1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:27,440 Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of I Heart Radio. Welcome 2 00:00:27,480 --> 00:00:30,680 Speaker 1: to the show Ridiculous Historians. As always, thank you so 3 00:00:30,760 --> 00:00:34,680 Speaker 1: much for tuning in. I'm Ben. The quick disclaimer at 4 00:00:34,720 --> 00:00:38,120 Speaker 1: the top before you our opening thing. Uh, this episode 5 00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:43,040 Speaker 1: there's a little racy, isn't it. No? Yeah, not racist, 6 00:00:43,240 --> 00:00:48,760 Speaker 1: mind you slaceous? Perhaps not for the Littles. You ever 7 00:00:48,800 --> 00:00:50,840 Speaker 1: heard kids referred to as the Littles? I think that's 8 00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:53,199 Speaker 1: really cute. I have. I thought there was a children's 9 00:00:53,240 --> 00:00:55,560 Speaker 1: book called the Little but there was. Are they like 10 00:00:55,640 --> 00:00:59,160 Speaker 1: the Borrowers? Because I know they're sort of like small rodent. No, 11 00:00:59,360 --> 00:01:01,280 Speaker 1: it don't look like with the size of like mice 12 00:01:01,320 --> 00:01:03,880 Speaker 1: and they live in the walls. That might be the Borrowers. 13 00:01:03,880 --> 00:01:06,320 Speaker 1: The Littles is very similar to that, possibly a rip 14 00:01:06,319 --> 00:01:10,800 Speaker 1: off of the intellectual property. It's a series of children's novels. Uh, 15 00:01:10,840 --> 00:01:14,399 Speaker 1: and I'm surely they're little. Well anyway, someone tell us 16 00:01:14,440 --> 00:01:17,800 Speaker 1: about that later. This is a very different episode from 17 00:01:18,840 --> 00:01:23,039 Speaker 1: The Littles. Uh. This is this does have some stuff 18 00:01:23,080 --> 00:01:26,319 Speaker 1: that uh may not be the best for the youngest 19 00:01:26,400 --> 00:01:29,240 Speaker 1: tykes and tots in the crowd, but we think it's 20 00:01:29,280 --> 00:01:33,640 Speaker 1: an amazing interesting story and it is very much related 21 00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:39,320 Speaker 1: to our self imposed Halloween theme and uh, that's our 22 00:01:39,319 --> 00:01:44,080 Speaker 1: super producer, Casey Pegram Casey. Do we tell you what 23 00:01:44,120 --> 00:01:45,720 Speaker 1: this one is about or if you just heard us 24 00:01:45,720 --> 00:01:48,200 Speaker 1: throw the headline around? Yeah, I have no idea what 25 00:01:48,240 --> 00:01:50,440 Speaker 1: this is about, and I'm very, very interested to see 26 00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:54,200 Speaker 1: what deliciousness so waits. Yeah, I'm I'm excited to get 27 00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:56,440 Speaker 1: into it. You're still, though, Ben, if I'm not, even 28 00:01:56,480 --> 00:01:59,880 Speaker 1: during Halloween, even during these spooky times, you remain Ben. 29 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:03,240 Speaker 1: I'm often called that. Yeah, and you're you're You're still 30 00:02:03,280 --> 00:02:06,160 Speaker 1: You're still know maybe we should, maybe we should spice 31 00:02:06,240 --> 00:02:10,000 Speaker 1: up some of our Zoom Recordings costumes one day, I've 32 00:02:10,040 --> 00:02:12,320 Speaker 1: got Oh, that's a great idea. Or maybe just trade 33 00:02:12,440 --> 00:02:16,080 Speaker 1: names or give each other spooky nicknames. I like that, 34 00:02:16,160 --> 00:02:20,400 Speaker 1: like the Simpsons, right, they just the guest Trioso Horrors 35 00:02:21,040 --> 00:02:24,799 Speaker 1: James hell Bro love that. I would want something spookier 36 00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:28,120 Speaker 1: than my old go to alias, which is Max Powers 37 00:02:28,360 --> 00:02:33,760 Speaker 1: Comma astronaut with a secret us. It's a good one. 38 00:02:33,800 --> 00:02:36,960 Speaker 1: It's mysterious. I don't really understand it. I want to 39 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:39,000 Speaker 1: know what your secret is. What is this secret? I 40 00:02:39,000 --> 00:02:41,080 Speaker 1: don't know. I didn't get that far with the backstory 41 00:02:41,160 --> 00:02:43,160 Speaker 1: I just liked it. There can I sing a little tune. 42 00:02:43,200 --> 00:02:45,440 Speaker 1: Let's just sort of sets the tone for today's episode. 43 00:02:46,120 --> 00:02:50,600 Speaker 1: All right, or you really got me? Now you really okay, 44 00:02:50,639 --> 00:02:53,200 Speaker 1: get it? Or got or you really got this's just 45 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:55,640 Speaker 1: never okay. Actually I was gonna take it further, but 46 00:02:55,800 --> 00:02:57,960 Speaker 1: that's as far as I got. But yeah, today's episode 47 00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:03,000 Speaker 1: is about something called er got or ergottis um, yes, 48 00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:10,839 Speaker 1: a for er gotten part of uh of intense folklore speculation. Uh. 49 00:03:10,960 --> 00:03:16,200 Speaker 1: So we're all familiar in the West with the concept 50 00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:19,960 Speaker 1: of the quintessential, which you know, you've got the peaked hat, 51 00:03:20,480 --> 00:03:25,240 Speaker 1: You've usually got some like black clothing, and you've got 52 00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:29,120 Speaker 1: like familiars, you've got a cauldron slathered in liquefied baby 53 00:03:29,320 --> 00:03:33,720 Speaker 1: potentially possibly yes, but one of the main things people 54 00:03:33,919 --> 00:03:37,800 Speaker 1: remember when they think of the stereotypical, which is, uh, 55 00:03:37,840 --> 00:03:42,680 Speaker 1: someone cackling and riding a broomstick into the night. Uh. 56 00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:46,560 Speaker 1: This is uh, this is our episode where we look 57 00:03:46,600 --> 00:03:52,760 Speaker 1: at some pretty fascinating speculation about how this image came 58 00:03:52,840 --> 00:03:55,840 