That's exactly what we did. Yes, 355 00:18:25,400 --> 00:18:26,919 Speaker 1: somebody was doing the S A T. And that's how 356 00:18:26,920 --> 00:18:29,760 Speaker 1: we needed particles. And then when they found another one 357 00:18:29,920 --> 00:18:32,280 Speaker 1: and it aligned again with the down cork, they called 358 00:18:32,280 --> 00:18:35,600 Speaker 1: it the bottom, which is not a great moment of creativity, right, 359 00:18:35,640 --> 00:18:37,400 Speaker 1: But once they called it the bottom. Then they had 360 00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:38,760 Speaker 1: to call the other one the top, and if you 361 00:18:38,840 --> 00:18:44,480 Speaker 1: find another one will be the lower and the under exactly. 362 00:18:45,080 --> 00:18:47,840 Speaker 1: I know. Interestingly, we've actually proven that there are only 363 00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:50,720 Speaker 1: three different flavors of corks. So when we say flavor, 364 00:18:50,760 --> 00:18:52,879 Speaker 1: of course that's what we mean. We mean either this 365 00:18:53,119 --> 00:18:57,840 Speaker 1: first group up and down, or the second group charming, strange, 366 00:18:58,200 --> 00:19:00,680 Speaker 1: or the third group top and bottom. So there are 367 00:19:00,680 --> 00:19:03,320 Speaker 1: three flavors of cork, and they're not strawberry, blueberry and 368 00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:06,240 Speaker 1: vanilla there you know, that first group, the second group, 369 00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:08,640 Speaker 1: in the third group. Okay, So the idea is that 370 00:19:08,960 --> 00:19:10,879 Speaker 1: first you only had to up and down, and you 371 00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:14,000 Speaker 1: discovered more and so suddenly you needed you needed a 372 00:19:14,119 --> 00:19:17,359 Speaker 1: name that tells you that separates all of these different 373 00:19:17,480 --> 00:19:20,520 Speaker 1: versions of the courts. Yeah, and probably somebody was like, 374 00:19:20,600 --> 00:19:22,480 Speaker 1: what can we do? How can we name it? Maybe 375 00:19:22,480 --> 00:19:24,119 Speaker 1: they like went down for ice cream and they were 376 00:19:24,119 --> 00:19:26,359 Speaker 1: looking at all the different flavors and they were thinking, 377 00:19:26,640 --> 00:19:28,800 Speaker 1: all these things are all similar, but each is a 378 00:19:28,840 --> 00:19:30,960 Speaker 1: little different, you know, And so I think they were 379 00:19:31,080 --> 00:19:33,720 Speaker 1: grasping for something poetic there. They were trying to describe 380 00:19:34,040 --> 00:19:37,320 Speaker 1: how these particles have relationships, but they're each a little 381 00:19:37,359 --> 00:19:40,160 Speaker 1: tweaked version of the other one. And so you know, flavor. 382 00:19:40,240 --> 00:19:42,680 Speaker 1: It's not a perfect description, but it's not terrible either. 383 00:19:42,760 --> 00:19:46,600 Speaker 1: Well it's weird because it's not really a quality. It's 384 00:19:46,640 --> 00:19:50,480 Speaker 1: not really a measurable quality, right, or quantity. It's just 385 00:19:50,640 --> 00:19:53,040 Speaker 1: it's just like a category. It's like it's it's basically 386 00:19:53,040 --> 00:20:00,960 Speaker 1: another word for category or another word for um types. Type. Yeah, yeah, exactly. 387 00:20:01,160 --> 00:20:04,280 Speaker 1: It's trying to describe basically the type of type or 388 00:20:04,280 --> 00:20:07,679 Speaker 1: the relationships between these three types, right, saying we have 389 00:20:07,760 --> 00:20:10,440 Speaker 1: these three types of things, what's the relationship between them? 390 00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:12,680 Speaker 1: And you know, to make it even more complicated, there's 391 00:20:12,720 --> 00:20:15,360 Speaker 1: actually sort of like dueling ways to talk about this. 392 00:20:15,600 --> 00:20:18,640 Speaker 1: Some people say, oh, there's three flavors of corks. Other 393 00:20:18,640 --> 00:20:22,040 Speaker 1: people say there's three families of corks or three generations 394 00:20:22,080 --> 00:20:24,600 Speaker 1: of corks, because they think that, you know, the cousin 395 00:20:25,080 --> 00:20:28,160 Speaker 1: analogy works better than like the ice cream flavor analogy. 396 00:20:28,280 --> 00:20:32,119 Speaker 1: So there's there's debate even within the physics community about 397 00:20:32,320 --> 00:20:36,080 Speaker 1: how good you got to name things. I think the 398 00:20:36,119 --> 00:20:37,960 Speaker 1: fact that nobody can agree on how to call them 399 00:20:38,119 --> 00:20:40,080 Speaker 1: pretty much settles the fact that we didn't do a 400 00:20:40,119 --> 00:20:42,080 Speaker 1: great job naming them. But I guess what I'm saying 401 00:20:42,160 --> 00:20:44,200 Speaker 1: is it's not a property that's like on a spectrum, 402 00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:47,520 Speaker 1: you know, like a you know, like a real flavor sweet. 