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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to stuff mom never told you?

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Speaker 1: From House top works dot com. Hey and welcomes podcast.

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Speaker 1: This is smalling and I'm Kristen Kristen. A few weeks ago,

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Speaker 1: we did a podcast called Our Circumcision Is Really Necessary.

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Speaker 1: We talked about male circumcision and promised our listeners that

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Speaker 1: we would eventually do a subject on female circumcision. Yes,

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Speaker 1: it's it was. You know, It's not the top of

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Speaker 1: my list of subjects I'm eager to dive into every

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Speaker 1: week because it seems very um sad. I guess that's

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Speaker 1: fair to put, fair to put, and well, it's also

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Speaker 1: a little easier for us as women to relate to

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Speaker 1: the concept of female circumcision than getting our foreskin snipped. Um,

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Speaker 1: so let's die right into it. But that what it

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Speaker 1: actually is, and I think we should say we were

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Speaker 1: when we were trying to decide what to call this podcast,

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Speaker 1: we didn't know whether or not to use the term

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Speaker 1: female circumcision because not everyone refers to it. Is that

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Speaker 1: according to the World Health Organization, the u n UM

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Speaker 1: and a lot of other sources It's referred to widely

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Speaker 1: as female genital mutilation, but even that term is um

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Speaker 1: contentious because some people compare it to abortion language. For instance,

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Speaker 1: like how you have people who are anti abortion or

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Speaker 1: pro life, you know what I mean, kind of attaching

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Speaker 1: such a negative connotation to it. It would be like

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Speaker 1: if you went up to a woman who's going to

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Speaker 1: get an abortion and say, oh, you're here to murder

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Speaker 1: your innocent baby. Whereas if you're trying to approach an

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Speaker 1: African woman and say, you know this, this thing that

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Speaker 1: you've done historically for centuries is mutilation. This initiation, right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they don't necessarily suis mutilation, so they try some people

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Speaker 1: try to use terms that make it more neutral, yeah,

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Speaker 1: like female genital cutting, female circumcision. And usually if you

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Speaker 1: see the term female general mutilation, it's used by someone

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Speaker 1: who wants to outlaw the practice, which was sort of

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Speaker 1: the approach I came with it too. I mean, seems

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Speaker 1: kind of ridiculous to me as a woman to subject

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Speaker 1: yourself to having parts of your genitals cut off for

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Speaker 1: no medical reason. You know, when we talked about male circumcision,

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Speaker 1: there were some valid health reasons why you would do

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Speaker 1: that too. For cleanliness, to avoid promosis, so on and

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Speaker 1: so forth. But um, the question is is there a

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Speaker 1: medical reason to do this? Yeah, and it does seem

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Speaker 1: like female circumcision would be a much more painful process.

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Speaker 1: And this is just me, just my mind. Maybe maybe

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Speaker 1: I'm wrong. You know, I don't know what Getting your

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Speaker 1: foreskin cut off feels like it's impossible. Um, but it

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Speaker 1: seems like removing someone's clitterists would be a lot more

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Speaker 1: painful than having a piece of skin removed. Now. I

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Speaker 1: know that there are a lot of nerve endings in

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Speaker 1: foreskin as well, but the clarterist is a bundle of

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Speaker 1: nerves that runs like, I think, something like two centimeters

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Speaker 1: under your skin. And then they might also remove parts

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Speaker 1: of your labia as well, and there's big problems with

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Speaker 1: scar tissue, whereas it seems like with foreskin it's a

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Speaker 1: much easier healing process. But I guess I'm getting ahead

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Speaker 1: of myself. Okay, you're getting a little bit ahead of yourself.

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Speaker 1: Because there are four types of female genital cutting that

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Speaker 1: we found. So let's just let's back up and do basics.

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Speaker 1: Because what we found when we started researching this is

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Speaker 1: we do have a very sort of Western approach to

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Speaker 1: this topic, and it's worth just trying to forget your

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Speaker 1: personal viewpoints and just look at it as something that happens.

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Speaker 1: Not that I endorse it, but we're just gonna look

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Speaker 1: at it as something that happens. Yeah, well, first listen,

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Speaker 1: maybe Molly, we should say where this happens. Okay, okay, So, uh,

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Speaker 1: it happens mostly in African countries. UM worldwide, female genital

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Speaker 1: cutting effects up to a hundred and forty million women,

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Speaker 1: and that's usually about three million women and girls every year,

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Speaker 1: according to estimates from the World Health Organization, although those

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Speaker 1: statistics can be kind of hard to uh quantify, and

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Speaker 1: this is one of the one of the things the

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Speaker 1: World Health Organization has been trying to tackle actually finding

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Speaker 1: out how um these cultures go about actually doing the

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Speaker 1: circumcision and how many women are subjected to it, right,

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Speaker 1: And it's getting harder to do that because of this.