Speaker 1: to be and and maybe to start, we go to 59 00:03:55,920 --> 00:03:59,240 Speaker 1: bread like a Vintage News had a great article on this. 60 00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:02,040 Speaker 1: There was a real, a real entry point for us 61 00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:05,880 Speaker 1: in Europe during the Middle Ages and through the Renaissance, 62 00:04:06,640 --> 00:04:12,400 Speaker 1: bread was made from something called rye, and Uh, depending 63 00:04:12,480 --> 00:04:16,279 Speaker 1: on the conditions that the rye goes through, it can 64 00:04:16,279 --> 00:04:19,520 Speaker 1: be a host for something. You know, you just mentioned 65 00:04:20,279 --> 00:04:23,960 Speaker 1: a particular type of fungus called ergot that grows on 66 00:04:24,080 --> 00:04:26,840 Speaker 1: rye when the weather is damp. That's right. You can 67 00:04:26,839 --> 00:04:30,080 Speaker 1: also make whiskey out of rye, which is which would 68 00:04:30,200 --> 00:04:32,040 Speaker 1: I don't know if I'm gonna have tocase a lot 69 00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:34,120 Speaker 1: of calories and bread, so I like fre to get 70 00:04:34,120 --> 00:04:37,039 Speaker 1: my I like to drink my calories. Um, you know 71 00:04:37,080 --> 00:04:39,960 Speaker 1: what that sounds like. I'm a real lush but I just, 72 00:04:40,160 --> 00:04:41,800 Speaker 1: you know, I want to get a little more bang 73 00:04:41,880 --> 00:04:44,320 Speaker 1: from my buck. I can go with like a lettuce 74 00:04:44,360 --> 00:04:48,040 Speaker 1: wrap or something instead of a big old rye bread sandwich. 75 00:04:48,120 --> 00:04:51,240 Speaker 1: But it is delicious stuff. And that is the stuff 76 00:04:51,279 --> 00:04:54,800 Speaker 1: from whence it comes And you're absolutely right, ben Uh. 77 00:04:54,960 --> 00:04:59,680 Speaker 1: It can develop a very specific fungus that has hallucinogenic 78 00:04:59,760 --> 00:05:04,360 Speaker 1: P parties M very similar to what you would experience 79 00:05:04,480 --> 00:05:08,680 Speaker 1: with LSD. It actually has one of the components of 80 00:05:08,839 --> 00:05:14,279 Speaker 1: LSD in this fungus that's known as ergot. Yeah, LSD itself. 81 00:05:14,600 --> 00:05:18,320 Speaker 1: It can be derivative of ergot. So here's the thing. 82 00:05:18,440 --> 00:05:20,960 Speaker 1: Here's why you don't see the bad kids and all 83 00:05:21,040 --> 00:05:26,560 Speaker 1: those uh school p s a s selling ergot. Ergot 84 00:05:26,760 --> 00:05:29,920 Speaker 1: is not like a fun thing to take the way 85 00:05:29,960 --> 00:05:32,640 Speaker 1: that the bad kids of p s A. Say marijuana 86 00:05:32,720 --> 00:05:38,720 Speaker 1: is or something. When you consume ergot orally, you can 87 00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:42,200 Speaker 1: get hallucinations, of course, but you can also get some 88 00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:45,720 Speaker 1: really nasty side effects. Your stomach will turn, you'll be 89 00:05:45,839 --> 00:05:51,279 Speaker 1: vomiting forcibly, you'll get rashes. It's just not a good 90 00:05:51,279 --> 00:05:53,359 Speaker 1: look and it's not a good time, you know how. 91 00:05:53,440 --> 00:05:55,960 Speaker 1: My favorite after school special was the one where the 92 00:05:56,080 --> 00:06:00,400 Speaker 1: kid just eight like all the nutmeg and an effort 93 00:06:00,480 --> 00:06:02,680 Speaker 1: to try to trip on nutmeg, and then you just 94 00:06:02,800 --> 00:06:08,520 Speaker 1: ended up like choking the death on nutmeg powder. Exactly. No, 95 00:06:08,800 --> 00:06:10,520 Speaker 1: I wish they had made that. I want to make 96 00:06:10,560 --> 00:06:13,560 Speaker 1: that as a sketch. That'd be funny. But no, you're 97 00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:17,240 Speaker 1: absolutely right, Ben. It was kind of one of those 98 00:06:17,279 --> 00:06:20,760 Speaker 1: situations where it's like all about the dose, and like 99 00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:23,719 Speaker 1: you said, it high doses, it could absolutely be fatal, 100 00:06:23,760 --> 00:06:27,000 Speaker 1: but if you took just the right amount, you could 101 00:06:27,040 --> 00:06:31,960 Speaker 1: experience this more psychotropic effects. And this was actually, you know, 102 00:06:31,960 --> 00:06:33,839 Speaker 1: in the same way. We always talk about who's the 103 00:06:33,839 --> 00:06:36,640 Speaker 1: first person that figured out you could trip on mushrooms 104 00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:39,400 Speaker 1: or even the mushrooms tasted good in a stew, or 105 00:06:39,440 --> 00:06:41,880 Speaker 1: like that ate an oyster or something, or how to 106 00:06:41,960 --> 00:06:44,920 Speaker 1: make heroin. That's crazy, and it is a weird one, man, 107 00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:46,920 Speaker 1: It is a weird way. You got these beautiful flowers 108 00:06:47,080 --> 00:06:48,640 Speaker 1: and then you feel like if you figure out how 109 00:06:48,640 --> 00:06:51,520 Speaker 1: to squeeze this juice from him, cut it and you 110 00:06:51,680 --> 00:06:54,039 Speaker 1: wait and then you dry it. And not that we 111 00:06:54,279 --> 00:06:55,839 Speaker 1: know how to do this, but it's true. It takes 112 00:06:55,880 --> 00:06:58,160 Speaker 1: a lot of trial and error someone in vinces spoon, 113 00:06:58,640 --> 00:07:01,080 Speaker 1: a lot of refinement to the process. But it all 114 00:07:01,120 --> 00:07:03,839 Speaker 1: starts with someone realizing that the thing can do a thing, 115 00:07:04,120 --> 00:07:05,479 Speaker 1: and then we got to figure out how the best 116 00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:08,120 Speaker 1: way to extract that good thing from that thing is. 117 00:07:08,440 --> 00:07:11,400 Speaker 1: I'm sorry, I know that was a lot, but it's true. 118 00:07:11,680 --> 00:07:15,600 Speaker 1: We had these essentially like bootleg pharmacists or these kind 119 00:07:15,600 --> 00:07:19,080 Speaker 