403 00:20:47,560 --> 00:20:50,159 Speaker 1: You can have something really really sweet or less sweet 404 00:20:50,200 --> 00:20:53,080 Speaker 1: and everything in between. But a flavor for quarks it's 405 00:20:53,080 --> 00:20:58,200 Speaker 1: not really it's really more like strawberry or blueberry. It's quantized. Right, 406 00:20:58,240 --> 00:21:00,920 Speaker 1: You're right. You can't be halfway between one type or 407 00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:03,920 Speaker 1: the other. You can't be half up down and half 408 00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:07,000 Speaker 1: top bottom, right, that's not possible. You're either one or 409 00:21:07,040 --> 00:21:09,000 Speaker 1: the other. Well, I guess. But then the question is 410 00:21:09,040 --> 00:21:12,240 Speaker 1: do they have flavor? Like is there something about corks 411 00:21:12,640 --> 00:21:17,760 Speaker 1: and they're different flavors that is maybe analogous to real flavor. 412 00:21:17,960 --> 00:21:20,240 Speaker 1: I don't think so. I think it's a bit of 413 00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:23,199 Speaker 1: a stretch. I mean, corks do have flavor in the 414 00:21:23,240 --> 00:21:25,679 Speaker 1: sense that they taste like stuff, Like the last thing 415 00:21:25,720 --> 00:21:27,280 Speaker 1: you ate was made of quarks, and I hope it 416 00:21:27,359 --> 00:21:31,119 Speaker 1: tasted good. But corks themselves, you know, they have no 417 00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:34,359 Speaker 1: inherent flavor in that sense, and this quality that we 418 00:21:34,480 --> 00:21:38,080 Speaker 1: call flavor has, you know, only the most tenuous relationship 419 00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:41,240 Speaker 1: with the quality that you and I think of its flavor. Okay, 420 00:21:41,280 --> 00:21:43,159 Speaker 1: so it's not like it's something about the way they 421 00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:47,119 Speaker 1: react to other things, or it's not something related to 422 00:21:48,400 --> 00:21:51,440 Speaker 1: how how other particles feel them. It's just sort of 423 00:21:51,480 --> 00:21:53,520 Speaker 1: a name they use for like when you go to 424 00:21:53,560 --> 00:21:55,800 Speaker 1: the ice cream store and there are different types of 425 00:21:55,840 --> 00:21:58,679 Speaker 1: things to choose from. Yeah, exactly. And again I think 426 00:21:58,720 --> 00:22:01,960 Speaker 1: it's trying to show that they're part of a larger category, 427 00:22:02,280 --> 00:22:04,880 Speaker 1: but there are different elements in that category that they're 428 00:22:04,920 --> 00:22:09,560 Speaker 1: all sold under the same freezer. Yes, exactly. Basically great. 429 00:22:10,240 --> 00:22:12,600 Speaker 1: I think they're all sort of here altogether, and you 430 00:22:12,600 --> 00:22:14,639 Speaker 1: can order one of them. Yeah, that's about sums it up. 431 00:22:14,840 --> 00:22:18,280 Speaker 1: Quarks are all different varieties of frozen treats, all right, 432 00:22:18,320 --> 00:22:20,840 Speaker 1: So that's flavors. And so let's get into what color 433 00:22:21,040 --> 00:22:24,760 Speaker 1: quarks are, because apparently quarks also have color in addition 434 00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:27,880 Speaker 1: to spin, which they have neither of. But first let's 435 00:22:27,920 --> 00:22:43,680 Speaker 1: take a quick break. Quarks also have colors. You guys 436 00:22:43,720 --> 00:22:46,160 Speaker 1: give colors to quirks, And so this one you're telling 437 00:22:46,200 --> 00:22:49,200 Speaker 1: me is a little bit more more than just poetic. Yeah, 438 00:22:49,240 --> 00:22:52,360 Speaker 1: I think this one really does convey something about how 439 00:22:52,400 --> 00:22:55,680 Speaker 1: the property works. The relationships that hasn't really makes the 440 00:22:55,720 --> 00:22:57,440 Speaker 1: more sense if you think about in terms of color, 441 00:22:58,080 --> 00:23:01,000 Speaker 1: and this relates to how the quirks interact with each other. 442 00:23:01,560 --> 00:23:04,720 Speaker 1: I remember that these corks are bound together inside a 443 00:23:04,720 --> 00:23:07,240 Speaker 1: proton or inside a neutron, And you might ask, like 444 00:23:07,280 --> 00:23:10,120 Speaker 1: what holds them together? And you're probably familiar with thinking 445 00:23:10,160 --> 00:23:14,200 Speaker 1: about electromagnetism, Like electrons are negative and protons are positive, 446 00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:17,000 Speaker 1: and so they feel these forces. That's will hold the 447 00:23:17,040 --> 00:23:19,760 Speaker 1: atoms together. Well, what holds a proton and neutron together 448 00:23:19,880 --> 00:23:23,880 Speaker 1: is a totally different force. It's the strong nuclear force, right, 449 00:23:24,160 --> 00:23:26,399 Speaker 1: and so, and the strong nuclear force is one of 450 00:23:26,400 --> 00:23:30,480 Speaker 1: the four frontamental forces. Right, there's other big forces that 451 00:23:30,880 --> 00:23:33,560 Speaker 1: make particles push and pull on each other. That's right. 