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Speaker 1: You know, if you see, you know, white person with

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Speaker 1: the clipboard come in and say are you practicing this? Now,

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Speaker 1: these women know enough to maybe not admit it because

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Speaker 1: they know the rest of the world frowns on it, right,

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Speaker 1: And a lot of African countries have UM past laws

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Speaker 1: outlawing female circumcision, but that doesn't mean that people are

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Speaker 1: not still doing it because this is an initiation right

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Speaker 1: that has been practiced for centuries. Right. So, now, what

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Speaker 1: we learned from the World Health Organization is that the

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Speaker 1: two big countries for this are Egypt and Ethiopia. UM.

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Speaker 1: But that about it's twenty eight countries that are over

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Speaker 1: that are affected. When they do it kind of depends

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Speaker 1: on the country and the community. Mostly it's girls under

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Speaker 1: the age of fifteen. UM. In Egypt, the girls are

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Speaker 1: between five and fourteen. In Yemen, girls may not even

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Speaker 1: be two weeks old. So it really depends on you know,

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Speaker 1: a lot of factors usually relate to these cultural you know,

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Speaker 1: standards about when they actually do the procedure. So for

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Speaker 1: an idea of how this actually happens the procedure in

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Speaker 1: the settings UM, I'm going to refer to an article

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Speaker 1: about it in the New York Times, and this took

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Speaker 1: place in Indonesia, UM. And basically there is a small

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Speaker 1: group of women who they aren't health workers or anything

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Speaker 1: like that they handle the circumcision. And in this in

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Speaker 1: this instance, it was sponsored by something called the Oslon Foundation,

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Speaker 1: which is an Islamic and educational and social services organization

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Speaker 1: that basically sponsors these kind of mass female circumcision days

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Speaker 1: for girls to come in and um have parts of

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Speaker 1: you know, they're they're clearterests and labia snipped off and

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Speaker 1: they said that. Um. Basically, the procedure takes just a

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Speaker 1: few minutes and there is little blood involved. And then afterward,

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Speaker 1: the girl's general area is swabbed with the antiseptic bedading

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Speaker 1: and she has in help back to her held back

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Speaker 1: into her underwear, returned to a waiting room where she's

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Speaker 1: given a small celebratory gift, which is usually fruit or

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Speaker 1: donated piece of clothing, and she's offered a cup of

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Speaker 1: milk for refreshment. And that's it. But then you also

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Speaker 1: read um situations where girls are like literally held down um,

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Speaker 1: sometimes against their will and and you know, subjected to

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Speaker 1: this and that there is blood. You know. I found

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Speaker 1: it interesting how many accounts say, oh, you know, it's

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Speaker 1: just like it's just like a nail clipping, that's how

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Speaker 1: much skin they take off. It's just you know, the

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Speaker 1: tip of a leaf or the tip of your fingernail,

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Speaker 1: whereas others you read some of these accounts and they

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Speaker 1: just talk about how there's just blood everywhere. So it

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Speaker 1: seems like it can be done different ways a lot

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Speaker 1: of different places, and it's it's hard to know which

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Speaker 1: to believe a little bit right, well, and that's why

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Speaker 1: I think the World Health Organization has broken down UM

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Speaker 1: female circumcision or female genital mutilation into four separate categories.

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Speaker 1: UM kind of broken down by I guess, the severity

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Speaker 1: of the procedure. So there are four types. Apparently the

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Speaker 1: most common form of this, representing about the cases is

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Speaker 1: UM taking out the clitterest and the labia manora. And

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Speaker 1: then the more extreme version UM is called infibulation, and

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Speaker 1: it accounts for cases globally, and this is removal of

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Speaker 1: all external genitalia and stitching up the vaginal opening in

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Speaker 1: some cases just leaving you know, a mastic size hole

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Speaker 1: for everything that needs to come out down there. UM.

