1 00:00:15,316 --> 00:00:23,196 Speaker 1: Pushkin at the Lyceum Theater in London's fashionable West End. 2 00:00:24,276 --> 00:00:28,116 Speaker 1: The lamp's dim and a hush falls over the audience. 3 00:00:30,156 --> 00:00:34,476 Speaker 1: These spectators have come to see Richard Mansfield's celebrated performance 4 00:00:34,996 --> 00:00:38,436 Speaker 1: in the strange case of Doctor Jekyll and mister Hyde. 5 00:00:39,196 --> 00:00:42,996 Speaker 1: I have destroyed the balance of my soul. The evil 6 00:00:43,076 --> 00:00:48,956 Speaker 1: power within me has masterly. Mansfield stars as Henry Jekyll, 7 00:00:49,396 --> 00:00:53,396 Speaker 1: a respectable doctor who has secretly developed a potion that 8 00:00:53,476 --> 00:00:57,996 Speaker 1: allows him to transform into the malevolent and murderous Edward Hyde. 9 00:00:59,076 --> 00:01:04,716 Speaker 1: It is Hide now that controls Jekyl, not Jekyl. Hide. 10 00:01:05,796 --> 00:01:10,596 Speaker 1: His metamorphosis from the upright doctor Jack into the stooped 11 00:01:10,676 --> 00:01:17,116 Speaker 1: mister Hyde is astonishing. He contorts his body and facial expressions. 12 00:01:18,076 --> 00:01:22,436 Speaker 1: He changes his voice and his gait too. Mister Mansfield 13 00:01:22,476 --> 00:01:26,996 Speaker 1: contrives the marvelous transformation with wonderful adrogness. The change is 14 00:01:27,036 --> 00:01:31,356 Speaker 1: amazing in its completeness and rapidity. This is a masterful 15 00:01:31,396 --> 00:01:34,716 Speaker 1: piece of deception. Men are said to shudder at the 16 00:01:34,796 --> 00:01:39,556 Speaker 1: fearsome spectacle, women to faint and be carried from the theater. 17 00:01:41,236 --> 00:01:44,236 Speaker 1: But as the play continues its run into Autumn eighteen 18 00:01:44,276 --> 00:01:50,276 Speaker 1: eighty eight, dark clouds gather over the production. Women are 19 00:01:50,316 --> 00:01:53,996 Speaker 1: being murdered on the streets of Whitechapel, and to some 20 00:01:54,796 --> 00:02:02,356 Speaker 1: Mansfield's genius for disguising himself arouses suspicion. After Kate Edos 21 00:02:02,396 --> 00:02:06,596 Speaker 1: and Elizabeth Stride are killed, a troubled citizen addresses his 22 00:02:06,676 --> 00:02:11,876 Speaker 1: concerns directly to the police. Dear sir, when I went 23 00:02:11,916 --> 00:02:14,236 Speaker 1: to see mister Mansfield take the part of doctor Jekyl 24 00:02:14,276 --> 00:02:16,796 Speaker 1: and mister Hyde, I felt at once that he was 25 00:02:16,836 --> 00:02:19,116 Speaker 1: the man wanted, and I've not been able to get 26 00:02:19,116 --> 00:02:23,316 Speaker 1: this feeling out of my head destroyed. I do not 27 00:02:23,436 --> 00:02:25,716 Speaker 1: think there is a man living so well able to 28 00:02:25,756 --> 00:02:30,476 Speaker 1: disguise himself in a moment. It appears that the police 29 00:02:30,516 --> 00:02:34,516 Speaker 1: didn't take this writer seriously, but his fears underline something 30 00:02:34,556 --> 00:02:37,516 Speaker 1: that's come to define the Ripper story and seen it 31 00:02:37,596 --> 00:02:42,676 Speaker 1: become ever more grotesque, a tangling of fact with fiction 32 00:02:43,796 --> 00:02:56,676 Speaker 1: and confusion about where reality ends and artifice begins. I'm 33 00:02:56,716 --> 00:03:01,756 Speaker 1: Hallie rubbin Holt. You're listening to Bad Women. The Ripper Retold, 34 00:03:02,516 --> 00:03:05,516 Speaker 1: a series about the real lives of the women killed 35 00:03:05,556 --> 00:03:08,676 Speaker 1: by Jack the Ripper and how we got their stories 36 00:03:09,316 --> 00:03:18,836 Speaker 1: so wrong. One side, money Plenty and friends too by 37 00:03:19,156 --> 00:03:28,756 Speaker 1: the score. Then fortune smile upon me. Now one pass 38 00:03:29,036 --> 00:03:45,356 Speaker 1: my dome Alney, I'm not with her. Fla seems to lonely. 39 00:03:46,236 --> 00:03:59,636 Speaker 1: One come free for Rokcome to watch up murders latest details. 40 00:04:03,916 --> 00:04:09,836 Speaker 1: In October eighteen eighty eight, the rippers murderous activities seemed 41 00:04:09,876 --> 00:04:17,716 Speaker 1: to cease, but White Chapel did not go quiet. Interest 42 00:04:17,756 --> 00:04:21,476 Speaker 1: in the killings thrived, and the atmosphere in the East 43 00:04:21,596 --> 00:04:27,396 Speaker 1: End seems to have been almost carnivalesque. Rubber Necking Londoners 44 00:04:27,556 --> 00:04:31,756 Speaker 1: filled the streets, speculating on the whereabouts of the murderer 45 00:04:32,436 --> 00:04:37,436 Speaker 1: and hoping to glimpse his crime scenes. On the outskirts 46 00:04:37,436 --> 00:04:41,876 Speaker 1: of this vast chattering excited assemblage of humanity. Cost among us, 47 00:04:41,996 --> 00:04:44,596 Speaker 1: who sold everything in the way of edibles, from fish 48 00:04:44,636 --> 00:04:48,716 Speaker 1: and bread to fruits and sweets, and newspaper vendors whose 49 00:04:48,716 --> 00:04:51,716 Speaker 1: hoarse cries only added to the confusion of sounds heard 50 00:04:51,756 --> 00:04:57,076 Speaker 1: on every hand, were doing exceedingly large trades. People from 51 00:04:57,196 --> 00:05:01,876 Speaker 1: far beyond Whitechapel were also mobilizing to satisfy their appetites 52 00:05:01,916 --> 00:05:05,316 Speaker 1: for the macabre. Apparently, the denizens of West London have 53 00:05:05,476 --> 00:05:07,596 Speaker 1: begun to take a lively interest in the doings of 54 00:05:07,596 --> 00:05:10,516 Speaker 1: the Whitechapel murderer. A very large number of cabs and 55 00:05:10,596 --> 00:05:14,996 Speaker 1: private carriages containing sightseers have visited the scenes of the tragedies. 56 00:05:15,956 --> 00:05:20,476 Speaker 1: Cottage industries sprang up to accommodate these strangers, as locals 57 00:05:20,516 --> 00:05:25,596 Speaker 1: transformed their homes into miniature theaters, where for a fee 58 00:05:25,876 --> 00:05:29,156 Speaker 1: one might watch the hustle and bustle of Whitechapel unfold 59 00:05:29,796 --> 00:05:34,956 Speaker 1: and potentially its more sinister goings on too. Every window 60 00:05:35,036 --> 00:05:38,036 Speaker 1: of every inhabited room in the vicinity was thrown open, 61 00:05:38,236 --> 00:05:41,156 Speaker 1: and seats at these windows were being openly sold and 62 00:05:41,316 --> 00:05:45,916 Speaker 1: eagerly bought. In the eighteen eighties, the practice of slumming 63 00:05:46,116 --> 00:05:49,636 Speaker 1: had grown in popularity. Members of the wealthier, middle and 64 00:05:49,796 --> 00:05:53,916 Speaker 1: upper classes would visit impoverished neighborhoods in order to learn 65 00:05:53,956 --> 00:05:58,676 Speaker 1: how their social inferiors lived. In some cases, these visits 66 00:05:58,716 --> 00:06:04,196 Speaker 1: were motivated by altruism, but others simply sought a cheap thrill. 67 00:06:05,076 --> 00:06:08,556 Speaker 1: The horrors they brushed by threw into more brilliant relief 68 00:06:08,596 --> 00:06:11,676 Speaker 1: the dane tenus of their own fair surroundings. Because a 69 00:06:11,756 --> 00:06:17,436 Speaker 1: morbid curiosity craved the stronger sensations of real abominations, the 70 00:06:17,516 --> 00:06:21,036 Speaker 1: Ripper murders, it seems, did nothing to deter the popularity 71 00:06:21,036 --> 00:06:25,596 Speaker 1: of London's East End as a destination for slumming. From 72 00:06:25,756 --> 00:06:30,516 Speaker 1: organized tours to rented rooms transformed ad hoc into viewing platforms, 73 00:06:30,876 --> 00:06:38,436 Speaker 1: Ripper commerce was energetically underway. Victorian culture was very vigorous, 74 00:06:38,516 --> 00:06:42,276 Speaker 1: and it could take any event, any sensational event, and 75 00:06:42,436 --> 00:06:46,156 Speaker 1: transform it into a kind of cultural experience. That's writer 76 00:06:46,276 --> 00:06:50,316 Speaker 1: and historian Matthew Sweet. Murderers always end up the subject 77 00:06:50,396 --> 00:06:54,036 Speaker 1: of songs or little melodramas or plays. In the case 78 00:06:54,116 --> 00:06:56,956 Speaker 1: of the Jack the Ripper murders, these were pretty soon 79 00:06:57,276 --> 00:07:04,036 Speaker 1: processed into well a waxwork entertainment. Sculpting famous faces in 80 00:07:04,116 --> 00:07:07,356 Speaker 1: wax was a popular way to part Victorians with their money, 81 00:07:07,796 --> 00:07:11,876 Speaker 1: and notorious villain housed in chambers of horror or particular 82 00:07:11,916 --> 00:07:17,876 Speaker 1: crowd pleasers, all kinds of monstrosities inside, only a penny 83 00:07:18,036 --> 00:07:21,996 Speaker 1: for admission. This was not lost on the Whitechapel entrepreneur 84 00:07:22,036 --> 00:07:26,116 Speaker 1: and showman Thomas Berry. Just a couple of years previously, 85 00:07:26,276 --> 00:07:30,156 Speaker 1: a man named Joseph Merrick, who suffered extensive tissue over growth, 86 00:07:30,316 --> 00:07:33,036 Speaker 1: had been exhibited in a shop on the Whitechapel Road, 87 00:07:33,396 --> 00:07:38,196 Speaker 1: under his theatrical superque The Elephant Man. So the neighborhood 88 00:07:38,196 --> 00:07:41,556 Speaker 1: was no stranger to trading on the monstrous, and Barry 89 00:07:41,756 --> 00:07:46,716 Speaker 1: seems to have recognized its business potential. Can I see 90 00:07:46,716 --> 00:07:50,796 Speaker 1: the amazing bearded lady? At his show? The curious could 91 00:07:50,796 --> 00:07:55,396 Speaker 1: reportedly meet a champion female boxer, marvel at a woman 92 00:07:55,436 --> 00:07:59,436 Speaker 1: who ate nearly six hundred pounds, and gape at a 93 00:07:59,516 --> 00:08:03,276 Speaker 1: bearded lady said to be half gorilla, or for just 94 00:08:03,396 --> 00:08:07,236 Speaker 1: a penny. But these weren't the only women on display. 95 00:08:08,036 --> 00:08:11,716 Speaker 1: Berry added wax simulations of the Whitechapel murder victims to 96 00:08:11,796 --> 00:08:17,236 Speaker 1: his Learned Museum, Apparently murder by murder. Polly Nichol's inclusion 97 00:08:17,316 --> 00:08:20,276 Speaker 1: in the gruesome display was followed by a mannequin of 98 00:08:20,316 --> 00:08:23,876 Speaker 1: Annie Chapman less than five days after she was killed. 99 00:08:24,876 --> 00:08:30,036 Speaker 1: Long rows of vilely executed waxen figures and plaster busts 100 00:08:30,076 --> 00:08:33,836 Speaker 1: propped up, some upright summer skew against either wall of 101 00:08:33,836 --> 00:08:36,956 Speaker 1: the showroom, rigged out in the refuse of a petticoat 102 00:08:36,996 --> 00:08:43,276 Speaker 1: Lane old clothes shop. Apparently Barry's macabre effigies weren't very lifelike. 103 00:08:43,796 --> 00:08:47,956 Speaker 1: One newspaper suggested that Some of the sadly mutilated figures 104 00:08:48,276 --> 00:08:53,116 Speaker 1: had been recycled from previous exhibits. These horrible objects are 105 00:08:53,116 --> 00:08:56,956 Speaker 1: like nothing that ever lived or died, said a journalist 106 00:08:56,956 --> 00:08:59,036 Speaker 1: who paid the show a visit. They can only be 107 00:08:59,116 --> 00:09:02,756 Speaker 1: compared to the visionary offspring of an uncommonly severe nightmare, 108 00:09:03,436 --> 00:09:08,596 Speaker 1: unearthly combinations of hideous waxen masks and shapeless bundles of rags. 109 00:09:09,316 --> 00:09:11,756 Speaker 1: One of them is blotched with dabs of red ochre, 110 00:09:12,156 --> 00:09:18,476 Speaker 1: indicative of the unknown assassin's butcherly handiwork. Barry's gruesome showmanship 111 00:09:18,636 --> 00:09:23,276 Speaker 1: extended out into the street, too. Gaudy Placart's tempted passers 112 00:09:23,276 --> 00:09:27,076 Speaker 1: by with the promise of further horrors inside his establishment. 113 00:09:27,836 --> 00:09:30,836 Speaker 1: The prominent feature was that they were plentifully besmeared with 114 00:09:30,956 --> 00:09:36,876 Speaker 1: red paint, this, of course, representing wounds and blood. Barry's 115 00:09:36,876 --> 00:09:41,196 Speaker 1: neighbors weren't all in support of his business venture. Some 116 00:09:41,276 --> 00:09:44,596 Speaker 1: reports suggest that a large and outraged crowd assembled to 117 00:09:44,596 --> 00:09:47,516 Speaker 1: tear his posters down. Suppose you are all englishmen and 118 00:09:47,596 --> 00:09:50,476 Speaker 1: women here, then do you think it right that that 119 00:09:50,516 --> 00:09:53,716 Speaker 1: picture should be exhibited in the public streets? Before The 120 00:09:53,756 --> 00:10:00,476 Speaker 1: woman's body is hardly cold, shame. Others claim that they 121 00:10:00,476 --> 00:10:04,236 Speaker 1: were removed by the police. Barry himself went on trial 122 00:10:04,316 --> 00:10:07,436 Speaker 1: for filling the White Chapel Road with visitors and thereby 123 00:10:07,476 --> 00:10:12,156 Speaker 1: causing a public nuisance. Still the waxworks remained on display 124 00:10:12,196 --> 00:10:18,276 Speaker 1: for months. Morbid fascination underpinned Barry's business, which was nothing 125 00:10:18,316 --> 00:10:22,396 Speaker 1: new for the Victorians. In fact, certain murderers achieved a 126 00:10:22,476 --> 00:10:26,836 Speaker 1: kind of sinister celebrity. Broadside ballads of the kind sung 127 00:10:26,876 --> 00:10:30,436 Speaker 1: by Kate Edos had long recounted the diabolical deeds of 128 00:10:30,476 --> 00:10:33,676 Speaker 1: criminals or repeated the remorseful confessions they made In the 129 00:10:33,716 --> 00:10:39,036 Speaker 1: shadows of the gallows I murdered I once did love 130 00:10:39,796 --> 00:10:46,876 Speaker 1: Harriet Seager. Some Victorian true crime enthusiasts even collected novelty 131 00:10:46,956 --> 00:10:51,556 Speaker 1: porcelain figures of well known murderers, displaying them on the mantelpieces. 132 00:10:52,036 --> 00:10:55,876 Speaker 1: But the Rippercase was of course different because it has 133 00:10:55,996 --> 00:11:00,156 Speaker 1: no personality like that to organize itself around, so it's 134 00:11:00,236 --> 00:11:03,956 Speaker 1: robbed of something. There's no star as it were in 135 00:11:03,996 --> 00:11:08,476 Speaker 1: this show. There's no murderer for people to feel sentimental about, 136 00:11:08,636 --> 00:11:13,196 Speaker 1: or to letters of proposition to while they're awaiting execution. 137 00:11:14,556 --> 00:11:18,356 Speaker 1: As October eighteen eighty eight ruled on. Frenzied journalists and 138 00:11:18,476 --> 00:11:22,556 Speaker 1: anxious readers continued to propose theories about the killer's identity. 139 00:11:23,076 --> 00:11:25,956 Speaker 1: The Daily News says that some time ago, Texas was 140 00:11:25,996 --> 00:11:29,556 Speaker 1: horrified by a similar series of murders. They have ceased. 141 00:11:30,156 --> 00:11:33,396 Speaker 1: Perhaps the murderer has crossed the Atlantic and renewed his 142 00:11:33,516 --> 00:11:38,916 Speaker 1: experiments in Whitechapel. A surgical theory comes from Paris that 143 00:11:39,036 --> 00:11:42,716 Speaker 1: the murderer is a fanatical vivisectionist and disciple of Perkle, 144 00:11:42,916 --> 00:11:47,276 Speaker 1: the German naturalist. The Burke and Hair theory that the 145 00:11:47,356 --> 00:11:51,796 Speaker 1: murderer is employed to get anatomical specimens for some experimentalist, 146 00:11:53,276 --> 00:11:57,076 Speaker 1: the Jekyll and Hide theory that the murderer lives two 147 00:11:57,156 --> 00:12:00,996 Speaker 1: lives and inhabits two houses or two sets of rooms. 148 00:12:02,556 --> 00:12:06,036 Speaker 1: The killer was a cipher avoid into which fears and 149 00:12:06,156 --> 00:12:09,956 Speaker 1: fantasies might be projected, some of which have exerted an 150 00:12:10,036 --> 00:12:14,716 Speaker 1: enduring influence over the story. Take the idea that Richard Mansfield, 151 00:12:14,876 --> 00:12:18,476 Speaker 1: the star of Jaqueline Hyde, was the killer. Polite society 152 00:12:18,596 --> 00:12:21,676 Speaker 1: was not entirely at ease with the notion of slumming, 153 00:12:22,196 --> 00:12:25,996 Speaker 1: and there was a powerful fear that seemingly respectable gentlemen 154 00:12:26,196 --> 00:12:30,596 Speaker 1: might surrender to their basest urges. In the debauched surroundings 155 00:12:30,596 --> 00:12:35,196 Speaker 1: of Whitechapel, a west End doctor Jekyll might so easily 156 00:12:35,236 --> 00:12:40,236 Speaker 1: become an East End mister Hyde, and doctors in particular 157 00:12:40,316 --> 00:12:44,796 Speaker 1: were viewed with suspicion. Far from being beneficent healers. In 158 00:12:44,876 --> 00:12:49,076 Speaker 1: the popular imagination, medics were often seen as scalpel happy, 159 00:12:49,156 --> 00:12:53,516 Speaker 1: sadists or obsessives, driven to ghastly extremes to further the 160 00:12:53,676 --> 00:12:56,876 Speaker 1: medical knowledge. When it was suggested to the police that 161 00:12:56,916 --> 00:13:00,436 Speaker 1: the killer of Polly Nichols required some anatomical knowledge to 162 00:13:00,476 --> 00:13:04,396 Speaker 1: inflict the wounds as he did, it reinforced the widespread 163 00:13:04,476 --> 00:13:08,876 Speaker 1: sentiment that an educated medical man could easily be the murderer. 164 00:13:09,516 --> 00:13:13,676 Speaker 1: That way of seeing the ripper as a respectable person 165 00:13:13,836 --> 00:13:16,916 Speaker 1: who transforms into a monster to commit these crimes is 166 00:13:16,956 --> 00:13:20,236 Speaker 1: something that the case has never really shaken off. So 167 00:13:20,276 --> 00:13:23,796 Speaker 1: I think in a way, the ripper has never escaped 168 00:13:23,996 --> 00:13:26,716 Speaker 1: doctor Jekyll, and in a way, doctor Jekl has always 169 00:13:26,756 --> 00:13:31,876 Speaker 1: been sort of one of the suspects. The ripper retold, 170 00:13:31,956 --> 00:13:46,276 Speaker 1: we'll be back in just a moment. The days of 171 00:13:46,316 --> 00:13:49,876 Speaker 1: October eighteen eighty eight ticked by with no further murders, 172 00:13:50,556 --> 00:13:54,836 Speaker 1: but interest in the case reached fever pitch. It was 173 00:13:54,956 --> 00:13:58,876 Speaker 1: during these weeks that the infamous from Hell letter was received, 174 00:13:59,556 --> 00:14:03,116 Speaker 1: along with the human kidney that had supposedly been removed 175 00:14:03,156 --> 00:14:07,676 Speaker 1: from kate Edos. This mailing was most likely a sick 176 00:14:07,756 --> 00:14:11,196 Speaker 1: hoax that had added yet more fueled the raging fire 177 00:14:11,276 --> 00:14:15,236 Speaker 1: of public interest. Everyone seemed to have an opinion on 178 00:14:15,356 --> 00:14:19,396 Speaker 1: how to end the killings. It is suggested that the 179 00:14:19,436 --> 00:14:23,036 Speaker 1: whitechapple prostitutes should walk in couples and that every street 180 00:14:23,076 --> 00:14:28,076 Speaker 1: walker should carry a pistol. Journalists and newspaper readers seemed 181 00:14:28,196 --> 00:14:30,756 Speaker 1: united in the view that the police needed to raise 182 00:14:30,796 --> 00:14:34,156 Speaker 1: their game and shared suggestions on how h division could 183 00:14:34,196 --> 00:14:37,796 Speaker 1: remedy its lack of success. In certain parts of London. 184 00:14:37,956 --> 00:14:40,476 Speaker 1: Every policeman ought to have the right of stopping and 185 00:14:40,556 --> 00:14:44,156 Speaker 1: searching anyone to see if he carries a knife. Another 186 00:14:44,236 --> 00:14:46,476 Speaker 1: idea is to draw a line round the area of 187 00:14:46,476 --> 00:14:50,156 Speaker 1: the murders, constitute a number of temporary police stations, and 188 00:14:50,236 --> 00:14:53,196 Speaker 1: make every man living in the area report himself before 189 00:14:53,276 --> 00:14:59,516 Speaker 1: going to bed. These suggestions varied in their seriousness. Policemen 190 00:14:59,556 --> 00:15:02,636 Speaker 1: have mostly big feet, where thick boots and have a 191 00:15:02,716 --> 00:15:05,636 Speaker 1: heavy tread. If they wore rubber shoes, they might come 192 00:15:05,676 --> 00:15:10,276 Speaker 1: on the murderer unawares. Policemen should disguise themselves as women 193 00:15:10,476 --> 00:15:14,436 Speaker 1: and act as decoys, though the policemen say they have 194 00:15:14,636 --> 00:15:18,836 Speaker 1: beards and bass voices fatuous or not. What all these 195 00:15:18,836 --> 00:15:24,076 Speaker 1: critiques pointed to was growing unease. No culprit had been apprehended, 196 00:15:24,476 --> 00:15:27,516 Speaker 1: and few trusted that the lull and the murders would last. 197 00:15:27,876 --> 00:15:30,676 Speaker 1: Could the police actually be relied upon to make the 198 00:15:30,716 --> 00:15:34,916 Speaker 1: streets safe again? Sir? It was estimated in New York 199 00:15:35,236 --> 00:15:39,396 Speaker 1: that every electric street lamp saved one policeman and was 200 00:15:39,556 --> 00:15:45,796 Speaker 1: less expensive to maintain. The East End's inhabitants were in 201 00:15:45,916 --> 00:15:49,636 Speaker 1: no mood to await improved street lighting. They were taking 202 00:15:49,676 --> 00:15:52,796 Speaker 1: matters into their own hands. There was a move to 203 00:15:52,836 --> 00:15:56,516 Speaker 1: bring vulnerable women indoors during the hours of darkness, and 204 00:15:56,596 --> 00:16:00,556 Speaker 1: a number of charitable groups opened temporary refugees throughout White Chapel. 205 00:16:00,996 --> 00:16:04,876 Speaker 1: Female residents avoided, if possible, venturing out at night and 206 00:16:04,956 --> 00:16:08,716 Speaker 1: took in friends who didn't have lodgings. One woman, a 207 00:16:08,796 --> 00:16:12,356 Speaker 1: sex worker called Mary jen Kelly, began offering sanctuary to 208 00:16:12,436 --> 00:16:15,596 Speaker 1: acquaintances in the trade She invited them to stay with 209 00:16:15,636 --> 00:16:19,436 Speaker 1: her in her tiny room at thirteen Miller's Court, right 210 00:16:19,556 --> 00:16:25,676 Speaker 1: in the heart of the rippers killing ground. The Whitechapel 211 00:16:25,796 --> 00:16:30,956 Speaker 1: Vigilance Committee, a recently founded neighborhood watch group, continued its activities. 212 00:16:31,356 --> 00:16:34,796 Speaker 1: The Daily Telegraph reported that this band of tradesmen, which 213 00:16:34,796 --> 00:16:37,156 Speaker 1: held meetings by night in a room above a pub, 214 00:16:37,596 --> 00:16:41,836 Speaker 1: had two key objectives. First, they wished to publish far 215 00:16:41,916 --> 00:16:45,676 Speaker 1: and wide their disagreement with the authorities handling of the investigation. 216 00:16:46,236 --> 00:16:49,036 Speaker 1: With pen and ink, they drafted a flurry of angry 217 00:16:49,116 --> 00:16:54,396 Speaker 1: letters and petitions. Second, with cudgels and whistles, they patrolled 218 00:16:54,436 --> 00:16:57,156 Speaker 1: the district in the dead of night, hoping to catch 219 00:16:57,196 --> 00:17:01,596 Speaker 1: the criminal of themselves. Some press reports hint that the 220 00:17:01,636 --> 00:17:05,356 Speaker 1: constables of h Division took a dim view of these vigilantes, 221 00:17:05,636 --> 00:17:10,236 Speaker 1: warning that should these zealous amateurs accost respectable citizens by mistake, 222 00:17:10,516 --> 00:17:14,796 Speaker 1: they'd be in trouble. But despite all the activity, the 223 00:17:14,916 --> 00:17:21,476 Speaker 1: killer still roamed free. Criticism of Scotland Yards inadequacies only increased. 224 00:17:21,956 --> 00:17:25,396 Speaker 1: The Palmell Gazette, a paper run by the campaigning reformer 225 00:17:25,476 --> 00:17:29,556 Speaker 1: WT Stead, led the charge, blasting the police force for 226 00:17:29,636 --> 00:17:33,796 Speaker 1: its failures. London is the greatest city in the world, 227 00:17:34,276 --> 00:17:38,396 Speaker 1: yet her detectives are at fault, utterly and apparently hopelessly, 228 00:17:38,476 --> 00:17:41,316 Speaker 1: at fault because of this, because of that, because of 229 00:17:41,316 --> 00:17:44,636 Speaker 1: the other. For there are as many explanations as there 230 00:17:44,676 --> 00:17:50,596 Speaker 1: are explainers. There were rumors that the police force was 231 00:17:50,676 --> 00:17:54,636 Speaker 1: turning on its own commissioner, Sir Charles Warren. This in 232 00:17:54,716 --> 00:17:58,756 Speaker 1: fighting was reported on as far afield as Chicago. Warrem 233 00:17:58,796 --> 00:18:01,956 Speaker 1: pays no attention to the public clamor for his resignation. 234 00:18:02,636 --> 00:18:06,116 Speaker 1: He suspects, and probably with good reason, members of his 235 00:18:06,196 --> 00:18:09,636 Speaker 1: own force with writing letters to the newspapers about him, 236 00:18:09,796 --> 00:18:12,156 Speaker 1: and he has been making a big row about it. 237 00:18:12,836 --> 00:18:17,316 Speaker 1: And then matters took a strange twist. After the murders 238 00:18:17,316 --> 00:18:19,796 Speaker 1: of Elizabeth Stride and Kate Edo's on the same night, 239 00:18:20,196 --> 00:18:23,636 Speaker 1: it was suggested that bloodhounds might help the police track 240 00:18:23,716 --> 00:18:28,596 Speaker 1: the White Chapel fiend. Dogbreeder Percy Lindley indorse the initiative 241 00:18:28,996 --> 00:18:32,396 Speaker 1: in a letter to the Times, though not without scoffing 242 00:18:32,436 --> 00:18:36,956 Speaker 1: at the police. There are doubtless owners of bloodhounds willing 243 00:18:36,956 --> 00:18:39,876 Speaker 1: to lend them if any of the police, which I 244 00:18:39,996 --> 00:18:44,316 Speaker 1: fear is improbable, know how to use them. Commissioner. Warren 245 00:18:44,476 --> 00:18:48,756 Speaker 1: saw Lindley's letter in the paper and hurriedly wrote to him, Sir, 246 00:18:48,956 --> 00:18:52,036 Speaker 1: on subject of bloodhounds, perhaps you could answer a question 247 00:18:52,076 --> 00:18:56,796 Speaker 1: I have put to many without satisfactory reply. Warren was interested, 248 00:18:57,156 --> 00:19:01,916 Speaker 1: but skeptical could bloodhounds really work on a busy London street. 249 00:19:02,516 --> 00:19:05,636 Speaker 1: Lindley was adamant that scenthounds could indeed track down the 250 00:19:05,676 --> 00:19:09,076 Speaker 1: culprit if they were able to reach the next crime scene. 251 00:19:09,116 --> 00:19:14,236 Speaker 1: Weakly enough, two dogs, Burgo and Barnaby, were obtained and 252 00:19:14,396 --> 00:19:19,836 Speaker 1: trialed in a London park. The papers, however, were derisive. 253 00:19:20,436 --> 00:19:24,796 Speaker 1: Shall jack the ripper's art surveil to battle Scotland yard forsooth? 254 00:19:25,196 --> 00:19:29,716 Speaker 1: Quick on the flying murderer's trail? Unleash the bloodhound truth? 255 00:19:30,276 --> 00:19:33,636 Speaker 1: The Palma Gazette published a ballad mocking the idea and 256 00:19:33,836 --> 00:19:38,196 Speaker 1: the hapless commissioner. Where'er he skulk in hovel pent or 257 00:19:38,276 --> 00:19:42,716 Speaker 1: through the street's red handed rome? I Charles, with sleuthhound 258 00:19:42,796 --> 00:19:48,276 Speaker 1: on the scent, will hunt the miscreant home. Within weeks, 259 00:19:48,316 --> 00:19:53,636 Speaker 1: the embattled Sir Charles Warren had tendered his resignation. Without 260 00:19:53,676 --> 00:19:58,796 Speaker 1: that atmosphere of failure that surrounds Scotland, yard in this period, 261 00:19:58,836 --> 00:20:03,836 Speaker 1: because it's perceived as politicized and incompetent. Historian Matthew Sweet Again, 262 00:20:04,076 --> 00:20:08,076 Speaker 1: then you don't get Sherlock Holmes and the detectives who 263 00:20:08,156 --> 00:20:12,036 Speaker 1: come after sort of riding to the rescue to tell us, well, 264 00:20:12,076 --> 00:20:15,676 Speaker 1: you can't rely on these people, these flat footed imbeciles. 265 00:20:16,036 --> 00:20:18,916 Speaker 1: You need to get some kind of human computer in 266 00:20:19,036 --> 00:20:22,836 Speaker 1: to solve these mysteries for you. The genius private detective 267 00:20:22,876 --> 00:20:26,716 Speaker 1: Sherlock Holmes made his literary debut the year before Polly 268 00:20:26,756 --> 00:20:29,716 Speaker 1: Nichols was murdered, but it was only after the vicious 269 00:20:29,716 --> 00:20:34,876 Speaker 1: and still unsolved Ripper killings that his popularity soared. Holmes 270 00:20:34,956 --> 00:20:39,796 Speaker 1: is a reassuring figure. Nobody has been prosecuted for these murders, 271 00:20:39,836 --> 00:20:45,556 Speaker 1: but Holmes can see everything. Holmes knows. The benighted police 272 00:20:45,596 --> 00:20:49,196 Speaker 1: were baffled by scant evidence and a cacophony of conflicting 273 00:20:49,236 --> 00:20:54,076 Speaker 1: witness statements. By contrast, the fictional Sherlock Holmes could read 274 00:20:54,156 --> 00:20:58,556 Speaker 1: the world around him with total clarity. Holmes turned each 275 00:20:58,636 --> 00:21:02,476 Speaker 1: clue and observation into a key to the mystery, a 276 00:21:02,636 --> 00:21:07,316 Speaker 1: process he referred to as deduction, the idea that you 277 00:21:07,316 --> 00:21:11,596 Speaker 1: can deduce something about a space in which a crime 278 00:21:11,636 --> 00:21:14,636 Speaker 1: has taken place, that you can look careful at the evidence. 279 00:21:14,836 --> 00:21:18,876 Speaker 1: You can take a scientific approach by forming hypotheses, testing them, 280 00:21:19,076 --> 00:21:22,276 Speaker 1: and rejecting them. This is I think a key shift 281 00:21:22,556 --> 00:21:27,076 Speaker 1: in the way that policing works. It becomes a more 282 00:21:27,116 --> 00:21:32,236 Speaker 1: intellectual occupation, the space for thinking in it, and there 283 00:21:32,356 --> 00:21:35,756 Speaker 1: is this class of detective who is supposed to be 284 00:21:35,836 --> 00:21:39,036 Speaker 1: able to engage with the world in this much more 285 00:21:39,036 --> 00:21:46,796 Speaker 1: sophisticated way. Holmes was ahead of his time. In fact, 286 00:21:47,116 --> 00:21:51,396 Speaker 1: decades later, the real life pioneer of forensic science, Edmund Lockhard, 287 00:21:51,716 --> 00:21:55,236 Speaker 1: instructed his students to read Sholock Holmes stories in order 288 00:21:55,276 --> 00:22:00,356 Speaker 1: to better understand key forensic principles. The fictional Holmes is 289 00:22:00,396 --> 00:22:04,676 Speaker 1: a first class chemist and publishes scientific papers. He gets 290 00:22:04,716 --> 00:22:08,356 Speaker 1: down on his hands and knees, measuring and collecting details 291 00:22:08,356 --> 00:22:12,676 Speaker 1: from crime scene. A fledgling forensic science existed before the 292 00:22:12,716 --> 00:22:16,196 Speaker 1: Holmes stories began appearing, but the novel's prefigure some of 293 00:22:16,236 --> 00:22:20,716 Speaker 1: its later developments, such as the revolutionary technique of fingerprinting 294 00:22:21,316 --> 00:22:25,276 Speaker 1: by a man's fingernails, by his coat sleeve, by his boots, 295 00:22:25,316 --> 00:22:28,156 Speaker 1: by his trouser and knees, by the colossities of his 296 00:22:28,236 --> 00:22:31,756 Speaker 1: forefinger and thumb. By each of these things, a man's 297 00:22:31,796 --> 00:22:35,836 Speaker 1: calling is plainly revealed. And only the second Holmes novel, 298 00:22:36,116 --> 00:22:38,796 Speaker 1: and perhaps in a swipe at Sir Charles Warren, the 299 00:22:38,916 --> 00:22:42,916 Speaker 1: master sleuth sends for a hunting dog, Toby, to help 300 00:22:42,996 --> 00:22:46,676 Speaker 1: track down a murderer. Holmes says he values the scruffyhound 301 00:22:47,076 --> 00:22:52,676 Speaker 1: more than the whole detective force in London. For Victorian readers, 302 00:22:52,676 --> 00:22:55,636 Speaker 1: then Shrlock Holmes was an antidote to the poison of 303 00:22:55,636 --> 00:22:59,516 Speaker 1: the Ripper murders, capable where the real police were bumbling, 304 00:22:59,956 --> 00:23:03,196 Speaker 1: clear eyed and logical, with the true crimes taking place 305 00:23:03,236 --> 00:23:08,356 Speaker 1: in white Shovel's stubbornly defied explanation. It's of little wonder, then, 306 00:23:08,596 --> 00:23:11,956 Speaker 1: that Shall Holmes has been called on several times to triumph. 307 00:23:11,996 --> 00:23:15,516 Speaker 1: Would the police failed and apprehend the killer? What was 308 00:23:15,556 --> 00:23:19,116 Speaker 1: the name of this unfortunate prostitute, Polly Nichols? How did 309 00:23:19,156 --> 00:23:21,916 Speaker 1: you know she was a prostitute? Take this nineteen sixty 310 00:23:21,916 --> 00:23:25,516 Speaker 1: five movie a study in terror. Holmes in his sidekick 311 00:23:25,596 --> 00:23:30,156 Speaker 1: doctor Watson are on the ripper's trail. No respectable woman 312 00:23:30,156 --> 00:23:32,196 Speaker 1: would be out alone in the streets of White Chaplets 313 00:23:32,236 --> 00:23:34,876 Speaker 1: such an hour. Therefore, she was not a respectable woman 314 00:23:35,036 --> 00:23:37,796 Speaker 1: who make it seems so simple. Holmes has indeed made 315 00:23:37,796 --> 00:23:42,156 Speaker 1: it seem simple. His famous deduction technique has fooled many 316 00:23:42,196 --> 00:23:44,636 Speaker 1: of us into believing that the case might still be 317 00:23:44,756 --> 00:23:49,196 Speaker 1: cracked if only we go over and over the remaining evidence, 318 00:23:49,636 --> 00:23:53,436 Speaker 1: looking for that one vital clue that has been overlooked 319 00:23:53,476 --> 00:23:59,236 Speaker 1: by less brilliant minds. This is nonsense. The crime won't 320 00:23:59,316 --> 00:24:03,036 Speaker 1: be solved, but that hasn't stopped generations of authors and 321 00:24:03,116 --> 00:24:07,156 Speaker 1: hobbyists concocting theories as fanciful as any novel by Sir 322 00:24:07,316 --> 00:24:11,476 Speaker 1: Arthur Conan Doyle. Consuming these stories won't get you any 323 00:24:11,556 --> 00:24:14,596 Speaker 1: closer to knowing the true identity of the killer, but 324 00:24:14,756 --> 00:24:17,676 Speaker 1: what you will glean from them is a flavor of 325 00:24:17,716 --> 00:24:20,876 Speaker 1: the sensibilities and anxieties that play in the eras when 326 00:24:20,916 --> 00:24:24,356 Speaker 1: they were written. Jack the Ripper was a Russian obstetrician 327 00:24:24,556 --> 00:24:27,036 Speaker 1: who was doing all these murders on behalf of the 328 00:24:27,116 --> 00:24:31,316 Speaker 1: Zaris Secret Police to make Scotland Yard look stupid. So 329 00:24:31,516 --> 00:24:34,796 Speaker 1: said the writer William LQ, who claimed in his nineteen 330 00:24:34,836 --> 00:24:38,156 Speaker 1: twenty three autobiography that he had gone through the effects 331 00:24:38,156 --> 00:24:42,196 Speaker 1: of the scandalous and sinister Russian holy man resputant and 332 00:24:42,356 --> 00:24:47,156 Speaker 1: found an incriminating manuscript. Now this is a landmark because 333 00:24:47,196 --> 00:24:51,036 Speaker 1: this builds the Ripper into a kind of conspiracist way 334 00:24:51,236 --> 00:24:53,276 Speaker 1: of looking at the world that I think has been 335 00:24:53,356 --> 00:24:57,116 Speaker 1: very influential and continues to be influential upon what we 336 00:24:57,156 --> 00:25:05,956 Speaker 1: are pleased to call Ripperology. By the swinging countercultural nineteen sixties, 337 00:25:06,316 --> 00:25:09,556 Speaker 1: Jack the Ripper is no longer a foreigner but member 338 00:25:09,596 --> 00:25:14,356 Speaker 1: of the stuffy and sexually repressed British establishment. Jack the 339 00:25:14,436 --> 00:25:19,036 Speaker 1: Ripper is perfect material for a kind of anti victorianism 340 00:25:19,076 --> 00:25:23,236 Speaker 1: that goes totally mainstream in the sixties, that becomes an 341 00:25:23,276 --> 00:25:27,716 Speaker 1: absolute orthodoxy in British and American culture. To the Victorians 342 00:25:27,716 --> 00:25:31,196 Speaker 1: had an underworld where all these repressed bad things were kept, 343 00:25:31,276 --> 00:25:34,796 Speaker 1: and Jack the Ripper was their bad conscience, arising from 344 00:25:34,676 --> 00:25:37,876 Speaker 1: the feculence of the sewers in some strange kind of 345 00:25:37,876 --> 00:25:41,596 Speaker 1: Freudian way. As the nineteen sixties turned into the Blika 346 00:25:41,716 --> 00:25:45,996 Speaker 1: nineteen seventies, the Feverish conspiracy that the British monarchy had 347 00:25:46,076 --> 00:25:49,476 Speaker 1: directed the murders to cover up the romantic entanglements of 348 00:25:49,556 --> 00:25:53,636 Speaker 1: a prince took hold of the public imagination. You get it. 349 00:25:53,676 --> 00:25:57,556 Speaker 1: In its most baroque and weird mutational form, where Queen 350 00:25:57,636 --> 00:26:02,196 Speaker 1: Victoria herself is responsible, and that I think shows this 351 00:26:02,356 --> 00:26:06,196 Speaker 1: at its most naked. That were blaming her really for 352 00:26:06,316 --> 00:26:19,156 Speaker 1: Jack the Ripper. The Ripper retold will return shortly. So 353 00:26:19,156 --> 00:26:22,356 Speaker 1: we've come to a barber shop. On the window it 354 00:26:22,436 --> 00:26:25,996 Speaker 1: says Jack the Clipper, but it also says London born 355 00:26:26,196 --> 00:26:30,676 Speaker 1: and bled. The spirit of Thomas Berry, the Victorian showman 356 00:26:30,916 --> 00:26:35,956 Speaker 1: waxwork impresario is alive and well in Whitechapel, the Full 357 00:26:36,036 --> 00:26:40,596 Speaker 1: Ripper for fifty two pounds and the Royal Ripper for 358 00:26:40,636 --> 00:26:43,836 Speaker 1: seventy pounds. And I have no idea what actually that is, 359 00:26:44,036 --> 00:26:48,956 Speaker 1: but obviously somebody enjoys having that done. Today. Whitechapel is 360 00:26:48,956 --> 00:26:53,076 Speaker 1: a veritable Jack the Ripper theme park. Behind a black 361 00:26:53,076 --> 00:26:57,436 Speaker 1: and red facade is the Jack the Ripper Museum. It's 362 00:26:57,476 --> 00:27:02,476 Speaker 1: gift shop sells Ripper shot glasses and Teddy Bears. Meanwhile, 363 00:27:03,156 --> 00:27:05,516 Speaker 1: the Jack the Ripper and Sherlock Holmes, two of us 364 00:27:05,716 --> 00:27:10,516 Speaker 1: deposits excited passengers in Whitechapel before whisked them across London 365 00:27:10,596 --> 00:27:14,556 Speaker 1: to a Holmes themed pub. Now'm sure all of you 366 00:27:14,636 --> 00:27:18,356 Speaker 1: here today do you know that Jack's victims were ladies 367 00:27:18,396 --> 00:27:20,916 Speaker 1: of the night, weren't they? They were the chiefs? And 368 00:27:20,996 --> 00:27:25,076 Speaker 1: at Miter Square were Kate Eddo's perished. You might encounter 369 00:27:25,276 --> 00:27:30,516 Speaker 1: several different ripper tour groups at one time, their guides 370 00:27:30,596 --> 00:27:34,276 Speaker 1: all delighting in the salacious and gory details of the 371 00:27:34,356 --> 00:27:37,356 Speaker 1: women's death. Recording to Mautree, they realize that they left 372 00:27:37,436 --> 00:27:39,556 Speaker 1: kidney in her in higher womb. Would you think whether 373 00:27:39,596 --> 00:27:41,556 Speaker 1: the killer body ripped them from inside her and taken 374 00:27:41,596 --> 00:27:44,556 Speaker 1: the willim He'd also taken only half of a white aprone. 375 00:27:45,516 --> 00:27:49,956 Speaker 1: We went under cover on one tour. Our guide was 376 00:27:50,036 --> 00:27:53,636 Speaker 1: proudly dressed in a cap coat and neckerchief, matching an 377 00:27:53,676 --> 00:27:57,556 Speaker 1: eyewitness description of one ripper suspect. He later told us 378 00:27:57,996 --> 00:28:00,676 Speaker 1: that when the location of Kate's murder was resurfaced a 379 00:28:00,716 --> 00:28:04,036 Speaker 1: few years ago, he took one of the old cobblestones 380 00:28:04,596 --> 00:28:08,556 Speaker 1: from the corner where her body lay as a dark memento. 381 00:28:10,036 --> 00:28:13,676 Speaker 1: They're incredibly popular since they're from hell film. You saw 382 00:28:13,836 --> 00:28:16,196 Speaker 1: far more guides out there, some of whom I've never 383 00:28:16,276 --> 00:28:19,716 Speaker 1: seen before. You know, Andy Hallett takes visitors to London 384 00:28:19,836 --> 00:28:23,236 Speaker 1: on many types of walking tours, but it's Ripper walks 385 00:28:23,516 --> 00:28:26,596 Speaker 1: are something different. I mean I've arrived in Miter Square 386 00:28:26,596 --> 00:28:29,516 Speaker 1: and there's eight or nine different groups there. I'm sure 387 00:28:29,556 --> 00:28:31,836 Speaker 1: I've done walks when I've been talking to someone in 388 00:28:31,876 --> 00:28:34,596 Speaker 1: the group and then a week later see them peddling 389 00:28:34,636 --> 00:28:36,596 Speaker 1: the walk, you know, and they've just picked up, you know, 390 00:28:37,116 --> 00:28:41,436 Speaker 1: having a go. Given the stiff competition, many guides fall 391 00:28:41,476 --> 00:28:44,236 Speaker 1: back on the tried and tested methods of Thomas Berry, 392 00:28:44,676 --> 00:28:48,876 Speaker 1: bringing with them laminated images of the mutilated corpses. Well, 393 00:28:48,916 --> 00:28:50,996 Speaker 1: I don't like seeing any pictures of the women. I 394 00:28:51,036 --> 00:28:53,516 Speaker 1: don't like seeing any pictures at the murder scene, photographs 395 00:28:53,556 --> 00:28:55,476 Speaker 1: taking in the mortuary. You know, I'd never do that. 396 00:28:55,556 --> 00:28:57,516 Speaker 1: I think it's horrible, just, you know, horrible things to do, 397 00:28:57,796 --> 00:29:00,236 Speaker 1: and people do that. Yeah, I mean that's very popular 398 00:29:02,356 --> 00:29:05,556 Speaker 1: for those who still have an appetite after all that gruesomeness. 399 00:29:05,876 --> 00:29:09,316 Speaker 1: There's Jack the Chipper, a good old fashioned fishing ship 400 00:29:09,356 --> 00:29:12,316 Speaker 1: shop with a twist. Wouldn't it possible to get one 401 00:29:12,356 --> 00:29:17,916 Speaker 1: of your little fish and chip boxes? The chain wraps 402 00:29:17,996 --> 00:29:22,076 Speaker 1: its meals in facsimiles of newspaper pages from eighteen eighty eight. 403 00:29:22,556 --> 00:29:25,916 Speaker 1: These include images of the victims, which means you can 404 00:29:26,156 --> 00:29:29,716 Speaker 1: literally eat your lunch of a drawing of Elizabeth Stride's 405 00:29:29,956 --> 00:29:36,716 Speaker 1: dead body. Things are changing. People are increasingly voicing their 406 00:29:36,756 --> 00:29:39,436 Speaker 1: concerns about how and where we tell the Jack the 407 00:29:39,516 --> 00:29:42,476 Speaker 1: Ripper story. So the kind of stories don't we tell, 408 00:29:42,756 --> 00:29:45,436 Speaker 1: the kind of things that we commemorate actually have an 409 00:29:45,476 --> 00:29:50,996 Speaker 1: impactness is people's lives that we're talking about here. For example, 410 00:29:51,276 --> 00:29:54,276 Speaker 1: since it opened its doors in twenty fifteen, the Ripper 411 00:29:54,396 --> 00:29:57,556 Speaker 1: Museum has been targeted by protesters who rail against its 412 00:29:57,676 --> 00:30:01,116 Speaker 1: tacky depiction of the murdered women, something that people should 413 00:30:01,116 --> 00:30:04,396 Speaker 1: be making light of, or selling moths about, or selling 414 00:30:04,476 --> 00:30:10,916 Speaker 1: t shirts about thy accompanying and just recently, a branch 415 00:30:10,996 --> 00:30:13,876 Speaker 1: of Jack the Chipper was the subject of a neighborhood dispute, 416 00:30:14,036 --> 00:30:17,956 Speaker 1: with locals criticizing the proprietor's exploitation of the victims for profit. 417 00:30:18,756 --> 00:30:20,916 Speaker 1: We're going to talk about a shop in London and 418 00:30:21,076 --> 00:30:25,076 Speaker 1: it's being boycotted because its name is Jack the Chipper. 419 00:30:25,236 --> 00:30:27,916 Speaker 1: Now what a protesters saying about that? The owner had 420 00:30:27,956 --> 00:30:32,516 Speaker 1: to go on national TV to offer a defense of swords. Yeah, 421 00:30:33,116 --> 00:30:36,156 Speaker 1: and disdain most people, they love it. This is Jack 422 00:30:36,236 --> 00:30:40,116 Speaker 1: the Chipper. I like that. In response to the public outcry, 423 00:30:40,596 --> 00:30:44,676 Speaker 1: the chip shop offered a fifty percent discount of female customers, 424 00:30:45,076 --> 00:30:48,556 Speaker 1: just to show they weren't there to be disrespectful. I 425 00:30:48,716 --> 00:30:53,316 Speaker 1: give you fifty percent discount and everybody be happy. Several ethical, 426 00:30:53,516 --> 00:30:57,036 Speaker 1: even feminist walking tours of Whitechapel have sprung up since 427 00:30:57,116 --> 00:30:59,556 Speaker 1: you know your book, you know, I think it's changed 428 00:30:59,836 --> 00:31:03,436 Speaker 1: and established. Guide Andy has totally revised his Ripper Walk 429 00:31:03,556 --> 00:31:06,596 Speaker 1: in light of the new research on the victims. Traditionally 430 00:31:06,636 --> 00:31:08,676 Speaker 1: it had always been that they were five prostitutes. You know, 431 00:31:09,116 --> 00:31:11,436 Speaker 1: definitely talk about the biography of each of these women now, 432 00:31:11,436 --> 00:31:13,956 Speaker 1: which I never did before. Really, the social history, which 433 00:31:13,956 --> 00:31:16,396 Speaker 1: I think is incredibly important, and you know, the dignity 434 00:31:16,436 --> 00:31:18,996 Speaker 1: of the women. But something of our own jacklin Hyde 435 00:31:18,996 --> 00:31:22,756 Speaker 1: approach to these murders persists. We perhaps know we shouldn't 436 00:31:22,796 --> 00:31:26,076 Speaker 1: look for entertainment in the bloody deaths of women like Polly, Annie, 437 00:31:26,116 --> 00:31:30,316 Speaker 1: Elizabeth and Kate, but people still can't quite resist the temptation. 438 00:31:31,036 --> 00:31:33,516 Speaker 1: They are interested in the graphic detail, of course of it. 439 00:31:33,596 --> 00:31:35,996 Speaker 1: I mean, they're interested in horror stories. I mean people 440 00:31:36,076 --> 00:31:37,916 Speaker 1: come along to it because they feel they're in a 441 00:31:37,996 --> 00:31:39,836 Speaker 1: kind of safe place. But they could listen to this, 442 00:31:40,076 --> 00:31:42,316 Speaker 1: you know, very graphic. You know parts of it which 443 00:31:42,316 --> 00:31:45,076 Speaker 1: are very graphic. I mean we have people fainting, Yeah, 444 00:31:45,076 --> 00:31:47,636 Speaker 1: we have either the other day someone fainted on the wall. 445 00:31:47,796 --> 00:31:50,556 Speaker 1: You know what prompted the faint. Well, we're talking about 446 00:31:50,596 --> 00:31:52,836 Speaker 1: we were talking about Annie Chapman and the murder of 447 00:31:52,876 --> 00:31:58,516 Speaker 1: Annie Chapman, and she just you know, went over. At 448 00:31:58,556 --> 00:32:01,716 Speaker 1: the end of my conversation with Matthew Sweet he recalled 449 00:32:01,716 --> 00:32:05,716 Speaker 1: attending a conference were Patricia Cornwell's theory that Walter Sickard 450 00:32:05,796 --> 00:32:10,156 Speaker 1: was the Ripper drew laughter from the audience. This woman 451 00:32:10,196 --> 00:32:13,916 Speaker 1: got to a feat Latin American academic and she said, 452 00:32:14,156 --> 00:32:16,396 Speaker 1: I don't know what you're all laughing at. There's nothing 453 00:32:16,476 --> 00:32:20,396 Speaker 1: special about these murders. There are murders happening like this 454 00:32:21,236 --> 00:32:24,476 Speaker 1: all over the world. Why are you English so stuck 455 00:32:25,316 --> 00:32:28,676 Speaker 1: on Jack the Ripper? I think that academic had a point. 456 00:32:29,476 --> 00:32:33,276 Speaker 1: Why are we so comfortable turning these despicable crimes into 457 00:32:33,316 --> 00:32:36,516 Speaker 1: a thriving tourist trade or a punning name for a 458 00:32:36,636 --> 00:32:39,036 Speaker 1: fish and chip shop. It has a lot to do 459 00:32:39,156 --> 00:32:41,956 Speaker 1: with our lack of empathy for the victims. As long 460 00:32:42,036 --> 00:32:45,996 Speaker 1: as we cling to the caricature of based prostitutes, we 461 00:32:46,116 --> 00:32:49,156 Speaker 1: can hold them at arm's length, and they remain as 462 00:32:49,276 --> 00:32:52,796 Speaker 1: real and human to us as the Tatty Wax Works 463 00:32:52,876 --> 00:33:00,996 Speaker 1: and Thomas Berry's Chamber of Horrors. As October eighteen eighty 464 00:33:01,076 --> 00:33:04,916 Speaker 1: eight turned into November, the roots of the lucrative ripper 465 00:33:04,996 --> 00:33:09,076 Speaker 1: industry were still taking hold. The ghouls and thrill see 466 00:33:09,116 --> 00:33:13,036 Speaker 1: because flocking to Whitechapel waiting for the Ripper to strike again, 467 00:33:13,716 --> 00:33:17,076 Speaker 1: may have felt some slight disappointment that they had missed 468 00:33:17,076 --> 00:33:21,076 Speaker 1: out on the drama. But the lull must have brought 469 00:33:21,236 --> 00:33:24,316 Speaker 1: some comfort to the beleaguered residence of the East End. 470 00:33:24,916 --> 00:33:28,156 Speaker 1: It offered enough respite to allow many to let down 471 00:33:28,236 --> 00:33:32,716 Speaker 1: their guard, to begin to resume their regular nocturnal habits. 472 00:33:33,276 --> 00:33:36,636 Speaker 1: Women like Mary Jane Kelly felt safe enough to begin 473 00:33:36,796 --> 00:33:40,396 Speaker 1: to sleep alone, to go out at night, to feel 474 00:33:40,876 --> 00:33:45,556 Speaker 1: perhaps that the danger had passed, that the Ripper was gone, 475 00:33:47,036 --> 00:34:05,276 Speaker 1: but gone he had not bad Women. The Ripper Were 476 00:34:05,356 --> 00:34:07,716 Speaker 1: Told is brought to you by Pushkin Industries and me 477 00:34:07,916 --> 00:34:10,436 Speaker 1: Hallie ribbin Hold and is based on my book The Five. 478 00:34:11,116 --> 00:34:13,316 Speaker 1: It was produced and co written by Ryan Dilley and 479 00:34:13,356 --> 00:34:16,956 Speaker 1: Alice Fines, with help from Pete Norton. Pascal Wires, sound 480 00:34:17,036 --> 00:34:20,116 Speaker 1: designed and mixed the show and composed all the original music. 481 00:34:20,916 --> 00:34:24,036 Speaker 1: You also heard the voice talents of Ben Crow, Melanie Gutridge, 482 00:34:24,236 --> 00:34:27,756 Speaker 1: Gemma Saunders, and rufus Wright. The show also wouldn't have 483 00:34:27,796 --> 00:34:32,196 Speaker 1: been possible without the work of mir La Belle, Jacob Weisberg, Jenguera, 484 00:34:32,596 --> 00:34:38,876 Speaker 1: Heather Fane, Carli mcgliori, Maggie Taylor, Nicolemarino, The Talmulad, Eric Sandler, 485 00:34:39,196 --> 00:34:42,276 Speaker 1: and Dan Yella Lakhan. With special thanks to my agents 486 00:34:42,516 --> 00:34:44,116 Speaker 1: Sarah Ballard and Ellie Kron