452 00:23:33,560 --> 00:23:36,720 Speaker 1: We have gravity, we have electromagnetism, we have the strong 453 00:23:36,800 --> 00:23:39,159 Speaker 1: nuclear force, and we have the weak nuclear force. And 454 00:23:39,280 --> 00:23:42,760 Speaker 1: actually we've already combined the weak nuclear force with electromagnetism. 455 00:23:42,800 --> 00:23:45,280 Speaker 1: So you can think of it as three sometimes. But 456 00:23:45,440 --> 00:23:49,000 Speaker 1: strong is is its own? Yeah, um, strong is it? 457 00:23:49,119 --> 00:23:52,400 Speaker 1: All this time? I've been saying for you're like decades 458 00:23:52,400 --> 00:23:54,159 Speaker 1: behind the time, man, you should like talk to a 459 00:23:54,160 --> 00:23:57,879 Speaker 1: particle in I think I read that in a book 460 00:23:57,920 --> 00:24:01,280 Speaker 1: that we wrote, Daniel. I think I added a footnote 461 00:24:01,320 --> 00:24:04,800 Speaker 1: with that caveat somewhere in that book. Um, yes, it's 462 00:24:04,840 --> 00:24:06,720 Speaker 1: called the electroc Week because it turns out that the 463 00:24:06,760 --> 00:24:10,200 Speaker 1: weak nuclear force and electromagnetism are really just two sides 464 00:24:10,240 --> 00:24:13,080 Speaker 1: of the same coin. That's fascinating. It actually has connected 465 00:24:13,080 --> 00:24:15,760 Speaker 1: to the Higgs boson, which is also really interesting, but 466 00:24:15,800 --> 00:24:18,600 Speaker 1: we'll talk about that on another podcast. But the strong 467 00:24:18,680 --> 00:24:21,800 Speaker 1: nuclear force stands apart because first of all, it's really strong, 468 00:24:22,040 --> 00:24:26,720 Speaker 1: but also has this really weird property, unlike electromagnetism, which 469 00:24:26,800 --> 00:24:29,679 Speaker 1: can be like positive or negative. So there's two different 470 00:24:29,760 --> 00:24:34,400 Speaker 1: charges there. Um, the strong nuclear force has three different charges, right, 471 00:24:34,440 --> 00:24:36,119 Speaker 1: And I just want to add a footnote here that 472 00:24:36,280 --> 00:24:39,040 Speaker 1: I actually agree with the naming criteria you have here 473 00:24:39,080 --> 00:24:41,200 Speaker 1: and that you called it the strong nuclear force because 474 00:24:41,240 --> 00:24:45,240 Speaker 1: it's strong. Like that's a that's simplicity I can stand behind. 475 00:24:47,160 --> 00:24:49,840 Speaker 1: All Right, I'll let people know that this one has 476 00:24:49,880 --> 00:24:52,320 Speaker 1: your seal of approval, The NAMERA has approved it. Not 477 00:24:52,400 --> 00:24:55,000 Speaker 1: official yet, you're still the unofficial namer. Right, let's not 478 00:24:55,280 --> 00:24:57,960 Speaker 1: jump the gun. But yeah, I'm working on it. I'm 479 00:24:57,960 --> 00:25:00,840 Speaker 1: getting the paperwork through. Um. Yes, this wrong nuclear force 480 00:25:01,119 --> 00:25:04,119 Speaker 1: has these three different kinds of charges, and you might 481 00:25:04,119 --> 00:25:07,160 Speaker 1: be thinking three that's weird, like this positive and negative? 482 00:25:07,160 --> 00:25:09,640 Speaker 1: What else could there be? Not zero? Right? But there's 483 00:25:09,680 --> 00:25:14,160 Speaker 1: three different non zero charges, and so instead of having 484 00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:16,960 Speaker 1: just sort of one axis with positive and negative, you 485 00:25:17,040 --> 00:25:19,400 Speaker 1: have to have sort of a weirder image in your 486 00:25:19,440 --> 00:25:22,760 Speaker 1: mind because there's three different directions you can go from 487 00:25:22,880 --> 00:25:25,240 Speaker 1: zero instead of two. And by charges you mean like 488 00:25:26,080 --> 00:25:28,879 Speaker 1: you know, if it's if it's the electromagnetic force, you know, 489 00:25:28,920 --> 00:25:31,040 Speaker 1: if I'm minus in your minus, we're going to repel 490 00:25:31,040 --> 00:25:33,040 Speaker 1: each other. Right, So it's kind of like what the 491 00:25:33,160 --> 00:25:37,080 Speaker 1: terms would never happened? Man, that would never happen? Which 492 00:25:37,119 --> 00:25:40,119 Speaker 1: part that you were both negative when we're repelling each other, 493 00:25:40,600 --> 00:25:45,000 Speaker 1: because I'm pretty sure we're pretty negative. Suppose well, as 494 00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:46,639 Speaker 1: long as one of us is positive, it will all 495 00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:50,040 Speaker 1: work out. Um, But yes, exactly, two negatives repel each 496 00:25:50,040 --> 00:25:52,639 Speaker 1: other and too positives repel each other. But if so, 497 00:25:52,680 --> 00:25:54,800 Speaker 1: it's it's kind of like a label, you know, like 498 00:25:55,680 --> 00:25:58,439 Speaker 1: it determines what this force is going to do to 499 00:25:58,520 --> 00:26:00,840 Speaker 1: the two of us. Yes, exactly, it's just like a 500 00:26:00,920 --> 00:26:05,120 Speaker 1: label and an electromagnetism. There's two possible