1 00:00:08,400 --> 00:00:18,480 Speaker 1: Bushkin. We can't. I have never had a single conversation 2 00:00:18,520 --> 00:00:22,040 Speaker 1: where both you and I were not kind of grinning 3 00:00:22,600 --> 00:00:24,840 Speaker 1: as we told charge all stories. 4 00:00:27,240 --> 00:00:29,479 Speaker 2: Well, I think there's something kind of lovely about his 5 00:00:29,600 --> 00:00:32,040 Speaker 2: un self consciousness. I mean, he's a rare breed in 6 00:00:32,080 --> 00:00:35,160 Speaker 2: this day and age, the like, completely unself conscious man 7 00:00:35,200 --> 00:00:39,480 Speaker 2: who never for a second doubts his abilities, even though 8 00:00:39,479 --> 00:00:41,960 Speaker 2: there's so much evidence for why he should be doubting 9 00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:42,720 Speaker 2: his abilities. 10 00:00:45,440 --> 00:00:48,680 Speaker 1: I'm talking to Ben Adaph Haffring, my partner in our 11 00:00:48,720 --> 00:00:52,720 Speaker 1: series on the nineteen thirty six Olympics, the most consequential 12 00:00:53,080 --> 00:00:54,560 Speaker 1: Olympic Games in history. 13 00:00:55,600 --> 00:00:59,639 Speaker 2: And he's also just a really excellent partner in the 14 00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:03,200 Speaker 2: goal of mocking him, because he really preserves all of 15 00:01:03,240 --> 00:01:07,959 Speaker 2: the evidence of his follies and he reads like a 16 00:01:07,959 --> 00:01:09,360 Speaker 2: great character out of literature. 17 00:01:10,160 --> 00:01:14,640 Speaker 1: This episode is about Charles Hitchcock Cheryl, the man who 18 00:01:14,680 --> 00:01:17,160 Speaker 1: in the early nineteen thirties was at the center of 19 00:01:17,200 --> 00:01:20,200 Speaker 1: the debate over whether the United States should go to 20 00:01:20,240 --> 00:01:23,160 Speaker 1: the Berlin Games. In fact, if you ask why the 21 00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:26,640 Speaker 1: Olympic Games are the Olympic Games, how it flourished. It 22 00:01:26,760 --> 00:01:30,080 Speaker 1: endured over the course of the most tumultuous century in history. 23 00:01:30,520 --> 00:01:33,160 Speaker 1: There are really only two people who matter. One is 24 00:01:33,200 --> 00:01:36,240 Speaker 1: Avery Brundage, and we'll get to Brundage later in the series. 25 00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:42,399 Speaker 1: The other is Charles Hitchcock. Cheryl. Cheryl is a forgotten figure. Today, 26 00:01:42,720 --> 00:01:45,800 Speaker 1: traces of him persist only in little scraps here and there. 27 00:01:46,120 --> 00:01:49,400 Speaker 1: But in his day, when Cheryl gave an after dinner 28 00:01:49,400 --> 00:01:53,280 Speaker 1: speech somewhere, it made the Times. When Cheryl complained about 29 00:01:53,280 --> 00:01:56,520 Speaker 1: his neighbour's dog, it made the Times when he died. 30 00:01:56,800 --> 00:02:00,559 Speaker 1: The New York Times wrote no fewer than five stories five. 31 00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:04,920 Speaker 1: He was everywhere. He knew everyone. He was friends with 32 00:02:05,040 --> 00:02:09,720 Speaker 1: every American president, from Teddy to Franklin Roosevelt. He attended 33 00:02:09,800 --> 00:02:14,360 Speaker 1: every reception of importance, every luncheon that mattered. In his 34 00:02:14,440 --> 00:02:18,520 Speaker 1: sixty nine years, he crossed the Atlantic ninety times. He 35 00:02:18,680 --> 00:02:21,280 Speaker 1: was in constant motion. He was Zelig. 36 00:02:22,480 --> 00:02:23,320 Speaker 2: He's Forrest Gump. 37 00:02:23,400 --> 00:02:25,720 Speaker 1: He's Forrest Gump. You know I'm about to you know 38 00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:29,680 Speaker 1: who he is? Hold on, hold on, hold on, Oh no, 39 00:02:29,760 --> 00:02:33,399 Speaker 1: wait wait wait wait wait wait wait wait, he's polonious. 40 00:02:33,560 --> 00:02:35,400 Speaker 1: I have to get this right here. We are okay. 41 00:02:37,160 --> 00:02:39,320 Speaker 1: So this is from love song with j alf Proof 42 00:02:39,400 --> 00:02:43,360 Speaker 1: Rock maybe T. S. Eliot's most famous poem, and proof 43 00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:49,200 Speaker 1: Rock is a kind of self aware version of Charles Cheryl, Oh, 44 00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:53,520 Speaker 1: yes here we are okay. No, I am not Prince Hamlet, 45 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:56,200 Speaker 1: nor was meant to be. I am an attendant. 46 00:02:55,680 --> 00:02:59,440 Speaker 3: Lord, the one that will do to swell a progress, 47 00:03:00,080 --> 00:03:04,480 Speaker 3: start a scene, or to advise the Prince, no doubt, 48 00:03:04,639 --> 00:03:09,440 Speaker 3: an easy tool, deferential, glad to be of use, politic, 49 00:03:09,639 --> 00:03:14,040 Speaker 3: cautious and particulous, full of high sentence, but a bit 50 00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:21,679 Speaker 3: of cuse at times, indeed almost ridiculous, almost at times. 51 00:03:21,960 --> 00:03:24,080 Speaker 1: The fool that's him? 52 00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:28,959 Speaker 2: That is him? And also can I do another literary pe? 53 00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:32,520 Speaker 2: This is he's also Pangloss, you know, Condide's sort of 54 00:03:32,840 --> 00:03:39,200 Speaker 2: utopian philosopher who's completely fatuous. The Pangloss quote is it 55 00:03:39,280 --> 00:03:42,280 Speaker 2: is demonstrable that things cannot be otherwise than as they are. 56 00:03:42,560 --> 00:03:45,280 Speaker 2: We're all being created for an end, all is necessarily 57 00:03:45,320 --> 00:03:48,240 Speaker 2: for the best end. And that's also Ryl's kind of 58 00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:53,520 Speaker 2: that's his philosophy of inconsequence, why really bother because everything's 59 00:03:53,560 --> 00:03:55,400 Speaker 2: so great and it's just how it ought to be? 60 00:03:56,080 --> 00:04:01,560 Speaker 1: Zelig force Gump, polonious Pangloss. Oh, and one more. 61 00:04:01,760 --> 00:04:05,480 Speaker 2: That reminds me of the Dorothy Thompson who goes Nazi 62 00:04:05,680 --> 00:04:08,840 Speaker 2: quote that he has been treated to forms of education 63 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:12,400 Speaker 2: which have released him from inhibitions. His body is vigorous, 64 00:04:12,600 --> 00:04:16,440 Speaker 2: his mind is childish. His soul has been almost completely neglected. 