1 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:06,680 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from how Stuff 2 00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:14,040 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to stuff to Blow your Mind. 3 00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:16,360 Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb, and I'm Julie Douglas. And 4 00:00:16,440 --> 00:00:21,759 Speaker 1: you know what's making a comeback, Julie m m Jean shorts. Well, yes, 5 00:00:22,440 --> 00:00:25,360 Speaker 1: but what else? Asid washed geen shorts. Yes, asid washed 6 00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:29,640 Speaker 1: gean shorts. But what else? The wooly mammoth? Possibly? Okay, 7 00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:32,120 Speaker 1: all right, that's good. That's good news. Well is it? 8 00:00:32,479 --> 00:00:34,640 Speaker 1: I don't know. Well, I just have this menagerae of 9 00:00:34,680 --> 00:00:36,800 Speaker 1: animals in my backyard and that would be great to 10 00:00:37,040 --> 00:00:40,000 Speaker 1: add the wooly mammoth too, Oh yes, yeah, with the 11 00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:43,120 Speaker 1: Dodo bird two would be pretty great too, yeah. Or 12 00:00:43,159 --> 00:00:46,519 Speaker 1: the Neandertal, our old friend, Oh yeah, Neider Tall of 13 00:00:46,600 --> 00:00:49,440 Speaker 1: the awesome Roman around. Yeah. It seems like if you, 14 00:00:49,640 --> 00:00:53,280 Speaker 1: if you pay any attention to the science news, there 15 00:00:53,400 --> 00:00:55,680 Speaker 1: are all these stories coming down the pike pretty regularly, 16 00:00:55,680 --> 00:00:58,360 Speaker 1: and it's always, let's bring We're bringing back the Neandertal. 17 00:00:58,360 --> 00:01:02,120 Speaker 1: Wooly mammoth's coming. We're going to clone them, clone them up, 18 00:01:02,800 --> 00:01:05,360 Speaker 1: fill our backyards with them, put them on display, study 19 00:01:05,360 --> 00:01:07,920 Speaker 1: of them, and everyone gets really excited about it because 20 00:01:07,920 --> 00:01:12,080 Speaker 1: it is a fantastic idea. Here's this extinct creature that 21 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:16,200 Speaker 1: we all grew up looking at in picture books and 22 00:01:16,319 --> 00:01:20,319 Speaker 1: uh and suddenly it might actually be around us very 23 00:01:20,319 --> 00:01:22,959 Speaker 1: own Jurassic Park, so to speak, exactly the Jurassic Park 24 00:01:23,040 --> 00:01:26,240 Speaker 1: factor without the dinosaurs. Yeah, and people get pretty up 25 00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:29,000 Speaker 1: in arms about it. Actually, Yes, so we're gonna talk 26 00:01:29,000 --> 00:01:32,240 Speaker 1: about that today. Um, but also talking about like maybe 27 00:01:32,280 --> 00:01:34,440 Speaker 1: how they shouldn't get so up in arms, but that 28 00:01:34,520 --> 00:01:37,280 Speaker 1: there is a possibility that the wooly mammoth could be 29 00:01:37,319 --> 00:01:42,760 Speaker 1: coming to a backyard near you pretty soon. Yes, yeah, um, 30 00:01:42,760 --> 00:01:46,679 Speaker 1: and we have the Genome Project to thank for that. Yeah. 31 00:01:46,760 --> 00:01:50,600 Speaker 1: And this is all about just just just meticulously mapping, um, 32 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:54,840 Speaker 1: the genomic structure behind basically the recipe for the mammoth 33 00:01:55,440 --> 00:01:57,440 Speaker 1: in the same way that we've we've taken the human 34 00:01:57,480 --> 00:02:00,080 Speaker 1: genome and and looked at that, in the same that 35 00:02:00,200 --> 00:02:03,160 Speaker 1: we the way that we event analyze the Neanderthal genome 36 00:02:03,640 --> 00:02:06,520 Speaker 1: and uh and in various either there's like the canine 37 00:02:06,760 --> 00:02:11,160 Speaker 1: Genome project, there's a uh, there's also the that the 38 00:02:11,160 --> 00:02:15,160 Speaker 1: one related to two chimps. I mean that it's all 39 00:02:15,160 --> 00:02:18,160 Speaker 1: about taking these species and just understanding them at very 40 00:02:18,240 --> 00:02:21,560 Speaker 1: small levels and very detailed levels, right, and just to 41 00:02:21,600 --> 00:02:24,079 Speaker 1: get you know, a little bit more specific about it, 42 00:02:24,160 --> 00:02:27,160 Speaker 1: where he has a handle on the Human Genome Project, 43 00:02:27,280 --> 00:02:30,480 Speaker 1: which really helped to drive a lot of what astrobiology 44 00:02:30,600 --> 00:02:33,600 Speaker 1: is doing these days. So the Genome Project, what it 45 00:02:33,800 --> 00:02:36,320 Speaker 1: meant to do is to basically take the complete string 46 00:02:36,360 --> 00:02:40,799 Speaker 1: of nucleotide letters that make up the DNA sequence in ourselves, um, 47 00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:43,519 Speaker 1: which is referred to as the genome. And this DNA 48 00:02:43,639 --> 00:02:47,360 Speaker 1: sequence contained in a genome contains the complete code that 49 00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:50,600 Speaker 1: determines which genes and proteins will be present in human cells. 50 00:02:50,639 --> 00:02:53,200 Speaker 1: Basically what sort of attributes we have that are going 51 00:02:53,280 --> 00:02:56,400 Speaker 1: to turn on and off, right. Um. So that project 52 00:02:56,440 --> 00:02:59,440 Speaker 1: started in the nineties and it ended about two thousand 53 00:02:59,440 --> 00:03:01,520 Speaker 1: and one. And so you do see this field of 54 00:03:01,560 --> 00:03:06,800 Speaker 1: astrobiology really benefiting from this, and paleontologists in particular really 55 00:03:06,840 --> 00:03:09,720 Speaker 1: saying okay, now now we can take all these different 56 00:03:09,800 --> 00:03:12,840 Speaker 1: cells that we have, you know, we've thought this trilobyte sample, 57 00:03:13,400 --> 00:03:16,120 Speaker 1: and we can try to map this on other organisms, 58 00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:19,920 Speaker 1: you know, just from really simple life forms to like 59 00:03:19,960 --> 00:03:23,840 Speaker 1: you said that the humans, um, the human humans and 60 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:26,359 Speaker 1: the inner tools um. So it's brought us to this 61 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:31,160 Speaker 1: present point where we have this Jurassic Park like possibility 62 00:03:31,240 --> 00:03:34,720 Speaker 1: looming ahead of us. Yeah, the Jurassic Park factor is 63 00:03:34,760 --> 00:03:38,000 Speaker 1: pretty big here. Um. And on one hand, I do 64 00:03:38,080 --> 00:03:40,000 Speaker 1: have to point out Jurassic Park, the movie, the book, 65 00:03:40,040 --> 00:03:43,840 Speaker 1: both of those. The big draw there was was the 66 00:03:43,880 --> 00:03:45,480 Speaker 1: fact that people were going through this park and seeing 67 00:03:45,520 --> 00:03:48,760 Speaker 1: these animals. Then the chaos happens by necessity, since it's 68 00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:50,720 Speaker 1: you know, it's a fiction, it's a novel, it's a thriller. 