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Speaker 1: Welcome to Aaron Benky's Cabinet of Curiosities, a production of

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Speaker 1: I Heart Radio and Grim and Mild. Our world is

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Speaker 1: full of the unexplainable, and if history is an open book,

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Speaker 1: all of these amazing tales are right there on display,

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Speaker 1: just waiting for us to explore. Welcome to the Cabinet

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Speaker 1: of Curiosities. From to nine, Germany was divided into two blocks,

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Speaker 1: the Soviet run Eastern Block and the more capitalistic Western Block.

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Speaker 1: In the East, democracy was all but obliterated, with heavy

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Speaker 1: restrictions placed on what media and political ideologies were allowed.

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Speaker 1: The press was an extension of the states, serving as

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Speaker 1: a propaganda machine for the Communist Party. Anyone who spoke

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Speaker 1: out against those in power were silenced. For people living

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Speaker 1: in the Eastern Block, times were dark, which is why

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Speaker 1: so many tried to flee. Unfortunately, the border between East

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Speaker 1: and West Germany was almost impenetrable. Not only were armed

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Speaker 1: guards stationed along the various walls and fences separating the

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Speaker 1: two sides, but they were all manner of deterrence, waiting

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Speaker 1: for anyone who dared to try to climb over. Barbed

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Speaker 1: wire was a common sight. As we're watch towers where

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Speaker 1: guards would keep an eye on activity and shine searchlights

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Speaker 1: on anyone they thought trying to cross. Ten thousand people

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Speaker 1: attempted to escape the Eastern Block. Nearly a thousand of

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Speaker 1: them died trying. But two families tried to get out

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Speaker 1: in the nineteen seventies, and they did it in the

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Speaker 1: most unique and dangerous way possible. The plan was hatched

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Speaker 1: by two men, electrician Peter Strelzek and Gunter Wetzel, who

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Speaker 1: worked as a bricklayer. They had talked many times over

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Speaker 1: the years about how they wanted to escape the Eastern Bloc,

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Speaker 1: concocting various schemes to get past the border. They were

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Speaker 1: mental x sizes more than true actual plans, the way

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Speaker 1: two people might talk about committing the perfect crime for fun.

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Speaker 1: But it wasn't until March of ninety eight when true

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Speaker 1: inspiration hit. Gunter's sister in law had moved out of

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Speaker 1: East Germany in the late fifties, but had come back

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Speaker 1: to see family. She'd brought with her a magazine featuring

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Speaker 1: an article about a yearly festival held in the southwestern

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Speaker 1: United States. The celebrations centered around a certain mode of transportation,

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Speaker 1: and it gave the bricklayer an idea. He showed his

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Speaker 1: friend the article, and the two men agreed that was

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Speaker 1: how they were getting out. Unfortunately, though they were good

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Speaker 1: with their hands, the men had never built such a

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Speaker 1: device before. They traveled to their town's library for more information.

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Speaker 1: Studying whatever books were available on the subject, they determined

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Speaker 1: that they would need three thousand square feet of fabric,

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Speaker 1: an amount that would have set off alarm bells within

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Speaker 1: the state. To avoid trouble, they went to a store

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Speaker 1: thirty miles away and told the clerk they had started

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Speaker 1: a camping club. The fabric was to make tense, and

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Speaker 1: apparently that was enough. Gunter took on the duty of

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Speaker 1: stitching all the fabric together, spending two weeks in his

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Speaker 1: bedroom behind his mother's sewing machine. Meanwhile, Peter was tasked

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Speaker 1: with creating a power source and something to carry everyone in.

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Speaker 1: He took two bottles of liquid propane and connected them

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Speaker 1: with hoses that fed to a nozzle of his own design.

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Speaker 1: Then he welded a five foot square metal plate to

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Speaker 1: a few support beams, which was enough to hold a

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Speaker 1: family of four. When they put their respective projects together,

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Speaker 1: it was clear that Peter and Gunter had created something cool.

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Speaker 1: Well hots actually a hot air balloon. They tested the

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Speaker 1: balloon in April of ninety eight, driving out to an

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Speaker 1: open clearing far from the watchful eyes of the state.

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Speaker 1: They tried to fill the balloon with hot air by

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Speaker 1: igniting the liquid propane, but it refused to inflate. The

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Speaker 1: fabric was too porous to hold the gas inside. Sealing

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Speaker 1: it didn't work either, so they returned home, where they

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Speaker 1: incinerated the balloon to eliminate the evidence before getting back

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Speaker 1: to work on version two point oh. After testing several

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Speaker 1: of waterproof and nonporous fabrics, they settled on an inexpensive

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Speaker 1: form of synthetic taffada. This time they traveled to a

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Speaker 1: different store and claimed that they were part of a

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Speaker 1: sailing club using the taffata to make sales for boats,

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Speaker 1: and once again no one saw any issue was selling

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Speaker 1: thousands of feet of fabric to two random guys off

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Speaker 1: the street. One week later, the second balloon was ready

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Speaker 1: for testing. Peter and Gunter turned to the field that

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Speaker 1: night and hooked their taffeta creation to the gondola Peter

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Speaker 1: had put together. Everything worked as they had hoped. The

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Speaker 1: fire filled the fabric with gas, lifting the whole contraption

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Speaker 1: off the ground. With a little more tinkering to make

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Speaker 1: sure the fuel didn't run out too quickly, the men

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Speaker 1: were ready to make their great escape. The time finally came.

