1
00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:10,520
Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature feature production of iHeartRadio. I'm your host

2
00:00:10,560 --> 00:00:15,760
Speaker 1: of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology and evolutionary biology,

3
00:00:15,760 --> 00:00:19,080
Speaker 1: and today on the show, we're talking about the creatures

4
00:00:19,120 --> 00:00:23,160
Speaker 1: of Fallout, from the rad roaches to the like weird

5
00:00:23,239 --> 00:00:26,360
Speaker 1: naked more rap mutants. Is this accurate?

6
00:00:26,600 --> 00:00:27,880
Speaker 2: What this actually happened?

7
00:00:28,040 --> 00:00:31,800
Speaker 1: What do we know about how animals might survive nuclear radiation?

8
00:00:32,479 --> 00:00:34,599
Speaker 1: Discover this and more as we answer the age old

9
00:00:34,680 --> 00:00:38,920
Speaker 1: question what kind of bogus pr campaign our cockroach is running?

10
00:00:39,520 --> 00:00:41,760
Speaker 1: Joining me today is friend of the show, host of

11
00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:45,880
Speaker 1: George Center the podcast Will Pull, also known as Christy

12
00:00:45,960 --> 00:00:46,960
Speaker 1: Yamagucci Mane.

13
00:00:46,960 --> 00:00:51,360
Speaker 3: Welcome, Thank you, Katie. I appreciate you having me again.

14
00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:57,680
Speaker 3: Glad to be back and talking about this weird video

15
00:00:57,720 --> 00:00:59,600
Speaker 3: game that my kids are obsessed with.

16
00:01:01,800 --> 00:01:04,640
Speaker 2: I'm thrilled to discuss this.

17
00:01:04,720 --> 00:01:08,440
Speaker 3: I've been I've been doing research, mainly through my children

18
00:01:08,520 --> 00:01:13,279
Speaker 3: by asking them questions about the Fallout series in the world,

19
00:01:13,440 --> 00:01:17,959
Speaker 3: and they are They've they've been like kind of side

20
00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:20,039
Speaker 3: eyeing me, like why am I asking about all of

21
00:01:20,080 --> 00:01:23,200
Speaker 3: this all of a sudden. So I'm looking forward to

22
00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:25,200
Speaker 3: being educated so I can go back to them and

23
00:01:25,240 --> 00:01:26,959
Speaker 3: sound like I know what the hell I'm talking about.

24
00:01:27,120 --> 00:01:32,800
Speaker 1: Yes, so, I mean using your kids for experiments is

25
00:01:32,959 --> 00:01:38,040
Speaker 1: very foulout. But yeah, I've actually so, I've played Fallout

26
00:01:38,120 --> 00:01:42,560
Speaker 1: New Vegas. I have not played the other games, and

27
00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:45,320
Speaker 1: there's a lot of them I do want to play,

28
00:01:45,360 --> 00:01:48,680
Speaker 1: like the really the first ones, the super old one

29
00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:52,480
Speaker 1: with the like sprites and isometrics that looks that looks

30
00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:56,440
Speaker 1: like fun. And I have watched the show. I've got

31
00:01:56,480 --> 00:01:59,280
Speaker 1: like two episodes left, So I'm actually not going to

32
00:01:59,360 --> 00:02:03,320
Speaker 1: do any spoilers for either the show or the games.

33
00:02:03,400 --> 00:02:06,000
Speaker 1: So if you are currently watching the show where you

34
00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:07,920
Speaker 1: want to play the games, do not worry. There's no

35
00:02:08,040 --> 00:02:12,280
Speaker 1: spoilers unless you would count like talking about the flora

36
00:02:12,280 --> 00:02:16,040
Speaker 1: and fauna of the universe as a spoiler. But personally,

37
00:02:16,080 --> 00:02:18,040
Speaker 1: I don't really consider it that we're just going to

38
00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:21,560
Speaker 1: talk about like these animals that we see in the

39
00:02:21,600 --> 00:02:24,520
Speaker 1: show and the games, and whether it actually makes sense

40
00:02:24,520 --> 00:02:26,240
Speaker 1: for them to be that way, and what would have

41
00:02:26,320 --> 00:02:32,799
Speaker 1: to happen for us to actually see these weird mutations

42
00:02:32,800 --> 00:02:35,720
Speaker 1: in these monstrosities the series.

43
00:02:36,120 --> 00:02:37,440
Speaker 2: I love Walton Goggins.

44
00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:41,720
Speaker 3: He's probably my favorite creature from the series so far.

45
00:02:41,840 --> 00:02:45,160
Speaker 3: That I have seen, so I don't know if he

46
00:02:45,320 --> 00:02:50,440
Speaker 3: counts necessarily. I guess he's considered a ghoul, yes, And

47
00:02:50,600 --> 00:02:54,280
Speaker 3: I don't know what the rules are in the universe

48
00:02:54,400 --> 00:02:57,640
Speaker 3: of the video game that makes him a ghoul exactly

49
00:02:57,960 --> 00:03:00,800
Speaker 3: or why he is, how he kind of came to

50
00:03:00,880 --> 00:03:05,040
Speaker 3: be the way he is. Yes, so it does he count.

51
00:03:05,080 --> 00:03:07,320
Speaker 3: Are we going to be talking about goules in this series?

52
00:03:07,639 --> 00:03:10,200
Speaker 1: I mean, I wasn't gonna go to in depth about

53
00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:14,480
Speaker 1: it because that's sort of squarely in this science fiction

54
00:03:15,440 --> 00:03:19,120
Speaker 1: region where it's like when humans are exposed to radiation,

55
00:03:20,320 --> 00:03:25,000
Speaker 1: really we just don't do very well. So the idea that, yeah,

56
00:03:25,080 --> 00:03:28,560
Speaker 1: the idea that, so the the gules are humans in

57
00:03:28,600 --> 00:03:30,799
Speaker 1: the in the games and in the show that are

58
00:03:30,840 --> 00:03:35,000
Speaker 1: exposed to radiation and instead of dying horribly, they kind

59
00:03:35,040 --> 00:03:41,160
Speaker 1: of look like sort of like zombies, but they're still

60
00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:46,080
Speaker 1: cognizant and they can live a really long time. They're

61
00:03:46,160 --> 00:03:51,600
Speaker 1: essentially immortal, but then they can go kind of it's

62
00:03:51,800 --> 00:03:54,760
Speaker 1: like they can go feral. So if they don't get

63
00:03:54,880 --> 00:03:58,480
Speaker 1: enough of I don't know, it's unclear in the games

64
00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:00,880
Speaker 1: why this happens, but in this show, I think it's like,

65
00:04:00,920 --> 00:04:04,200
Speaker 1: if you don't get enough of a certain substance, you

66
00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:07,840
Speaker 1: you can basically lose your mind and turn into a zombies.

67
00:04:08,080 --> 00:04:11,560
Speaker 3: So it's like the it's like the comic book fantasy

68
00:04:12,080 --> 00:04:14,000
Speaker 3: version of what we wish would happen if we were

69
00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:15,320
Speaker 3: exposed to nuclear.

70
00:04:15,080 --> 00:04:19,960
Speaker 1: Radiationally, yes, this is right. Yeah, in truth, there's not

71
00:04:20,839 --> 00:04:23,919
Speaker 1: the levels of radiation one when be exposed to in

72
00:04:24,040 --> 00:04:28,880
Speaker 1: sort of a post nuclear apocalypse situation, I don't think

73
00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:33,320
Speaker 1: would improve your longevity. There's like some research in that

74
00:04:33,800 --> 00:04:38,560
Speaker 1: into whether really really low doses of radiation can actually

75
00:04:38,640 --> 00:04:44,000
Speaker 1: be good for you because it can kind of encourage

76
00:04:44,360 --> 00:04:48,640
Speaker 1: anti oxidants in your body, like the production of these

77
00:04:48,680 --> 00:04:54,240
Speaker 1: anti free radicals, and so in order to actually kind

78
00:04:54,279 --> 00:04:58,320
Speaker 1: of combat the radiation, your body may also combat other

79
00:04:59,640 --> 00:05:03,120
Speaker 1: disease and stuff. But it's it's the research on it

80
00:05:03,160 --> 00:05:05,320
Speaker 1: is not super clear, which is why you should not

81
00:05:05,560 --> 00:05:09,320
Speaker 1: like intentionally expose yourself to low levels of radiation because

82
00:05:09,360 --> 00:05:11,200
Speaker 1: it could also just give you cancer.

83
00:05:12,040 --> 00:05:16,280
Speaker 2: Yeah. It's just a little too much of a good thing,

84
00:05:16,600 --> 00:05:17,240
Speaker 2: is is?

85
00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:17,679
Speaker 1: Uh?

86
00:05:17,800 --> 00:05:20,640
Speaker 2: Yeah, Yeah, it turns on a dime real quick.

87
00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:23,560
Speaker 1: Yeah, it's it's a it's not something to like, it's

88
00:05:23,600 --> 00:05:27,040
Speaker 1: not something to experiment with. Like a Keto diet or

89
00:05:27,160 --> 00:05:30,080
Speaker 1: you know, like I'm going to try cutting milk out

90
00:05:30,080 --> 00:05:31,960
Speaker 1: of my diet or whatever. It's like I'm going to

91
00:05:32,040 --> 00:05:34,360
Speaker 1: try just a little bit of radiation to make see

92
00:05:34,400 --> 00:05:37,159
Speaker 1: if it makes me immortal. It's probably not gonna work out.

93
00:05:37,920 --> 00:05:39,839
Speaker 3: So that I feel like that's why people that fly

94
00:05:39,920 --> 00:05:43,479
Speaker 3: a lot are probably doing with those body scanners. Oh yeah,

95
00:05:43,560 --> 00:05:47,120
Speaker 3: you get but yeah, they're just a little little dost

96
00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:49,360
Speaker 3: morning dust every every time you fly.

97
00:05:49,720 --> 00:05:52,120
Speaker 1: Yeah. So the first thing we're going to talk about

98
00:05:52,360 --> 00:05:56,440
Speaker 1: is the I guess I don't know, probably people would

99
00:05:56,720 --> 00:05:58,719
Speaker 1: argue this with me, but they seem like the most

100
00:05:58,960 --> 00:06:05,799
Speaker 1: iconic creature of the Fallout franchise, the red roaches, these

101
00:06:05,960 --> 00:06:11,719
Speaker 1: giant cockroaches that have been radiated, of course, falling neatly

102
00:06:11,960 --> 00:06:15,920
Speaker 1: into the stereotype of roaches being the one thing that

103
00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:20,680
Speaker 1: could survive a nuclear war. So I'm sure you've like

104
00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:24,400
Speaker 1: heard that, like roaches would survive anything, they'd survive a

105
00:06:24,480 --> 00:06:25,160
Speaker 1: nuclear war.

106
00:06:25,800 --> 00:06:26,960
Speaker 2: Yeah, I have heard that.

107
00:06:26,960 --> 00:06:30,760
Speaker 3: That was like always like a cool factor, like alongside

108
00:06:30,800 --> 00:06:32,960
Speaker 3: the fact that you could cut a roach's head off

109
00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:36,800
Speaker 3: and it would survive, for like it would it would

110
00:06:36,839 --> 00:06:39,359
Speaker 3: keep on living, it would starve to death essentially like

111
00:06:39,480 --> 00:06:42,680
Speaker 3: it it would keep functioning but just wouldn't have the

112
00:06:42,720 --> 00:06:47,640
Speaker 3: capacity to eat. So, yes, that that was that was

113
00:06:47,680 --> 00:06:51,440
Speaker 3: what like twinkies and roaches were the only things that

114
00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:55,880
Speaker 3: would like survive a nuclear holocaust basically.

115
00:06:55,800 --> 00:06:59,240
Speaker 1: Yeah, which is not necessarily true. I mean that Actually

116
00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:03,280
Speaker 1: the head thing is more true in terms of like

117
00:07:03,680 --> 00:07:06,279
Speaker 1: it depends on how much of the head you cut off, right,

118
00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:08,560
Speaker 1: Like if you cut off so like there's parts of

119
00:07:08,600 --> 00:07:10,400
Speaker 1: the head you can cut off and the roach will

120
00:07:10,440 --> 00:07:14,880
Speaker 1: still somewhat function until obviously it can no longer survive.