labels, positive or negative, 501 00:26:05,520 --> 00:26:08,399 Speaker 1: and as you said, um, the same labels repel and 502 00:26:08,440 --> 00:26:12,880 Speaker 1: opposite labels attract, but in Quinn, in the strong nuclear force, 503 00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:15,600 Speaker 1: there are three different labels, and the math is kind 504 00:26:15,600 --> 00:26:19,800 Speaker 1: of weird. Like if you have um particles that have 505 00:26:19,920 --> 00:26:23,280 Speaker 1: all three labels and you bring them together, they cancel out, 506 00:26:23,680 --> 00:26:26,480 Speaker 1: just like if you have an electromagnetism, you have a 507 00:26:26,480 --> 00:26:29,000 Speaker 1: positive and negative, you bring them together, they cancel out 508 00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:32,240 Speaker 1: to zero. In in the strong nuclear force, you need 509 00:26:32,280 --> 00:26:35,040 Speaker 1: one of each of these three different charges to bring 510 00:26:35,080 --> 00:26:38,440 Speaker 1: them together to get zero. So quarks. When it comes 511 00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:41,080 Speaker 1: to the strong nuclear force, then you can be one 512 00:26:41,119 --> 00:26:45,000 Speaker 1: of three things. And these three things are called color. 513 00:26:45,240 --> 00:26:47,920 Speaker 1: That's right, we call them color. We call them red, green, 514 00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:52,040 Speaker 1: and blue. And the idea is that that not having 515 00:26:52,040 --> 00:26:55,520 Speaker 1: a color is called white, right, or colorless. The idea 516 00:26:55,560 --> 00:26:57,959 Speaker 1: is that if you add red, green, and blue together, 517 00:26:58,280 --> 00:27:00,720 Speaker 1: you get white. And so it's try to describe the 518 00:27:00,760 --> 00:27:04,040 Speaker 1: mathematics of that, right, this weird business where you need 519 00:27:04,119 --> 00:27:06,760 Speaker 1: one of each of the three things together to cancel 520 00:27:06,840 --> 00:27:08,800 Speaker 1: it all out to get back to zero. The other 521 00:27:08,840 --> 00:27:11,480 Speaker 1: thing that's like that in our world is color. But wait, 522 00:27:11,520 --> 00:27:13,960 Speaker 1: let's like a step back and maybe let me understand 523 00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:15,840 Speaker 1: this a little bit. So if I'm, for example, if 524 00:27:15,880 --> 00:27:19,080 Speaker 1: I'm one kind of strong charge. Like if I'm red 525 00:27:19,760 --> 00:27:22,159 Speaker 1: and you're blue, what does that mean between the two 526 00:27:22,160 --> 00:27:23,520 Speaker 1: of us, are were going to repel each other or 527 00:27:23,560 --> 00:27:26,280 Speaker 1: attract each other? We're definitely gonna attract each other. Okay, 528 00:27:26,440 --> 00:27:28,600 Speaker 1: what if I'm like blue and you're green, then we'll 529 00:27:28,640 --> 00:27:30,879 Speaker 1: attract each other? Like what are the rules there between 530 00:27:30,920 --> 00:27:33,320 Speaker 1: the three? Right? And I see where you're going that 531 00:27:33,359 --> 00:27:36,240 Speaker 1: you want to make this comparison with electrons and protons 532 00:27:36,320 --> 00:27:38,960 Speaker 1: and understand this, Like in terms of attraction and repulsion, 533 00:27:39,400 --> 00:27:41,720 Speaker 1: that makes sense. But the strong force is just a 534 00:27:41,760 --> 00:27:45,280 Speaker 1: different kind of beast. It's so powerful that anytime two 535 00:27:45,359 --> 00:27:48,480 Speaker 1: corks get near each other, any two colored objects, the 536 00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:51,760 Speaker 1: energy between them generates more quarks and gluons and other 537 00:27:51,800 --> 00:27:55,480 Speaker 1: colored stuff until they can combine to get something color neutral. 538 00:27:56,119 --> 00:27:59,800 Speaker 1: And it's different from electromagnetism in another important way. See 539 00:27:59,840 --> 00:28:03,520 Speaker 1: the particle that carries the electromagnetic force, the photon. It's neutral, right, 540 00:28:03,520 --> 00:28:06,840 Speaker 1: It doesn't carry a charge itself, So the electron it 541 00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:09,720 Speaker 1: can emit a photon and still be negatively charged. It 542 00:28:09,760 --> 00:28:12,240 Speaker 1: doesn't change the charge of the electron to emit that 543 00:28:12,280 --> 00:28:16,119 Speaker 1: photon because the photon is neutral. But the particle that 544 00:28:16,200 --> 00:28:19,399 Speaker 1: carries a strong force, the gluon. It's not neutral. It 545 00:28:19,520 --> 00:28:22,439 Speaker 1: carries two different colors. So what does that mean. It 546 00:28:22,440 --> 00:28:24,760 Speaker 1: means that if a red cork emits a gluon, it 547 00:28:24,960 --> 00:28:28,280 Speaker 1: changes the color of the cork. So it's like if 548 00:28:28,320 --> 00:28:31,200 Speaker 1: an electron emits a photon and then becomes an anti 549 00:28:31,240 --> 00:28:34,520 Speaker 1: electron or something else with a different charge anyway, So 550 00:28:34,600 --> 00:28:37,080 Speaker 1: for for the color force, it's not as simple as 551 00:28:37,080 --> 00:28:40,240 Speaker 1: saying two red corks can attract or repel. What happens 552 00:28:40,280 --> 00:28:43,480 Speaker 1: is that is that they interact like crazy, changing colors 553 00:28:43,520 --> 00:28:46,800 Speaker 1: and shooting gluons everywhere until there's the right combination like 554 00:28:46,880 --> 00:28:50,240 Speaker 1: red plus green plus blue to become color neutral or white. 