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Speaker 1: On the night of July three nine. Peter gathered his

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Speaker 1: wife and two sons and set up in an abandoned field.

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Speaker 1: The balloon carried them high into the air to an

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Speaker 1: altitude of nearly seven thousand feet. Freedom was only a

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Speaker 1: few hundred feet away. Without warning, though, a gust of

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Speaker 1: wind pushed the family into a cloud. The water vapor

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Speaker 1: weighed the taffeta down, bringing the balloon back to earth

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Speaker 1: just shy of the border. The strelsas abandoned the downcraft

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Speaker 1: and made their way on foot back home, which was

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Speaker 1: over ten miles away. The authorities found the homemade hot

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Speaker 1: air balloon a few hours later, and it was clear

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Speaker 1: that if Peter and Gunter were going to make it

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Speaker 1: out alive, they had to act fast. They bought up

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Speaker 1: small bundles of taffota from all over East Germany to

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Speaker 1: throw investigators off the trail, and fabricated a new balloon

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Speaker 1: that was twice as large as the original. The new

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Speaker 1: gondola was also constructed as well, one that could support

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Speaker 1: the weight of more fuel and two families. They completed

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Speaker 1: the new balloon just over a month later, and on

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Speaker 1: September fifteenth, they took the only chance that they would

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Speaker 1: get to put it to use. Both families left their

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Speaker 1: homes and belongings behind. They drove to the launch sites

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Speaker 1: and inflated the balloon just after one thirty in the morning.

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Speaker 1: As it lifted into the air, the gondola tip to

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Speaker 1: one side and the burners set the fabric on fire.

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Speaker 1: One of the men had brought a fire extinguisher to

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Speaker 1: quickly put out the floor him, but the problems only

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Speaker 1: compounded from there. Next, the fabric, ripped in the hot

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Speaker 1: air began to leak out, while a strong wind kept

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Speaker 1: blowing out the burners, which had to be re lit.

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Speaker 1: It seemed like their escape plan was destined to fail,

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Speaker 1: and then ten minutes after takeoff, the balloon finally reached

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Speaker 1: an altitude of six thousand, six hundred feet. It was

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Speaker 1: cold up there, very cold, with temperatures dropping to about

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Speaker 1: seventeen degrees fahrenheit. As they floated toward the border, huddling

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Speaker 1: for warmth. Authorities below realized something was going on and

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Speaker 1: turned on spotlights to try and catch them. Gunter, refusing

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Speaker 1: to give up, cranked up the heat. The balloons soared

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Speaker 1: upward another fourteen hundred feet, well out of range of

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Speaker 1: the lights. They only had enough fuel for a short trip.

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Speaker 1: The balloon descended rapidly and came down hard on the

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Speaker 1: ground half an hour after they'd taken off. Gunter even

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Speaker 1: broke his leg on impact. By the time all was

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Speaker 1: said and done, Peter and Gunter's homemade balloon had traveled

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Speaker 1: a whopping fifteen and a half mile. Shortly after landing,

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Speaker 1: a police car pulled up to the crash site and

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Speaker 1: found Peter and Gunter standing in the road. One of

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Speaker 1: the men asked the officers, are we in the West?

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Speaker 1: They were. The balloon had taken them across the border,

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Speaker 1: out of the Eastern Bloc and into West Germany. After

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Speaker 1: word got out about their daring escape, East Germany placed

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Speaker 1: drastic limitations on how much fabric could be purchased by individuals,

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Speaker 1: and anyone who wanted to buy propane had to register

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Speaker 1: at first. But the Strelsas and the wet Cels didn't

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Speaker 1: have to worry about that anymore. They had beaten the

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Speaker 1: odds risked everything for life and liberty by traveling up

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Speaker 1: up in a way and their beautiful hot air balloon.

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Speaker 1: Thomas Edison is known today as a great inventor, from

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Speaker 1: the light bulb to the phonograph. There's no doubt that

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Speaker 1: Edison's work has made an indelible impression on the world

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Speaker 1: as a whole. However, for all the good he did,

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Speaker 1: there was also plenty that he accomplished that was questionable.

