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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you Should Know

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Speaker 1: from House Stuff Works dot Com. Hey, and welcome to

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Speaker 1: the podcast. This is Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck

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Speaker 1: Bryant that makes this stuff. You should know. Two things. Josh,

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Speaker 1: I got the cheek weapon just under the wire on

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Speaker 1: that one. Have you done that every time lately? Um,

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Speaker 1: I've been so harried and frazzled, and you know, Pittsburgh,

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Speaker 1: I might have forgotten, so we may have forgotten. That

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Speaker 1: explains a lot. The second thing is, uh, we recorded

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Speaker 1: some little promos a few minutes ago and you called

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Speaker 1: me Chad and then hey Chad. That was a little weird. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: say hey to Chad. Yeah, hey Chad. We do have

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Speaker 1: a colleague and close friend named Chad, so that explains it.

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Speaker 1: But that would have been really weird if you just

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Speaker 1: called it was. It came out and landed on the

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Speaker 1: table and just laid there like a dead fish in

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Speaker 1: the throes of the end of its life. Let's start

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Speaker 1: calling you Jock. My guy's named Jock. Have you ever

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Speaker 1: met a gay name jock? But they've been like Jock

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Speaker 1: or Jock. There's been movie characters named Jock, but they're

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Speaker 1: always like the bully at the ski instructor school or

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Speaker 1: something like that. You know, they're the guy who gets there,

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Speaker 1: come up. And I don't get come up in it.

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Speaker 1: I mean I get come up. It's like every day.

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Speaker 1: But you shouldn't root for it, I guess, is what

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Speaker 1: I'm saying. I don't think I deserve that. So, Um, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: do you remember in the doomsday scenario episode? What was

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Speaker 1: that terror management? Yes, which had nothing to give a

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Speaker 1: terrorism right. If you've been putting off listening to that

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Speaker 1: episode because you think it has to do with terrorism, nothing,

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Speaker 1: go back and listen to it. You will be pleasantly surprised. Agreed,

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Speaker 1: it was pretty good. Agreed. Um, we mentioned that. I

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Speaker 1: don't know if we mentioned or not, but in a

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Speaker 1: report that we cited, one of the things that these

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Speaker 1: people suggested we needed to do right to save the

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Speaker 1: planet was to get busy learning how to mind asteroids.

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Speaker 1: And I remember reading that and I was like, Oh,

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Speaker 1: what's a good idea? Sure that sounds awesome. Price it

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Speaker 1: is pricey, and I looked a little more into it.

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Speaker 1: Turns out we had an article on the site written

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Speaker 1: by the esteem Kevin Bond. So or yeah, the monster.

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Speaker 1: Uh and uh, it's interesting, it is pricey, and there's

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Speaker 1: a lot of holes in any plan that's given right now.

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Speaker 1: But it depends on what you want to do with

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Speaker 1: this stuff, right. The asteroids are well, there's a huge belt.

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Speaker 1: You want to talk about asteroids first in general, and

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Speaker 1: then we can talk about mining, sure, Josh. An asteroid belt. Well,

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Speaker 1: actually there's more than one asteroid belt, but there's one

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Speaker 1: main asteroid belt. It's not that far away. Nope, it's

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Speaker 1: between it's called the main asteroid belt. You weren't just

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Speaker 1: citing it as such. That's right, And it is between

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Speaker 1: Mars and Jupiter. Mars and Jupiter. Thank you. I'm sorry

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Speaker 1: for talking over and Uh. There's a lot of theories

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Speaker 1: on how the Earth in the Solar System was formed,

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Speaker 1: depends on who you ask. One of the more popular

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Speaker 1: theories is the nebular theory. And within this theory, uh.

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Speaker 1: And this is the Solar System, not the universe. So

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Speaker 1: just just stop emailing right now, go ahead? Did I

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Speaker 1: say universe? Okay? Under the nebular theory, Josh, astronomers and

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Speaker 1: physicists think that the universe was. I'm sorry, the Solar System.

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Speaker 1: We're gonna get in trouble. No, we're not chunk, chunk.

