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Speaker 1: Now here's a highlight from Coast to Coast AM on

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Speaker 1: iHeart Radio and welcome back to Coast to Coast. Rob

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Speaker 1: done with us. His work is called Never Home Alone.

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Speaker 1: And we want next hour, your calls, your questions, and

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Speaker 1: your credit stories too. We'll get into how mice get

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Speaker 1: into your house to rob these bedbugs, and we'll talk

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Speaker 1: about them in the house again in a second. But

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Speaker 1: why do hotels have such a horrendous reputation with bedbugs? Well,

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Speaker 1: you get a lot of people moving in and out,

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Speaker 1: and so you get lots of chances for them to arrive,

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Speaker 1: and then they're hard to get rid of, and so

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Speaker 1: like the chances that they get there are really high,

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Speaker 1: and then they have sort of ordinary chances of getting

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Speaker 1: rid of them. But the trick with the bedbugs from

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Speaker 1: the hotel is really the just you need to check

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Speaker 1: the sheets and check the mattress and look for little

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Speaker 1: spots of blood. And they're pretty easy to spot. They're

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Speaker 1: they're not invisible. They're very much a visible little monster

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Speaker 1: like little black dots, aren't they. Yeah, I mean they're um, well,

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Speaker 1: what's the like comparison? I mean they're there. It's like

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Speaker 1: a clump of pepper grains with legs, um and a

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Speaker 1: little pincher and a little pincher and and uh see

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Speaker 1: you can't see them, and so I mean I always

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Speaker 1: look for him. It's worth doing. Um. Did you have

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Speaker 1: you ever gone into a hotel and found one? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we actually had a labor retreat, and so we all

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Speaker 1: went to the coast to It was to a rental house,

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Speaker 1: not a hotel, but but it was a whole house

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Speaker 1: full of people who study insects in homes. And we

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Speaker 1: got there and sure enough, there they were. And we

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Speaker 1: called the owner and said, we have bedbugs, and he said,

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Speaker 1: how can you be sure? I thought, well, we're pretty

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Speaker 1: we're pretty sure. We're the insect people. Did you stay

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Speaker 1: in the house or did you all leave? We laughed, yeah,

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Speaker 1: did you leave? Yeah? We did leave. Yeah. Can you spray?

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Speaker 1: Can you kill them that way? Um? The easiest. They're

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Speaker 1: hard to kill that way because because we've used the

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Speaker 1: sprays too much on them, and so they've they've gotten

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Speaker 1: resistance to the sprays now, And so you spray them

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Speaker 1: and they sort of a smile back at you and

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Speaker 1: then walk away. Um, there's supposed to be a reason

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Speaker 1: for everything. Rob, Why did nature give us bed bugs

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Speaker 1: for credicle. Well, I mean, that's one of the things

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Speaker 1: we've we've done a lot of work on is that

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Speaker 1: you know, as a as a scientist, we we get

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Speaker 1: trained to hate that question, like what good is it um?

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Speaker 1: Like a mosquito? Yeah, And what we've started to do

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Speaker 1: is to think about, well, if we really focus on

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Speaker 1: the species like this, well, what good might it have

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Speaker 1: for humans? And we had an interesting one recently where

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Speaker 1: we asked people to tell us what lives in their houses.

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Speaker 1: And one of the things we asked about these camel

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Speaker 1: crickets which you might have seen there. The one we

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Speaker 1: were looking for is about the size of the last

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Speaker 1: digit or thumb and as long long and tenny and

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Speaker 1: it's really kind of a cave cricket. And so we

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Speaker 1: asked asked people do you have them? And immediately five

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Speaker 1: hundred people responded whether they did or didn't have them.

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Speaker 1: And what we got back, though it was was not

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Speaker 1: what we expected. That where people said they have them

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Speaker 1: was sort of wrong relative or understanding, And so we

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Speaker 1: asked for pictures. And when we asked for pictures, what

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Speaker 1: we saw was that there was a giant Japanese species

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Speaker 1: of these camel crickets. So that moved house to house

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Speaker 1: across North America and nobody noticed it. Everybody else thought

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Speaker 1: somebody else knew what it was. And so we thought

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Speaker 1: that was so cool. You know, oh, this is going

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Speaker 1: to be a cool news story. People really like it.