555 00:28:50,400 --> 00:28:52,520 Speaker 1: That's the only way the strong force is happy, the 556 00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:54,400 Speaker 1: only way you can chill out. But you're saying something 557 00:28:54,440 --> 00:28:57,760 Speaker 1: weird happens when you when there's a you know, there's 558 00:28:57,800 --> 00:29:01,280 Speaker 1: three of us, and I think this is a safer 559 00:29:01,400 --> 00:29:05,240 Speaker 1: work podcast here, So let's get into what happens the 560 00:29:05,400 --> 00:29:09,440 Speaker 1: analogies for three. We're not advocating any of these arrangements 561 00:29:09,480 --> 00:29:12,479 Speaker 1: in your personal life, right, what are you doing there? 562 00:29:12,600 --> 00:29:14,680 Speaker 1: Or hey, you're using an analogy to get people to 563 00:29:14,720 --> 00:29:18,800 Speaker 1: understand it. Right, you're like making trying to avoid this 564 00:29:18,880 --> 00:29:21,880 Speaker 1: is children listen to this podcast. You're trying to avoid 565 00:29:21,920 --> 00:29:28,520 Speaker 1: a very obvious and useful analogy. So let's say there's 566 00:29:28,560 --> 00:29:31,640 Speaker 1: three kids who want to play together, and they're all 567 00:29:31,720 --> 00:29:35,120 Speaker 1: different charges. You're saying something weird happens, like all the 568 00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:37,000 Speaker 1: kids will want to attract each other because they're all 569 00:29:37,040 --> 00:29:41,920 Speaker 1: different and together together, they have no charge, just like 570 00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:44,360 Speaker 1: if a proton and electron attract each other and they 571 00:29:44,400 --> 00:29:46,640 Speaker 1: form a bound state, then from the outside they have 572 00:29:46,720 --> 00:29:50,320 Speaker 1: no charge, Like that's hydrogen. Hydrogen has no net electric charge. 573 00:29:50,600 --> 00:29:53,360 Speaker 1: If you bring together a red cork, a blue cork, 574 00:29:53,400 --> 00:29:56,160 Speaker 1: and a green cork, that together they have no charge, 575 00:29:56,280 --> 00:29:58,280 Speaker 1: no color charge. And that's what a proton and a 576 00:29:58,320 --> 00:30:02,080 Speaker 1: neutron are. Their color lists, but they have colored things 577 00:30:02,120 --> 00:30:04,880 Speaker 1: inside them. But those things cancel out, so a pleasant 578 00:30:04,880 --> 00:30:06,840 Speaker 1: a minded you saying cancels out to like if I 579 00:30:06,880 --> 00:30:10,840 Speaker 1: get a proton and an electron together, they they add 580 00:30:10,880 --> 00:30:14,360 Speaker 1: up to zero. Basically they become nobody wants to be 581 00:30:14,400 --> 00:30:19,320 Speaker 1: attracted or repelled by the Exactly, they're like a married couple. 582 00:30:19,320 --> 00:30:22,120 Speaker 1: They're invisible in the dating scene. And in the same 583 00:30:22,120 --> 00:30:25,080 Speaker 1: way if for color, if you bring together one of 584 00:30:25,200 --> 00:30:27,880 Speaker 1: each of the charges, except now there's three red, green, 585 00:30:27,920 --> 00:30:32,200 Speaker 1: and blue. Then you get something which has no colored charge. Right, 586 00:30:32,240 --> 00:30:34,880 Speaker 1: it's colorless. It doesn't. It's neutral from the point of 587 00:30:34,960 --> 00:30:37,600 Speaker 1: view of the strong nuclear force. Okay, but what if 588 00:30:37,600 --> 00:30:39,320 Speaker 1: I just get a red and a blue together. What 589 00:30:39,360 --> 00:30:42,200 Speaker 1: happens then? Then it still has a charge which charge 590 00:30:42,320 --> 00:30:44,760 Speaker 1: red and blue. Yeah, it's a combination of red and blue, 591 00:30:44,800 --> 00:30:46,920 Speaker 1: and it will will be a glue on Those things 592 00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:49,720 Speaker 1: will emit a gluon, and gluons carry two different colors. 