65 00:04:16,640 --> 00:04:22,000 Speaker 1: A yes. Remember Dorothy Thompson's parlor game where she describes 66 00:04:22,040 --> 00:04:25,000 Speaker 1: going to parties, looking around the room and picking out 67 00:04:25,040 --> 00:04:28,640 Speaker 1: which person was most likely to go Nazi. Thompson had 68 00:04:28,640 --> 00:04:34,720 Speaker 1: two particularly interesting archetypes, misters B and C. Charles Cheryl 69 00:04:35,240 --> 00:04:41,400 Speaker 1: was the embodiment of mister B. Mister B has risen 70 00:04:41,480 --> 00:04:45,360 Speaker 1: beyond his real abilities by virtue of health, good looks, 71 00:04:45,680 --> 00:04:48,479 Speaker 1: and being a good mixer. He married for money, and 72 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:51,120 Speaker 1: he's done lots of other things for money. His code 73 00:04:51,160 --> 00:04:53,760 Speaker 1: is not his own. It is that of his class, 74 00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:57,880 Speaker 1: no worse, no better. He fits easily into whatever pattern 75 00:04:57,960 --> 00:05:04,240 Speaker 1: is successful. That is his measure of value. Success. Nazism 76 00:05:04,440 --> 00:05:07,760 Speaker 1: as a minority movement would not attract him. As a 77 00:05:07,800 --> 00:05:15,200 Speaker 1: movement likely to attain power, it would. My name is 78 00:05:15,200 --> 00:05:18,880 Speaker 1: Malcolm Gladwell. You're listening to Revisionist History, my podcast about 79 00:05:18,880 --> 00:05:23,200 Speaker 1: things overlooked and misunderstood. This is episode two in our 80 00:05:23,240 --> 00:05:27,840 Speaker 1: series Hitler's Olympics, How and Why America went to the 81 00:05:27,920 --> 00:05:36,120 Speaker 1: nineteen thirty six Games. Charles Cheryl grew up in Washington, 82 00:05:36,200 --> 00:05:39,600 Speaker 1: d c. His father made a lot of money lobbying 83 00:05:39,640 --> 00:05:42,760 Speaker 1: for the big railroad interests. He went to college at Yale, 84 00:05:43,080 --> 00:05:45,640 Speaker 1: then worked for a time as a lawyer on Wall Street. 85 00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:50,799 Speaker 1: He was tall, slender, with a long imperial nose, bright 86 00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:54,320 Speaker 1: twinkling eyes, a full head of blonde hair, and a 87 00:05:54,360 --> 00:06:00,000 Speaker 1: thriving mustache. He wrote twenty books, mostly about stained glass. 88 00:06:00,720 --> 00:06:03,599 Speaker 1: It's his memoirs, though, that are ar tour de Force, 89 00:06:03,880 --> 00:06:10,920 Speaker 1: an unpublished three hundred and sixty page compendium of every anecdote, accolade, witticism, 90 00:06:11,200 --> 00:06:17,480 Speaker 1: and celebrity encounter in his entire life. Here is my favorite. 91 00:06:19,200 --> 00:06:22,159 Speaker 1: In October nineteen thirty one, I had the honor of 92 00:06:22,240 --> 00:06:25,880 Speaker 1: lunching alone at the White House with President Hoover because 93 00:06:25,880 --> 00:06:29,000 Speaker 1: he wanted me to undertake a certain matter, which I 94 00:06:29,040 --> 00:06:33,279 Speaker 1: guessed he thought me reluctant to do. That opening is 95 00:06:33,440 --> 00:06:36,920 Speaker 1: very Charles Cheryl. He was not the sort who volunteered. 96 00:06:37,400 --> 00:06:40,960 Speaker 1: That would be ghusch. He waited for opportunity to ask 97 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:46,440 Speaker 1: him to lunch. It was an excellent luncheon, he continues, 98 00:06:47,040 --> 00:06:49,520 Speaker 1: and I was pleased to see upon each of the 99 00:06:49,560 --> 00:06:54,560 Speaker 1: four corners of the table small silver dishes containing cherries. 100 00:06:55,520 --> 00:06:58,400 Speaker 1: I am very fond of cherries, and so looked forward 101 00:06:58,480 --> 00:07:02,880 Speaker 1: to indulging in them when the arrived. Therefore, while I 102 00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:05,480 Speaker 1: was partaking out of a cup of soup, the President 103 00:07:05,720 --> 00:07:09,000 Speaker 1: ate the cherries out of his dish and remarked to me, 104 00:07:09,800 --> 00:07:13,240 Speaker 1: I see you do not like cherries, and then proceeded 105 00:07:13,520 --> 00:07:16,440 Speaker 1: to eat all the cherries out of all four dishes. 106 00:07:16,760 --> 00:07:19,960 Speaker 1: This stunned me, but of course I made a comment 107 00:07:20,040 --> 00:07:25,480 Speaker 1: upon his disposal of all the cherries in sight. The 108 00:07:25,520 --> 00:07:28,440 Speaker 1: President then makes a pitch for the post. He wants 109 00:07:28,520 --> 00:07:32,920 Speaker 1: Cheryl to take some minor ambassadorship or blue ribbon panel. 110 00:07:33,440 --> 00:07:37,800 Speaker 1: Cheryl demurs. The President is crestfallen, but as they leave 111 00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:44,360 Speaker 1: the luncheon, Cheryl turns to Hoover and gently says, I think, sir, 112 00:07:44,840 --> 00:07:47,200 Speaker 1: that you do not realize that a man does not 113 00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:50,160 Speaker 1: always know just what the other man likes or does 114 00:07:50,240 --> 00:07:53,880 Speaker 1: not like. For example, at luncheon, you said I did 115 00:07:53,920 --> 00:07:57,760 Speaker 1: not appear to like cherries, But you are mistake, because 116 00:07:57,800 --> 00:08:00,000 Speaker 1: I am very fond of cherries. But there might be 117 00:08:00,280 --> 00:08:02,960 Speaker 1: something else which I would like to do to serve you, 118 00:08:03,280 --> 00:08:05,960 Speaker 1: which I like as much as I like cherries, and 119 00:08:06,120 --> 00:08:09,520 Speaker 1: possibly it is something that you have not thought of 120 00:08:10,080 --> 00:08:15,600 Speaker 1: in connection with me. And then the kicker, perhaps this 121 00:08:15,720 --> 00:08:19,440 Speaker 1: remark of mine has something to do with his subsequently 122 00:08:19,520 --> 00:08:25,120 Speaker 1: asking me to undertake the embassy to Turkey. I mean, 123 00:08:25,760 --> 00:08:28,200 Speaker 1: can you see why we are so fascinated with Cheryl? 