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Speaker 1: Hey, Daniel, what's your favorite thing about looking at the

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Speaker 1: night Scott? You know, I should probably say something inspirational

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Speaker 1: about physics, etcetera. But honestly, being a family man, my

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Speaker 1: favorite thing is that it means my kids are probably asleep.

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Speaker 1: That's what the night sky means to you, that they're

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Speaker 1: safely touch dead exactly? Or do you mean actually asleep?

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Speaker 1: It's time for the adult portion of the day. That

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Speaker 1: sounds that's sounds kind of racing, trust me, in my

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Speaker 1: evening is not that exciting. But do you mean like

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Speaker 1: they're in bed or they're just sleep or what makes

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Speaker 1: it calm? Well, they're in bed and they're quiet. That's

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Speaker 1: all I really care about. Honestly, whether they're asleep or

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Speaker 1: not is their business now. But seriously, let's say, like

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Speaker 1: you're leaving the night Skuy, what does it make you

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Speaker 1: think of as a physicist, as an explorer, as a

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Speaker 1: as a thinker. You know, it makes me think about vastness,

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Speaker 1: the hugeeness of space, of course, you know, but also

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Speaker 1: like the vastness of time. I mean, you can see

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Speaker 1: time in the sky, know what. I love that when

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Speaker 1: you look at the sky it's basically the same sky

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Speaker 1: the people have been looking at and wondering about. For

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Speaker 1: as long as people have been looking and wondering, you know,

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Speaker 1: it hasn't changed that much. I have a question for you,

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Speaker 1: what if it wasn't? What if our night sky changed?

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Speaker 1: We Well, that'd be amazing. But as long as my

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Speaker 1: kids stay in bed and stay quiet, I'd be cool

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Speaker 1: with it. Hi am or Hammet cartoonists and the creator

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Speaker 1: of PhD comics. Hi. I'm Daniel. I'm a particle physicist,

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Speaker 1: a parent, and someone who likes to look up at

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Speaker 1: the night sky and enjoy the quiet, vastness of space.

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Speaker 1: And something we also share in comming is that we're

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Speaker 1: are the co authors of the book We Have No Idea,

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Speaker 1: a guide to the Unknown Universe. So if you are

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Speaker 1: wondering about it, we don't know what physicists I have

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Speaker 1: no idea about in our great, big universe. Please check

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Speaker 1: out that book. It's a lot of fun and it

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Speaker 1: features a lot of Jorges hilarious cartoons, so check it out.

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Speaker 1: It's what neither a physicist nor a cartoonist knows about

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Speaker 1: the universe. It also features a lot of Daniel's hilarious physics,

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Speaker 1: so if you're into both hilarities, please check it up.

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Speaker 1: But today, welcome to our podcast Daniel and Jorge Explain

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Speaker 1: the Universe, a production of I Heart Radio. That's right,

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Speaker 1: our podcast in which we think about all the things

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Speaker 1: that are surrounding us, all the things up in the

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Speaker 1: sky and down here on Earth, and try to explain

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Speaker 1: them to you in a way that makes you laugh

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Speaker 1: and hopefully illuminates your understanding of the world around us. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and we also think about the big what if questions

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Speaker 1: in the universe, or if we can't use what if

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Speaker 1: because it's copyrighted by Random Monroe of XKCB, we also

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Speaker 1: tackle the what would happen is of the universe. We

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Speaker 1: consider ourselves sort of breeding ground for the next generation

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Speaker 1: of disaster movies by Michael Bay. You've done the Huge Shark,

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Speaker 1: You've done the Crazy Storm. What's next, the big Asteroid?

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Speaker 1: That's right, he's done that already, So we are just

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Speaker 1: generating ideas for the next summer blockbuster. I think it's

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Speaker 1: something a lot of people maybe wonder about out there.

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Speaker 1: You know, what could be the next huge thing that

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Speaker 1: could happen in this crazy, chaotic universe that might affect

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Speaker 1: my life? And you don't have to speculate. I know

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Speaker 1: the people out there wonder because they write to us

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Speaker 1: about it. We get emails people asking us. For example,

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Speaker 1: we did an episode recently about what would happen if

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Speaker 1: the Sun became a black hole? That's an honest question

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Speaker 1: that a bunch of people wrote in. People wonder about

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Speaker 1: these things. It's on people's minds. You know, things around

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Speaker 1: us seems stable, but what if something happened? And so

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Speaker 1: this might be another one in our series of what

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Speaker 1: would happen if and so to be on the podcast,

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Speaker 1: we are going to be answering the question what would

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Speaker 1: happen if the Earth lost its moon? Goodbye, mone, goodnight Moon.

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Speaker 1: That's right, although these days, you know you have to

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Speaker 1: say not to say good night to the moon. You

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Speaker 1: have to say good night to the moon. And it's

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Speaker 1: first colonizers by the Chinese. What do you mean there

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Speaker 1: are living things on the moon now because of us? Yes? Uh.

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Speaker 1: The Israeli's crash landed a probe on the moon, and

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Speaker 1: on that probe we're tarte grades, little water bears, and

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Speaker 1: so now we are just awaiting our lunar overlords, the

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Speaker 1: coming of the Tartar Grade civilization. Oh my god, what

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Speaker 1: a disaster, you know, I know, So be careful with

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Speaker 1: your science, folks, you may accidentally seed a new civilization

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Speaker 1: which destroys ours. Oh my good and Tarti grades are

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Speaker 1: super scary. Oh they're so cute. We're gonna do an

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Speaker 1: episode about Tartar grades in the next few weeks, so

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Speaker 1: tune in for that one. But to think about it,

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Speaker 1: as we talked about tonight, Remember the Moon is no

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Speaker 1: longer a lifeless rock. It is now home to about

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Speaker 1: a hundred little targegrades. Do you think they deserve their

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Speaker 1: own country? I think Donald Trump will probably try to

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Speaker 1: buy it. Yeah, Hey, if I can buy Greenland, why

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Speaker 1: can't I buy the Moon. They'll flash a signed they'll

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Speaker 1: make a formation on the surface of the Moon saying

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Speaker 1: we are not for We're not for sale exactly. But

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Speaker 1: it's an interesting question. You know, the moon is a

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Speaker 1: big fixture in our lives, in our skies, in mythology,

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Speaker 1: in romance. So what would happen sort to the human

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Speaker 1: psyche and to life on Earth if the Earth lost

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Speaker 1: its moons. It's a totally reasonable question. And you're saying

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Speaker 1: this was a listener question as well. Somebody some people

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Speaker 1: wrote this in yeah. Absolutely. People wrote this in and

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Speaker 1: and wanted to know, And as soon as I read it,

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Speaker 1: I thought that's a good question. I wonder how life

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Speaker 1: would change on the on the surface of the Earth

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Speaker 1: if we lost our moon. So I had to do

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Speaker 1: some research. It was a lot of fun actually, so

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Speaker 1: thank you folks for reading in this questions in aside, Daniel,

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Speaker 1: I think that's the title of our third book, what

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Speaker 1: would happen? What would happen? If? What would happen if

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Speaker 1: a physicist and a cartoonists got paid to make three books?

