1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:04,040 Speaker 1: Hey y'all, we're rerunning two episodes today. Enjoy the show. Hi, 2 00:00:04,519 --> 00:00:09,039 Speaker 1: I'm Eves and welcome to This Day in History Class, 3 00:00:09,080 --> 00:00:11,680 Speaker 1: a show that uncovers a little bit more about history 4 00:00:12,119 --> 00:00:23,280 Speaker 1: every day. The day was February. It was the dead 5 00:00:23,400 --> 00:00:27,720 Speaker 1: of winter in snowy Scotland. But at about five o'clock 6 00:00:27,760 --> 00:00:30,880 Speaker 1: in the morning, more than a hundred soldiers who had 7 00:00:30,920 --> 00:00:33,880 Speaker 1: been quartered in the homes of members of the McDonald 8 00:00:33,920 --> 00:00:38,120 Speaker 1: clan and Glencost Scotland murdered the people who they had 9 00:00:38,159 --> 00:00:42,640 Speaker 1: been staying with for more than a week. The soldiers 10 00:00:42,920 --> 00:00:48,120 Speaker 1: went from north to south Glencoe, gathering troops, killing McDonald's 11 00:00:48,159 --> 00:00:51,800 Speaker 1: and burning down homes as they forged a murderous path 12 00:00:52,120 --> 00:00:58,200 Speaker 1: through the blizzard. The soldiers killed around thirty eight people 13 00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:02,080 Speaker 1: that day and even or died of exposure after the 14 00:01:02,080 --> 00:01:06,920 Speaker 1: attacks ended, as they had no homes. The glen Call 15 00:01:07,040 --> 00:01:11,760 Speaker 1: massacre was a terrible outgrowth of the Glorious Revolution in 16 00:01:11,880 --> 00:01:17,440 Speaker 1: Jacobite Rising in Scotland in the late seventeenth century. King 17 00:01:17,520 --> 00:01:20,320 Speaker 1: James the Second of England and the seventh of Scotland 18 00:01:20,760 --> 00:01:25,080 Speaker 1: was Catholic and Protestants weren't so happy when he gave 19 00:01:25,160 --> 00:01:28,840 Speaker 1: birth to his son and heir, James Francis Edward Stewart, 20 00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:31,480 Speaker 1: who was set to be another Catholic in the line 21 00:01:31,520 --> 00:01:37,280 Speaker 1: of succession. Between this and his other perceived wrongs to Protestants, 22 00:01:37,800 --> 00:01:40,119 Speaker 1: he wasn't going to be able to keep his seat 23 00:01:40,120 --> 00:01:44,480 Speaker 1: on the throne much longer. Civil unrest and anti Catholic 24 00:01:44,560 --> 00:01:49,280 Speaker 1: rioting were on the rise, so in sixty eight a 25 00:01:49,320 --> 00:01:52,720 Speaker 1: group of higher ups in England invited William of Orange, 26 00:01:52,880 --> 00:01:58,040 Speaker 1: a Protestant, to take the English throne. James was deposed 27 00:01:58,040 --> 00:02:01,960 Speaker 1: and went into exile, and William and Mary became joint 28 00:02:01,960 --> 00:02:06,800 Speaker 1: monarchs in six eighty nine. But not everybody was cool 29 00:02:06,880 --> 00:02:11,200 Speaker 1: with William and Mary's rain. Some people were still loyal 30 00:02:11,240 --> 00:02:14,120 Speaker 1: to King James the Second and the House of Stuart. 31 00:02:15,680 --> 00:02:18,400 Speaker 1: Those people who supported King James the Second and his 32 00:02:18,440 --> 00:02:21,520 Speaker 1: descendants and wanted the House of Stewart back on the 33 00:02:21,600 --> 00:02:27,800 Speaker 1: throne became known as Jacobites. Obviously, William and Mary weren't 34 00:02:27,840 --> 00:02:31,959 Speaker 1: too keen on people who weren't loyal to them. They 35 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:35,760 Speaker 1: figured that the Jacobites were ticking bombs and they needed 36 00:02:35,800 --> 00:02:40,880 Speaker 1: to do something about them. Since many Scottish clans were 