124 00:08:28,560 --> 00:08:30,800 Speaker 1: It's all there in the showdown over the cherry bowl, 125 00:08:31,200 --> 00:08:34,680 Speaker 1: his willingness to speak truth to power, his will to succeed, 126 00:08:35,080 --> 00:08:40,840 Speaker 1: his daring conversational gambits. Cheryl's most enduring fame, however, was 127 00:08:40,960 --> 00:08:44,440 Speaker 1: as a sportsman. He was a champion sprinter at Yale. 128 00:08:44,600 --> 00:08:47,360 Speaker 1: He never went to the Olympics, but he did briefly 129 00:08:47,360 --> 00:08:50,240 Speaker 1: share the world record for the hundred yard dash. But 130 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:52,680 Speaker 1: that was just part of it. You know how sprinter's 131 00:08:52,679 --> 00:08:55,120 Speaker 1: crouch at the start of every race instead of standing. 132 00:08:56,040 --> 00:09:01,960 Speaker 1: Charles Cheryl invented the crouching start, or at least he 133 00:09:02,040 --> 00:09:02,600 Speaker 1: says he did. 134 00:09:02,880 --> 00:09:04,920 Speaker 4: Any One that looked at my hand will be that 135 00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:08,400 Speaker 4: I have a luck line which surprises all of those 136 00:09:08,440 --> 00:09:09,840 Speaker 4: who are wise in such. 137 00:09:09,720 --> 00:09:13,800 Speaker 1: Such Cheryl was much sought after as an after dinner speaker, 138 00:09:13,960 --> 00:09:16,200 Speaker 1: and he would often begin with a story or two 139 00:09:16,480 --> 00:09:21,640 Speaker 1: of his halcyon days at Yale as a champion athletic innovator. 140 00:09:22,080 --> 00:09:26,400 Speaker 4: Which brings me to the athletic thought that although I 141 00:09:26,520 --> 00:09:33,200 Speaker 4: should play credit for the invention of the catching start, 142 00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:37,120 Speaker 4: the real fact is that it's due more to luck 143 00:09:37,240 --> 00:09:40,400 Speaker 4: than brain. I happened upon it and it turned out 144 00:09:40,480 --> 00:09:43,600 Speaker 4: to be worth at least the yard, and I got 145 00:09:43,679 --> 00:09:46,880 Speaker 4: credit or something with my luck really deserved. 146 00:09:49,280 --> 00:09:51,240 Speaker 1: You know how you have an uncle who stole home 147 00:09:51,280 --> 00:09:53,560 Speaker 1: in the little league to win the county championship and 148 00:09:53,640 --> 00:09:57,800 Speaker 1: he's still telling that story fifty years later. Cheryl was 149 00:09:57,920 --> 00:10:00,239 Speaker 1: like that with the crouching start. 150 00:10:01,679 --> 00:10:04,600 Speaker 2: He has this glorious life that everyone in the world 151 00:10:04,640 --> 00:10:07,600 Speaker 2: is basically supporting, because even he get has all these 152 00:10:07,679 --> 00:10:12,880 Speaker 2: letters from presidents just being not saying anything important, but 153 00:10:12,960 --> 00:10:17,440 Speaker 2: being like, Chaz loved your book on stayin Glass. Yeah, 154 00:10:17,720 --> 00:10:21,800 Speaker 2: like three paragraphs from Teddy Roosevelt telling him how great 155 00:10:21,840 --> 00:10:23,720 Speaker 2: his book on stained Glass is. And I believe that 156 00:10:23,800 --> 00:10:26,280 Speaker 2: he actually read Charles Cheryl's book on Stained Glass. But 157 00:10:26,880 --> 00:10:29,080 Speaker 2: for what reason other than to make Cheryl feel good 158 00:10:29,080 --> 00:10:31,360 Speaker 2: about himself, which is just the mission of even the 159 00:10:31,360 --> 00:10:32,800 Speaker 2: most powerful man in the world. 160 00:10:33,720 --> 00:10:37,520 Speaker 1: Do you know about the Teddy Roosevelt. There's a great 161 00:10:37,520 --> 00:10:42,320 Speaker 1: Teddy Roosevelt moment in uh oh, yeah, he goes to 162 00:10:42,320 --> 00:10:46,800 Speaker 1: see Roosevelt. This is from his tires and he's he 163 00:10:46,840 --> 00:10:48,800 Speaker 1: waits for half an hour before going into the president 164 00:10:48,840 --> 00:10:51,760 Speaker 1: study because Booker Washington had been called called in to 165 00:10:51,840 --> 00:10:54,320 Speaker 1: advise up upon a speech touching on the colored race. 166 00:10:54,640 --> 00:10:56,679 Speaker 1: So just so we know, like he's. 167 00:10:56,480 --> 00:10:58,160 Speaker 2: Like, something meaningful is really going on. 168 00:10:58,559 --> 00:11:02,040 Speaker 1: Booker T. Washington was one of the most important African 169 00:11:02,120 --> 00:11:05,120 Speaker 1: American leaders of his generation, and they're talking about the 170 00:11:05,200 --> 00:11:08,240 Speaker 1: central problem facing the American public. And Cheryl is like 171 00:11:08,280 --> 00:11:12,560 Speaker 1: waiting impatiently because he said, I followed him and after 172 00:11:12,559 --> 00:11:15,120 Speaker 1: the purpose of my visit was concluded a rose to leave. 173 00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:18,320 Speaker 1: The President asked my opinion of two bronzes. One was 174 00:11:18,400 --> 00:11:20,800 Speaker 1: the Bronco Buster, which had been presented to him by 175 00:11:20,800 --> 00:11:23,200 Speaker 1: the old Regiment, the rough Riders. The other was the 176 00:11:23,280 --> 00:11:26,000 Speaker 1: Crouching Start by Tate McKenzie. 177 00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:29,520 Speaker 2: Ah, that's that's what I found in the museum. 