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Speaker 1: They may cauterize or burn the clitterest and surrounding tissue,

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Speaker 1: scrape the tissue surrounding the vaginal orifice UM, and introduced

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Speaker 1: corrosive sub substances or herbs into the vaginant to cause bleeding,

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Speaker 1: and it'll UM sort of tighten it up, I guess,

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Speaker 1: so that they can sew it closed. Yeah, and UM,

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Speaker 1: once infibulation happens, that doesn't mean that, I guess once

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Speaker 1: So a girl gets married obviously, like she's going to

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Speaker 1: have sex with her husband, and he probably can't put

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Speaker 1: his penis through a magetic size hole, so it's going

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Speaker 1: to rip that open. And sometimes some women will even

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Speaker 1: have that stitched that closed again. Right. There are some

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Speaker 1: cultures where you know they they might and sew it right,

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Speaker 1: but where she gives birth and then as soon as

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Speaker 1: the baby's out, so it right back up again. Now

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Speaker 1: let's talk about cultural arguments for some arguments for why

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Speaker 1: female circumcision happens, because some people think that UM, there

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Speaker 1: are benefits for women UM. According to the New York

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Speaker 1: Times article that I referenced earlier, UM, one of their

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Speaker 1: sources says that it stabilizes a woman's libido because basically,

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Speaker 1: if her um genitals are not really functioning, I mean,

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Speaker 1: if she especially if she's one of the who had

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Speaker 1: the infibulation process happened, UM, there's no way that she's

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Speaker 1: going to be able to have sex and people not

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Speaker 1: notice it. UM. And then also it will make a

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Speaker 1: woman look more beautiful in the eyes of her husband,

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Speaker 1: probably because he will know that she is a virgin

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Speaker 1: and then three it will balance her psychology, right, And

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Speaker 1: that was actually one reason why they did them. At

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Speaker 1: some point UM in the nineteenth century and the United

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Speaker 1: Kingdom they used to do um female circumcisions. It was

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Speaker 1: weird for epilepsy and then just for libido purposes. Well

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Speaker 1: because if you were member from our male Circumcision podcast,

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Speaker 1: UM back in the Victorian era, male circumcision was thought

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Speaker 1: to be a cure for masturbation because they thought the

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Speaker 1: masturbation made you insane. Yeah, I would not have mine

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Speaker 1: to live in that area. But also some um cultures

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Speaker 1: do this because they believe that the clitterest is a

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Speaker 1: male vestigial organ, that it's basically like a mini penis,

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Speaker 1: and that by cutting it off it reinforces to a

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Speaker 1: girl that she is a woman, that it instead of

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Speaker 1: taking away a woman's essential femininity, it kind of gives

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Speaker 1: it to her because they're getting rid of what they

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Speaker 1: see is this thing that you don't need and that

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Speaker 1: makes you man like. Yeah, And there have been you know,

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Speaker 1: anecdotes from uh from the different sources that we've read,

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Speaker 1: from women who were not initially circumcised, and would the

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Speaker 1: other girls would make fun of them for looking like weirdos,

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Speaker 1: for having you know, this in their minds. Kind of

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Speaker 1: many many peace yea. And in some cultures they don't

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Speaker 1: take it. You know. I didn't go through all the

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Speaker 1: four in depth, but there is one where they just

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Speaker 1: sort of prick it and it's like a ritual drop

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Speaker 1: of lud and it's still intact. It's just you know,

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Speaker 1: it's just reasserting that you're a woman now by you know,

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Speaker 1: taking that crop of blood. Yeah. So it really wasn't though,

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Speaker 1: until I'd say the turn of the century that Westerners

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Speaker 1: realized that this was going on. And then in the

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Speaker 1: past couple of decades we have seen a lot of

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Speaker 1: effort on the part of the U N and the

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Speaker 1: w h OW to go in and stop it, because

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Speaker 1: in their eyes, this is a very dangerous brutal practice

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Speaker 1: that is happening to millions of girls every year, and

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Speaker 1: it is leading to health problems, problems with childbirth, and

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Speaker 1: they think they're also psychological problems linked to it, and

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Speaker 1: so they want to go in and they want to

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Speaker 1: stop and that's one of the main reasons why fifteen

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Speaker 1: African countries now outlaw in the first place. And so

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Speaker 1: there was this landmark study UM and the British journal

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Speaker 1: the Lancet that went in and compare the women who

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Speaker 1: had undergone the circumcision with those that hadn't, and they

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Speaker 1: found that the infants of the mothers who had had

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Speaker 1: the procedure, um, you know, it was just del a

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Speaker 1: bad hand from birth, The usually had an increased risk

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Speaker 1: of death. There were increased risk of childbirth problems. UM. Basically,

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Speaker 1: the more that had been affected, the more complications you

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Speaker 1: were likely to have. And this was sort of the

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Speaker 1: first study to say, hey, there's a health reason for

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Speaker 1: not doing this. Yeah, and this was the largest of

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Speaker 1: its kind because in addition to even even being able

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Speaker 1: to go in and quantify like how many women are

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Speaker 1: being circumcised every year, UM, it was a lot harder

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Speaker 1: to go in and actually track long term health problems.