593 00:30:50,040 --> 00:30:53,680 Speaker 1: The map gets pretty hairy, but they will attract a 594 00:30:53,720 --> 00:30:56,440 Speaker 1: green cork, and if they can successfully attract a green cork, 595 00:30:56,680 --> 00:31:00,760 Speaker 1: then it will be neutral. So they like being in threes. Yes, 596 00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:04,000 Speaker 1: because the strong nuclear force is so powerful that nature 597 00:31:04,080 --> 00:31:08,520 Speaker 1: tries to make everything have no net color because things, 598 00:31:08,600 --> 00:31:11,680 Speaker 1: because it's so powerful than anything that has color automatically 599 00:31:11,680 --> 00:31:14,400 Speaker 1: just like creates particles out of the vacuum to balance 600 00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:17,240 Speaker 1: that color out. Because there's so much energy in the 601 00:31:17,280 --> 00:31:20,000 Speaker 1: strong nuclear force. And that's why we can't see quirks 602 00:31:20,080 --> 00:31:22,280 Speaker 1: on their own, because they have a cork color and 603 00:31:22,320 --> 00:31:24,880 Speaker 1: there's so much energy in that color, in that that 604 00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:28,800 Speaker 1: colored field that it pulls um new corks out of 605 00:31:28,800 --> 00:31:31,560 Speaker 1: the vacuum to balance it out. So that's what happens. 606 00:31:31,560 --> 00:31:33,800 Speaker 1: If I get a red and a blue together, like 607 00:31:33,840 --> 00:31:39,440 Speaker 1: a green will magically appear, not magically scientifically, poetically, a 608 00:31:39,560 --> 00:31:43,840 Speaker 1: green will disappear. Yeah, the energy of their interaction will 609 00:31:43,880 --> 00:31:46,920 Speaker 1: get converted into the mass of another cork, and then 610 00:31:46,920 --> 00:31:48,880 Speaker 1: it will be complete. And then it will be complete. Yeah, 611 00:31:48,880 --> 00:31:51,400 Speaker 1: and then it'll stop generating new particles out of the 612 00:31:51,440 --> 00:31:55,680 Speaker 1: vacuum because that it will be colorless. But there's another way. 613 00:31:56,320 --> 00:31:58,520 Speaker 1: There's another way you can be colorless. Like if you're 614 00:31:58,560 --> 00:32:01,320 Speaker 1: a red cork, then if you meet up with an 615 00:32:01,360 --> 00:32:04,600 Speaker 1: anti red cork, Like you know, corks have anti particles, 616 00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:08,680 Speaker 1: right quarks and antiquarks, well, antiquarks have anti color. So 617 00:32:08,840 --> 00:32:12,160 Speaker 1: red and anti red together make white, and then what 618 00:32:12,240 --> 00:32:15,680 Speaker 1: happens to them They disappear or what you know? They 619 00:32:15,680 --> 00:32:17,600 Speaker 1: can form bound states. And we have particles that have 620 00:32:17,720 --> 00:32:20,680 Speaker 1: just two corks in them. They're called like pions. Pions 621 00:32:20,680 --> 00:32:23,520 Speaker 1: are examples of like an up cork and an anti 622 00:32:23,600 --> 00:32:26,880 Speaker 1: up cork bound together. That only works if that cork 623 00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:28,920 Speaker 1: is like green and the other one is anti green 624 00:32:29,120 --> 00:32:31,720 Speaker 1: or blue and anti blue or red and anti red. 625 00:32:31,840 --> 00:32:34,400 Speaker 1: I thought antimatter when you touch it would matter if 626 00:32:34,440 --> 00:32:37,400 Speaker 1: they annihilate and explode. It can yeah, but it can 627 00:32:37,440 --> 00:32:40,000 Speaker 1: also form bound states. This book we read is totally wrong. 628 00:32:40,080 --> 00:32:45,520 Speaker 1: Daniel turns out there's a whole field behind that, right, 629 00:32:45,720 --> 00:32:48,600 Speaker 1: just scratch the surface um in the same way that 630 00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:51,560 Speaker 1: you know, like positive negative charges can annihilate, but they 631 00:32:51,560 --> 00:32:54,440 Speaker 1: can also form bound states like hydrogen right, just the 632 00:32:54,480 --> 00:32:56,960 Speaker 1: same way. Like two things that feel gravity, like the 633 00:32:57,000 --> 00:32:59,320 Speaker 1: Earth and the Moon feel gravity towards each other, but 634 00:32:59,360 --> 00:33:02,800 Speaker 1: they don't necessarily automatically crash because there's so much energy 635 00:33:02,840 --> 00:33:06,840 Speaker 1: in the Moon's orbit that it's stable. Right, So even 636 00:33:06,880 --> 00:33:08,640 Speaker 1: even though there are there are forces between them that 637 00:33:08,760 --> 00:33:10,640 Speaker 1: want to pull the Earth and the Moon together, the 638 00:33:10,640 --> 00:33:12,680 Speaker 1: Moon is in a stable orbit. In the same way 639 00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:15,360 Speaker 1: electrons can be in a stable orbit around a proton 640 00:33:15,680 --> 00:33:18,120 Speaker 1: even though there's a force pulling them together. And up 641 00:33:18,160 --> 00:33:21,640 Speaker 1: corks and anti upcorks can form stable particles together. Well, 642 00:33:21,680 --> 00:33:23,480 Speaker 1: I think the point is that you're that you're trying 643 00:33:23,480 --> 00:33:27,560 Speaker 1: to make is that because when you have three cores 644 00:33:27,600 --> 00:33:29,720 Speaker 1: of the different flavors and you bring them together, they 645 00:33:29,720 --> 00:33:32,200 Speaker 1: sort of cancel each other out. That's sort of like 646 00:33:32,520 --> 00:33:35,320 Speaker 1: different colors. You're saying, that's sort of like when you 647 00:33:35,400 --> 00:33:38,320 Speaker 1: get color, like real like a like a red light 648 00:33:38,360 --> 00:33:40,200 Speaker 1: and a blue light and a green