1: of like naturalists that would figure out how to extract 120 00:07:19,160 --> 00:07:24,600 Speaker 1: these effects from this ergot. Uh. They actually figured out 121 00:07:24,640 --> 00:07:28,440 Speaker 1: how to make um kind of a solution or or 122 00:07:28,480 --> 00:07:32,880 Speaker 1: a bomb um. They discovered that the key was letting 123 00:07:32,920 --> 00:07:36,760 Speaker 1: the ergot absorb into your skin on the best parts 124 00:07:37,200 --> 00:07:40,120 Speaker 1: of the body to you know, absorb things through would 125 00:07:40,160 --> 00:07:44,080 Speaker 1: be sweat glands and your armpits. Uh. And according to 126 00:07:44,080 --> 00:07:49,440 Speaker 1: this uh fantastic alice obscure article, your mucus membranes um 127 00:07:49,560 --> 00:07:53,960 Speaker 1: or your nether regions um. You ever accidentally put icy 128 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,640 Speaker 1: hot on your butt. It's not a good no, but 129 00:07:57,680 --> 00:08:04,280 Speaker 1: it's it's a it's an because the we when we 130 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:08,440 Speaker 1: think of mucus membranes, we think all of the mouth generally, right, 131 00:08:08,560 --> 00:08:12,559 Speaker 1: and and the nasal passages. But mucus membranes are also 132 00:08:12,920 --> 00:08:16,560 Speaker 1: in your Australia. It's just part of the basic human 133 00:08:16,640 --> 00:08:20,560 Speaker 1: design we all come without as a factory sett Are 134 00:08:20,560 --> 00:08:23,680 Speaker 1: you familiar with the term boofing ben? I am, yeah, 135 00:08:23,720 --> 00:08:27,840 Speaker 1: because of Justice Kavanaugh. So that's right, because he accidentally 136 00:08:27,840 --> 00:08:29,400 Speaker 1: said it and then he said, oh, that was just 137 00:08:29,440 --> 00:08:31,920 Speaker 1: a joker. He was referred to drinking beer. But it is, 138 00:08:32,360 --> 00:08:35,600 Speaker 1: it's right. The the what's the word? The tissue I 139 00:08:35,640 --> 00:08:38,880 Speaker 1: guess in the anus is very porous in the same 140 00:08:38,920 --> 00:08:42,720 Speaker 1: way and very absorptive. So people actually can take drugs 141 00:08:42,760 --> 00:08:46,720 Speaker 1: by sticking them up there Australia or drink beer through 142 00:08:46,800 --> 00:08:49,640 Speaker 1: their Australia, which also figured into an episode we did 143 00:08:50,559 --> 00:08:53,640 Speaker 1: somewhere on the lines about butt chugging and I think 144 00:08:53,679 --> 00:08:56,880 Speaker 1: we uh did a Miller Light ad and that's where 145 00:08:56,880 --> 00:08:59,840 Speaker 1: you came up with the brilliant slogan Miller Light good 146 00:08:59,840 --> 00:09:01,960 Speaker 1: and have to drink with your mouth to beer so 147 00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:04,240 Speaker 1: good you can drink it with your mouth, which not 148 00:09:04,400 --> 00:09:08,280 Speaker 1: just good enough so good a capital days. That was 149 00:09:08,360 --> 00:09:10,440 Speaker 1: exactly I was that the show that was this show, 150 00:09:10,480 --> 00:09:13,840 Speaker 1: wasn't it? It was a a show that the three 151 00:09:13,880 --> 00:09:17,240 Speaker 1: of us do a ton of shows, and we we 152 00:09:18,320 --> 00:09:20,520 Speaker 1: rarely talk about them. Maybe we should talk about the 153 00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:22,760 Speaker 1: more I know when there's don't want you to know. Oh, 154 00:09:22,800 --> 00:09:26,800 Speaker 1: but one quick, uh strange fact. But we're on the subject. Butts, 155 00:09:26,960 --> 00:09:30,880 Speaker 1: here's another butt fact. That mucus membrane stuff we talked about. 156 00:09:31,440 --> 00:09:36,559 Speaker 1: That's why you can have burning sensations or painful sensations 157 00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:40,640 Speaker 1: on the other side of eating a lot of spicy food. Ah, 158 00:09:40,679 --> 00:09:43,000 Speaker 1: that does make sense. And it's also wife a little 159 00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:45,200 Speaker 1: that I see hot migrates a little too far down 160 00:09:45,240 --> 00:09:51,559 Speaker 1: into Australia. That can be a very unpleasant, uh sensation. Indeed, Okay, 161 00:09:51,600 --> 00:09:55,000 Speaker 1: I'm fine, I'm fine, Thank you. For asking. But no, 162 00:09:55,240 --> 00:09:57,640 Speaker 1: this this is the thing that that they really again 163 00:09:57,720 --> 00:10:00,439 Speaker 1: through trial and error, realizing we're the best places to 164 00:10:00,559 --> 00:10:04,840 Speaker 1: absorb this psychedelic or goot bomb um, that was certainly 165 00:10:04,840 --> 00:10:09,120 Speaker 1: added to the list, and these uh poultices, let's say, 166 00:10:09,400 --> 00:10:18,480 Speaker 1: started being labeled as witches bruise. There's one thing that 167 00:10:18,600 --> 00:10:21,600 Speaker 1: we have to unpack here for anybody who's a fan 168 00:10:21,800 --> 00:10:26,800 Speaker 1: of the fantastic horror film The Witch, The Witch, however 169 00:10:26,800 --> 00:10:30,320 Speaker 1: you want to pronounce it. Uh, this is something that's 170 00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:33,520 Speaker 1: alluded to in the film when the when the crops 171 00:10:33,640 --> 00:10:37,040 Speaker 1: go bad. Uh, it's not quite accurate because I think 172 00:10:37,080 --> 00:10:40,000 Speaker 1: it's corn that goes bad, so it would be something 173 00:10:40,080 --> 00:10:44,319 Speaker 1: different from ergot there. But but you're right, Uh, these 174 00:10:44,360 --> 00:10:51,400 Speaker 1: witches bruise, these ergot infused salves, poultices or bombs. They 175 00:10:51,440 --> 00:10:55,240 Speaker 1: they had to be delivered with maximum effectiveness. Again, you 176 00:10:55,280 --> 00:10:58,440 Speaker 1: couldn't ingest them orally. It would make you. It will 177 00:10:58,480 --> 00:11:01,920 Speaker 1: probably make you sick, you might convulse. It was just unpleasant. 178 00:11:02,480 --> 00:11:05,000 Speaker 1: So you had to find a way to hopefully with 179 00:11:05,080 --> 00:11:08,760 Speaker 1: the least amount of mess, get the drugs into your system. 