178 00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:33,120 Speaker 1: We are deep into digression mode here, But at some 179 00:11:33,200 --> 00:11:36,560 Speaker 1: point in our mutual obsession with Charles Cheryl Ben found 180 00:11:36,640 --> 00:11:40,520 Speaker 1: himself in a community museum in some waspy corner of Connecticut, 181 00:11:40,720 --> 00:11:44,439 Speaker 1: and stumbled upon a statue of a tall, handsome man 182 00:11:45,160 --> 00:11:50,080 Speaker 1: in a crouching start. Chills went down his spine exactly exactly, 183 00:11:50,559 --> 00:11:54,320 Speaker 1: I laughingly declared my inability to give any unprejudiced answer 184 00:11:54,600 --> 00:11:57,880 Speaker 1: because I was the first runner to use the crouching start. 185 00:11:58,400 --> 00:11:58,840 Speaker 2: Not true. 186 00:11:58,840 --> 00:12:01,600 Speaker 1: By the way, come back here and sit down, snapped 187 00:12:01,760 --> 00:12:06,800 Speaker 1: out the President, and then followed a rapid fire useilade 188 00:12:07,320 --> 00:12:11,960 Speaker 1: as to why that start had been invented, its advantages, limitations, etc. 189 00:12:12,480 --> 00:12:14,679 Speaker 1: Until I felt as if a stomach pump had been 190 00:12:14,720 --> 00:12:16,040 Speaker 1: applied to my brain. 191 00:12:16,880 --> 00:12:20,360 Speaker 5: Like just so we understand, Roosevelt has just met what 192 00:12:20,480 --> 00:12:24,160 Speaker 5: Booker t WASHINGTD to discuss the central issue facing the Republic, 193 00:12:24,320 --> 00:12:28,640 Speaker 5: which is the continued like crime be committed against the 194 00:12:28,640 --> 00:12:29,200 Speaker 5: black people. 195 00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:33,880 Speaker 1: Cheryl shows up, Now what does the president do? Finally 196 00:12:33,920 --> 00:12:36,280 Speaker 1: comes alive with the question of the origin of the 197 00:12:36,320 --> 00:12:40,800 Speaker 1: crouching start. Presidents were impressed by Charles Cheryl, and so 198 00:12:41,559 --> 00:12:44,000 Speaker 1: was an organization that lies at the very heart of 199 00:12:44,000 --> 00:12:51,160 Speaker 1: this story, the International Olympic Committee the IOC. The IOC 200 00:12:51,360 --> 00:12:54,079 Speaker 1: is the governing body of the Olympic Games then is now. 201 00:12:54,200 --> 00:12:57,920 Speaker 1: It is based in Lauzon, Switzerland, neutral territory. It has 202 00:12:58,000 --> 00:13:02,040 Speaker 1: ultimate control over all aspects of the games, the rules, 203 00:13:02,200 --> 00:13:05,160 Speaker 1: the events, the schedule, where the games are held, Who 204 00:13:05,200 --> 00:13:10,480 Speaker 1: gets invited. The organization's founder was Pierre de Coupertan Baron 205 00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:14,559 Speaker 1: de Cupertin, a French aristocrat. He got the modern game 206 00:13:14,640 --> 00:13:18,280 Speaker 1: started in Greece in eighteen ninety six, planted the seed, 207 00:13:18,679 --> 00:13:22,080 Speaker 1: and from the beginning he surrounded himself with his friends, 208 00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:27,520 Speaker 1: basically other aristocrats. He referred to them as the trusted Men. 209 00:13:28,640 --> 00:13:32,000 Speaker 1: The Baron's successor to run the IOC was Count Henri 210 00:13:32,200 --> 00:13:36,880 Speaker 1: dubayers LeTour of Belgium. Someone once wrote of the Count's wife, 211 00:13:37,120 --> 00:13:42,559 Speaker 1: the Comtesse Elizabeth von Clarie Unaldringen. She traveled widely as 212 00:13:42,600 --> 00:13:47,120 Speaker 1: her husband was a passionate tourist. The comtest was also 213 00:13:47,200 --> 00:13:49,400 Speaker 1: a Nazi, who wrote a personal note of thanks to 214 00:13:49,440 --> 00:13:52,800 Speaker 1: Adolf Hitler after he invaded her country. But we're getting 215 00:13:52,840 --> 00:13:57,679 Speaker 1: ahead of ourselves. Another Olympic committee member, his Excellency the 216 00:13:57,720 --> 00:14:02,040 Speaker 1: most excellent, the Marquise of sam the Spanish aristocrat who 217 00:14:02,080 --> 00:14:05,760 Speaker 1: ran the IOC for twenty one years. One biographical note 218 00:14:05,760 --> 00:14:09,840 Speaker 1: on Samarank reads that quote. During his studies he practiced 219 00:14:09,960 --> 00:14:14,360 Speaker 1: roller hockey, for which he created world Championships, which the 220 00:14:14,400 --> 00:14:17,960 Speaker 1: Spanish team won roller hockey. He picks a sport no 221 00:14:18,000 --> 00:14:21,240 Speaker 1: one plays, and then invents a world championships where he 222 00:14:21,320 --> 00:14:23,600 Speaker 1: has to be the favorite. I mean, that is just 223 00:14:23,640 --> 00:14:29,040 Speaker 1: about the most perfect description of enterprising white guy privilege ever. 224 00:14:30,120 --> 00:14:34,240 Speaker 1: And let's not forget about Lord David George brownlow Cecil Berlin, 225 00:14:34,680 --> 00:14:37,560 Speaker 1: heir to the Marquess of Exeter, who once ran around 226 00:14:37,560 --> 00:14:40,320 Speaker 1: the upper promenade deck of the Queen Mary Ocean Liner 227 00:14:40,360 --> 00:14:45,320 Speaker 1: in fifty seven seconds dressed in street clothes, a record 228 00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:48,720 Speaker 1: that I'm pretty sure still stands. Burgley was the one 229 00:14:48,720 --> 00:14:52,120 Speaker 1: who bestowed the golden bronze medals on the American runners 230 00:14:52,200 --> 00:14:54,800 Speaker 1: John Carlos and Tommy Smith at the Mexico Games in 231 00:14:54,840 --> 00:14:58,400 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty eight, where on the victory stand the two 232 00:14:58,560 --> 00:15:02,520 Speaker 1: famously raised glove fists in a black power salute. When 233 00:15:02,560 --> 00:15:05,880 Speaker 1: asked why Carlos and Smith wore gloves that day, Burley said, 234 00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:12,680 Speaker 1: I thought they'd hurt their hands. These were the men 235 00:15:13,080 --> 00:15:16,160 Speaker 1: of the Io Sea. They would meet every year or 236 00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:18,480 Speaker 1: so in a grand hotel in one of the many 237 00:15:18,520 --> 00:15:21,880 Speaker 1: storied capitals of Europe, put on long black coats and 238 00:15:21,960 --> 00:15:24,840 Speaker 1: striped pants and