37 00:02:40,960 --> 00:02:44,840 Speaker 1: still loyal to King James, the second. The new government 38 00:02:45,280 --> 00:02:48,840 Speaker 1: tried to get the clans loyalty by offering indemnity to 39 00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:53,000 Speaker 1: all chiefs who signed an oath of allegiance before January 40 00:02:53,080 --> 00:02:58,880 Speaker 1: one six, and if they didn't take the oath well, 41 00:02:59,080 --> 00:03:03,240 Speaker 1: that would forced the government to respond with fire. So 42 00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:08,040 Speaker 1: the chiefs took the oath, but logistically it was difficult 43 00:03:08,120 --> 00:03:11,120 Speaker 1: for them to actually sign the oath because they had 44 00:03:11,160 --> 00:03:14,520 Speaker 1: to have a magistrate or sheriff as witness, and winters 45 00:03:14,520 --> 00:03:19,480 Speaker 1: in Scotland could be cruel. Some clans were also already 46 00:03:19,480 --> 00:03:22,519 Speaker 1: tied up in an oath with James Stewart, so they 47 00:03:22,520 --> 00:03:25,720 Speaker 1: had to wait until mid December to be released from 48 00:03:25,720 --> 00:03:30,840 Speaker 1: that agreement. Alistair McClane, the chief of the McDonald clan, 49 00:03:31,360 --> 00:03:34,280 Speaker 1: was one of many chiefs who didn't make the January 50 00:03:34,320 --> 00:03:39,040 Speaker 1: first deadline. He would have made the deadline, but there 51 00:03:39,120 --> 00:03:41,960 Speaker 1: was no sheriff available to accept his oath at Fort 52 00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:47,360 Speaker 1: William and he had to wait until January six. Either way, 53 00:03:47,680 --> 00:03:51,280 Speaker 1: the other chiefs who missed the deadline were given indemnity, 54 00:03:51,320 --> 00:03:57,920 Speaker 1: but Alistair McClane wasn't. Instead, Scotland's Secretary of State ordered 55 00:03:57,920 --> 00:04:01,520 Speaker 1: the McDonald's to be punished with the utmost extremity of 56 00:04:01,560 --> 00:04:07,240 Speaker 1: the law. Soldiers in Archibald Campbell's Argyle Regiment were sent 57 00:04:07,320 --> 00:04:11,520 Speaker 1: to slaughter the McDonald's, but they didn't show up with 58 00:04:11,600 --> 00:04:16,120 Speaker 1: guns blazing. The soldiers arrived at the McDonald's homes in 59 00:04:16,240 --> 00:04:20,560 Speaker 1: Glenco in early February, asking if they could stay there 60 00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:25,560 Speaker 1: because Fort William was full. The McDonald's agreed to quarter 61 00:04:25,720 --> 00:04:29,560 Speaker 1: them as was customary, and the soldiers stayed in the 62 00:04:29,600 --> 00:04:35,359 Speaker 1: McDonald's homes for twelve days. But on February, as the 63 00:04:35,360 --> 00:04:39,599 Speaker 1: blizzard raged through Glenco, the soldiers began killing their hosts 64 00:04:39,880 --> 00:04:44,159 Speaker 1: and destroying property, committing the massacre they had been ordered 65 00:04:44,160 --> 00:04:48,520 Speaker 1: to carry out. The Campbell's, who were rival clan of 66 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:51,800 Speaker 1: the McDonald's, made up a lot of the soldiers, and 67 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:54,599 Speaker 1: the Campbells have said that they were responsible for the 68 00:04:54,640 --> 00:04:58,320 Speaker 1: atrocities that day, but it's been said that some of 69 00:04:58,360 --> 00:05:01,320 Speaker 1: the Campbell's soldiers may have told their hosts what was 70 00:05:01,360 --> 00:05:06,960 Speaker 1: about to happen, and years later the Scottish Parliament declared 71 00:05:07,000 --> 00:05:13,760 Speaker 1: the massacre slaughter under