light, you're going 649 00:33:40,200 --> 00:33:43,000 Speaker 1: to see that as a white light exactly exactly it's 650 00:33:43,040 --> 00:33:45,440 Speaker 1: it should work the same. I mean, I'm not an 651 00:33:45,480 --> 00:33:48,680 Speaker 1: expert on color. I defer to you as the artist. Um, 652 00:33:48,720 --> 00:33:51,400 Speaker 1: but that's the idea that the math of cork color, 653 00:33:51,600 --> 00:33:53,840 Speaker 1: the way they add up, is very similar to the 654 00:33:53,880 --> 00:33:56,680 Speaker 1: math of these real color, the colors of light. And 655 00:33:56,760 --> 00:33:59,200 Speaker 1: so that's why they named it color. Not because these 656 00:33:59,240 --> 00:34:02,400 Speaker 1: corks actually look like anything. Red corks are not redder 657 00:34:02,480 --> 00:34:05,600 Speaker 1: than than green corks, but that the math of how 658 00:34:05,640 --> 00:34:08,400 Speaker 1: color works when you put them together is very similar 659 00:34:08,440 --> 00:34:11,080 Speaker 1: to the math of or how we think about how 660 00:34:11,160 --> 00:34:13,879 Speaker 1: light adds up the color of light. Okay, so that 661 00:34:13,920 --> 00:34:18,959 Speaker 1: does seem um more appropriately poetic maybe is the word 662 00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:22,120 Speaker 1: for it, but I mean it is still it is 663 00:34:22,160 --> 00:34:25,920 Speaker 1: still I would say a little suspicious to name a 664 00:34:25,920 --> 00:34:31,080 Speaker 1: phenomenon in physics using an analogy from another phenomenon in physics, 665 00:34:31,840 --> 00:34:36,040 Speaker 1: which is how light of different frequencies mixed together and 666 00:34:36,080 --> 00:34:39,120 Speaker 1: get processed by our eyeballs. You know what I mean, 667 00:34:39,360 --> 00:34:41,319 Speaker 1: I know what you mean. Yeah, absolutely, But I think 668 00:34:41,360 --> 00:34:43,520 Speaker 1: this one there was some poetry there I really do 669 00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:45,640 Speaker 1: appreciate because when I was learning about this for the 670 00:34:45,680 --> 00:34:48,480 Speaker 1: first time as a graduate student, the analogy of color 671 00:34:48,560 --> 00:34:50,440 Speaker 1: really did help me understand it. I thought, oh, it 672 00:34:50,520 --> 00:34:53,719 Speaker 1: really is light color. That's pretty cool, and so it 673 00:34:53,800 --> 00:34:55,719 Speaker 1: helped me understand it. And then I went further and 674 00:34:55,719 --> 00:34:58,240 Speaker 1: I thought, well, maybe there is a deeper connection, because 675 00:34:58,280 --> 00:35:02,440 Speaker 1: sometimes when being are similar in the mathematical structure mimics 676 00:35:02,480 --> 00:35:05,319 Speaker 1: each other, then there really is a deeper connection. Like 677 00:35:05,400 --> 00:35:09,040 Speaker 1: with spin, right, we talked about how intrinsic spin is 678 00:35:09,120 --> 00:35:12,600 Speaker 1: really another kind of orbital angular momentum um. There really 679 00:35:12,640 --> 00:35:14,759 Speaker 1: is a connection there, But in this case, I don't 680 00:35:14,760 --> 00:35:17,719 Speaker 1: think there is. I don't think there's really anything any 681 00:35:17,719 --> 00:35:22,320 Speaker 1: connection between quirk color and photon frequency that makes any sense. 682 00:35:22,320 --> 00:35:25,840 Speaker 1: It's just a helpful guide for building the construct in 683 00:35:25,840 --> 00:35:28,680 Speaker 1: your mind, because I think that the combination of red, green, 684 00:35:28,719 --> 00:35:30,640 Speaker 1: and blue to make white is really just a human 685 00:35:30,680 --> 00:35:34,080 Speaker 1: perception thing, right, Like, like if you actually take a 686 00:35:34,080 --> 00:35:36,200 Speaker 1: photon that's red and a photon that's green and a 687 00:35:36,200 --> 00:35:39,480 Speaker 1: photon that's blue, they're not gonna suddenly become another photon 688 00:35:39,520 --> 00:35:43,520 Speaker 1: that's white. Color because there is no white frequency. That's right. Yeah, 689 00:35:43,640 --> 00:35:45,520 Speaker 1: it's uh, it's a product of like of how your 690 00:35:45,520 --> 00:35:48,280 Speaker 1: eyes sees color, right, all right, So then that means 691 00:35:48,360 --> 00:35:51,120 Speaker 1: quarks do sort of have a color. They don't really 692 00:35:51,120 --> 00:35:53,520 Speaker 1: have a flavor flavor, but they do sort of have 693 00:35:53,680 --> 00:35:56,600 Speaker 1: some something that is sort of like color. Yeah, exactly. 