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Speaker 1: And overwhelmingly what we got back was, well, what good

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Speaker 1: is it? And so we started thinking, and well, you know,

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Speaker 1: this is a cricket that really historically lives in caves.

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Speaker 1: It's really crappy food with low nutrition, and so we thought, well,

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Speaker 1: what if it has bacteria and it's a gut that

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Speaker 1: we could use to break down something that we need

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Speaker 1: to break down, like plastic or industrial waste. And so

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Speaker 1: we looked and the first one of those crickets we

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Speaker 1: looked and we found a kind of bacteria that can

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Speaker 1: take the waste of the paper and pulp industry, which

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Speaker 1: is this nasty, nasty stuff that typically gets burned and

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Speaker 1: turn it into energy. And so as we've kept working,

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Speaker 1: we find more and more of these cases where even

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Speaker 1: things like bedbugs, if we look at for what use

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Speaker 1: they might have, we can often find one. But I

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Speaker 1: think very often we forget to even look, you know,

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Speaker 1: we just we get so caught up in the itchy

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Speaker 1: scratchy that we forget to look at the bigger picture.

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Speaker 1: And let me ask you about black mold, especially here

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Speaker 1: in the California area. It's all over the place in

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Speaker 1: people's houses and in some cases they've had to knock

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Speaker 1: down drywall and everything else. What is that stuff? And

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Speaker 1: it's bad if you breathe it, yeah, it's it's it's

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Speaker 1: not great. It's actually very hard to study some of

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Speaker 1: this stuff because what you really want to figure out is, well,

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Speaker 1: what happens if it's in your house for ten years,

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Speaker 1: like what happens to your health? And that's a hard

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Speaker 1: experiment to do, and one doesn't want to do it right.

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Speaker 1: But what we found is that when we sample air,

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Speaker 1: we often don't see that toxic black mole because it

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Speaker 1: spores are really heavy, they don't seem to get airborne.

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Speaker 1: And so one of the mysteries has been how does

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Speaker 1: it get into your house in the first place. And

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Speaker 1: a Danish scientist, bigot To Anderson, has figured out that

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Speaker 1: it's actually coming in with the new drywall, the drywall

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Speaker 1: preloaded yet with this fungus, and if the drywall never

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Speaker 1: gets wet, that doesn't matter at all. So if it

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Speaker 1: stays dry, the fungus never grows. It just sort of

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Speaker 1: sits there patiently like Buddha or something, and it never

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Speaker 1: affects you. But if that drywall then gets wet, the

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Speaker 1: fu funge you can then grow and they just start

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Speaker 1: creeping up the drywall. And that's when you start to

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Speaker 1: see the health consequences. And and so I mean, it's

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Speaker 1: a it's a really weird thing. We've built our houses

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Speaker 1: without paying attention at what we accidentally loaded into them.

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Speaker 1: Would kill it? Um, it can kill it, or it

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Speaker 1: can beat it back a little bit. But if if

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Speaker 1: your drywall gets wet, like really wet, like in a

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Speaker 1: flood or something, Um, much of the time it's really

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Speaker 1: worth worth sort of putting new drywall in where where

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Speaker 1: it's been wet, especially if you've got somebody with allergies

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Speaker 1: or asthma in your house. Um, because it can produce

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Speaker 1: some stuff that can be problematic. And uh, once it's there,

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Speaker 1: it's it's pretty hard to get rid of. But if

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Speaker 1: you take that drywall out and then it appears to

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Speaker 1: mostly go away. Now, tell me about mice in the house.