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Speaker 1: It would never happen. But I just wanted to get

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Speaker 1: a review of our book from one of the hard

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Speaker 1: grades on the moon. It's a life goal for me.

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Speaker 1: So that's what we will be talking about today, is

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Speaker 1: the question what would happen if the Earth lost its moon?

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Speaker 1: Like if it suddenly disappeared, Daniel, or if it, you know,

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Speaker 1: got knocked off and flew off or what do you

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Speaker 1: think they were thinking when they asked the question. I

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Speaker 1: don't know. I read a book recently by Neil Stevenson.

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Speaker 1: It's a great book. It's called Seven Eaves, in which

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Speaker 1: is the moon is demolished and all the rubble rains

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Speaker 1: down on Earth. That's pretty bad scenario. So it might

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Speaker 1: be that people are reading that book and wondering about it.

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Speaker 1: Um or you know, just if the moon was like

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Speaker 1: flung out in the space and got hit by an

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Speaker 1: aster and deflected. And there's lots of different scenarios, but

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Speaker 1: we'll dig into all of them. Wasn't that also a

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Speaker 1: plot point in Avengers in Finny War, like Thanos reaches

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Speaker 1: out and he grabs a moon and he brings it

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Speaker 1: down on the Avengers. I do watch these movies, but

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Speaker 1: they're like seventeen hours long, so I don't remember every

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Speaker 1: plot point. But that's a pretty interesting question. And I

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Speaker 1: imagine people think a lot of things would happen, or

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Speaker 1: maybe nothing would happen. Yeah. So, actually, before I didn't research,

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Speaker 1: before I even had an idea of my own, I

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Speaker 1: went out and I asked folks what they thought would

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Speaker 1: happen if the Earth lost its moon? And where were

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Speaker 1: you in the world when you ask these questions, or

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Speaker 1: even on the way you were as I was crash

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Speaker 1: landing on the Moon when I asked these questions. No, um,

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Speaker 1: here these questions were answered in some combination of Heathrow

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Speaker 1: Airport and random cities in Portugal. Cool. So think about

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Speaker 1: it for a second. What do you think would happen

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Speaker 1: if the Earth lost its moon? Here's what people had

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Speaker 1: to say. We wouldn't have moonlight. Well, I guess the

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Speaker 1: tides would be out of balance and we should have

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Speaker 1: floods coming. Yeah, because the whole stability of the whole

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Speaker 1: system will fail, and then the Earth will lose the

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Speaker 1: momentum and the oceans will I don't know what, but

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Speaker 1: it's not possible to life on Earth without the moon.

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Speaker 1: Life on Earth could theoretically survive. It is possible we

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Speaker 1: could survive without a moon. However, climates would be much

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Speaker 1: more unstable. I think it wouldn't be too bad for

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Speaker 1: life on Earth except for those title creatures. Does the

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Speaker 1: moon impact our seasonal change? No, I don't think so,

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Speaker 1: although at nighttime it does make the evening flowers blue.

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Speaker 1: All right, it seems like only bad things would happen.

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Speaker 1: That's what people guessed. But he said, like, great, I

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Speaker 1: hate the moon, Good riddance. Yeah, that's true. The moon

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Speaker 1: has a good good Um, it's pretty favorable. I guess.

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Speaker 1: I wonder if people ever do surveys like rate the

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Speaker 1: favorability or unfavorability of astronomical objects. What's the most popular

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Speaker 1: place to vote for this candidate or for the moon?

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Speaker 1: Who would you want to be as your president? But

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Speaker 1: what do you think is the most popular astronomical object?

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Speaker 1: But if you ask people like which object and this

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Speaker 1: guy would you delete if you had to delete one?

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Speaker 1: Because which is the least popular aspect of object? Least popular?

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Speaker 1: It's like those surveys online like what's your most popular

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Speaker 1: movie that you love or the most popular movie that

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Speaker 1: you hate? Yeah? Which all so writing folks, and let

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Speaker 1: us know which astronomical object do you love to hate? Pluto?

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Speaker 1: Probably poor Pluto? Um, but yeah, people people mostly said

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Speaker 1: negative things would happen, right, nobody would be happy if

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Speaker 1: the moon went away. And there's a big spectrum of

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Speaker 1: possible outcomes here, Like the person who said we wouldn't

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Speaker 1: have moonlight, like that's a disaster. You always like the

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Speaker 1: technical answers, the trivial technical answers, Right, Well, if we

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Speaker 1: didn't have a moon, we wouldn't have a moonlight. Technically true, yes,

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Speaker 1: but do you think he meant that more like romantically?

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Speaker 1: That like romance would be affected on Earth if there

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Speaker 1: was no moonlight. It probably would be. Yeah, they'd probably

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Speaker 1: be a different cycle of of conception and birth if

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Speaker 1: there wasn't a moonlight icon um. But yeah, that's a

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Speaker 1: great question. We'll be talking about what would happen physically, right,

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Speaker 1: not necessarily biologically or romantically, but kind of like, how

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Speaker 1: would the physics of our everyday life change if the

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Speaker 1: Moon suddenly disappeared? Well, Daniel, let's step through it first.

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Speaker 1: First of all, could it happen, Like, could our moon

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Speaker 1: just disappear or move away or float away? There are

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Speaker 1: lots of ways that we could lose our moon, right, um.

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Speaker 1: Number one, if something hits the Moon, you know, really

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Speaker 1: big asteroid or something. The Moon is an orbit around

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Speaker 1: the Earth, but that's a little bit delicate, right. It's stable,

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Speaker 1: but if it gets knocked out of orbit, it's pretty

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Speaker 1: tough to get back into orbit. So yeah, you could

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Speaker 1: get deflected. You mean, like an orbit is a very

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Speaker 1: delicate thing, right, Like it's something that you could easily

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Speaker 1: fly away or crashing into the planet if you disturb

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Speaker 1: the orbit. Yeah, exactly, of all the possible trajectories around

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Speaker 1: the planet, there's a very tiny fraction them that are

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Speaker 1: a stable orbit, right, And so you change your trajectory,

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Speaker 1: and you know, pretty sure soon you're sling shotting around

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Speaker 1: the planet and then off into space or something. But

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Speaker 1: you know, the Moon is hit all the time, that's

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Speaker 1: why it's covered in craters. Usually it's just hit by

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Speaker 1: a little rock and it doesn't change its motion significantly.

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Speaker 1: But there are bigger rocks out there, and if one

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Speaker 1: of them hit the Moon, then it could get deflected

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Speaker 1: into outer space. Sure, how big do you think it

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Speaker 1: would of a rock would it take to knock the

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Speaker 1: Moon out of orbit? I haven't done any calculations, but

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Speaker 1: you know, I think it has to be pretty substantial.

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Speaker 1: You know, you're talking something like, you know, hundreds of

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Speaker 1: meters wide are really a really pretty big solid rock.

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Speaker 1: And we're sort of I heard also we're kind of

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Speaker 1: losing the Moon anyways, Like the Moon doesn't want to

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Speaker 1: be around really, it's sort of edging slowly for another

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Speaker 1: planet in a way out of the party. They're like,

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Speaker 1: all right, you guys are kind of crazy. I am

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Speaker 1: gonna slowly move over to Mars because yeah, there's a

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Speaker 1: good party going on on Venus. So see you later.

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Speaker 1: Text you. Um, No, we're losing the Moon. It's not

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Speaker 1: actually in a totally stable orbit. It's getting further away

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Speaker 1: every year, but just by a tiny amount, just by

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Speaker 1: a few centimeters. I looked it up. It's about four

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Speaker 1: centimeters per year. And that's just the way it is.

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Speaker 1: It's it's like in an orbit that is not stable.

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Speaker 1: It's not in an orbit that self corrects or stays

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Speaker 1: in its lane the whole time. It's like in a

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Speaker 1: spiral outward away from the Earth. That's right. And you

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Speaker 1: have to remember that the Earth and the Moon are

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Speaker 1: a system, right. They're both orbiting the center of mass

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Speaker 1: of the Earth of the Moon. Like imagine if the

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Speaker 1: Moon and the Earth at the same mass, then their

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Speaker 1: center of mass would be between them, literally, and they

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Speaker 1: would both be moving around that point. But they're not

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Speaker 1: the same mass. The Earth is much much heavier than

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Speaker 1: the Moon, and so the center of mass of the

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Speaker 1: two is closer to the center of the Earth. So

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Speaker 1: but the two are really orbiting this point that's a

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Speaker 1: slightly offset from the center of the Earth. And they're

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Speaker 1: both spinning. So it's a big complicated system and energy

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Speaker 1: is moving from one part of it to another, and

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Speaker 1: so the Moon's rotation gets further out right. Um, But

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Speaker 1: that all so means it gets more angular momentum. So

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Speaker 1: the angle momentum has to come from somewhere. So as

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Speaker 1: the Moon get drifts away, the Earth actually slows down

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Speaker 1: a little bit. I mean the days get longer. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's complicated, it's complicated, and so this you know, this

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Speaker 1: whole system is not entirely stable, but it's a little

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Speaker 1: bit stable. It actually turns out it's more stable. You

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Speaker 1: get fewer fluctuations. We'll talk about it more in depth later,

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Speaker 1: but it plays a big role in keeping the Earth

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Speaker 1: in a sort of a stable rotation and and spin.

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Speaker 1: I have been feeling like that are my days are

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Speaker 1: are getting longer? You know, I just don't have the

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Speaker 1: same energy I had before when I was younger. I

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Speaker 1: don't know why you need more bananas. Most people feel

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Speaker 1: like as they get older, the days just fly by.

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Speaker 1: So that's one way the Moon could disappear. It could

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Speaker 1: literally get knocked off course and fly away, or it

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Speaker 1: is sort of slowly moving away. What are some other

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Speaker 1: ways of the moon we could lose the moon? Well,

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Speaker 1: the most catastrophic would be if it got hit by

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Speaker 1: a rock and it didn't get deflected into space, but

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Speaker 1: it got like broken up the Moon and is is

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Speaker 1: you know, not as like strong as the Earth is

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Speaker 1: size well held together. It's more of a pile of

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Speaker 1: rubble than the Earth is because it doesn't have like

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Speaker 1: inner magma and all that stuff, and so it could

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Speaker 1: get broken up. And that's exactly what happens in that

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Speaker 1: novel we were talking about earlier, seven Eves. Neil Stevenson

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Speaker 1: does like fantastic research for his novels. I've never found

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Speaker 1: a physics mistake in any of them, and I read

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Speaker 1: them very carefully. And in that people at first were like, wow, cool,

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Speaker 1: Look the Moon is exploding and there's all these shooting stars.

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Speaker 1: But then quickly they realized, oh, this is just a

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Speaker 1: bunch of rocks raining down on the Earth, and that's

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Speaker 1: not good. The Moon turned into shooting stars and all

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Speaker 1: that rained down on the Earth, it would heat of

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Speaker 1: the atmosphere and a lot of those pieces would land,

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Speaker 1: and you know, it's like getting hit by a by

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Speaker 1: a planet killer. Would it necessarily crash into Earth? Like

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Speaker 1: wouldn't like if the Moon cracked into two, wouldn't necessarily

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Speaker 1: crash down? Or would the two houses keep going around

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Speaker 1: the same orbit. It depends a lot on how the

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Speaker 1: cracking happens. If you like exactly cracking in place, then yeah,

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Speaker 1: they could keep orbiting just sort of cracked. But if

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Speaker 1: it's a big collision, then some of it's going to

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Speaker 1: get blown out into space, and some of it's gonna

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Speaker 1: turn into a ring around the Earth because some of

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Speaker 1: it will find a stable orbit, but a lot of

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Speaker 1: it will just fall into the gravity well of Earth

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Speaker 1: and land on Earth and kill a bunch of people.

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Speaker 1: So not a happy scenario. So don't shoot the moon.

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Speaker 1: Don't shoot the moon. That's right. Then shoot for the

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Speaker 1: moon or add the moon. Unless you're playing hard, you're

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Speaker 1: welcome to shoot the moon, but if you are in

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Speaker 1: possession of a moon busting rocket, please do not shoot

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Speaker 1: the moon. Alright, So it could maybe happen, And so

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Speaker 1: let's dig into what would happen if the Moon disappeared,

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Speaker 1: either by some physical process or just in our imaginations,

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Speaker 1: if somebody snapped their finger and their moon just disappeared.

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Speaker 1: What would happen to us here on Earth? But first

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Speaker 1: let's take a quick break, all right, Daniel, we're talking

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Speaker 1: about what would happened of the moon disappeared, and from

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Speaker 1: a physics point of view, what would happen to the

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Speaker 1: Earth if the Moon suddenly flew away or suddenly, um,

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Speaker 1: I don't know, collapse, if the masters of the simulation

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Speaker 1: just deleted it somehow. Yeah. Well, one of the most

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Speaker 1: immediate things the effects of the Moon on life on Earth,

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Speaker 1: of course, is it's gravity. Right. The Moon is a

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Speaker 1: big ball of stuff and it has gravity, and that

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Speaker 1: gravity pulls on the Earth, and it's a lot of

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Speaker 1: people probably know that Moon causes tides on the Earth

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Speaker 1: because it's pulling on the water that's on the Earth,

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Speaker 1: and it's literally lifting it up a little bit off

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Speaker 1: the surface, like sucking up the water up right. Yeah, exactly.

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Speaker 1: Remember how gravity works, It depends on the distance, right,

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Speaker 1: So the closer you are to the Moon, the stronger

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Speaker 1: the force of the Moon on you, and so on

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Speaker 1: the close side of the Earth, right, things are getting

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Speaker 1: pulled harder than on the far side of the Earth.

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Speaker 1: What happens is that every object ends up becoming sort

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Speaker 1: of not spherical, but look more like an ellipse al, right,

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Speaker 1: where the stuff that's on the closer side gets pulled up,

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Speaker 1: you know, to be closer, and the stuff that's on

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Speaker 1: the farther side isn't getting pulled as hard, and so

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Speaker 1: it stretches out sort of long ways that way, so

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Speaker 1: the Earth, instead of being a sphere, becomes a little obloid,

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Speaker 1: both closer to the Moon and away from the Moon.

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Speaker 1: That's where tides. That's where tides come from. Right, it's

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Speaker 1: not it's not the because the moon is going around

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Speaker 1: the Earth or both both things are. And the reason

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Speaker 1: the tides change is because the Moon is going around

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Speaker 1: the Earth and the tides follow it. Right, And uh,

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Speaker 1: you know the reason it's the water is just because

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Speaker 1: water is easier to move than rock. Right. It does

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Speaker 1: also slightly squeeze the Earth and change the shape of

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Speaker 1: the Earth, but that's a much smaller effect than just

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Speaker 1: changing the levels of the ocean, because obviously water is

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Speaker 1: much easier to squeeze than rock. I always wonder what

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Speaker 1: sort of actually happening when the tides go up and down,

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Speaker 1: you know, like it's it's the moon pulling on the

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Speaker 1: water and so the water becomes less dense or you

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Speaker 1: know what I mean, Like how does it go up?

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Speaker 1: It's more about where the water is on Earth. Right,

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Speaker 1: the you have you have the huge ocean, and all

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Speaker 1: the oceans are basically connected and sea level is not

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Speaker 1: a constant all the way around the Earth. Right, Sea

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Speaker 1: level is not the same distance from the center of

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Speaker 1: the Earth everywhere around the Earth. Because of the tides.

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Speaker 1: Some of the water is getting gathered together into a bigger,

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Speaker 1: deeper pile on some places, and it's getting slurped up

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Speaker 1: from other places. So you get less water in the

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Speaker 1: oceans on the sides and more water in the oceans

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Speaker 1: on the moon side and on the opposite side. It's

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Speaker 1: like it's recruiting water to where the Moon is. Yeah, exactly,

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Speaker 1: Like say you took all the water and you put

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Speaker 1: it in the Pacific Ocean, all the water from all

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Speaker 1: the other oceans, and put it in the Pacific Ocean.

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Speaker 1: Obviously that ocean would be deeper and the other ones

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Speaker 1: would be shallower. It's basically that on a much smaller scale.

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Speaker 1: So it's not a density thing, no, like there's less

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Speaker 1: gravity or more. Yeah, but the water it's kind of cool,

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Speaker 1: like the Moon is lifting the water, right, it's like

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Speaker 1: gathering the water together into a pile. Um. That's it's

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Speaker 1: a real size, you know. It sort of blows my mind.

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Speaker 1: The moon is big enough, given how far away it

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Speaker 1: is to actually like make piles of stuff on Earth

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Speaker 1: just due to its gravity. Yeah, that's true. I mean

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Speaker 1: it's a little circle in the sky and yet it's

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Speaker 1: pulling a bunch of water into space. Yeah, it's a

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Speaker 1: it's a big effect. And you know, people, um, some

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Speaker 1: biologists give tides a big role in the development of life. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because one theory goes that, you know, in the sort

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Speaker 1: of primordial soup rehabl these organic materials float around in oceans,

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Speaker 1: that the tidal regions are the best place for life

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Speaker 1: to start because the water is sort of mixing a lot, right,

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Speaker 1: you get the tides coming in and out, and you're

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Speaker 1: getting a lot of waves and splashing, and you get

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Speaker 1: like periods, Yeah, a lot of churn exactly. And so

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Speaker 1: I mean I think it's just speculation. I think people

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Speaker 1: think that tides play a role in the development of life.

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Speaker 1: You know, we can't go back and do the other

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Speaker 1: experiment like delete the moon, run the Earth simulation and

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Speaker 1: see if life takes long reach developed. But it's a

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Speaker 1: cool idea, right, I mean, like life wouldn't just develop

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Speaker 1: in a lake or a pond. Yeah, they sort of

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Speaker 1: you need that sort of like motion to get things going.

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Speaker 1: And also they noticed that these brackish ecosystems where you

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Speaker 1: mix fresh and salt water and those get mixed due

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Speaker 1: to tides, those that have the most diversity. And so

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Speaker 1: I think that's another argument that the origin of life

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Speaker 1: on Earth was affected by tides. All right, So if

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Speaker 1: we didn't have the Moon, we wouldn't have ties, not quite.

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Speaker 1: That's the fascinating thing is that you delete the Moon,

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Speaker 1: tides are not gone. They're just smaller. And the reason

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Speaker 1: is that we also have tides because of the Sun. What, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the Sun. It makes perfect sense, right. The Sun is

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Speaker 1: much further away but much much huger than the Moon,

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Speaker 1: and it also pulls on the Earth, obviously, and so

404
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Speaker 1: it pulls stuff closer to it more strongly and stuff

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Speaker 1: on the opposite side less strongly, and so it does

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Speaker 1: the same thing to the Earth's oceans that the Moon does,

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Speaker 1: but of course in a slightly different angle. Right, So

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Speaker 1: you have the tides on Earth are complicated because you've

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Speaker 1: got the little tides from the Sun and you've got

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Speaker 1: the big tides from the Moon. And you know, that's

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Speaker 1: why the tides sometimes are smaller than others. Wow, I

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Speaker 1: had no idea, and we thought about it before it's

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Speaker 1: I guess, you know, I guess the sun. It seems

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Speaker 1: so far away and so little in the sky, but

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Speaker 1: it's really swinging the earth around like a slingshot, and

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Speaker 1: so some of them must affect the water on the surface.

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Speaker 1: Absolutely does. So we would still have tides without the moon.

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Speaker 1: We just wouldn't have as strong a tide, and the

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00:21:30,640 --> 00:21:33,439
Speaker 1: tides will be more regular because we have this complicated

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Speaker 1: two body effects where you have two different things with

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Speaker 1: two different periods, sometimes adding up to each other, sometimes

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Speaker 1: contradicting each other. Right, so we have more complicated tides

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Speaker 1: and larger tides because we have the moon and the sun.

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Speaker 1: So we would have smaller tides or like half as

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Speaker 1: much or like a tent. What do you think. I

426
00:21:51,119 --> 00:21:52,920
Speaker 1: think it's about a quarter. Yeah, I think the moon

427
00:21:53,040 --> 00:21:55,280
Speaker 1: is the majority of the tides, but the sun is

428
00:21:55,280 --> 00:21:58,360
Speaker 1: a is a non negligible effect. So maybe we wouldn't

429
00:21:58,600 --> 00:22:00,359
Speaker 1: miss it in that way, or maybe life could have

430
00:22:00,400 --> 00:22:04,359
Speaker 1: still developed without the moon. Yeah, probably probably. And the

431
00:22:04,359 --> 00:22:07,040
Speaker 1: moon and the tides have a lot of effect on

432
00:22:07,160 --> 00:22:09,960
Speaker 1: the atmosphere as well, right, not just the water, but

433
00:22:10,040 --> 00:22:13,399
Speaker 1: it affects the tides and and the just the gravitational

434
00:22:13,440 --> 00:22:15,760
Speaker 1: pull of the Moon. It squeezes the atmosphere and affects

435
00:22:15,840 --> 00:22:19,640
Speaker 1: things like global currents and uh, and so you get

436
00:22:19,680 --> 00:22:22,639
Speaker 1: a lot more mixing just in general in the atmosphere

437
00:22:22,680 --> 00:22:25,560
Speaker 1: because you have the Moon. And so people speculate that

438
00:22:25,560 --> 00:22:27,040
Speaker 1: if you didn't have the Moon, not only would you

439
00:22:27,080 --> 00:22:29,960
Speaker 1: not have tides, you have different patterns of global currents

440
00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:32,679
Speaker 1: and you have stronger regional weather patterns because it wouldn't

441
00:22:32,720 --> 00:22:35,440
Speaker 1: be as much sort of global mixing and evening out

442
00:22:35,440 --> 00:22:37,719
Speaker 1: of stuff, all right, so it would affect the tides,

443
00:22:37,840 --> 00:22:40,679
Speaker 1: but maybe not completely. And what else would happen if

444
00:22:40,680 --> 00:22:44,400
Speaker 1: the moon disappeared, Well, obviously we wouldn't have eclipses, right,

445
00:22:44,520 --> 00:22:46,760
Speaker 1: Like you know, without the moon, you can't get the

446
00:22:46,800 --> 00:22:49,399
Speaker 1: Moon's shadow on the Earth either kind of eclipse, like

447
00:22:49,440 --> 00:22:54,080
Speaker 1: a lunar eclipse. That's true, you need the moon for both.

448
00:22:54,280 --> 00:22:56,359
Speaker 1: And you might scoff at that, but you know, eclipses

449
00:22:56,400 --> 00:22:59,439
Speaker 1: are they're they're kind of amazing events. I had the

450
00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:03,280
Speaker 1: opportunity to be in the full eclipse region for the

451
00:23:03,359 --> 00:23:07,200
Speaker 1: last one, and I was shocked at how how sort

452
00:23:07,200 --> 00:23:09,560
Speaker 1: of deeply spiritual event it was for me, somebody who's

453
00:23:09,600 --> 00:23:12,240
Speaker 1: not really very spiritual at all. And I think that

454
00:23:12,320 --> 00:23:15,600
Speaker 1: eclipses in history have also inspired a lot of thinkers

455
00:23:16,000 --> 00:23:19,760
Speaker 1: and and astronomers, early astronomers, and so I think, um,

456
00:23:20,040 --> 00:23:22,119
Speaker 1: without having eclipses, we would have a bit of a

457
00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:24,200
Speaker 1: different culture. Do you think it would have affected our

458
00:23:24,440 --> 00:23:27,520
Speaker 1: scientific development? You know, like with having the moon there,

459
00:23:28,320 --> 00:23:32,439
Speaker 1: God is thinking about planets and orbits and you know,

460
00:23:32,600 --> 00:23:36,400
Speaker 1: bodies and mass and motion, right, because didn't Newton sort

461
00:23:36,400 --> 00:23:40,480
Speaker 1: of used the moon in his thinking about gravity. Absolutely,

462
00:23:40,520 --> 00:23:44,080
Speaker 1: I think it's vital because there's this incredible step in

463
00:23:44,480 --> 00:23:48,959
Speaker 1: human history and physics that that Newton accomplished, connecting motion

464
00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:51,760
Speaker 1: of stuff on Earth to motion of stuff in the sky, right,

465
00:23:51,800 --> 00:23:54,280
Speaker 1: to say, maybe the same rules that apply here on

466
00:23:54,320 --> 00:23:57,160
Speaker 1: Earth also apply to stuff in the sky. And that's

467
00:23:57,200 --> 00:23:59,639
Speaker 1: a much easier leap to make if you can see

468
00:23:59,680 --> 00:24:02,880
Speaker 1: stuff in the sky that seems concrete, right, The stars

469
00:24:02,920 --> 00:24:04,959
Speaker 1: and all that stuff, they're just tiny dots. You have

470
00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:07,639
Speaker 1: no idea that they're really things, or they're just lights

471
00:24:07,680 --> 00:24:10,439
Speaker 1: up in some some ceiling. But the moon looks like

472
00:24:10,480 --> 00:24:13,840
Speaker 1: a thing, right, it looks like a big rock. It's immediate,

473
00:24:13,920 --> 00:24:16,280
Speaker 1: it's there, And so I think it's very helpful for

474
00:24:16,400 --> 00:24:19,280
Speaker 1: early thinkers to understand that the stuff out there in

475
00:24:19,320 --> 00:24:21,880
Speaker 1: the sky was just more like the stuff here on earth.