121
00:07:14,920 --> 00:07:18,480
Speaker 1: But the same is actually somewhat true of chickens. If

122
00:07:18,480 --> 00:07:24,960
Speaker 1: you accidentally missed their basically the part of the the

123
00:07:26,560 --> 00:07:31,400
Speaker 1: brain stem, they can theoretically, and in one instance in

124
00:07:31,440 --> 00:07:34,840
Speaker 1: real life survive. There was one chicken that got its

125
00:07:34,840 --> 00:07:39,000
Speaker 1: head cut off and it but the chopping missed a

126
00:07:39,080 --> 00:07:41,880
Speaker 1: large section of its brain stem. So it's still like

127
00:07:42,200 --> 00:07:49,120
Speaker 1: chickened around just without and its owner tried to like

128
00:07:49,280 --> 00:07:52,640
Speaker 1: feed it by using a eye dropper to put food

129
00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:56,559
Speaker 1: and water down its neck hole. Yeah it's not great,

130
00:07:56,880 --> 00:08:00,640
Speaker 1: but the point is so with roaches, yeah, they can

131
00:08:00,680 --> 00:08:04,440
Speaker 1: survive a lot. They're very hearty, right, But in terms

132
00:08:04,440 --> 00:08:09,000
Speaker 1: of radiation. While it's true that they can survive more

133
00:08:09,160 --> 00:08:13,920
Speaker 1: radiation than a human, they're a weird like poster bug

134
00:08:14,400 --> 00:08:18,560
Speaker 1: for surviving nuclear falloup because they are by far not

135
00:08:18,880 --> 00:08:22,960
Speaker 1: the most impressive bug. They're not actually that great at

136
00:08:23,040 --> 00:08:29,040
Speaker 1: surviving radiation. They are great at exploiting human resources. They

137
00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:33,360
Speaker 1: can even like karate chop parasitoid wasps that try to

138
00:08:33,400 --> 00:08:37,440
Speaker 1: attack them. So, I mean, I don't love roaches because

139
00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:39,440
Speaker 1: I don't want them in my house, but I really

140
00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:42,880
Speaker 1: admire I admire their spirit. But yeah, in terms of radiation,

141
00:08:42,920 --> 00:08:48,040
Speaker 1: they're not actually that amazing. So there's this great article

142
00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:53,240
Speaker 1: called cockroaches and Radiation by Australian science communicator doctor Carl

143
00:08:53,320 --> 00:08:58,480
Speaker 1: Kuzelnikki in ABC's Science that goes into how various insects

144
00:08:58,559 --> 00:09:02,560
Speaker 1: can survive radiation. If you're interested, i'll have a link

145
00:09:02,600 --> 00:09:06,520
Speaker 1: to it in the show notes. They are heardier than

146
00:09:06,600 --> 00:09:11,640
Speaker 1: humans when it comes to radiation. So humans can survive

147
00:09:11,720 --> 00:09:16,320
Speaker 1: about one hundred to two hundred rads. You will probably

148
00:09:16,360 --> 00:09:19,440
Speaker 1: get radiation sickness from that amount, but it's not fatal.

149
00:09:20,880 --> 00:09:25,960
Speaker 1: Radiation illness gets progressively worse and more fatal as you

150
00:09:26,040 --> 00:09:28,760
Speaker 1: go from two hundred to a thousand rads, and at

151
00:09:28,800 --> 00:09:32,120
Speaker 1: a thousand rads, you're doomed pretty much to die in

152
00:09:32,160 --> 00:09:35,320
Speaker 1: a horrible way. And this is that too, you're very

153
00:09:35,400 --> 00:09:38,520
Speaker 1: likely to die. But it just gets progressively more and

154
00:09:38,600 --> 00:09:39,120
Speaker 1: more bad.

155
00:09:40,080 --> 00:09:42,160
Speaker 2: Yeah, the like I've never.

156
00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:50,720
Speaker 3: Like calling them rads is like, yeah, like it's it's

157
00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:54,680
Speaker 3: the funnest sounding way to get poisoned by something measuring

158
00:09:54,720 --> 00:09:58,080
Speaker 3: something that's killing you. It's like, it's, uh like, I

159
00:09:58,200 --> 00:10:01,160
Speaker 3: want like exactly, like a want to increase the amount

160
00:10:01,200 --> 00:10:02,960
Speaker 3: of rads on being exposed to.

161
00:10:03,600 --> 00:10:04,440
Speaker 2: No, the heck you do not.

162
00:10:05,400 --> 00:10:08,760
Speaker 3: Yeah, I just it's it's hard to uh like, I've

163
00:10:08,760 --> 00:10:15,320
Speaker 3: never heard that measurement before. So that's the measurement of radiation, Yes, radiation, Okay,

164
00:10:15,400 --> 00:10:16,280
Speaker 3: units of radiation.

165
00:10:16,360 --> 00:10:18,120
Speaker 2: I did not know that they were called rads.

166
00:10:18,600 --> 00:10:21,600
Speaker 3: That's the first time that I've I've been exposed, well,

167
00:10:21,800 --> 00:10:24,199
Speaker 3: no pun intended exposed to that unit of measurement.

168
00:10:25,160 --> 00:10:29,000
Speaker 1: They're not typically exposed to that, Yeah, exactly, exactly.

169
00:10:29,160 --> 00:10:35,959
Speaker 3: Yeah, so so roaches aren't the best at this. Does

170
00:10:36,360 --> 00:10:40,880
Speaker 3: does the paper talk about what insect they have found

171
00:10:40,920 --> 00:10:43,760
Speaker 3: to be the the most hearty when.

172
00:10:43,679 --> 00:10:45,400
Speaker 2: It comes to being exposed to this stuff?

173
00:10:45,520 --> 00:10:51,040
Speaker 1: Yeah, so just for a comparison humans. The humans survival

174
00:10:51,120 --> 00:10:54,239
Speaker 1: like up to around two hundred rads and we're basically

175
00:10:54,320 --> 00:10:57,520
Speaker 1: okay other than that, like we can't survive higher, but

176
00:10:58,320 --> 00:11:01,880
Speaker 1: it gets more less and les survivable the higher it goes,

177
00:11:02,120 --> 00:11:05,160
Speaker 1: until like at a thousand, it's like you're definitely dead.

178
00:11:06,040 --> 00:11:09,360
Speaker 1: But even at four hundred you may very likely die

179
00:11:10,320 --> 00:11:13,600
Speaker 1: at the very least, it's not going to be good.

180
00:11:13,640 --> 00:11:18,400
Speaker 1: But cockroaches can survive up to six thousand rats, which is,

181
00:11:18,440 --> 00:11:21,760
Speaker 1: you know, like at least three times that of humans,

182
00:11:22,440 --> 00:11:26,320
Speaker 1: although after about a thousand they become infertile, so that's

183
00:11:26,360 --> 00:11:31,920
Speaker 1: not great for continuing your cockroach lineage. So yeah, better

184
00:11:31,920 --> 00:11:36,880
Speaker 1: than humans. But parasitoid wasps so we love to talk

185
00:11:36,880 --> 00:11:39,960
Speaker 1: about these. I mentioned them earlier as getting karate chopped

186
00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:46,320
Speaker 1: by cockroaches. So parasitoid wasps are wasps often quite small

187
00:11:46,840 --> 00:11:50,560
Speaker 1: that will lay their eggs inside or on top of

188
00:11:50,640 --> 00:11:54,360
Speaker 1: their prey, their victims, and when the eggs hatch, the

189
00:11:54,559 --> 00:11:59,320
Speaker 1: larvae either eats the victim from the inside out or

190
00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:02,319
Speaker 1: it like sucks the juices from on top of them.

191
00:12:02,440 --> 00:12:06,079
Speaker 1: They're called parasitoids because they're not only parasites, but they

192
00:12:06,160 --> 00:12:08,840
Speaker 1: actually end up killing their victims so they they suck

193
00:12:08,880 --> 00:12:09,880
Speaker 1: them completely dry.

194
00:12:10,679 --> 00:12:12,679
Speaker 3: And one of the first episodes I was on, we

195
00:12:12,720 --> 00:12:17,439
Speaker 3: talked about, uh, like the zombie snail. Yes, like like

196
00:12:17,679 --> 00:12:20,400
Speaker 3: that that was just like a normal parasite, right Like,

197
00:12:20,480 --> 00:12:23,000
Speaker 3: I feel like we've talked about like almost every episode

198
00:12:23,040 --> 00:12:25,600
Speaker 3: I've been on, there's been some version of a parasitoid wasp.

199
00:12:25,679 --> 00:12:28,600
Speaker 3: There's a lot of these these things, right, like, like

200
00:12:28,760 --> 00:12:29,680
Speaker 3: the wasp.

201
00:12:29,960 --> 00:12:31,480
Speaker 2: I feel like the wasp is like.

202
00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:36,280
Speaker 3: The the like land insect version of a crab, like

203
00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:39,520
Speaker 3: everything like it just like everything ends up being a

204
00:12:39,640 --> 00:12:43,280
Speaker 3: wasp at some point like that, I like, aren't ants

205
00:12:43,320 --> 00:12:45,320
Speaker 3: basically like wingless wasps?

206
00:12:47,080 --> 00:12:52,320
Speaker 1: I mean, I don't know they're they're uh, they're related

207
00:12:52,480 --> 00:12:56,960
Speaker 1: to wasps distantly, but I wouldn't necessarily describe them as

208
00:12:57,040 --> 00:12:57,960
Speaker 1: wingless wasps.

209
00:12:58,000 --> 00:13:00,800
Speaker 3: No, Okay, okay, I feel like I feel like there's

210
00:13:00,840 --> 00:13:04,040
Speaker 3: a lot more insects that I thought were completely separate

211
00:13:04,160 --> 00:13:07,280
Speaker 3: from wasps that it just turns out there another version.

212
00:13:07,880 --> 00:13:12,000
Speaker 1: I see, Yeah, there's a velvet ant is actually a

213
00:13:12,160 --> 00:13:12,960
Speaker 1: type of wasp.

214
00:13:13,120 --> 00:13:15,679
Speaker 2: Maybe that's okay, okay, maybe that's yeah, maybe That's what

215
00:13:15,679 --> 00:13:16,439
Speaker 2: I'm thinking.

216
00:13:16,200 --> 00:13:19,360
Speaker 1: Of, But a velvet ant is actually not an ant

217
00:13:19,440 --> 00:13:21,880
Speaker 1: at all. It's it's just it is just straight up

218
00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:27,360
Speaker 1: a species of wasps. Yeah, exactly. So the one you're

219
00:13:27,400 --> 00:13:30,280
Speaker 1: talking about that we talked when when I had you

220
00:13:30,360 --> 00:13:35,000
Speaker 1: on the show earlier is called leucochloridium. It's a parasitic

221
00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:40,120
Speaker 1: flatworm that basically infects snails, turns them into a you know,

222
00:13:40,840 --> 00:13:49,959
Speaker 1: a yeah, raving brood sack. But yeah, so for UH,

223
00:13:50,080 --> 00:13:54,520
Speaker 1: in that case, I think the uh snail will accidentally

224
00:13:54,720 --> 00:13:59,400
Speaker 1: ingest the parasite. In the case of these uh parasitoid wasps,

225
00:13:59,480 --> 00:14:03,880
Speaker 1: the wasp will lay the eggs in or on the animals.

226
00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:07,640
Speaker 1: So these parasitoid wasps, one of the examples being the

227
00:14:07,720 --> 00:14:11,160
Speaker 1: habro break On parasitoid wasp, which is a teeny tiny

228
00:14:11,240 --> 00:14:14,200
Speaker 1: wasp actually, which can be like the size of an ant,

229
00:14:14,440 --> 00:14:19,560
Speaker 1: can survive nearly one hundred and sixty thousand rads, although

230
00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:23,880
Speaker 1: they were sterilized around four thousand rads, So one hundred

231
00:14:23,880 --> 00:14:29,160
Speaker 1: and sixty thousand that's like, you know, compared to humans,

232
00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:34,120
Speaker 1: where by around four hundred rads, things are looking pretty grim.

233
00:14:35,080 --> 00:14:38,920
Speaker 1: And yeah, I mean, obviously being sterilized is not great,

234
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:43,800
Speaker 1: but still it's four thousand rads at which they are sterilized,

235
00:14:43,840 --> 00:14:48,240
Speaker 1: so that's still quite a big dose of radiation. In fact,

236
00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:55,480
Speaker 1: irradiated wasps often lived longer than non irradiated wasps, which

237
00:14:55,560 --> 00:14:59,280
Speaker 1: is the idea was that maybe the irradiation made them

238
00:14:59,280 --> 00:15:03,600
Speaker 1: a little more act, which may have made them live

239
00:15:03,600 --> 00:15:06,560
Speaker 1: a little longer through some kind of like acquired fitness

240
00:15:06,640 --> 00:15:11,080
Speaker 1: or increased activity like you've given them. Essentially, wasp coffee,

241
00:15:11,400 --> 00:15:16,480
Speaker 1: which is radiation, that doesn't necessarily mean that they are fitter, right,

242
00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:19,080
Speaker 1: Like if they're radiated and they live longer, but their

243
00:15:19,160 --> 00:15:23,760
Speaker 1: reproductive success is worse, that doesn't make it better for them.

244
00:15:23,760 --> 00:15:30,040
Speaker 1: But essentially radiations seem to be like parasitoid wasp coffee.

245
00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:37,600
Speaker 3: I can already envision an Instagram ad for like lightly

246
00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:41,760
Speaker 3: radiated coffee as like a new like grift, you know,

247
00:15:42,080 --> 00:15:43,920
Speaker 3: like like you know how you know how there's these

248
00:15:43,920 --> 00:15:47,280
Speaker 3: like trends in the health and wellness community or like

249
00:15:48,280 --> 00:15:50,640
Speaker 3: suddenly suddenly everybody needs to do.

250
00:15:51,120 --> 00:15:53,480
Speaker 2: Uh, I don't know, I'm trying to think of one.

251
00:15:53,520 --> 00:16:00,760
Speaker 3: Now coffee aenemas or activated charcoal or uh you know

252
00:16:00,840 --> 00:16:06,040
Speaker 3: whatever whatever like their current yeah exactly, uh you know, uh,

253
00:16:06,320 --> 00:16:09,520
Speaker 3: get sun in between your butt cheeks. You know, uh

254
00:16:10,040 --> 00:16:13,360
Speaker 3: that that type of thing I could I could imagine

255
00:16:13,360 --> 00:16:16,000
Speaker 3: there being like a like you were saying, like, light

256
00:16:16,120 --> 00:16:20,360
Speaker 3: doses of radiation have been found to free up antioxidants.

