WEBVTT - Ep. 340: One-Day Trappers' War - Why Corrupt Leaders?

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<v Speaker 1>The stretch that the fought. The battle was taken is

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<v Speaker 1>by a mile. So the boat was going and they

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<v Speaker 1>was with the machine gun and the people from Delhiphot

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<v Speaker 1>were shooting over the level, you know, just shooting the

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<v Speaker 1>shot gun, the rifles whatever they had. Yeah, a lot

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<v Speaker 1>of them with bird shot, lot on wood buckshot would

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<v Speaker 1>kill the machine gun man. I don't know. I guess

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<v Speaker 1>just just shot them up with the way I understand.

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<v Speaker 1>The mortar was all shot up the boat. The cabin

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<v Speaker 1>on the boat was all shot up with bullet holes.

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<v Speaker 1>I guess that's what I could see, you know.

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<v Speaker 2>On this episode, we're getting into the nitty gritty details

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<v Speaker 2>of the November nineteen twenty six one day. It is

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<v Speaker 2>Laanio's Trappers War in South Louisiana over muskrat trapping rights.

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<v Speaker 2>We'll hear from two men whose fathers were involved in

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<v Speaker 2>the war. But a bigger question to me is why

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<v Speaker 2>is this region of the country known for producing corrupt leaders?

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<v Speaker 2>And is that even a fair question? This is a

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<v Speaker 2>look into human nature when it's corrupted by power and muskrats.

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<v Speaker 2>I really doubt that you're gonna want to miss this one.

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<v Speaker 2>And for anyone new to the bear Grease Feed. We

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<v Speaker 2>have multiple podcasts on this feed, bear Grease, The Render,

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<v Speaker 2>Brent's Country Life and Lake Pickles Backwoods University. The complexity

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<v Speaker 2>can be daunting, but the good times just keep rolling.

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<v Speaker 2>I hope you enjoyed this episode. My name is klay

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<v Speaker 2>Nukem and this is the bear Grease Podcast where we'll

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<v Speaker 2>explore things forgotten but relevant, search for insight and unlikely

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<v Speaker 2>places and where will tell the story of Americans who

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<v Speaker 2>lived their lives close to the land. Presented by f

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<v Speaker 2>HF gear, American made purpose built hunting and fishing gear

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<v Speaker 2>as designed to be as rugged as the places we explore.

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<v Speaker 2>We established in the last episode the culture of the

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<v Speaker 2>Islamios trappers camps on Delacroix Island in Louisiana in the

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<v Speaker 2>nineteen twenties and how muskrat soared in value, making formerly

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<v Speaker 2>almost worthless swampland extremely valuable. This is Placamine Parish's Paul Legard.

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<v Speaker 3>In those days, there wasn't no you owned this piece

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<v Speaker 3>of land, and now the guy I owned up. It

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<v Speaker 3>was all opened priory. It was just like Wild West.

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<v Speaker 3>And when you know when a story at the beginning

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<v Speaker 3>of the season, you went out Dan, you picked out

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<v Speaker 3>spot and you put your trap on out and people

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<v Speaker 3>honored each other's areas. You know. You said. That went

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<v Speaker 3>on for a few years, and the politicians got involved

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<v Speaker 3>with it, but what they wanted to do was take

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<v Speaker 3>a percentage away from each trapper, and they wouldn't go

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<v Speaker 3>for it. People have been trapping at Landfa at that

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<v Speaker 3>time almost one hundred and fifty years, you know, and

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<v Speaker 3>now they had camps. People used to build camps in

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<v Speaker 3>the priory for they could. The whole family went out

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<v Speaker 3>there and uh in some cases, and they spent the winter,

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<v Speaker 3>you know, trapping, and the women were cooking to take

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<v Speaker 3>care of as far as the men we're in up

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<v Speaker 3>properly working well. They pushed them on those camps and

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<v Speaker 3>they brought in trappers from West Louisiana are Texas. They

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<v Speaker 3>brought in own trappers and put them into camps.

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<v Speaker 2>What Paul is calling the prairie is what I understand

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<v Speaker 2>to be Swampland the people who had trapped here for

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<v Speaker 2>one hundred and fifty years were getting pushed out by

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<v Speaker 2>the politicians bringing in trappers from the outside. They'd been

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<v Speaker 2>double crossed by one of their own, a man named

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<v Speaker 2>Leander Perez, who had become the chairman of the Trappers Association.

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<v Speaker 2>He was also a judge in Plaquemine Parish. But when

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<v Speaker 2>he saw an opportunity to make a bunch of money,

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<v Speaker 2>he pushed out his own people and brought in new

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<v Speaker 2>trappers that played by his rules, paid more money for

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<v Speaker 2>the trapping leases, and sold the furs to him. The

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<v Speaker 2>Islanos were not gonna take this from Perez. Here's what

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<v Speaker 2>they did to the new trappers that were now in

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<v Speaker 2>their old camps.

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<v Speaker 3>My grandfather told them that those camps were not but

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<v Speaker 3>more or less a platform. They build a big platform

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<v Speaker 3>and they put a top paper shack around it, and

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<v Speaker 3>he said they they're waiting a gang of fellas, not

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<v Speaker 3>one guy, but a bunch of fellaws. Would wait until

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<v Speaker 3>say ten o'clock in the morning, when all the men

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<v Speaker 3>were out in the in the prairie trapping, and they

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<v Speaker 3>go and they take tell them, women, take all your

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<v Speaker 3>stuff and make it. They told us they didn't try

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<v Speaker 3>to hurt those people because they were working people, just

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<v Speaker 3>like they were. They make them take everything out the camp,

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<v Speaker 3>their supplies, their beds there, whatever they had, and they

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<v Speaker 3>you know, they had fifteen twenty guys. They picked that camp.

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<v Speaker 3>I'm trying to buy the whole camp. We're going to

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<v Speaker 3>buy you. So when that happened, they brought into Texas

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<v Speaker 3>Rangers to protect them, and uh, that's when the real

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<v Speaker 3>trouble started.

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<v Speaker 2>The real trouble started as Perez hired mercenaries to kill

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<v Speaker 2>and intimidate the eslonos. I'm trying to make sense of

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<v Speaker 2>how trapping muskrats could bring a community to bloodshed. We're

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<v Speaker 2>not talking about gold or black dirt, farmland or oil,

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<v Speaker 2>but a rat. We've been backed into a corner here, folks,

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<v Speaker 2>We've got to talk just a little bit about muskrats.

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<v Speaker 1>My name is Martin Cooker.

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<v Speaker 4>I work for the Mississippi Department of Wildlife Fishers in

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<v Speaker 4>Parks and I currently serve as the Nuisance Species program

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<v Speaker 4>Bologist and also the Furbearer Program Bologist.

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<v Speaker 2>This guy is a muskrat expert.

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<v Speaker 4>A rare breed, but the muskrat is in the rodent family,

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<v Speaker 4>native to the US and Canada. In the US, it

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<v Speaker 4>has at least fourteen different subspecies Virginia, Rocky Mountain, the

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<v Speaker 4>Oregon Coast, Nevada, the Great Plains, So there are subspecies

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<v Speaker 4>really depending on location, they're going to be about nine

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<v Speaker 4>fourteen inches long with a with a tail anywhere from

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<v Speaker 4>seven to twelve inches, so you're talking about twenty four

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<v Speaker 4>twenty six inches head to the end of the tail.

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<v Speaker 1>They're going to weigh.

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<v Speaker 4>Anywhere from like a pounds and a half to four

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<v Speaker 4>and a half pounds. Muskrats weren't really seeing that much

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<v Speaker 4>in Louisiana until like the late eighteen hundreds, especially like

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<v Speaker 4>in the coastal parishes. One of the things that they

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<v Speaker 4>put forth is that the decline in alligators due to

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<v Speaker 4>hunting and with the burning of the marshes to locate

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<v Speaker 4>the alligators, and also with the reduction in minx, all

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<v Speaker 4>were linked to the muskrat increase. Now, after that the

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<v Speaker 4>predators were gone away, the habitat's gone up, and then

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<v Speaker 4>the mush rats appeared in the millions. It was just

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<v Speaker 4>like a population explosion. It was an article in the

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<v Speaker 4>nineteen oh two in the New York Times. The headline

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<v Speaker 4>was the muskrat is the principal fur producer in America.

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<v Speaker 4>There was a quote from the I think the Fort

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<v Speaker 4>Worth Star in nineteen oh eight in this stated that

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<v Speaker 4>Louisiana has the largest fur trade in the world, all right,

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<v Speaker 4>And that now that is verifiable if you go back

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<v Speaker 4>and look at the records in Louisiana was the fur

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<v Speaker 4>trapping capital of the US fourth it was more first

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<v Speaker 4>coming from Louisiana anywhere else.

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<v Speaker 2>The muskrat trade peaked around nineteen twenty five, when they

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<v Speaker 2>were worth a dollar thirty each and a good trapper

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<v Speaker 2>could catch as many as one hundred and fifty day,

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<v Speaker 2>yielding thousands of dollars during the seventy five day season,

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<v Speaker 2>and several millions of dollars worth of muskrat firs were

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<v Speaker 2>flowing through Placamine Parish alone. I could see Steve Ranella

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<v Speaker 2>wanting to get in on that. Here is Wimpy Serenae.

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<v Speaker 2>He's eighty four years old and was raised on Delacroix

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<v Speaker 2>Island in the trapping camps. He's going to take us

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<v Speaker 2>right into the One Day War.