180 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:13,200 Speaker 1: And that's why a lot of people think the broom 181 00:11:13,440 --> 00:11:17,160 Speaker 1: came into play, which is a little bit of foreshadow. 182 00:11:17,360 --> 00:11:21,000 Speaker 1: Wait a minute, so like they would use the broom, 183 00:11:21,040 --> 00:11:24,719 Speaker 1: just put the drugs in their butts. That's I mean, 184 00:11:24,760 --> 00:11:26,839 Speaker 1: that's that's the lead. Yeah, we don't want to sweep 185 00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:29,680 Speaker 1: it under the cauldron, but that's that's where we're at. 186 00:11:30,640 --> 00:11:34,440 Speaker 1: We know that this is for Anny fans of this 187 00:11:34,520 --> 00:11:38,080 Speaker 1: kind of folklore, very weird to describe people's fans of this, 188 00:11:38,160 --> 00:11:41,280 Speaker 1: but Frenny fans of like the Salem Witch Trials. Your 189 00:11:41,400 --> 00:11:44,280 Speaker 1: your spider sense should have gone off when we talked 190 00:11:44,320 --> 00:11:47,760 Speaker 1: about ergot poisoning, because it turns out that is one 191 00:11:47,800 --> 00:11:54,719 Speaker 1: of the proposed explanations for the panic, the mass hysteria 192 00:11:54,840 --> 00:11:57,599 Speaker 1: it's called that broke out during the Salem Witch Trials. 193 00:11:57,600 --> 00:12:02,720 Speaker 1: That's absolutely right, and um, again, excellent reference to one 194 00:12:02,760 --> 00:12:06,240 Speaker 1: of my favorite Halloween movies movies period, The Witch. Um, 195 00:12:06,280 --> 00:12:09,160 Speaker 1: it's just a quick shot of these kind of uh 196 00:12:09,360 --> 00:12:12,160 Speaker 1: corrupted crops, but I think it's almost meant to be 197 00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:15,120 Speaker 1: more symbolic than it is, Like, oh, they were definitely 198 00:12:15,200 --> 00:12:18,080 Speaker 1: tripping from ergot poisoning because in that movie you do 199 00:12:18,200 --> 00:12:21,120 Speaker 1: see the Witch, which is the Witch is really the 200 00:12:21,160 --> 00:12:24,480 Speaker 1: Witch is seen beyond just a manifestation of these you know, 201 00:12:24,600 --> 00:12:29,720 Speaker 1: slowly being driven insane characters. You you exist with the 202 00:12:29,760 --> 00:12:32,600 Speaker 1: Witch separate from all of them. So it's I mean, casey, 203 00:12:32,640 --> 00:12:35,120 Speaker 1: I wonder if do you think that that's the case 204 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:38,120 Speaker 1: or it is there room for interpretation that there might 205 00:12:38,120 --> 00:12:40,480 Speaker 1: have been some hallucination involved. I mean there there could 206 00:12:40,520 --> 00:12:42,679 Speaker 1: still be hallucination, but I think the Witch is definitely 207 00:12:42,760 --> 00:12:44,839 Speaker 1: established as real because, like you said, you have those 208 00:12:44,880 --> 00:12:46,720 Speaker 1: scenes where it is just the witch or the witch 209 00:12:46,720 --> 00:12:49,959 Speaker 1: and the baby or um when she's walking through the woods. 210 00:12:49,960 --> 00:12:52,000 Speaker 1: I think there's also like the shot of the witch 211 00:12:52,120 --> 00:12:55,360 Speaker 1: kind of in a younger form that kind of you know, 212 00:12:55,520 --> 00:12:58,040 Speaker 1: invites the boy into the house and all that. So yeah, yeah, 213 00:12:58,040 --> 00:13:01,400 Speaker 1: there's no observer that could be stating. So I think 214 00:13:01,440 --> 00:13:05,640 Speaker 1: it skips the Hawthorn esque did this really happen nature 215 00:13:05,679 --> 00:13:08,240 Speaker 1: of stuff like the scarlet letter, that that which is real? 216 00:13:08,679 --> 00:13:10,880 Speaker 1: She got the baby. I love that though, that that 217 00:13:10,960 --> 00:13:13,280 Speaker 1: actually I really appreciated that about it. But I also 218 00:13:13,320 --> 00:13:15,960 Speaker 1: appreciated the reference and just the sort of nod to 219 00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:18,280 Speaker 1: what we're talking about, because you're right, the Salem witch 220 00:13:18,280 --> 00:13:20,800 Speaker 1: Trials were an event that that we were all pretty 221 00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:23,960 Speaker 1: familiar with. I think if not through history through the 222 00:13:23,960 --> 00:13:26,400 Speaker 1: play The Crucible and which I think a lot of 223 00:13:26,440 --> 00:13:28,439 Speaker 1: us had to read in high school or even middle 224 00:13:28,440 --> 00:13:30,960 Speaker 1: school possibly. Um. But it you know, it was an 225 00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:35,240 Speaker 1: event that took place in Salem where several young women 226 00:13:35,920 --> 00:13:42,000 Speaker 1: accused Tituba the I believe she was from the Bahamas 227 00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:45,600 Speaker 1: or somewhere some island region or like somewhere we're were 228 00:13:45,640 --> 00:13:48,160 Speaker 1: like voodoo was a thing, and they accused her of 229 00:13:48,200 --> 00:13:52,320 Speaker 1: witchcraft and it created this hysteria, and a lot of 230 00:13:52,320 --> 00:13:55,000 Speaker 1: it was kind of written up as you know, these 231 00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:57,040 Speaker 1: girls kind of looking for attention, some of the same 232 00:13:57,080 --> 00:13:58,360 Speaker 1: things we talked about. So I don't want you to 233 00:13:58,440 --> 00:14:01,080 Speaker 1: know about possession stories. They're about kind of like ghost 234 00:14:01,080 --> 00:14:04,680 Speaker 1: stories with younger children. Um. But one of the theories 235 00:14:04,800 --> 00:14:08,000 Speaker 1: of the hysteria came from the fact that it spread 236 00:14:08,400 --> 00:14:14,600 Speaker 1: came from a collective potential ergot um infestation or rather, 237 00:14:15,120 --> 00:14:18,079 Speaker 1: uh poisoning or got poisoning, because it'll, you know, as 238 00:14:18,080 --> 00:14:19,800 