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Speaker 1: And and like you said, I mean even just considered

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Speaker 1: the issue of someone who has an infibulated vagina where

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Speaker 1: they have, like you said, a match stick size hole

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Speaker 1: for everything to come out. Um, there are problems with

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Speaker 1: menstrual blood getting caught up in there. Basically their your

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Speaker 1: rethroll opening is covered up um, and so you have

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Speaker 1: repeated urinary tract infections that are common. Stones may form

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Speaker 1: in theory ARETHRA and the bladder because of obstruction and infection. UM.

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Speaker 1: It's it's not not a good thing. But that's the thing,

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Speaker 1: you know, when I was starting to research this, that's

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Speaker 1: what I knew of this procedure, that it it raised complications,

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Speaker 1: it was painful, um, so on and so forth. And

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Speaker 1: we hear about these organizations just want to go in

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Speaker 1: and stop it. And I think that, you know, from

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Speaker 1: a Western point of view. You know, we've heard so

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Speaker 1: much about not wanting just to please your husband to

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Speaker 1: have a surgery that just you know, makes it more

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Speaker 1: pleasurable for a man um that you know, I expected

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Speaker 1: to find a lot of things about how to stop it,

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Speaker 1: and I did want to point out something we found

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Speaker 1: UM on Tyrney Lab in New York Times a writer

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Speaker 1: named Flambie ahmadu Um. I'm probably not pronouncing that right,

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Speaker 1: but she was a native of Sierra Leone and grew

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Speaker 1: up in America, so she had the same maybe western

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Speaker 1: point of view that I did. But she went back

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Speaker 1: Gierra Leone as an adult to undergo the right and

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Speaker 1: so she wrote sort of a compelling reason for why

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Speaker 1: it happens, and she says, we're overwhelmed with these images

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Speaker 1: of how barbaric it is, and that what you know,

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Speaker 1: the press and people don't want us to know is

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Speaker 1: actually that you know, even though those problems can happen,

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Speaker 1: they can just as easily not happen. Yeah, well she is.

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Speaker 1: She is also making the point that, um, we are

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Speaker 1: not looking at we're not approaching this from a cultural standpoint.

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Speaker 1: We're just seeing, you know, something that we consider to

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Speaker 1: be primitive and brutal without taking into account that this

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Speaker 1: is an important initiation, right for a lot of women.

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Speaker 1: I mean, it's kind of like if if you think

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Speaker 1: about how widespread male circumcision is for Jewish people and

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Speaker 1: how how widespread is among among Muslims. Mean, it's a

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Speaker 1: very important ritual part of becoming a man, you know,

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Speaker 1: and and it's the same thing here. Yeah, it doesn't

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Speaker 1: seem as pretty by any stretch of the imagination. But

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Speaker 1: she's arguing that we we are being very very western,

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Speaker 1: far too western about this, and um, and not taking

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Speaker 1: into account the important history behind it, right, And so

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Speaker 1: they were suggesting that instead of going to these countries

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Speaker 1: and saying, hey, don't do this, or just have a

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Speaker 1: health practitioner do it instead. UM, a good compromise might

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Speaker 1: be UM asking for ways in which a female can

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Speaker 1: have a greater right to choose whether she wants the

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Speaker 1: procedure or not. You know, the people who tend to

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Speaker 1: get put in our newspapers are girls who are held

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Speaker 1: down against their will and had the had the operation.

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Speaker 1: Whereas you know, if if a girl really wants to

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Speaker 1: do this to become a woman, that should be her choice.

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Speaker 1: And of course it's sminty. We're all about a woman's

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Speaker 1: choice and that's something you know. They're there are people

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Speaker 1: and who argue the same thing for male circumcision as well.