bowler hats, drink a lot of Chateau 239 00:15:24,920 --> 00:15:28,640 Speaker 1: Lafitte Rothschild, and regale each other with stories of past 240 00:15:28,800 --> 00:15:34,680 Speaker 1: athletic triumphs. It was the greatest men's club in the world, 241 00:15:35,280 --> 00:15:38,080 Speaker 1: and in retrospect, it was surely only a matter of 242 00:15:38,120 --> 00:15:41,840 Speaker 1: time before the IOC set their sights on a certain 243 00:15:42,520 --> 00:15:48,240 Speaker 1: dashing mustachiote sprinting champion from New York City who held 244 00:15:48,320 --> 00:15:53,120 Speaker 1: the ear of Presidents. Let me read to you from 245 00:15:53,160 --> 00:15:56,400 Speaker 1: the June eighth, nineteen twenty two edition of the New 246 00:15:56,480 --> 00:16:02,440 Speaker 1: York Times. Olympic Committee Aleks Mister Cheryl will bring a 247 00:16:02,520 --> 00:16:05,640 Speaker 1: vast store of athletic knowledge to the Committee. While at 248 00:16:05,720 --> 00:16:09,640 Speaker 1: Yale he won the intercollegiate one hundred yard dash championship 249 00:16:09,880 --> 00:16:14,200 Speaker 1: four years in succession. He was wait for it, the 250 00:16:14,280 --> 00:16:17,760 Speaker 1: originator of the crouching start, which is now used in 251 00:16:17,840 --> 00:16:23,120 Speaker 1: all sprints in every section of the world. Zelig Forrest Gum, 252 00:16:23,320 --> 00:16:28,320 Speaker 1: Polonius Pangloss, Mister b and the Thomas Edison of the 253 00:16:28,360 --> 00:16:31,440 Speaker 1: crouching start. Our man of parts has now been given 254 00:16:31,680 --> 00:16:36,040 Speaker 1: his greatest role ever a member of the International Olympic Committee, 255 00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:38,960 Speaker 1: and over the next decade his medal will be put 256 00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:42,480 Speaker 1: to the test do I dare to introduce yet another 257 00:16:42,560 --> 00:16:47,000 Speaker 1: literary analog, Hercules, of course, whom the Oracle of Delphi 258 00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:52,240 Speaker 1: directed to perform twelve trials in exchange for immortality, the 259 00:16:52,280 --> 00:16:55,440 Speaker 1: slaying of the Hydra, the cleansing of the augien Stables, 260 00:16:55,480 --> 00:16:58,440 Speaker 1: on and on. You read the Greek myths and immediately 261 00:16:58,480 --> 00:17:02,000 Speaker 1: your thinking of Charles Hitchcock Cheryl. And by the way, 262 00:17:02,240 --> 00:17:04,720 Speaker 1: where is the most famous depiction of the labors of 263 00:17:04,760 --> 00:17:08,879 Speaker 1: Hercules in a sculpture found in the Temple of Zeus 264 00:17:09,359 --> 00:17:20,320 Speaker 1: at Olympia. It all fits. Adolf Hitler's rise to the 265 00:17:20,400 --> 00:17:24,679 Speaker 1: leadership of Germany was swift. In nineteen twenty three, in 266 00:17:24,760 --> 00:17:28,359 Speaker 1: his mid thirties, he makes an incredibly clumsy coup attempt 267 00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:32,000 Speaker 1: in Munich and gets arrested. Spends nine months in prison, 268 00:17:32,160 --> 00:17:35,160 Speaker 1: where he writes Mankomfe his vision for a new ary 269 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:38,880 Speaker 1: in Germany, cleansed of Jews and outsiders, and as soon 270 00:17:38,920 --> 00:17:42,480 Speaker 1: as he gets out, his star ascends. By the time 271 00:17:42,520 --> 00:17:46,280 Speaker 1: our famous American journalist Dorothy Thompson interviews Hitler at the 272 00:17:46,320 --> 00:17:49,919 Speaker 1: Kaiserhoff Hotel in nineteen thirty one, the Nazis are the 273 00:17:50,040 --> 00:17:53,600 Speaker 1: second biggest party in the German parliament, and gaining ground, 274 00:17:54,280 --> 00:17:57,120 Speaker 1: and Thompson is trying to figure out whether Hitler can 275 00:17:57,160 --> 00:18:01,200 Speaker 1: actually get elected Chancellor, especially since he makes it clear 276 00:18:01,800 --> 00:18:06,919 Speaker 1: that he doesn't actually believe in democracy. Thompson wrote, people 277 00:18:06,960 --> 00:18:10,359 Speaker 1: were to awaken, and Hitler's movement was going to vote 278 00:18:10,400 --> 00:18:15,200 Speaker 1: dictatorship in in itself a fascinating idea. Imagine a would 279 00:18:15,200 --> 00:18:18,800 Speaker 1: be dictator setting out to persuade a sovereign people to 280 00:18:18,960 --> 00:18:24,280 Speaker 1: vote away their rights. In nineteen thirty three, Hitler pulls 281 00:18:24,320 --> 00:18:28,199 Speaker 1: it off. It comes to power almost immediately. There's a 282 00:18:28,200 --> 00:18:32,199 Speaker 1: boycott of Jewish businesses. People start beating up Jews in 283 00:18:32,240 --> 00:18:37,640 Speaker 1: the streets. Jews get banned from professional organizations and sports clubs. 284 00:18:38,200 --> 00:18:41,600 Speaker 1: The Nazis, it turns out, care a great deal about sports, 285 00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:46,439 Speaker 1: about physical fitness, about vigorous competition, and their vision of 286 00:18:46,520 --> 00:18:51,080 Speaker 1: sports does not include Jews. Germany's best tennis player at 287 00:18:51,119 --> 00:18:54,640 Speaker 1: the time is Jewish doctor Daniel Prenn, and he gets 288 00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:57,879 Speaker 1: kicked off the country's Davis Cup team. In the spring 289 00:18:57,920 --> 00:19:00,240 Speaker 1: of nineteen thirty three, the head of the German an 290 00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:04,320 Speaker 1: organizing committee for the Berlin Games, Teodolibald, is stripped of 291 00:19:04,359 --> 00:19:06,879 Speaker 1: his post because there were some Jewish people in his 292 00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:10,879 Speaker 1: family tree. In May of nineteen thirty three, the German 293 00:19:10,920 --> 00:19:14,520 Speaker 1: Sports Commissioner gives an interview where he says that German 294 00:19:14,640 --> 00:19:19,480 Speaker 1: sports are for arians. The American Jewish Congress sends a 295 00:19:19,520 --> 00:19:22,960 Speaker 1: telegram to the American delegates to the IOC. It says, 296 00:19:23,640 --> 00:19:27,320 Speaker 1: no jew in America or in other countries could, in 297 00:19:27,400 --> 00:19:31,120 Speaker 1: self respect undertake to appear in Germany under present conditions. 298 00:19:32,160 --> 00:19:36,199 Speaker 1: The Olympic ideal and the Nazi agenda are on a 299 00:19:36,240 --> 00:19:44,040 Speaker 1: collision course. Now it's June nineteen thirty three. The IOC 300 00:19:44,320 --> 00:19:47,159 Speaker 1: has its big meetings set for Vienna. It was almost 301 00:19:47,160 --> 00:19:50,520 Speaker 1: certainly at the Hotel Imperial, a magnificent building in the 302 00:19:50,560 --> 00:19:56,480 Speaker 1: Italian Neo Renaissance style, marble lobby, coffered ceilings, crystal chandeliers. 303 00:19:56,800 --> 00:19:59,320 Speaker 1: No other place would be up to the IOC's standards. 304 00:20:00,040 --> 00:20:03,040 Speaker 1: Little known fact about the Imperial, by the way, Hitler 305 00:20:03,080 --> 00:20:05,920 Speaker 1: worked there briefly as a janitor when he was bombing 306 00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:09,720 Speaker 1: around Vienna in his twenties. Sixty six delegates are coming 307 00:20:09,760 --> 00:20:13,639 Speaker 1: for the IOC meeting from every country of significance in 308 00:20:13,680 --> 00:20:17,080 Speaker 1: the world. The Men's Club has gathered in their long 309 00:20:17,160 --> 00:20:21,120 Speaker 1: black coats, their striped pants and bowler hats. A special 310 00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:25,000 Speaker 1: program is printed up for all in attendance, which begins 311 00:20:25,400 --> 00:20:31,640 Speaker 1: on its opening page with a questionnaire. Are you a sportsman? One? 312 00:20:31,840 --> 00:20:34,600 Speaker 1: Do you play the game for the game's sake? Two? 313 00:20:34,760 --> 00:20:38,320 Speaker 1: Do you play for your team and not yourself? Three? 314 00:20:38,480 --> 00:20:43,680 Speaker 1: Do you carry out your captain's orders without question or criticism? Four? 315 00:20:44,200 --> 00:20:49,520 Speaker 1: Do you accept the umpire's decision absolutely? Five? Do you 316 00:20:49,600 --> 00:20:55,439 Speaker 1: win without swank and lose without grousing? And then the 317 00:20:55,480 --> 00:20:59,959 Speaker 1: crucial one six would you rather lose than do anything 318 00:21:00,080 --> 00:21:04,960 Speaker 1: which you are not sure is fair? The Vienna meeting 319 00:21:05,160 --> 00:21:10,280 Speaker 1: focuses squarely on that sixth question. A true sportsman would 320 00:21:10,359 --> 00:21:13,159 Speaker 1: rather lose than do anything that wasn't fair, And the 321 00:21:13,240 --> 00:21:16,680 Speaker 1: delegates are perfectly aware of what's going on in Germany. 322 00:21:17,359 --> 00:21:21,320 Speaker 1: Not letting Jews compete simply because they are Jews is 323 00:21:21,720 --> 00:21:24,959 Speaker 1: for the sportsman surely the definition of unfairness. 324 00:21:25,760 --> 00:21:34,440 Speaker 4: But our International Committee does not concern itself with internal 325 00:21:34,480 --> 00:21:39,480 Speaker 4: athletic conditions in any country, but only with the choice 326 00:21:39,520 --> 00:21:43,760 Speaker 4: of that country's members for its Olympic team. 327 00:21:44,119 --> 00:21:47,400 Speaker 1: This is Cheryl in a speech outlining the Commission's dilemma 328 00:21:47,440 --> 00:21:48,280 Speaker 1: that week in Vienna. 329 00:21:48,760 --> 00:21:52,520 Speaker 4: Now that's very important to remember with that choice, we 330 00:21:52,640 --> 00:21:56,840 Speaker 4: insist that race, religion, color, and sofar shall. 331 00:21:56,560 --> 00:22:02,320 Speaker 1: Not interfere cognitive dissonance upon us. And the Olympic committee 332 00:22:02,320 --> 00:22:05,720 Speaker 1: members have four ways they can resolve it. They can 333 00:22:05,800 --> 00:22:09,080 Speaker 1: move the game somewhere else. They can cancel the games 334 00:22:09,119 --> 00:22:11,080 Speaker 1: the way they did in nineteen sixteen in the middle 335 00:22:11,119 --> 00:22:14,040 Speaker 1: of the First World War. They can keep the games 336 00:22:14,040 --> 00:22:18,480 Speaker 1: in Berlin and simply let everyone boycott. Or they can 337 00:22:18,560 --> 00:22:21,240 Speaker 1: convince the Nazis to have a change of heart when 338 00:22:21,240 --> 00:22:24,560 Speaker 1: it comes to their Jewish athletes. What should they do? 339 00:22:26,359 --> 00:22:28,560 Speaker 1: Let us put ourselves in the mind of our hero, 340 00:22:29,040 --> 00:22:33,680 Speaker 1: Charles Hitchcock Cheryl. He has sailed the Atlantic ninety times. 341 00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:37,200 Speaker 1: He has written a book on German stained glass windows. 342 00:22:37,480 --> 00:22:41,400 Speaker 1: He knows the Teutonic soul and did not Charles Hitchcock 343 00:22:41,520 --> 00:22:44,600 Speaker 1: Cheryl stare down the President of the United States over 344 00:22:44,640 --> 00:22:50,480 Speaker 1: the thorny issue of the disputed cherrybyl Why bow to tyranny? 345 00:22:50,760 --> 00:22:55,600 Speaker 1: Why not compel tyranny to bow to you? The last 346 00:22:55,640 --> 00:22:59,879 Speaker 1: option to convince the Nazis to be less Nazi was 347 00:22:59,880 --> 00:23:03,680 Speaker 1: the only choice. Cheryl sends a telegram home to the 348 00:23:03,720 --> 00:23:08,480 Speaker 1: American Jewish Congress, rest assured that I shall stoutly maintain 349 00:23:08,600 --> 00:23:14,520 Speaker 1: the American principle that all citizens are equal under the law. 350 00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:17,919 Speaker 1: The key business of the Vienna meeting was conducted by 351 00:23:17,960 --> 00:23:21,200 Speaker 1: a six man executive committee headed by the Belgian count 352 00:23:21,320 --> 00:23:25,679 Speaker 1: Henri du Baye LeTour, and Cheryl, by virtue of his 353 00:23:25,760 --> 00:23:29,720 Speaker 1: stature as a diplomat and storied athlete, is the key 354 00:23:29,800 --> 00:23:34,359 Speaker 1: player in that inner circle. They meet behind closed doors. 355 00:23:34,760 --> 00:23:39,159 Speaker 1: Imagine a room full of mustachio gentlemen in an ornate 356 00:23:39,240 --> 00:23:44,679 Speaker 1: conference room festooned with portraits of other mustachio gentlemen. Cheryl 357 00:23:44,920 --> 00:23:48,040 Speaker 1: by LeTour and the English delegate on one side of 358 00:23:48,040 --> 00:23:52,200 Speaker 1: the long oak conference table, the Germans on the other. 359 00:23:53,119 --> 00:23:56,399 Speaker 1: It was a trying fight, Cheryl explains later in a 360 00:23:56,480 --> 00:23:59,720 Speaker 1: letter to a friend. The British said, let the Germans be, 361 00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:04,640 Speaker 1: but Cheryl would have none of it. The Germans yielded slowly, 362 00:24:04,840 --> 00:24:08,560 Speaker 1: very slowly. First they conceded that the other nations could 363 00:24:08,600 --> 00:24:12,800 Speaker 1: bring Jews. Then I went at them hard, insisting that 364 00:24:13,040 --> 00:24:17,159 Speaker 1: as they had expressly excluded Jews, now they must expressly 365 00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:23,280 Speaker 1: declare that Jews would not even be excluded from German teams. 366 00:24:24,280 --> 00:24:27,040 Speaker 1: He would tell this story often in the intervening years. 367 00:24:27,760 --> 00:24:32,840 Speaker 4: I personally fearing unfair treatment of Jewish athlete in the 368 00:24:32,880 --> 00:24:38,880 Speaker 4: selection for the German nineteen thirty sixth Olympic team. Made 369 00:24:38,920 --> 00:24:42,119 Speaker 4: it my business who pushed the points so far that 370 00:24:42,240 --> 00:24:47,880 Speaker 4: our committee received from the German Ministry of Interior Ministerium 371 00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:52,560 Speaker 4: dos Center a letter of three short paragraphs, third of 372 00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:58,199 Speaker 4: which reads, as a principal German Jews shall not be 373 00:24:58,280 --> 00:25:03,399 Speaker 4: excluded from German team at the game of the eleventh Olympia. 374 00:25:03,720 --> 00:25:07,399 Speaker 4: At his next year, I had the honor of drafting 375 00:25:07,760 --> 00:25:12,960 Speaker 4: that third paragraph. Perhaps you will agree that I felt 376 00:25:13,920 --> 00:25:18,760 Speaker 4: everyone at home and abroad thought that I was thus 377 00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:23,320 Speaker 4: doing my best for the Jews. 378 00:25:24,840 --> 00:25:28,600 Speaker 1: In Vienna, there are reporters gathered at the hotel waiting 379 00:25:28,640 --> 00:25:33,920 Speaker 1: for news to break. Cheryl emerges, triumphant that games will 380 00:25:33,960 --> 00:25:36,800 Speaker 1: go on. A cheer goes up around the world. The 381 00:25:36,840 --> 00:25:40,640 Speaker 1: New York Times, Charles Cheryl's newspaper of record, calls him 382 00:25:40,840 --> 00:25:45,320 Speaker 1: a hero. The straightforward character of the promise obtained from 383 00:25:45,320 --> 00:25:48,679 Speaker 1: the German government came as all the greater surprise, and 384 00:25:48,720 --> 00:25:51,800 Speaker 1: the opinion was expressed that a real blow had been 385 00:25:51,880 --> 00:25:55,359 Speaker 1: struck in the cause of racial freedom, at least in 386 00:25:55,400 --> 00:26:00,520 Speaker 1: the realm of sports. Charles Cheryl confronts the contradt of 387 00:26:00,560 --> 00:26:04,280 Speaker 1: the Berlin Games, the cognitive dissonance of a pure competition 388 00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:09,080 Speaker 1: in an impure place, and he resolves it how not 389 00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:13,040 Speaker 1: like Dorothy Thompson. She said, you resolve it by not going. 390 00:26:13,480 --> 00:26:17,000 Speaker 1: He says, no, you resolve it by making the impure 391 00:26:17,040 --> 00:26:21,600 Speaker 1: place pure, by staring down his German counterparts across the 392 00:26:21,600 --> 00:26:26,480 Speaker 1: negotiating table, and through sheer force of personality and intelligence 393 00:26:26,840 --> 00:26:30,640 Speaker 1: and courage and good old fashioned New York City moxie, 394 00:26:31,040 --> 00:26:35,880 Speaker 1: bending them to our will. The Vienna Declaration was Charles 395 00:26:36,080 --> 00:26:41,320 Speaker 1: Hitchcock Cheryl's finest hour. The controversy over the Games faded, 396 00:26:42,040 --> 00:26:49,400 Speaker 1: The Olympics were saved. Problem solved, right, Oh, no, problem 397 00:26:49,680 --> 00:26:50,520 Speaker 1: is just beginning. 398 00:27:00,480 --> 00:27:03,320 Speaker 2: I want to keep talking about what's funny about Charles Cheryl, 399 00:27:03,359 --> 00:27:05,560 Speaker 2: because I do think he's hilarious and he brings me 400 00:27:05,600 --> 00:27:08,440 Speaker 2: so much joy. I think he also raises a number 401 00:27:08,440 --> 00:27:13,240 Speaker 2: of very complicated moral questions. Yeah, and I found myself 402 00:27:13,280 --> 00:27:16,520 Speaker 2: at the end of the second day that I went 403 00:27:16,560 --> 00:27:19,160 Speaker 2: into the archives. His scrapbooks are at the New York 404 00:27:19,240 --> 00:27:20,160 Speaker 2: Historical Society. 405 00:27:21,080 --> 00:27:24,679 Speaker 1: The New York Historical Society is a massive bozar building 406 00:27:24,840 --> 00:27:28,680 Speaker 1: on Manhattan's Upper West Side, right by the Natural History Museum. 407 00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:32,520 Speaker 1: If you were a man of Charles Cheryl's stature, there 408 00:27:32,600 --> 00:27:35,880 Speaker 1: is no other place worthy of your collected papers. 409 00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:41,840 Speaker 2: So we found out that Charles Pitchcock Cheryl had lovingly 410 00:27:42,200 --> 00:27:45,639 Speaker 2: documented his entire life. You know, most archives you go to, 411 00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:49,040 Speaker 2: they're just boxes of stuff that was left to a library, 412 00:27:49,080 --> 00:27:50,479 Speaker 2: and then they had to figure out some kind of 413 00:27:50,800 --> 00:27:55,680 Speaker 2: archival organization's scheme for it. Not Charles Cheryl's papers. Everything 414 00:27:55,720 --> 00:27:59,280 Speaker 2: that he kept was preserved in a scrap book, in 415 00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:02,680 Speaker 2: actually four four scrap books that then when he died 416 00:28:02,720 --> 00:28:05,959 Speaker 2: in nineteen thirty six, his wife be queathed to the 417 00:28:05,960 --> 00:28:07,560 Speaker 2: New York Historical Society. 418 00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:12,879 Speaker 1: Ben spent days at Historical Society archives digging to the 419 00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:14,120 Speaker 1: Cheryl mother lord. 420 00:28:15,119 --> 00:28:18,119 Speaker 2: I mean they're all like six inches wide. And the 421 00:28:18,160 --> 00:28:23,120 Speaker 2: thing is, the legacy of Cheryl continues in the pristineness 422 00:28:23,240 --> 00:28:26,560 Speaker 2: of these scrap books. I mean, his ink doesn't fade, 423 00:28:27,160 --> 00:28:30,160 Speaker 2: the glue he uses to bind this stuff doesn't give, 424 00:28:30,440 --> 00:28:33,520 Speaker 2: and all of the paper was still so crisp and weighty. 425 00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:36,480 Speaker 2: Everything is written on these like robins egg blue and 426 00:28:36,600 --> 00:28:41,240 Speaker 2: pearl thick stock pages, or like silky diary pages. He 427 00:28:41,360 --> 00:28:45,959 Speaker 2: just had the best of everything, and it's all withstood 428 00:28:46,000 --> 00:28:46,720 Speaker 2: the test of time. 429 00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:53,000 Speaker 1: Was the wife in donating these materials? Let's accept for 430 00:28:53,080 --> 00:28:55,760 Speaker 1: a moment the premise that the wife may not have been, 431 00:28:56,480 --> 00:28:59,440 Speaker 1: the relationship may not have been. Should we say conventional? 432 00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:02,760 Speaker 1: Do you think she's Do you think she knows what 433 00:29:02,840 --> 00:29:07,560 Speaker 1: she's doing? Oh? The wife? We haven't talked about her yet. 434 00:29:07,880 --> 00:29:11,120 Speaker 1: She was the heir to the Berkshire Cotton manufacturing Company, 435 00:29:11,320 --> 00:29:15,800 Speaker 1: which would later merge with Hathaway to create you guessed it, 436 00:29:16,440 --> 00:29:20,360 Speaker 1: Berkshire Hathaway, which her family would turn around and sell 437 00:29:21,160 --> 00:29:24,360 Speaker 1: to a young Warren Buffett. Yet another way in which 438 00:29:24,400 --> 00:29:29,760 Speaker 1: the world turns around. Charles Hitchcock Cheryl. Anyhow, missus Charles 439 00:29:29,840 --> 00:29:33,760 Speaker 1: Hitchcock Cheryl takes the complete set of her husband's papers, 440 00:29:34,080 --> 00:29:38,560 Speaker 1: has them preserved in perpetuity, and apparently never checks to 441 00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:42,640 Speaker 1: see what's in them. Or maybe she does and she's 442 00:29:42,680 --> 00:29:47,000 Speaker 1: fine with it. Now. It's crucially important that he dies 443 00:29:47,040 --> 00:29:48,760 Speaker 1: in thirty six right. 444 00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:52,240 Speaker 2: The former head of manuscripts that the New York Historical 445 00:29:52,240 --> 00:29:56,000 Speaker 2: Society points out that this is the rare occasion on 446 00:29:56,040 --> 00:29:59,880 Speaker 2: which a American who really fell in love and hard 447 00:30:00,080 --> 00:30:03,680 Speaker 2: with the Nazi Party was unable to then sanitize his 448 00:30:03,760 --> 00:30:06,280 Speaker 2: records after seeing what happened in World War Two. So 449 00:30:06,320 --> 00:30:10,160 Speaker 2: what we have here is a perfectly preserved in amber. 450 00:30:10,280 --> 00:30:15,280 Speaker 2: It's like the Jurassic Park Mosquito of nineteen thirties American fascism, 451 00:30:15,560 --> 00:30:19,160 Speaker 2: because nothing there was, you know, already a very high 452 00:30:19,160 --> 00:30:21,520 Speaker 2: bar for self consciousness in Charles Cheryl's life, and so 453 00:30:23,240 --> 00:30:25,160 Speaker 2: the full force of his love for the Nazis is 454 00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:28,680 Speaker 2: on display in volume thirty five of his forty four 455 00:30:28,680 --> 00:30:29,720 Speaker 2: scrap book collection. 456 00:30:32,320 --> 00:30:35,360 Speaker 1: In our next episode, we delve into the buried treasure 457 00:30:35,600 --> 00:30:38,960 Speaker 1: of scrap Book thirty five, the uncensored journal of a 458 00:30:39,040 --> 00:30:42,120 Speaker 1: man in the process of going Nazi. 459 00:30:43,440 --> 00:30:46,840 Speaker 3: I'm an attendant lord, one that will do to swell 460 00:30:46,840 --> 00:30:50,960 Speaker 3: a progress, start a scene, or do advise the Prince, 461 00:30:52,080 --> 00:30:57,560 Speaker 3: no doubt, an easy tool, deferential, glad to be of use, politic, 462 00:30:57,760 --> 00:31:02,120 Speaker 3: cautious and particulous, full of high sentence, but a bit 463 00:31:02,200 --> 00:31:09,800 Speaker 3: of cute at times, indeed almost ridiculous, almost at times. 464 00:31:10,080 --> 00:31:28,360 Speaker 1: The fool Well Yes Religious History is produced by ben 465 00:31:28,440 --> 00:31:32,640 Speaker 1: Na daph Haffrey, Tolly Emlin and Nina Bird Lawrence. Our 466 00:31:32,840 --> 00:31:37,120 Speaker 1: editor is Sarah Nix. Fact checking by Arthur Gomberts and 467 00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:43,400 Speaker 1: Jail Goldfein. Original scoring by Luis Gara, mastering by Flan Williams, 468 00:31:43,440 --> 00:31:47,640 Speaker 1: Sarah Buger and Jake Gorsky. Engineering by Nina Bird Lawrence. 469 00:31:48,120 --> 00:31:53,200 Speaker 1: Our executive producer is Jacob Smith. Special thanks to Karen Chakerji. 470 00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:55,520 Speaker 1: I'm Malcolm gladwa