Speaker 1: a certain doses, it'll just kind of make you like 239 00:14:19,920 --> 00:14:24,240 Speaker 1: lose all sense of objectivity. Yeah, and you know, we 240 00:14:24,280 --> 00:14:28,360 Speaker 1: have to be very cognizant of the fact that these 241 00:14:28,400 --> 00:14:32,320 Speaker 1: people were isolated, they were already living a very difficult 242 00:14:32,600 --> 00:14:37,400 Speaker 1: and at times terrified life in in this part of 243 00:14:37,400 --> 00:14:41,840 Speaker 1: the world, in in Salem, and essentially what happened is 244 00:14:41,960 --> 00:14:44,440 Speaker 1: they did have a village doctor's name was William Griggs, 245 00:14:44,640 --> 00:14:49,720 Speaker 1: and he was called to check on two kids, Betty 246 00:14:49,800 --> 00:14:54,120 Speaker 1: Paris and Abigail Williams, when they were exhibiting strange behavior 247 00:14:54,400 --> 00:15:00,320 Speaker 1: and convulsing and being learned medical man of his day, 248 00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:03,360 Speaker 1: William Griggs took one look at him and said, they've 249 00:15:03,360 --> 00:15:06,520 Speaker 1: been bewitched. That was his official diagnosis. You could get 250 00:15:06,520 --> 00:15:09,440 Speaker 1: away with saying stuff like that as a doctor in 251 00:15:09,520 --> 00:15:12,280 Speaker 1: the late sixteen hundreds. And then as you said, no, 252 00:15:12,840 --> 00:15:19,080 Speaker 1: other townspeople began showing similar symptoms. And that's when that's 253 00:15:19,120 --> 00:15:22,680 Speaker 1: when the pointer fingers started fly and people were accused, 254 00:15:22,760 --> 00:15:25,480 Speaker 1: you know what I mean, like uh, Instead of like 255 00:15:25,760 --> 00:15:28,440 Speaker 1: you're out of order, you're out of order, this courts 256 00:15:28,440 --> 00:15:31,400 Speaker 1: out of order, they were like, you're bewitched. You're bewitched. 257 00:15:31,440 --> 00:15:35,400 Speaker 1: This town is bewitched, and uh, I don't know. It 258 00:15:35,480 --> 00:15:39,720 Speaker 1: was that hilarious, were vaguely emotional. But anyway, fast forward. 259 00:15:39,760 --> 00:15:42,320 Speaker 1: By the time the trials were over just a year later, 260 00:15:42,400 --> 00:15:49,160 Speaker 1: sixte uh nineteen people have been executed by hanging. One 261 00:15:49,240 --> 00:15:55,600 Speaker 1: person got crushed by stones. Yeah, and she's Caribbean, by 262 00:15:55,600 --> 00:15:58,720 Speaker 1: the way, she was Caribbean suspected to be from Barbados, Right, 263 00:15:58,920 --> 00:16:01,800 Speaker 1: that's exactly right. Yes, who was the first woman they 264 00:16:01,840 --> 00:16:05,440 Speaker 1: accused of this? And then of course it it blew 265 00:16:05,520 --> 00:16:08,960 Speaker 1: up and ballooned out of control. And and another feature 266 00:16:09,040 --> 00:16:14,080 Speaker 1: of ergot poisoning is convulsive fits and that also could 267 00:16:14,080 --> 00:16:16,680 Speaker 1: have attributed to some of the behavior that led folks 268 00:16:16,720 --> 00:16:20,240 Speaker 1: to believe that the young girls had been quote unquote 269 00:16:20,280 --> 00:16:23,880 Speaker 1: bewitched as well. Oh and uh, I want to finish 270 00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:27,520 Speaker 1: mentioning the fatalities. Four people died in prison before they 271 00:16:27,520 --> 00:16:31,680 Speaker 1: were able to be executed. So that's uh twenty four 272 00:16:31,720 --> 00:16:34,800 Speaker 1: people in all. All of those who died accused of 273 00:16:34,840 --> 00:16:39,880 Speaker 1: being witches. And even now we're still asking exactly what happened. 274 00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:43,640 Speaker 1: There numerous theories on this, but the one we want 275 00:16:43,640 --> 00:16:48,160 Speaker 1: to talk about comes from one doctor Linda Comporeal in 276 00:16:48,520 --> 00:16:54,239 Speaker 1: nine seventy six. She said that maybe all these townspeople 277 00:16:54,360 --> 00:16:59,040 Speaker 1: suffered these brief and intense bouts of illness, uh, not 278 00:16:59,160 --> 00:17:04,399 Speaker 1: because of cult powers, but because of ergotism, which is 279 00:17:04,720 --> 00:17:15,919 Speaker 1: contracted by consuming you know, dirty rye, dirty rye so well, 280 00:17:15,960 --> 00:17:19,960 Speaker 1: it was a little backstory on on corporeal corporeal that's 281 00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:22,600 Speaker 1: an interesting last Day's c A P O R A 282 00:17:22,720 --> 00:17:26,800 Speaker 1: E L capparel. That's what I'm gonna go with. Uh. 283 00:17:26,960 --> 00:17:29,280 Speaker 1: She really when she was in college he started digging 284 00:17:29,280 --> 00:17:31,240 Speaker 1: into this. It was something that fascinated her for a 285 00:17:31,240 --> 00:17:35,360 Speaker 1: long time in the early seventies. She wasn't really aware 286 00:17:36,080 --> 00:17:38,159 Speaker 1: of of this potential connection at all, and she just 287 00:17:38,240 --> 00:17:41,399 Speaker 1: kind of stumbled upon it. She is now currently a 288 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:47,240 Speaker 1: behavioral psychologist at New York's Renstler Polytechnic Institute. But she 289 00:17:47,320 --> 00:17:49,600 Speaker 1: started to see that some of these reports of these 290 00:17:49,640 --> 00:17:53,760 Speaker 1: symptoms by the folks who were accusing everyone and their 291 00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:59,800 Speaker 1: sister's cousins, brother um. It typically involved eight young women 292 00:18:00,440 --> 00:18:05,360 Speaker 1: and uh seemed to have similarities to the hallucinogenic effects 293 00:18:05,359 --> 00:18:11,040 Speaker 1: of drugs like LSD or hallucinogenic mushrooms or something like 294 00:18:11,160 --> 00:18:16,280 Speaker 1: peyote and LSD surprise, surprise, is a derivative of this ergot, 295 00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:19,199 Speaker 1: that fungus that we talked about that affects Rye. And 296 00:18:19,280 --> 00:18:22,320 Speaker 1: she actually was