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Speaker 1: I say, wait, if you if you have a baby,

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Speaker 1: just let him grow up and decide whether or not

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Speaker 1: he wants his foreskin. And she's kind of saying the

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Speaker 1: same thing. And of course the most interesting part of

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Speaker 1: that Tyranney Lab blog Molly was reading the comments because

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Speaker 1: people could not get their heads around this idea that

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Speaker 1: female circumcision might be an okay thing. They're just we're

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Speaker 1: just too uncomfortable with it, right. I you know, sometimes

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Speaker 1: I'm listening to what I've been saying in this podcast,

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Speaker 1: I'm like, I can't believe I'm saying this. Of course

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Speaker 1: you shouldn't, you know, cut off a woman's genitalia. But

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Speaker 1: I do think that her essay was sort of eye opening,

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Speaker 1: and you know, we were reading our nicles and what

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Speaker 1: she said is true that people who are profiled in

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Speaker 1: these stories have horror stories well, and and I do

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Speaker 1: think to what we we need to point out one

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Speaker 1: thing that she highlighted UM. She referenced that the World

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Speaker 1: Health Organization study that was published in the Lancet which

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Speaker 1: really got it, really put genital female genital mutilation UM

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Speaker 1: into the headlines and got people really thinking about it.

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Speaker 1: And she points out that in the w h O

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Speaker 1: City not a single statistically significant difference was found between

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Speaker 1: those who had type one genital surgery UM versus no surgery.

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Speaker 1: And so she's basically saying that, yes, there might have

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Speaker 1: been these differences in infant weight and uh prenatal prenatal

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Speaker 1: death rate for UM for women who had UM children

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Speaker 1: after they were circumcised, but that the result the gap

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Speaker 1: wasn't that big. It was basically writing home about yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: that we were basically slanting the statistics to write the

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Speaker 1: story that we want to hear, which is, this is

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Speaker 1: a brutal practice. We need to go in and stop

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Speaker 1: it and save these poor African women. Which yeah, I mean,

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Speaker 1: having that attitude at anything usually gets you in trouble,

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Speaker 1: right and Molly. Right after I read that essay, I

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Speaker 1: clicked over to a Newsweek article profiling a woman who

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Speaker 1: lived and grew up in Molly. And she was circumcised,

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Speaker 1: and now she's in living in the US, and she

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Speaker 1: had reconstructive surgery for her her clitterists in her labia

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Speaker 1: because she had the infibilation process done. And the article

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Speaker 1: even mentions that while they were doing the process, they

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Speaker 1: had to take out that um, the ash or whatever

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Speaker 1: kind of dark substance they put into the vagina too

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Speaker 1: to make it bleed. That stuff was still in there

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Speaker 1: um when they did the reconstructive surgery. And and I

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Speaker 1: and I understood what the what that cultural anthropologist was saying,

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Speaker 1: because the Newsweek article was so like, oh, let's rescue this. Know,

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Speaker 1: this poor poor African woman from her from her applied

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Speaker 1: to this, this brutal practice. She comes over here and

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Speaker 1: finds this very kind American gynecologists who does this surgery

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Speaker 1: for free, and um, you know it, I got, I

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Speaker 1: got what she was saying. Yeah, and you know the reason.

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Speaker 1: The main reason that that woman in the newsweek article

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Speaker 1: wanted to do this was to have romance with her husband.

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Speaker 1: She'd had two children but just did not find sex satisfying. Um.

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Speaker 1: But to go back again to the tyranny lab, the

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Speaker 1: woman writes that what Westerners don't want to consider is

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Speaker 1: that there are people who have the surgery and have

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Speaker 1: sexually fulfilling lives. There are some who have orgasms, and

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Speaker 1: there are some that don't. But the same could be

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Speaker 1: said of people who are fully intach down there. Sometimes

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Speaker 1: you have an orgasm, sometimes you don't write and I'm

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Speaker 1: not I don't think that anyone listening to this should

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Speaker 1: misinterpret what we're saying as me and Molly advocating female

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Speaker 1: circumcision or female genital cutting, whatever you want to call it. Um,

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Speaker 1: I think it's just important to look at all sides

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Speaker 1: of the argument, because our perspective looking over there might

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Speaker 1: not be the same for a young girl growing up

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Speaker 1: in Sudan. Right and so UM, I did read a

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Speaker 1: few ways of how in communities where they do want

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Speaker 1: to stop at things that have been most effective. Have

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Speaker 1: been trying to find another ritual you can do to

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Speaker 1: mark womanhood. Um, so just realizing that it does have

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Speaker 1: that cultural impact and also showing um, I was reading

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Speaker 1: that showing males videos about female self esteem was also helping.

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Speaker 1: And that just plays into the issue of choice. I mean,

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Speaker 1: if it's going to help your self esteem to go

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Speaker 1: through the same thing that you know women before you have,

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Speaker 1: then then you're probably going to have a better experience

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Speaker 1: with it, Whereas if you don't want to do it,

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Speaker 1: it's gonna hurt your self esteem. And um, they have

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Speaker 1: gotten cultures that still practice that have gotten better about

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Speaker 1: having actual health care workers performed the operation rather than um,

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Speaker 1: just random women from the village. You you probably been

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Speaker 1: doing it a long time, but probably aren't very medically trained.

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Speaker 1: And um. Some of the articles also noted that younger

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Speaker 1: women are more opposed to it the more basically, the

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Speaker 1: more educated the women are, the less they wanted to happen, Right,

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Speaker 1: But I mean that gets into the point of if

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Speaker 1: they're educated and have money of their own, then they

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Speaker 1: don't necessarily rely on a man, whereas the man may

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Speaker 1: need this as proof. Yeah, so I think they've given

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Speaker 1: the best overview we can without without continuing to go

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Speaker 1: in circles about what men and women want, which could

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Speaker 1: take is um. So let us know what you guys

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Speaker 1: think about the issue UM and as always, you can

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Speaker 1: email us at mom stuff at house stuff works dot com.

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Speaker 1: I think we've got time for one or two emails,

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Speaker 1: don't you, Kristen. Yeah, I've got an email here from

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Speaker 1: Patricia and she wrote in about our recent episode on

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Speaker 1: whether or not men and women feel pain differently, and

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Speaker 1: she says, I have two children and although that was

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Speaker 1: very painful, I would have to disagree and that it

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Speaker 1: was the most painful thing that I've ever been through. Patricia,

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Speaker 1: You're a strong woman. I would have to say that,

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Speaker 1: hands down, I would rather go through labor than have

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Speaker 1: a toothache. Having a toothache is horrible. It makes all

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Speaker 1: of your teeth hurt, and the whole side of the

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Speaker 1: face it's on, hurts to drink, eat brush, and if

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Speaker 1: it's really bad, orts to breathe. A scale of one

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Speaker 1: to ten, ten being the most painful, one being the least,

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Speaker 1: I would have to read labor and childbirth as an

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Speaker 1: eight point five in a toothache on a ten, But

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Speaker 1: maybe that's just me. My labor was I would say,

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Speaker 1: pretty normal without any complications. Well, you know that's good

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Speaker 1: to know myself. Yeah, child birth might be less painful

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Speaker 1: than a toothache, because I have had some pretty bad toothache. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they hurt. Thank you, Patricia. All right. Our next emails

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Speaker 1: from Heidi, who's running about vampires. Um. She said that

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Speaker 1: she thought it was interesting how we mentioned Edward Angel

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Speaker 1: and Bill Compton but didn't mention Jacob, Spike and Eric.

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Speaker 1: And I will say we have gotten tons of emails

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Speaker 1: on behalf of Jacob and Eric. Apparently we like some

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Speaker 1: shape shifters. We did not consider that they are the

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Speaker 1: winners here. Um. She writes for me, the latter three

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Speaker 1: are the drool objects. And I had to think about

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Speaker 1: why that was. Partly that they are batter boys, but

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Speaker 1: I think it most because I found that the heroine

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Speaker 1: in each case it was more herself with them than

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Speaker 1: she was with the main love interest. Bella is much

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Speaker 1: more interesting and seems to talk more, and we discover

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Speaker 1: more about what she wants in life as opposed to undeath.

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Speaker 1: When she is with Edward, Buffy loses herself completely an angel.

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Speaker 1: But with spikes. She is her true warts and all,

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Speaker 1: badass kicking babe. And in the books, Suki is not

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Speaker 1: lost in Eric. In fact, she is much more herself

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Speaker 1: with Eric than with Bill. I think I like them

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Speaker 1: more because in each case, the heroin does not idolize

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Speaker 1: the guy. She sees him for who he truly is,

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Speaker 1: while with the main love interest it seems more pedestal like,

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Speaker 1: which I thought was a pretty pretty great perspective on

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Speaker 1: those guys. So that's what we've got for listener mail today.

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Speaker 1: If you've got something to say, email us at mom

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Speaker 1: stuff at how stuff works dot com. As always, check

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Speaker 1: out our blog how to stuff on how stuff works

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Speaker 1: dot com and Molly, I don't think that you've told

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Speaker 1: them to go check out our articles as well, also

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Speaker 1: housed on our stuff works dot com for moralns and

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Speaker 1: thousands of other topics. Does it how stuff works dot

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Speaker 1: com m HM. Brought to you by the reinvented two

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Speaker 1: thousand twelve Camry. It's ready, are you