694 00:35:56,880 --> 00:35:59,799 Speaker 1: And it's so weird and so odd that it really 695 00:35:59,880 --> 00:36:02,759 Speaker 1: is helpful to draw on something familiar, to say, this 696 00:36:03,000 --> 00:36:06,320 Speaker 1: new property of of particles we've never seen before is 697 00:36:07,000 --> 00:36:10,160 Speaker 1: weird and bizarre and strange, but we have something familiar, 698 00:36:10,600 --> 00:36:12,880 Speaker 1: um that you can use to base your understanding on. 699 00:36:13,000 --> 00:36:19,120 Speaker 1: And I think that's pretty helpful. So those are quarks 700 00:36:19,360 --> 00:36:21,640 Speaker 1: and flavors. Now here's a question though, Can you have 701 00:36:21,680 --> 00:36:26,120 Speaker 1: a red raspberry? Like technically you could have a like 702 00:36:26,160 --> 00:36:29,040 Speaker 1: a red cork. Can be different flavors, Yes, that's true. 703 00:36:29,120 --> 00:36:32,120 Speaker 1: You can have red top corks or red upcorks or 704 00:36:32,200 --> 00:36:36,120 Speaker 1: red charmp corks. For sure. You can have red raspberry 705 00:36:36,200 --> 00:36:39,839 Speaker 1: or red blueberry. I mean I were totally mixing enough 706 00:36:39,840 --> 00:36:43,600 Speaker 1: a red strawberry, I don't know a red blueberry cord. Well, 707 00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:46,080 Speaker 1: they have blue raspberry, right, That's a thing I never 708 00:36:46,160 --> 00:36:49,279 Speaker 1: understood that I mean, there are red blackberries and black 709 00:36:49,360 --> 00:36:52,560 Speaker 1: raspberries and black and red blackberries, and I don't know. 710 00:36:52,960 --> 00:36:54,799 Speaker 1: I mean we should get on the biologists because they 711 00:36:54,800 --> 00:36:57,239 Speaker 1: can name those berries pretty confusingly. Also, well, I think 712 00:36:57,239 --> 00:37:00,640 Speaker 1: the the overall conclusion is that scientists maybe should have 713 00:37:00,680 --> 00:37:05,200 Speaker 1: been charged with namean things not without adult supervision at least. Right. Well, 714 00:37:05,239 --> 00:37:07,560 Speaker 1: I hope that there's that question for the people who 715 00:37:07,600 --> 00:37:11,359 Speaker 1: wrote in with that UM asking for that explanation. Yeah. 716 00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:13,600 Speaker 1: I think people were reading about corks and seeing this 717 00:37:13,680 --> 00:37:15,799 Speaker 1: thing with flower flavors and colors and wondering what does 718 00:37:15,800 --> 00:37:18,680 Speaker 1: that really mean? And I think on the whole it's 719 00:37:18,719 --> 00:37:21,440 Speaker 1: confusing if you don't understand the technical aspect of it, 720 00:37:21,480 --> 00:37:24,560 Speaker 1: because it makes people think of the familiar flavor and 721 00:37:24,600 --> 00:37:27,319 Speaker 1: color that that they have in their mind already. But 722 00:37:27,480 --> 00:37:29,080 Speaker 1: once you dig into a little bit, you start to 723 00:37:29,120 --> 00:37:31,600 Speaker 1: appreciate UM. If you if you think of it as 724 00:37:31,840 --> 00:37:34,120 Speaker 1: just sort of a placeholder or a guide for how 725 00:37:34,120 --> 00:37:36,840 Speaker 1: to think about this, you can appreciate what the physicists 726 00:37:36,880 --> 00:37:39,120 Speaker 1: we're trying to do. But on the whole, I think 727 00:37:39,160 --> 00:37:43,120 Speaker 1: these physics words borrowed from other concepts are more confusing 728 00:37:43,120 --> 00:37:45,560 Speaker 1: than they are helpful for the for the beginning student 729 00:37:45,680 --> 00:37:48,080 Speaker 1: or the person just reading about a topic. So that's 730 00:37:48,120 --> 00:37:51,319 Speaker 1: the lesson. If physics confuses you, take a class um. 731 00:37:52,200 --> 00:37:54,680 Speaker 1: Maybe pop won't confuse you as much. All right, everyone, 732 00:37:54,719 --> 00:37:56,960 Speaker 1: And if you have a question about particles or the 733 00:37:57,120 --> 00:37:59,759 Speaker 1: universe or something else really weird and strange and you'd 734 00:37:59,800 --> 00:38:01,759 Speaker 1: like us to explain it to you and show you 735 00:38:01,800 --> 00:38:05,560 Speaker 1: how maybe physicists are not totally insane and crazy, write 736 00:38:05,640 --> 00:38:08,640 Speaker 1: us and ask us to explain your question to feedback 737 00:38:08,680 --> 00:38:11,560 Speaker 1: at Daniel and Jorge dot com and promise we'll answer 738 00:38:11,600 --> 00:38:15,279 Speaker 1: with charm and strange. Some days our conversation goes up 739 00:38:15,320 --> 00:38:17,839 Speaker 1: and sometimes it goes down. All right, Thanks for tuning in, 740 00:38:17,960 --> 00:38:27,920 Speaker 1: See you next time. Before you still have a question 741 00:38:27,920 --> 00:38:31,359 Speaker 1: after listening to all these explanations, please drop us a line. 742 00:38:31,400 --> 00:38:33,560 Speaker 1: We'd love to hear from you. You can find us 743 00:38:33,560 --> 00:38:37,359 Speaker 1: on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at Daniel and Jorge that's 744 00:38:37,400 --> 00:38:40,759 Speaker 1: one word, or email us at Feedback at Daniel and 745 00:38:40,880 --> 00:38:44,320 Speaker 1: Jorge dot com. Thanks for listening, and remember that Daniel 746 00:38:44,360 --> 00:38:46,880 Speaker 1: and Jorge Explain the Universe is a production of I 747 00:38:47,120 --> 00:38:50,560 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. For more podcast from my Heart Radio, visit 748 00:38:50,560 --> 00:38:54,080 Speaker 1: the I Heart Radio Apple Apple Podcasts or wherever you 749 00:38:54,160 --> 00:39:03,320 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows. Nine