able to kind of cross reference it 297 00:18:22,400 --> 00:18:26,720 Speaker 1: with another very similar affliction in a small French town 298 00:18:27,040 --> 00:18:32,320 Speaker 1: called pont Saint esprit uh in nineteen fifty one. Yeah, 299 00:18:32,520 --> 00:18:37,840 Speaker 1: the Pulse sun spree mass poisoning occurred in August of 300 00:18:37,960 --> 00:18:42,920 Speaker 1: that year. More than two d fifty people were somehow involved, 301 00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:48,120 Speaker 1: h including fifty people who were interned in asylums as 302 00:18:48,160 --> 00:18:53,120 Speaker 1: a result, and seven fatalities. So seven out of two 303 00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:56,400 Speaker 1: d fifty it's still a tragedy, but you know, thankfully 304 00:18:56,440 --> 00:19:00,480 Speaker 1: the majority of people survived. Originally, this is so interesting. 305 00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:02,760 Speaker 1: Originally they thought it was a case of what they 306 00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:07,760 Speaker 1: called cursed bread, and years later, almost a century later, 307 00:19:07,800 --> 00:19:12,400 Speaker 1: now experts agree that it was probably ergot poisoning. You'll 308 00:19:12,400 --> 00:19:15,600 Speaker 1: see some other theories like maybe it was mercury or 309 00:19:15,680 --> 00:19:18,960 Speaker 1: something like that. But if we know what ergo autism does, 310 00:19:19,520 --> 00:19:21,840 Speaker 1: and we know how it presents, then we can build 311 00:19:21,880 --> 00:19:25,080 Speaker 1: a really good case. That's what happened in nineteen fifty one, 312 00:19:25,240 --> 00:19:28,800 Speaker 1: and that's what leads Dr capa Reality to say that 313 00:19:29,040 --> 00:19:34,040 Speaker 1: ergot would be a likely culprit for the events in 314 00:19:34,119 --> 00:19:37,159 Speaker 1: Salem in sixteen nine two. Do we want to talk 315 00:19:37,200 --> 00:19:39,320 Speaker 1: a little bit about the science of the fungus. I 316 00:19:39,359 --> 00:19:41,840 Speaker 1: think we should. It's a little confusing because this whole 317 00:19:41,880 --> 00:19:45,119 Speaker 1: idea of ergot is that the thing is that the 318 00:19:45,160 --> 00:19:48,439 Speaker 1: fungus ergo autism, is that just like the things that 319 00:19:48,760 --> 00:19:51,160 Speaker 1: come from ingesting the fungus. It's a little the con 320 00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:54,000 Speaker 1: turns a little weird, but we can boil it down 321 00:19:54,040 --> 00:19:56,760 Speaker 1: to the fungus. It's called something different. It's called clavis 322 00:19:56,840 --> 00:20:01,280 Speaker 1: steps perperia, and that specifically affects eat and rye and 323 00:20:01,400 --> 00:20:06,720 Speaker 1: other grasses that we would consider in that grain portion 324 00:20:06,920 --> 00:20:10,280 Speaker 1: of the food pyramid um and when it's first effected 325 00:20:10,359 --> 00:20:13,439 Speaker 1: the flower in how you know these are all grasses, 326 00:20:13,480 --> 00:20:15,399 Speaker 1: I mean that stuff. I've actually never really thought of 327 00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:18,000 Speaker 1: it that way, but it's totally true. Grain is a 328 00:20:18,119 --> 00:20:21,640 Speaker 1: sprout at the end of a stalk um. So that's 329 00:20:21,680 --> 00:20:24,880 Speaker 1: what happens to flowers at the top, and it will, 330 00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:30,080 Speaker 1: when infected, shoot out this kind of yellow mucous see 331 00:20:30,119 --> 00:20:35,560 Speaker 1: stuff that's called honey dew. Honey do I just think 332 00:20:35,560 --> 00:20:39,800 Speaker 1: that's a gross pari wordy honey, it's very You're right, 333 00:20:39,840 --> 00:20:43,560 Speaker 1: it does sound very wanton and uh and depraved. I 334 00:20:43,560 --> 00:20:46,120 Speaker 1: don't know why, but there it is. Yeah, And that 335 00:20:46,240 --> 00:20:50,840 Speaker 1: honey view contains these fungal spores um that shoot out 336 00:20:50,880 --> 00:20:54,040 Speaker 1: of the air can become airborne. It spreads the disease Uh, 337 00:20:54,080 --> 00:20:55,800 Speaker 1: so you don't even have to eat the stuff technically, 338 00:20:56,240 --> 00:20:58,640 Speaker 1: although that that would be a truer way to get 339 00:20:58,680 --> 00:21:03,080 Speaker 1: a heroic dose. As a dr hunter, S. Thompson would say, Yeah, 340 00:21:03,080 --> 00:21:07,840 Speaker 1: I think about it like viral load exactly. Yeah, that's 341 00:21:07,880 --> 00:21:10,240 Speaker 1: exactly right. Yep, go right to the source, you're gonna 342 00:21:10,280 --> 00:21:13,560 Speaker 1: get a much heavier load. And then the fungus actually 343 00:21:13,640 --> 00:21:17,440 Speaker 1: invades these kernels of grain that are developing and takes 344 00:21:17,480 --> 00:21:20,119 Speaker 1: them over and starts to kind of set up shop 345 00:21:20,160 --> 00:21:22,959 Speaker 1: with this network of these uh referred to in this 346 00:21:23,080 --> 00:21:26,959 Speaker 1: article that we have from PBS as filaments um, and 347 00:21:27,080 --> 00:21:30,800 Speaker 1: they start to affect the way the grain actually looks. 