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Speaker 1: Sometimes it even delved into illegal and immoral territory. For example,

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Speaker 1: he once drafted a pr campaign to prove that Nikola

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Speaker 1: Tesla's new A C current was unsafe compared to his

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Speaker 1: own DC current. To do this, he electrocuted several animals

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Speaker 1: using AC power, including a five ton circus elephant known

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Speaker 1: as Topsy. Edison was also greedy. One of his first inventions,

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Speaker 1: an electric voting machine, was meant to make the act

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Speaker 1: of voting faster and more efficient. At the time, many

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Speaker 1: votes were often cast orally, with voters calling out YEA

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Speaker 1: or nay to mark their choice. Unfortunately, no state or

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Speaker 1: local government wanted to use Edison's machine because it was

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Speaker 1: just too fast. It would keep politicians from campaigning between

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Speaker 1: each vote, so Edison decided to use his inventing prowess

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Speaker 1: for only two reasons. An invention had to serve a purpose,

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Speaker 1: and it had to make him money. One of his

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Speaker 1: most success full endeavors was the Kintograph, built in eighteen ninety.

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Speaker 1: It was an evolution of what Leland Stratford had created

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Speaker 1: in eighteen seventy seven, where he lined up twenty four

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Speaker 1: still cameras along a race track and outfitted each of

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Speaker 1: them with a trip wire. Stanford then had a horse

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Speaker 1: run around the track, with each tripped wire triggering a

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Speaker 1: camera's shutter. When the photos were arranged in sequence, it

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Speaker 1: looked like the horse was running. Edison's creation, however, used

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Speaker 1: a newer kind of film made of celluloid, a flammable

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Speaker 1: type of plastic. To better demonstrate the superiority of the Kintograph,

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Speaker 1: he built a movie studio near his lab, which he

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Speaker 1: called the Black Maria. It was aptly named, looking like

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Speaker 1: a big black cabin in the middle of West Orange,

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Speaker 1: New Jersey. What made it special was its ingenious way

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Speaker 1: of allowing Edison to film practically all day long. The

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Speaker 1: Black Maria sat on wheels that rotated by fifteen degrees

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Speaker 1: every hour. This allowed Edison to capture as much sunlight

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Speaker 1: as possible throughout the day. To let end even more lights,

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Speaker 1: he would often open the retract a bowl roof. Edison

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Speaker 1: owned three studios across New Jersey and New York, cornering

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Speaker 1: the East coast moving picture market that he helped create.

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Speaker 1: Of course, with success came competition, and Edison made sure

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Speaker 1: that he nipped that in the bud before it ever

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Speaker 1: got out of hand. He joined forces with several other

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Speaker 1: motion picture patent holders, including Eastman Kodak, and formed the

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Speaker 1: Motion Picture Patents Company, or mp PC. The mp PC

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Speaker 1: owned so many industry specific patents that any independent studio

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Speaker 1: caught trying to make a movie without permission would find

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Speaker 1: themselves on the receiving end of a lawsuit. Sometimes local

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Speaker 1: mobsters were brought in to let the directors know who

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Speaker 1: was in charge. One studio bore the brunt of nearly

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Speaker 1: three hundred lawsuits all by itself. It seemed that nobody

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Speaker 1: could make inroads in what was becoming a lucrative industry,

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Speaker 1: so independent artists started looking elsewhere to make their movies.

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Speaker 1: One such place ended up becoming the perfect location for

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Speaker 1: their new operation. It was warm all year had dependable weather,

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Speaker 1: and its court system was far more forgiving towards small

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Speaker 1: business owners than Edison's trust of patent holders. Around nineteen

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Speaker 1: o eight, five years after the town was incorporated, the

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Speaker 1: first studios began moving to this oasis of entertainment, and

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Speaker 1: as they started making movies again, the lawsuits quickly followed.

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Speaker 1: It wasn't until seven years later when things finally changed.

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Speaker 1: A civil suit was filed against the Motion Picture Patents Company,

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Speaker 1: and the courts found that Edison's trust was in violation

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Speaker 1: of the Sherman Antitrust Act of eighteen ninety. The mp

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Speaker 1: PC could no longer use its collection of patents to

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Speaker 1: stop competition or end another filmmaker's business. Edison had lost

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Speaker 1: his monopoly on making movies, which allowed other studios to

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Speaker 1: soar to new heights. The inventor closed down his studio

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Speaker 1: shortly after the ruling, but he shouldn't have been too discouraged.

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Speaker 1: After all, if it wasn't for Thomas Edison's greed, those

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Speaker 1: competing film studios would never have moved west to a

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Speaker 1: sleepy little hamlet in the middle of Los Angeles. Kel

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Speaker 1: A Warnia, the Wizard of Menlo Park, accidentally invented one

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Speaker 1: of the longest lasting and most successful industries in history, Hollywood.

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Speaker 1: I hope you've enjoyed today's guided tour of the Cabinet

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Speaker 1: of Curiosities. Subscribe for free on Apple Podcasts, or learn

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Speaker 1: more about the show by visiting Curiosities podcast dot com.

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Speaker 1: The show was created by me Aaron Mankey in partnership

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Speaker 1: with how Stuff Works. I make another award winning show

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Speaker 1: called Lore, which is a podcast, book series, and television show,

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Speaker 1: and you can learn all about it over at the

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Speaker 1: World of Lore dot com. And until next time, stay curious. Yeah,