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Speaker 1: You're talking about the Solar system. And you know, the

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Speaker 1: Solar System was a big shapeless cloud of gas and

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Speaker 1: ice dust, and then something set things in motion. Probably

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Speaker 1: an explosion is what they think. Maybe a star exploded, hypothetical, right,

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Speaker 1: and and literally set things in motion right, yes, into

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Speaker 1: a circular motion and rotation, yes, a tight rotation that

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Speaker 1: spun faster and faster and faster, and then started collecting

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Speaker 1: this dust flying around and started forming things originally plan testimal,

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Speaker 1: that's a great word. And then more matters flying around colliding,

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Speaker 1: and then the plantestimals get caught up on this in

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Speaker 1: the process called how do you pronounce that? Accrestion? Accretion? Accretion,

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Speaker 1: And then they eventually catch more dust and gas and

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Speaker 1: form protoplanets, and then eventually they formed the planets that

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Speaker 1: we all think are super groovy today. So like planetesimals

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Speaker 1: are toddlers, proto planets are adolescents, tweens, and then you've

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Speaker 1: got planets, yes, right, and um, now we kind of diverge,

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Speaker 1: like everybody agrees generally who who buys into the nebular

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Speaker 1: theory um that you know that all that what you

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Speaker 1: just said is correct. Yes, but now we reach a

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Speaker 1: de vergence. Right, Yes, So there's this big the main

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Speaker 1: asteroid belt that's between Jupiter and Mars is far enough

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Speaker 1: away from the Sun. There's a there's a big enough

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Speaker 1: distance between Jupiter and Mars with this asteroid belt in

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Speaker 1: between that some people think that that asteroid belt got

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Speaker 1: there because there was a proto plane in it there

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Speaker 1: at one time that was bombarded, maybe hit by something else,

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Speaker 1: some other space junk like a comet, maybe just shot

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Speaker 1: by some other civilization eons ago, right, and it exploded,

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Speaker 1: and that these these these bits of in pieces of

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Speaker 1: this it entered into and uh its own rotation around

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Speaker 1: the Sun and was attracted by Jupiter's gravity because Jupiter

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Speaker 1: is so big that it's it's influences the movement of

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Speaker 1: these asteroid This asteroid belt basically keeps it in line.

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Speaker 1: So that's one theory for how the asteroid belt got there.

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Speaker 1: That was a proto planet, It's not bad. The other

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Speaker 1: theory is a little more widely accepted, which is that

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Speaker 1: the asteroid belt is nothing more than a collection of

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Speaker 1: that original debris that never formed into a uh plan

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Speaker 1: tessimal and then a proto planet and then eventually a planet.

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Speaker 1: And Jupiter Mars are five and fifty five million kilometers apart,

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Speaker 1: which is a great distance. So that's why they thought

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Speaker 1: originally you're first theory or not yours, But their first

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Speaker 1: series was, you know, there probably should have been another

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Speaker 1: planet in there that got broken up. But the other

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Speaker 1: theory says that no, that was it never formed again,

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Speaker 1: probably because of Jupiter's Mask's just reckon everything. So what

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Speaker 1: we ended up with was a main asteroid belt. And

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Speaker 1: there's tens of thousands of asteroids in these belts in

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Speaker 1: this belt, the main belt UM, and most of them

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Speaker 1: are about the size of a pebble by far, the

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Speaker 1: vast majority UM. And then there's just a handful and

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Speaker 1: we're talking like a handful and galactic terms, um, so

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Speaker 1: you know thousands that are big and then bigger and

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Speaker 1: big est, and the biggest one is still not that big.