348 00:21:31,200 --> 00:21:36,520 Speaker 1: They turn it into something called scyrotia, which sounds gross, 349 00:21:37,200 --> 00:21:40,240 Speaker 1: and it has a purple ish kind of black coloring, 350 00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:44,080 Speaker 1: and it would be easy and it doesn't look rotten 351 00:21:44,200 --> 00:21:47,239 Speaker 1: per se. It's just a little oddly colored and so 352 00:21:47,280 --> 00:21:51,840 Speaker 1: you can easily mistake it for uh, just discolored grains 353 00:21:51,840 --> 00:21:54,240 Speaker 1: of rye. It doesn't mean it's bad or it looks 354 00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:57,520 Speaker 1: gross or anything, right, right, Yeah, we've all we've all 355 00:21:57,640 --> 00:22:01,640 Speaker 1: eaten some some produce. It's a little bit suss, as 356 00:22:01,680 --> 00:22:06,560 Speaker 1: the kids say these days. So so let's picture picture 357 00:22:06,840 --> 00:22:14,200 Speaker 1: p O V diving deep into one of these discolored grains. Now, 358 00:22:14,240 --> 00:22:16,359 Speaker 1: as you zoom in, what you're gonna see are a 359 00:22:16,400 --> 00:22:20,360 Speaker 1: couple of things. You're gonna see some regular rye chemicals, right, 360 00:22:20,480 --> 00:22:22,480 Speaker 1: the things that make up what you would eat when 361 00:22:22,480 --> 00:22:24,680 Speaker 1: you eat rye. But then you're also going to see 362 00:22:24,720 --> 00:22:29,280 Speaker 1: some or got alkaloids, including l s D. And I 363 00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:31,160 Speaker 1: want to take a second. I don't know if anyone 364 00:22:31,240 --> 00:22:33,960 Speaker 1: can help me find this. One of my favorite after 365 00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:37,160 Speaker 1: school p s a S was like this weird journey 366 00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:42,640 Speaker 1: where this kid meets these physical embodiments of different drugs. 367 00:22:42,880 --> 00:22:48,280 Speaker 1: This kid meets heroin, and Heroin's like yeah, they meet cocaine, 368 00:22:48,440 --> 00:22:52,679 Speaker 1: and it's I gotta find it. What is LSD? Like 369 00:22:53,240 --> 00:22:56,040 Speaker 1: real weird? I don't remember. That's the thing, man, Like, 370 00:22:56,119 --> 00:22:58,800 Speaker 1: you shouldn't show that to eight year olds. I was 371 00:22:59,080 --> 00:23:01,679 Speaker 1: freaking out, you know, I was just like waiting for 372 00:23:01,720 --> 00:23:03,840 Speaker 1: coffee to show up. I know we've talked about this, 373 00:23:03,920 --> 00:23:07,199 Speaker 1: but you also shouldn't show eight year old giant suitcase 374 00:23:07,240 --> 00:23:11,600 Speaker 1: full of every drug as a cautionary tale, because then 375 00:23:11,640 --> 00:23:13,440 Speaker 1: you're just like, oh, I want to try that one 376 00:23:13,640 --> 00:23:17,000 Speaker 1: and that one and that one looks like candy and 377 00:23:17,080 --> 00:23:20,280 Speaker 1: get my hands on some ludes, you know. Yeah. McGruff 378 00:23:20,320 --> 00:23:24,159 Speaker 1: the crime dog was the one who introduced my middle 379 00:23:24,200 --> 00:23:28,000 Speaker 1: school cohort to all this with the sheriff, who's like, well, 380 00:23:28,000 --> 00:23:32,920 Speaker 1: this is co Kai Lios, there's crack Cookai. Here's how 381 00:23:33,080 --> 00:23:36,960 Speaker 1: they are taken and you ingested by criminals. Now go 382 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:40,320 Speaker 1: ahead and pass that around, Benjamin, pass that around. That's 383 00:23:40,359 --> 00:23:43,800 Speaker 1: the now that's called rock. Alternately, you can't put it 384 00:23:43,880 --> 00:23:46,359 Speaker 1: on the end of a broomstick and stick it up 385 00:23:46,359 --> 00:23:51,080 Speaker 1: your butt if you wish. And then someone's like, that's 386 00:23:51,160 --> 00:23:54,879 Speaker 1: the McGruff is saying that, and they're like, dude, chill, yeah, seriously, 387 00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:59,320 Speaker 1: you have no chill McGuff the old boy. But yes, yes, 388 00:23:59,359 --> 00:24:01,840 Speaker 1: So you see the alkaloids, you see the LSD and 389 00:24:01,880 --> 00:24:05,320 Speaker 1: then um. These alkaloids can also make ergotamine, which is 390 00:24:05,960 --> 00:24:10,520 Speaker 1: a legit legal thing that's now used to treat migraine headaches. 391 00:24:10,880 --> 00:24:16,199 Speaker 1: When you have this stuff in your human system, it 392 00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:20,280 Speaker 1: affects your central nervous system and causes the contraction of 393 00:24:20,320 --> 00:24:22,720 Speaker 1: your smooth muscle. That's the stuff that makes up the 394 00:24:22,760 --> 00:24:25,840 Speaker 1: walls of your veins and your arteries and also your 395 00:24:25,880 --> 00:24:29,560 Speaker 1: internal organs. So it can cause painful stuff. But I 396 00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:33,320 Speaker 1: love what you have pointed out about the the decision 397 00:24:33,400 --> 00:24:37,880 Speaker 1: people made to eat this right. They didn't know what 398 00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:42,240 Speaker 1: we know about chemistry now, so they saw these darker 399 00:24:42,520 --> 00:24:45,560 Speaker 1: shoots on on right, and they said, well, you know, 400 00:24:45,960 --> 00:24:47,760 Speaker 1: maybe it's just been out in the sun and for 401 00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:49,720 Speaker 1: a while. You know, as a matter of fact, we 402 00:24:49,720 --> 00:24:52,320 Speaker 1: should probably eat it now before it goes all the 403 00:24:52,320 --> 00:24:54,879 Speaker 1: way back. That's exactly right. I mean, I'm certainly like 404 00:24:54,920 --> 00:24:57,240 Speaker 1: you said, sus as like as the word, I've been 405 00:24:57,320 --> 00:24:59,359 Speaker 1: really trying to be good about using every bit of 406 00:24:59,400 --> 00:25:01,399 Speaker 1: produce I've I have been bad about in the past, 407 00:25:01,400 --> 00:25:03,439 Speaker 1: and I tried to turn over a new leaf. So 408 00:25:03,480 --> 00:25:06,480 Speaker 1: even if a piece is partially not looking great, I 409 00:25:06,520 --> 00:25:09,520 Speaker 1: might cut that part off or or you know, or 410 00:25:09,560 --> 00:25:11,960 Speaker 1: if I'm making a stew, I'll just roll the dice 411 00:25:12,240 --> 00:25:14,400 Speaker 1: because you're not gonna know if you cut it small 412 00:25:14,480 --> 00:25:16,560 Speaker 1: enough and then you cook it. And I'm not saying 413 00:25:16,560 --> 00:25:19,359 Speaker 1: I would eat something that's completely rotting and disgusting, but 414 00:25:19,440 --> 00:25:21,320 Speaker 1: it might be a little crankily looking or a little 415 00:25:21,359 --> 00:25:23,400 Speaker 1: off color. And I think that's sort of what's going 416 00:25:23,440 --> 00:25:26,239 Speaker 1: on here. It's like these folks couldn't afford to just 417 00:25:26,400 --> 00:25:31,000 Speaker 1: forego their meal because it looked a little funny, right, 418 00:25:31,240 --> 00:25:36,359 Speaker 1: especially when you consider you know, uh in earlier times, 419 00:25:37,080 --> 00:25:41,000 Speaker 1: starvation was a very real and often ever present threat. 