trust. I'm Eaves, Jeffcote, and hopefully 72 00:05:13,839 --> 00:05:16,800 Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you 73 00:05:16,839 --> 00:05:21,080 Speaker 1: did yesterday. If you like to know more about the 74 00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:25,279 Speaker 1: Glencoe massacre and other tidbits from history. Listen to the 75 00:05:25,320 --> 00:05:28,440 Speaker 1: episode of Stuff you Missed in History class called six 76 00:05:28,480 --> 00:05:39,520 Speaker 1: Impossible Episodes. By request, We'll see you tomorrow. Hey, y'all, 77 00:05:39,560 --> 00:05:43,320 Speaker 1: I'm Eves. Welcome to this Day in History Class, a 78 00:05:43,400 --> 00:05:46,360 Speaker 1: show where we one day ship nuggets of history straight 79 00:05:46,400 --> 00:05:55,359 Speaker 1: to your brain through your ear hole. The day was 80 00:05:55,400 --> 00:06:00,160 Speaker 1: February eighteen seventy nine Indian poet and act of this 81 00:06:00,640 --> 00:06:05,400 Speaker 1: Saraginie Naidou was born. Naidoo was also the first Indian 82 00:06:05,440 --> 00:06:09,000 Speaker 1: woman to be President of the Indian National Congress. Her 83 00:06:09,040 --> 00:06:13,560 Speaker 1: poetry earned her the nickname the Nightingale of India. Naidou 84 00:06:13,640 --> 00:06:17,120 Speaker 1: was born in Hyderabad, India. Her mother was a poet 85 00:06:17,160 --> 00:06:21,120 Speaker 1: and her father was a scientist and philosopher. She was 86 00:06:21,160 --> 00:06:24,120 Speaker 1: the oldest of eight children, and some of her siblings 87 00:06:24,120 --> 00:06:28,200 Speaker 1: were activists and poets. Naidoo spoke several languages and she 88 00:06:28,279 --> 00:06:32,440 Speaker 1: began writing poetry at an early age. She began attending 89 00:06:32,560 --> 00:06:37,360 Speaker 1: Madras University at age twelve. Several years later, she moved 90 00:06:37,400 --> 00:06:41,359 Speaker 1: to England to study at King's College and Girton College. There, 91 00:06:41,440 --> 00:06:45,719 Speaker 1: she became involved in the campaign for women's suffrage. When 92 00:06:45,720 --> 00:06:49,280 Speaker 1: she returned to India in eighteen, she married a non 93 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:52,640 Speaker 1: Brahmin doctor. Though he was from a different cast, the 94 00:06:52,720 --> 00:06:57,040 Speaker 1: families approved of the marriage. The couple eventually had several 95 00:06:57,120 --> 00:07:01,800 Speaker 1: children together. Her first collection of poems, The Golden Threshold, 96 00:07:02,120 --> 00:07:05,359 Speaker 1: was published in nineteen o five. That same year, the 97 00:07:05,400 --> 00:07:10,640 Speaker 1: British partitioned Bengal, which separated the majority Muslim eastern areas 98 00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:15,520 Speaker 1: from the largely Hindu western areas. Having gained an interest 99 00:07:15,560 --> 00:07:19,440 Speaker 1: in politics through her experiences in England, Naidu turned her 100 00:07:19,480 --> 00:07:24,040 Speaker 1: attention to the Indian National Congress and Gandhi's Non Cooperation Movement. 101 00:07:25,120 --> 00:07:28,080 Speaker 1: The Indian National Congress is a political party that formed 102 00:07:28,080 --> 00:07:31,080 Speaker 1: in eighteen eighty five and was at the forefront of 103 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:35,760 Speaker 1: the Indian independence movement. The Non Cooperation movement was a 104 00:07:35,840 --> 00:07:39,120 Speaker 1: non violent effort to get the British government to grant 105 00:07:39,160 --> 00:07:44,040 Speaker 1: self governance to India. Naido joined the Indian National Congress 106 00:07:44,080 --> 00:07:48,080 Speaker 1: in nineteen o five. She traveled around India speaking about 107 00:07:48,120 --> 00:07:53,640 Speaker 1: women's education, helping impoverished people in nationalism. She met with 108 00:07:53,800 --> 00:07:59,000 Speaker 1: social and political leaders and artists like Gopol, Christiana Gokleikur 109 00:07:59,400 --> 00:08:05,120 Speaker 1: and Sarah Devitdrani. In nineteen seventeen, Naidoo helped found the 110 00:08:05,120 --> 00:08:10,280 Speaker 1: Women's Indian Association along with Annie Bessent, Margaret Cousins, and others. 