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Speaker 1: Series c R E. Y S right has a diameter

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Speaker 1: of about a thousand kilometers. And if apparently astronomers have

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Speaker 1: figured out that if you uh put all of the

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Speaker 1: mass all of these pieces together every asteroid and the

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Speaker 1: main asteroid belt. If you could put it into a

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Speaker 1: planet or a proto planet, you would still only have

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Speaker 1: a planet about half the size of the Moon for

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Speaker 1: about a thousand the mass of the Earth, So it

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Speaker 1: wouldn't be very big if it were a planet that

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Speaker 1: had broken up. But you know, there's a lot of

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Speaker 1: them flying around, Josh, and you know the odds of

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Speaker 1: let's just say you had a starship, okay, and you

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Speaker 1: wanted to navigate this asteroid field. You know, the odds

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Speaker 1: of successfully doing so are uh, it depends on who

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Speaker 1: you ask. If you were to ask somebody like C

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Speaker 1: three p O, you'd have one in like a sixty

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Speaker 1: and change chance, maybe one in a fifty dred one

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Speaker 1: in a seventy thirty seven one three thousand, seven twenty one.

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Speaker 1: The odds are very slim. If you listen to a robot, right,

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Speaker 1: But that wasn't in our galaxy. It was in another galaxy,

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Speaker 1: far far away. And maybe I should have said droid

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Speaker 1: instead of robot before the listener male tumbles in yeah,

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Speaker 1: or perhaps did the same. I'm just cover my base,

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Speaker 1: So chuck Um. Size is not the only differentiator of

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Speaker 1: asteroids in the main asteroid belt, right right. Um, they're

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Speaker 1: they're also generally more generally classified UM by the composition

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Speaker 1: of their makeup. And if you look at most asteroids,

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Speaker 1: they look like chunks of the moon, just kind of

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Speaker 1: dull and gray and then not have like a pock

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Speaker 1: mark or something like that. Um. But not all of

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Speaker 1: them are exactly alike. They're made up of generally three

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Speaker 1: different types of stuff, right, Josh, that's the name of

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Speaker 1: our show, so that's appropriate. We have the C type,

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Speaker 1: the S type, and the M type amazon uh, Millennium falcon.

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Speaker 1: I don't think that's right. The C type is about

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Speaker 1: the known asteroids or of C type, and they are

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Speaker 1: sort of like the Sun in composition, but without the

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Speaker 1: hydrogen and helium and some other volatile compounds, right, so

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Speaker 1: they're not going to start burning. Right. Then you got

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Speaker 1: the S type, it's only accounts for about and they

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Speaker 1: have nickel, iron and magnesium. And then you got the

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Speaker 1: M type UM for millennium falcon and that's the smallest

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Speaker 1: number of asteroids are the M type, and they have

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Speaker 1: nickel and iron inside them, right, And the the C

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Speaker 1: type where most of them are in the outer ring,

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Speaker 1: the out the outside of the belt. Right. Uh, the

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Speaker 1: M types in the middle, which makes sense, and then

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Speaker 1: the the silicacious. The S type is the um that

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Speaker 1: stands for yeah, silicacious like silicon, um, carbonaceous carbon, and

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Speaker 1: millennium falcon. M type is metallic. Now the n M

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Speaker 1: type is the kind that we're probably going to be

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Speaker 1: most interested in harvesting, right, Yeah, well we should talk

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Speaker 1: about why why why do we want to harvest asteroids.

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Speaker 1: We're average Joe out there in Jane. They might say, well,

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Speaker 1: what's the big deal? We got all that stuff here

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Speaker 1: on Earth. Well, the the the point is is if

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Speaker 1: it's well, there's two ways of thinking, right. One is

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Speaker 1: that we could go to these asteroids mine all this

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Speaker 1: stuff because there are precious metals found on their platinum,

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Speaker 1: which is very expensive gold, gold, potentially um iron ore,

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Speaker 1: which can be turned into steel um and brought back

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Speaker 1: to Earth and sold. Right. So, if you happen to

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Speaker 1: be some sort of investor, maybe one who's into spaceflight

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Speaker 1: or space exploration, like Richard Branson, let's sure you might

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Speaker 1: be interested in setting up a space mining operation. Go

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Speaker 1: get a bunch of platinum. Nobody owns an asteroid. If you,

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Speaker 1: as a as far as I understand it. If you

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Speaker 1: can make it to that asteroid, you can mine it.