257
00:16:20,400 --> 00:16:24,160
Speaker 3: Will we radiate our coffee slightly? Yeah, and give you

258
00:16:24,200 --> 00:16:25,520
Speaker 3: a healthy dose each morning?

259
00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:30,160
Speaker 1: Yeah, there's a reason that we do things like our cts,

260
00:16:30,280 --> 00:16:35,640
Speaker 1: randomized controlled trials and health and safety testing because you know,

261
00:16:36,680 --> 00:16:39,840
Speaker 1: I mean, the Fallout series is a great, uh, a

262
00:16:39,840 --> 00:16:43,880
Speaker 1: great way to look at what happens when we experiment

263
00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:49,480
Speaker 1: wildly with things without any concern for users. Age. Sure, so,

264
00:16:49,960 --> 00:16:54,760
Speaker 1: uh but yeah, the the it is for these walls, right, Like,

265
00:16:54,800 --> 00:16:58,600
Speaker 1: if you're a parasitoid wasps parasitoid wasp, things are looking

266
00:16:58,600 --> 00:17:04,040
Speaker 1: pretty good for you in terms of nuclear fallout. So,

267
00:17:04,720 --> 00:17:08,120
Speaker 1: you know, if I just find it strange that cockroaches

268
00:17:08,200 --> 00:17:10,800
Speaker 1: are the famous ones, like these are the ones that

269
00:17:10,840 --> 00:17:13,720
Speaker 1: would survive. Like, actually, parasitoid wasps are much more likely.

270
00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:18,000
Speaker 1: First of all, they're smaller, so they require less nutrition

271
00:17:18,040 --> 00:17:23,520
Speaker 1: than a cockroach. And fruitflies are also extremely can sustain

272
00:17:24,560 --> 00:17:27,800
Speaker 1: a good amount of radiation, So there would be conceivably

273
00:17:28,960 --> 00:17:32,159
Speaker 1: some other insects for the parasitoid wasp to feed on.

274
00:17:32,520 --> 00:17:36,480
Speaker 1: So as long as some vegetation survives, right, some sources

275
00:17:36,480 --> 00:17:41,080
Speaker 1: of food, for like a fruit fly, parasitoid wasps could

276
00:17:41,119 --> 00:17:43,840
Speaker 1: survive and prey on the fruit fly, right, So you

277
00:17:43,880 --> 00:17:47,240
Speaker 1: could have like a little some mini ecosystems of fruitflies

278
00:17:47,359 --> 00:17:51,880
Speaker 1: and other insects parasitoid wasps. So I feel like if

279
00:17:51,920 --> 00:17:55,639
Speaker 1: I was, if I was a game developer or writer

280
00:17:55,760 --> 00:17:57,600
Speaker 1: for the show, you can hire me. By the way,

281
00:17:57,640 --> 00:18:00,879
Speaker 1: I'm I've got room in my skaled to talk about

282
00:18:00,960 --> 00:18:05,600
Speaker 1: parasitoid wasps with you. I would have something like this

283
00:18:05,720 --> 00:18:08,520
Speaker 1: where it's like, sure, make it huge and menacing in

284
00:18:08,640 --> 00:18:11,119
Speaker 1: legs and humans. That would be really fun. It's not,

285
00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:14,120
Speaker 1: you know, I don't know that there would be evolutionary

286
00:18:14,160 --> 00:18:16,600
Speaker 1: pressure to make things big and this we'll actually talk

287
00:18:16,600 --> 00:18:17,840
Speaker 1: a little bit more about that.

288
00:18:18,040 --> 00:18:20,199
Speaker 3: That's actually one of the question the main questions I

289
00:18:20,240 --> 00:18:23,600
Speaker 3: have is like, is there any real basis for the

290
00:18:23,680 --> 00:18:25,639
Speaker 3: inclination to make these animals big.

291
00:18:25,840 --> 00:18:27,399
Speaker 1: That's a great question.

292
00:18:27,400 --> 00:18:29,959
Speaker 3: From nuclear nuclear fallout. So we wouldn't have to get

293
00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:30,760
Speaker 3: into it right now, but.

294
00:18:30,880 --> 00:18:33,800
Speaker 1: We will, you know, we will very very shortly. I

295
00:18:33,880 --> 00:18:37,320
Speaker 1: just want to say that I would, you know, if

296
00:18:37,359 --> 00:18:40,920
Speaker 1: you wanted to have a scene where a mutated parasitoid

297
00:18:41,080 --> 00:18:44,080
Speaker 1: wasp lays eggs in you and then you they burst

298
00:18:44,160 --> 00:18:47,160
Speaker 1: out of you like your pinata full of baby wasps.

299
00:18:47,640 --> 00:18:49,080
Speaker 2: I think that would both.

300
00:18:48,920 --> 00:18:52,359
Speaker 1: Be somewhat based in science, but also have some of

301
00:18:52,400 --> 00:18:57,280
Speaker 1: the fun you know science fiction. Yeah, body horror exactly, exactly,

302
00:18:57,440 --> 00:19:02,240
Speaker 1: just free ideas you know out there for you for

303
00:19:02,359 --> 00:19:07,600
Speaker 1: all the Hollywood execs listening to this show about evolutionary biology. Yes,

304
00:19:08,040 --> 00:19:09,959
Speaker 1: but we're gonna take a quick break and when we

305
00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:12,639
Speaker 1: get back, we are going to answer that question of

306
00:19:13,280 --> 00:19:18,120
Speaker 1: wha of whether it would really be better for animals

307
00:19:18,119 --> 00:19:22,160
Speaker 1: to get bigger after nuclear war? Right? Is this something

308
00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:25,080
Speaker 1: likely to happen? Are we just going to get giant

309
00:19:25,400 --> 00:19:29,960
Speaker 1: axe Lotel's giant weird bears and stuff? So we will

310
00:19:29,960 --> 00:19:34,800
Speaker 1: be right back. So the TV show, and I think

311
00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:37,920
Speaker 1: a lot of the games are set roughly two hundred

312
00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:41,000
Speaker 1: years after the bombs drop. So would this be enough

313
00:19:41,040 --> 00:19:45,640
Speaker 1: time for these huge evolutionary changes to take place? Would

314
00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:49,679
Speaker 1: radiation speed up evolution this much? Now I know that

315
00:19:49,760 --> 00:19:54,040
Speaker 1: there's like in Fallout lore, without getting into spoilers, there's

316
00:19:54,119 --> 00:20:00,560
Speaker 1: stuff other than radiation driving some of the mutations in people.

317
00:20:00,600 --> 00:20:03,760
Speaker 1: And animals, So it's not all just like natural selection

318
00:20:03,840 --> 00:20:06,320
Speaker 1: and radiation. But let's talk about this idea because like,

319
00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:08,200
Speaker 1: I don't think this is too much of a spoiler,

320
00:20:08,200 --> 00:20:11,840
Speaker 1: but in the show, it's like, explain that these cockroaches, right,

321
00:20:11,880 --> 00:20:14,480
Speaker 1: they got really big to feed on, like bigger prey,

322
00:20:15,680 --> 00:20:19,760
Speaker 1: and so yeah, let's talk about whether this would happen

323
00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:22,639
Speaker 1: or whether things could evolve that quickly. I mean, the

324
00:20:22,720 --> 00:20:27,600
Speaker 1: thing that is quasi true is that radiation does increase

325
00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:32,399
Speaker 1: the rate of genetic mutations. Usually that's not a good thing, right, Like,

326
00:20:32,520 --> 00:20:38,040
Speaker 1: usually that's just cancer or an unviable pregnancy. I think

327
00:20:38,160 --> 00:20:41,000
Speaker 1: two hundred years is a little bit short of a

328
00:20:41,080 --> 00:20:46,800
Speaker 1: time span for things to change so dramatically. Sure things

329
00:20:46,840 --> 00:20:49,119
Speaker 1: could get a little bigger or a little smaller in

330
00:20:49,160 --> 00:20:52,320
Speaker 1: that amount of time you could have. I mean there

331
00:20:52,359 --> 00:20:55,640
Speaker 1: are some like we can't observe some evolutionary changes within

332
00:20:55,680 --> 00:21:00,239
Speaker 1: our lifetimes, right, Like you know the famous example of

333
00:21:00,280 --> 00:21:03,880
Speaker 1: like beak shape in Darwin's finches, Right, Like, they will

334
00:21:03,960 --> 00:21:07,560
Speaker 1: change over seasons in terms of which kinds of seeds

335
00:21:07,600 --> 00:21:11,680
Speaker 1: are more available. So you can sometimes get these observable

336
00:21:11,800 --> 00:21:15,760
Speaker 1: changes within shorter periods of time, within say two hundred years, Yes,

337
00:21:15,840 --> 00:21:20,960
Speaker 1: you could get observable evolutionary changes, but would you get

338
00:21:21,040 --> 00:21:24,760
Speaker 1: giant rad roaches like huge bugs? Would this happen? Right?

339
00:21:26,240 --> 00:21:28,440
Speaker 3: And it also it also kind of depends on how

340
00:21:28,520 --> 00:21:32,119
Speaker 3: short the generations are from animal to animal, right, Like

341
00:21:32,320 --> 00:21:35,960
Speaker 3: the gestation period for like large land mammals is a

342
00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:38,400
Speaker 3: lot longer than it is for fruitflies.

343
00:21:38,560 --> 00:21:40,680
Speaker 2: Yes, so the fruit fruitflies.

344
00:21:40,119 --> 00:21:42,480
Speaker 3: You know, they have like a lifespan of three days

345
00:21:43,920 --> 00:21:46,360
Speaker 3: in some of them, some of the species. I think

346
00:21:46,440 --> 00:21:49,240
Speaker 3: so like that you would in those two hundred years,

347
00:21:49,240 --> 00:21:53,480
Speaker 3: you would have thousands and thousands of generations of fruitflies

348
00:21:53,560 --> 00:21:57,199
Speaker 3: that could evolve, you know, cool lasers that shoot out

349
00:21:57,240 --> 00:22:00,320
Speaker 3: of their foreheads versus versus like a giant bear or

350
00:22:00,359 --> 00:22:01,560
Speaker 3: a giant salamander.

351
00:22:01,680 --> 00:22:04,280
Speaker 1: No, that's exactly right. Giant lasers are more likely to

352
00:22:04,359 --> 00:22:07,360
Speaker 1: evolve out of insects than like a bere No, but

353
00:22:07,400 --> 00:22:12,800
Speaker 1: that is correct. Like the smaller and more prolific the well,

354
00:22:12,840 --> 00:22:15,360
Speaker 1: I guess it doesn't have to be small, but generally speaking,

355
00:22:15,640 --> 00:22:19,239
Speaker 1: the more prolific an animal is, the more fagundity, and

356
00:22:19,280 --> 00:22:24,320
Speaker 1: the shorter the lifespan, the quicker the evolution will be.

357
00:22:24,520 --> 00:22:28,159
Speaker 1: If such if evolutionary pressures exist on it. So a

358
00:22:28,200 --> 00:22:31,800
Speaker 1: great example is like viruses in bacteria, they evolve very

359
00:22:31,920 --> 00:22:35,359
Speaker 1: rapidly because the pressure is there on them to evolve.

360
00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:39,520
Speaker 1: They're in a very fast paced arms race with our

361
00:22:39,560 --> 00:22:44,520
Speaker 1: immune systems, and they are they reproduce and replicate at

362
00:22:44,640 --> 00:22:50,119
Speaker 1: incredible speeds, an incredible rate. So we see evolution happen

363
00:22:50,240 --> 00:22:55,320
Speaker 1: in viruses and bacteria in real time, right Like it

364
00:22:55,400 --> 00:22:59,080
Speaker 1: happens within a year. That's why we have like you know,

365
00:22:59,200 --> 00:23:02,879
Speaker 1: yearly flo mutants that give us different versions of the

366
00:23:02,920 --> 00:23:06,040
Speaker 1: flu covid mutates, you know, and so we have to

367
00:23:06,160 --> 00:23:09,520
Speaker 1: like have updates on vaccines. So you know, we do

368
00:23:09,600 --> 00:23:15,680
Speaker 1: see rapid evolution in in things like bacteria and viruses

369
00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:19,199
Speaker 1: and you know, and so like in insects, you you

370
00:23:19,240 --> 00:23:23,600
Speaker 1: can see perhaps more rapid evolution. I would say that

371
00:23:24,359 --> 00:23:28,320
Speaker 1: in order for us to get big bugs, we need

372
00:23:28,359 --> 00:23:31,520
Speaker 1: to consider a few things. So like insects did used

373
00:23:31,560 --> 00:23:35,000
Speaker 1: to be really big, including not only insects, but also

374
00:23:35,200 --> 00:23:40,960
Speaker 1: just arthropods in general during the Carboniferous and Permian periods,

375
00:23:41,080 --> 00:23:44,159
Speaker 1: with the kind of famous examples of the giant dragonfly

376
00:23:44,760 --> 00:23:48,120
Speaker 1: like insect that had an over two foot wing span,

377
00:23:48,200 --> 00:23:50,240
Speaker 1: which is around seventy that serator.

378
00:23:50,560 --> 00:23:54,080
Speaker 3: That yeah, that is I can't I can't picture something

379
00:23:54,240 --> 00:23:59,480
Speaker 3: that big. Yeah, in the insect form flying around my head.

380
00:23:59,800 --> 00:24:03,080
Speaker 1: Yeah, like I just eagle sized dragonfly.

381
00:24:03,800 --> 00:24:08,560
Speaker 3: Yeah that that is terrifying and fascinating at the same time.

382
00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:12,639
Speaker 3: Like yeah it uh oh man, the stuff of nightmares.

383
00:24:13,680 --> 00:24:14,120
Speaker 2: Nightmares.

384
00:24:15,000 --> 00:24:17,040
Speaker 3: I would love what Yeah, I would be I would

385
00:24:17,080 --> 00:24:20,200
Speaker 3: be like, I would be so morbidly curious. I would

386
00:24:20,200 --> 00:24:22,879
Speaker 3: get killed by one because I imagine they have like

387
00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:26,159
Speaker 3: giant pincers, like their teeth or something.

388
00:24:26,400 --> 00:24:30,080
Speaker 1: I mean, yeah, they probably would go after larger prey.

389
00:24:30,119 --> 00:24:32,320
Speaker 1: I don't think human size though, I mean.

390
00:24:32,440 --> 00:24:34,480
Speaker 3: No, no, no, probably, and I would just get maybe

391
00:24:34,480 --> 00:24:36,639
Speaker 3: I would just lose a finger or something.

392
00:24:36,520 --> 00:24:42,280
Speaker 1: You know, potentially. But okay, quick question, big bug, which

393
00:24:42,280 --> 00:24:44,280
Speaker 1: one if you could choose, which one would you have

394
00:24:44,320 --> 00:24:44,840
Speaker 1: as a pet?

395
00:24:45,400 --> 00:24:51,720
Speaker 2: Okay, uh, probably a roly poly.

396
00:24:53,320 --> 00:24:56,040
Speaker 3: It would be like a giant insect armadillo, you know,

397
00:24:56,160 --> 00:24:58,919
Speaker 3: and like all those all this tiny little uh some

398
00:24:58,960 --> 00:25:02,119
Speaker 3: people call him pill. I guess I always knew him

399
00:25:02,119 --> 00:25:04,679
Speaker 3: as roly Polly's. Probably roly Polies. Those are always my

400
00:25:04,680 --> 00:25:07,280
Speaker 3: favorite bugs to play with, like in the yard.

401
00:25:07,720 --> 00:25:11,359
Speaker 1: You know what's fun about that is they are terrestrial isopods,

402
00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:15,720
Speaker 1: and there are actually marine isopods which are very closely related.

403
00:25:15,520 --> 00:25:18,920
Speaker 2: That do get right. Yeah, yeah, it could.

404
00:25:19,160 --> 00:25:22,840
Speaker 1: Technically have a giant roly poly as a pet if

405
00:25:22,840 --> 00:25:26,119
Speaker 1: you're willing to kind of go deep diving in the ocean.

406
00:25:27,119 --> 00:25:28,800
Speaker 2: That is that is very true.

407
00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:34,520
Speaker 3: Uh, and they are the giant isopods that I have

408
00:25:34,640 --> 00:25:40,160
Speaker 3: seen are like they don't look real. They don't look

409
00:25:40,200 --> 00:25:43,960
Speaker 3: real like I've seen. There is a restaurant in in

410
00:25:45,119 --> 00:25:52,600
Speaker 3: I believe Japan that does isopod ramen. Uh and get

411
00:25:52,680 --> 00:25:56,680
Speaker 3: giant isopod ramen if you if you google this, like

412
00:25:56,760 --> 00:25:57,560
Speaker 3: it's real.

413
00:25:57,920 --> 00:25:59,719
Speaker 1: It's real giant isopods that they use.

414
00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:00,240
Speaker 2: Yeah.

415
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:03,199
Speaker 1: Oh man, it's like that. It's like those scenes in

416
00:26:04,040 --> 00:26:07,320
Speaker 1: Emperor's New Groove where they're eating the giant isopods.

417
00:26:08,359 --> 00:26:11,600
Speaker 3: Okay, so I was I said Japan, But taype A

418
00:26:13,080 --> 00:26:17,200
Speaker 3: is the the the place that they have it. Uh

419
00:26:17,240 --> 00:26:23,920
Speaker 3: it is uh absolutely, Like yeah, it's like the size,

420
00:26:24,119 --> 00:26:26,320
Speaker 3: it's bigger than the bowl. Yeah, it's bigger than the

421
00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:34,159
Speaker 3: bowl that they serve it in. Well it's yeah, sorry

422
00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:36,679
Speaker 3: not to not to take it to like you.

423
00:26:38,640 --> 00:26:41,080
Speaker 1: I'm not I'm not like a vegetarian so I would

424
00:26:41,119 --> 00:26:46,119
Speaker 1: be a hypocrite if I were not to condone the eating.

425
00:26:46,200 --> 00:26:47,000
Speaker 2: I just don't think.

426
00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:50,199
Speaker 3: I don't think I could eat like I've never I've

427
00:26:50,240 --> 00:26:54,080
Speaker 3: had like chocolate covered ants before, and they just don't

428
00:26:54,359 --> 00:26:57,600
Speaker 3: they just don't taste like anything. Yeah, exactly, but but

429
00:26:57,760 --> 00:26:58,920
Speaker 3: I don't know that I could do that.

430
00:26:59,000 --> 00:27:02,280
Speaker 1: We're to socialized to not see insects as food. It's

431
00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:04,120
Speaker 1: you know, I think it's I think it's a problem.

432
00:27:04,480 --> 00:27:08,479
Speaker 1: I'm very pro bug eating. Anyways, the let's let's talk

433
00:27:08,480 --> 00:27:10,560
Speaker 1: about these giant bugs. How do they get so big?

434
00:27:11,440 --> 00:27:14,359
Speaker 1: One of the reasons was a high oxygen levels that

435
00:27:14,440 --> 00:27:18,560
Speaker 1: allowed large insects to breed through spiracles, which are tiny

436
00:27:18,560 --> 00:27:22,200
Speaker 1: air channels distributed throughout their bodies. That would help the

437
00:27:22,280 --> 00:27:26,640
Speaker 1: dispersal of oxygen. And so you really want a very

438
00:27:26,720 --> 00:27:30,000
Speaker 1: high concentration of oxygen in order for that to sustain

439
00:27:30,040 --> 00:27:34,880
Speaker 1: a large insect body. But another thing is that birds.

440
00:27:34,920 --> 00:27:39,000
Speaker 1: There weren't really birds dominating at this time, and so

441
00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:44,200
Speaker 1: as birds became more dominant, they became predators and competitors

442
00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:47,480
Speaker 1: with these insects, and they out competed them, and so

443
00:27:47,800 --> 00:27:52,240
Speaker 1: insects got real small, which sounds counterintuitive, right, like, well,

444
00:27:52,320 --> 00:27:55,040
Speaker 1: if you're if you're smaller, doesn't that make you more

445
00:27:55,680 --> 00:27:58,840
Speaker 1: easily grabbed? Not necessarily, right, Like, the smaller you are,

446
00:27:58,920 --> 00:28:01,840
Speaker 1: the faster, more nimble you are, the harder it is

447
00:28:01,920 --> 00:28:03,960
Speaker 1: to catch you, Like what would be easier to catch

448
00:28:04,040 --> 00:28:07,240
Speaker 1: like a pigeon or a hummingbird. Like a pigeon, it's

449
00:28:07,359 --> 00:28:08,359
Speaker 1: much easier to grab.

450
00:28:09,000 --> 00:28:12,879
Speaker 3: And all it ever matters is it's not about the

451
00:28:14,600 --> 00:28:17,480
Speaker 3: size of the species. Is just passing the genetics.

452
00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:19,760
Speaker 2: That's it. That's all that ever matters.

453
00:28:20,040 --> 00:28:23,600
Speaker 3: So whatever whatever traits you can evolve to help you

454
00:28:23,800 --> 00:28:27,119
Speaker 3: avoid predation is the thing that is going to be

455
00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:28,760
Speaker 3: propagated throughout the speci.

456
00:28:28,760 --> 00:28:30,960
Speaker 1: Like, if you live one hundred years and you're built

457
00:28:31,000 --> 00:28:34,520
Speaker 1: like a tank, but you have like one offspring in

458
00:28:34,560 --> 00:28:38,280
Speaker 1: your lifespan and you require a lot of food, you

459
00:28:38,360 --> 00:28:41,280
Speaker 1: may be less likely to survive than like a mayfly

460
00:28:41,400 --> 00:28:43,680
Speaker 1: that lives a day and has one hundred offspring.

461
00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:45,600
Speaker 2: Yep, exactly right.

462
00:28:45,760 --> 00:28:48,480
Speaker 1: Basically, what you want for giant bugs is high oxygen

463
00:28:48,600 --> 00:28:52,520
Speaker 1: levels and no birds, which is like a nightmare for

464
00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:56,240
Speaker 1: me because I love birds and I hate oxygen. I'm

465
00:28:56,280 --> 00:28:58,560
Speaker 1: neutral about oxygen. It's good, I like it. I like

466
00:28:58,600 --> 00:29:01,480
Speaker 1: to breathe it. So what would happen after a nuke

467
00:29:01,600 --> 00:29:04,920
Speaker 1: or a bunch of nukes. I'm not like a doomsday expert.

468
00:29:06,360 --> 00:29:08,400
Speaker 1: One of the things I do know, though, is the

469
00:29:08,840 --> 00:29:12,360
Speaker 1: nuclear winter is one of the most feared outcomes. That is,

470
00:29:12,720 --> 00:29:16,920
Speaker 1: when smoking debris from the bombs and resulting destruction of

471
00:29:16,960 --> 00:29:20,520
Speaker 1: like a bunch of buildings in Earth and everything would

472
00:29:20,960 --> 00:29:23,560
Speaker 1: kind of form these huge clouds kind of like after

473
00:29:23,640 --> 00:29:27,160
Speaker 1: a volcanic eruption, and would cover the Earth, blocking out

474
00:29:27,200 --> 00:29:31,320
Speaker 1: sunlight and causing a huge drop in temperature, and would

475
00:29:31,360 --> 00:29:34,640
Speaker 1: last for like years. Like there's different ap Like I've

476
00:29:34,680 --> 00:29:39,960
Speaker 1: seen estimations from like ten years to fifty years, ten years,

477
00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:42,360
Speaker 1: Like I don't know, let's just go with ten years, right,

478
00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:46,840
Speaker 1: to be as you know, optimistic as possible, because I

479
00:29:46,880 --> 00:29:50,520
Speaker 1: love aptimism. Sure, so right, it would this kind of

480
00:29:50,560 --> 00:29:55,120
Speaker 1: like this nuclear winter would potentially kill off a lot

481
00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:59,400
Speaker 1: of vegetation because plants need photosynthesis, and so if you're

482
00:29:59,400 --> 00:30:02,640
Speaker 1: blocking out the sun, you may kill off a large

483
00:30:02,680 --> 00:30:07,920
Speaker 1: portion of plants. This would lower oxygen levels and decrease resources,

484
00:30:08,320 --> 00:30:11,680
Speaker 1: and would be likely to kill off larger animals. So

485
00:30:11,840 --> 00:30:15,280
Speaker 1: really it would be the tiny insects or even microscopic

486
00:30:15,360 --> 00:30:19,280
Speaker 1: animals like tartar grades or non animals like bacteria that

487
00:30:19,400 --> 00:30:23,640
Speaker 1: would be most likely to survive in this circumstance. And

488
00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:28,120
Speaker 1: it seems like evolutionary pressures would actually drive animals and

489
00:30:28,280 --> 00:30:33,360
Speaker 1: organisms to be more small and require less nutrition rather

490
00:30:33,400 --> 00:30:34,160
Speaker 1: than being big.

491
00:30:34,320 --> 00:30:37,720
Speaker 3: And this is how this is also the nuclear version.

492
00:30:37,760 --> 00:30:41,160
Speaker 3: This is how you get Cormac McCarthy's the road, right, like.

493
00:30:41,160 --> 00:30:43,480
Speaker 2: The eaten babies.

494
00:30:44,240 --> 00:30:47,400
Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, like this is how you get that result

495
00:30:48,040 --> 00:30:50,640
Speaker 3: with a nuclear winter. And this is what this is

496
00:30:50,720 --> 00:30:54,760
Speaker 3: essentially what like did in most of the large dinosaurs

497
00:30:54,840 --> 00:30:55,600
Speaker 3: right right.

498
00:30:55,560 --> 00:30:59,360
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah exactly, there was a there was a meteor

499
00:30:59,440 --> 00:31:04,200
Speaker 1: strike and then all the debris and just a huge

500
00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:07,800
Speaker 1: dip in nutrition and rapid climate change that meant that

501
00:31:07,840 --> 00:31:11,840
Speaker 1: they could not get their nutritional needs met. However, uh

502
00:31:12,200 --> 00:31:16,479
Speaker 1: you know, the sort of ancestors to mammals survived. So

503
00:31:16,720 --> 00:31:20,160
Speaker 1: and also birds survived, and birds are dinosaurs. They are

504
00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:23,760
Speaker 1: just the dinosaurs that are left and they're hilarious and adorable.

505
00:31:24,320 --> 00:31:26,840
Speaker 1: Uh so, yeah, exactly, So a lot of things did

506
00:31:26,840 --> 00:31:29,520
Speaker 1: survive in that case. And so I do think that

507
00:31:29,760 --> 00:31:33,000
Speaker 1: following a nuclear winter, even though I cannot stress enough,

508
00:31:33,480 --> 00:31:35,720
Speaker 1: that would be really bad because like, the thing that

509
00:31:35,800 --> 00:31:38,080
Speaker 1: I care about is I don't want.

510
00:31:37,960 --> 00:31:39,240
Speaker 2: To trying to avoid that people.

511
00:31:39,480 --> 00:31:43,800
Speaker 1: I don't want millions of people, including myself, to suffer

512
00:31:43,840 --> 00:31:45,440
Speaker 1: and die. That's not good.

513
00:31:46,040 --> 00:31:47,440
Speaker 2: How I don't want to eat babies.

514
00:31:47,520 --> 00:31:47,800
Speaker 3: I don't.

515
00:31:48,840 --> 00:31:49,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean.

516
00:31:51,560 --> 00:31:54,160
Speaker 1: Like jelly babies, you know, the like British.

517
00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:57,200
Speaker 2: Wait wait what we'll hold on. I do not know

518
00:31:57,280 --> 00:31:58,040
Speaker 2: what a jelly.

519
00:31:58,120 --> 00:32:00,880
Speaker 1: It's like a sour pouch kid without the good flavor.

520
00:32:01,800 --> 00:32:04,320
Speaker 2: Okay, so it's not candy in the shape of a baby.

521
00:32:04,680 --> 00:32:06,760
Speaker 1: It is candy in the shape of a baby, a jelly.

522
00:32:06,800 --> 00:32:09,920
Speaker 2: Oh why would you make that as a candy? What

523
00:32:10,040 --> 00:32:12,640
Speaker 2: is that? Okay, all right, We're.

524
00:32:12,280 --> 00:32:15,840
Speaker 1: Gonna take this candy and put Look. Look it'll buye billy,

525
00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:19,520
Speaker 1: little bye billy. You can you eat that?

526
00:32:19,920 --> 00:32:26,000
Speaker 2: Will? All right? I don't want something inside of me.

527
00:32:26,840 --> 00:32:28,360
Speaker 2: I don't want to still awaken anything.

528
00:32:29,520 --> 00:32:32,920
Speaker 1: So, uh you know, I do think that there would

529
00:32:32,960 --> 00:32:36,720
Speaker 1: be a good amount of things, maybe even including people,

530
00:32:36,800 --> 00:32:40,640
Speaker 1: that could survive this. It would be awful, uh, no

531
00:32:40,800 --> 00:32:44,920
Speaker 1: mistake about it. But so what would happen after nuclear

532
00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:48,400
Speaker 1: winter dissipates? Right, Because say it takes ten years, A

533
00:32:48,480 --> 00:32:50,120
Speaker 1: lot of things die off, a lot of you know,

534
00:32:50,240 --> 00:32:54,400
Speaker 1: you'd probably awful. But after that ten years, what could

535
00:32:54,560 --> 00:32:57,800
Speaker 1: happen would be with the sun and with a lot

536
00:32:57,880 --> 00:33:02,600
Speaker 1: of megafauna maybe dying off, like being eaten or dying

537
00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:06,560
Speaker 1: of starvation, you may actually have a period of time

538
00:33:06,640 --> 00:33:10,239
Speaker 1: where a lot of plant growth could bounce back. Right,

539
00:33:10,760 --> 00:33:13,840
Speaker 1: I'm not no strodamis in terms of nuclear war, so

540
00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:17,880
Speaker 1: this might not happen, but like you could conceivably have

541
00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:21,920
Speaker 1: like it might take hundreds of not thousands of years,

542
00:33:23,480 --> 00:33:26,200
Speaker 1: or if not hundreds of thousands of years, you may

543
00:33:26,520 --> 00:33:30,240
Speaker 1: actually have a new carboniferous period where you have a

544
00:33:30,320 --> 00:33:32,760
Speaker 1: bunch of plant life and not a lot of large

545
00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:36,120
Speaker 1: animals to be eating the plants, and maybe even not

546
00:33:36,200 --> 00:33:38,640
Speaker 1: a lot of birds to be eating the insects. And

547
00:33:38,720 --> 00:33:42,040
Speaker 1: so I could imagine a situation in which you have

548
00:33:43,320 --> 00:33:48,000
Speaker 1: the planet does recover in a way. Maybe humans don't,

549
00:33:48,120 --> 00:33:50,840
Speaker 1: maybe large mammals don't. Maybe you have a huge die

550
00:33:50,920 --> 00:33:53,440
Speaker 1: off of a bunch of species. But then I would

551
00:33:53,520 --> 00:33:58,120
Speaker 1: expect insects and plants to eventually make a comeback. And

552
00:33:58,240 --> 00:34:00,640
Speaker 1: in that case, yeah, you could have giant bug. I

553
00:34:00,800 --> 00:34:02,760
Speaker 1: just don't know that we'd be around to see it.

554
00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:10,479
Speaker 3: Yeah it uh, it based on what you said about

555
00:34:10,480 --> 00:34:12,320
Speaker 3: the radiation levels and stuff.

556
00:34:12,400 --> 00:34:14,799
Speaker 2: I don't I don't know that we would we would

557
00:34:14,920 --> 00:34:16,799
Speaker 2: we would be able to hang with all.

558
00:34:16,719 --> 00:34:20,239
Speaker 3: The other the other creatures are around there and the

559
00:34:20,480 --> 00:34:22,880
Speaker 3: the the oxygen levels that you're talking about.

560
00:34:23,520 --> 00:34:24,120
Speaker 2: Yeah, I don't know.

561
00:34:24,239 --> 00:34:27,080
Speaker 1: I mean, it's it's possible, right, like I I it

562
00:34:27,239 --> 00:34:30,719
Speaker 1: is strictly speaking possible that a small amount of humans

563
00:34:30,840 --> 00:34:34,080
Speaker 1: could survive, and especially if you're in a region that's

564
00:34:34,200 --> 00:34:37,840
Speaker 1: like not you know, completely irradiated, right, Like if we

565
00:34:37,880 --> 00:34:40,319
Speaker 1: can survive around two hundred rads and there are if

566
00:34:40,320 --> 00:34:43,040
Speaker 1: there are areas where it like falls below that, right,

567
00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:47,200
Speaker 1: and I think it's possible for humanity to survive, Like,

568
00:34:47,280 --> 00:34:51,399
Speaker 1: would we survive thousands or hundreds of thousands of years

569
00:34:51,560 --> 00:34:54,439
Speaker 1: after that by the time that you have like maybe

570
00:34:54,520 --> 00:34:56,719
Speaker 1: a new carboniferous period. I don't know.

571
00:34:57,040 --> 00:34:59,960
Speaker 3: Maybe, well, I mean that's where the fallout shelters come in, right,

572
00:35:00,400 --> 00:35:03,320
Speaker 3: right exactly, So that's if we can survive underground and

573
00:35:03,400 --> 00:35:06,879
Speaker 3: these these uh these shelters, then then maybe we could stick.

574
00:35:06,880 --> 00:35:10,800
Speaker 1: It's a wonderful, not suspicious at all shelters where that

575
00:35:10,960 --> 00:35:15,840
Speaker 1: ever happens. Uh. All right, So we are going to

576
00:35:15,920 --> 00:35:18,040
Speaker 1: take a quick break, and then we're going to talk

577
00:35:18,120 --> 00:35:21,360
Speaker 1: about a critter from the show that I think is

578
00:35:21,520 --> 00:35:25,240
Speaker 1: kind of the most spectacular one, which is the golper,

579
00:35:25,440 --> 00:35:29,200
Speaker 1: which is basically a giant axe a lottle with a

580
00:35:29,239 --> 00:35:32,520
Speaker 1: bunch of fingers for teeth, And we'll talk about it

581
00:35:32,560 --> 00:35:36,440
Speaker 1: when we get back from the break. So yeah, one

582
00:35:36,480 --> 00:35:41,400
Speaker 1: of the I guess the most fun monstrosities in the

583
00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:46,160
Speaker 1: show is the called this golper. It's a giant axe

584
00:35:46,200 --> 00:35:50,200
Speaker 1: a lottle and it's got like hundreds of fingers lining

585
00:35:50,280 --> 00:35:52,839
Speaker 1: its mouth and throat that it uses, I guess kind

586
00:35:52,880 --> 00:35:53,920
Speaker 1: of as as teeth.

587
00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:56,200
Speaker 3: Yeah.

588
00:35:56,320 --> 00:35:59,520
Speaker 2: Absolutely, Like they did a great job.

589
00:36:00,000 --> 00:36:00,839
Speaker 1: Fantastic Yeah.

590
00:36:01,040 --> 00:36:05,560
Speaker 3: Uh, the like the when when when it opens its

591
00:36:05,640 --> 00:36:08,439
Speaker 3: mouth like like they did. They did a fantastic job

592
00:36:08,520 --> 00:36:12,440
Speaker 3: depicting that thing. Yes, it was horrifying looking.

593
00:36:12,840 --> 00:36:16,520
Speaker 2: Uh. And I love the axe a lottle like that that.

594
00:36:16,680 --> 00:36:19,600
Speaker 3: It's one of the cutest animals in existence and they

595
00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:21,680
Speaker 3: did such a good job making it a nightmare.

596
00:36:22,000 --> 00:36:25,560
Speaker 1: Yeah. Now I love acx lottls. They're adorable. They are

597
00:36:25,840 --> 00:36:30,920
Speaker 1: really interesting as well. And I uh, you know, when

598
00:36:30,960 --> 00:36:34,360
Speaker 1: I'm talking about my skepticism about whether this is accurate,

599
00:36:34,520 --> 00:36:37,799
Speaker 1: I want to emphasize I still really love the show.

600
00:36:37,920 --> 00:36:40,439
Speaker 1: I don't think this is a flaw of the show.

601
00:36:40,719 --> 00:36:44,320
Speaker 1: I think it's okay to get weird and creative with

602
00:36:44,440 --> 00:36:46,800
Speaker 1: things and have all out. Is not meant to be

603
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:51,080
Speaker 1: as scientific realistic. Yeah, it's not meant to be like

604
00:36:51,200 --> 00:36:55,160
Speaker 1: this is exactly what would happen. It's meant to be fun, entertaining,

605
00:36:55,800 --> 00:37:00,279
Speaker 1: and you know, have some interesting philosophical ideas, and I

606
00:37:00,320 --> 00:37:04,080
Speaker 1: guess so I am having fun and being entertained, So

607
00:37:04,160 --> 00:37:06,600
Speaker 1: it's doing its job. But let's talk about this giant

608
00:37:06,640 --> 00:37:10,000
Speaker 1: ax a Lottel so would like we've already talked about

609
00:37:10,080 --> 00:37:15,160
Speaker 1: how the evolutionary pressures following the immense destruction of a

610
00:37:15,320 --> 00:37:19,960
Speaker 1: nuclear apocalypse would probably not favor larger animals in the

611
00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:23,480
Speaker 1: short run, right like in the few hundred years following that, Like,

612
00:37:23,680 --> 00:37:29,480
Speaker 1: being big means having higher nutritional demands, unless your metabolism

613
00:37:29,680 --> 00:37:33,120
Speaker 1: is really really slow, in which case you would not

614
00:37:33,280 --> 00:37:36,360
Speaker 1: be moving around as fast as this thing is depicted

615
00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:39,400
Speaker 1: as moving in the show. So like, you could potentially

616
00:37:39,440 --> 00:37:42,680
Speaker 1: be a large animal but have a really slow metabolism

617
00:37:42,800 --> 00:37:47,240
Speaker 1: so you don't require a lot of food very quickly,

618
00:37:47,960 --> 00:37:51,320
Speaker 1: and that might be a good survival technique. Like the

619
00:37:51,400 --> 00:37:54,840
Speaker 1: Greenland shark is this huge shark, but it's so slow

620
00:37:55,480 --> 00:38:00,839
Speaker 1: and it has a really slow metabolism and it actual yea,

621
00:38:01,120 --> 00:38:04,719
Speaker 1: maybe it could survive, but the at this like very

622
00:38:04,840 --> 00:38:07,920
Speaker 1: like vicious fast predator of the ax Lottle.

623
00:38:08,120 --> 00:38:08,480
Speaker 2: I don't know.

624
00:38:08,560 --> 00:38:12,040
Speaker 1: I'm skeptical. The fingers in the mouth, let's talk about

625
00:38:12,080 --> 00:38:16,799
Speaker 1: those human fingers in on the axe Lottle's mouth. Maybe

626
00:38:16,880 --> 00:38:20,520
Speaker 1: not exactly scientifically accurate, but I love this so much

627
00:38:20,760 --> 00:38:26,200
Speaker 1: because it actually reminds me of of penguin mouths. Have

628
00:38:26,320 --> 00:38:28,960
Speaker 1: you ever looked straight down the mouth of a penguin?

629
00:38:29,880 --> 00:38:32,560
Speaker 3: Do they have like all the turned in like kind

630
00:38:32,560 --> 00:38:36,879
Speaker 3: of spikes, those spiky mouths. Yeah, I saw, I saw

631
00:38:36,960 --> 00:38:39,360
Speaker 3: the I saw an image of the inside of a

632
00:38:39,480 --> 00:38:46,000
Speaker 3: leather back turtles yes as well. Yeah, they are absolute nightmares.

633
00:38:46,239 --> 00:38:49,400
Speaker 1: It's like these leatherback turtle you know, see turtles, leather

634
00:38:49,480 --> 00:38:52,919
Speaker 1: back turtles, penguins adorable, you know, you want to They're

635
00:38:53,040 --> 00:38:55,200
Speaker 1: like the stars of a Pixar movie. And then you

636
00:38:55,280 --> 00:38:57,440
Speaker 1: look in their mouths and you're looking into a circle

637
00:38:57,480 --> 00:39:01,759
Speaker 1: of hell. Yes, it's it's actually quite devious because these

638
00:39:01,840 --> 00:39:04,680
Speaker 1: mouths are designed to allow fish to enter in one way,

639
00:39:05,160 --> 00:39:07,520
Speaker 1: but like road spikes not be able to get out

640
00:39:07,640 --> 00:39:09,040
Speaker 1: the other way. You know, like you go into a

641
00:39:09,160 --> 00:39:11,319
Speaker 1: parking lot and they have like the spikes that don't

642
00:39:11,360 --> 00:39:12,239
Speaker 1: allow you to back up.

643
00:39:12,400 --> 00:39:14,480
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's the it's the Hotel California.

644
00:39:14,680 --> 00:39:15,600
Speaker 1: Yeah exactly.

645
00:39:15,640 --> 00:39:17,040
Speaker 2: You can check in, but you can.

646
00:39:17,000 --> 00:39:21,760
Speaker 1: Never leave exactly. And it smells like fish.

647
00:39:22,719 --> 00:39:24,640
Speaker 2: Yes, so yeah, no exactly.

648
00:39:24,719 --> 00:39:28,200
Speaker 1: So I actually really appreciate because I feel like these fingers,

649
00:39:28,600 --> 00:39:32,279
Speaker 1: the way that the show portrayed them is that they're

650
00:39:32,400 --> 00:39:35,520
Speaker 1: like keeping stuff from coming back out, so it like

651
00:39:35,680 --> 00:39:39,600
Speaker 1: takes a lot of force to actually pull anything back out. Also,

652
00:39:40,320 --> 00:39:44,960
Speaker 1: using a an ax lodel as this like mutant is

653
00:39:45,120 --> 00:39:49,080
Speaker 1: I think a smart choice. Again, I'm not saying that

654
00:39:49,160 --> 00:39:53,080
Speaker 1: I think that evolution would favor really huge animals in

655
00:39:53,200 --> 00:39:59,359
Speaker 1: this period of time, But salamanders can get really big.

656
00:39:59,480 --> 00:40:03,719
Speaker 1: There is a species of salamanders, the South China giant salamander,

657
00:40:04,000 --> 00:40:08,600
Speaker 1: who can grow to be nearly six feet long. It's like,

658
00:40:09,239 --> 00:40:11,959
Speaker 1: when I learned about this, I thought it was fake.

659
00:40:12,000 --> 00:40:13,880
Speaker 1: I was like, this is no, this is a photoshop,

660
00:40:13,960 --> 00:40:16,520
Speaker 1: This isn't real. If there was a giant salamander, I

661
00:40:16,560 --> 00:40:17,640
Speaker 1: would have already heard about this.

662
00:40:17,800 --> 00:40:18,600
Speaker 2: This is like, yeah, I.

663
00:40:18,600 --> 00:40:22,800
Speaker 1: Don't know, like when I was a teenager or in

664
00:40:23,040 --> 00:40:25,160
Speaker 1: college or something, I was like young enough to have

665
00:40:25,280 --> 00:40:27,960
Speaker 1: never seen this, but also old enough to be like

666
00:40:28,200 --> 00:40:31,640
Speaker 1: I would know about this if it existed, right, Like.

667
00:40:31,719 --> 00:40:33,560
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's like fantastical creature.

668
00:40:33,680 --> 00:40:35,719
Speaker 1: Why wouldn't anyone have told me? But yeah, it's this.

669
00:40:36,080 --> 00:40:41,000
Speaker 1: It's a huge salamander and they exist and they're amazing looking,

670
00:40:42,400 --> 00:40:46,239
Speaker 1: and so yeah, it's like I think technically an axe

671
00:40:46,320 --> 00:40:50,200
Speaker 1: lottel could get to be huge like this. And also

672
00:40:50,320 --> 00:40:55,520
Speaker 1: axe lottels are an interesting pick for this for the

673
00:40:56,320 --> 00:41:00,600
Speaker 1: reason that they can regenerate their limbs, so so they

674
00:41:01,560 --> 00:41:05,439
Speaker 1: and axi lottels, by the way, are basically the same

675
00:41:05,520 --> 00:41:10,040
Speaker 1: as salamanders, except that axi lottels are neotonous, meaning that

676
00:41:10,719 --> 00:41:15,920
Speaker 1: they retain the juvenile traits of a salamander. A salamander

677
00:41:16,000 --> 00:41:18,959
Speaker 1: goes through a metamorphosis and it has a juvenile form,

678
00:41:19,480 --> 00:41:22,640
Speaker 1: and then it metamorphosizes into an adult form, and that

679
00:41:22,840 --> 00:41:26,560
Speaker 1: adult form can either be aquatic, semi aquatic, or semi terrestrial.

680
00:41:27,760 --> 00:41:34,600
Speaker 1: The axi lottel is permanently retaining those juvenile traits throughout

681
00:41:34,600 --> 00:41:37,360
Speaker 1: its whole life. You can actually inject an axi lottle

682
00:41:37,440 --> 00:41:42,480
Speaker 1: with iodide, and it will force it to transform into

683
00:41:42,960 --> 00:41:47,960
Speaker 1: basically a salamander, but naturally they do not change. And

684
00:41:47,960 --> 00:41:50,400
Speaker 1: it's actually they're kind of like the dog, like a

685
00:41:50,600 --> 00:41:53,840
Speaker 1: dog is to a wolf, as an axi lottel is

686
00:41:53,920 --> 00:41:58,640
Speaker 1: to a salamander. Although axi lottels were not domesticated in

687
00:41:58,680 --> 00:42:01,160
Speaker 1: the same way that dogs were, dog retain a lot

688
00:42:01,200 --> 00:42:03,520
Speaker 1: of like puppy like traits that wolves have, like the

689
00:42:03,600 --> 00:42:07,359
Speaker 1: floppy ears, the friendliness, the playfulness, the barking. Those are

690
00:42:07,440 --> 00:42:11,279
Speaker 1: all traits that wolf puppies have, but wolf adults do not.

691
00:42:11,480 --> 00:42:15,400
Speaker 1: So dogs are kind of like neotonous versions of wolves, uh,

692
00:42:15,840 --> 00:42:18,560
Speaker 1: and they retain that throughout their whole lives. And in

693
00:42:18,640 --> 00:42:23,040
Speaker 1: the same way, axe lottels are the juvenile form of salamanders,

694
00:42:23,160 --> 00:42:26,000
Speaker 1: but in that species, in axe lottles, they retain that

695
00:42:26,200 --> 00:42:27,440
Speaker 1: those characteristic.

696
00:42:27,080 --> 00:42:32,160
Speaker 3: I love salamanders absolutely, they're like they're like gummy lizards.

697
00:42:32,320 --> 00:42:33,040
Speaker 2: I love them, you know.

698
00:42:33,239 --> 00:42:37,360
Speaker 3: It's they're they're like they look almost like translucent. Sometimes

699
00:42:37,560 --> 00:42:40,560
Speaker 3: like they they look like like there should be instead

700
00:42:40,560 --> 00:42:43,919
Speaker 3: of gummy worms and gummy bears, there should be gummy salamanders,

701
00:42:44,360 --> 00:42:45,080
Speaker 3: like as a candy.

702
00:42:45,560 --> 00:42:50,080
Speaker 1: Yeah, but then I feel bad eating them, I guess.

703
00:42:50,600 --> 00:42:56,719
Speaker 3: Yeah, i'd feel worse about the salamanders than the jelly babies. Yeah, probably,

704
00:42:56,920 --> 00:43:00,839
Speaker 3: but that I absolutely love, uh love saladmanders. They come

705
00:43:00,920 --> 00:43:04,520
Speaker 3: in all sorts of really rad looking colors, tool designs.

706
00:43:04,600 --> 00:43:09,279
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, yeah, really it is important. Some salamanders will

707
00:43:09,320 --> 00:43:12,920
Speaker 1: have like a skin toxin, so don't cuddle random salamanders.

708
00:43:12,960 --> 00:43:15,279
Speaker 1: They can also lick one. Yeah, don't lick one. Don't

709
00:43:15,320 --> 00:43:18,800
Speaker 1: cuddle them. Also, even if they are harmless, sometimes like

710
00:43:19,200 --> 00:43:21,520
Speaker 1: handling them can be harmful for them.

711
00:43:22,480 --> 00:43:25,200
Speaker 2: But they absorb stuff through their skin a lot of

712
00:43:25,480 --> 00:43:27,720
Speaker 2: their environment, so if you have like chemicals or stuff

713
00:43:27,760 --> 00:43:28,879
Speaker 2: on your hand that you can.

714
00:43:29,000 --> 00:43:33,440
Speaker 1: You can exactly exactly. But I also love them. And

715
00:43:33,680 --> 00:43:35,279
Speaker 1: if you like see one and you want to just

716
00:43:35,360 --> 00:43:36,839
Speaker 1: like hang out with it and be like, hey, bud,

717
00:43:36,880 --> 00:43:40,160
Speaker 1: how's it going? Nothing wrong with that making friends with

718
00:43:40,239 --> 00:43:45,680
Speaker 1: the salamander. So yeah, I do really love I love

719
00:43:45,760 --> 00:43:50,040
Speaker 1: this creature. I don't think it would happen right, like

720
00:43:50,080 --> 00:43:51,839
Speaker 1: I've said, with a lot of this stuff, but man,

721
00:43:51,960 --> 00:43:55,040
Speaker 1: i'd love the use of the ax lottel in this design,

722
00:43:55,200 --> 00:43:57,560
Speaker 1: and I do I agree. I think it's like it's

723
00:43:57,640 --> 00:44:02,800
Speaker 1: something that it's like, yeah, the human fingers, and I

724
00:44:03,000 --> 00:44:05,040
Speaker 1: know I'm not gonna do spoilers, but I know there's

725
00:44:05,080 --> 00:44:08,239
Speaker 1: like an explanation for it kind of that's implied at

726
00:44:08,320 --> 00:44:11,000
Speaker 1: some point in the show, but again not very likely,

727
00:44:11,200 --> 00:44:13,680
Speaker 1: but still really cool. And I love that they kind

728
00:44:13,719 --> 00:44:16,239
Speaker 1: of are like the design of the denticles that you

729
00:44:16,400 --> 00:44:22,480
Speaker 1: see in penguins in sea turtles and yeah turtles.

730
00:44:22,560 --> 00:44:26,000
Speaker 2: Yeah it uh Like at the I think you just

731
00:44:26,120 --> 00:44:26,440
Speaker 2: nailed it.

732
00:44:26,600 --> 00:44:29,400
Speaker 3: Like at the end of like any and all discussion

733
00:44:29,440 --> 00:44:32,720
Speaker 3: you can have about like these animals or any design

734
00:44:32,880 --> 00:44:36,160
Speaker 3: from the show, is it cool, Yes, then then that's

735
00:44:36,200 --> 00:44:38,400
Speaker 3: all that matters. Like that that like I get you

736
00:44:38,480 --> 00:44:40,880
Speaker 3: want to find like follow some kind of logic, is

737
00:44:41,000 --> 00:44:43,560
Speaker 3: like here's the here's the rules to the universe. This

738
00:44:43,680 --> 00:44:46,440
Speaker 3: is what's causing all of these cool designs. But at

739
00:44:46,480 --> 00:44:49,800
Speaker 3: the end of it, like take a cool looking animal

740
00:44:50,040 --> 00:44:53,960
Speaker 3: like the axe Lottel and then just make it menacing

741
00:44:54,080 --> 00:44:57,720
Speaker 3: and even cooler and add some Cronenberg style body horror

742
00:44:57,840 --> 00:45:01,800
Speaker 3: to it and and make it giant, and it's like

743
00:45:01,880 --> 00:45:02,560
Speaker 3: that is awesome.

744
00:45:02,680 --> 00:45:04,640
Speaker 2: That is a really really rad animal.

745
00:45:04,920 --> 00:45:07,720
Speaker 1: And I like and I think like it's like because

746
00:45:07,760 --> 00:45:15,080
Speaker 1: they do combine some even if it's not scientifically feasible

747
00:45:15,400 --> 00:45:19,560
Speaker 1: or scientifically probable. I would say they do have like

748
00:45:19,760 --> 00:45:22,920
Speaker 1: smart design choices for these things, right, like the giant

749
00:45:23,000 --> 00:45:26,120
Speaker 1: the giant salamander design in terms of like, yeah, it

750
00:45:26,120 --> 00:45:27,960
Speaker 1: would make sense that its mouth is like that so

751
00:45:28,080 --> 00:45:28,839
Speaker 1: it can trap prey.

752
00:45:28,960 --> 00:45:29,520
Speaker 2: I love that.

753
00:45:29,760 --> 00:45:33,800
Speaker 1: I love the creativity of that. Another thing I really

754
00:45:33,920 --> 00:45:37,120
Speaker 1: love and appreciate about the Fallout series is the giant

755
00:45:37,200 --> 00:45:40,320
Speaker 1: mole rats. So I love a naked mole rat. I was.

756
00:45:40,760 --> 00:45:43,040
Speaker 1: I've been obsessed with them since the fifth grade, since

757
00:45:43,040 --> 00:45:44,480
Speaker 1: I got a book about them, and I'm just like,

758
00:45:44,560 --> 00:45:46,480
Speaker 1: this is the best animal. It looks like a monster,

759
00:45:46,640 --> 00:45:48,799
Speaker 1: but they're amazing and they're actually kind of cute if

760
00:45:48,840 --> 00:45:52,839
Speaker 1: you squint and change your mental perspective.

761
00:45:53,800 --> 00:45:56,080
Speaker 3: Well, I'm looking okay, I'm looking up images of the

762
00:45:56,160 --> 00:45:57,160
Speaker 3: giant morat from.

763
00:45:57,120 --> 00:45:57,879
Speaker 2: Fallout right now.

764
00:45:58,320 --> 00:46:02,440
Speaker 1: Yeah, they're not so cute and fallout, but in.

765
00:46:02,480 --> 00:46:05,279
Speaker 2: Real life, somebody's on the back of one with like

766
00:46:05,360 --> 00:46:07,359
Speaker 2: a gatling gun. That sounds bad.

767
00:46:07,520 --> 00:46:14,399
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's awesome. So I don't think i've seen any

768
00:46:14,520 --> 00:46:17,120
Speaker 1: yet in this series. I haven't finished yet though, so

769
00:46:17,160 --> 00:46:19,759
Speaker 1: I don't know, but they are in the games, and

770
00:46:20,000 --> 00:46:22,640
Speaker 1: they're these huge mole rats and I hate killing them

771
00:46:22,680 --> 00:46:24,440
Speaker 1: in the games because I just love them so much.

772
00:46:25,160 --> 00:46:29,719
Speaker 1: But I do actually think naked mole rats have a

773
00:46:30,200 --> 00:46:36,239
Speaker 1: chance at surviving a nuclear apocalypse as long as they

774
00:46:36,360 --> 00:46:38,600
Speaker 1: get enough food, right, as long as they get enough

775
00:46:38,680 --> 00:46:42,239
Speaker 1: tubers root vegetables for them to survive and feed on.

776
00:46:43,040 --> 00:46:47,719
Speaker 1: Because naked molerats are actually incredibly resistant to cancer and

777
00:46:48,080 --> 00:46:51,880
Speaker 1: to they seem to be somewhat more resistant to ionizing

778
00:46:52,040 --> 00:46:56,520
Speaker 1: radiation when compared to mice and other rodents. They can

779
00:46:56,640 --> 00:47:00,600
Speaker 1: live up to thirty years, and they live in tunnels,

780
00:47:01,280 --> 00:47:04,399
Speaker 1: so I feel like it's got a lot going for them.

781
00:47:05,239 --> 00:47:05,879
Speaker 2: Thirty years.

782
00:47:06,080 --> 00:47:10,480
Speaker 3: Yeah, that it trips me out every time. I don't

783
00:47:10,560 --> 00:47:15,120
Speaker 3: know why, but every time I learn that some creature

784
00:47:15,320 --> 00:47:19,120
Speaker 3: like that, some animal has a much longer lifespan than

785
00:47:19,200 --> 00:47:23,120
Speaker 3: I expected, it's it's always a trip trying to wrap

786
00:47:23,200 --> 00:47:25,120
Speaker 3: my head around the fact that, like I could see

787
00:47:25,160 --> 00:47:28,160
Speaker 3: a mole rat and it could be legal drinking age

788
00:47:28,880 --> 00:47:32,120
Speaker 3: and and and just I don't know, it doesn't seem

789
00:47:32,239 --> 00:47:35,160
Speaker 3: like animals of that size should should live that long.

790
00:47:35,239 --> 00:47:36,240
Speaker 2: But that's that's amazing.

791
00:47:36,360 --> 00:47:39,239
Speaker 1: Well, there are some spiders that can actually live quite long,

792
00:47:39,320 --> 00:47:43,840
Speaker 1: Like there's some I think there's like a tarantula that

793
00:47:44,000 --> 00:47:47,160
Speaker 1: can live to be around thirty years. So yeah, oh

794
00:47:47,640 --> 00:47:51,120
Speaker 1: it's crazy, right, Like you could have like you could

795
00:47:51,239 --> 00:47:54,440
Speaker 1: have a tarantla or a naked mole rat and they

796
00:47:54,520 --> 00:47:57,840
Speaker 1: could be there like in the uh in the Manger

797
00:47:57,960 --> 00:48:01,440
Speaker 1: with Jesus and then also be there you know at

798
00:48:01,480 --> 00:48:02,560
Speaker 1: the end of that story.

799
00:48:03,120 --> 00:48:07,759
Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, exactly. They could have witnessed both the Yeah,

800
00:48:07,800 --> 00:48:08,320
Speaker 2: why don't.

801
00:48:08,120 --> 00:48:11,279
Speaker 1: We have like any weird animals and mangers, right, like

802
00:48:11,440 --> 00:48:17,759
Speaker 1: a tarantula and naked mole rat bearing gifts, So you know,

803
00:48:18,000 --> 00:48:21,640
Speaker 1: I I really like so naked mole rats are very tough,

804
00:48:22,120 --> 00:48:26,800
Speaker 1: They're very resistant. I mean, obviously they're not gonna survive

805
00:48:26,920 --> 00:48:29,920
Speaker 1: in the heart of a nuclear blast, but if they

806
00:48:30,000 --> 00:48:33,000
Speaker 1: get enough vegetation, which is a big if, right, given

807
00:48:33,040 --> 00:48:37,080
Speaker 1: a if there's a nuclear winter, but I do think

808
00:48:37,120 --> 00:48:40,600
Speaker 1: they could be a survivor. Would they become huge and

809
00:48:40,760 --> 00:48:44,240
Speaker 1: start eating people? I hope, So I think they should

810
00:48:44,320 --> 00:48:46,359
Speaker 1: do that. I want these guys to have a win.

811
00:48:47,120 --> 00:48:51,239
Speaker 3: Yeah, like we've we're destroying their planet that they were

812
00:48:51,560 --> 00:48:53,880
Speaker 3: just doing fine on, so we deserve it.

813
00:48:54,160 --> 00:48:56,880
Speaker 1: I feel, well, you know, maybe not all of us,

814
00:48:57,080 --> 00:49:00,239
Speaker 1: but like if they could just if they some how

815
00:49:00,440 --> 00:49:04,600
Speaker 1: learned who the oil executives are sure, you know, like

816
00:49:04,680 --> 00:49:06,960
Speaker 1: if we could just be like, hey, buddy, you know

817
00:49:07,080 --> 00:49:09,439
Speaker 1: who tastes the best out of all of us, those

818
00:49:09,520 --> 00:49:12,960
Speaker 1: really well fed oil execs, the or.

819
00:49:13,000 --> 00:49:16,000
Speaker 2: The vault tech executives.

820
00:49:17,640 --> 00:49:21,239
Speaker 1: Yeah, so I did. I really do appreciate a lot

821
00:49:21,280 --> 00:49:24,520
Speaker 1: of the weird, uh, these weird creatures in the show

822
00:49:24,760 --> 00:49:28,480
Speaker 1: and in the in the series especially, So Yeah, my

823
00:49:28,600 --> 00:49:31,920
Speaker 1: favorite is the the axe Lottel gulper and the giant

824
00:49:32,040 --> 00:49:32,800
Speaker 1: naked morat.

825
00:49:34,480 --> 00:49:37,879
Speaker 3: The naked morat has like a like it like it's

826
00:49:37,960 --> 00:49:42,160
Speaker 3: the size, it's like a large rhinoceros, it looks like

827
00:49:42,239 --> 00:49:45,279
Speaker 3: in some of these images, So the the idea of

828
00:49:45,520 --> 00:49:50,920
Speaker 3: in their their front teeth look incredible, uh, scaled up

829
00:49:51,000 --> 00:49:53,480
Speaker 3: to this size, I mean at the size they are now,

830
00:49:53,719 --> 00:49:59,719
Speaker 3: they're a really fascinating creature. But uh, taking small animals,

831
00:49:59,760 --> 00:50:03,640
Speaker 3: it's it's like talking about that, uh the dragonfly earlier.

832
00:50:04,480 --> 00:50:08,160
Speaker 3: Being able to see like all the tiny features blown

833
00:50:08,280 --> 00:50:10,440
Speaker 3: up to a specific there's like an extra level of

834
00:50:10,560 --> 00:50:14,759
Speaker 3: horror to it. Uh, Like it's like the it's it's

835
00:50:14,840 --> 00:50:17,600
Speaker 3: the fascination of like, honey, I shrunk the kids and

836
00:50:17,760 --> 00:50:21,080
Speaker 3: you see when you see those yeah, when you see

837
00:50:21,120 --> 00:50:25,680
Speaker 3: those things scaled up, Yeah, it's like it is it's you.

838
00:50:25,960 --> 00:50:29,200
Speaker 3: It really puts into focus how much of the world

839
00:50:29,320 --> 00:50:33,800
Speaker 3: around you really is like alien. It's it's like you

840
00:50:34,120 --> 00:50:38,359
Speaker 3: you imagine the most like far out there creature you can,

841
00:50:38,640 --> 00:50:42,279
Speaker 3: like alien life form you could possibly imagine, and then

842
00:50:42,400 --> 00:50:44,960
Speaker 3: more than likely there is some animal on Earth. It

843
00:50:45,080 --> 00:50:47,680
Speaker 3: might be microscopic, it might be tiny, it might be

844
00:50:48,120 --> 00:50:50,320
Speaker 3: you know, a couple of inches long, but they it

845
00:50:50,480 --> 00:50:55,239
Speaker 3: exists somewhere within our our you know, uh food.

846
00:50:55,040 --> 00:50:58,960
Speaker 1: Chain, absolutely. And I mean, like I do think if

847
00:50:59,040 --> 00:51:03,359
Speaker 1: there were the appropriate conditions and evolutionary pressures and naked

848
00:51:03,440 --> 00:51:07,560
Speaker 1: morat could become huge, just as some like you know,

849
00:51:07,719 --> 00:51:13,480
Speaker 1: there are like the biggest animals in the world, the whales.

850
00:51:13,560 --> 00:51:16,640
Speaker 1: Then specifically, the blue whale did originate from a small

851
00:51:17,239 --> 00:51:22,480
Speaker 1: terrestrial like a tiny miniature deer like animal that was terrestrial,

852
00:51:22,560 --> 00:51:26,640
Speaker 1: and it eventually became you know this massive through you know,

853
00:51:27,160 --> 00:51:30,799
Speaker 1: hundreds and hundreds of hundreds of thousands, millions of years

854
00:51:30,840 --> 00:51:37,759
Speaker 1: of evolution, uh, through millions of years of evolution, Yeah,

855
00:51:37,800 --> 00:51:41,719
Speaker 1: became the blue whale. So yeah, I do think if

856
00:51:41,800 --> 00:51:45,360
Speaker 1: you have the right conditions, we could get giant naked.

857
00:51:45,160 --> 00:51:49,640
Speaker 2: Moratsh And yeah, the whales got it right. They they

858
00:51:49,719 --> 00:51:54,560
Speaker 2: came out of the water around and for like, screw this,

859
00:51:54,840 --> 00:51:55,520
Speaker 2: we're going back.

860
00:51:56,800 --> 00:51:59,759
Speaker 1: Us are going to be dolphins and just some.

861
00:52:00,200 --> 00:52:03,600
Speaker 3: Exactly and now we have and now you and I

862
00:52:03,800 --> 00:52:07,759
Speaker 3: have like mortgages and have to pay taxes and like

863
00:52:08,000 --> 00:52:11,359
Speaker 3: you know, uh we we they they got the better

864
00:52:11,480 --> 00:52:12,560
Speaker 3: end of that year for sure.

865
00:52:13,200 --> 00:52:16,600
Speaker 1: Yeah, maybe blue whales do have to pay taxes, but

866
00:52:18,200 --> 00:52:20,480
Speaker 1: we just can't understand like when they're when they're doing

867
00:52:20,560 --> 00:52:32,560
Speaker 1: they're like, who're talking? All right? So before we go,

868
00:52:32,719 --> 00:52:35,320
Speaker 1: we gotta play a little game called gets Who's Squawk?

869
00:52:35,400 --> 00:52:37,759
Speaker 1: And the Mystery Animal Sound Game. Every week I play

870
00:52:37,840 --> 00:52:40,720
Speaker 1: Mystery Animal sound and you the guest, and you the listener,

871
00:52:41,360 --> 00:52:44,600
Speaker 1: have to guess. Let's make that sound? Can be any animal,

872
00:52:45,000 --> 00:52:48,520
Speaker 1: any animal at all, all right, So let me the

873
00:52:48,680 --> 00:52:53,399
Speaker 1: hint is this. This animal makes this sound with its

874
00:52:53,480 --> 00:53:09,480
Speaker 1: body as it moves beneath your feet. You hear that

875
00:53:09,719 --> 00:53:10,680
Speaker 1: gurgling sound.

876
00:53:11,520 --> 00:53:17,480
Speaker 3: Yeah that's an animal. That's not okay, But like that

877
00:53:17,600 --> 00:53:20,800
Speaker 3: sounds more like plumbing than it does like an an animal,

878
00:53:21,040 --> 00:53:24,920
Speaker 3: like an organic animal noise. So you said beneath my feet.

879
00:53:30,920 --> 00:53:34,000
Speaker 3: I really I don't even I can't. I gotta guess something,

880
00:53:35,600 --> 00:53:37,880
Speaker 3: but I can't even wrap my head around what that

881
00:53:38,160 --> 00:53:44,560
Speaker 3: what that would possibly be? Uh, I'm going to guess.

882
00:53:46,880 --> 00:53:51,120
Speaker 2: Under my feet? Can I have a hint, Katie?

883
00:53:52,600 --> 00:53:57,640
Speaker 3: It does not have a spine, does not have a spine,

884
00:53:57,960 --> 00:54:01,520
Speaker 3: does not have a spine. It's going to be something

885
00:54:01,640 --> 00:54:05,560
Speaker 3: so obvious, and I'm I'm going to uh feel like

886
00:54:05,680 --> 00:54:06,080
Speaker 3: a fool.

887
00:54:06,480 --> 00:54:09,600
Speaker 1: It's not actually that obvious, so you don't worry.

888
00:54:09,360 --> 00:54:15,640
Speaker 3: About it, Okay, okay, beneath my feet doesn't I can't

889
00:54:15,680 --> 00:54:17,120
Speaker 3: think of anything that doesn't have a spine.

890
00:54:17,280 --> 00:54:18,640
Speaker 2: Is it an insect of some sort?

891
00:54:19,280 --> 00:54:26,640
Speaker 1: In not an insect? You're getting close? What am i? Ah? Uh?

892
00:54:30,760 --> 00:54:34,880
Speaker 3: I literally can't think of an ant like an animal

893
00:54:36,640 --> 00:54:42,800
Speaker 3: underground that doesn't have a spine. Like I'm just I

894
00:54:42,960 --> 00:54:47,160
Speaker 3: keep going back to thinking about, uh, like octopi and

895
00:54:47,640 --> 00:54:50,560
Speaker 3: or squid or something like that, and that's not underneath

896
00:54:50,600 --> 00:54:50,959
Speaker 3: my feet.

897
00:54:51,080 --> 00:54:53,960
Speaker 1: Kind of you're kind of getting sort of close, so

898
00:54:54,160 --> 00:54:59,400
Speaker 1: I'll just tell you it's a snail or like you

899
00:54:59,520 --> 00:55:06,719
Speaker 1: are so close. This is the giant Gippsland earthworm. Congratulations

900
00:55:06,800 --> 00:55:11,799
Speaker 1: to Marian d for guessing correctly it is what Yeah,

901
00:55:11,960 --> 00:55:16,800
Speaker 1: it's a giant earthworm. So the video is courtesy of

902
00:55:17,040 --> 00:55:23,160
Speaker 1: Giant earthworm dot org dot au. Taken by website Yes,

903
00:55:23,360 --> 00:55:29,160
Speaker 1: taken by the Gippsland earthworm researcher, doctor Beverly van Prague,

904
00:55:29,200 --> 00:55:31,640
Speaker 1: who has been studying these worms for over thirty years.

905
00:55:32,440 --> 00:55:37,360
Speaker 1: So these are huge earthworms found in Australia.

906
00:55:37,560 --> 00:55:39,200
Speaker 2: They've seen before.

907
00:55:39,480 --> 00:55:42,480
Speaker 1: They grow over three feet long, so that's over a

908
00:55:42,600 --> 00:55:46,040
Speaker 1: meter and about an inch in diameter. But their size

909
00:55:46,080 --> 00:55:48,799
Speaker 1: and width kind of change depending on like because they

910
00:55:48,840 --> 00:55:55,040
Speaker 1: can stretch and squash without coming to harm, so they

911
00:55:55,360 --> 00:55:57,520
Speaker 1: like their size can kind of vary, so they can

912
00:55:57,640 --> 00:56:01,840
Speaker 1: like get to nearly like ten feet long or three meters,

913
00:56:02,520 --> 00:56:05,959
Speaker 1: but like that's usually there that they're also thinner because

914
00:56:05,960 --> 00:56:10,160
Speaker 1: they're like stretched out. Sure, so they spin their entire

915
00:56:10,280 --> 00:56:13,640
Speaker 1: lives underground. They would only come to the surface if

916
00:56:13,880 --> 00:56:16,279
Speaker 1: we dig them up or they get flushed out and

917
00:56:16,320 --> 00:56:20,839
Speaker 1: flooded out by rain. But yeah, they they're really really cool.

918
00:56:21,560 --> 00:56:25,400
Speaker 1: Changes in their habitats due to farming threatens their survival

919
00:56:25,480 --> 00:56:28,160
Speaker 1: because they like really kind of loose, loamy soil and

920
00:56:28,239 --> 00:56:31,480
Speaker 1: then farming and sort of artificial stuff like changes the

921
00:56:32,239 --> 00:56:35,279
Speaker 1: texture of the soil. So you know, we got we gotta,

922
00:56:35,400 --> 00:56:38,759
Speaker 1: we gotta really consider, uh what we're doing, because these

923
00:56:38,840 --> 00:56:41,880
Speaker 1: are amazing, and what what kind of world do we

924
00:56:42,000 --> 00:56:45,600
Speaker 1: live in without giant earthworms that you could technically but

925
00:56:45,719 --> 00:56:47,359
Speaker 1: should not use as a jump rope.

926
00:56:49,280 --> 00:56:51,480
Speaker 3: Not not a world that I want to live in, exactly.

927
00:56:52,000 --> 00:56:54,239
Speaker 3: Can I keep one of these things as a pet?

928
00:56:54,719 --> 00:56:57,239
Speaker 1: I don't know that it would survive. They've I think

929
00:56:57,280 --> 00:57:02,120
Speaker 1: they've tried to have them in captivity without success, so

930
00:57:02,719 --> 00:57:04,920
Speaker 1: it would be really hard to keep alive. Can you

931
00:57:05,080 --> 00:57:09,480
Speaker 1: keep certain worms and insects as pets? Yes, there are

932
00:57:09,600 --> 00:57:13,920
Speaker 1: some that are better candidates for pets. There's like a

933
00:57:15,320 --> 00:57:19,120
Speaker 1: you're mentioning, like an I wanting an isopod. There's apparently

934
00:57:19,240 --> 00:57:24,560
Speaker 1: these like domestic well, like these selectively bred isopods whose

935
00:57:24,920 --> 00:57:28,760
Speaker 1: faces are meant to look like little duck faces. It's

936
00:57:28,920 --> 00:57:31,240
Speaker 1: very cute. What it's you know, it's super weird and

937
00:57:31,280 --> 00:57:31,960
Speaker 1: it's very cute.

938
00:57:32,480 --> 00:57:35,120
Speaker 2: So okay, so that sounds like a creature from Fallout?

939
00:57:35,160 --> 00:57:35,960
Speaker 2: What you just decide?

940
00:57:35,960 --> 00:57:38,840
Speaker 1: I know, right, it's it'll it makes sense if you

941
00:57:38,880 --> 00:57:40,919
Speaker 1: look at images. I think they're just called like duck

942
00:57:41,040 --> 00:57:46,440
Speaker 1: roly poids. I'm not sure. Duck isopods. Yeah, they're like

943
00:57:46,840 --> 00:57:52,840
Speaker 1: they're sort of front segment is yellow, and I guess

944
00:57:52,960 --> 00:57:54,720
Speaker 1: is meant to look sort of like a little duck

945
00:57:54,800 --> 00:57:58,520
Speaker 1: bill or a little duck what. Yeah, it's cute, it.

946
00:57:58,680 --> 00:58:01,360
Speaker 2: Does Yeah, yeah, I don't know.

947
00:58:01,720 --> 00:58:04,560
Speaker 3: And these things are selling for one hundred and a

948
00:58:04,720 --> 00:58:10,040
Speaker 3: blonde rubber ducky designer isopod ultra rare. This sounds like

949
00:58:10,080 --> 00:58:13,480
Speaker 3: I'm describing a Pokemon is one hundred and forty nine dollars.

950
00:58:13,720 --> 00:58:16,360
Speaker 1: Well, if that's your hobby.

951
00:58:17,680 --> 00:58:23,480
Speaker 2: Yeah, holy cow, I did not realize that there. I

952
00:58:23,520 --> 00:58:25,600
Speaker 2: guess there's a there's a world, in a market, and

953
00:58:25,640 --> 00:58:27,560
Speaker 2: a niche for absolutely everything.

954
00:58:27,760 --> 00:58:28,360
Speaker 1: There really is.

955
00:58:28,680 --> 00:58:31,640
Speaker 2: So okay, I'm going to go buy some isopods now.

956
00:58:31,960 --> 00:58:35,120
Speaker 1: I'm going to as long as they don't escape their

957
00:58:35,240 --> 00:58:38,520
Speaker 1: enclosure and then cause like some kind of ducky isopod

958
00:58:38,760 --> 00:58:40,280
Speaker 1: apocalypse as they take.

959
00:58:40,200 --> 00:58:44,760
Speaker 2: Over the world. Wow, this is wild.

960
00:58:44,840 --> 00:58:47,760
Speaker 3: There's all sorts of designer isopods with all sorts of

961
00:58:47,800 --> 00:58:49,560
Speaker 3: different colorings, and.

962
00:58:49,640 --> 00:58:52,600
Speaker 1: Where's there where's our designer worms at? That's what I

963
00:58:52,680 --> 00:58:53,040
Speaker 1: want to know.

964
00:58:53,840 --> 00:58:55,520
Speaker 2: Good question, great question.

965
00:58:56,200 --> 00:58:59,480
Speaker 1: So onto this week's mystery animals. Sound the hint is

966
00:58:59,600 --> 00:59:02,160
Speaker 1: this a picture is worth a thousand words, but this

967
00:59:02,320 --> 00:59:15,480
Speaker 1: critter paints a clear picture with its call. All right,

968
00:59:15,560 --> 00:59:16,520
Speaker 1: you got any guesses?

969
00:59:18,480 --> 00:59:24,040
Speaker 3: I'm gonna guess it's some kind of sounds like a

970
00:59:24,160 --> 00:59:29,560
Speaker 3: lemur or something, or some kind of like small primates.

971
00:59:30,560 --> 00:59:35,640
Speaker 2: Interesting, probably so far off. I know I am, I know,

972
00:59:35,760 --> 00:59:37,800
Speaker 2: I am. Well, I'm terrible at this game.

973
00:59:37,920 --> 00:59:40,680
Speaker 1: I am terrible. I am just lucky that I don't

974
00:59:40,760 --> 00:59:42,320
Speaker 1: have to be the one playing the game, because I

975
00:59:42,400 --> 00:59:45,360
Speaker 1: do not think I would be very good either. But

976
00:59:45,640 --> 00:59:48,480
Speaker 1: fortunately I don't have to play it because I'm the

977
00:59:48,560 --> 00:59:52,280
Speaker 1: one making it up. Uh. Anyways, if you think you

978
00:59:52,360 --> 00:59:54,000
Speaker 1: know who is making that sound, you can write to

979
00:59:54,080 --> 00:59:57,320
Speaker 1: me at Creature Feature Pod at gmail dot com and

980
00:59:57,440 --> 01:00:02,080
Speaker 1: I will reveal the results next week. Well, thank you

981
01:00:02,320 --> 01:00:03,400
Speaker 1: so much for joining me.

982
01:00:03,440 --> 01:00:06,760
Speaker 2: Where can the people find you my pleasure?

983
01:00:07,320 --> 01:00:08,760
Speaker 1: Not in a follout shelter?

984
01:00:09,520 --> 01:00:13,720
Speaker 3: Yes, I let's keep our fingers crossed. You can find

985
01:00:13,800 --> 01:00:19,320
Speaker 3: me at the Wapple House on Twitter. You can find

986
01:00:19,520 --> 01:00:25,400
Speaker 3: me hosting the George Center podcast each week, and yeah,

987
01:00:25,440 --> 01:00:26,200
Speaker 3: that's pretty much it.

988
01:00:26,400 --> 01:00:29,120
Speaker 2: Those are the only two places other than that. You

989
01:00:29,200 --> 01:00:36,680
Speaker 2: can catch me at work just being a boring dude

990
01:00:36,760 --> 01:00:39,720
Speaker 2: during the week. Buying. Don't do that though.

991
01:00:39,960 --> 01:00:46,840
Speaker 1: Buying up rubber Ducky isopods at work. Exactly getting into

992
01:00:46,880 --> 01:00:48,880
Speaker 1: bidding wars on rubber Ducky isopods.

993
01:00:49,720 --> 01:00:53,000
Speaker 2: I really am low key considering like building a terrarium.

994
01:00:53,120 --> 01:00:58,760
Speaker 1: Now I have that thought frequently, like do I need

995
01:00:58,800 --> 01:01:03,560
Speaker 1: a terrarium? Well, thank you guys so much for listening.

996
01:01:03,600 --> 01:01:05,480
Speaker 1: If you're enjoying the show and you leave a rating

997
01:01:05,880 --> 01:01:08,120
Speaker 1: and review, I read all of them, and all of

998
01:01:08,200 --> 01:01:13,200
Speaker 1: them help me tangibly help the show. And thanks to

999
01:01:13,280 --> 01:01:16,520
Speaker 1: the Space Classics for there's super awesome song. Ex Alumina.

1000
01:01:16,880 --> 01:01:20,600
Speaker 1: Creature Feature is a production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts

1001
01:01:20,840 --> 01:01:23,120
Speaker 1: like the one you just heard, visit the iHeartRadio app

1002
01:01:23,120 --> 01:01:25,600
Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or Hey guess what? Mayd you listen to

1003
01:01:25,640 --> 01:01:28,240
Speaker 1: your favorite shows. I'm not your mother, and I can't

1004
01:01:28,280 --> 01:01:30,600
Speaker 1: tell you what you to do. Say I live your

1005
01:01:30,640 --> 01:01:33,040
Speaker 1: own life. See you next Wednesday.