111 00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:14,000 Speaker 1: In the following years, she continued to argue for women's 112 00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:17,520 Speaker 1: suffrage and speak out against issues like child marriage and 113 00:08:17,600 --> 00:08:21,080 Speaker 1: sati when Hindu widows would earn themselves to death on 114 00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:26,920 Speaker 1: their deceased husband's funeral pires Naido also joined Gandhi's Satya 115 00:08:26,960 --> 00:08:32,560 Speaker 1: Graha movement, one of non violent resistance. In nineteen she 116 00:08:32,640 --> 00:08:36,360 Speaker 1: became the first Indian woman to lead the Indian National Congress. 117 00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:40,719 Speaker 1: Naidoo was jailed a few times for her anti British activities, 118 00:08:40,960 --> 00:08:44,959 Speaker 1: including for manufacturing salt and for her involvement in the 119 00:08:45,040 --> 00:08:48,600 Speaker 1: Quit India movement, which advocated for an end to British 120 00:08:48,679 --> 00:08:52,840 Speaker 1: rule in India. India gained independence from Britain in nineteen 121 00:08:52,880 --> 00:08:56,600 Speaker 1: forty seven. That year, she became the first governor of 122 00:08:56,760 --> 00:09:01,760 Speaker 1: Uttar Pradesh, then called the United Provinces. Throughout her life, 123 00:09:01,840 --> 00:09:06,079 Speaker 1: nad continued to write poetry and incorporated it into her speeches. 124 00:09:06,800 --> 00:09:10,559 Speaker 1: Some of her other published poetry collections include The Bird 125 00:09:10,640 --> 00:09:14,240 Speaker 1: of Time and The Broken Wing. Some of her poems 126 00:09:14,240 --> 00:09:18,680 Speaker 1: were published posthumously. Her poetry is known for being lyrical, 127 00:09:18,840 --> 00:09:23,320 Speaker 1: with rich imagery, conveying messages of love, belonging, and separation. 128 00:09:24,280 --> 00:09:28,480 Speaker 1: She died in nineteen forty nine in Utar, Pradesh. I'm 129 00:09:28,480 --> 00:09:30,679 Speaker 1: Eve Jeff Cote and hopefully you know a little more 130 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:34,320 Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. If you have 131 00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:38,200 Speaker 1: any insight on an accent or pronunciation spoken in the 132 00:09:38,240 --> 00:09:41,040 Speaker 1: show today, you can feel free to send us a 133 00:09:41,160 --> 00:09:45,640 Speaker 1: kind note on social media at t d I h 134 00:09:45,800 --> 00:09:49,880 Speaker 1: C podcast, or if you are so inclined, you can 135 00:09:49,920 --> 00:09:53,560 Speaker 1: send us a message at this day at I heart 136 00:09:53,720 --> 00:09:57,160 Speaker 1: media dot com. Thanks again for listening. We'll see the 137 00:09:57,280 --> 00:10:06,280 Speaker 1: same place tomorrow. M M. For more podcasts from My 138 00:10:06,320 --> 00:10:09,000 Speaker 1: Heart Radio, visit the I heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, 139 00:10:09,040 --> 00:10:10,800 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.