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Speaker 1: It's yours the slogan that's that's I just coin that

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Speaker 1: you can make it, you can mind it right, So

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Speaker 1: you go get a bunch of platinum. You don't have

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Speaker 1: to worry about negotiating with some you know, um junta

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Speaker 1: in a developing country for mineral rights or anything like that,

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Speaker 1: and just go to an asteroid and get the stuff

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Speaker 1: and bring it back right. And and there are people

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Speaker 1: are thinking about this. Large corporations are you know, I

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Speaker 1: have plans in motion if they have ideas. The other

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Speaker 1: and much more reasonable reason to mine and asteroid is

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Speaker 1: to supply a space colony, because then that way you

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Speaker 1: don't have two ferry supplies out of space all the time,

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Speaker 1: which a colony is gonna need a lot of supplies

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Speaker 1: and they're gonna need them pretty much constantly. That's really inefficient,

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Speaker 1: that's really expensive. They actually think a lot of smart

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Speaker 1: people actually think that it will be cheaper to set

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Speaker 1: up an asteroid mining operation two basically mine or to

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Speaker 1: be turned into steel for structures and spacecraft and all

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Speaker 1: that stuff. And there's some pretty clever ideas floating around.

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Speaker 1: The bringing them back to Earth idea um as largely

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Speaker 1: pooh pooed, is it? It is because I mean, there's

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Speaker 1: so much, so much um metal, precious rare otherwise here

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Speaker 1: on Earth that we haven't tapped, and then we won't

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Speaker 1: tap until the price of them is enough to really

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Speaker 1: go to the trouble of getting these because they're harder

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Speaker 1: to get, right, But we are running out of some

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Speaker 1: of that stuff, but we're running out of the easy

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Speaker 1: to get stuff. That's the point, right, So if you

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Speaker 1: take into account that there's a bunch of it there,

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Speaker 1: it's just gonna be more expensive. It will still be

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Speaker 1: less expensive to mind the hard to get expensive stuff

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Speaker 1: on Earth than to go there and back, Right, That's

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Speaker 1: one thing. The other reason that selling it on Earth

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Speaker 1: will is probably not as good of an idea. Is

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Speaker 1: you hear numbers bandied about where like an asteroid is

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Speaker 1: worth twenty trillion dollars? Right? Yeah, you want me to

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Speaker 1: read the stat real quick. According to Jonas Lewis, who

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Speaker 1: is the author and sounds like supporter of asteroid mining,

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Speaker 1: he wrote a book called Mining the Sky, he says, uh,

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Speaker 1: there are perhaps a million asteroids the size of one

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Speaker 1: kilometer in diameter, which would have a massive about two

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Speaker 1: billion tons, and he projects that one of these asteroids

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Speaker 1: could contain, or he says, would contain thirty million tons

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Speaker 1: of nickel mill mill and a half of metal cobalt,

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Speaker 1: seventy tons of platinum, and the platinum alone would be

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Speaker 1: worth more than a hundred and fifty billion dollars. Right,

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Speaker 1: And a NASA report valued the nasaer. NASA valued all

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Speaker 1: of the minerals and ore found in these um asteroids

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Speaker 1: in the main asteroid belt at worth about a hundred

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Speaker 1: billion per each of the six billion people on Earth.

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Speaker 1: It's funny. When I read that, I was like, well,

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Speaker 1: why did they write it like that? And then I

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Speaker 1: multiplied it out and it was some ridiculous ten to

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Speaker 1: the twenty six and I was like, oh, that's why.

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Speaker 1: That's a lot of money. Yeah. But the problem is

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Speaker 1: is that none of these, none of these um outrageous

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Speaker 1: and very attractive numbers, take into account things like actually

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Speaker 1: mining them, transporting the stuff back, and possibly most importantly,

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Speaker 1: the effect that flooding the platinum market with a hundred

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Speaker 1: and fifty billion tons of platinum would totally drop the

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Speaker 1: bottom out of it. Well, that would suck. It wouldn't

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Speaker 1: because you went to all that trouble and now you're

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Speaker 1: shooting yourself and they're like, hey, guess what. Platinum isn't

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Speaker 1: worth anything anymore because we have so much of it.

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Speaker 1: But likely anybody who could finance and undertake a asteroid

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Speaker 1: mining operation would probably set up some sort of like

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Speaker 1: the beers and and sit on this stuff and slowly

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Speaker 1: dole it out right or or do the method ahead

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Speaker 1: of time. They wouldn't just jump into it will nally, right.