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<v Speaker 1>What happened with Perez in that it was long before parting,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, get out, but uh, Perez gathered up cagunes

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<v Speaker 1>from the west part of Louisiana, Texans gunslingers at that time,

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<v Speaker 1>it was really gun slingers, and he formed like a

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<v Speaker 1>little army. He monitored a machine gun on oyster board.

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<v Speaker 1>I think it was either boat. You know. What happened

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<v Speaker 1>before they attacked the people from Dinna crew found out

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<v Speaker 1>about it, that they were planning this thing. Matter of fact,

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<v Speaker 1>my dad used to have relatives in what they called

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<v Speaker 1>Kinnharven and uh, these Texans and that was hanging around

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<v Speaker 1>the ballrooms there, you know, and you heard overheard them saying,

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<v Speaker 1>we're gonna make some Spanish shop. Body these jokes down here,

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<v Speaker 1>you know. Yeah, so they found out about that day.

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<v Speaker 2>Who was your dad involved in finding out about it?

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, he found out about it, and I guess other

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<v Speaker 1>people did too, because they had relatives in Knoven And

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<v Speaker 1>this is what these guys used to hang on when

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<v Speaker 1>they was starting to get together, you know, and going

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<v Speaker 1>to barrooms in that and I guess they talked and

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<v Speaker 1>sort of people from Della Cruill find out that they

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<v Speaker 1>will come in.

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<v Speaker 2>After almost one hundred years, the people from Delacroix Island

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<v Speaker 2>still recalled the words that started this war and maybe

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<v Speaker 2>saved their lives. They overheard someone saying that they were

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<v Speaker 2>going to make some Spanish soup. And if you remember,

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<v Speaker 2>the Islanios were originally from the Canary islands off the

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<v Speaker 2>coast of Spain. So this region, this island, they spoke Spanish.

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<v Speaker 2>Here's filmmaker David Dubos who made the film Delta Justice,

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<v Speaker 2>the Islanios trappers.

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<v Speaker 5>War word filtered down from They got into a bar

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<v Speaker 5>not too far from where the Islanians were, and it

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<v Speaker 5>was literally just guys bragging in a bar that they

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<v Speaker 5>were going to go down to Ela Crow and make

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<v Speaker 5>Spanish soup out of the Islanios and just loud, drunken

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<v Speaker 5>stupidity and arrogance, and was overheard. And they went back

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<v Speaker 5>and told them what was happening, and you know that

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<v Speaker 5>was it.

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<v Speaker 2>So this this gunboat with these Texas Rangers, this machine

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<v Speaker 2>gun mounted on the boat come down, comes down the bayou.

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<v Speaker 2>There's a levee, yeah, which is like a damn that's

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<v Speaker 2>keeping the bayou from going into the onto the land.

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<v Speaker 2>And behind the levee is the Islanio's houses.

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<v Speaker 5>Right.

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<v Speaker 2>Author Glenn Jeanson estimated there to be four hundred armed

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<v Speaker 2>Islanios on the levee waiting on this gun boat when

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<v Speaker 2>it arrived. The machine gun was essentially a gatling gun

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<v Speaker 2>like on a World War two boat, and the captain

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<v Speaker 2>of the boat was J. H Asher, a former Texas

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<v Speaker 2>ranger from Dallas. They had no idea they were going

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<v Speaker 2>to be met with resistance. They thought they were just

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<v Speaker 2>going to take the boat down the bayou and just

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<v Speaker 2>splattered the Islaono's camps with rounds from that machine gun.

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<v Speaker 2>Who knew these people were so passionate about muskrats.

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<v Speaker 1>And the way I understand it, they moneled the machine

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<v Speaker 1>gun on the boat, and so they monited and they

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<v Speaker 1>came up what they called gentility. It was, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>the island, like I said, with the with the machine

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<v Speaker 1>gun and all of the Texans in that. But the

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<v Speaker 1>people from down there was ready. So they got their

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<v Speaker 1>shot gun. There was a levee whe whether if you

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<v Speaker 1>go down there, you can see the road is on

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<v Speaker 1>the levee the highway, and it was a higher levee

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<v Speaker 1>than what it is today because everything's singing, but anyway,

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<v Speaker 1>it was much higher. So they got behind the limit

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<v Speaker 1>with the shot and guns and whatever guns that they had,

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<v Speaker 1>and when they made the turn into the Bayer Terra

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<v Speaker 1>buff you know, they started with the machine gun, but

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<v Speaker 1>they also went I got back up a little bit.

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<v Speaker 1>It took the machine gun the night before and set

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<v Speaker 1>it to shoot over the levee, over the bank, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>to buying the bank. But what happened when they attacked

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<v Speaker 1>the next morning, the tide went down.

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<v Speaker 5>So they had to fix the machine gun, but it

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<v Speaker 5>couldn't reach the Islanios because.

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<v Speaker 2>They couldn't angle upwards correct.

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<v Speaker 5>So they were kind of stuck.

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<v Speaker 3>You know.

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<v Speaker 5>They tried to get it up and hang it up,

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<v Speaker 5>but that those things were enormously heavy. And then you're

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<v Speaker 5>in the line of fire too.

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<v Speaker 1>You have to remember that. So so when they couldn't

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<v Speaker 1>adjust it, that machine gun like the dude and did

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<v Speaker 1>it kind of so when they would shoot, it was

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<v Speaker 1>hitting the levee instead of hitting the people because the

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<v Speaker 1>tide went down, and so they would hit the bank. So,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, they didn't the machine gun didn't do them

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<v Speaker 1>too much good. And of Coastal had the other people

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<v Speaker 1>with their pistols and guns and what have you, and

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<v Speaker 1>they started that they wore right there and they they

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<v Speaker 1>shot up the the machine gun boat. They killed the

0:14:13.880 --> 0:14:17.520
<v Speaker 1>the only one was killed, the gun, the guy that

0:14:17.679 --> 0:14:20.520
<v Speaker 1>was running the machine gun boat. You know, quite a

0:14:20.520 --> 0:14:22.120
<v Speaker 1>few guns, quite a few guns.

0:14:22.240 --> 0:14:22.400
<v Speaker 5>Well.

0:14:22.440 --> 0:14:26.200
<v Speaker 1>The stretch that the fought the battle was taken is

0:14:26.280 --> 0:14:29.920
<v Speaker 1>about let's see, about a mile, so you know where

0:14:30.400 --> 0:14:33.480
<v Speaker 1>where the battle took place, where they was at, where

0:14:33.480 --> 0:14:33.920
<v Speaker 1>they were.

0:14:33.760 --> 0:14:37.160
<v Speaker 2>Set shooting that whole mile down the canal this gun ship.

0:14:37.760 --> 0:14:40.640
<v Speaker 1>As to what our vision, the boat was going, and

0:14:40.760 --> 0:14:44.520
<v Speaker 1>they was with the machine gun and the people from

0:14:44.560 --> 0:14:47.240
<v Speaker 1>Delapert were shooting over the level, you know, just shooting.

0:14:47.280 --> 0:14:50.720
<v Speaker 1>They shot guns and rifles whatever they had. Yeah, you know,

0:14:50.800 --> 0:14:54.000
<v Speaker 1>because a lot of them had just shotguns, you know,

0:14:54.800 --> 0:14:56.360
<v Speaker 1>a lot of them with bird shot, a lot of

0:14:56.400 --> 0:15:01.800
<v Speaker 1>them with buckshot, you know, and would killed the machine

0:15:01.840 --> 0:15:02.320
<v Speaker 1>gun man.

0:15:02.520 --> 0:15:02.920
<v Speaker 5>I don't know.

0:15:03.040 --> 0:15:06.240
<v Speaker 1>I guess just just shot them up with the way

0:15:06.280 --> 0:15:09.880
<v Speaker 1>I understand that the mortar was all shot up the boat.

0:15:10.000 --> 0:15:12.560
<v Speaker 1>The cabin on the boat was all shining up with

0:15:12.600 --> 0:15:14.400
<v Speaker 1>bullet holes. I guess that's what I could see.

0:15:14.520 --> 0:15:14.680
<v Speaker 3>You know.

0:15:14.840 --> 0:15:20.520
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, the man who was killed, Sam Galland, was reported

0:15:20.720 --> 0:15:24.480
<v Speaker 2>by the coroner they had seventeen bullet holes in his body.

0:15:27.200 --> 0:15:31.040
<v Speaker 5>But these leios had, you know, the trajectory sort of

0:15:31.120 --> 0:15:35.160
<v Speaker 5>like a forty five degree trajectory angle on that boat

0:15:35.560 --> 0:15:40.240
<v Speaker 5>where they could just fire away. And yeah, they wounded

0:15:40.320 --> 0:15:43.600
<v Speaker 5>several of them and killed one. But yeah, that's like

0:15:43.840 --> 0:15:47.400
<v Speaker 5>you're literally walking into a I mean, I don't know

0:15:47.440 --> 0:15:49.520
<v Speaker 5>what you would call them. In the military. Sometimes in

0:15:49.560 --> 0:15:52.560
<v Speaker 5>these wars, they you know, you get trapped like that,

0:15:52.800 --> 0:15:54.400
<v Speaker 5>you're just you just just no way out.

0:15:54.720 --> 0:15:59.200
<v Speaker 2>So you have studied about this and talked to all

0:15:59.240 --> 0:16:02.040
<v Speaker 2>these different people, who do you think fired the first shot?

0:16:02.440 --> 0:16:07.240
<v Speaker 5>Probably the Islanios. Probably they weren't gonna sit there and

0:16:07.320 --> 0:16:09.560
<v Speaker 5>let them fire a machine gun at him.