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Speaker 1: How in the heck do those critters get in your

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Speaker 1: house if the doors are always closed. Well, I mean

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Speaker 1: they've had a lot of experience doing it. So if

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Speaker 1: you go back to like Mesopotamia and look what's in houses,

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Speaker 1: the same house mice we have in our house houses,

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Speaker 1: we're already there. And they spread with Western culture all

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Speaker 1: through Europe on boats and and so you know, they've

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Speaker 1: practiced a bunch of generations a year. It's sneaking through

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Speaker 1: any hole we make, and they're pretty amazing. They can.

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Speaker 1: You know, they can get through a hole that's like

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Speaker 1: one twentieth the width of what seems to be their

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Speaker 1: body by sort of squishing through. And they're in some

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Speaker 1: ways they're more expert at living in our houses than

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Speaker 1: we are. Some pets, if you have, will bring in kritters, fleas, ticks,

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Speaker 1: all kinds of things. What do you do with your

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Speaker 1: dog and cat? Yeah, that's interesting. Dogs and cats seem

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Speaker 1: very different in this regard. So dogs, like if we

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Speaker 1: take a sample of dust from your house and we

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Speaker 1: identify what's in that dust based on the DNA, so

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Speaker 1: it's like cside dust. That much of the difference from

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Speaker 1: one house to another in terms of which bacteria or

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Speaker 1: in the house is a function of whether or not

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Speaker 1: there's a dog, and so having a dog accounts for

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Speaker 1: almost half of the variation house to house and which

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Speaker 1: bacteria are there. And in cities, it looks like having

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Speaker 1: a dog tends to be beneficial. And part of what

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Speaker 1: we think is happening is that if you live in

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Speaker 1: a really sealed up apartment in a city and you're

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Speaker 1: not getting outside, that that dog is sort of your

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Speaker 1: last connection to nature, and the dog is bringing in

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Speaker 1: some bacteria and the soil that are actually good for

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Speaker 1: your immune system and your health and well being. And

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Speaker 1: kids who grow up with dogs and cities tend to

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Speaker 1: be less likely to have allergies in asthma in the

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Speaker 1: If you're living in a rural environment, you're already being

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Speaker 1: exposed to nature a lot, and so the dog effect

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Speaker 1: seems to be less. Cats, on the other hand, bring

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Speaker 1: in totally different stuff, and so for example, there's a

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Speaker 1: parasite called Toxoplasma gandhii that comes in with cats. And

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Speaker 1: I think we most often hear about this in the

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Speaker 1: context of pregnancy. If you get scratched, If you get scratched, right, yeah, Well,

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Speaker 1: if you don't want to mess with the kiddie litter

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Speaker 1: and you get this parasite, it can hurt the fetus.

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Speaker 1: But recently ten years ago, it's figured out that that parasite,

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Speaker 1: it's natural life cycle is it gets into rats and

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Speaker 1: mice and then it takes over the brains of the

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Speaker 1: rats and mice and makes them attracted to the smell

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Speaker 1: of cat pee because it can only have sex and

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Speaker 1: a cat, and so it has to get into a

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Speaker 1: cat to fulfill its life cycle. What we've recently figured

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Speaker 1: out is that when humans are infected with this parasite

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Speaker 1: that it also alters our behavior, and people who have

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Speaker 1: been infected are more likely to be in a car accident.

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Speaker 1: Their personality profiles change. It's the single best predictor of

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Speaker 1: the onset of schizoph friend of you, and so it's

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Speaker 1: it's cats are bringing in different things. And in fact, um,

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Speaker 1: some places very very common that people are infected. Seventy

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Speaker 1: percent of the French are infected, which is to say,

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Speaker 1: this parasite could explain the French. And it's a nasty

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Speaker 1: parasite too, isn't it. Well, Um, it's a tricky parasite

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Speaker 1: and uh, it's for sure changes us most of the

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Speaker 1: time that the change isn't you know, it's not necessarily

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Speaker 1: negative or positive, but it makes us different, and so

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Speaker 1: I guess we would want to be wary of that.

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Speaker 1: Um and uh, it's it's more um, it's more clever

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Speaker 1: biologically than we are intellectually. In terms of being able

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Speaker 1: to do anything about it. There's not a real way

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Speaker 1: to control it other than trying to avoid contact with

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Speaker 1: cat feces. I've got a friend Rob whose house is

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Speaker 1: infested with India cupboard moths. What are they so? India

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Speaker 1: cupboard moths. They've also moved from from the from Mesopotamia

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Speaker 1: that they were in um Amarna, Egypt in thirteen fifty BC, uh,

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Speaker 1: three thousand years ago. They were already in the pantry

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Speaker 1: before the pantry looked like a pantry, and they eat

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Speaker 1: the grain um, and they've moved all around with us.

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Speaker 1: But we've also used them. And so if you look

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Speaker 1: at some of the new transgenic crops that produce their

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Speaker 1: own pesticides in a separate conversation, how we feel about those,

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Speaker 1: But but the gene in those crops that produces the

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Speaker 1: pesticides comes from one of those moths, and so the

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Speaker 1: that entire kind of crops, so all the corn in

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Speaker 1: North America depends on the gene from that moth that

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Speaker 1: bothers your friend. Interesting, how how do you get rid

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Speaker 1: of them? Um? Well, I mean, so they're they're typically

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Speaker 1: coming in with a with a grain that's coming from

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Speaker 1: whole foods or some whole whole grain. Um. And and

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Speaker 1: so they're in the grain itself. And so if you

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Speaker 1: clear out your grain, most of the time they're going

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Speaker 1: to be gone. Okay, can you check your packages? Would

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Speaker 1: will they be in the packages? Yeah, so you'll see

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Speaker 1: them wriggling around in there. Um. And if you don't

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Speaker 1: see them, well it's okay, or you throw it away.

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Speaker 1: I mean, they don't do it other than than eating

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Speaker 1: some of your your grains. Um, they don't do any

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Speaker 1: real harm. They're just pesty. They're just pesty. And and

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Speaker 1: if you zoom in, no none that they have a loveliness,

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Speaker 1: don't they have beautiful wings? And um, you know you

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Speaker 1: can you can come to appreciate them. I have the

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Speaker 1: sense your friend may may always we'll never quite love them.

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Speaker 1: But how how are these critters? Are They always revolved

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Speaker 1: around food? You know, some of them are around food

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Speaker 1: somewhere around um, the building itself. Um. You know, some

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Speaker 1: of them have to do with the sort of falling

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Speaker 1: apart of our bodies. Uh. You know, so we're constantly

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Speaker 1: shedding skin cells and so dust mites are hanging out

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Speaker 1: in the house taking care of that for us and

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Speaker 1: sort of a clean up crew. Um. You know, they're

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Speaker 1: they're eating bits and pieces off your dog. Is your

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Speaker 1: dog sort of ages and fall apart. Um. But but

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Speaker 1: they all they all relate to us, right, so that

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Speaker 1: if if if we weren't in our homes, the home

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Speaker 1: would be very different. Different species live there. Um. You know.

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Speaker 1: Some species just use the house as a shelter, like ladybugs. Um.

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Speaker 1: But a lot of them if if we stop using

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Speaker 1: our house, they disappear, that's all. German cockroaches are interesting

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Speaker 1: in that regard that we always think of them is

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Speaker 1: so so tough and they can, you know, survive in

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Speaker 1: nuclear war. But the truth is what they can't survive

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Speaker 1: is our absence. M German cockroaches can't live outside, they

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Speaker 1: can't live without humans. And so a lot of these

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Speaker 1: species are really sort of tightly tied to the ways

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Speaker 1: in which we live. Um. I think, and I think

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Speaker 1: the more like us they are, the more. We hate them,

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Speaker 1: you know. German cockroaches like the same temperatures we like,

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Speaker 1: like the same food we like. They're kind of social,

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Speaker 1: but they can be grumpy too. Um, exactly the kinds

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Speaker 1: of things that will make us dislike them. You will

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Speaker 1: love to be in your house. Yeah, that's the only

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Speaker 1: place they'd like to be. Listen to more Coast to

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Speaker 1: Coast AM every weeknight at one a m. Eastern and

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Speaker 1: go to Coast to Coast am dot com for more