420 00:25:41,600 --> 00:25:45,399 Speaker 1: Uh So who were we to throw away the ugly food? 421 00:25:45,600 --> 00:25:49,240 Speaker 1: You know what I mean? This goes into something called 422 00:25:50,720 --> 00:25:55,400 Speaker 1: the cooler name for gutisum Saint Anthony's Fire. How amazing 423 00:25:55,520 --> 00:25:59,919 Speaker 1: is that? Uh? Once you, once you ate this dirty rot, 424 00:26:00,359 --> 00:26:04,160 Speaker 1: which is also, by the way, if you're listening, whiskey makers, 425 00:26:04,200 --> 00:26:07,520 Speaker 1: that is a great name for a brand of liquor. 426 00:26:08,040 --> 00:26:10,800 Speaker 1: Uh So, you know, you eat this dirty rye, you 427 00:26:10,840 --> 00:26:15,800 Speaker 1: get exactly what we described convulsions, muscle spasms, delusions more 428 00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:18,840 Speaker 1: than the average delusions that people have every day. I 429 00:26:18,920 --> 00:26:22,320 Speaker 1: feel like stuffs crawling under your skin. And the worst one, 430 00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:24,840 Speaker 1: the one that always grossed me out the most, is 431 00:26:25,119 --> 00:26:29,879 Speaker 1: you can get gang green in your in your the 432 00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:34,520 Speaker 1: various bits of you that dangle off your torso. I see, Yeah, 433 00:26:34,520 --> 00:26:36,760 Speaker 1: that doesn't sound very pleasant, Ben, But the fun part 434 00:26:36,800 --> 00:26:40,520 Speaker 1: is the hallucinations, nol. That's that's the god. We'd be 435 00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:43,320 Speaker 1: terrible at p S A S. Yeah. But then if 436 00:26:43,359 --> 00:26:45,600 Speaker 1: you're if you're tripping and then you look at your hand. 437 00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:48,600 Speaker 1: Then it looks like it's rotting off your body. That's 438 00:26:48,640 --> 00:26:50,800 Speaker 1: not a good look. You're just your your brain is 439 00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:53,320 Speaker 1: just gonna take that and run with it, and and 440 00:26:53,359 --> 00:26:58,320 Speaker 1: it's gonna be a terrifying bad trip. Um, But I 441 00:26:58,359 --> 00:27:00,679 Speaker 1: don't know. This is very What what happens the next ben? 442 00:27:00,680 --> 00:27:03,520 Speaker 1: Where do we go from here? Well? We uh, we 443 00:27:03,560 --> 00:27:06,280 Speaker 1: have been celebrating a tradition of our own. It seems 444 00:27:06,480 --> 00:27:09,360 Speaker 1: somewhat accidentally. Uh, this is going to be a two 445 00:27:09,440 --> 00:27:14,080 Speaker 1: part episode, No, Casey, there's just so much cool, fascinating 446 00:27:14,200 --> 00:27:17,680 Speaker 1: stuff about the theories behind which is im broomsticks. Right, 447 00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:20,520 Speaker 1: he has a lot, there's a lot. Don't rightly know 448 00:27:20,600 --> 00:27:24,760 Speaker 1: exactly where we split this, uh, afterthought and two parter. 449 00:27:25,040 --> 00:27:27,320 Speaker 1: But there's gonna be more cool stuff in the second part. 450 00:27:27,359 --> 00:27:30,160 Speaker 1: I assure you. Wherever we split it, Casey always picks 451 00:27:30,200 --> 00:27:32,160 Speaker 1: the right spot, just the right spot, don't you, Casey. 452 00:27:32,359 --> 00:27:36,159 Speaker 1: There will be something about children's toys in the second one. Right, 453 00:27:36,320 --> 00:27:40,240 Speaker 1: that's pretty close to the end. Yeah, intense debates about 454 00:27:40,400 --> 00:27:45,280 Speaker 1: candy a candy consortie. But we we, of course trust 455 00:27:45,880 --> 00:27:50,080 Speaker 1: trust super producer Casey pegram. Casey, You're like a dowser 456 00:27:50,520 --> 00:27:53,520 Speaker 1: for the right moment in podcast. I don't know how 457 00:27:53,560 --> 00:27:55,320 Speaker 1: you do it, but every time I know about you 458 00:27:55,320 --> 00:27:58,240 Speaker 1: know that, every time I listen, I'm always like, Wow, 459 00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:00,560 Speaker 1: how did Casey find the perfect moment here? I don't 460 00:28:00,560 --> 00:28:03,199 Speaker 1: want to hype you up too much, but this, this 461 00:28:03,240 --> 00:28:06,080 Speaker 1: has been a wild ride. It's just gonna get crazier. 462 00:28:06,160 --> 00:28:10,240 Speaker 1: Thank you as always to Jonathan Strickland, a k a. 463 00:28:10,359 --> 00:28:14,040 Speaker 1: The Quister, our number one Warlock. Thanks to Gabe Luzier 464 00:28:14,280 --> 00:28:19,080 Speaker 1: for this awesome research assistance. Thanks to Alex Williams who 465 00:28:19,119 --> 00:28:22,040 Speaker 1: composed our soundtrack. You know, I bet he would do 466 00:28:22,040 --> 00:28:24,280 Speaker 1: a Halloween one for us if we asked them. Yeah, 467 00:28:24,320 --> 00:28:27,040 Speaker 1: it already has some kind of halloweeny overtones now that 468 00:28:27,080 --> 00:28:29,560 Speaker 1: I'm thinking about it, as it's got some witchy, spooky vibes. 469 00:28:30,080 --> 00:28:33,080 Speaker 1: Um huge. Thanks to Chris frostiotis here in spirit. You 470 00:28:33,119 --> 00:28:36,040 Speaker 1: already thank Jonathan, But it's Halloween, so let's thank that 471 00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:39,480 Speaker 1: goouless creature yet again because he deserves it. We'll see 472 00:28:39,480 --> 00:28:49,960 Speaker 1: you next night, Fox. For more podcasts for my Heart Radio, 473 00:28:50,080 --> 00:28:52,680 Speaker 1: visit the I Heart Radio app, Apple podcast, or wherever 474 00:28:52,840 --> 00:28:54,400 Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows.