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Speaker 1: Did you see the opening ceremony?

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Speaker 2: You know I did.

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Speaker 3: Oh my goodness, the Olympics is the most wonderful time

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Speaker 3: of the year. What did you think of the opening ceremony?

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Speaker 2: I thought it was really good, you know, to see

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Speaker 2: the welcoming committee kind of on the sides dancing. They

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Speaker 2: held their hands up for a long time though. They

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Speaker 2: kept the.

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Speaker 3: Energy high high during the Parade of Nations. That was

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Speaker 3: something that I noticed too. I was like, I don't

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Speaker 3: know if I could keep my arms up in the

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Speaker 3: air for that long.

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Speaker 2: I know how I feel when I smiled too long

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Speaker 2: in a picture, Like when people are taking photos and

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Speaker 2: your cheeks start to hurt. I imagine it's the same thing

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Speaker 2: for your arms.

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Speaker 4: Yo.

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Speaker 3: There was one time I had to smile all day,

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Speaker 3: and by the end of the day, my cheeks were

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Speaker 3: spasming every time I tried to smile, Like, I know,

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Speaker 3: I look crazy.

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Speaker 2: One of the things I remember is an athlete from

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Speaker 2: American Samoa who wore traditional dress and it was maybe

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Speaker 2: in the twenties or thirties there.

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Speaker 3: Yes, I think all of us remember when they had

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Speaker 3: the Olympics in Beijing and they had all those drummers

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Speaker 3: and it was fantastic. But you know, because of COVID

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Speaker 3: and having to kind of like pear anything down, they

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Speaker 3: switched from having it with a lot of people to

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Speaker 3: having a lot of tech, so lots of lasers, lots

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Speaker 3: of LEDs.

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Speaker 1: It was very cool.

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Speaker 2: I was into it me too.

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Speaker 1: I was glued to the screen.

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Speaker 2: And if we're into it, it's probably a bit that

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Speaker 2: some of our listeners are into it too. Oh yeah,

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Speaker 2: So we're teasing apart the science behind the Winter Olympics today.

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Speaker 2: I'm t T and I'm Zachiah and from Spotify. This

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Speaker 2: is Dope Labs.

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Speaker 3: Welcome to Dope Labs, a weekly podcast that mixes hardcore science,

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Speaker 3: pop culture, and a healthy dosa friendship.

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Speaker 2: This week, we're talking all about winter sports. Curling, the luge,

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Speaker 2: bob sledding, skating, skiing, snowboarding, all of that. The Winter

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Speaker 2: Olympics are in full swing and we really wanted to

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Speaker 2: know more about the physics behind some of our favorite

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Speaker 2: winter sports.

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Speaker 1: Let's get into the recitation. So what do we know?

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Speaker 2: Well, I know you know about physics. Now that's not

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Speaker 2: my strong point, but I know you're gonna see us through.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I know a little physics.

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Speaker 3: I think one thing that we know is that when

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Speaker 3: it comes to how we move on dry land versus

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Speaker 3: how we would move on ice, it's very very different.

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Speaker 1: I think that all of us have stepped on, you know, an.

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Speaker 3: Icy patch if we live in places that have snow

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Speaker 3: and ice, where things are a little bit slick, and

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Speaker 3: so everything that you feel like you know about physics

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Speaker 3: kind of goes out the window when you introduce these

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Speaker 3: slippery surfaces. And I think we know that with the

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Speaker 3: Winter Olympics comes snow and ice, and those play a

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Speaker 3: major factor into the physics that surrounds these sports.

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Speaker 2: And also if snow and ice are a major factor,

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Speaker 2: we know that those sports are dangerous.

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Speaker 1: Absolutely. So what do we want to know?

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Speaker 2: Well, I think I want to know how snow and

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Speaker 2: ice both impact these different sports. How do they play

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Speaker 2: a role in what athletes have to consider?

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Speaker 1: Right?

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Speaker 3: I think I understand the physics of a lot of

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Speaker 3: this stuff, but some of it still kind of goes

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Speaker 3: over my head where I'm like, how exactly are you

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Speaker 3: able to do this safely?

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Speaker 1: How does this work out?

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Speaker 3: Why does the physics come through every single time?

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Speaker 2: And is it just the same physics? The only thing

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Speaker 2: I can think about is spin it around. That's some

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Speaker 2: kind of I haven't figured it out in my head

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Speaker 2: centrifugal or centripetal force. But that's the only physics I

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Speaker 2: really and Jeff equals yes, But are there other physics

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Speaker 2: factors at play that maybe are a little more advanced

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Speaker 2: that I don't know about. You probably know about them,

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Speaker 2: but I don't know about him.

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Speaker 1: I love these questions. Let's jump into the dissection.

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Speaker 4: But it's absolute.

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Speaker 2: Our guest for today's lab is doctor Sophia Nympheus.

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Speaker 5: My name is Sophia and Nymphius. I'm a professor of

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Speaker 5: human performance. I'm also a sports science coordinator for Softball Australia.

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Speaker 3: Doctor Nymphius uses the physics of sports to maximize athletes performance.

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Speaker 2: All right, so let's talk about ice. We know that

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Speaker 2: a lot of winter sports like figure skating, hockey, or

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Speaker 2: curling take place on the ice, and an icebreak has

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Speaker 2: a lot less friction than say a basketball court or

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Speaker 2: a soccer field. So the definition of friction is a

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Speaker 2: resistance that one surface or an object encounters when moving

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Speaker 2: over another. So, according to doctor Nymphius, there are two

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Speaker 2: parts of friction when it comes to these sports.

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Speaker 5: There's the mass part essentially how much whatever the object.

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Speaker 5: Sometimes that objects you weighs or technically has mass, and

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Speaker 5: then there's the interaction of you or the object on

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Speaker 5: the surface. If it's ice, we think of it as

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Speaker 5: quote unquote friction lists. It's never perfectly frictionless, meaning there's

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Speaker 5: zero friction, but it's very close, and so the temperature

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Speaker 5: outside or even how they've prepared the surface can get

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Speaker 5: that friction value. We call it a coefficient of friction

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Speaker 5: close to the zero.

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Speaker 3: The benefit of the lower coefficient of friction is that

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Speaker 3: you get to maintain your momentum across the ice. The

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Speaker 3: coefficient of friction affects how long it takes you to stop.

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Speaker 3: A higher coefficient of friction means you stop sooner. A

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Speaker 3: lower coefficient of friction means that it takes longer for

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Speaker 3: you to stop. So, for example, if you roll a

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Speaker 3: ball across a table, it's going to keep rolling until

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Speaker 3: event it falls off the table, right, But if you

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Speaker 3: were to roll a ball across a lawn, it's probably

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Speaker 3: not going to travel as far. That means the coefficient

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Speaker 3: of friction is higher on grass than it is on

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Speaker 3: a table.

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Speaker 2: Okay, so now I feel like I have a good

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Speaker 2: understanding of how friction works. And this is a little

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Speaker 2: bit different from the friction we talked about last week.

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Speaker 2: So let's apply this to some specific winter sports, and

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Speaker 2: let's start with curling. I feel like curling is a

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Speaker 2: sport that is always, for me, really exciting to watch

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Speaker 2: because you don't really see it much. It's not coming

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Speaker 2: on ESPN, you're not sending it on your local news,

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Speaker 2: you don't know who you're the national representatives for the

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Speaker 2: curling team are. But it's actually a really fun sport

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Speaker 2: that takes a lot of strategy and skill. So in curling,

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Speaker 2: two teams of four people are trying to push a

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Speaker 2: huge stone forty four pounds to be exact, across the

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Speaker 2: ice towards a bull's eye, which they call the house.

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Speaker 1: Two people on each team use brooms to smooth out

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Speaker 1: the ice right in front of the stone, which can

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Speaker 1: dramatically affect the speed and spin of the stone.

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Speaker 5: You'll have the thrower they roll out that giant granite stone,

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Speaker 5: and if the sweepers didn't do anything, you'll notice it's

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Speaker 5: rotating and it could just rotate off the track, so

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Speaker 5: to speak. And so you have this person in the

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Speaker 5: back seemingly yelling losing their mind.

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Speaker 2: This person is known as the skip or the team captain.

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Speaker 5: What they're really doing is they're throwing instructions out because

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Speaker 5: they can see everything that's happening. They like the curve,

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Speaker 5: but eventually they want it to go straight because maybe

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Speaker 5: it's right online for getting to the house.

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Speaker 3: The team with the closest stone to the center of

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Speaker 3: the house gets a point. The team with the most

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Speaker 3: points after ten rounds or ends wins.

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Speaker 2: So once the stone is thrown, how is the sweeping

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Speaker 2: changing the ice to the team's advantage.

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Speaker 5: They sweep in front to try to change the trajectory

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Speaker 5: of that stone that's moving through, so it starts to

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Speaker 5: melt the ice, and that little melting of the ice

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Speaker 5: is like a lubricant. Instead of slowing down, it speeds

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Speaker 5: back up, starts to go straight again or again. They

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Speaker 5: can adjust the trajectory depending if they're sweeping one side,

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Speaker 5: the other side, or just in front of it.

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Speaker 2: So, just to go back to what you told me before,

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Speaker 2: the sweeping is basically lowering the coefficient of friction we

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Speaker 2: talked about.

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Speaker 1: Mm hmmm.

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Speaker 2: That way, it takes a longer time for the stone

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Speaker 2: to come to a complete stop.

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Speaker 3: That's really good and definitely a part of it. But

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Speaker 3: it actually gets a little bit more complicated.

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Speaker 2: Hmmm, I thought I had it you on your way, friend.

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Speaker 3: There's all these things that contribute. When you're talking about physics,

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Speaker 3: there's so many different factors that play a role into

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Speaker 3: all of these things.

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Speaker 5: This is funny, right, because we think physics says it's

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Speaker 5: an absolute there's no argument. Crazy enough, in curling, there's

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Speaker 5: a ton of argument of why this happens. There's one

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Speaker 5: camp that's over here. It's all about friction. We're changing

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Speaker 5: the friction. The other camps like, no, Actually it's something

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Speaker 5: totally different. It's around this melting of the water and

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Speaker 5: the water starts to rotate to different parts, and it's

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Speaker 5: actually the lubricant that's manipulating whether it goes straight or

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Speaker 5: faster or slow. Like most things, is probably halfway in

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Speaker 5: the middle. So it's quite complex. But it sounds like

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Speaker 5: by the person yelling in the background, they know what's happening.

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Speaker 5: So we can't exactly explain perfectly why, but they seem

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Speaker 5: to have a really good take of how to manipulate

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Speaker 5: that little granite stone to get in the house.

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Speaker 3: I feel like, I have a whole new appreciation for

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Speaker 3: the physics of curling. I really thought it was just

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Speaker 3: people screaming and sweeping, but there was so much more

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Speaker 3: going on.

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Speaker 2: Do you remember back in the twenty eighteen Winter Olympics.

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Speaker 1: The Olympics in Peon Chang, Yes.

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Speaker 2: If you remember that meme that was going around, it

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Speaker 2: was Matt Hamilton from Team USA and they brought home

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Speaker 2: the goal, but they were saying that he resembled Super

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Speaker 2: Mario doing the curling sweeping.

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Speaker 1: Suff we'll put the meme in the show notes.

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Speaker 2: Yes, well, they're going back, so I'm hoping for some

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Speaker 2: more meme worthy content here pretty soon.

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Speaker 3: Yes, I'm definitely tuning in for the tmusa curling.

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Speaker 2: So what's our next sport?

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Speaker 1: Tt our next spot is.

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Speaker 3: The ski jump And this terrifies me for a multitude

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Speaker 3: of reasons, but basically my understanding of it is that

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Speaker 3: the scars they get to the top of this really

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Speaker 3: steep hill, then they throw their bodies down it as

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Speaker 3: if they don't have a care in the world, and

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Speaker 3: in that ramp, when they get to the bottom, it

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Speaker 3: launches them up into the sky. They fly for a

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Speaker 3: few seconds, and then they land and most times it's

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Speaker 3: on their feet.

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Speaker 2: Listen. Now, I don't understand a lot of physicals, but

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Speaker 2: I know gravity regular is nine point eight meters per

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Speaker 2: second square. You want me to come down a hill,

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Speaker 2: launch back up and then do they have cushion in

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Speaker 2: the shoes? I mean, you want me to just land

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Speaker 2: and take all that impact on my ankles and knees. Ooh,

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Speaker 2: it's not right.

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Speaker 3: I did a jump shot in my kitchen, you know,

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Speaker 3: just throwing away a ball of paper, you know, Kobe,

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Speaker 3: and I twisted my ankle, so.

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Speaker 2: That didn't lets, you know, and you didn't even get

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Speaker 2: that much air, did you know?

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Speaker 1: I was about three inches off the ground.

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Speaker 2: So I've already been taking a peek at the events.

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Speaker 1: Yeah what have you seen?

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Speaker 2: Yeah? All right? So I saw the men's normal hill

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Speaker 2: the individuals, and we saw roy U Kobayashi from Japan

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Speaker 2: take home the gold for that one.

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Speaker 1: Wow.

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Speaker 3: And then I saw that in the women's normal hill

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Speaker 3: individual last weekend that Ursa Bogatai won the first ever

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Speaker 3: ski jumping gold medal for Slovenia.

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Speaker 2: I'm just glad it's anybody other than Norway, because Norway

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Speaker 2: has won the most medals in the Winter Olympics, and

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Speaker 2: so I'm rooting for everybody except Norway.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, so you gotta give other people a Yeah, spread

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Speaker 1: the love.

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Speaker 2: Let other people win.

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Speaker 1: For once, you know, I want to be crying with

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Speaker 1: my gold medal.

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Speaker 2: And so you have to ask how are they doing

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Speaker 2: this over and over again and not injuring themselves. Yeah.

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Speaker 3: It turns out there's a lot of careful planning that

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Speaker 3: goes into ski jumping, and it starts at the top

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Speaker 3: of that steep hill leading down to the ramp.

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Speaker 1: This part is called the inrun.

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Speaker 5: So they're going down and the first thing they're thinking

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Speaker 5: about is the friction of the ski and the surface.

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Speaker 5: So they want to minimize that because they want speed,

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Speaker 5: more speed, further launch.

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Speaker 2: And if that's not enough to be going straight downhill,

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Speaker 2: they're actually adding wax on the bottom of their skis,

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Speaker 2: so they're reducing the friction even more and able to

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Speaker 2: pick up more speed.

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Speaker 5: The wax they use depends on the temperature outside, what

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Speaker 5: the surface is like.

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Speaker 3: Another thing they have to consider on the in run

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Speaker 3: is the shape and size of their bodies. So skiers

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Speaker 3: will crunch down into almost like a ball and hold

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Speaker 3: their arms behind them to make themselves as small as possible.

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Speaker 5: So the shape they have as they go down is

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Speaker 5: going to minimize that air resistance or the drag, so

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Speaker 5: that you notice they get into this little ball shape

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Speaker 5: and they've got their head forward. Then they go off

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Speaker 5: the lip and you think, wow, this is actually the

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Speaker 5: point of no return.

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Speaker 2: And this is called the takeoff. Skiers have a split

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Speaker 2: second to jump off the ramp, using their legs and

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Speaker 2: change the position of their bodies to go as far

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Speaker 2: as possible down the rest of the hill, and that's

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Speaker 2: called the flight.

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Speaker 5: And so when they're in the air, they've got two

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Speaker 5: things in theory. They're just trying to maximize their distance.

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Speaker 5: So they've got the shape, so they've got their head forward,

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Speaker 5: they throw their arms back. And the other thing that's

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Speaker 5: real obvious to someone who knows nothing at all about

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Speaker 5: ski jumping is they all make this little V shape

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Speaker 5: with their skis.

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Speaker 3: And that V shape is all about aerodynamics. What the

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Speaker 3: V shape of the skis does is actually create a

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Speaker 3: shape that's different in the front and the back, and

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Speaker 3: the skiers also have to position their bodies really specifically

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Speaker 3: to maximize lift and distance. Once they're in the air,

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Speaker 3: they lean their bodies all the way forward, almost parallel

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Speaker 3: to their skis to minimize friction while they're in the air.

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Speaker 2: So that positioning of the skier's body over the skis

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Speaker 2: is actually changing their speed. You want to create more

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Speaker 2: speed on top and less speed underneath. That's going to

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Speaker 2: give you the lift, and it seems like it's making

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Speaker 2: their bodies function like an airplane wing.

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Speaker 3: Yes, the more lift, the further they can travel. So

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Speaker 3: lift is a force that is super important when you

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Speaker 3: want to keep something in the skies. Lift is what

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Speaker 3: keeps airplanes in the sky, and in this case, it

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Speaker 3: keeps the skier in the sky for longer. So what

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Speaker 3: they're doing is making their bodies into a shape that

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Speaker 3: increases the air velocity on top of them while at

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Speaker 3: the same time decreasing the velocity of the air beneath them.

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Speaker 3: And what that does is create a difference in the

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Speaker 3: air pressure, and that difference in pressure pushes them up

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Speaker 3: into the sky. Their final score is factored in by

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Speaker 3: the distance they jumped, as well as their aerial style

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Speaker 3: and landing. So you can't just fly through the air

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Speaker 3: and crash and just because you land keep it cute.

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Speaker 2: You gotta stay in top and that's only the tip

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Speaker 2: of the iceberg, because you still got to consider the

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Speaker 2: height of the skier, the weight, what fabrics they're wearing,

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Speaker 2: what the wind is like.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, there's so many factors. I mean, one false move

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Speaker 3: it feels like you're just gonna flip over. But what

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Speaker 3: happens when they stop lifting and they start to descend

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Speaker 3: to the ground.

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Speaker 5: They start to come out of that lift face and

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Speaker 5: they start to put their skis back parallel and then

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Speaker 5: they split them. So that's kind of their version of

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Speaker 5: breaks and they're getting ready to have to land on

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Speaker 5: their two little legs with the skis. Luckily, those skis

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Speaker 5: are wider and longer than the normal skis that you

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Speaker 5: and I would be on, But that's just giving a

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Speaker 5: more area to land on, more stability.

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Speaker 2: And this just makes me think about where all that

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Speaker 2: energy is going when they land. Is that going just

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Speaker 2: to the knees and the ankle. My knees and ankles

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Speaker 2: cannot withstand. I know that for a fact. Sofia explains

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Speaker 2: that the reason why this all works out is because

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Speaker 2: of the first law of thermodynamics, which says that energy

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Speaker 2: cannot be created or destroyed. In this case, a large

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Speaker 2: part of the energy is coming from the velocity the

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Speaker 2: skier is building as they're going down the ramp.

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Speaker 5: You have to remember that it is slightly at an angle.

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Speaker 5: And that's good because when we think about landing, we

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Speaker 5: probably all think about, you know, jumping off a building

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Speaker 5: and then landing on the ground and you stop your momentum.

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Speaker 5: So energy at the top energy at the bottom. Though

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Speaker 5: energy has to go somewhere, it's never created or destroyed.

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Speaker 5: So the energy you had from potential energy jumping off

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Speaker 5: your building and landing on the ground goes through your body. Well,

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Speaker 5: in this case, you maintain velocity and you just continue

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Speaker 5: your velocity, but now you're on the ground instead of

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Speaker 5: velocity going through the air, all that energy doesn't go

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Speaker 5: through your joints because you don't stop.

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Speaker 3: Another physics quantity that also has to be factored in

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Speaker 3: is momentum. Your momentum is determined by your mass and velocity,

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Speaker 3: and for someone on the ski jump, maintaining momentum through

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Speaker 3: their form, wax, skis and all those other things helps

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Speaker 3: with their landing.

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Speaker 5: In fact, the better you land, the better momentum you maintain,

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Speaker 5: but it is still a hard landing. They have to

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Speaker 5: be exceptionally strong and exceptionally coordinated.

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Speaker 3: Yes, so as you're landing, if you land the right way,

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Speaker 3: all of that shock won't travel through your body. It's

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Speaker 3: actually distributed through your skis, through the ground. You lose

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Speaker 3: some of it to the air and everything in between.

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Speaker 3: So that's the reason why it doesn't look so painful

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Speaker 3: when they're landing. But that makes me think about Simone Biles,

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Speaker 3: who does a lot of aerial movements and lands on

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Speaker 3: her feet.

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Speaker 2: Listen, her heels have got to hurt at the end

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Speaker 2: of the night.

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Speaker 3: Yes, you see someone Biles hit that Matt and my

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Speaker 3: teeth would be chattering like shot.

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Speaker 1: Just still going through there. All the energy is absorbed

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Speaker 1: in my jaw.

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Speaker 5: That's the benefit of the Winter Olympics. Most of the

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Speaker 5: time they get to maintain their momentum, like the pipe

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Speaker 5: event for snowboarding. They're doing crazy things, but then they land,

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Speaker 5: they maintain the momentum.

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Speaker 1: So that's what makes these sports so dangerous.

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Speaker 3: So let's say you're flying through the sky doing the

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Speaker 3: ski jump and something's off with your positioning or your

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Speaker 3: balance in the sky. All of that affects all of

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Speaker 3: these physical quantities like your momentum, your velocity and everything

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Speaker 3: to help you have a safe landing. So then when

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Speaker 3: you hit the ground, that momentum and velocity and that

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Speaker 3: sum total energy gets absorbed not only into the ground

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Speaker 3: but into your body.

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Speaker 5: So velocity is your friend and your enemy. It's your

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Speaker 5: friend when you can keep redirecting it and keep it going.

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Speaker 5: But if you've got high velocity and then all of

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Speaker 5: a sudden you stop because you crash, that is not good.

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Speaker 2: Let's take a break and when we come back we'll

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Speaker 2: get into figure skating and the loge.

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Speaker 3: We're back and we're talking all about winter Olympic sports

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Speaker 3: with doctor Sophia and Nymphius.

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Speaker 2: I feel like if I had learned physics this way,

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Speaker 2: I would have been so much more engaged. It's exciting

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Speaker 2: right Instead, in high school I got a needs improvement

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Speaker 2: on my behavior in physics class. How are you doing talking? Girl?

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Speaker 2: You know this?

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Speaker 1: Lord, It's true.

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Speaker 3: Okay, So up next we're going to talk about figure skating.

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Speaker 3: But first we want to tell you about a very

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Speaker 3: special lab we have planned for next week.

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Speaker 2: It's Black History Month and so to celebrate, we're doing

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Speaker 2: a deep dive into the HBC you experience with special

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Speaker 2: guest expert Xavier Jernigan from Spotify's The Get Up Like Me.

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Speaker 2: X is a proud HBCU grad and we're gonna be

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Speaker 2: talking about everything from camaraderie to friendship to homecoming, and

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Speaker 2: we want to hear from you. Call and leave us

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Speaker 2: your best shout out, tell us your name and the

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Speaker 2: HBCU you're repping two O two five six seven seven

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Speaker 2: zero two eight. That's two O two five six seven

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Speaker 2: seven zero two eight.

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Speaker 1: Okay, let's get back to the lab.

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Speaker 3: I want to talk about figure skating because I feel

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Speaker 3: like it's.

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Speaker 1: The crown jewel of Winter Olympics.

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Speaker 3: Everybody is always tuned in for figure skating. It produces

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Speaker 3: some of the craziest moments, probably some of the most

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Speaker 3: heartfelt moments. I mean, folks are crying, you know, there's

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Speaker 3: a lot of sequence and flowers and bears and hugs,

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Speaker 3: so I think everybody loves it. Do you remember Siria Bonley.

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Speaker 2: I do remember her. She was this black woman who

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Speaker 2: did the backflip and landed on one skate, which wasn't

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Speaker 2: allowed because they were saying it was too hard, which

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Speaker 2: is also giving me very strong Simon Biles vibes.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, it's funny how these things work.

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Speaker 2: Well, we got some people to look forward to.

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Speaker 1: Oh yes, and I know everybody's gonna be locked in.

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Speaker 3: We have so many stars on Team USA, the US team,

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Speaker 3: including Nathan Chen, America's sweetheart right now, who skated a

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Speaker 3: career best in the short program and helped Team USA

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Speaker 3: clinch the silver medal for the team event.

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Speaker 2: Well, tonight the men's single finals come on, so we're

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Speaker 2: still rooting for Come on, Nain. But next week the

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Speaker 2: women are skating. Oh yeah, and I'm ready and I'm

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Speaker 2: just trying to get my ankle strong because you know

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Speaker 2: I'm gonna try to do that stuff in my living room. Yes,

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Speaker 2: I need to find a leotard, some sequins because I

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Speaker 2: want to be ready. I'm coming in costume to support.

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Speaker 2: And so people are doing backflips and axles and spins,

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Speaker 2: and some of these skaters are spinning so fast it

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Speaker 2: looks like people hit the fast forward. But doctor Nimphius

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Speaker 2: told us about three different spins, the standing spin, the

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Speaker 2: sitting spin, and the camel spin.

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Speaker 5: They got the standing spin, and you'll see them often

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Speaker 5: throw their arms out in their so throw their arms out,

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Speaker 5: slow down, bring it in fast spin. So they'll come

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Speaker 5: into their spin, they'll bring their arms really close together,

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Speaker 5: or they'll put their arms out, and that's when they're

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Speaker 5: doing their standing spins. And what they're doing is they're

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Speaker 5: manipulating that distance that they're spinning about.

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Speaker 2: So here we're seeing how an athlete's mass and the

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Speaker 2: shape of their body affects their momentum.

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Speaker 5: Yeah, so they get to play with their momentum quite

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Speaker 5: a bit too. So they might be doing something they're

444
00:22:24,720 --> 00:22:27,280
Speaker 5: skating in. Maybe they're skating forward and you'll see them

445
00:22:27,280 --> 00:22:29,320
Speaker 5: getting some spin and then they seem to stop on

446
00:22:29,359 --> 00:22:31,280
Speaker 5: a dime and then all of a sudden, they're spinning.

447
00:22:31,480 --> 00:22:34,000
Speaker 5: Now what they've done, if they've transferred what we call

448
00:22:34,080 --> 00:22:37,320
Speaker 5: linear momentum, they're skating forward into angular momentum.

449
00:22:37,480 --> 00:22:40,879
Speaker 3: Like we talked about before, energy can't be created or destroyed.

450
00:22:41,080 --> 00:22:46,560
Speaker 3: So these skaters are using their forward momentum and transferring

451
00:22:46,600 --> 00:22:49,800
Speaker 3: it into an angular momentum when they start their spin.

452
00:22:50,240 --> 00:22:52,520
Speaker 3: So all that speed that they build up, which is

453
00:22:52,520 --> 00:22:54,760
Speaker 3: why you see the skaters when you know they're about

454
00:22:54,760 --> 00:22:56,800
Speaker 3: to do a big jump or a big spin, they

455
00:22:57,280 --> 00:23:00,000
Speaker 3: like round the rink. They start skating really really fast,

456
00:23:00,160 --> 00:23:02,080
Speaker 3: and then the big jump comes because they need that

457
00:23:02,200 --> 00:23:05,080
Speaker 3: speed so they can transfer it into angular momentum.

458
00:23:05,400 --> 00:23:08,320
Speaker 2: Mmmm, that makes a lot of sense. So that's a

459
00:23:08,359 --> 00:23:11,119
Speaker 2: standing spin. What about a sitting spin when they squat

460
00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:14,040
Speaker 2: down in their like inches from the ice. That looks

461
00:23:14,080 --> 00:23:15,800
Speaker 2: like so much muscle control.

462
00:23:16,080 --> 00:23:18,040
Speaker 5: So they'll squat down and they'll throw a leg out.

463
00:23:18,320 --> 00:23:20,560
Speaker 5: And you've probably seen this in the summer Olympics too,

464
00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:23,320
Speaker 5: because Simone Balls does what they called the wolf spin,

465
00:23:23,520 --> 00:23:25,640
Speaker 5: where she's on her foot and she puts her leg

466
00:23:25,680 --> 00:23:28,280
Speaker 5: out and she's on the beam and she's spinning about.

467
00:23:28,760 --> 00:23:32,040
Speaker 2: Yes, I have never understood how she could spin around

468
00:23:32,040 --> 00:23:33,280
Speaker 2: like that on the balance beam.

469
00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:34,639
Speaker 1: That's a really good point.

470
00:23:34,800 --> 00:23:37,560
Speaker 3: And when we think about what Simone Bowles is doing

471
00:23:37,600 --> 00:23:40,480
Speaker 3: and we compare that to what's happening in figure skating

472
00:23:40,600 --> 00:23:43,440
Speaker 3: when they're doing a sitting spin and they stick a

473
00:23:43,520 --> 00:23:46,560
Speaker 3: leg out, that makes them slow down for the same reason.

474
00:23:46,760 --> 00:23:49,520
Speaker 3: So the reason is something called moment of inertia, and

475
00:23:49,640 --> 00:23:52,000
Speaker 3: moment of inertia determines how easy it is for an

476
00:23:52,040 --> 00:23:55,120
Speaker 3: object to speed up or slow down. A larger moment

477
00:23:55,160 --> 00:23:58,000
Speaker 3: of inertia, like when a skater or Simone Boles sticks

478
00:23:58,040 --> 00:24:01,400
Speaker 3: their leg out, will slow down their rotation, but a

479
00:24:01,440 --> 00:24:04,120
Speaker 3: smaller moment of inertia, like when they bring their leg

480
00:24:04,160 --> 00:24:06,639
Speaker 3: back in, will make them spin faster. So when they

481
00:24:06,640 --> 00:24:09,280
Speaker 3: bring that leg back in, they'll start to speed back up.

482
00:24:10,480 --> 00:24:14,919
Speaker 2: So it's an inverse relationship. So if I am distributing

483
00:24:15,000 --> 00:24:17,679
Speaker 2: my body out making it larger, sticking something out an

484
00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:21,120
Speaker 2: arm or a leg, I'm lowering the velocity and it's

485
00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:24,480
Speaker 2: lowering because I'm making my moment of inertia larger.

486
00:24:24,680 --> 00:24:27,760
Speaker 3: Yeah, it's about a redistribution of mass. When you have

487
00:24:28,119 --> 00:24:31,160
Speaker 3: something that's not perfectly round and it has something that's

488
00:24:31,160 --> 00:24:34,080
Speaker 3: sticking out from the side, it will cause a lot

489
00:24:34,080 --> 00:24:37,719
Speaker 3: of disruption to the physics of that spin. So for

490
00:24:38,080 --> 00:24:42,439
Speaker 3: figure skaters and for our good cysts Simone Biles, sticking

491
00:24:42,440 --> 00:24:46,880
Speaker 3: that legout redistributes the mass, which causes them to slow down.

492
00:24:47,119 --> 00:24:50,200
Speaker 5: And you'll notice they'll slow down and they're slowing down

493
00:24:50,359 --> 00:24:54,280
Speaker 5: because that distance increases and so velocity goes down because

494
00:24:54,320 --> 00:24:57,359
Speaker 5: they can only manipulate the distance or the velocity. So

495
00:24:57,400 --> 00:24:59,320
Speaker 5: if they want to go faster, they bring the leg

496
00:24:59,359 --> 00:25:01,360
Speaker 5: back in and the velocity goes back up.

497
00:25:01,680 --> 00:25:04,080
Speaker 2: And so that brings us to the next spin, which

498
00:25:04,119 --> 00:25:06,560
Speaker 2: is the camel spin, and that's where the skaters are

499
00:25:06,760 --> 00:25:10,320
Speaker 2: on one leg and they're leaning forward, so their torso

500
00:25:10,600 --> 00:25:12,720
Speaker 2: is like parallel to the ice. And then they take

501
00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:14,800
Speaker 2: that other leg and this behind them in a straight

502
00:25:14,840 --> 00:25:16,040
Speaker 2: line and they're spinning.

503
00:25:16,240 --> 00:25:19,200
Speaker 5: And so again that's like the longest you could make yourself,

504
00:25:19,320 --> 00:25:22,800
Speaker 5: and so that spin seems real slow but really hard

505
00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:25,439
Speaker 5: because sometimes going slow is harder because you're balancing on

506
00:25:25,480 --> 00:25:28,399
Speaker 5: a single skate. So they have three spins, and it

507
00:25:28,480 --> 00:25:32,600
Speaker 5: helps you change how long your body is. Your axis

508
00:25:32,600 --> 00:25:35,639
Speaker 5: of rotation is our technical term. So you've got a

509
00:25:35,680 --> 00:25:38,679
Speaker 5: long axis of rotation with your trunk forward and your

510
00:25:38,720 --> 00:25:41,280
Speaker 5: legs sticking out the back. That's your camel. Or you've

511
00:25:41,320 --> 00:25:43,800
Speaker 5: got a really tight axis of rotation when you're standing

512
00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:45,119
Speaker 5: and you've got your arms tucked in.

513
00:25:45,440 --> 00:25:48,640
Speaker 2: You know, this makes me think about what roller skating.

514
00:25:48,760 --> 00:25:51,760
Speaker 2: You know, we've seen roller skating all on the reels

515
00:25:51,800 --> 00:25:56,159
Speaker 2: on ig. I've seen somebody's past or roller skating. I

516
00:25:56,160 --> 00:25:58,800
Speaker 2: don't even know how that works for the ministry, but

517
00:25:59,280 --> 00:26:01,960
Speaker 2: are we seeing these same principles at play in roller

518
00:26:01,960 --> 00:26:02,560
Speaker 2: skating too?

519
00:26:02,880 --> 00:26:04,720
Speaker 5: Now, when it comes to roller skating, there's going to

520
00:26:04,800 --> 00:26:08,840
Speaker 5: be more friction because that coefficient and friction between the skate,

521
00:26:08,920 --> 00:26:11,640
Speaker 5: we have the wheel and the ground that's always going

522
00:26:11,680 --> 00:26:13,960
Speaker 5: to be higher than it is on ice, so you'll

523
00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:18,040
Speaker 5: slow down faster in your roller skating. But the concepts

524
00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:20,879
Speaker 5: about what makes you slow down and speed up during

525
00:26:20,920 --> 00:26:23,240
Speaker 5: spinning is the same, but the length of time you

526
00:26:23,240 --> 00:26:26,879
Speaker 5: could maintain your spin from your momentum is less because

527
00:26:26,880 --> 00:26:28,400
Speaker 5: the friction will slow you down.

528
00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:31,879
Speaker 3: I loved that question, and since we're talking about skating,

529
00:26:31,920 --> 00:26:34,439
Speaker 3: I want to know more about speed skating too. So

530
00:26:34,560 --> 00:26:37,480
Speaker 3: when we think about figure skating and speed skating, they

531
00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:39,560
Speaker 3: have two different kinds of skates.

532
00:26:39,560 --> 00:26:40,200
Speaker 2: Did you know that.

533
00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:43,359
Speaker 3: No, the skates that people wear for speed skating have

534
00:26:43,480 --> 00:26:44,400
Speaker 3: longer blades.

535
00:26:44,800 --> 00:26:45,159
Speaker 2: Why.

536
00:26:45,640 --> 00:26:49,040
Speaker 5: The major difference is that the speed skate it's longer,

537
00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:52,320
Speaker 5: But the real big difference besides that length is it

538
00:26:52,400 --> 00:26:56,600
Speaker 5: has an axis, so it actually falls away from the

539
00:26:56,640 --> 00:26:59,280
Speaker 5: boot of the skate. It's called a clap skate because

540
00:26:59,320 --> 00:27:01,800
Speaker 5: it claps back down, so you've got the blade and

541
00:27:01,840 --> 00:27:05,480
Speaker 5: it pivots about the front. And that sounds dangerous and

542
00:27:05,560 --> 00:27:09,320
Speaker 5: it is, but what it does is as they lift

543
00:27:09,560 --> 00:27:13,760
Speaker 5: their boot, the skate blade stays in contact longer with

544
00:27:13,920 --> 00:27:16,919
Speaker 5: the ice. And remember, in speed skating it's all about speed,

545
00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:19,720
Speaker 5: and the best way to go faster is to have

546
00:27:20,200 --> 00:27:23,800
Speaker 5: more force into the ice. Well, if your blades off

547
00:27:23,840 --> 00:27:26,600
Speaker 5: the ice, you can no longer put force into the

548
00:27:26,640 --> 00:27:29,560
Speaker 5: ground or into the ice. So that little access to

549
00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:33,840
Speaker 5: clap skate really changed speed skating because it gave us

550
00:27:33,880 --> 00:27:36,240
Speaker 5: a longer time period to put the force into the ice,

551
00:27:36,520 --> 00:27:38,280
Speaker 5: and so they skate faster like that.

552
00:27:38,760 --> 00:27:41,560
Speaker 2: Wow, Okay, it makes a lot of sense.

553
00:27:41,840 --> 00:27:42,000
Speaker 1: Hmm.

554
00:27:42,040 --> 00:27:44,440
Speaker 2: But I want to know why that isn't the example

555
00:27:44,960 --> 00:27:47,280
Speaker 2: in the physics textbooks, Like this is the stuff I

556
00:27:47,320 --> 00:27:50,960
Speaker 2: want to know. Nobody's talking about this. I did not

557
00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:53,880
Speaker 2: know that they had a whole different shoe. And why

558
00:27:53,920 --> 00:27:55,720
Speaker 2: aren't the commentators.

559
00:27:55,000 --> 00:27:58,480
Speaker 3: Telling us this either, right, see they need dope labs

560
00:27:58,520 --> 00:28:00,000
Speaker 3: on NBC Sports or whatever.

561
00:28:00,359 --> 00:28:01,040
Speaker 2: Give us a call.

562
00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:14,399
Speaker 1: Okay, Now I want to talk about the lose. So

563
00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:18,520
Speaker 1: it's like a sled, but you're laying down on it

564
00:28:18,680 --> 00:28:19,359
Speaker 1: on your back.

565
00:28:19,800 --> 00:28:23,240
Speaker 3: They're singles and doubles. So one person will do four

566
00:28:23,320 --> 00:28:26,480
Speaker 3: runs or teams of two will do two runs, and

567
00:28:26,520 --> 00:28:29,600
Speaker 3: the races are time to the thousandth of a second.

568
00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:33,840
Speaker 3: The track is ice, and folks are going really really fast,

569
00:28:33,840 --> 00:28:36,320
Speaker 3: and it just seems almost impossible to do.

570
00:28:36,920 --> 00:28:39,120
Speaker 5: You know when you're playing video games and you're just

571
00:28:39,160 --> 00:28:42,120
Speaker 5: like leaning to the left and hoping that changes the

572
00:28:42,200 --> 00:28:46,040
Speaker 5: direction of the person, Well, you're practicing the louge. Because

573
00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:48,760
Speaker 5: if you were really in that game, when you are

574
00:28:48,840 --> 00:28:52,880
Speaker 5: leaning your body to one side, willing your Mario Kart

575
00:28:52,920 --> 00:28:56,160
Speaker 5: to turn right, quicker, we kind of know intuitively that

576
00:28:56,240 --> 00:28:58,720
Speaker 5: if we manipulate our body to one side or the

577
00:28:58,760 --> 00:29:01,120
Speaker 5: other side, we should be turning to that side.

578
00:29:01,360 --> 00:29:03,960
Speaker 2: Do we know that intuitively? I mean, I guess does

579
00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:06,840
Speaker 2: that mean I understand physics at my core?

580
00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:07,400
Speaker 1: Yeah?

581
00:29:07,440 --> 00:29:09,720
Speaker 3: I think that That's a really great point, is that

582
00:29:10,080 --> 00:29:14,480
Speaker 3: our bodies, our minds are hardwired to do what is

583
00:29:14,600 --> 00:29:18,440
Speaker 3: necessary to keep us from falling down, to keep us

584
00:29:18,520 --> 00:29:21,520
Speaker 3: from falling over. We still fall here and there, but

585
00:29:21,800 --> 00:29:24,680
Speaker 3: it's like instinctual. If you were to step off of

586
00:29:24,680 --> 00:29:27,000
Speaker 3: a curve and you don't realize how tall it is,

587
00:29:27,240 --> 00:29:30,000
Speaker 3: your arms are going to go out right, You're going

588
00:29:30,080 --> 00:29:32,920
Speaker 3: to lean to the opposite direction that you're falling because

589
00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:36,320
Speaker 3: your body is trying to use physics to its benefit

590
00:29:36,840 --> 00:29:38,240
Speaker 3: and recover from the fall.

591
00:29:38,960 --> 00:29:42,200
Speaker 2: Well, that should be the test, then not Can I

592
00:29:42,320 --> 00:29:46,440
Speaker 2: do an equation right? Don't you think? Yes? I agree.

593
00:29:49,360 --> 00:29:52,120
Speaker 5: Now there's a lot of the physics behind that. What

594
00:29:52,200 --> 00:29:56,240
Speaker 5: they're really doing is they're changing the distribution of their

595
00:29:56,320 --> 00:29:59,440
Speaker 5: mass on that sled. So you're going to put more

596
00:29:59,640 --> 00:30:02,520
Speaker 5: weight into one blade because there's two blades, right, it's

597
00:30:02,520 --> 00:30:04,440
Speaker 5: the sled, it's got two blades, and so that's going

598
00:30:04,480 --> 00:30:07,200
Speaker 5: to change the friction on one side versus the other.

599
00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:10,160
Speaker 5: When we're talking about throwing the curling stone, if you

600
00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:12,440
Speaker 5: change the friction on one side or the other, then

601
00:30:12,520 --> 00:30:14,760
Speaker 5: you're going to get things to turn. In this case,

602
00:30:14,920 --> 00:30:18,120
Speaker 5: you're manipulating the distribution of the mass, so you change

603
00:30:18,120 --> 00:30:20,200
Speaker 5: the friction. And then the other thing they're doing is

604
00:30:20,240 --> 00:30:23,800
Speaker 5: those slight changes in their foot shape. Now that's changing

605
00:30:24,040 --> 00:30:28,719
Speaker 5: their aerodynamics. So you're getting more drag or less drag

606
00:30:28,880 --> 00:30:31,200
Speaker 5: on one side of your body, which is going to

607
00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:34,280
Speaker 5: help you turn or not turn to one side or

608
00:30:34,280 --> 00:30:36,760
Speaker 5: the other. And that's all they have. There's no brakes,

609
00:30:37,120 --> 00:30:40,520
Speaker 5: there is no control. They just have them and their

610
00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:42,840
Speaker 5: body and that's sled. And that's why when you see

611
00:30:42,880 --> 00:30:44,720
Speaker 5: at the end and they have to stop, they jump

612
00:30:44,800 --> 00:30:46,560
Speaker 5: up in the air and they just dig their feet

613
00:30:46,640 --> 00:30:48,800
Speaker 5: and they're pulling the sled up in the ground because

614
00:30:48,800 --> 00:30:50,680
Speaker 5: the best thing they've got to stop is to just

615
00:30:50,880 --> 00:30:53,680
Speaker 5: pull the sleds front up in there because there's no brakes.

616
00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:57,000
Speaker 2: Do you think you have what it takes. I'm feeling

617
00:30:57,120 --> 00:31:00,560
Speaker 2: if it's just me and my body alone in Canni's

618
00:31:00,600 --> 00:31:04,120
Speaker 2: no anti lock brake system, just my heels digging into

619
00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:06,960
Speaker 2: the slid to stop, it's a rep I don't.

620
00:31:06,800 --> 00:31:09,160
Speaker 3: Have the best feet. I have flat feet than not

621
00:31:09,320 --> 00:31:11,760
Speaker 3: very nice looking. Don't ever look at my feet, y'all.

622
00:31:11,840 --> 00:31:14,160
Speaker 3: My feet are not going to save me on the louge.

623
00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:15,960
Speaker 3: So that is not the sport for me.

624
00:31:16,320 --> 00:31:19,360
Speaker 2: It feels scary just doing that. And that's feet first.

625
00:31:19,400 --> 00:31:21,960
Speaker 2: Everybody knows feet first is the safest way you do anything.

626
00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:24,360
Speaker 2: You jump into a pool feet first if you're using

627
00:31:24,400 --> 00:31:27,720
Speaker 2: some caution. Now, if the luge isn't enough, there's also

628
00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:32,040
Speaker 2: the skeleton, which is like the luge, but head first,

629
00:31:32,720 --> 00:31:34,280
Speaker 2: And what is that? What are you using then your

630
00:31:34,320 --> 00:31:38,440
Speaker 2: ears to create drag? Like that? Just feels wild to me? Right?

631
00:31:40,080 --> 00:31:41,320
Speaker 2: Why would you want to do that?

632
00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:46,040
Speaker 5: It does because your head is just a massive drag.

633
00:31:47,360 --> 00:31:50,640
Speaker 5: You go slower in the skeleton because your head just

634
00:31:50,680 --> 00:31:53,720
Speaker 5: produces way more drag than your feet do, and so

635
00:31:53,840 --> 00:31:56,600
Speaker 5: you're like more aerodynamic feet first, that's why the luge

636
00:31:56,680 --> 00:31:59,320
Speaker 5: is faster. They try not to pull their head up.

637
00:31:59,720 --> 00:32:01,800
Speaker 5: And all of these kind of events that go down

638
00:32:01,800 --> 00:32:03,960
Speaker 5: this crazy track as fast as possible. You got lose

639
00:32:04,040 --> 00:32:07,800
Speaker 5: skeleton and bob sleigh. Really, they're memorizing those tracks, so

640
00:32:07,840 --> 00:32:10,400
Speaker 5: they probably don't even need to look where they're going.

641
00:32:10,640 --> 00:32:14,480
Speaker 5: They know these tracks. They're mentally rehearsing these things thousands

642
00:32:14,560 --> 00:32:15,680
Speaker 5: of dimes in their head.

643
00:32:16,080 --> 00:32:19,480
Speaker 2: I don't believe that. I mean, I believe they have

644
00:32:19,600 --> 00:32:22,600
Speaker 2: memorized them. But if I think about riding my bike,

645
00:32:22,880 --> 00:32:25,520
Speaker 2: I'm not going as fast as they're going, but I

646
00:32:25,560 --> 00:32:27,520
Speaker 2: need to look at where I'm going. No matter how

647
00:32:27,520 --> 00:32:29,360
Speaker 2: many times I've taken the route.

648
00:32:29,040 --> 00:32:30,160
Speaker 1: I wouldn't trust myself.

649
00:32:30,200 --> 00:32:31,800
Speaker 3: I don't even want to walk any What if I

650
00:32:31,840 --> 00:32:35,760
Speaker 3: confuse this track for the other track and I lean

651
00:32:36,040 --> 00:32:39,040
Speaker 3: right when I'm supposed to be staying straight, and then

652
00:32:39,080 --> 00:32:41,640
Speaker 3: I go flying up the wall. I don't know, but

653
00:32:41,720 --> 00:32:44,600
Speaker 3: this reminded me of this documentary called Free Solo.

654
00:32:44,640 --> 00:32:46,640
Speaker 1: Have you seen it? It's this climber.

655
00:32:46,760 --> 00:32:50,960
Speaker 3: His name is Alex Hunnold, and he climbs some of

656
00:32:51,000 --> 00:32:54,240
Speaker 3: the most dangerous mountains with no harness and they call

657
00:32:54,280 --> 00:32:57,840
Speaker 3: that free soloing no harness, So to practice, he'll have

658
00:32:57,880 --> 00:33:02,600
Speaker 3: a harness and he will memorize every nook and cranny

659
00:33:02,920 --> 00:33:06,160
Speaker 3: in that rock face. And I'm not talking about, oh,

660
00:33:06,240 --> 00:33:09,280
Speaker 3: there's this place where you can grab onto. I'm talking

661
00:33:09,360 --> 00:33:12,400
Speaker 3: about things that are maybe a quarter or an eighth

662
00:33:12,480 --> 00:33:15,120
Speaker 3: of an inch thick jutting out where he's like, I

663
00:33:15,120 --> 00:33:16,880
Speaker 3: can put my toe right there.

664
00:33:17,440 --> 00:33:18,840
Speaker 1: He memorizes all of it.

665
00:33:18,840 --> 00:33:22,120
Speaker 3: He has a written out in a composition book and

666
00:33:22,600 --> 00:33:23,239
Speaker 3: studies it.

667
00:33:23,800 --> 00:33:28,040
Speaker 2: This reminds me of the Alpinist. Mmm. The Alpinist is

668
00:33:28,080 --> 00:33:31,760
Speaker 2: about Marc Andre Lecleric and he is doing this kind

669
00:33:31,760 --> 00:33:35,160
Speaker 2: of free solo stuff too, and it's in these alpine mountains.

670
00:33:35,520 --> 00:33:37,560
Speaker 2: Is it something about the cold air that's got y'all.

671
00:33:37,440 --> 00:33:39,280
Speaker 1: Doing this well in free solo?

672
00:33:39,320 --> 00:33:41,280
Speaker 3: They were like the part of his brain that's supposed

673
00:33:41,320 --> 00:33:43,680
Speaker 3: to be like your fear center is like his is

674
00:33:43,720 --> 00:33:46,880
Speaker 3: so dull. He doesn't feel fear. And when you talk

675
00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:48,320
Speaker 3: to him and they're like, are you scared, he's like

676
00:33:48,400 --> 00:33:49,320
Speaker 3: scared of what dying?

677
00:33:49,440 --> 00:33:54,160
Speaker 5: No, or every bad idea probably started as a good

678
00:33:54,160 --> 00:33:56,480
Speaker 5: idea at the time. So I think that's like every

679
00:33:56,520 --> 00:33:58,560
Speaker 5: sport in the winter Olympics. Oh, this seems like a

680
00:33:58,600 --> 00:34:00,480
Speaker 5: good idea until well it's not.

681
00:34:00,720 --> 00:34:03,240
Speaker 2: I don't know what drives this type of thrill seeking

682
00:34:03,480 --> 00:34:05,920
Speaker 2: either way. I'm not built for these winter sports. Okay.

683
00:34:06,440 --> 00:34:08,080
Speaker 2: I thought I needed to get rid of the summer

684
00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:09,719
Speaker 2: sports because I was stopping on the dime. But the

685
00:34:09,760 --> 00:34:12,880
Speaker 2: winter sports are feeling unsafe too, and so it probably

686
00:34:12,880 --> 00:34:15,000
Speaker 2: doesn't matter because I'm not anywhere close to competing in

687
00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:18,000
Speaker 2: the Olympics, and it's very clear to me why. But

688
00:34:18,080 --> 00:34:20,880
Speaker 2: there's one part of the Olympics that I do like

689
00:34:21,200 --> 00:34:23,120
Speaker 2: and is one of my favorite parts of physics, and

690
00:34:23,160 --> 00:34:24,040
Speaker 2: that's G force.

691
00:34:24,560 --> 00:34:27,560
Speaker 5: In the Winter Olympics, almost every one of these sports

692
00:34:27,719 --> 00:34:31,200
Speaker 5: that the athlete has G forces placed on them, so

693
00:34:31,400 --> 00:34:34,279
Speaker 5: g's we get this from our gravitational force and we're

694
00:34:34,400 --> 00:34:37,120
Speaker 5: used to it. So like basically, when you're standing on Earth,

695
00:34:37,120 --> 00:34:40,360
Speaker 5: you've got one G worth a force applied to you.

696
00:34:40,560 --> 00:34:42,880
Speaker 5: So standing on the ground, I'm one G. If you

697
00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:45,120
Speaker 5: jumped up in the air and then you landed really fast,

698
00:34:45,200 --> 00:34:48,480
Speaker 5: you might get two or three g's And so it's

699
00:34:48,520 --> 00:34:53,279
Speaker 5: really about the acceleration, which is velocity squared. So the

700
00:34:53,560 --> 00:34:57,560
Speaker 5: acceleration when you're flying downhill skiing is very high and

701
00:34:57,600 --> 00:35:01,080
Speaker 5: they've got a very steep slope, but then they decide

702
00:35:01,120 --> 00:35:03,960
Speaker 5: it's a good idea to turn multiple times, and so

703
00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:08,759
Speaker 5: during those turns they've actually got three, four, five g's

704
00:35:09,200 --> 00:35:12,200
Speaker 5: pushing into them, maybe more, depending how fast they're traveling.

705
00:35:12,440 --> 00:35:15,440
Speaker 5: When the snowboarders go up and they do a crazy

706
00:35:15,440 --> 00:35:17,520
Speaker 5: trick and they come back down in the half pipe,

707
00:35:17,640 --> 00:35:19,680
Speaker 5: they get to the bottom of that half pipe and

708
00:35:19,719 --> 00:35:22,479
Speaker 5: they feel like they're getting squshed into the ground. They're

709
00:35:22,520 --> 00:35:26,240
Speaker 5: having g's pulled into them, and they're managing those g's.

710
00:35:26,360 --> 00:35:28,160
Speaker 5: The same thing with those ski jumpers.

711
00:35:28,840 --> 00:35:32,600
Speaker 3: So G force is gravitational force, and there's this equation

712
00:35:32,719 --> 00:35:36,200
Speaker 3: that's associated with gravitational force. But what the equation means

713
00:35:36,280 --> 00:35:38,920
Speaker 3: is that if you have two objects that are a

714
00:35:39,000 --> 00:35:41,960
Speaker 3: certain this is apart, you can determine the force of

715
00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:45,560
Speaker 3: gravity between them. So when we're talking about G forces,

716
00:35:45,760 --> 00:35:50,680
Speaker 3: we are talking about the amount of force down into

717
00:35:50,719 --> 00:35:52,839
Speaker 3: the earth. So as G forces go up, you can

718
00:35:52,920 --> 00:35:57,960
Speaker 3: physically feel those forces pulling you down to the earth.

719
00:35:58,040 --> 00:36:00,799
Speaker 3: So when you're on a roller coaster, you're going up

720
00:36:01,120 --> 00:36:03,560
Speaker 3: and then you reach the top and then all of

721
00:36:03,600 --> 00:36:06,239
Speaker 3: a sudden you're flying down. This roller coaster, and you

722
00:36:06,280 --> 00:36:10,800
Speaker 3: can feel yourself being lifted and pushed down and everything

723
00:36:10,840 --> 00:36:14,680
Speaker 3: in between. Those are G forces, and so you can

724
00:36:14,800 --> 00:36:18,880
Speaker 3: feel G forces on your body when you're in certain circumstances.

725
00:36:18,920 --> 00:36:20,719
Speaker 3: So when you're just standing still, you just have one

726
00:36:20,719 --> 00:36:22,520
Speaker 3: G acting on you, but then when you're on a

727
00:36:22,600 --> 00:36:25,080
Speaker 3: roller coaster, you might have three, four or five g's

728
00:36:25,120 --> 00:36:25,920
Speaker 3: pushing you down.

729
00:36:26,200 --> 00:36:28,560
Speaker 2: I didn't know these athletes were going through so much

730
00:36:28,640 --> 00:36:31,640
Speaker 2: trauma at the bottom of those halfpipes. Sean White made

731
00:36:31,680 --> 00:36:32,680
Speaker 2: it look so easy.

732
00:36:34,280 --> 00:36:36,960
Speaker 3: Yeah, they might be having fun, but I mean some

733
00:36:37,000 --> 00:36:38,600
Speaker 3: of this just it just doesn't seem right.

734
00:36:38,760 --> 00:36:42,440
Speaker 2: And so what about as you're going into all those turns,

735
00:36:42,760 --> 00:36:44,600
Speaker 2: what part of your body is absorbing all of that?

736
00:36:44,960 --> 00:36:45,640
Speaker 2: Is it your core?

737
00:36:46,120 --> 00:36:49,440
Speaker 5: They try to stabilize through the trunk, but then their

738
00:36:49,520 --> 00:36:53,239
Speaker 5: hips and knees are primarily the ones that are managing

739
00:36:53,280 --> 00:36:55,880
Speaker 5: that energy. Because you know, with the downhill scares that

740
00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:58,400
Speaker 5: the ankles fixed because of the boot, so the ankle

741
00:36:58,520 --> 00:37:01,360
Speaker 5: kind of gets thrown out. It can't do very much

742
00:37:01,400 --> 00:37:05,000
Speaker 5: for you. So then that actually increases how demanding it

743
00:37:05,040 --> 00:37:07,600
Speaker 5: is to their knees and hips, primarily because they try

744
00:37:07,640 --> 00:37:10,360
Speaker 5: to keep that trunk nice and stable, I would.

745
00:37:10,200 --> 00:37:21,800
Speaker 2: Fold like or a Gammi baby, Okay, it would be over. Well,

746
00:37:21,960 --> 00:37:24,040
Speaker 2: I'm looking forward to the rest of the Olympics. I

747
00:37:24,040 --> 00:37:26,759
Speaker 2: feel like I have a new appreciation, a new understanding

748
00:37:27,080 --> 00:37:30,600
Speaker 2: for what's happening. So I'm looking with fresh eyes.

749
00:37:30,800 --> 00:37:32,280
Speaker 1: Yes myself included.

750
00:37:32,400 --> 00:37:34,440
Speaker 3: I mean, I feel like I understand the physics, but

751
00:37:34,560 --> 00:37:38,040
Speaker 3: now after all of the gems that doctor Nymphius dropped

752
00:37:38,040 --> 00:37:41,160
Speaker 3: on us, I feel like now I can really really

753
00:37:41,200 --> 00:37:41,920
Speaker 3: appreciate it.

754
00:37:51,160 --> 00:37:54,120
Speaker 1: Att n Zakiya. This is Letitia, one of your loyal

755
00:37:54,160 --> 00:37:56,640
Speaker 1: listeners since the very beginning.

756
00:37:57,000 --> 00:38:02,279
Speaker 2: Happy fiftieth episode and hopefully have five hundred more.

757
00:38:02,640 --> 00:38:03,640
Speaker 5: TT and Zekiya.

758
00:38:03,719 --> 00:38:06,920
Speaker 2: What's good. It's your a one day one listener, Kiarana

759
00:38:07,120 --> 00:38:10,960
Speaker 2: rocking with you. Congratulations on your fiftieth episode.

760
00:38:11,120 --> 00:38:12,280
Speaker 5: Hey, t T and Seqia.

761
00:38:12,400 --> 00:38:15,400
Speaker 4: It's Cole from the Disect podcast. I just wanted to

762
00:38:15,440 --> 00:38:18,279
Speaker 4: congratulate you on your fiftieth episode.

763
00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:20,920
Speaker 2: Absolutely amazing. Hi, t T and Zekiah.

764
00:38:21,000 --> 00:38:24,080
Speaker 4: This is Miguel and Reuss out from Los Angeles, California.

765
00:38:24,160 --> 00:38:28,520
Speaker 4: Congratulations on heading your fiftieth episode of Dope Loves. Please

766
00:38:28,560 --> 00:38:31,080
Speaker 4: continue bringing out the inner scientists and everyone in a

767
00:38:31,120 --> 00:38:31,600
Speaker 4: dope way.

768
00:38:32,280 --> 00:38:32,880
Speaker 5: We love you.

769
00:38:33,520 --> 00:38:35,880
Speaker 4: Hope, hope.

770
00:38:43,920 --> 00:38:46,640
Speaker 2: That's it for Lab fifty. Now I want to know

771
00:38:46,680 --> 00:38:49,200
Speaker 2: from you. Did you learn anything new about winter sports?

772
00:38:49,239 --> 00:38:52,080
Speaker 2: Are there any sports that you're looking at differently? Call

773
00:38:52,160 --> 00:38:54,520
Speaker 2: us at two O two five six seven seven zero

774
00:38:54,560 --> 00:38:56,799
Speaker 2: two eight and tell us what you thought or if

775
00:38:56,840 --> 00:38:58,239
Speaker 2: you have an idea for a lap we should do

776
00:38:58,320 --> 00:39:00,879
Speaker 2: the semester tell us that too. We really love hearing

777
00:39:00,880 --> 00:39:03,359
Speaker 2: from you. That's two O two five six seven seven

778
00:39:03,480 --> 00:39:04,360
Speaker 2: zero two eight.

779
00:39:04,239 --> 00:39:06,560
Speaker 3: And don't forget there's so much more for you to

780
00:39:06,560 --> 00:39:08,799
Speaker 3: dig into on our website. There will be a cheat

781
00:39:08,840 --> 00:39:11,880
Speaker 3: cheet there for today's lab and additional links and resources

782
00:39:11,880 --> 00:39:14,000
Speaker 3: in the show notes. Plus, you can sign up for

783
00:39:14,040 --> 00:39:17,480
Speaker 3: our newsletter, so check it out at Dope labspodcast dot com.

784
00:39:17,680 --> 00:39:21,600
Speaker 3: Special thanks to today's guest expert, doctor Sophia Nymphias.

785
00:39:21,719 --> 00:39:24,640
Speaker 2: You can find and follow her on Twitter at dot

786
00:39:24,760 --> 00:39:27,960
Speaker 2: so That's a doc s O. P h.

787
00:39:28,440 --> 00:39:30,919
Speaker 3: You can find us on Twitter and Instagram at Dope

788
00:39:31,000 --> 00:39:32,200
Speaker 3: Labs Podcast.

789
00:39:31,920 --> 00:39:35,800
Speaker 2: And TT's on Twitter and Instagram at dr Underscore t Sho.

790
00:39:36,200 --> 00:39:39,239
Speaker 3: And you can find Zakia on Twitter and Instagram at

791
00:39:39,360 --> 00:39:43,320
Speaker 3: z said So. Dope Labs is a Spotify original production

792
00:39:43,480 --> 00:39:44,800
Speaker 3: from Mega ownmedia group.

793
00:39:45,000 --> 00:39:47,880
Speaker 2: Our producers are Jenny Radlett, Mask and Lydia Smith of

794
00:39:47,960 --> 00:39:49,160
Speaker 2: WaveRunner Studios.

795
00:39:49,360 --> 00:39:52,759
Speaker 1: Editing and sound design by Rob Smerciak.

796
00:39:52,239 --> 00:39:53,840
Speaker 2: Mixing by Hannes Brown.

797
00:39:54,120 --> 00:39:57,960
Speaker 3: Original music composed and produced by Taka Yasuzawa and Alex

798
00:39:58,040 --> 00:40:03,799
Speaker 3: Sugier from Spotify. Creative producers Candice Manriquez Wren and Corinne Gilliard.

799
00:40:04,120 --> 00:40:08,560
Speaker 3: Special thanks to Shirley Ramos, yasmin A Fifi camu Elolia,

800
00:40:09,040 --> 00:40:12,719
Speaker 3: Till krat Key and Brian Marquis. Executive producers from Mega

801
00:40:12,760 --> 00:40:15,440
Speaker 3: Oh Media Group, r us T T Show, Dia and

802
00:40:15,560 --> 00:40:19,520
Speaker 3: Zakiah Wattley.

803
00:40:29,200 --> 00:40:30,959
Speaker 1: What ankle exercises are they doing?

804
00:40:31,280 --> 00:40:33,320
Speaker 2: I don't know, but you know I don't have strong ankles.

805
00:40:34,440 --> 00:40:36,319
Speaker 3: The last time I went ice skating, I was like,

806
00:40:36,800 --> 00:40:40,360
Speaker 3: something's wrong with my skates. My ankles are hurting, and

807
00:40:40,400 --> 00:40:43,440
Speaker 3: so I took the skates back and I was like,

808
00:40:43,640 --> 00:40:46,319
Speaker 3: can I exchange these because something's not right with these ones?

809
00:40:46,360 --> 00:40:49,120
Speaker 1: If they're really hurting my feet. No, girl, You're just

810
00:40:49,280 --> 00:40:49,520
Speaker 1: weak