0:16:09.960 --> 0:16:10.160
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

0:16:10.360 --> 0:16:14.040
<v Speaker 5>One, only one person was killed, one Texas ranger whose

0:16:14.120 --> 0:16:17.320
<v Speaker 5>last name was Gowland, Sam Gowland. He was the one

0:16:17.360 --> 0:16:21.120
<v Speaker 5>operating the machine gun. The other ones were driven away

0:16:21.320 --> 0:16:23.160
<v Speaker 5>and they went looking for Perez. They were going to

0:16:23.280 --> 0:16:26.880
<v Speaker 5>kill him. That's how angry they were, as you can imagine.

0:16:27.320 --> 0:16:33.200
<v Speaker 5>And Perez escaped and managed to get out of town

0:16:33.440 --> 0:16:38.360
<v Speaker 5>literally by getting over into New Orleans and getting out

0:16:38.400 --> 0:16:39.080
<v Speaker 5>of the parish.

0:16:39.480 --> 0:16:41.640
<v Speaker 2>Was Perez wasn't on the boat though.

0:16:42.360 --> 0:16:45.440
<v Speaker 5>No, he was not, of course not. No, those were

0:16:45.520 --> 0:16:48.880
<v Speaker 5>his hired guns. Literally, he was nowhere near the boat.

0:16:48.960 --> 0:16:50.880
<v Speaker 5>He's not gonna get his hands dirty, He's not going

0:16:50.920 --> 0:16:53.360
<v Speaker 5>to get shot at. And I'm sure he had people

0:16:53.640 --> 0:16:54.800
<v Speaker 5>around him protecting him.

0:17:00.480 --> 0:17:01.200
<v Speaker 1>It was your dad.

0:17:01.280 --> 0:17:03.600
<v Speaker 2>There was your father there.

0:17:03.720 --> 0:17:07.000
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, he was there, yea. And like I was seeing

0:17:07.040 --> 0:17:10.920
<v Speaker 1>my dad had went to something happened, and I don't

0:17:11.000 --> 0:17:14.639
<v Speaker 1>know what it was. I just told these things that

0:17:15.960 --> 0:17:19.160
<v Speaker 1>these Texans and gunsling as well. When they started getting

0:17:19.160 --> 0:17:21.320
<v Speaker 1>shot at, they started running through the march and they

0:17:21.760 --> 0:17:24.320
<v Speaker 1>shot him up, you know, but they didn't kill them all.

0:17:25.119 --> 0:17:27.280
<v Speaker 1>And they got all shot up, and one of them

0:17:28.280 --> 0:17:31.800
<v Speaker 1>was coming swimming across the bay. And this is when

0:17:31.840 --> 0:17:34.359
<v Speaker 1>I'm one of the incident. I was told and a

0:17:34.440 --> 0:17:36.320
<v Speaker 1>friend of my dad they said, look, that's the guy

0:17:36.400 --> 0:17:40.119
<v Speaker 1>that tried to beat you up and off in the couch.

0:17:41.080 --> 0:17:45.320
<v Speaker 1>And uh, my dad had an Elsie Smith shot double

0:17:45.359 --> 0:17:48.639
<v Speaker 1>shotgun and I didn't know, but he had it in

0:17:48.720 --> 0:17:52.280
<v Speaker 1>the in our attic and he never did use it.

0:17:52.359 --> 0:17:53.760
<v Speaker 1>I used to go up there and I could see

0:17:53.760 --> 0:17:58.320
<v Speaker 1>it and the stock was cracked, you know. And somebody

0:17:58.400 --> 0:18:00.680
<v Speaker 1>else told me that my dad hit that guy with

0:18:00.800 --> 0:18:03.240
<v Speaker 1>the stock of a shotgun and they broke the stock.

0:18:03.680 --> 0:18:06.919
<v Speaker 1>Oh wow, And I remember the shotgun. It was an

0:18:07.080 --> 0:18:09.359
<v Speaker 1>old Elsie Smith and the stock was broken.

0:18:10.680 --> 0:18:13.720
<v Speaker 2>Paul told me the same story about Whimpy's dad breaking

0:18:13.760 --> 0:18:21.840
<v Speaker 2>a gun stock off one of the boatman's heads. Here

0:18:22.000 --> 0:18:25.560
<v Speaker 2>is Paul with an unusual story of a first hand

0:18:25.600 --> 0:18:28.879
<v Speaker 2>account from a man on the boat involving a wild

0:18:29.119 --> 0:18:33.760
<v Speaker 2>coincidence with the dog and a guy named to What's

0:18:34.640 --> 0:18:36.320
<v Speaker 2>Yep to What's.

0:18:37.680 --> 0:18:39.680
<v Speaker 3>I'm going to tell you another little story of cut

0:18:39.760 --> 0:18:43.280
<v Speaker 3>fits right into this. My daddy used to buy crabs

0:18:43.840 --> 0:18:45.800
<v Speaker 3>before he died. My daddy died when he was thirty

0:18:45.800 --> 0:18:49.919
<v Speaker 3>eight years old. I was fifteen fifteen is on when

0:18:49.960 --> 0:18:52.720
<v Speaker 3>he died, and we used to go to old on

0:18:52.880 --> 0:18:56.560
<v Speaker 3>Highway eleven. They had a family over there. They were

0:18:56.720 --> 0:19:00.800
<v Speaker 3>s stands. The old man was Pete and he had

0:19:00.840 --> 0:19:03.440
<v Speaker 3>a son that was Pete. One of them was towards

0:19:04.480 --> 0:19:09.639
<v Speaker 3>uh old man, Old Man Pete. His daddy was on

0:19:09.840 --> 0:19:13.640
<v Speaker 3>the boat when they shot it up. Like I said,

0:19:13.680 --> 0:19:16.439
<v Speaker 3>those people had no education and they looked to make

0:19:16.480 --> 0:19:19.520
<v Speaker 3>a dollar whatever they could make a dollar. And he

0:19:19.800 --> 0:19:23.840
<v Speaker 3>wasn't from Dela Crown. But they come there the trap.

0:19:24.200 --> 0:19:28.000
<v Speaker 3>When the trapping was good, they stayed. He said, well,

0:19:28.160 --> 0:19:30.120
<v Speaker 3>some kind of way he got mixed up and got

0:19:30.160 --> 0:19:31.800
<v Speaker 3>on that boat. He must They must have gave him

0:19:31.800 --> 0:19:36.080
<v Speaker 3>a job, that can of whatever, and he got on

0:19:36.200 --> 0:19:38.800
<v Speaker 3>that boat. And he told me, he said, when they

0:19:38.880 --> 0:19:42.880
<v Speaker 3>started shooting that boat, the cast net LEDs were bouncing off,

0:19:43.800 --> 0:19:45.920
<v Speaker 3>And I asked him, said the cast that they said, Yeah,

0:19:46.200 --> 0:19:48.040
<v Speaker 3>they take a cast net ledge. It's got a whole

0:19:48.080 --> 0:19:50.399
<v Speaker 3>clean through it, you know, the castle. Yeah, And they

0:19:50.400 --> 0:19:52.280
<v Speaker 3>had smashed the end of that and they put that

0:19:52.359 --> 0:19:56.520
<v Speaker 3>in the shotgun shell he said. He said, the cast

0:19:56.600 --> 0:19:59.360
<v Speaker 3>that LEDs were bouncing off. He said, But them steel jackinson,

0:19:59.680 --> 0:20:02.800
<v Speaker 3>them rifle shells was going clean through red boat. And

0:20:02.920 --> 0:20:05.920
<v Speaker 3>it wasn't no steel boat late they had. There was

0:20:05.960 --> 0:20:09.479
<v Speaker 3>a wood boat, he said. And he said, what happened,

0:20:09.520 --> 0:20:13.960
<v Speaker 3>he was sleeping on the other side of the motor away.

0:20:14.160 --> 0:20:16.720
<v Speaker 3>It happened early in the morning. He's sleeping on the

0:20:16.760 --> 0:20:18.879
<v Speaker 3>other side of the motor and he said, three or

0:20:18.920 --> 0:20:21.640
<v Speaker 3>four of them Texas Rangers jumped on top of him,

0:20:21.680 --> 0:20:24.240
<v Speaker 3>trying to get away from getting behind that motor you said,

0:20:24.720 --> 0:20:28.399
<v Speaker 3>getting trying to get away from there. And uh, well,

0:20:28.480 --> 0:20:30.920
<v Speaker 3>let me back up a minute. We used to go

0:20:31.480 --> 0:20:35.800
<v Speaker 3>over there and buy crabs. We'd buy crabs or fifty

0:20:35.840 --> 0:20:39.840
<v Speaker 3>two pounds hamp of crabs for four dollars of hamper

0:20:40.160 --> 0:20:44.240
<v Speaker 3>number ones and uh but anyway, we were over there

0:20:44.280 --> 0:20:46.840
<v Speaker 3>buying him and old man, old man Pete was there.

0:20:47.320 --> 0:20:49.600
<v Speaker 3>He had a bunch of old cars and trucks stuff.

0:20:49.720 --> 0:20:52.160
<v Speaker 3>You know junk, and they had a dog in there,

0:20:53.280 --> 0:20:55.280
<v Speaker 3>and that dog come out wanting to eat or something.

0:20:56.080 --> 0:20:58.920
<v Speaker 3>He told, told that dog, go let down. Dog. The

0:20:59.040 --> 0:21:02.560
<v Speaker 3>doge went it was button back and laid down. And

0:21:02.840 --> 0:21:04.840
<v Speaker 3>he told me saying, no, that dog is now I

0:21:04.960 --> 0:21:08.160
<v Speaker 3>can't remember exiety. It was sixteen at eighteen years old,

0:21:09.680 --> 0:21:11.640
<v Speaker 3>he said, I've been having that dog a long time,

0:21:12.680 --> 0:21:16.760
<v Speaker 3>the old dog. We went in the house, he told

0:21:17.040 --> 0:21:20.639
<v Speaker 3>told a story about that being behind that mode and

0:21:20.720 --> 0:21:23.240
<v Speaker 3>them Texas rangers and all jumping on top of him

0:21:23.280 --> 0:21:27.160
<v Speaker 3>and all. And when we come out of there to leave,

0:21:28.480 --> 0:21:33.280
<v Speaker 3>that dog was dead. I'll never forget that the dog

0:21:33.520 --> 0:21:37.439
<v Speaker 3>was laying their dead. He died. Why he told that story.

0:21:38.600 --> 0:21:45.640
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's odd the things you remember that seemed completely disconnected.

0:21:46.280 --> 0:21:48.960
<v Speaker 2>But I think these are mechanisms in our mind to

0:21:49.119 --> 0:21:53.879
<v Speaker 2>help us remember the important stuff. Like an eighteen year

0:21:53.920 --> 0:21:56.640
<v Speaker 2>old dog dying while the man was telling you about

0:21:56.720 --> 0:22:00.280
<v Speaker 2>being on the gun ship. That's just odds. What I'm

0:22:00.320 --> 0:22:05.480
<v Speaker 2>here for, Paul, good story here is wimpy. I'm trying

0:22:05.520 --> 0:22:10.480
<v Speaker 2>to understand, like how the thing could escalate to where

0:22:11.359 --> 0:22:13.800
<v Speaker 2>lander Perez was willing.

0:22:13.640 --> 0:22:15.040
<v Speaker 1>To kill people?

0:22:15.800 --> 0:22:16.440
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, how did that?

0:22:16.600 --> 0:22:19.639
<v Speaker 1>How does that happen. The only thing I can understand

0:22:19.880 --> 0:22:22.920
<v Speaker 1>is that he told these guys, all these people that

0:22:23.040 --> 0:22:26.720
<v Speaker 1>he's hired, Look, uh, we have to take care of

0:22:26.760 --> 0:22:29.080
<v Speaker 1>the people at Dental Croil, and you're going to have

0:22:29.240 --> 0:22:31.840
<v Speaker 1>the all this trapping lands and you can trap it

0:22:31.960 --> 0:22:34.119
<v Speaker 1>as long as you give me a percentage of whatever

0:22:34.240 --> 0:22:36.480
<v Speaker 1>you're catching all that, and you're going to have the

0:22:36.600 --> 0:22:38.680
<v Speaker 1>land instead of instead of and we got to run

0:22:38.760 --> 0:22:42.600
<v Speaker 1>them all and even if we have to kill Wow.

0:22:42.800 --> 0:22:45.879
<v Speaker 2>That was so he just had that that strong of

0:22:45.960 --> 0:22:49.320
<v Speaker 2>an iron fist. He was isolated enough down in the

0:22:49.480 --> 0:22:53.840
<v Speaker 2>deep Delta that he just thought, I can I can

0:22:53.920 --> 0:22:54.399
<v Speaker 2>do anything.

0:22:55.640 --> 0:22:59.879
<v Speaker 1>That's why I kind of consider him a dictator. You know,

0:23:00.600 --> 0:23:03.240
<v Speaker 1>he had that Powell and he thought he can just

0:23:03.320 --> 0:23:08.920
<v Speaker 1>do anything until he faced the people from Golacron. What

0:23:09.040 --> 0:23:09.439
<v Speaker 1>about his.

0:23:09.560 --> 0:23:13.159
<v Speaker 2>Reputation here, Like if you were to go on the street,

0:23:13.680 --> 0:23:16.080
<v Speaker 2>like when we drove here, we drove down.

0:23:16.400 --> 0:23:21.480
<v Speaker 1>Perez Drive, Yeah, in the Pere Rive, well, a lot

0:23:21.560 --> 0:23:25.240
<v Speaker 1>of the politicians were with you in Saint Benod.

0:23:27.480 --> 0:23:31.760
<v Speaker 2>Perez Drive was named after Leander Perez in nineteen sixty nine,

0:23:32.280 --> 0:23:35.760
<v Speaker 2>but in the late nineteen nineties, after history had kind

0:23:35.800 --> 0:23:38.600
<v Speaker 2>of showed who this guy was and had judged him.

0:23:39.200 --> 0:23:43.320
<v Speaker 2>The name of the road was changed to be named

0:23:43.400 --> 0:23:48.240
<v Speaker 2>after a more likable judge named Melvin Perez, so it

0:23:48.400 --> 0:23:55.600
<v Speaker 2>remains Perez Drive. It's just a different Perez. What tell

0:23:55.640 --> 0:23:59.040
<v Speaker 2>me how your dad handled the trappers war? So he

0:23:59.720 --> 0:24:02.280
<v Speaker 2>he is actually there on the levee with a gun,

0:24:03.359 --> 0:24:07.120
<v Speaker 2>did he? He didn't view that it's like something real

0:24:07.320 --> 0:24:11.119
<v Speaker 2>honorable that he had done, like he had defended his people.

0:24:12.640 --> 0:24:14.600
<v Speaker 2>Or was it just kind of like something he didn't

0:24:14.640 --> 0:24:15.679
<v Speaker 2>want to talk about.

0:24:15.760 --> 0:24:18.720
<v Speaker 1>Right, He didn't talk about it too much. I guess

0:24:18.880 --> 0:24:21.760
<v Speaker 1>he felt like it was survival. He had to fight

0:24:21.920 --> 0:24:22.440
<v Speaker 1>to savive.

0:24:23.040 --> 0:24:25.600
<v Speaker 2>Like it wasn't a cool story to him, like today

0:24:26.119 --> 0:24:29.400
<v Speaker 2>it was today one hundred years later, we're like, wow.

0:24:29.880 --> 0:24:33.480
<v Speaker 1>Wow, this is what happened. Oh, it wasn't. It wasn't

0:24:33.520 --> 0:24:35.600
<v Speaker 1>no big honor or nothing like that. It was just

0:24:36.160 --> 0:24:38.520
<v Speaker 1>something that he had to do that he didn't want

0:24:38.520 --> 0:24:40.200
<v Speaker 1>to do, but he had to do it to savive.

0:24:41.080 --> 0:24:42.760
<v Speaker 1>Isn't either kill or be killed.

0:24:43.080 --> 0:24:45.840
<v Speaker 2>It's interesting in the history because it's real easy to

0:24:46.000 --> 0:24:50.280
<v Speaker 2>like kind of glorify something good and bad one hundred

0:24:50.359 --> 0:24:53.480
<v Speaker 2>years later, and but back in the day, we might

0:24:53.520 --> 0:24:56.119
<v Speaker 2>have thought this was the least interesting thing that ever happened.

0:24:56.119 --> 0:24:58.080
<v Speaker 2>We're just like this is a bad thing, Like this

0:24:58.200 --> 0:25:01.520
<v Speaker 2>shows kind of the the evil of mankind. What what

0:25:01.640 --> 0:25:02.800
<v Speaker 2>do you think about that?

0:25:03.880 --> 0:25:09.440
<v Speaker 1>Uh? I think about what a person with power would

0:25:09.520 --> 0:25:13.359
<v Speaker 1>try to do to maintain that power. That would be

0:25:13.480 --> 0:25:16.080
<v Speaker 1>land a parath even if he had to kill to

0:25:16.200 --> 0:25:18.800
<v Speaker 1>do any he did it. That's how I look at it.

0:25:19.359 --> 0:25:23.000
<v Speaker 1>As far as a lot of people liked land in Parrett,

0:25:23.240 --> 0:25:24.840
<v Speaker 1>but I couldn't cry.

0:25:26.480 --> 0:25:29.080
<v Speaker 2>It's it's kind of wild to think about people having

0:25:29.119 --> 0:25:34.600
<v Speaker 2>a right trying to kill each other over a muskrat, right,

0:25:35.160 --> 0:25:36.119
<v Speaker 2>you know that's today.

0:25:36.160 --> 0:25:38.040
<v Speaker 1>You look at it, man and people killed him something

0:25:38.160 --> 0:25:45.040
<v Speaker 1>or mushkranchy a well living you know, you had to survive.

0:25:48.200 --> 0:25:51.280
<v Speaker 2>Here's a simple version of how the conflict reached its

0:25:51.359 --> 0:25:56.040
<v Speaker 2>final resolution. It involved a guy named Manuel Malaro that

0:25:56.400 --> 0:26:01.520
<v Speaker 2>was in Islanias. So the people went to Manuel Malario.

0:26:01.600 --> 0:26:06.000
<v Speaker 2>He was an educated man with money, successful, They said,

0:26:06.040 --> 0:26:09.320
<v Speaker 2>can you help us? He buys the lane?

0:26:09.440 --> 0:26:12.480
<v Speaker 1>Right he and what does he do? He just wanted

0:26:12.560 --> 0:26:16.320
<v Speaker 1>to In other words, he was a good businessman. Also,

0:26:16.720 --> 0:26:20.840
<v Speaker 1>let's face that, you know. So what he did is

0:26:21.359 --> 0:26:24.720
<v Speaker 1>he went and where and formed Delacrat Corporation named it

0:26:24.840 --> 0:26:29.760
<v Speaker 1>after Delacrot, and he bought it, and then people would

0:26:29.800 --> 0:26:32.760
<v Speaker 1>trap for him because he would buy it afar. Delacro

0:26:32.920 --> 0:26:36.200
<v Speaker 1>Corporation would buy it afar. Okay, Okay, Like I said,

0:26:36.240 --> 0:26:40.600
<v Speaker 1>he's a businessman, you know, true businessman. So he buys

0:26:40.680 --> 0:26:43.520
<v Speaker 1>all this land. Okay, okay, this is the only way

0:26:43.520 --> 0:26:45.000
<v Speaker 1>I can do it. You know, I'll buy the land

0:26:45.119 --> 0:26:49.399
<v Speaker 1>we bought it from. I got it. I don't. I

0:26:49.440 --> 0:26:56.280
<v Speaker 1>wouldn't know, but I'd have to think that he had

0:26:56.359 --> 0:27:00.440
<v Speaker 1>to make some kind of arrangement with Leeann the Reds.

0:27:00.600 --> 0:27:04.560
<v Speaker 1>But talking to his granddaughter, they hated land the press,

0:27:05.920 --> 0:27:09.480
<v Speaker 1>you know, and I thought, wow, how can he buy

0:27:09.600 --> 0:27:13.240
<v Speaker 1>this land when out going through the dictator of Plagamin Parish.

0:27:14.080 --> 0:27:17.639
<v Speaker 1>I couldn't answer that. But he didn't buy it, and

0:27:17.760 --> 0:27:22.359
<v Speaker 1>then he sold it to the trappers, the people from Delacrow.

0:27:22.640 --> 0:27:24.800
<v Speaker 2>So he sold the land back to them. He didn't

0:27:25.359 --> 0:27:26.160
<v Speaker 2>lease it to him.

0:27:27.320 --> 0:27:30.880
<v Speaker 1>No, we could some of them. Some people didn't buy land,

0:27:31.880 --> 0:27:34.840
<v Speaker 1>but they're all. Even if you bought the land, you

0:27:35.040 --> 0:27:37.720
<v Speaker 1>had to sell you for the Delacrat Corperation.

0:27:39.520 --> 0:27:42.560
<v Speaker 2>So Malario ended up being the good guy. The only

0:27:42.640 --> 0:27:45.480
<v Speaker 2>difference between he and Perez is that he was fair

0:27:45.720 --> 0:27:49.080
<v Speaker 2>in his dealings with the Islanos. But I think we

0:27:49.200 --> 0:27:52.080
<v Speaker 2>have got to take a closer look at Leander Perez.

0:27:52.960 --> 0:27:55.520
<v Speaker 2>He was born in eighteen ninety one and Placuamine Parish

0:27:55.560 --> 0:27:59.439
<v Speaker 2>and raised in a wealthy Catholic family. Graduated from lsu

0:27:59.520 --> 0:28:01.760
<v Speaker 2>with the Law in nineteen fourteen at the age of

0:28:01.800 --> 0:28:05.120
<v Speaker 2>twenty three, and was appointed judge of Plaquemine Parish by

0:28:05.160 --> 0:28:09.440
<v Speaker 2>his cousin in nineteen nineteen. Early on, he was accused

0:28:09.480 --> 0:28:13.280
<v Speaker 2>of being corrupt. An example of that corruption he once

0:28:13.440 --> 0:28:17.000
<v Speaker 2>scheduled as judge. He scheduled seven murder cases to be

0:28:17.119 --> 0:28:20.520
<v Speaker 2>tried on the same day. All of the accused were

0:28:20.640 --> 0:28:24.600
<v Speaker 2>murderers involved in the illegal trade of liquor. They were bootleggers,

0:28:25.240 --> 0:28:28.760
<v Speaker 2>and it's alleged that Leander Perez wanted to protect them.

0:28:29.359 --> 0:28:32.480
<v Speaker 2>As I understand it, all of them were acquitted because

0:28:32.520 --> 0:28:36.119
<v Speaker 2>of the shortness of the trial. That's pretty slick if

0:28:36.200 --> 0:28:39.920
<v Speaker 2>you're wanting to be corrupt. Then later in nineteen twenty three,

0:28:40.240 --> 0:28:43.000
<v Speaker 2>while he was still really young, there was an impeachment

0:28:43.240 --> 0:28:47.160
<v Speaker 2>petition charged against him to impeach him as judge, and

0:28:47.240 --> 0:28:51.360
<v Speaker 2>there were twenty three specific charges against him that included

0:28:51.520 --> 0:28:54.080
<v Speaker 2>a bunch of stuff. But one of them on the

0:28:54.200 --> 0:28:58.200
<v Speaker 2>list was that he had a pearl handled revolver on

0:28:58.480 --> 0:29:02.280
<v Speaker 2>his person during court hearings. People didn't like that. Another

0:29:02.320 --> 0:29:05.240
<v Speaker 2>one was that he used county money to take people

0:29:05.320 --> 0:29:10.120
<v Speaker 2>to the restaurants of his friends, avoiding his political enemies

0:29:10.120 --> 0:29:15.640
<v Speaker 2>who owned restaurants. That's interesting, but most of them involved finances.

0:29:16.560 --> 0:29:19.760
<v Speaker 2>He would ultimately be acquitted when he and this is

0:29:19.760 --> 0:29:22.920
<v Speaker 2>when he was a young man, which empowered him even

0:29:23.080 --> 0:29:25.080
<v Speaker 2>more for the rest of his life. He kind of

0:29:25.120 --> 0:29:27.440
<v Speaker 2>got away with it and he thought, I will do

0:29:27.600 --> 0:29:30.520
<v Speaker 2>whatever I want in this place, and he did. But

0:29:31.120 --> 0:29:34.240
<v Speaker 2>what he would become most known for was his stance

0:29:34.520 --> 0:29:40.120
<v Speaker 2>on racial issues. But as with all people, everyone had

0:29:40.160 --> 0:29:50.360
<v Speaker 2>a different opinion of Leander Perez. Here's Paul, I've read

0:29:50.400 --> 0:29:55.560
<v Speaker 2>a book about Leander Perez. You knew the man or

0:29:55.640 --> 0:29:56.000
<v Speaker 2>met him?

0:29:56.080 --> 0:29:58.040
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, quite a few times.

0:29:58.240 --> 0:30:00.560
<v Speaker 2>He perceived around here. Is he a hero or is

0:30:00.600 --> 0:30:01.000
<v Speaker 2>he a vig?

0:30:01.120 --> 0:30:02.640
<v Speaker 3>They don't even know him no more.

0:30:03.400 --> 0:30:03.560
<v Speaker 5>Uh.

0:30:05.000 --> 0:30:07.480
<v Speaker 3>I think he was a I think basically he was

0:30:07.520 --> 0:30:14.440
<v Speaker 3>a good man. He uh he was a segregationist completely

0:30:15.440 --> 0:30:18.440
<v Speaker 3>and he ran that parish with a pretty stiff hand.

0:30:19.440 --> 0:30:21.719
<v Speaker 3>But it was a good parish. It was a uh

0:30:22.400 --> 0:30:24.920
<v Speaker 3>it was well, it was the wealthiest. It was the

0:30:25.040 --> 0:30:27.520
<v Speaker 3>wealthiest parish in the United States.

0:30:28.320 --> 0:30:30.680
<v Speaker 2>He kind of had the reputation of being like a

0:30:31.400 --> 0:30:32.360
<v Speaker 2>crooked politician.

0:30:32.560 --> 0:30:35.760
<v Speaker 3>I mean, uh yeah, I said, hey, well crook, I say,

0:30:35.840 --> 0:30:38.120
<v Speaker 3>all of them will crooked. It was like the cowboys

0:30:38.240 --> 0:30:42.960
<v Speaker 3>days down here. And but they had good points to

0:30:43.040 --> 0:30:45.720
<v Speaker 3>him too, you know, they claim he was he was

0:30:45.800 --> 0:30:48.320
<v Speaker 3>such a bad man with the black people. I had

0:30:48.360 --> 0:30:52.120
<v Speaker 3>a buddy of mine, he me and he was in

0:30:52.280 --> 0:30:56.040
<v Speaker 3>army together, went through basic training and all but friends, all,

0:30:56.440 --> 0:31:00.360
<v Speaker 3>you know, till he died. And he told he was

0:31:00.400 --> 0:31:02.600
<v Speaker 3>in the ballroom down there, and when day his motor

0:31:02.680 --> 0:31:06.160
<v Speaker 3>had broke down in his boat. He's oyster fisherman and

0:31:06.320 --> 0:31:09.880
<v Speaker 3>his motor has broken his boat. And the ballrooms down

0:31:09.920 --> 0:31:12.480
<v Speaker 3>there had had imaginary line running through the middle of them.

0:31:12.560 --> 0:31:14.520
<v Speaker 3>The white people stood on one side and the black

0:31:14.600 --> 0:31:18.680
<v Speaker 3>people stood on the other side. And he was in

0:31:18.760 --> 0:31:22.680
<v Speaker 3>the ballroom by the bar, and Leanda Press walked in

0:31:22.760 --> 0:31:25.080
<v Speaker 3>and he asked him. He said, Paul, what now, what's

0:31:25.120 --> 0:31:27.720
<v Speaker 3>the matter? You're not working? You wanted he wanted a

0:31:27.760 --> 0:31:30.880
<v Speaker 3>burdy working when people making a living for himself, and

0:31:30.920 --> 0:31:33.720
<v Speaker 3>he said, well, my motor's broken. My boat, Judge, he says,

0:31:34.040 --> 0:31:36.280
<v Speaker 3>I can't work. He said, right now until I can

0:31:36.360 --> 0:31:39.480
<v Speaker 3>make some money and get another motor. And uh he

0:31:39.600 --> 0:31:41.400
<v Speaker 3>told me, he said, Paul, he said, go up to

0:31:41.520 --> 0:31:44.400
<v Speaker 3>Donovan that was the main place where you got your

0:31:44.480 --> 0:31:46.760
<v Speaker 3>motives and all up in the city. He said, put

0:31:46.840 --> 0:31:49.280
<v Speaker 3>get your the motor you need and put it on

0:31:49.400 --> 0:31:51.200
<v Speaker 3>my charge account. He said, but I want you to

0:31:51.280 --> 0:31:54.160
<v Speaker 3>pay me. He said, you're come and pay me. He said, okay, judge.

0:31:55.200 --> 0:31:57.680
<v Speaker 2>So and this this, Paul, this is the guy that

0:31:57.760 --> 0:32:00.200
<v Speaker 2>you knew, Yeah, when I was in army and he

0:32:00.320 --> 0:32:00.960
<v Speaker 2>was the black guy.

0:32:01.280 --> 0:32:06.240
<v Speaker 3>Black yeah, yeah, a fine boy, fine man. He wasn't

0:32:06.240 --> 0:32:08.160
<v Speaker 3>no boy. He was a man, a piece of man too.

0:32:08.680 --> 0:32:12.000
<v Speaker 3>But anyway, yeah, he uh, he had a lot. He

0:32:12.040 --> 0:32:14.760
<v Speaker 3>had He had everybody. Everybody's got good and bad in him.

0:32:15.320 --> 0:32:18.120
<v Speaker 3>You know, it's what's good to one personally be bad

0:32:18.440 --> 0:32:21.400
<v Speaker 3>for somebody else. Looking at a situation, when did you

0:32:21.480 --> 0:32:23.920
<v Speaker 3>meet Leander Press When I was a child, a kid,

0:32:24.560 --> 0:32:30.400
<v Speaker 3>fourteen twelve, fourteen, fifteen years old, Leander Peret brought the

0:32:30.520 --> 0:32:35.040
<v Speaker 3>first charlet bull from Mexico in here and he sent

0:32:35.080 --> 0:32:37.800
<v Speaker 3>an oyster boat with the with the they had pens

0:32:37.880 --> 0:32:41.560
<v Speaker 3>on oyster boat. The whole oyster's on the deck. They

0:32:41.640 --> 0:32:43.560
<v Speaker 3>put the pens up and went down there and got

0:32:43.640 --> 0:32:46.040
<v Speaker 3>him a bull and he brought it to Idle Wall

0:32:46.520 --> 0:32:47.960
<v Speaker 3>that's on the other side of the river. That was

0:32:48.000 --> 0:32:50.480
<v Speaker 3>his his place on the other side of the river.

0:32:51.040 --> 0:32:53.760
<v Speaker 3>And old man the Bella took us. I can remember

0:32:53.840 --> 0:32:55.800
<v Speaker 3>him taking this there and the judge was sitting on

0:32:55.880 --> 0:32:58.760
<v Speaker 3>the front porch and he all at the judge, he said, well,

0:32:58.880 --> 0:33:01.480
<v Speaker 3>look at the boat. Yeah, right back then look at

0:33:01.520 --> 0:33:07.120
<v Speaker 3>it like that big, big animal. Boy. You know what

0:33:07.160 --> 0:33:08.960
<v Speaker 3>he had asked you. You caught you on the street

0:33:09.600 --> 0:33:15.080
<v Speaker 3>being good. Oh boy, you're being good? Oh boy, yeah, judge,

0:33:16.560 --> 0:33:18.000
<v Speaker 3>you know you'd asked if he was being good.

0:33:18.080 --> 0:33:22.520
<v Speaker 2>You know, that was the time when Hughey Long was

0:33:22.880 --> 0:33:26.400
<v Speaker 2>the governor, and so there was like there was just

0:33:26.880 --> 0:33:30.200
<v Speaker 2>a lot of kind of these big, strong politicians that

0:33:30.400 --> 0:33:31.280
<v Speaker 2>just ruled the land.

0:33:31.560 --> 0:33:34.680
<v Speaker 3>Yep. Yeah, he told you. He told you Long. He said,

0:33:34.720 --> 0:33:37.000
<v Speaker 3>if I could take Packham in Parish and push it

0:33:37.120 --> 0:33:39.560
<v Speaker 3>off into the Gulf and get away from the United States,

0:33:39.640 --> 0:33:41.680
<v Speaker 3>I do it. And you along told him I wish

0:33:41.760 --> 0:33:42.080
<v Speaker 3>you could.

0:33:44.680 --> 0:33:46.719
<v Speaker 2>He wanted it to be like his own nations.

0:33:46.800 --> 0:33:50.320
<v Speaker 3>It was it was I tell you what, there wasn't

0:33:50.360 --> 0:33:53.200
<v Speaker 3>a piece of trash on that road. You couldn't found

0:33:53.200 --> 0:33:56.600
<v Speaker 3>a cigarette butter on that road. Cleanest place I want

0:33:56.640 --> 0:33:58.480
<v Speaker 3>to see in your life. Beautiful.

0:33:59.640 --> 0:34:03.640
<v Speaker 2>Here's David responding to Paul's story of Leander helping the

0:34:03.760 --> 0:34:06.600
<v Speaker 2>guy out with the boat motor and.

0:34:06.680 --> 0:34:11.719
<v Speaker 5>Look, there's not to say that, you know, Leander was

0:34:11.800 --> 0:34:16.840
<v Speaker 5>not incapable of doing the occasional kind gesture for someone.

0:34:17.880 --> 0:34:23.359
<v Speaker 5>But he made his bones, you know, using African Americans

0:34:23.600 --> 0:34:28.480
<v Speaker 5>as targets of you know, prejudice and bigotry and scaring

0:34:28.920 --> 0:34:32.080
<v Speaker 5>white people into saying, you know, I'm going to keep

0:34:32.120 --> 0:34:34.319
<v Speaker 5>them out of the parish kind of thing, or I'm

0:34:34.400 --> 0:34:37.680
<v Speaker 5>going to control them, they're not going to let them vote,

0:34:37.840 --> 0:34:41.880
<v Speaker 5>or so. Yeah, he could occasionally throw a bone to someone,

0:34:42.360 --> 0:34:46.880
<v Speaker 5>a kind gesture here or there, but mainly he was not.

0:34:48.480 --> 0:34:49.240
<v Speaker 1>A good person.

0:34:50.280 --> 0:34:56.080
<v Speaker 5>He was I think a very greedy, selfish, arrogant man

0:34:56.360 --> 0:35:00.120
<v Speaker 5>who he was basically an amoral.

0:35:01.960 --> 0:35:05.680
<v Speaker 2>Leander Perez became nationally known during the Civil rights movement

0:35:05.920 --> 0:35:10.520
<v Speaker 2>as being a staunch segregationist and just classic good old

0:35:10.600 --> 0:35:14.719
<v Speaker 2>fashioned bigot and David's movie Delta Justice. They played a

0:35:14.760 --> 0:35:18.600
<v Speaker 2>clip of Leander on William F. Buckley's national talk show

0:35:19.080 --> 0:35:22.600
<v Speaker 2>where he was asked directly about being a bigot, and

0:35:22.800 --> 0:35:26.880
<v Speaker 2>Leander's answer was so repulsive Noah had permission to play it.

0:35:27.520 --> 0:35:29.840
<v Speaker 2>It was just too grubby and I couldn't do it.

0:35:30.640 --> 0:35:32.720
<v Speaker 2>But I'm glad that David put it on his movie.

0:35:35.000 --> 0:35:37.279
<v Speaker 5>That's why I put the William A Fuckwee clip in there,

0:35:37.280 --> 0:35:39.440
<v Speaker 5>because I said, I didn't make this up here he is.

0:35:39.880 --> 0:35:44.800
<v Speaker 5>Here's here's the guy himself confessing on national television his beliefs.

0:35:45.680 --> 0:35:46.839
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, yeah, yeah yeah.

0:35:47.680 --> 0:35:50.200
<v Speaker 5>But other than that, people, I'll tell you my story.

0:35:50.600 --> 0:35:53.359
<v Speaker 5>When we released the film on DVD. It was during

0:35:53.400 --> 0:35:57.319
<v Speaker 5>the Islnios Festival, which was in April of the following year,

0:35:57.440 --> 0:36:01.440
<v Speaker 5>which would have been twenty sixteen, and this elderly African

0:36:01.520 --> 0:36:04.880
<v Speaker 5>American gentleman came in and he said, are you mister Dubos.

0:36:05.080 --> 0:36:06.920
<v Speaker 5>I said yes, I am. He said, you're the gentleman

0:36:06.960 --> 0:36:11.680
<v Speaker 5>who made the movie about the trappers war. I said yes.

0:36:12.560 --> 0:36:14.879
<v Speaker 5>He said you're selling those DVDs. I said yes, sir,

0:36:15.280 --> 0:36:18.759
<v Speaker 5>and I said I'll take ten of them. He pulls

0:36:18.760 --> 0:36:20.799
<v Speaker 5>out one hundred dollars pill because we were like ten

0:36:20.840 --> 0:36:23.400
<v Speaker 5>bucks each. And I said, can I ask why A

0:36:23.400 --> 0:36:25.759
<v Speaker 5>you're buying ten of them? He said, I want to

0:36:25.760 --> 0:36:28.480
<v Speaker 5>give them to my grandchildren. Because I went to see

0:36:28.520 --> 0:36:31.399
<v Speaker 5>your movie at the film festival. He said, I came

0:36:31.440 --> 0:36:34.239
<v Speaker 5>back and started your film three times. I watched you

0:36:34.360 --> 0:36:37.239
<v Speaker 5>do your Q and A after every he said, and

0:36:37.320 --> 0:36:40.000
<v Speaker 5>I just wanted to thank you for showing what kind

0:36:40.040 --> 0:36:43.799
<v Speaker 5>of person Leandon Perez was. And he said, I want

0:36:43.840 --> 0:36:50.520
<v Speaker 5>to teach that to my children and grandchildren. But you know,

0:36:50.680 --> 0:36:56.000
<v Speaker 5>so they're people's people are complicated. I think Leander was

0:36:56.320 --> 0:36:59.440
<v Speaker 5>in some ways complicated, but in other ways, I think

0:36:59.560 --> 0:37:03.279
<v Speaker 5>he saw a way to use his power and his

0:37:03.480 --> 0:37:09.200
<v Speaker 5>wealth and his influence to a negative degree. So much so,

0:37:10.239 --> 0:37:12.640
<v Speaker 5>like Carville said in the film, he's the most odious

0:37:12.719 --> 0:37:15.200
<v Speaker 5>person in the history of Luisiana. And that says a

0:37:15.239 --> 0:37:18.160
<v Speaker 5>lot because there's been a lot of people going through

0:37:18.200 --> 0:37:20.840
<v Speaker 5>this state that have been notorious people.

0:37:21.760 --> 0:37:25.360
<v Speaker 2>What about this part of the world produces kind of

0:37:25.400 --> 0:37:28.520
<v Speaker 2>these dictator type leaders.

0:37:29.360 --> 0:37:36.080
<v Speaker 5>We've had a colorful history of politicians here. Perez is

0:37:36.239 --> 0:37:40.239
<v Speaker 5>just one of them. Edwin Edwards was our governor for

0:37:40.480 --> 0:37:43.200
<v Speaker 5>many years. I think he served three terms, and he

0:37:43.360 --> 0:37:49.040
<v Speaker 5>was a very colorful Cajun Democrat governor. He was on

0:37:49.200 --> 0:37:55.920
<v Speaker 5>Sixty Minutes. He just meant Edwin was he was kind

0:37:55.920 --> 0:38:01.440
<v Speaker 5>of like Clinton magnified. He loved women, he loved drinking,

0:38:01.600 --> 0:38:06.160
<v Speaker 5>he loved gambling. He got caught carrying a suitcase of

0:38:06.239 --> 0:38:10.040
<v Speaker 5>a million dollars into a casino one time. Sixty Minutes

0:38:10.719 --> 0:38:13.920
<v Speaker 5>asked him about it, and he said, they said, you know,

0:38:14.000 --> 0:38:17.040
<v Speaker 5>that's quite unusual for a governor to be carrying Goes misity.

0:38:17.040 --> 0:38:17.600
<v Speaker 1>It's unusual.

0:38:19.560 --> 0:38:21.759
<v Speaker 5>And I just kind of like stopped and they looked up, like, well,

0:38:22.040 --> 0:38:23.719
<v Speaker 5>don't you think that's he Goes. I don't know if

0:38:23.760 --> 0:38:27.400
<v Speaker 5>it's illegal, it's unusual, but you know, it just kind

0:38:27.440 --> 0:38:31.319
<v Speaker 5>of like brushed it off with the seventies and then

0:38:31.360 --> 0:38:33.840
<v Speaker 5>again in the eighties. It was a race in eighty

0:38:33.880 --> 0:38:36.520
<v Speaker 5>eight when he ran against David Duke, who was the

0:38:36.800 --> 0:38:40.880
<v Speaker 5>notorious clansman who ran for governor, and Edwin had to

0:38:40.960 --> 0:38:43.280
<v Speaker 5>come back and said, there used to be a famous

0:38:43.320 --> 0:38:47.799
<v Speaker 5>bumper sticker said vote for the crook, meaning Edwin, it's

0:38:47.880 --> 0:38:49.640
<v Speaker 5>important over Duke.

0:38:52.040 --> 0:38:56.719
<v Speaker 2>Vote for the crook. It's important. Yeah, wow, what about

0:38:56.800 --> 0:38:57.359
<v Speaker 2>Huey Long.

0:38:57.640 --> 0:39:00.399
<v Speaker 5>Huey Long was another and again on Randy Newman's there's

0:39:00.440 --> 0:39:03.480
<v Speaker 5>a song called the Kingfish. It was about Huey Long.

0:39:03.560 --> 0:39:10.440
<v Speaker 5>He was a very highly respected and very popular populist governor,

0:39:10.840 --> 0:39:16.040
<v Speaker 5>so he would be the equivalent of kind of uh,

0:39:19.960 --> 0:39:23.320
<v Speaker 5>a more moderate version of Bernie Sanders might be a

0:39:23.400 --> 0:39:27.919
<v Speaker 5>good description of him. He was very much giving back

0:39:27.960 --> 0:39:30.080
<v Speaker 5>to the people. But if you ever saw All the

0:39:30.200 --> 0:39:34.160
<v Speaker 5>King's Men, which is a famous Hollywood movie with Broderick Crawford,

0:39:34.239 --> 0:39:38.279
<v Speaker 5>he played essentially Huey Long. That was a Pulitzerprise winning book,

0:39:38.600 --> 0:39:43.160
<v Speaker 5>and they did a remake with Sean Penn which wasn't good.

0:39:43.320 --> 0:39:47.399
<v Speaker 5>But the original film is wonderful and it's about Huey Long,

0:39:47.560 --> 0:39:51.560
<v Speaker 5>and it's about how even the best intentioned person, once

0:39:51.640 --> 0:39:55.759
<v Speaker 5>they get to power, you know, absolute power corrups absolutely.

0:39:55.360 --> 0:39:55.839
<v Speaker 3>Kind of thing.

0:39:56.360 --> 0:39:59.959
<v Speaker 5>And Huey Long, you know, he did kick out stand

0:40:00.320 --> 0:40:04.279
<v Speaker 5>oil from essentially, you know, stealing the oil from the

0:40:04.360 --> 0:40:07.719
<v Speaker 5>land owners was kind of like a bigger version of

0:40:07.880 --> 0:40:13.320
<v Speaker 5>the Trappers War. But Hughey was again a colorful character.

0:40:13.920 --> 0:40:16.399
<v Speaker 5>And then his brother, Earl Long. They made a movie

0:40:16.400 --> 0:40:19.440
<v Speaker 5>about him called Blaze with Paul Newman in the eighties,

0:40:20.080 --> 0:40:23.919
<v Speaker 5>and Earl was quite a character. Earl was institutionalized while

0:40:23.960 --> 0:40:25.880
<v Speaker 5>he was governor, and then he so the.

0:40:25.920 --> 0:40:28.040
<v Speaker 2>Two brothers both were governors at different times.

0:40:28.160 --> 0:40:30.719
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, well, let me tell you this quick story about

0:40:30.760 --> 0:40:33.000
<v Speaker 5>Earl Long. So he's in a mental institution because the

0:40:33.080 --> 0:40:35.640
<v Speaker 5>people wanted to take over the state threw him in there,

0:40:36.080 --> 0:40:40.200
<v Speaker 5>and then he found a loophole where called the guy

0:40:40.280 --> 0:40:43.759
<v Speaker 5>in charge of mental institutions. He said, is this so

0:40:43.880 --> 0:40:46.640
<v Speaker 5>and so on the line who runs the mental institution

0:40:46.760 --> 0:40:49.600
<v Speaker 5>I'm currently in. Yes it is this is the governor

0:40:49.640 --> 0:40:52.800
<v Speaker 5>Earl Long. You're fired. I'm here by appointing you know

0:40:52.920 --> 0:40:54.799
<v Speaker 5>so and so to being which was his friend. He says,

0:40:54.800 --> 0:40:59.040
<v Speaker 5>I here by release ear Along. You know, very famous

0:40:59.040 --> 0:41:03.160
<v Speaker 5>story which is hit it in the movie with Paul Newman. Yeah,

0:41:03.239 --> 0:41:08.200
<v Speaker 5>Earl was a character Huey was. You know, he had

0:41:08.239 --> 0:41:10.600
<v Speaker 5>his handle a lot of pockets. Again, when you're in

0:41:10.719 --> 0:41:12.959
<v Speaker 5>charge of a state like Louisiana, which at the time

0:41:14.080 --> 0:41:21.280
<v Speaker 5>was oil rich, mineral rich. Today even I think something

0:41:21.480 --> 0:41:24.319
<v Speaker 5>like forty percent or it might be as high as

0:41:24.360 --> 0:41:28.839
<v Speaker 5>sixty percent of the natural gas in the country comes

0:41:28.880 --> 0:41:31.960
<v Speaker 5>from here. I mean, Louisiana is one of the most

0:41:32.000 --> 0:41:36.400
<v Speaker 5>important states we in terms of providing services for the

0:41:36.520 --> 0:41:40.560
<v Speaker 5>country and so when you are the governor of this state,

0:41:40.719 --> 0:41:42.719
<v Speaker 5>you have a lot of power and even but back

0:41:42.840 --> 0:41:47.160
<v Speaker 5>then it was magnified because there wasn't a lot of

0:41:47.320 --> 0:41:49.800
<v Speaker 5>oil drilling, but the ones that were being done in

0:41:49.880 --> 0:41:54.520
<v Speaker 5>Louisiana were, I mean it was. It was unbelievably rich.

0:41:55.320 --> 0:41:57.400
<v Speaker 2>A lot of people made a lot of money. And

0:41:57.480 --> 0:42:01.319
<v Speaker 2>they didn't have the Internet, no tell on people, they

0:42:01.360 --> 0:42:05.440
<v Speaker 2>didn't have nothing cell phones and email communications. It was

0:42:05.520 --> 0:42:09.800
<v Speaker 2>just an environment that I guess lended itself to potentially.

0:42:09.920 --> 0:42:12.880
<v Speaker 5>Look, man, when you are in charge of something and

0:42:13.040 --> 0:42:18.560
<v Speaker 5>if you are tempted by millions of dollars and the

0:42:18.719 --> 0:42:21.719
<v Speaker 5>power to get away with it, human nature is going

0:42:21.800 --> 0:42:25.560
<v Speaker 5>to dictate that. That's hard to resist because look what's

0:42:25.640 --> 0:42:29.440
<v Speaker 5>going on now, what look at all the things that

0:42:29.560 --> 0:42:32.320
<v Speaker 5>have happened in our country over the last fifty years,

0:42:32.600 --> 0:42:37.319
<v Speaker 5>just from politicians going to jail, whether it was Watergate

0:42:37.719 --> 0:42:41.280
<v Speaker 5>or all the things, you know, and he never sees

0:42:41.360 --> 0:42:44.000
<v Speaker 5>sometimes the people in charge, like a lot of people

0:42:44.120 --> 0:42:48.600
<v Speaker 5>around Clinton and Trump went to jail, but they didn't,

0:42:49.520 --> 0:42:53.279
<v Speaker 5>you know. So yeah, you got to wonder, you know,

0:42:54.120 --> 0:42:57.800
<v Speaker 5>keep their hands clean. Everybody else is going to dirty

0:42:57.880 --> 0:43:00.680
<v Speaker 5>them for them, you know. So they've learned a lot

0:43:01.200 --> 0:43:03.600
<v Speaker 5>since then. Here we long was assassinated by the way

0:43:04.120 --> 0:43:06.360
<v Speaker 5>in the state capitol, on the steps of the capitol.

0:43:07.080 --> 0:43:09.160
<v Speaker 5>There's a lot of conspiracy theories about.

0:43:08.920 --> 0:43:12.720
<v Speaker 2>That, but he was really I mean, the same story

0:43:12.800 --> 0:43:16.320
<v Speaker 2>on a very small scale involving muskrats that happened with

0:43:16.400 --> 0:43:17.080
<v Speaker 2>Leander Perez.

0:43:17.280 --> 0:43:17.840
<v Speaker 5>Absolutely.

0:43:17.920 --> 0:43:21.160
<v Speaker 2>I mean it's like, yeah, at some level, you talk

0:43:21.200 --> 0:43:24.440
<v Speaker 2>about a story about big oil money and governing a state,

0:43:25.239 --> 0:43:30.000
<v Speaker 2>this was Leander Perez just had his parish that he

0:43:30.280 --> 0:43:30.960
<v Speaker 2>was the king of.

0:43:31.239 --> 0:43:33.839
<v Speaker 5>He was the dictator of his own parish for sure.

0:43:34.080 --> 0:43:37.719
<v Speaker 2>So it's this thing scales inside of people power scales.

0:43:38.040 --> 0:43:38.719
<v Speaker 1>Absolutely.

0:43:46.560 --> 0:43:49.359
<v Speaker 5>You've seen the film, yes, do you remember the last

0:43:49.400 --> 0:43:54.080
<v Speaker 5>shot of the film, So the ending shot is of

0:43:54.760 --> 0:43:57.759
<v Speaker 5>what looks like a muskrat. I ended the film with

0:43:57.840 --> 0:44:01.680
<v Speaker 5>that image because it's like all of this fighting, all

0:44:01.760 --> 0:44:08.600
<v Speaker 5>of this bloodshed and warfare and animosity over this creature,

0:44:09.680 --> 0:44:11.520
<v Speaker 5>and it's just sort of the matter of factness of

0:44:11.600 --> 0:44:15.520
<v Speaker 5>the animal who's just oblivious to its environment, you know.

0:44:15.840 --> 0:44:20.560
<v Speaker 2>You know, it also shows the frivolity of human nature too,

0:44:20.760 --> 0:44:24.799
<v Speaker 2>that's right, that we were willing to kill in order

0:44:24.840 --> 0:44:28.560
<v Speaker 2>to get this little little animal. Yeah, that's not even

0:44:28.920 --> 0:44:32.560
<v Speaker 2>nobody wants fur coats, nobody. I mean, fur trade's kind

0:44:32.600 --> 0:44:34.440
<v Speaker 2>of coming back just a little bit in some places.

0:44:34.520 --> 0:44:38.120
<v Speaker 2>But it was this fashion trend, you know, that pushed

0:44:38.200 --> 0:44:41.480
<v Speaker 2>people in this time to do this kind of extreme stuff.

0:44:41.880 --> 0:44:46.480
<v Speaker 5>Yeah. Here humans are fighting over money and land, and

0:44:47.640 --> 0:44:52.120
<v Speaker 5>here are these animals. They're just still oblivious to the

0:44:52.760 --> 0:44:56.239
<v Speaker 5>insanity that we are producting in our daily lives and

0:44:56.280 --> 0:44:57.840
<v Speaker 5>they're just going about their business.

0:45:02.160 --> 0:45:04.400
<v Speaker 2>Is there something that we can learn about human nature?

0:45:04.480 --> 0:45:08.240
<v Speaker 2>About people? Like, what's the what's the value in this story?

0:45:09.640 --> 0:45:13.279
<v Speaker 1>I'd have to look at leand the Perez's position that

0:45:13.520 --> 0:45:17.800
<v Speaker 1>some men, I guess I would want that power to

0:45:17.920 --> 0:45:18.759
<v Speaker 1>do what they want to do.

0:45:19.400 --> 0:45:22.560
<v Speaker 2>So that's that shows you that there's kind of dangerous

0:45:22.600 --> 0:45:23.200
<v Speaker 2>people out there.

0:45:23.480 --> 0:45:27.840
<v Speaker 1>Oh yeah, well Leander wasn't the first one. It is

0:45:27.960 --> 0:45:31.840
<v Speaker 1>not going to be the last one. There's always some

0:45:32.080 --> 0:45:35.560
<v Speaker 1>people like that out there. You know that they just

0:45:36.360 --> 0:45:38.440
<v Speaker 1>when they get a certain amount of power, it just

0:45:39.520 --> 0:45:43.600
<v Speaker 1>upsets them, you know, I guess m hm. So you know,

0:45:43.840 --> 0:45:46.279
<v Speaker 1>somebody mentions LeAnn the Perez that's this is all I

0:45:46.400 --> 0:45:51.960
<v Speaker 1>can think of. He tried to kill more people. H Yeah,

0:46:01.600 --> 0:46:04.480
<v Speaker 1>other people may look at him different, but I can

0:46:05.800 --> 0:46:06.239
<v Speaker 1>it's sad.

0:46:11.280 --> 0:46:15.680
<v Speaker 2>Looking into the lives of humans is wildly interesting and

0:46:15.800 --> 0:46:20.360
<v Speaker 2>to me, especially when it overlaps with wildlife, even muskrats.

0:46:21.320 --> 0:46:23.520
<v Speaker 2>But inside of these stories, I think that we can

0:46:23.600 --> 0:46:28.080
<v Speaker 2>learn so much. And as a final thought in regards

0:46:28.160 --> 0:46:33.319
<v Speaker 2>to the animals, today, muskrats are almost completely gone out

0:46:33.360 --> 0:46:39.880
<v Speaker 2>of Louisiana. They have been ecologically replaced by the invasive nutria.

0:46:41.200 --> 0:46:43.680
<v Speaker 2>In the last few years, less than four hundred muskrats

0:46:43.719 --> 0:46:47.600
<v Speaker 2>were trapped annually in the whole state, down from millions

0:46:48.160 --> 0:46:54.200
<v Speaker 2>one hundred years ago. Things are always changing and Wimpy

0:46:54.280 --> 0:46:59.040
<v Speaker 2>Serenai and Paul Leguard's family land on Delacroix Island, where

0:46:59.080 --> 0:47:03.840
<v Speaker 2>their families used to trap, are now almost completely underwater

0:47:04.280 --> 0:47:09.360
<v Speaker 2>as South Louisiana continues to sink. It's a wild story.

0:47:12.040 --> 0:47:15.520
<v Speaker 2>I can't thank you enough for listening to Bear Grease Brins,

0:47:15.560 --> 0:47:20.840
<v Speaker 2>This Country Life and Lakes Backwoods University. Please leave us

0:47:20.880 --> 0:47:24.840
<v Speaker 2>a review on iTunes, share this podcast directly with a friend,

0:47:25.320 --> 0:47:28.799
<v Speaker 2>share it on social media. We thank you so much

0:47:28.960 --> 0:47:32.560
<v Speaker 2>for your support this Bear Grease feed and what we're

0:47:32.640 --> 0:47:37.360
<v Speaker 2>doing keep the wild places wild because that's where the

0:47:37.400 --> 0:47:37.920
<v Speaker 2>bears live.