476
00:24:22,160 --> 00:24:24,560
Speaker 1: Maybe God's thinking that maybe this guy is not just

477
00:24:24,640 --> 00:24:27,480
Speaker 1: a big canvas with pinpoints on them, right, Like, maybe

478
00:24:27,480 --> 00:24:30,760
Speaker 1: there are there are things out there and we and

479
00:24:30,840 --> 00:24:33,000
Speaker 1: we can understand them, right, they follow the rules that

480
00:24:33,040 --> 00:24:35,600
Speaker 1: we can figure out. That's an incredible moment in the

481
00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:38,640
Speaker 1: history of like human intellectual thought, right, that we could

482
00:24:38,720 --> 00:24:43,479
Speaker 1: understand the cosmos all right, So no eclipses smaller tides.

483
00:24:43,560 --> 00:24:47,040
Speaker 1: What else would happen if we said good night, Yeah,

484
00:24:47,119 --> 00:24:50,159
Speaker 1: well we would have darker nights. Right. The moon is

485
00:24:50,160 --> 00:24:52,320
Speaker 1: basically a big mirror for the sun, and so when

486
00:24:52,320 --> 00:24:53,800
Speaker 1: the sun is on the other side of the planet,

487
00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:56,159
Speaker 1: the moon provides a little bit of reflection of the

488
00:24:56,160 --> 00:24:59,080
Speaker 1: Sun's light. And so you know, we've all been out

489
00:24:59,400 --> 00:25:01,920
Speaker 1: on a on the night when you have a full

490
00:25:01,960 --> 00:25:04,560
Speaker 1: moon and it's much easier to see. And there's a

491
00:25:04,600 --> 00:25:06,959
Speaker 1: lot of animals that rely on the moon. But it

492
00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:09,800
Speaker 1: affects some animals in a good way and some in

493
00:25:09,880 --> 00:25:13,680
Speaker 1: a bad way. Right. Yeah. For example, some animals like owls, right,

494
00:25:13,680 --> 00:25:16,000
Speaker 1: they hunt at night, right, and they use the moonlight.

495
00:25:16,040 --> 00:25:18,480
Speaker 1: They have very powerful eyes. But they need some light,

496
00:25:18,960 --> 00:25:21,640
Speaker 1: and so owls have to hunt by only starlight, then

497
00:25:21,680 --> 00:25:23,600
Speaker 1: you know they're not going to find as many rats.

498
00:25:24,200 --> 00:25:27,280
Speaker 1: And so conversely, getting rid of the moon would be

499
00:25:27,320 --> 00:25:32,600
Speaker 1: good for rats because they've mostly come out at night

500
00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:35,640
Speaker 1: to find their food and their main predator is owls,

501
00:25:36,119 --> 00:25:38,399
Speaker 1: and so if it's darker than it's easier to scurry

502
00:25:38,440 --> 00:25:40,320
Speaker 1: along and you know, find that pizza on the on

503
00:25:40,320 --> 00:25:42,080
Speaker 1: the New York subway or whatever. So if you are

504
00:25:42,080 --> 00:25:44,520
Speaker 1: a pro rat, this would be a good thing. If

505
00:25:44,560 --> 00:25:47,120
Speaker 1: your pro owls. You make that sound like pro rat

506
00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:51,639
Speaker 1: is impossible, I am pro rat, because no I am.

507
00:25:53,680 --> 00:25:55,760
Speaker 1: You may not be aware, but we actually have rats

508
00:25:55,760 --> 00:25:57,879
Speaker 1: as pets at home. Yeah, yeah, I think I remember.

509
00:25:58,280 --> 00:26:01,840
Speaker 1: So rats are very sweet, very purpose We got them

510
00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:07,480
Speaker 1: on purpose. Yes, um, they're very sweet, very intelligent, very loving,

511
00:26:07,640 --> 00:26:10,399
Speaker 1: very smart little creatures. Actually, all right, so you're in

512
00:26:10,440 --> 00:26:14,520
Speaker 1: the pro And also because while the moon played some

513
00:26:14,680 --> 00:26:16,880
Speaker 1: role in, you know, helping us think about the cosmos,

514
00:26:17,320 --> 00:26:20,000
Speaker 1: it's actually kind of annoying from an astronomical point of

515
00:26:20,080 --> 00:26:23,960
Speaker 1: view because you can ruin a nice dark night, which

516
00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:27,320
Speaker 1: is you couldn't You can't see the stars very well. Yeah,

517
00:26:27,359 --> 00:26:29,359
Speaker 1: like I've gone camping sometimes, and one of my favorite

518
00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:31,280
Speaker 1: things by camping, he's getting to look up at the

519
00:26:31,359 --> 00:26:34,200
Speaker 1: night sky and seeing a really dark night, because it's

520
00:26:34,200 --> 00:26:36,920
Speaker 1: incredible how many stars are out there, right, And most

521
00:26:36,920 --> 00:26:39,000
Speaker 1: people who live in big cities, they have no idea

522
00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:41,200
Speaker 1: how many stars are visible in the night sky. But

523
00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:43,119
Speaker 1: when you go out in the middle of nowhere and

524
00:26:43,119 --> 00:26:45,000
Speaker 1: you're far from everything and you can finally see the

525
00:26:45,040 --> 00:26:47,640
Speaker 1: Milky Way in all of its beautiful glory. But then

526
00:26:47,680 --> 00:26:50,240
Speaker 1: there's the moon and all you can see is the

527
00:26:50,280 --> 00:26:53,919
Speaker 1: moon and nothing else, you know, watching it exactly, and

528
00:26:53,960 --> 00:26:58,919
Speaker 1: so us for romantic physicists, it's beautiful. No, you're right.

529
00:26:58,960 --> 00:27:01,119
Speaker 1: I was just a cat thing the other day, and

530
00:27:01,960 --> 00:27:03,880
Speaker 1: you know, I remember looking up and seeing the milk

531
00:27:03,920 --> 00:27:07,280
Speaker 1: away and it was amazing, and my kids were super impressed.

532
00:27:08,119 --> 00:27:09,639
Speaker 1: I hadn't thought about it back then, but you're right.

533
00:27:09,680 --> 00:27:11,679
Speaker 1: I think it was a moonless night, and if the

534
00:27:11,680 --> 00:27:13,800
Speaker 1: moon happened out, we we wouldn't have seen these things.

535
00:27:14,080 --> 00:27:18,280
Speaker 1: All right. Let's get into what else would happen if

536
00:27:18,320 --> 00:27:20,840
Speaker 1: we lost the moon, And this one is a little

537
00:27:20,840 --> 00:27:23,879
Speaker 1: bit more serious. I have to say it would actually

538
00:27:23,920 --> 00:27:27,080
Speaker 1: affect you on a daily basis. But first let's take

539
00:27:27,119 --> 00:27:41,520
Speaker 1: a quick break, all right. We're talking about what would

540
00:27:41,560 --> 00:27:45,040
Speaker 1: happen if the moon disappeared, and we've talked about smaller tides,

541
00:27:45,200 --> 00:27:48,639
Speaker 1: no eclipses, which would be a bummer for poets and

542
00:27:49,760 --> 00:27:54,680
Speaker 1: um ancient civilizations perhaps, and darker nights. But there is

543
00:27:54,720 --> 00:27:59,520
Speaker 1: sort of a serious consequence to having no moon, right, yeah, exactly.

544
00:27:59,720 --> 00:28:02,160
Speaker 1: This is a bit of speculation based on modeling people

545
00:28:02,200 --> 00:28:05,600
Speaker 1: have done, But it seems like having a moon plays

546
00:28:05,640 --> 00:28:09,960
Speaker 1: a big role in the Earth's rotation and in its tilt. Right,

547
00:28:09,960 --> 00:28:12,879
Speaker 1: So the Earth spins around once a day, but it's

548
00:28:12,920 --> 00:28:15,320
Speaker 1: also tilted off of its axis, right, which is why

549
00:28:15,359 --> 00:28:18,159
Speaker 1: we have seasons. Like sometimes you're tilted a little bit

550
00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:20,240
Speaker 1: closer to the sun, sometimes you tilt a little further

551
00:28:20,320 --> 00:28:23,800
Speaker 1: from the Sun. And so the Earth's rotation controls the

552
00:28:23,880 --> 00:28:26,560
Speaker 1: length of the day, and it's tilt controls the the

553
00:28:26,640 --> 00:28:30,320
Speaker 1: magnitude of our seasons. And as we were talking about before,

554
00:28:30,359 --> 00:28:32,719
Speaker 1: the Earth and the moon are part of a complicated

555
00:28:32,800 --> 00:28:36,800
Speaker 1: system of anglar momentum, and and it seems like having

556
00:28:36,800 --> 00:28:40,360
Speaker 1: a moon makes the Earth's situation a little bit more stable.

557
00:28:41,280 --> 00:28:44,320
Speaker 1: Like planets without a moon, it's easier for their tilt

558
00:28:44,400 --> 00:28:47,680
Speaker 1: to change, like we could the way we're spinning around

559
00:28:48,600 --> 00:28:51,600
Speaker 1: in place, not just around the Sun, could change, like

560
00:28:51,640 --> 00:28:54,880
Speaker 1: we could tilt more towards the Sun or away from this. Yeah, exactly.

561
00:28:55,120 --> 00:28:58,560
Speaker 1: We're more susceptible, for example, being struck by rocks or

562
00:28:59,040 --> 00:29:01,080
Speaker 1: this kind of stuff. And the only way we could

563
00:29:01,080 --> 00:29:04,520
Speaker 1: absorb the angular momentum of some like impact or something

564
00:29:04,640 --> 00:29:07,160
Speaker 1: would be by the Earth changing its tilt or changing

565
00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:09,880
Speaker 1: its rotation speed. But if you have a moon, you

566
00:29:09,920 --> 00:29:12,000
Speaker 1: have a more complicated system that can absorb it in

567
00:29:12,040 --> 00:29:15,760
Speaker 1: other ways. And so you know, if it's some big buffer,

568
00:29:15,920 --> 00:29:18,520
Speaker 1: it's like a gravitational buffer. Yeah exactly, it's like a

569
00:29:18,520 --> 00:29:21,160
Speaker 1: gravitational buffer, and you can dump some of that stuff

570
00:29:21,160 --> 00:29:23,240
Speaker 1: into the moon, like well, make the moon spin faster

571
00:29:23,360 --> 00:29:25,480
Speaker 1: or make the Moon go around a little faster or whatever,

572
00:29:26,120 --> 00:29:29,520
Speaker 1: and so without affecting that. Yeah, And so it seems

573
00:29:29,560 --> 00:29:31,440
Speaker 1: like having a moon makes the whole system a little

574
00:29:31,480 --> 00:29:33,920
Speaker 1: bit more stable for the Earth. So you know, we

575
00:29:33,960 --> 00:29:36,000
Speaker 1: could end up like if we lost our moon, we

576
00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:38,480
Speaker 1: could end up in a situation where we have no tilt, right,

577
00:29:38,480 --> 00:29:41,400
Speaker 1: which means we have like no seasons, right, because the

578
00:29:41,480 --> 00:29:44,440
Speaker 1: tilt is what gives you seasons, right, yeah, exactly. The

579
00:29:44,440 --> 00:29:47,959
Speaker 1: tilt of the Earth relative to the Sun means sometimes

580
00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:51,120
Speaker 1: the people in the north are closer to the Sun,

581
00:29:51,200 --> 00:29:53,920
Speaker 1: and sometimes means they're further away from the Sun. Right, Yeah,

582
00:29:54,040 --> 00:29:55,760
Speaker 1: So if we lost our moon, we'd lose a bit

583
00:29:55,760 --> 00:29:59,239
Speaker 1: of our gravitational angle momentum buffer, and we'd be more

584
00:29:59,280 --> 00:30:01,800
Speaker 1: susceptible to some of these big changes, which could have

585
00:30:01,880 --> 00:30:05,040
Speaker 1: like obviously huge effects on the climate and survivability of

586
00:30:05,040 --> 00:30:08,480
Speaker 1: the Earth, well beyond whether rats can get gobbled up

587
00:30:08,520 --> 00:30:11,480
Speaker 1: by owls or whether or not Jorge can see the

588
00:30:11,520 --> 00:30:14,400
Speaker 1: Milky Way on his camping trip. There will be no seasons,

589
00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:17,760
Speaker 1: or there could be crazy extreme seasons, which and maybe

590
00:30:17,760 --> 00:30:20,320
Speaker 1: that those kinds of things wouldn't support light, right, it

591
00:30:20,400 --> 00:30:23,600
Speaker 1: would be Um, it would be a big deal. Yeah,

592
00:30:23,720 --> 00:30:27,200
Speaker 1: all right, Daniel, So, um, those are all pretty cool. Um,

593
00:30:27,640 --> 00:30:29,720
Speaker 1: but I'm a little bit worried now should I be worried?

594
00:30:29,840 --> 00:30:32,280
Speaker 1: Is the moon going to be going away anytime soon?

595
00:30:32,480 --> 00:30:35,040
Speaker 1: All these things are fun to think about, you know,

596
00:30:35,240 --> 00:30:38,000
Speaker 1: interesting to sort of probe the physics of the situation,

597
00:30:38,280 --> 00:30:40,960
Speaker 1: But none of these things are very likely to happen. Right,

598
00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:43,880
Speaker 1: We've been watching the skies for a long time. We're

599
00:30:43,880 --> 00:30:46,920
Speaker 1: pretty sure that there are no big rocks headed for

600
00:30:47,040 --> 00:30:50,000
Speaker 1: us that are likely to obliterate the Moon. It would

601
00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:52,800
Speaker 1: be pretty surprising if that happened. As long as we

602
00:30:52,840 --> 00:30:55,680
Speaker 1: are friendly to the programmers who run the stimulation and

603
00:30:55,720 --> 00:30:58,640
Speaker 1: they don't just decide to delete the Moon from our existence,

604
00:30:59,040 --> 00:31:01,000
Speaker 1: then I think we can on having the Moon for

605
00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:03,840
Speaker 1: you know, a lot longer. In fact, I was thinking

606
00:31:03,880 --> 00:31:05,880
Speaker 1: it would be kind of a best case scenario. Actually,

607
00:31:05,880 --> 00:31:08,440
Speaker 1: if like an asteroid hits the Moon and knocks it

608
00:31:08,440 --> 00:31:10,760
Speaker 1: out of orbit, that's like a good thing because it

609
00:31:10,760 --> 00:31:13,760
Speaker 1: means that then it hit hit up exactly exactly. We

610
00:31:13,920 --> 00:31:16,440
Speaker 1: sort of use up our buffer on that one asteroid

611
00:31:16,480 --> 00:31:19,320
Speaker 1: and we'd be totally vulnerable to the next one. Be

612
00:31:19,480 --> 00:31:21,680
Speaker 1: like those movies where the bullet it is headed is

613
00:31:21,680 --> 00:31:24,960
Speaker 1: headed towards you, but then somebody runs in and inters,

614
00:31:25,080 --> 00:31:28,160
Speaker 1: that's right exactly, and you lose that person, but at

615
00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:30,200
Speaker 1: least you didn't get shot the target. Greats are like,

616
00:31:30,960 --> 00:31:36,360
Speaker 1: we'll save you, that's right. So maybe thanks to the

617
00:31:36,440 --> 00:31:43,280
Speaker 1: Israelis for founding the lunar colony. Cool. But I'd imagine

618
00:31:43,280 --> 00:31:47,080
Speaker 1: also that even if we lost the Moon through whatever reason,

619
00:31:48,200 --> 00:31:50,960
Speaker 1: it doesn't sound like immediate death for us. You know,

620
00:31:51,240 --> 00:31:54,960
Speaker 1: it would mean changes in patterns and tides and seasons,

621
00:31:55,000 --> 00:31:58,160
Speaker 1: but maybe not immediate like we're dead in the war. Yeah,

622
00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:00,520
Speaker 1: it would not be immediate death. We have some time

623
00:32:00,520 --> 00:32:03,280
Speaker 1: to adjust and you know, even if the earth seasons

624
00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:06,160
Speaker 1: get more dramatic, we'll figure it out. You know. Think

625
00:32:06,160 --> 00:32:09,400
Speaker 1: about the careful, considered way that we're dealing with climate

626
00:32:09,440 --> 00:32:11,840
Speaker 1: change right now. Doesn't that give you confidence that we'll

627
00:32:11,880 --> 00:32:16,840
Speaker 1: be able to handle something like that? Sarcasm, sarcasm, sarcasm,

628
00:32:17,000 --> 00:32:20,760
Speaker 1: that's what a sarcastic physicistm There you go. No, but

629
00:32:20,840 --> 00:32:23,840
Speaker 1: this is definitely solidly in the fun to think about

630
00:32:23,880 --> 00:32:27,000
Speaker 1: but not actually worry about category. All right, Well, so

631
00:32:27,040 --> 00:32:29,880
Speaker 1: if you're a rat lover you can rest at ease.

632
00:32:30,400 --> 00:32:34,240
Speaker 1: Then all those rats out there are no, wait, you

633
00:32:34,240 --> 00:32:38,480
Speaker 1: should be worried. You don't need to worry about. Sorry.

634
00:32:38,480 --> 00:32:41,040
Speaker 1: If you're a rat lover, then uh, I'm sorry. We

635
00:32:41,160 --> 00:32:42,880
Speaker 1: can can't get me any time. You know what, rats

636
00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:44,680
Speaker 1: are going to survive longer than we are, I think.

637
00:32:44,960 --> 00:32:47,200
Speaker 1: All right, thanks for tuning in, and thank you for

638
00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:50,040
Speaker 1: sending these fascinating questions. If you have a question about

639
00:32:50,040 --> 00:32:52,880
Speaker 1: a crazy hypothetical situation, you'd like us to work out

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00:32:52,920 --> 00:32:55,960
Speaker 1: in details, send it to us at questions at Daniel

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00:32:56,040 --> 00:32:58,400
Speaker 1: and Jorge dot com. So in the meantime, go out

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00:32:58,440 --> 00:33:01,600
Speaker 1: there and look at the moon and appreciate its beauty

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00:33:02,200 --> 00:33:04,760
Speaker 1: or its absence if you want to be at the stars.

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00:33:04,920 --> 00:33:07,960
Speaker 1: And that's right and the Milky Way. Moons are something

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Speaker 1: you never appreciate until you lose them. I hope you

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Speaker 1: enjoyed it, See you next time. If you still have

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00:33:19,800 --> 00:33:23,200
Speaker 1: a question after listening to all these explanations, please drop

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Speaker 1: us a line. We'd love to hear from you. You

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00:33:25,360 --> 00:33:28,800
Speaker 1: can find us at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at Daniel

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00:33:28,840 --> 00:33:32,360
Speaker 1: and Jorge that's one word, or email us at Feedback

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00:33:32,400 --> 00:33:35,640
Speaker 1: at Daniel and Jorge dot com. Thanks for listening and

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00:33:35,680 --> 00:33:38,360
Speaker 1: remember that Daniel and Jorge Explain the Universe is a

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00:33:38,440 --> 00:33:41,880
Speaker 1: production of I Heart Radio. For more podcast from my

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio, visit the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,

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00:33:45,680 --> 00:33:53,480
Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. Yeah