69 00:03:51,120 --> 00:03:53,320 Speaker 1: But with both of them, like when I watched them 70 00:03:53,320 --> 00:03:55,400 Speaker 1: and read them as a as a kid, I didn't 71 00:03:55,400 --> 00:03:57,200 Speaker 1: want anything bad to go wrong. I was like, let's 72 00:03:57,280 --> 00:04:00,520 Speaker 1: let's just continue this ride. This sounds like a great place, right. Uh. 73 00:04:00,560 --> 00:04:04,000 Speaker 1: And they they've introduced a number of of scientific ideas, 74 00:04:04,360 --> 00:04:07,480 Speaker 1: So I mean, this was not Carnossaur. This was Jurassic Park. 75 00:04:07,560 --> 00:04:10,440 Speaker 1: This was you know, Michael Crichton, So there was there. 76 00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:13,120 Speaker 1: He put a great deal of scientific thought into this. 77 00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:16,480 Speaker 1: One was looking at actual actual research. But still it 78 00:04:16,760 --> 00:04:21,520 Speaker 1: paints a very optimistic picture of what bringing back an 79 00:04:21,520 --> 00:04:25,400 Speaker 1: extinct animal would be like. Um. Like, basically, as I recall, 80 00:04:25,560 --> 00:04:28,760 Speaker 1: they uh, they weren't able to they were able to 81 00:04:28,800 --> 00:04:34,240 Speaker 1: extract DNA from blood in a mosquito that is preserved 82 00:04:34,240 --> 00:04:38,560 Speaker 1: in amber. Now, of course DNA degrades over time, so 83 00:04:38,680 --> 00:04:40,400 Speaker 1: you would have to fill in the blanks. And this 84 00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:43,640 Speaker 1: is a sixty five year old, million million old sample 85 00:04:43,680 --> 00:04:46,960 Speaker 1: that we're talking ancient, ancient, and so it's pretty incomplete 86 00:04:46,960 --> 00:04:50,080 Speaker 1: in terms of having a good specimen to work with. Yeah, 87 00:04:50,080 --> 00:04:54,000 Speaker 1: it's like having like, imagine the most waterlogged, raggedy um 88 00:04:54,160 --> 00:04:58,000 Speaker 1: copy of The Great Gatsby. Imaginable, it's been in your 89 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:01,640 Speaker 1: grandparents basement and a waterlog Great, you get it out 90 00:05:01,640 --> 00:05:03,520 Speaker 1: and you go to read it. Most of the words, 91 00:05:03,760 --> 00:05:06,320 Speaker 1: most of the letters are just completely illegible. Whole chapters 92 00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:08,880 Speaker 1: are missing. So you fill in the gaps, right, you 93 00:05:08,880 --> 00:05:12,040 Speaker 1: think the characters Daisy fuentas. Yeah, and you you might 94 00:05:12,040 --> 00:05:14,000 Speaker 1: look at to look to more recent books and say, well, 95 00:05:14,120 --> 00:05:16,000 Speaker 1: here's a book that was you know, obviously this is 96 00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:19,359 Speaker 1: influenced by the Great Gatsby. Let me just fill in 97 00:05:19,360 --> 00:05:23,560 Speaker 1: the blanks with that, and uh in doing in doing 98 00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:25,840 Speaker 1: that with within this book. Example, Sure, you could you 99 00:05:25,880 --> 00:05:28,920 Speaker 1: could put together a book, uh and that you could 100 00:05:28,920 --> 00:05:31,440 Speaker 1: probably read. It would probably makes sense, but it wouldn't 101 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:35,560 Speaker 1: really be the Great Gatsby. So that's what the whole 102 00:05:35,600 --> 00:05:37,560 Speaker 1: Jurrassic Park thing was. Well, let's go to amphiby ends. 103 00:05:37,560 --> 00:05:40,880 Speaker 1: We're gonna fill in the blanks. We're gonna somehow get 104 00:05:40,880 --> 00:05:44,159 Speaker 1: this a genetic material into an egg. I don't remember 105 00:05:44,200 --> 00:05:46,760 Speaker 1: the detail on how they got the eggs, because, as 106 00:05:46,800 --> 00:05:50,360 Speaker 1: we'll discuss, that's a big thing once you know, how 107 00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:52,560 Speaker 1: are you where are you going to grow this? Um? 108 00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:55,000 Speaker 1: And uh And then they were, you know, they were 109 00:05:55,040 --> 00:05:59,800 Speaker 1: hatching these things dinosaurs everywhere, et cetera. Yeah. Well, and 110 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:03,080 Speaker 1: in the case of the mammoth creation project, which sort 111 00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:05,960 Speaker 1: of takes off that same idea. Um, you know, of 112 00:06:05,960 --> 00:06:07,760 Speaker 1: course we've got the mammoth which have been extinct for 113 00:06:07,760 --> 00:06:11,000 Speaker 1: ten years, but we do have frozen mammoths. We have 114 00:06:11,279 --> 00:06:15,080 Speaker 1: exactly from the Russian permafrost. So these are well preserved, 115 00:06:15,400 --> 00:06:19,280 Speaker 1: far far better preserved preserved than you'll find any kind 116 00:06:19,320 --> 00:06:22,120 Speaker 1: of dinosaur remains. Um, you know, much more recent, much 117 00:06:22,240 --> 00:06:24,960 Speaker 1: much better material to work with, which gives us that promise. 118 00:06:25,200 --> 00:06:29,159 Speaker 1: Right and Professor Akira Irtani in Japan has been working 119 00:06:29,200 --> 00:06:31,880 Speaker 1: on bringing back the Wooly for about thirteen years, and 120 00:06:32,279 --> 00:06:35,480 Speaker 1: once Wooly Mammoth's yesterday Yeah, he does. He does, and 121 00:06:35,560 --> 00:06:39,120 Speaker 1: he's uh, I don't really know what his exact intentions are, 122 00:06:39,120 --> 00:06:41,520 Speaker 1: it's hard to say, but he does have a sort 123 00:06:41,520 --> 00:06:43,520 Speaker 1: of line of logic and saying, well, you know, humans 124 00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:47,400 Speaker 1: might have been responsible for um, for them going extinct, 125 00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:50,520 Speaker 1: so we have to pay them back by resurrecting them, 126 00:06:50,560 --> 00:06:53,200 Speaker 1: which sounds just like really like a bad version of 127 00:06:53,240 --> 00:06:56,960 Speaker 1: pet cemetery to me. Yeah, indeed, I had to look 128 00:06:57,040 --> 00:06:58,880 Speaker 1: up pet cemetery again when we were talking about it, 129 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:03,160 Speaker 1: just to mind every been Stephen King novel Pets Die 130 00:07:03,200 --> 00:07:05,640 Speaker 1: see Barium in the Indian burial ground news a wind 131 00:07:05,640 --> 00:07:07,839 Speaker 1: to go or something, and they come back to life 132 00:07:07,920 --> 00:07:10,880 Speaker 1: and they're they're not right, and they're potentially evil. And 133 00:07:11,160 --> 00:07:13,040 Speaker 1: this is where we have the quote sometimes dead is 134 00:07:13,080 --> 00:07:15,760 Speaker 1: better and another great quote that I got off good Reads. 135 00:07:16,120 --> 00:07:18,560 Speaker 1: What's been tried once has been tried once before and 136 00:07:18,640 --> 00:07:21,720 Speaker 1: before and before, so I need to read it again. 137 00:07:21,760 --> 00:07:24,280 Speaker 1: It was really disturbing book. Yeah, and it also flies 138 00:07:24,320 --> 00:07:26,760 Speaker 1: in the face of like Stephen Jay gold Gold, Who's 139 00:07:26,960 --> 00:07:29,840 Speaker 1: who's saying, like, you know what, all all of what 140 00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:33,240 Speaker 1: is happening in the genes and an evolution is by 141 00:07:33,360 --> 00:07:37,160 Speaker 1: chance essentially um not necessarily by chance, but survival of 142 00:07:37,200 --> 00:07:40,200 Speaker 1: the fattest um and all these different conditions. You can't 143 00:07:40,320 --> 00:07:42,880 Speaker 1: recreate this. So it's definitely flying in the face of 144 00:07:42,920 --> 00:07:47,080 Speaker 1: what we've thought about what evolution is. Yeah, and it's 145 00:07:47,320 --> 00:07:49,200 Speaker 1: all I mean, I don't know how much we want 146 00:07:49,200 --> 00:07:51,040 Speaker 1: to get into it at this point, but just the 147 00:07:51,080 --> 00:07:53,880 Speaker 1: idea of of bringing back wooly mammoth's in an age 148 00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:57,680 Speaker 1: where we don't really have room for elephants anymore. You know. 149 00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:01,360 Speaker 1: It's like the the elephants of their territory greatly reduce 150 00:08:01,440 --> 00:08:03,680 Speaker 1: their animals that basically need like a large portion of 151 00:08:03,680 --> 00:08:06,360 Speaker 1: a continent to roam around on, and they're even in 152 00:08:06,400 --> 00:08:10,160 Speaker 1: the best of situations, they're they're greatly confined. Their numbers 153 00:08:10,160 --> 00:08:13,760 Speaker 1: are often really endangered. Yeah, I mean we've seen examples 154 00:08:13,760 --> 00:08:16,600 Speaker 1: of like marauding gangs of them invading villages and it's 155 00:08:16,600 --> 00:08:18,840 Speaker 1: a territorial thing. They're not looking for beer as as 156 00:08:19,240 --> 00:08:22,480 Speaker 1: we might have previously thought. Yeah, and so suddenly we're like, oh, 157 00:08:22,560 --> 00:08:24,120 Speaker 1: let's bring some moy mamoths back to It's kind of 158 00:08:24,120 --> 00:08:27,000 Speaker 1: like you if you encounter like that family member who 159 00:08:27,040 --> 00:08:29,720 Speaker 1: who has like a perfectly good car that is that 160 00:08:30,400 --> 00:08:32,319 Speaker 1: needs some attention. And then then suddenly they were like, 161 00:08:32,360 --> 00:08:34,679 Speaker 1: I'm going to restore this, uh, you know, nineteen fifties. 162 00:08:34,720 --> 00:08:36,640 Speaker 1: What have you like pay attention to that? You don't. 163 00:08:36,679 --> 00:08:38,000 Speaker 1: You can't even take care of this car. Why what 164 00:08:38,040 --> 00:08:40,480 Speaker 1: are you gonna get this one for? You're not even 165 00:08:40,520 --> 00:08:43,280 Speaker 1: taking good care of the elephants we have, right, so 166 00:08:43,520 --> 00:08:47,080 Speaker 1: why are you bothering with the mammoth? Well, and this 167 00:08:47,200 --> 00:08:52,160 Speaker 1: is the problem, right because professor a cure Tommy, he is, 168 00:08:52,400 --> 00:08:54,720 Speaker 1: he's doing this, right, he's his His idea is to 169 00:08:54,760 --> 00:08:57,160 Speaker 1: remove the nucleus from an egg cell of an elephant 170 00:08:57,160 --> 00:08:59,400 Speaker 1: and replace it with DNA from a frozen wooly mammoth 171 00:08:59,400 --> 00:09:03,040 Speaker 1: like you mentioned. Huh, and so this could theoretically create 172 00:09:03,080 --> 00:09:06,760 Speaker 1: an embryo which would be implanted into an elephant uterus. Yeah. 173 00:09:06,760 --> 00:09:09,520 Speaker 1: This is another really key advantage of cloning the wooly 174 00:09:09,600 --> 00:09:13,000 Speaker 1: mammot is that it has a very close relative still 175 00:09:13,040 --> 00:09:16,520 Speaker 1: alive and driving today, despite our best efforts to make 176 00:09:16,559 --> 00:09:19,319 Speaker 1: an extend. Actually they're divergent species, right, yeah, yeah, so 177 00:09:19,640 --> 00:09:23,240 Speaker 1: much closer relative. Whereas a dinosaur. You know, good luck, 178 00:09:23,559 --> 00:09:26,200 Speaker 1: you know, getting a chicken to lay a dinosaur egg, 179 00:09:26,240 --> 00:09:28,839 Speaker 1: and you know it's there's just a lot a lot 180 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:32,280 Speaker 1: more distance there between the the thing we're trying to 181 00:09:32,320 --> 00:09:34,960 Speaker 1: clone in the more recent model, right, And so I 182 00:09:35,000 --> 00:09:38,600 Speaker 1: mean a cur aritany is really he's making steps towards us, 183 00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:40,120 Speaker 1: and he feels like he'll be able to do this 184 00:09:40,280 --> 00:09:42,680 Speaker 1: in the next five years. And many people in the 185 00:09:42,720 --> 00:09:45,960 Speaker 1: science community and helieve well, no, they believe that it 186 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:47,680 Speaker 1: can happen. And sort of people are on the on 187 00:09:47,720 --> 00:09:49,839 Speaker 1: different sides of the front. Some sometimes justs are like, Yeah, 188 00:09:49,880 --> 00:09:51,559 Speaker 1: that's great, that's awesome, we should do that. We should 189 00:09:51,600 --> 00:09:54,959 Speaker 1: we can study this like we've got the closest living 190 00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:59,280 Speaker 1: relative living right now, and if we resurrect this ancient creature, 191 00:09:59,400 --> 00:10:01,360 Speaker 1: then we can study them side by side and learn 192 00:10:01,440 --> 00:10:04,040 Speaker 1: maybe a little bit more about life, you know, back 193 00:10:04,040 --> 00:10:07,640 Speaker 1: in the day um, and other people are saying, well, 194 00:10:07,760 --> 00:10:11,240 Speaker 1: that's not really necessary. Um. But in the meantime, there's 195 00:10:11,840 --> 00:10:16,080 Speaker 1: something called Pisascene Park and there's a man named Sergey 196 00:10:16,160 --> 00:10:20,000 Speaker 1: Zimov who's a conservationist who runs the park, and he's 197 00:10:20,040 --> 00:10:23,600 Speaker 1: actually trying to recreate the natural habitat that existed in 198 00:10:23,640 --> 00:10:27,080 Speaker 1: the area ten thousand years ago by reintroducing animals that 199 00:10:27,120 --> 00:10:31,520 Speaker 1: were indigenous to that area, including reindeer, wild horses, and bison. 200 00:10:31,679 --> 00:10:34,439 Speaker 1: And he says, my responsibility is to prepare the mammoth 201 00:10:34,480 --> 00:10:38,720 Speaker 1: ecosystem a landscape typical for the mammoth. Therefore, if some 202 00:10:38,880 --> 00:10:42,840 Speaker 1: crazy people have found enough money and they revived the mammoth, 203 00:10:42,960 --> 00:10:44,760 Speaker 1: we will be ready. You know. He has he has 204 00:10:44,760 --> 00:10:49,040 Speaker 1: a letter room to throw crazy does what I thought too. 205 00:10:49,040 --> 00:10:51,160 Speaker 1: I was like, oh, yeah, they're they're the crazy people. 206 00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:53,760 Speaker 1: And and again it comes down to like, let's why 207 00:10:53,800 --> 00:10:56,760 Speaker 1: why maybe he should help focus our energy and preserving 208 00:10:56,800 --> 00:11:01,400 Speaker 1: existing environments that are vanishing and disappearing rather than ones 209 00:11:01,480 --> 00:11:04,560 Speaker 1: that are long gone right, right, And actually there's a 210 00:11:04,559 --> 00:11:08,720 Speaker 1: man named Adrian Lister. He's a paleontologist and in London, 211 00:11:08,760 --> 00:11:12,040 Speaker 1: I believe, and he says that it's natural habitat of 212 00:11:12,080 --> 00:11:14,880 Speaker 1: the mammoth has more or less disappeared. That's probably why 213 00:11:14,920 --> 00:11:17,560 Speaker 1: it went extinct extinct in the first place, many thousands 214 00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:19,960 Speaker 1: of years ago, because the kind of grassland habitat of 215 00:11:19,960 --> 00:11:23,200 Speaker 1: the far North that it formerly lived in doesn't exist anymore, 216 00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:25,880 Speaker 1: so you would have to keep it in captivity. Yeah. 217 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:27,400 Speaker 1: It's kind of like if someone was like, we're going 218 00:11:27,440 --> 00:11:29,880 Speaker 1: to bring Ragtime back, and you'd be like, well, good 219 00:11:29,960 --> 00:11:31,880 Speaker 1: luck finding a market for that. That's why it's not 220 00:11:31,920 --> 00:11:34,839 Speaker 1: around anymore, because nobody wants it. Oh no, I'd listened 221 00:11:34,840 --> 00:11:38,040 Speaker 1: to some ragtime. A few people will listen to some ragtime, 222 00:11:38,040 --> 00:11:40,080 Speaker 1: but I don't see it. You know, shot popping up 223 00:11:40,080 --> 00:11:42,200 Speaker 1: on the top four you like me? Some tinny piano 224 00:11:42,320 --> 00:11:49,760 Speaker 1: ever went in a while. This presentation is brought to 225 00:11:49,760 --> 00:11:57,640 Speaker 1: you by Intel, sponsors of tomorrow. But again, you know, 226 00:11:57,760 --> 00:12:00,720 Speaker 1: the only mammoth has huge potential here in scientists in 227 00:12:00,720 --> 00:12:03,800 Speaker 1: two thousand and eight have already sequenced the wooly mammoth 228 00:12:03,840 --> 00:12:07,800 Speaker 1: genome so um. What was cool about that part of 229 00:12:07,840 --> 00:12:09,600 Speaker 1: it is that they were able to find out more 230 00:12:09,640 --> 00:12:13,440 Speaker 1: about the wooly mammoth's um with their environment might have 231 00:12:13,480 --> 00:12:16,120 Speaker 1: been like, and why they went extinct. So here's here's 232 00:12:16,160 --> 00:12:18,520 Speaker 1: the other side of the fence where people are saying, yes, 233 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:21,880 Speaker 1: let's pursue this path, not necessarily resurrect them, but let's, 234 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:24,560 Speaker 1: you know, map the genome and let's find out more 235 00:12:24,679 --> 00:12:30,320 Speaker 1: about the circumstances. Because ultimately, astrobiologists want to get to 236 00:12:30,400 --> 00:12:34,079 Speaker 1: the down to the brass tacks here of life as 237 00:12:34,080 --> 00:12:37,760 Speaker 1: it originated, as it survived, as it when extinct in 238 00:12:37,920 --> 00:12:40,720 Speaker 1: how that implicates our universe, not just our Earth. Are 239 00:12:40,720 --> 00:12:44,120 Speaker 1: there space mammoths maybe there could be, could be? Yeah, 240 00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:46,280 Speaker 1: they're out fair right now, little helmets on. Well, the 241 00:12:46,280 --> 00:12:48,720 Speaker 1: other thing that I like about like speaking of it 242 00:12:48,760 --> 00:12:52,280 Speaker 1: in terms of not necessarily putting putting the genetic material 243 00:12:52,400 --> 00:12:55,120 Speaker 1: into the living packet arm and having it to give 244 00:12:55,200 --> 00:12:58,960 Speaker 1: birth to holy math. Because our cloning technology continues to advance, 245 00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:01,560 Speaker 1: but it's not perfect yet. I mean, we're we're it 246 00:13:01,720 --> 00:13:05,640 Speaker 1: still has has very high percentage levels of failure. Um 247 00:13:05,679 --> 00:13:08,360 Speaker 1: The embryos are often either not suitable from planning into 248 00:13:08,360 --> 00:13:11,720 Speaker 1: the fetus or they die sometime during gestation or shortly 249 00:13:11,760 --> 00:13:16,480 Speaker 1: after birth. So I like elephants, and you know, I'm 250 00:13:16,559 --> 00:13:20,479 Speaker 1: not really crazy about the idea of let's let's impregnate 251 00:13:20,520 --> 00:13:23,920 Speaker 1: this artificially impregnate this elephant with some offspring that is 252 00:13:25,240 --> 00:13:28,440 Speaker 1: arguably doomed to die. You know, I have to say 253 00:13:28,440 --> 00:13:31,880 Speaker 1: that when I worked at the zoo, or worked at 254 00:13:31,920 --> 00:13:35,920 Speaker 1: a zoo, I should say, the zoo views you in 255 00:13:35,960 --> 00:13:38,680 Speaker 1: the world a zoo. I would have these nightmares every 256 00:13:38,679 --> 00:13:42,040 Speaker 1: once while, and they always involved elephants, and it was 257 00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:44,600 Speaker 1: like messages from the elephants saying like, you gotta get 258 00:13:44,679 --> 00:13:47,400 Speaker 1: us out of here, or we're going to just run 259 00:13:47,480 --> 00:13:50,800 Speaker 1: wild and uh, you know, run over all the monkeys 260 00:13:50,840 --> 00:13:53,679 Speaker 1: and the small children. Um. But it was always like that. 261 00:13:53,760 --> 00:13:56,720 Speaker 1: In fact, Steven Tyler once showed up in the dream 262 00:13:56,920 --> 00:14:01,160 Speaker 1: riding the horse, like the horse excuse me, and there's odds, yeah, 263 00:14:01,240 --> 00:14:03,640 Speaker 1: riding the elephant out of the zoo. So yes, I 264 00:14:03,679 --> 00:14:06,160 Speaker 1: mean I feel, you know, at least if I haven't 265 00:14:06,160 --> 00:14:09,760 Speaker 1: thought about it consciously, subconsciously, it does seem like there's 266 00:14:09,800 --> 00:14:12,080 Speaker 1: for me at least a problem with that scenario of 267 00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:16,959 Speaker 1: resurrectoring the wooly mammoth because you hate just for our pleasure. No, no, 268 00:14:17,200 --> 00:14:19,600 Speaker 1: I hear them. No, I like them. I like him. 269 00:14:20,080 --> 00:14:22,600 Speaker 1: That's how I felt that I was sort of connecting 270 00:14:22,600 --> 00:14:25,200 Speaker 1: to them in that vel. So it's like, let's create 271 00:14:25,280 --> 00:14:27,640 Speaker 1: this animal and then put in a zoo or a 272 00:14:27,720 --> 00:14:33,440 Speaker 1: lab or some crazy dudes recreation of his reindeer infested 273 00:14:33,480 --> 00:14:36,720 Speaker 1: recreation of prehistoric times. Yeah, I don't. I don't really 274 00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:38,480 Speaker 1: know how that would go down. Is what I'm saying 275 00:14:38,600 --> 00:14:40,880 Speaker 1: is is that these elephants were sending me messages when 276 00:14:40,920 --> 00:14:43,360 Speaker 1: I worked at the zoo and telling me do not 277 00:14:43,400 --> 00:14:46,720 Speaker 1: put Steven Tyler on my back, um, and do not 278 00:14:46,840 --> 00:14:51,080 Speaker 1: make my ancestor the wooly mammoth do the same. Yeah, 279 00:14:51,560 --> 00:14:53,560 Speaker 1: well they traveling and the monkeys, though the monkeys probably 280 00:14:53,600 --> 00:14:57,120 Speaker 1: had it coming. Yeah, a quick plug for an upcoming 281 00:14:57,120 --> 00:15:01,480 Speaker 1: Discovery show and let's Discovery BBC product. But Human Planet 282 00:15:02,120 --> 00:15:06,360 Speaker 1: about all these like amazing things that indigenous groups and 283 00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:11,120 Speaker 1: tribes continued to perform in the world. One of them. Uh, 284 00:15:11,360 --> 00:15:14,680 Speaker 1: one of the sequences shows this, uh, this tribesman who's 285 00:15:14,720 --> 00:15:16,800 Speaker 1: like taking out he's a farmer, not a farmer, he's 286 00:15:16,840 --> 00:15:19,840 Speaker 1: a hurd herdsman. He's hurting these cows and he has 287 00:15:19,840 --> 00:15:21,760 Speaker 1: to take him to this one watering hole otherwise they're 288 00:15:21,760 --> 00:15:23,120 Speaker 1: all going to die. And he gets there and the 289 00:15:23,200 --> 00:15:25,720 Speaker 1: elephants have already claimed it and he has to drive 290 00:15:25,760 --> 00:15:28,200 Speaker 1: the elephants away with like a stick. And there's a 291 00:15:28,280 --> 00:15:30,560 Speaker 1: huge chance he's gonna get trampled. It's it's it's great, 292 00:15:30,600 --> 00:15:34,840 Speaker 1: you should all right the promise of trampling. Yell. But 293 00:15:34,960 --> 00:15:38,880 Speaker 1: back to back to cloning. Another interesting thing about our 294 00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:42,760 Speaker 1: our buddy Akira here is that is that in Japan, 295 00:15:42,960 --> 00:15:47,000 Speaker 1: human cloning is currently severely frowned on illegally even punishable 296 00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:50,080 Speaker 1: by ten years in prison. Uh so he's just kind 297 00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:52,880 Speaker 1: of working this out of his system with Wooly Mammo. 298 00:15:52,960 --> 00:15:56,280 Speaker 1: Maybe the hand of humans maybe, Yeah, that's a whole 299 00:15:56,320 --> 00:16:00,800 Speaker 1: ethical quagmire in and of itself. But but but even that, 300 00:16:00,880 --> 00:16:02,720 Speaker 1: like human cloning, you can you can get more into 301 00:16:02,720 --> 00:16:05,360 Speaker 1: the the the idea that this is something that can 302 00:16:05,400 --> 00:16:07,800 Speaker 1: that can benefit humanity, that we can learn a lot 303 00:16:07,840 --> 00:16:10,960 Speaker 1: about about our ourselves, of our bodies and the treatment 304 00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:14,280 Speaker 1: of diseases. But that's completely off the table. So let's 305 00:16:14,280 --> 00:16:18,960 Speaker 1: clone Willie mammoths. Where it seems like the area of 306 00:16:18,960 --> 00:16:22,840 Speaker 1: of really beneficial scientific achievement is um it's maybe a 307 00:16:22,840 --> 00:16:26,840 Speaker 1: little slimmer, Yeah, definitely. In fact, there's a woman name 308 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:29,560 Speaker 1: by the name of Patul kiss Arslan and she's a 309 00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:35,240 Speaker 1: postdoctoral fellow UM with NASA Astrobiology Institute Center for Reallybisomal 310 00:16:35,400 --> 00:16:38,760 Speaker 1: Origins and Evolution. And she actually gave a talk at 311 00:16:38,760 --> 00:16:41,400 Speaker 1: the Atlanta Science tavern Um a couple of days ago. 312 00:16:41,440 --> 00:16:44,040 Speaker 1: It was really interesting, And she works with ancient genes 313 00:16:44,760 --> 00:16:50,200 Speaker 1: and ancient genes as you know, exactly a super very 314 00:16:50,400 --> 00:16:53,720 Speaker 1: holy um that ancient geans, as you know, are are 315 00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:56,520 Speaker 1: in all of us, right in all life forms. Um, 316 00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:59,840 Speaker 1: there's the whole thing. Like like, the most relatable example 317 00:16:59,880 --> 00:17:03,480 Speaker 1: is why like a fetus early early in its development 318 00:17:03,520 --> 00:17:06,880 Speaker 1: looks the same and numerous species exactly why it might 319 00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:09,160 Speaker 1: have a tail, right or actually it does have a tail. 320 00:17:09,480 --> 00:17:11,639 Speaker 1: So if you see that in mammals right, Um, it 321 00:17:11,680 --> 00:17:13,439 Speaker 1: could end up being a fish or it could end 322 00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:16,000 Speaker 1: up being a human. So there's this the ancient genes 323 00:17:16,080 --> 00:17:20,240 Speaker 1: that are either going to um turn off or turn 324 00:17:20,280 --> 00:17:22,840 Speaker 1: on depending on what the species is. It could grow 325 00:17:22,920 --> 00:17:24,399 Speaker 1: up to be Richard Harris, it could grow up to 326 00:17:24,400 --> 00:17:30,000 Speaker 1: be a killer whale. You never know. Film reference. But 327 00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:33,160 Speaker 1: but Arslin, she was actually saying that they're basically using 328 00:17:33,200 --> 00:17:36,720 Speaker 1: these ancient genes as a genetic alphabet. It's it's a 329 00:17:36,760 --> 00:17:40,000 Speaker 1: common language for them to decode with. And so they're 330 00:17:40,040 --> 00:17:44,000 Speaker 1: taking ancient genes and they're taking something like a modern 331 00:17:44,080 --> 00:17:48,160 Speaker 1: day equal I, right, and they're putting those ancient genes 332 00:17:48,200 --> 00:17:52,040 Speaker 1: in with that, and they're looking to see what it does, 333 00:17:52,640 --> 00:17:55,600 Speaker 1: how it evolves, how how does it react to its environment, 334 00:17:55,960 --> 00:17:58,840 Speaker 1: and so, like you said, on a smaller scale or 335 00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:03,480 Speaker 1: like a less pacadermal um there they want to find 336 00:18:03,520 --> 00:18:06,200 Speaker 1: out with these ancient genes how they're going to react 337 00:18:06,240 --> 00:18:08,400 Speaker 1: because they feel like this can tell us something about 338 00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:12,400 Speaker 1: ourselves here on Earth, but also again out in the universe. 339 00:18:12,640 --> 00:18:16,440 Speaker 1: You know, if the primal life forms, UM, they're basically 340 00:18:16,600 --> 00:18:19,520 Speaker 1: evolving before our eyes. It's really interesting. Yeah, it's it 341 00:18:19,800 --> 00:18:23,399 Speaker 1: comes down to the whole principle of an understanding life 342 00:18:23,680 --> 00:18:25,960 Speaker 1: and contemplating life out of the world's the only model 343 00:18:25,960 --> 00:18:28,280 Speaker 1: of life that we have is the one we have here, 344 00:18:28,800 --> 00:18:31,080 Speaker 1: So we need to really understand that model and all 345 00:18:31,119 --> 00:18:35,480 Speaker 1: that it entails, UM and understand all the details, many 346 00:18:35,520 --> 00:18:39,160 Speaker 1: of the details as we can possibly uncover regarding its 347 00:18:39,160 --> 00:18:42,119 Speaker 1: genesis and it's uh in its development over time, and 348 00:18:42,160 --> 00:18:45,879 Speaker 1: then we can apply the same standards to contemplating what 349 00:18:45,960 --> 00:18:48,680 Speaker 1: may or may not be forming elsewhere in the universe. Yeah, 350 00:18:48,720 --> 00:18:51,639 Speaker 1: and Arsenin was actually um, she had a lot of 351 00:18:51,680 --> 00:18:54,240 Speaker 1: questions from the audience about the ethics of this because 352 00:18:54,560 --> 00:18:57,040 Speaker 1: and she basically said, look, I'm not doing the willing 353 00:18:57,080 --> 00:18:59,440 Speaker 1: mammoth here. What we're doing is we're just really trying 354 00:18:59,480 --> 00:19:05,119 Speaker 1: to find out where life came from, how did it emerge. 355 00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:09,600 Speaker 1: Picturing them is like sort of drunken accusations of like, hey, 356 00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:14,480 Speaker 1: where you get off cloning the mammoth man. No, it 357 00:19:14,560 --> 00:19:17,080 Speaker 1: was much more like, can you explain the rabbisome will 358 00:19:19,080 --> 00:19:22,720 Speaker 1: reaction and the extremphile environment so on and so forth 359 00:19:22,760 --> 00:19:25,960 Speaker 1: and how it um? But no, there was there was 360 00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:31,840 Speaker 1: no no drunkard heckling or anything like that. Um. Yeah, no, 361 00:19:32,400 --> 00:19:34,280 Speaker 1: it was all very civil. But there was beer and 362 00:19:34,280 --> 00:19:37,840 Speaker 1: that was nice. Um basically, I mean she didn't field 363 00:19:37,840 --> 00:19:39,920 Speaker 1: a lot of those questions. And what she said is, look, 364 00:19:40,040 --> 00:19:43,439 Speaker 1: scientists are pretty much self regulating. And when I when 365 00:19:43,480 --> 00:19:45,359 Speaker 1: I heard her say that, I thought, you know, that's 366 00:19:45,560 --> 00:19:47,159 Speaker 1: a lot of what we're talking about right now, is 367 00:19:47,880 --> 00:19:50,000 Speaker 1: um the same sort of topic that came up when 368 00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:52,240 Speaker 1: cloning was first put on the table, right we were 369 00:19:52,280 --> 00:19:54,359 Speaker 1: all scared that we were going to have versions of 370 00:19:54,359 --> 00:19:58,280 Speaker 1: ourselves out there or you know, all sorts of tinkering 371 00:19:58,320 --> 00:19:59,880 Speaker 1: that can go in. In fact, they are probably still 372 00:20:00,040 --> 00:20:02,840 Speaker 1: shoes surrounding that. But we have a better hold on 373 00:20:02,880 --> 00:20:05,239 Speaker 1: it now and we can see that you know, as 374 00:20:05,280 --> 00:20:08,199 Speaker 1: you said, like in Japan, it's against the law to 375 00:20:08,640 --> 00:20:12,680 Speaker 1: clone humans. So the idea is that this technology is here, 376 00:20:13,359 --> 00:20:16,760 Speaker 1: I's you used for exploration, but you know, when when 377 00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:19,680 Speaker 1: everything settles down, most likely you won't be creating these 378 00:20:19,720 --> 00:20:24,160 Speaker 1: Jurassic parks and you know, charging fifty dollars for admission. 379 00:20:24,520 --> 00:20:26,400 Speaker 1: But the hope at least, well that's yeah, that's the hope. 380 00:20:26,440 --> 00:20:28,399 Speaker 1: I don't know. You can you can sort of nitpick, 381 00:20:28,440 --> 00:20:30,960 Speaker 1: I guess, and make arguments about you know, various situations 382 00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:34,600 Speaker 1: where some sort of scientific achievements sort of leap frog 383 00:20:34,680 --> 00:20:36,480 Speaker 1: a little ahead of the common sense to keep it 384 00:20:36,480 --> 00:20:38,520 Speaker 1: in check, you know, like like looking back to days 385 00:20:38,560 --> 00:20:42,280 Speaker 1: when say cocaine was completely legal in the States, and 386 00:20:42,320 --> 00:20:45,320 Speaker 1: like people were drinking it and their soda water and 387 00:20:45,320 --> 00:20:47,080 Speaker 1: and buying it, you know before they go out and 388 00:20:47,119 --> 00:20:49,920 Speaker 1: work at the docks. And then eventually people are like, oh, 389 00:20:49,920 --> 00:20:53,320 Speaker 1: maybe we should out love this or granted, these are 390 00:20:53,400 --> 00:20:57,920 Speaker 1: very different issues, you know, very different social issues than 391 00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:01,760 Speaker 1: than cloning, but but also like got when you look 392 00:21:01,800 --> 00:21:05,359 Speaker 1: at at music on the internet, the pirrating of music 393 00:21:05,680 --> 00:21:07,960 Speaker 1: and the whole argument that well, we just we let 394 00:21:07,960 --> 00:21:10,120 Speaker 1: it get ahead and get ahead of ourselves and suddenly 395 00:21:10,119 --> 00:21:13,000 Speaker 1: everybody sharing music and we didn't even think about putting 396 00:21:13,040 --> 00:21:16,119 Speaker 1: the various rules in place and the various barriers in 397 00:21:16,160 --> 00:21:18,480 Speaker 1: place to to shape it the way we wanted to 398 00:21:18,480 --> 00:21:21,399 Speaker 1: shape it. So the cart before the horse Yeah, but 399 00:21:21,480 --> 00:21:23,560 Speaker 1: I I guess so far, I mean, with cloning, it 400 00:21:23,880 --> 00:21:26,440 Speaker 1: seems like we've done a good job of staying staying 401 00:21:26,480 --> 00:21:30,439 Speaker 1: ahead of the technology, uh and keeping it sort of 402 00:21:30,440 --> 00:21:32,760 Speaker 1: closed in so it doesn't just go wild. Yeah, and 403 00:21:32,760 --> 00:21:35,760 Speaker 1: so again that's the hope here. Yeah, but someone like 404 00:21:35,880 --> 00:21:39,720 Speaker 1: myself doesn't have anyander tall or wily mammoth or dodo 405 00:21:39,800 --> 00:21:43,720 Speaker 1: bird in their backyard. Well, here's the thing too, about 406 00:21:44,160 --> 00:21:46,560 Speaker 1: about neandertals and and dodo birds and the idea of 407 00:21:46,560 --> 00:21:50,399 Speaker 1: bringing them back because we had a well, because we 408 00:21:50,480 --> 00:21:53,159 Speaker 1: had a hand in their extinction, um, in which you 409 00:21:53,160 --> 00:21:55,320 Speaker 1: can make a better case with things like dodos, which 410 00:21:55,640 --> 00:21:58,040 Speaker 1: you can clearly say, yes, humans kill off the dodo 411 00:21:58,440 --> 00:22:00,600 Speaker 1: Neander tolls is a little more complex issue, as we 412 00:22:00,600 --> 00:22:04,200 Speaker 1: discussed in our up plant in the Andertals podcast. But 413 00:22:04,200 --> 00:22:06,679 Speaker 1: but then you have thinks like just today, at the 414 00:22:06,760 --> 00:22:08,880 Speaker 1: day we recorded this, New York Times had an article 415 00:22:08,880 --> 00:22:13,280 Speaker 1: of the Eastern cougar being officially declared extinct um. And 416 00:22:13,320 --> 00:22:15,359 Speaker 1: then and then there are there are other more recent 417 00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:19,440 Speaker 1: uh extinctions that can be laid at the feet of humans, 418 00:22:19,480 --> 00:22:22,240 Speaker 1: such as the Asiatic cheetah and the Tasmanian tiger, and 419 00:22:22,480 --> 00:22:25,080 Speaker 1: both of those, there are efforts in place to to 420 00:22:25,359 --> 00:22:28,720 Speaker 1: collect the genetic information we would need and prepare to 421 00:22:29,040 --> 00:22:31,639 Speaker 1: clone them. And of course even if you could clone them, 422 00:22:31,640 --> 00:22:36,000 Speaker 1: there they're huge obstacles to to bringing an extinct species back. 423 00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:38,800 Speaker 1: I mean, they're huge obstacles to to bringing a near 424 00:22:38,880 --> 00:22:42,200 Speaker 1: extinct species back. The genetic diversity will be shrunk down 425 00:22:42,240 --> 00:22:44,480 Speaker 1: so much that you know, it's like, oh, well, now 426 00:22:44,480 --> 00:22:46,600 Speaker 1: we have a million deer, but they're also in bred 427 00:22:46,760 --> 00:22:51,560 Speaker 1: that it's just ridiculous. So but but I'm kind of rambling, 428 00:22:51,640 --> 00:22:55,480 Speaker 1: but my point is the mammoth is slightly old news, 429 00:22:55,920 --> 00:22:59,360 Speaker 1: so I can I can more easily get behind efforts 430 00:22:59,400 --> 00:23:02,560 Speaker 1: to bring back more recently extinct species. No, and that's 431 00:23:02,720 --> 00:23:04,959 Speaker 1: a lot of people, actually, that's what they say when 432 00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:07,880 Speaker 1: they were there were being critical of um bringing back 433 00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:09,639 Speaker 1: the wooly mammoth. This are saying, why don't we just 434 00:23:09,680 --> 00:23:12,000 Speaker 1: concentrate on what we have right now and try to 435 00:23:12,040 --> 00:23:16,840 Speaker 1: preserve as much as possible, you know, our existing biodiversity. 436 00:23:17,040 --> 00:23:18,879 Speaker 1: So we'll let me I'm in the last person to 437 00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:21,000 Speaker 1: accuse scientists of playing god, but I mean it is 438 00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:24,040 Speaker 1: one of those things where it's like wooly mammoth extinct, 439 00:23:24,119 --> 00:23:26,199 Speaker 1: not if I have anything to say about it, and 440 00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:28,720 Speaker 1: then you know, push the button bring them back. It's 441 00:23:28,760 --> 00:23:33,159 Speaker 1: kind of like, you know, just completely you know, sticking 442 00:23:33,160 --> 00:23:36,280 Speaker 1: it to fate and sticking it to history saying yeah, 443 00:23:36,400 --> 00:23:38,680 Speaker 1: I'm I'm human, I'm awesome, and I just brought back 444 00:23:38,680 --> 00:23:41,359 Speaker 1: a wooly mammoth. That's right. Yeah. Next thing, you know, 445 00:23:41,440 --> 00:23:43,960 Speaker 1: Ted Turner has a has a line of steak restaurants. 446 00:23:43,960 --> 00:23:47,720 Speaker 1: Open the big big statue of wooly mammoth out front. 447 00:23:47,720 --> 00:23:50,560 Speaker 1: You're gonna each mammoth burger and guys are going crazy 448 00:23:50,600 --> 00:23:53,200 Speaker 1: because it's the most masculine thing ever. And I actually 449 00:23:53,280 --> 00:23:57,439 Speaker 1: saw this spoof online. I'm hoping it's a spoof, and 450 00:23:57,480 --> 00:23:59,879 Speaker 1: it was like Ted Nugent is just giving like tenta 451 00:24:00,040 --> 00:24:02,200 Speaker 1: and dollars to the research of bringing back the wooly 452 00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:07,080 Speaker 1: mammoth so that he can hunt them. Hunt okay, yes, 453 00:24:07,200 --> 00:24:10,000 Speaker 1: hunt okay to hunt them? Yes. Yeah, sorry, I'm a 454 00:24:10,000 --> 00:24:12,679 Speaker 1: little kneedsal, a little colder hunt. Well, I mean Ted's 455 00:24:12,680 --> 00:24:16,240 Speaker 1: pretty wild dude, so so yes. But Ted Nugent is 456 00:24:16,280 --> 00:24:19,359 Speaker 1: exactly the type of person I'm talking about. You can 457 00:24:19,400 --> 00:24:23,160 Speaker 1: easily see him either hunting or a mammoth once it's 458 00:24:23,200 --> 00:24:26,680 Speaker 1: been cloned, hunting or or indeed making beef turkey out 459 00:24:26,680 --> 00:24:28,840 Speaker 1: of it and selling it online. Right, you know that's 460 00:24:28,880 --> 00:24:32,119 Speaker 1: the dark side of this. I suppose, yes, the nugent factor, 461 00:24:33,200 --> 00:24:35,880 Speaker 1: but we need to start using the the nugent factor. Yeah, 462 00:24:36,160 --> 00:24:39,040 Speaker 1: there's the Branson factor, which is like the more benign 463 00:24:39,160 --> 00:24:43,960 Speaker 1: and the nugent factor not sup benign. All right, then 464 00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:49,000 Speaker 1: there you go. Yeply mammoths, ancient jeans, and hey, I 465 00:24:49,000 --> 00:24:52,000 Speaker 1: think we have some listener mail to wash all that 466 00:24:52,040 --> 00:24:56,000 Speaker 1: down with. Let's check it out, all right, um, our 467 00:24:56,040 --> 00:25:01,120 Speaker 1: listener j writes in, and Jay says, Jays from Arkansas. 468 00:25:01,119 --> 00:25:03,600 Speaker 1: By the way, I just finished listening to your podcast 469 00:25:03,640 --> 00:25:05,320 Speaker 1: on doppelgangers, and I really enjoyed it. I have an 470 00:25:05,320 --> 00:25:08,080 Speaker 1: additional phenomenon to mention that I believe falls into a 471 00:25:08,440 --> 00:25:11,520 Speaker 1: into a category all its own when talking about doppelgangers. 472 00:25:11,880 --> 00:25:14,639 Speaker 1: I have experienced this three different times that I can remember. 473 00:25:14,680 --> 00:25:17,160 Speaker 1: In each time it happens, it really creeps me out. 474 00:25:17,640 --> 00:25:20,359 Speaker 1: Here it goes. I will be walking through a public 475 00:25:20,359 --> 00:25:22,800 Speaker 1: place such as a mall or grocery store, when I 476 00:25:22,840 --> 00:25:25,240 Speaker 1: see something, when I see someone that I hadn't seen 477 00:25:25,240 --> 00:25:27,119 Speaker 1: in a long time, An old friend, a former teacher, 478 00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:30,560 Speaker 1: a co worker, someone from my childhood, et cetera. However, 479 00:25:30,640 --> 00:25:32,680 Speaker 1: when I get closer to them and prepare to greet them, 480 00:25:32,720 --> 00:25:34,760 Speaker 1: I realized that it's not them at all. It's someone 481 00:25:34,800 --> 00:25:37,760 Speaker 1: that looks very much like them. They're doppelganger, I suppose. 482 00:25:38,040 --> 00:25:40,480 Speaker 1: So I turned and going about my business, shopping or 483 00:25:40,520 --> 00:25:43,119 Speaker 1: whatever I'm there to do. But the really creepy twist 484 00:25:43,200 --> 00:25:45,760 Speaker 1: is that before I leave this place, I run into 485 00:25:45,760 --> 00:25:48,359 Speaker 1: the person that I thought I saw earlier, the real 486 00:25:48,440 --> 00:25:51,720 Speaker 1: person this time. Three times this has happened to me, 487 00:25:51,800 --> 00:25:54,119 Speaker 1: and it's forced me to think, Okay, was it the 488 00:25:54,160 --> 00:25:56,240 Speaker 1: real person the first time and I just thought it 489 00:25:56,240 --> 00:25:58,439 Speaker 1: was someone else because it has has been a long 490 00:25:58,480 --> 00:26:00,680 Speaker 1: time since I've seen them, Or was it really adoptel 491 00:26:00,720 --> 00:26:02,920 Speaker 1: ganger that reminded me of an old friend? And then 492 00:26:02,960 --> 00:26:06,000 Speaker 1: by chance, I ended up seeing the very person the 493 00:26:06,080 --> 00:26:08,679 Speaker 1: same day in the very same place. Whatever it was, 494 00:26:08,720 --> 00:26:12,120 Speaker 1: it really makes me wonder. It's sort of a surreal experience. Huh. 495 00:26:12,880 --> 00:26:15,800 Speaker 1: You know, I I've had I've had similar experiences, but 496 00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:17,639 Speaker 1: it's not that I've run into the person that's but 497 00:26:17,760 --> 00:26:20,560 Speaker 1: I was really thinking a lot about that person, and 498 00:26:20,560 --> 00:26:22,240 Speaker 1: then all of a sudden, they turned up out of nowhere, 499 00:26:22,359 --> 00:26:23,800 Speaker 1: and it's someone who hadn't been in my life for 500 00:26:23,840 --> 00:26:25,960 Speaker 1: a long time. Yeah, well, that's just your mental powers 501 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:30,359 Speaker 1: of reality, right right, that's just the um visible strings 502 00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:33,919 Speaker 1: pulling them towards me. Right. Well, now Jay doesn't mention 503 00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:37,160 Speaker 1: um and he just says he's from Arkansas. If Jay 504 00:26:37,240 --> 00:26:39,760 Speaker 1: were perhaps from a small like a really small town 505 00:26:39,760 --> 00:26:43,440 Speaker 1: in Arkansas, and I could see where one could potentially 506 00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:46,920 Speaker 1: have one of these and mis identification syndromes going on, 507 00:26:47,600 --> 00:26:50,439 Speaker 1: and and then we're actually run into the people that 508 00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:54,240 Speaker 1: they're misseeing. I don't know, that's that's a very nonclinical 509 00:26:55,359 --> 00:26:58,560 Speaker 1: look at the situation. It's a nice shot though. Yeah, 510 00:26:59,240 --> 00:27:01,720 Speaker 1: but I would I would say it sounds like this 511 00:27:01,800 --> 00:27:04,040 Speaker 1: is more just sort of a curiosity in Jay's life. 512 00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:06,600 Speaker 1: But but again I will stress that if you do 513 00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:09,960 Speaker 1: have a situation where you really think you're encountering double 514 00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:13,280 Speaker 1: gang ers are mysterious doubles, are weird twins that shouldn't exist, 515 00:27:13,520 --> 00:27:15,639 Speaker 1: you should definitely go to a doctor about it because 516 00:27:15,640 --> 00:27:19,080 Speaker 1: it's probably a probably some sort of mental disturbance, and 517 00:27:19,119 --> 00:27:20,719 Speaker 1: it might be there are many of these that are 518 00:27:20,720 --> 00:27:23,200 Speaker 1: easily treated too, So it's not necessarily like if I 519 00:27:23,240 --> 00:27:25,200 Speaker 1: go to the doctor about this, my life is over 520 00:27:25,240 --> 00:27:28,639 Speaker 1: and I'm gonna be an institution. No, there there's a 521 00:27:28,680 --> 00:27:31,520 Speaker 1: way out on Yeah, there's there's our treatments for these 522 00:27:31,960 --> 00:27:34,879 Speaker 1: types of things. But hey, j thanks for sharing that 523 00:27:34,920 --> 00:27:37,520 Speaker 1: with us. We'd love to hear about about really cool, 524 00:27:37,600 --> 00:27:39,639 Speaker 1: kind of weird experiences like this because the and you 525 00:27:39,640 --> 00:27:42,120 Speaker 1: know when and and we've been completely non judgmental about 526 00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:44,360 Speaker 1: these because because we've discussed in a number of these 527 00:27:44,400 --> 00:27:46,879 Speaker 1: there are there are things that can go on in 528 00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:49,720 Speaker 1: in in life, in in your in your head that 529 00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:53,000 Speaker 1: are just that're gonna be a little weird and uh 530 00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:58,200 Speaker 1: and they're they're they're tied to natural phenomena. But but 531 00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:00,840 Speaker 1: but they'll they'll really throw you for a yes, And 532 00:28:01,040 --> 00:28:02,399 Speaker 1: I have to say, I'm probably the last person that 533 00:28:02,440 --> 00:28:05,840 Speaker 1: can judge in this area, um as I've already talked 534 00:28:05,840 --> 00:28:10,640 Speaker 1: about my own weird dreams and experiences. So yeah, there 535 00:28:10,680 --> 00:28:13,000 Speaker 1: you go. Non judgment zones. So hey, if you have 536 00:28:13,080 --> 00:28:16,439 Speaker 1: any coppelganger experiences in your life, if you have thoughts 537 00:28:16,440 --> 00:28:19,280 Speaker 1: on bringing back wooly mammoths, um, if you would like 538 00:28:19,480 --> 00:28:24,320 Speaker 1: to ride, hunt, or eat a wooly mammoth hunt. Then 539 00:28:24,440 --> 00:28:26,600 Speaker 1: let us know. You'll find us on Facebook and Twitter 540 00:28:26,680 --> 00:28:29,119 Speaker 1: as blow the Mind, and you can always drop us 541 00:28:29,119 --> 00:28:31,080 Speaker 1: a line at blow the Mind at how stuff works 542 00:28:31,119 --> 00:28:38,120 Speaker 1: dot com. For more on this and thousands of other topics, 543 00:28:38,280 --> 00:28:40,720 Speaker 1: visit how stuff works dot com. To learn more about 544 00:28:40,720 --> 00:28:43,560 Speaker 1: the podcast, click on the podcast icon in the upper 545 00:28:43,640 --> 00:28:46,760 Speaker 1: right corner of our homepage. The how stuff Works iPhone 546 00:28:46,760 --> 00:28:49,680 Speaker 1: app has a ride. Download it today on iTunes.