WEBVTT - Can your grandfather's diet shorten your life? 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.920 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.520 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff You Should Know 0:00:08.119 --> 0:00:16.079 from House Stuff Works dot Com. Hey, and welcome to 0:00:16.120 --> 0:00:19.680 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, 0:00:19.760 --> 0:00:22.360 and I'm Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and I'm Josh Clark. 0:00:22.480 --> 0:00:25.759 And that makes this stuff you should know? Right, Yeah, 0:00:26.360 --> 0:00:29.000 So this is our podcast. We've been doing it for 0:00:29.040 --> 0:00:33.280 a while. And um, are you welcoming new listeners? Yeah, 0:00:33.320 --> 0:00:36.480 here's another one. Okay, all right, and actually I'm pretty 0:00:36.479 --> 0:00:38.159 excited about this one. I've been wanting to do this 0:00:38.200 --> 0:00:41.360 one for a while. You've been bugging me. Genetics, Chuck it, 0:00:41.840 --> 0:00:45.960 do it. Let's do it. The cutting edge of research 0:00:46.000 --> 0:00:49.200 of human, of our understanding of life, not just human, 0:00:49.280 --> 0:00:52.000 of all life. My mind was blown. It's a pretty 0:00:52.000 --> 0:00:54.920 big deal, real big deal. So, Chuck, you've heard of 0:00:54.960 --> 0:00:58.480 the genetic revolution. Charles Darwin, he had a long beard, 0:00:59.280 --> 0:01:02.080 loved seat turtles, that kind of thing. He's a vacation 0:01:02.120 --> 0:01:05.480 in the Galapa Ghosts right. He um wrote on the 0:01:05.520 --> 0:01:08.240 Origin of the species and h it was a pretty 0:01:08.240 --> 0:01:12.360 groundbreaking book. It's basically what He came up with, was 0:01:12.880 --> 0:01:17.440 we are driven by our genes, right, we have genetic 0:01:17.520 --> 0:01:20.959 code and our DNA, and that makes us red headed, 0:01:21.280 --> 0:01:25.560 it makes us timid, it makes us courageous pro to cancer, 0:01:26.360 --> 0:01:30.720 right exactly, and it makes us stick tongued alright sometimes yeah, 0:01:31.000 --> 0:01:33.440 and we are slaves to these genes, right, there's nothing 0:01:33.440 --> 0:01:34.760 we can do to alter and we get him from 0:01:34.800 --> 0:01:37.959 our parents. But you know, if if we find out 0:01:38.040 --> 0:01:44.759 that over time, being thick tongued is um say, advantageous 0:01:44.800 --> 0:01:48.040 to human survival, we're all gonna talk like me. But 0:01:48.200 --> 0:01:52.080 millions of years from now, at least hundreds of thousands, 0:01:52.280 --> 0:01:54.840 it definitely does. And I just look for it in 0:01:54.880 --> 0:01:59.360 the future, okay, when we're all running around with robot bodies. Um. 0:01:59.520 --> 0:02:03.280 There was another guy, and actually Darwin, just to show off, 0:02:03.360 --> 0:02:08.560 once came across a type of orchid, right, the moon orchid, 0:02:08.560 --> 0:02:11.000 I believe it's what it's called. And it had a 0:02:11.080 --> 0:02:16.160 very very deep, um, I guess pistol pistol or statement. 0:02:16.240 --> 0:02:19.280 I can never keep those things apart. And the nectar 0:02:19.400 --> 0:02:21.320 was down in there and he looked at that flower 0:02:21.360 --> 0:02:23.880 and said, you know what, there is an organism out there, 0:02:23.919 --> 0:02:28.320 probably a flying organism that it has a probosist that 0:02:28.360 --> 0:02:33.919 fits perfectly into that flower. It was a hawk moth. 0:02:34.680 --> 0:02:36.800 And sure enough, a few a few years later, at 0:02:36.880 --> 0:02:39.080 some point in time later, they discovered the hawk moth 0:02:39.160 --> 0:02:42.040 and it was pretty much literally made to fit. Right. 0:02:42.440 --> 0:02:45.680 So there's another guy named Jean Baptiste Lamarck, who I 0:02:45.720 --> 0:02:48.079 know you've heard of as well, right, all and all 0:02:48.120 --> 0:02:51.680 his Lamarkian stuff. Right, he was, He was about sixty 0:02:51.760 --> 0:02:53.960 to eighty. He was working about sixty or so years 0:02:54.000 --> 0:02:57.520 before Darwin. He had his own ideas based on giraffe's right. Yes, 0:02:57.600 --> 0:03:01.120 he said that giraffe's next grew to reach the food, 0:03:01.200 --> 0:03:04.000 but it was just over the course of a few generations, right, 0:03:04.120 --> 0:03:07.960 And that's kind of flies in the face of Darwin. Yeah, sure, 0:03:07.960 --> 0:03:11.079 who said it takes hundreds of thousands of years with 0:03:11.160 --> 0:03:14.120 this stuff called epigenetics that we're about to talk about today. 0:03:14.360 --> 0:03:17.000 Suddenly people are starting to go back and look at Lamarck, 0:03:17.480 --> 0:03:21.639 who was kind of dismissed as a quack. Yeah, um, 0:03:21.720 --> 0:03:23.960 and say, you know what, lamark may have been right 0:03:24.040 --> 0:03:26.720 in this one. Yeah, prepare for your minds to be melted. 0:03:26.880 --> 0:03:29.359 Let's all I have to say. Let's talk about epigenetics 0:03:29.480 --> 0:03:37.640 Chuck and go Joshua's first talk about the genome. I 0:03:37.720 --> 0:03:40.400 heard a computer reference analogy that I thought was was 0:03:40.440 --> 0:03:44.080 pretty spot on. If you think of the genome as 0:03:44.240 --> 0:03:48.000 computer hardware, then the epigenome would be the software that 0:03:48.080 --> 0:03:50.760 tells the computer what to do and when to do it. 0:03:51.120 --> 0:03:54.040 But in this case, the epigenome tells your cells what 0:03:54.120 --> 0:03:56.640 to do, what kind of cells to be, when to 0:03:56.760 --> 0:04:02.040 activate or deactivate. So like I guess every cell or yeah, 0:04:02.080 --> 0:04:04.920 the d n A and every cell in the human 0:04:04.920 --> 0:04:08.520 body has the exact same DNA. You have like half 0:04:08.520 --> 0:04:10.080 of your mother's and half of your father's when it 0:04:10.080 --> 0:04:12.880 comes together and gives you your d n A. Right, Um, 0:04:13.040 --> 0:04:15.320 And if you look at the DNA and every cell 0:04:15.440 --> 0:04:19.000 from a uh, the kind of cell that makes up 0:04:19.000 --> 0:04:21.000 your fingernail, what would that be a carat in a 0:04:21.080 --> 0:04:27.160 site okay, to a sperm cell? Right, very very specialized 0:04:27.160 --> 0:04:29.320 type of cell. They all have the same d n A, 0:04:29.760 --> 0:04:32.039 They have the same genes in there um, But what 0:04:32.200 --> 0:04:35.280 makes them different and what makes a carat in a 0:04:35.360 --> 0:04:40.520 site and a sperm cell Those things are the the 0:04:40.560 --> 0:04:43.880 tags on those genes. So some are turned off, some 0:04:44.000 --> 0:04:46.719 are turned on, and in a specific combination you have 0:04:46.839 --> 0:04:49.840 either a cretin, a site or sperm cell, or a 0:04:49.880 --> 0:04:55.080 neuron or a cell that makes up your eyeball, all 0:04:55.080 --> 0:04:57.800 of that stuff. So it's essentially it's a chemical tag 0:04:58.080 --> 0:05:02.240 that literally changes the physical structure of your genome. So 0:05:02.279 --> 0:05:06.200 it'll bind tightly, let's say, to an inactive UH gene 0:05:06.600 --> 0:05:09.679 and make it unreadable, or it'll stretch out an active 0:05:09.720 --> 0:05:12.880 gene and make it really accessible, physically changing it. And 0:05:13.040 --> 0:05:17.760 epigenetics means above the genome because these tags, these they 0:05:17.760 --> 0:05:21.760 are called methyl tags, which is what one hydrogen and 0:05:21.839 --> 0:05:25.880 two carbon carbon and hydrogen bundles. Yeah, okay, so it's 0:05:25.920 --> 0:05:30.200 a really group. It's a really simple um compound UM. 0:05:30.240 --> 0:05:33.520 But they they they attached to the gene and a 0:05:33.600 --> 0:05:37.440 place where other proteins or enzymes normally would attach to 0:05:37.480 --> 0:05:39.920 activate it. So basically what they do is block a 0:05:40.040 --> 0:05:42.880 gene from being activated and they can silence them. Yeah, 0:05:42.920 --> 0:05:44.800 so it's like a light switch. Literally you can turn 0:05:44.800 --> 0:05:49.360 off some genes and turn off others. UM and the 0:05:49.360 --> 0:05:53.400 the honey bee actually is is a pretty good demonstration 0:05:53.440 --> 0:05:56.160 of this. Did you read about honey bees? Okay, so 0:05:56.240 --> 0:05:58.680 you've got a worker bee, right, which is a sterile, 0:05:58.800 --> 0:06:01.600 kind of mindless um B that just does what it's 0:06:01.600 --> 0:06:07.000 supposed to do. Agreed. Hey, I'm all down with may Day, 0:06:07.200 --> 0:06:12.480 all right? Uh uh with um? A queen bee you 0:06:12.600 --> 0:06:15.719 have this, Uh, First of all, she can reproduce, she 0:06:15.800 --> 0:06:19.400 goes and kills other rival queens. She does um kind 0:06:19.440 --> 0:06:21.400 of all sorts of other stuff that a worker bee 0:06:21.560 --> 0:06:25.280 isn't capable of doing. Um. And what they found was 0:06:25.839 --> 0:06:29.560 a queen bee queen bee larva raised in this royal jelly, right, 0:06:29.560 --> 0:06:32.760 which worker bees secrete from their their heads. It's just 0:06:32.920 --> 0:06:35.240 nutrient rich jelly, so the larva grows in it. And 0:06:35.240 --> 0:06:37.800 what they found, Yeah, it sounds kind of good, doesn't that? 0:06:38.520 --> 0:06:43.039 Just because of the jelly part. What they found was that, um, 0:06:43.160 --> 0:06:47.479 the royal jelly has it adds a methyl tag to 0:06:47.640 --> 0:06:52.320 the queen bee larva's d n m T three gene. 0:06:52.720 --> 0:06:55.839 And this gene is like literally the on off switch. 0:06:56.040 --> 0:06:58.680 If this gene is on, it goes to the default 0:06:58.720 --> 0:07:02.600 worker be right right. If it's off, then all the 0:07:02.720 --> 0:07:06.000 genes that that make a queen be a queen bee 0:07:06.000 --> 0:07:09.600 are able to be turned on. Crazy, isn't it so? 0:07:09.720 --> 0:07:14.720 Epigenetics happens in bees as well and mice. Yes, the 0:07:14.720 --> 0:07:16.640 they've done a lot of studies with mice obviously in 0:07:16.680 --> 0:07:19.440 the a goody gene in these mice, and they would 0:07:19.680 --> 0:07:24.360 they experiment with um with these mice affecting basically turning 0:07:24.360 --> 0:07:30.840 on and off the epigenetic switch. So an unmethylated gene 0:07:31.200 --> 0:07:36.240 would affect the mouse's size and weight and then and 0:07:36.280 --> 0:07:40.040 then coat color. It makes them real fat and like yellow, yeah, 0:07:40.080 --> 0:07:42.200 instead of skinny and brown. Have you seen one of 0:07:42.200 --> 0:07:46.160 these things? Yeah, they're huge. They should all be named Wilburg. 0:07:47.080 --> 0:07:49.080 The cool thing is though they showed the difference between 0:07:49.120 --> 0:07:51.240 the skinny brown one and the fat yellow one. But 0:07:51.320 --> 0:07:54.280 then they also did experiments where they did half and half, 0:07:54.680 --> 0:07:56.480 like turned on half of them and turned off half 0:07:56.480 --> 0:07:58.720 of them, and they literally showed him in a sequence. 0:07:58.720 --> 0:08:00.560 I don't know if you saw this picture, but they 0:08:00.600 --> 0:08:03.640 went from fat yellow to skinny brown, and in between 0:08:03.640 --> 0:08:06.800 they got thinner and with spotted coats along the way, 0:08:07.000 --> 0:08:11.440 crazy like yellow and brown spotted coats. That specific. Yeah, 0:08:11.520 --> 0:08:14.200 and the one of the ways that they have found 0:08:14.240 --> 0:08:17.720 that they can manipulate these what is it A goody 0:08:17.960 --> 0:08:20.360 goody gene and these mice that I guess our bread 0:08:20.440 --> 0:08:25.240 specifically for this gene to be easily observed or something 0:08:26.160 --> 0:08:31.240 to um is through diet. So they've actually taken a 0:08:31.280 --> 0:08:35.320 goody jeen mice mothers who are pregnant fed him a 0:08:35.360 --> 0:08:39.680 bunch of UM B vitamins in their diet. Yeah, soy 0:08:39.760 --> 0:08:43.120 is a really easy, easy grab for B vitamins. Uglie. Right, 0:08:43.520 --> 0:08:47.880 Um fed these these pregnant, big fat yellow, ugly mice 0:08:48.440 --> 0:08:53.120 B vitamins and their kids came out that that healthy, 0:08:53.160 --> 0:08:58.080 skinny brown right. Um. They had identical moms with the 0:08:58.160 --> 0:09:00.920 same like a goody gan, same upbringing, shame everything. Just 0:09:00.960 --> 0:09:03.199 fed them in the normal mouth diet without vitamin B 0:09:03.360 --> 0:09:07.000 and they had the big fat yellow kids. So diet 0:09:07.200 --> 0:09:11.760 is a really big factor in epigenetic changes. Like, let's 0:09:11.800 --> 0:09:15.040 think about this for a second. Okay, what what Chuck 0:09:15.040 --> 0:09:19.200 and I are talking about right now is that science 0:09:19.240 --> 0:09:25.880 has found evidence that you can change the genetics of 0:09:25.920 --> 0:09:31.840 your children by eating B vitamins or by being abused 0:09:31.920 --> 0:09:35.079 when you're pregnant. Well, see that's what gets me. Some 0:09:35.120 --> 0:09:37.439 of the diet like makes a little bit of sense, 0:09:37.480 --> 0:09:40.160 but the fact that an environmental stimulus placed on your 0:09:40.200 --> 0:09:44.160 mom or even your grandparents can affect your children or 0:09:44.200 --> 0:09:48.480 grandchildren something you didn't even experience at all. It's kind 0:09:48.520 --> 0:09:50.160 of unfair. And actually, I have to tell you, the 0:09:50.160 --> 0:09:52.880 more I study this, the more worried I am for 0:09:53.000 --> 0:09:56.960 my own child or children. Like. Really, what they're finding 0:09:57.040 --> 0:09:59.960 is the decisions that you make, especially at a young 0:10:00.000 --> 0:10:04.400 fish age, are going to affect several generations because these 0:10:04.640 --> 0:10:07.280 what you're doing is adding methyl taps. What we're talking 0:10:07.320 --> 0:10:10.360 about is pretty much the definitive answer to the nature 0:10:10.440 --> 0:10:13.800 and nurture debate. And what we're finding is both you 0:10:13.880 --> 0:10:18.320 have nature, which is your genes, and they're very much active, 0:10:18.640 --> 0:10:21.960 but you have nurture, which is the environment. Whether it's diet, 0:10:22.200 --> 0:10:26.480 whether it's stress um, whether it's lack of exercise. Your 0:10:26.520 --> 0:10:29.800 body responds to these changes by saying, okay, all right, 0:10:29.840 --> 0:10:31.800 well then we need to If you're gonna lay around 0:10:31.800 --> 0:10:33.840 and be fat, then we have to we have to 0:10:33.880 --> 0:10:36.880 deactivate this gene. We will punish your grandkids, and your 0:10:36.920 --> 0:10:39.520 grandkids who are trying to be normal are going to 0:10:39.600 --> 0:10:43.079 be fat little kids that have live you know, shortened lives. 0:10:43.679 --> 0:10:45.920 And this is where it came from, right, Chuck, wasn't 0:10:45.920 --> 0:10:49.679 there there was a study in Sweden that kind of 0:10:49.720 --> 0:10:53.520 broke this ground. Yeah, didn't they find that? Um, it 0:10:53.640 --> 0:10:56.920 was a very isolated group of people in Sweden, and 0:10:56.960 --> 0:10:59.160 at the time they were very isolated at least where 0:10:59.160 --> 0:11:02.400 they couldn't get help from the outside world, very very readily. 0:11:02.880 --> 0:11:06.560 And I think they studied the famine in that right. Well, 0:11:06.559 --> 0:11:10.559 they the famine affected the generations afterwards. Well, they had 0:11:10.600 --> 0:11:13.400 like feast or famine. It was like an agricultural town. 0:11:13.640 --> 0:11:16.800 And they looked at these agricultural records that this town 0:11:16.880 --> 0:11:21.160 kept for some reason, like really detailed records for throughout 0:11:21.200 --> 0:11:24.880 the nineteenth century, and some years there was nothing and 0:11:24.920 --> 0:11:28.040 people starved death. The next year there was everything. And 0:11:28.080 --> 0:11:35.240 they found that the grand parents, the grand fathers, um 0:11:35.320 --> 0:11:41.439 who feasted and starved within a year of one another. Um, 0:11:41.480 --> 0:11:47.199 their grandkids lived in average of thirty two years shorter 0:11:47.760 --> 0:11:51.280 or less. Then it's the same the grandkids of the 0:11:51.320 --> 0:11:54.520 same people who didn't have that kind of feast or 0:11:54.559 --> 0:11:58.440 famine experience in the same town around with the same 0:11:58.520 --> 0:12:04.760 socioeconomic conditions. So yeah, that's three generations right there, right. Yeah, 0:12:04.920 --> 0:12:08.800 did you hear about the Angelman syndrome and the Prodavadi syndrome. 0:12:09.040 --> 0:12:12.400 No to they I saw that actually it was a 0:12:12.440 --> 0:12:16.800 PBS documentary. The it's called The Ghost in Your Genes. 0:12:16.920 --> 0:12:20.880 Did you watch that, dude? It's on YouTube. It's in five, 0:12:21.400 --> 0:12:23.880 I think five or six sections of ten minutes a piece. 0:12:23.880 --> 0:12:27.440 It's a full show. Mind blowing. Uh. They found that 0:12:27.480 --> 0:12:30.079 there's there's these two different syndromes and I won't get 0:12:30.120 --> 0:12:33.480 too deep into what they are, but Angelman syndrome and uh, 0:12:33.640 --> 0:12:36.920 Prida Villi syndrome is what it's called. And they found 0:12:37.160 --> 0:12:42.800 the Italian proddy. Sorry I dropped the ball there. Uh. Basically, 0:12:42.880 --> 0:12:44.679 what causes each of these is a missing piece of 0:12:44.760 --> 0:12:47.960 DNA and it can cause two different disease. What they 0:12:47.960 --> 0:12:50.720 found it and cause to these two different diseases, they're 0:12:50.720 --> 0:12:55.120 completely unrelated depending on which parent it came from, which 0:12:55.200 --> 0:13:00.760 missing uh part of the gene it came from. So basically, uh, 0:13:00.840 --> 0:13:03.320 it's as if the gene knew where it was coming from, 0:13:03.840 --> 0:13:06.560 like gene imprinting. The gene had a memory that, oh, 0:13:06.679 --> 0:13:09.520 it came from the father, so you're gonna have Angelman syndrome, 0:13:09.760 --> 0:13:11.079 or it came from the mother, so you're gonna have 0:13:11.080 --> 0:13:14.359 proda eility. Right, And this is a relatively recent discovery. 0:13:14.400 --> 0:13:17.240 We were talking about them looking at agricultural records of 0:13:17.320 --> 0:13:21.040 the nineteenth century in Sweden. That was a doctor named 0:13:21.520 --> 0:13:25.080 Dr Lars olov Bygren, but he was working in the 0:13:25.120 --> 0:13:28.800 mid eighties and he didn't really start to lay the 0:13:28.840 --> 0:13:32.920 foundation of epigenetic research until the mid to late nineties. 0:13:32.960 --> 0:13:36.079 So this is a very new field. But what they're finding, 0:13:36.080 --> 0:13:41.600 and what Chuck was just saying, is that your parents 0:13:42.240 --> 0:13:48.000 can pass on these epigenetic changes that happened within themselves, right, Um, 0:13:48.080 --> 0:13:51.360 and your grandparents can too. But this isn't supposed to happen. 0:13:51.600 --> 0:13:55.120 What happens when an egg and a sperm meat, right, 0:13:55.240 --> 0:13:57.720 and it's like, hey, here's half, here's my DNA, here's 0:13:57.720 --> 0:14:00.920 my DNA, right, and they get together. Um. There is 0:14:00.960 --> 0:14:04.640 actually a process where these specialized cells go through and 0:14:04.760 --> 0:14:08.680 basically clean the d n A of methyl tags. But 0:14:08.720 --> 0:14:11.400 they found that not all methyl taps get cleaned off, 0:14:12.120 --> 0:14:16.280 so diet can affect certain genes. These methyl taps can 0:14:16.280 --> 0:14:19.320 be passed down. Um, and and with abuse as well. 0:14:19.880 --> 0:14:25.240 Uh have you heard about PTSD? Yeah down, Yeah, They 0:14:25.280 --> 0:14:28.160 covered that in the in that special as well. They 0:14:28.160 --> 0:14:31.440 did a test with pregnant women who were in New 0:14:31.520 --> 0:14:33.680 York at the time of nine eleven. Did you hear 0:14:33.640 --> 0:14:36.800 about this one? Yeah, this is really recent study, right, Yeah, 0:14:36.880 --> 0:14:41.040 And they basically found that pregnant women the experience that 0:14:41.080 --> 0:14:43.600 were pregnant at the time the towers came down and 0:14:43.720 --> 0:14:47.440 experienced post traumatic stress disorder. They found that their babies 0:14:47.600 --> 0:14:51.440 had lower levels of cortisol, just like their moms did, 0:14:51.840 --> 0:14:55.000 which helps you deal with stress, helps you how you 0:14:55.040 --> 0:14:59.280 deal with stress. So these little babies inherited, basically inherited 0:14:59.280 --> 0:15:03.440 post traumatic s disorder from their mothers. In the and 0:15:03.600 --> 0:15:07.280 um cortisol it's a hormone and it would be produced 0:15:07.280 --> 0:15:09.760 by a gene or expressed by a gene, and how 0:15:09.840 --> 0:15:12.760 much or how little is express depends on whether that 0:15:12.840 --> 0:15:17.120 gene is silenced, whether it's altered. And that alteration comes 0:15:17.120 --> 0:15:20.520 from metal tags which can be passed down, so PTSD 0:15:20.680 --> 0:15:24.360 can be passed down, right, Yeah. And they're what they're 0:15:24.360 --> 0:15:27.320 speculating now that and this is obviously speculation because these 0:15:27.360 --> 0:15:30.560 kids are still young, but they're speculating that it's gonna 0:15:30.560 --> 0:15:32.680 happen to their kids as well, and that's gonna be 0:15:32.840 --> 0:15:36.640 the real like gold nugget right there. There. They do 0:15:36.760 --> 0:15:39.880 go away eventually, they think methyl tags. Well, they have 0:15:40.000 --> 0:15:43.600 in like fruit flies. With fruit flies it's like four generations, 0:15:43.640 --> 0:15:46.240 but fruit flies have a generation every like five minutes. 0:15:46.280 --> 0:15:49.600 And now um. And then I think with mice it's 0:15:49.680 --> 0:15:53.440 like forty generations or something like that. Um. And with 0:15:53.560 --> 0:15:58.160 humans they expect it to be somewhere around three, maybe 0:15:58.320 --> 0:16:01.640 a few more. And then the yeah, because what's happening 0:16:01.760 --> 0:16:05.160 is our bodies are responding to environmental cues to change. 0:16:05.440 --> 0:16:09.120 And then after those environmental cues go away, the body's like, okay, 0:16:09.120 --> 0:16:10.960 well we can go back to normal now and get 0:16:11.080 --> 0:16:14.720 rid of this meth al tag. So we've got nutrition. Right. 0:16:15.040 --> 0:16:17.400 You are what you're You are what you eat, You 0:16:17.400 --> 0:16:20.280 are what your parents eight, you are what your grandparents eight. Uh. 0:16:20.320 --> 0:16:25.000 And then there's um things like stress which parenting right 0:16:25.160 --> 0:16:28.240 and yeah, I think they found with mice, mice mothers 0:16:28.280 --> 0:16:33.320 that didn't nurture their kids um or nurse their kids, 0:16:33.440 --> 0:16:38.960 uh raise kids produced kids that were kind of jumpy 0:16:39.160 --> 0:16:42.040 and um, I guess had the mice version of PTSD. 0:16:42.520 --> 0:16:45.720 And they theorized that the the body had undergone an 0:16:45.760 --> 0:16:50.000 epigenetic change to prepare these mice for stressful life because 0:16:50.000 --> 0:16:52.240 they need to be on guard, you know, which if 0:16:52.280 --> 0:16:54.040 you think about it, Chuck, I wrote a blog post 0:16:54.080 --> 0:16:57.920 about us. It's possible. What we call PTSD is an 0:16:57.960 --> 0:17:01.680 epigenetic change that says you live in an environment where 0:17:02.040 --> 0:17:04.760 you can't just you can't relax, right, So we're gonna 0:17:04.760 --> 0:17:07.240 make you jumpy, you're gonna be edgy, and you're going 0:17:07.280 --> 0:17:10.560 to have flashbacks so that you're always you know, on point. 0:17:10.640 --> 0:17:14.800 And it's the result of an epigenetic change from a 0:17:14.840 --> 0:17:17.760 stressful event. Yeah, and the same Yeah, I think you 0:17:17.800 --> 0:17:21.000 mentioned abuse earlier. They found that one out of every 0:17:21.000 --> 0:17:24.280 five suicide victims was a victim of child abuse as well. 0:17:24.920 --> 0:17:27.080 So they're still kind of theorizing now, but they think 0:17:27.080 --> 0:17:30.840 there's a positive correlation there between, like you said, stressful 0:17:30.920 --> 0:17:35.200 upbringing in an epigenetic change. So what else? Uh, well, 0:17:35.240 --> 0:17:36.960 do I mean we're gonna talk about the good? What 0:17:37.040 --> 0:17:39.760 could be good about this? Potentially? Yes, because it could 0:17:39.760 --> 0:17:43.480 be really good. We're talking about and it's still early going. 0:17:43.520 --> 0:17:48.960 We're talking about potentially curing things like Alzheimer's cancer, um 0:17:49.119 --> 0:17:56.200 mental disorders, uh, multiple sclerosis, you name it, thick tonguedness, 0:17:57.000 --> 0:18:00.399 potentially being able to cure this because you it. They 0:18:00.440 --> 0:18:05.080 found that it's really hard to fix like a cancer cell. 0:18:06.160 --> 0:18:09.080 And so what the doctors are thinking now is it's 0:18:09.080 --> 0:18:12.080 really hard to to fix a cancer cell, but it's 0:18:12.119 --> 0:18:15.520 a whole lot easier to turn these epigenetic switches on 0:18:15.640 --> 0:18:18.919 and off, which may in turn help defeat cancer. Like 0:18:19.000 --> 0:18:22.880 you want to get a tumor suppressing gene going yeah, 0:18:22.960 --> 0:18:25.760 and then but you want to get a cellular growth 0:18:25.920 --> 0:18:28.639 gene turned down a little bit, right like that, and 0:18:28.720 --> 0:18:31.240 that you just cured cancer. Yeah. This This one doctor 0:18:31.240 --> 0:18:33.840 put it like this. He said that, um, it's almost 0:18:33.920 --> 0:18:36.560 like a diplomacy instead of a war, Like you'll go 0:18:36.680 --> 0:18:39.359 tell the cell, hey, you're a good human cell. You 0:18:39.400 --> 0:18:42.040 don't need to behave this way. You should not be 0:18:42.040 --> 0:18:47.160 behaving this way. Yes, it's called as a citadine. It's 0:18:47.160 --> 0:18:50.280 good to me as a citadine. It was originally marketed 0:18:50.440 --> 0:18:55.520 for UM something else entirely probably Alzheimer's. Everything was uh, 0:18:55.560 --> 0:18:57.760 And then they come up with they figure out that 0:18:57.840 --> 0:19:02.879 it's actually UM turning down own these growth cells or 0:19:02.960 --> 0:19:05.960 these growth genes, and they say, hey, how about we 0:19:06.080 --> 0:19:09.560 use this for leukemia? Ba boom. But being there, you go, yeah, 0:19:09.640 --> 0:19:12.560 people all of a sudden in remission where they hadn't 0:19:12.560 --> 0:19:16.280 been before, so it's pretty pretty startling. Yeah, it's still 0:19:16.320 --> 0:19:19.760 in the early stages though, right. Uh. The other thing 0:19:19.800 --> 0:19:23.800 too is you can you can. It's it's easier to 0:19:23.840 --> 0:19:27.600 fix the epigenome. That's the good news. As we move forward. 0:19:27.680 --> 0:19:31.600 It's also a lot easier to mess up your own 0:19:31.760 --> 0:19:36.040 epigenome diet and smoking and things like that. Yeah, there 0:19:36.440 --> 0:19:39.840 was a the guy who was studying Sweden hooked up 0:19:39.880 --> 0:19:43.159 with a guy who proposed, uh, the entire field of 0:19:43.200 --> 0:19:48.280 epigenetics in and then they got together with another researcher 0:19:48.560 --> 0:19:53.560 who was running that You remember the framing Framinghamton Farmington. 0:19:54.080 --> 0:19:57.240 Is it farming him, farming him, framing him, framing him? 0:19:57.359 --> 0:20:00.320 That the Massachusetts study, the heart study. Yeah, that's remember 0:20:00.320 --> 0:20:03.480 forty years long or something, right, remember Great Britain's version 0:20:03.520 --> 0:20:07.520 of It's like the Avon Longitudinal study. Okay, So this 0:20:07.560 --> 0:20:11.840 guy had a friend who had access to these these files, 0:20:12.080 --> 0:20:15.000 and what they found was that one d and sixties 0:20:15.080 --> 0:20:20.760 six fathers in this study had started smoking around age eleven. Uh. 0:20:20.800 --> 0:20:23.159 And so they started looking at these these guys and 0:20:23.160 --> 0:20:27.040 found that their kids were shorter and fatter and just 0:20:27.160 --> 0:20:31.080 generally unhealthier than other kids. Even controlling for other factors 0:20:31.119 --> 0:20:34.360 as well. So smoking is a problems. Drugs are a problem. 0:20:34.440 --> 0:20:38.639 Cocaine addicted mice past memory problems onto three generations of 0:20:38.680 --> 0:20:43.160 their offspring. Yeah, it said that cocaine, especially tripp triggers 0:20:43.200 --> 0:20:46.960 epigenetic changes that affect like hundreds of genes at the 0:20:47.000 --> 0:20:51.200 same time. It's because memories just such a complex process. 0:20:53.080 --> 0:20:56.760 So don't do cocaine. No, and don't smoke. It's just 0:20:56.880 --> 0:21:01.399 a bad idea, especially at a young age. And Chuck, 0:21:02.080 --> 0:21:06.280 there's a project underway. Remember the Human Genome Project completed 0:21:06.320 --> 0:21:10.640 in March of two thousand, which is now exactly There 0:21:10.720 --> 0:21:14.040 was a did you read this time article at the 0:21:14.119 --> 0:21:16.359 end of it that the author is talking about the 0:21:16.359 --> 0:21:20.680 epigenome project, right, and he was saying that the Human 0:21:20.720 --> 0:21:24.200 Epigenome Project is going to make the Human Genome Project 0:21:24.520 --> 0:21:27.640 look like the homework that sixteenth century school kids did 0:21:27.640 --> 0:21:32.119 on their advocacies. Think about this. What they found in 0:21:32.119 --> 0:21:35.760 the Human Genome Project is twenty seven thousand genes that 0:21:35.800 --> 0:21:42.600 are mapped. Right, Um, just just fiddling with these combinations 0:21:43.240 --> 0:21:47.120 increases the map that needs to be created exponentially, right, 0:21:47.280 --> 0:21:51.320 like Domino's Pizza has twenty seven ingredients they produces, they do. 0:21:51.440 --> 0:21:55.840 I went counting the produces eighty eight million different combinations 0:21:55.840 --> 0:22:00.440 from seven I imagine twenty seven thousand ingredients. I'm many 0:22:00.520 --> 0:22:03.199 different combinations is that produced. This is the scope of 0:22:03.200 --> 0:22:07.399 the human epigenome project that's underway. Now, wow, what what 0:22:07.440 --> 0:22:09.560 about Pizza Hut with all their like stuff crust and 0:22:09.600 --> 0:22:13.080 eat it backwards and the ingredients are underneath your pizza 0:22:13.240 --> 0:22:17.440 and probably even more stuff. Yeah, but I think Domino's 0:22:17.480 --> 0:22:19.600 has more pizza because they've got like the Philly cheese 0:22:19.600 --> 0:22:24.000 steak one and they have like the cheeseburger, the bacon cheeseburger, 0:22:24.400 --> 0:22:28.359 which yeah they do, like the Ruben sandwich pizza that 0:22:28.400 --> 0:22:31.920 would be very good, would be good. So epigenetics is 0:22:32.000 --> 0:22:35.320 changing everything I think, and it's core. It's going to 0:22:36.640 --> 0:22:39.320 it's going to point out that all of our understanding 0:22:39.359 --> 0:22:43.600 of medicine is just an odd way of describing an 0:22:43.600 --> 0:22:49.480 epigenetic change, you know, like psychology, psychiatry. I predict that 0:22:49.680 --> 0:22:52.920 our future and complete understanding of humanity is going to 0:22:52.960 --> 0:22:57.600 be a combination of sociology and epigenetics. So we we 0:22:57.600 --> 0:22:59.320 thought we were onto something with me or neurons, but 0:23:00.440 --> 0:23:03.840 forget what we said, not just kidding. Actually, yeah, I 0:23:03.840 --> 0:23:06.760 think that you could probably explain that epigenetically and with 0:23:06.840 --> 0:23:09.200 sociology as well. Have you heard of this guy, Dr 0:23:09.240 --> 0:23:13.840 Bruce Lipton. He is, he's got a documentary out called 0:23:13.880 --> 0:23:17.080 The Living Matrix, And at first I was reading and 0:23:17.119 --> 0:23:18.600 I was like, Wow, this guy's really onto something. But 0:23:18.640 --> 0:23:22.080 then I started reading other people saying this guy's a quack. Yeah. 0:23:22.119 --> 0:23:24.800 He basically he's a big epigenetics guy, but he thinks 0:23:24.840 --> 0:23:30.400 that your brain can essentially change your genetic expression by 0:23:30.440 --> 0:23:34.720 manipulating the epigenome like concentrating. He thinks the placebo effect 0:23:34.760 --> 0:23:38.120 could potentially be explained by this, and like spontaneous remission 0:23:38.520 --> 0:23:43.600 and cancer spontaneous combustion. Spontaneous remission obviously is when you 0:23:43.760 --> 0:23:48.040 go into remission with no known cause, not from you know, 0:23:48.080 --> 0:23:51.440 any treatment, And he says this is explained because you're 0:23:51.680 --> 0:23:55.040 you have a profound change in your perception of your 0:23:55.080 --> 0:23:57.280 life and what life is all about, and that can 0:23:57.359 --> 0:24:00.239 potentially alter the epigenome. Well, you could also to make 0:24:00.240 --> 0:24:02.040 a case that this guy, what this guy is talking 0:24:02.080 --> 0:24:06.840 about is decreasing stress, which stresses freaks havoc on us 0:24:07.680 --> 0:24:11.159 and could create metal tags and alter gene expression. So 0:24:11.240 --> 0:24:17.000 maybe he's just using a quacky way of describing lowering 0:24:17.040 --> 0:24:21.000 your own stress levels by increasing self confidence. It's interesting 0:24:21.000 --> 0:24:22.560 when you see these people, though, and you watch a 0:24:22.600 --> 0:24:24.679 YouTube video and you think, oh my gosh, that's the 0:24:24.720 --> 0:24:27.400