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Speaker 1: But using these things for space colonies is a is

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Speaker 1: a pretty reasonable idea. And there's a lot of people

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Speaker 1: who are behind us. Yeah, and and we should point

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Speaker 1: out to that. Uh. One of the ways that they

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Speaker 1: find out, because you know, they're not landing on asteroids

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Speaker 1: and drilling into them. Now, one of the ways they

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Speaker 1: find out what potentially is inside the the asteroids is

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Speaker 1: uh using something called telescopic spect spectroscopy. I thought I

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Speaker 1: was gonna say it, if I was gonna nail it.

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Speaker 1: It sounds like it. Uh, it sounds like a painful procedure,

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Speaker 1: doesn't that. Yeah, it does. What they do is a

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Speaker 1: bounced light off of it, and they analyze that reflected

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Speaker 1: light um from the asteroid surface and that through the

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Speaker 1: you know, powers of magic, they can tell what might

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Speaker 1: be inside, like magnesium, water, oxygen even And that's important

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Speaker 1: because water can't have space colony without water. Water is

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Speaker 1: key to anything that we want to do pretty much.

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Speaker 1: And you can separate the hydrogen and the oxygen and

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Speaker 1: potentially potentially use that as rocket fuel. Right. The water

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Speaker 1: is very valuable on many levels. And this guy who um,

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Speaker 1: who created the book Mining in the Sky, what's his name,

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Speaker 1: Jonice Lewis, Yeah, mining the skuy he's um Mining in

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Speaker 1: the sky. That's a little more fanciful. He he has

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Speaker 1: a pretty good idea of how optimum um productivity an

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Speaker 1: asteroid could be harvested. Right. Well, yeah, I mean like

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Speaker 1: that this is kind of what would it look like

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Speaker 1: like in this article. I get the impression it's largely

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Speaker 1: based on Lewis's conception of what it should look like, right. Um.

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Speaker 1: And one of the ideas that's bandied about is to

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Speaker 1: use robots, right makes sense, it does. You don't have

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Speaker 1: to feed robots, you don't have to water robots, um,

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Speaker 1: you don't have to pay robots a salary, which you

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Speaker 1: know makes everything a little bit cheaper, although it's expensive

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Speaker 1: to build one. If you can get self replicating robots,

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Speaker 1: if you can create them and you're not afraid of singularity, um,

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Speaker 1: then you you're all the better. You just launch a

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Speaker 1: few into space and be like start reproducing and then

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Speaker 1: get to work. Was an alien of mine? The original

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Speaker 1: crew for the alien? Wasn't that? Like a I think so?

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Speaker 1: Were they in mining operation? I believe so that you

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Speaker 1: mentioned it, Chuck. Another great idea would be solar powered equipment. Sure,

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Speaker 1: because think about it, the solar radiation in outer space

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Speaker 1: is not being subjected to the Earth's atmosphere, the deletrious

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Speaker 1: effects of the Earth's atmosphere, So you're getting a lot

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Speaker 1: more cosmic radiation um, which will power these things a

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Speaker 1: lot more efficiently day or night. Yeah. Uh, you should

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Speaker 1: have light equipment, even though um it's pretty much a

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Speaker 1: zero gravity situation. You still got to get it out there,

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Speaker 1: and just lighter is better and more efficient. Well, you

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Speaker 1: just brought up a humdinger of a point. Right, gravity gravity,

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Speaker 1: it's a big one. Then there's two things. There's a

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Speaker 1: lack of gravity on these asteroids, and these asteroids rotate,

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Speaker 1: they move, and sometimes they move pretty fast compared to

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Speaker 1: their size. Some asteroids rotate um as often as once

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Speaker 1: an hour, some take two days, depending on their size.

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Speaker 1: But if you're on an asteroid that's going upside down

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Speaker 1: every half hour, every hour, right, it's no good. Now

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Speaker 1: you can fall off, you know. And then if you

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Speaker 1: factor in weightlessness, then you have even greater problems because

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Speaker 1: let's say you undertake a strip mining operation. When you

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Speaker 1: loosen that or it's just gonna float right off, you're

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Speaker 1: basically breaking up these pieces that form these planetesimals in

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Speaker 1: other cases, and then protoplanets. You're breaking that stuff up,

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Speaker 1: and some of the asteroids aren't. It's not just like

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Speaker 1: a chunk of rock. Some asteroids are um less dense

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Speaker 1: than others. There's a pretty sizeable asteroid out there, I

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Speaker 1: can't remember which one it is. Um that is as

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Speaker 1: that's thought to have about the density of water, but

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Speaker 1: it's solid material. It's just not packed together. So weightlessness,

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Speaker 1: rotation and possible low density of some of these asteroids

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Speaker 1: is gonna make this a little harder than you would think.

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Speaker 1: But they got some ideas. They do have some ideas,

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Speaker 1: especially to take into consideration weightlessness. Right, Yeah, Well, one

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Speaker 1: thing they in This all sounds very rudimentary, but it

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Speaker 1: makes sense. They thought about using a big canopy to

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Speaker 1: collect this stuff as it flies off. They have considered

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Speaker 1: the idea of using rocket boosters to keep the asteroid

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Speaker 1: from spinning and uh, you know, level it out. I

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Speaker 1: saw one um idea they had was to use magnets

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Speaker 1: called rake magnets, so they would literally just uh, sort

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Speaker 1: of in the shape of a rake, a giant magnet

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Speaker 1: that would combs very smart and whatever loose mineral or

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Speaker 1: metals were on top would stick to the magnet that

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Speaker 1: would suck. To lose the rake magnet in the space though,

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Speaker 1: it floats off and you're like, man, we lost another

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Speaker 1: rake magnet in dollars. Plus. The other point too, with

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Speaker 1: gravity is what zero gravity taketh away, she also giveth

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Speaker 1: because it makes everything much lighter and easier to cherry

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Speaker 1: like that, I mean gravity a woman. I guess, uh,

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Speaker 1: it's everything is lighter, so you know, you won't have

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Speaker 1: to have like the massive crane to lift the equipment

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Speaker 1: because zero gravity and almost zero gravity, right, yes, And

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Speaker 1: ferrying back and forth between the asteroid belt and say

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Speaker 1: the moon. Let's say we put a colony on the

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Speaker 1: Moon is going to take less fuel. We use up

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Speaker 1: a substantial amount of fuel getting into outer space. Once

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Speaker 1: we're in outer space, we use way less, you know.

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Speaker 1: And then also the other cool thing is once you

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Speaker 1: you're set up up there, you can mine an asteroid

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Speaker 1: and then you can take it for all it's worth

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Speaker 1: and just move to the next asteroid. You don't have

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Speaker 1: to go back and forth and back and forth. And

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Speaker 1: that two raise is kind of a point, like, I

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Speaker 1: know this is a very nascent field and the fact

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Speaker 1: that it's not in existence yet, but um, nobody's talking

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Speaker 1: about what effect this could possibly have if we start

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Speaker 1: basically just mine and asteroid belt like nothing. Let's say

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Speaker 1: we remove all the iron ore from the main asteroid belt.

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Speaker 1: What happens to say the rotation Do they start flipping out? Um,

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Speaker 1: there's no there's no talk about even going to the

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Speaker 1: main asteroid belt. These are right now. They're talking about

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Speaker 1: just getting ones that have kind of wandered away called

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Speaker 1: near Earth objects the Earth asteroids, because a lot closer

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Speaker 1: to the Earth is much better, and sometimes they're closer

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Speaker 1: than the Moon is, so it would really be easy

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Speaker 1: to ferry to the Moon. Right the Moon. But I

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Speaker 1: can't help. But wonder if eventually, you know, in a century,

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Speaker 1: we ramp up in are in the main asteroid belt,

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Speaker 1: like really undertaking mining operations, It'll have some sort of

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Speaker 1: horrible effect that no one figured out until it was

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Speaker 1: too late. I'll start spinning into Earth or something. Still,

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Speaker 1: though it's a good idea, it's probably a necessity if

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Speaker 1: we start to call a nice space. Um. But don't

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Speaker 1: let anybody tell you it's an easy idea, right. For example,

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Speaker 1: one last example of how difficult this can um and

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Speaker 1: I very much recommend people go read Ronald breaks Um

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Speaker 1: the Great Space Mining con I think is what he

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Speaker 1: called it. He Poopoo's it, right, he he Poopoo's it.

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Speaker 1: He Poopoo's bringing it back to Earth. Things. Got a

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Speaker 1: lot of great examples. Uh, he says, you know, using

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Speaker 1: it for space is a good idea. Um. But one

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Speaker 1: of the thing is he points out is when we

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Speaker 1: go and get or right, say, iron ore, we get

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Speaker 1: them from veins. There's like a vein there and we

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Speaker 1: can get a bunch at once. Right. That's because of

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Speaker 1: Earth's biogeochemical processes that help collect or like or into

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Speaker 1: the same place the Earth has a magnetic field. All

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Speaker 1: of this stuff contributes taking a bunch of iron ore

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Speaker 1: and putting it together. Asteroids have not been subjected to

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Speaker 1: these processes, right, So we don't know if it's the same.

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Speaker 1: It could be completely spread out. There might be a

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Speaker 1: bunch in there um using what telescopic spect what spectroscopy? Okay, Um,

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Speaker 1: we know there's a bunch there, but we don't necessarily

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Speaker 1: know in what kind of density that it occurs. So

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Speaker 1: you sunk a hundred billion dollars into getting up there

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Speaker 1: to find out that you can't use the same processes

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Speaker 1: that you do on Earth. Basically, I think they probably

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Speaker 1: just do exploratory missions first before sinking in the whole

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Speaker 1: hundred billion. Maybe, so we'll find out. We'll find out

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Speaker 1: what Richard Branson's made of in the next year or two. Okay, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I bet he listens to this. So we got a

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Speaker 1: bunch on the site. You've got anything else? Uh? No,

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Speaker 1: I like these little, uh theoretical musings every now and then. Oh,

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Speaker 1: I've got one. The Kuiper Belt, the mel Kuiper Belt.

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Speaker 1: So there's a there's another asteroid belt way larger that

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Speaker 1: goes basically out to the frontiers of the Solar System. Yeah. Um.

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Speaker 1: And the cool thing about this, the Kuiper Belt, is

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Speaker 1: that it was proposed by Gerard Kuiper in ninety one.

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Speaker 1: He's like, there's an asteroid belt out there, and this

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Speaker 1: is probably roughly where it is and how wide it

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Speaker 1: is and how dense it is, and in it was

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Speaker 1: confirmed by um observers who saw the observers you know,

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Speaker 1: from other planets, I guess, And he said, I'm naming

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Speaker 1: it after me. Now I think he's probably dead. Of

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Speaker 1: what I'm saying is he said mathematically, he said there's

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Speaker 1: an asteroid belt out there, and then forty years later

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Speaker 1: they're like, there's one right there. It's pretty cool. We

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Speaker 1: should have named after him Keiper Keiper Belt. So that's it.

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Speaker 1: I think it'll happen. I think we have pillaged the

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Speaker 1: Earth and we will assume be pillaging the Solar System likewise. Okay,

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Speaker 1: if you want to learn more about asteroids, type in

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00:24:41,520 --> 00:24:43,399
Speaker 1: that word's going to bring up a lot of cool

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00:24:43,520 --> 00:24:46,920
Speaker 1: articles we combined to how asteroid mining will work and

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00:24:46,960 --> 00:24:50,159
Speaker 1: how asteroid belts work. Um, and you can type that

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00:24:50,280 --> 00:24:53,080
Speaker 1: into the handy search bar at how stuff works dot com,

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00:24:53,080 --> 00:24:58,000
Speaker 1: which brings up listener mail. Josh, I'm gonna call this

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00:24:58,480 --> 00:25:03,280
Speaker 1: listener mail from my friend Ryan. Is this legal? I

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00:25:03,280 --> 00:25:04,760
Speaker 1: don't think you can do this? He sent us a

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00:25:04,840 --> 00:25:06,440
Speaker 1: legit email. I was like, you know, dude, I'm gonna

433
00:25:06,440 --> 00:25:09,320
Speaker 1: read this. I'm gonna plug your band while I do it. Yeah,

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00:25:09,359 --> 00:25:12,760
Speaker 1: but that's not the reason, um, because this is actually

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00:25:12,800 --> 00:25:17,080
Speaker 1: pretty cool. Uh. Hey, dude, he didn't say everyone. He

436
00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:20,160
Speaker 1: was just emailing me while mowing the yard. Earlier today,

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00:25:20,240 --> 00:25:22,879
Speaker 1: I listened to your podcast on how to Start your

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00:25:22,920 --> 00:25:25,879
Speaker 1: Own Nation. Great job, as always. I took a particular

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00:25:25,920 --> 00:25:27,720
Speaker 1: interest in checking that one out because a couple of

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00:25:27,760 --> 00:25:30,520
Speaker 1: years ago, I produced a segment for a TV show

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00:25:31,359 --> 00:25:34,080
Speaker 1: h G four Underground that never aired on the subject

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00:25:34,080 --> 00:25:37,600
Speaker 1: of micro nations, and I ended up researching many of

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00:25:37,640 --> 00:25:40,119
Speaker 1: the topics you covered on the show. In particular, you

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00:25:40,160 --> 00:25:43,320
Speaker 1: talked about the sovereign nation outside of Reno, the Republic

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00:25:43,359 --> 00:25:48,240
Speaker 1: of Malasia. I spent an entire day with his excellency

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00:25:48,640 --> 00:25:52,800
Speaker 1: President Kevin Ball in Malasia, which is actually just a

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00:25:52,800 --> 00:25:56,040
Speaker 1: house in a housing edition in a little desert town,

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00:25:56,560 --> 00:25:57,840
Speaker 1: and he sent me a picture of him with this

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00:25:57,960 --> 00:26:01,119
Speaker 1: tute and he's dressed like onwards. Yeah, he's got like

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00:26:01,440 --> 00:26:04,600
Speaker 1: the sash and everything. You can recognize it by the

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00:26:04,640 --> 00:26:07,879
Speaker 1: Molassian flag flying in the front yard and miniature cannon

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00:26:07,880 --> 00:26:10,480
Speaker 1: replica near the front door. I kind of knew going

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00:26:10,480 --> 00:26:13,040
Speaker 1: into it that he wasn't very serious about the whole thing,

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00:26:13,480 --> 00:26:15,760
Speaker 1: but definitely realized upon arrival that he and the other

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00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:18,960
Speaker 1: members of the micro Nation culture are all just big

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00:26:19,080 --> 00:26:23,119
Speaker 1: role playing nerds. My first clue was his enormous collection

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00:26:23,119 --> 00:26:27,439
Speaker 1: of Star Trek memorabilia. I interviewed neighbors who just described

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00:26:27,480 --> 00:26:29,440
Speaker 1: him as a nice fellow who's just a little eccentric.

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00:26:29,800 --> 00:26:32,359
Speaker 1: And I've attached the picture and maybe I'll put that

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00:26:32,400 --> 00:26:35,679
Speaker 1: on Facebook. I'll see f Ryan minds. But Ryan is

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00:26:35,720 --> 00:26:39,080
Speaker 1: in a band called Debate Team and they are awesome

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00:26:40,119 --> 00:26:43,320
Speaker 1: and I have their album and it's that like self produced,

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00:26:44,040 --> 00:26:48,040
Speaker 1: like the truest of indie uh styles and and putting

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00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:51,000
Speaker 1: out your own music. And Ryan's like an old friend

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00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:54,320
Speaker 1: and we were pas together and now he's like directing

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00:26:54,480 --> 00:26:57,200
Speaker 1: stuff and I'm doing this, and uh, we're all like

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00:26:57,400 --> 00:26:59,280
Speaker 1: very proud of each other. You should leave his album

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00:26:59,320 --> 00:27:01,840
Speaker 1: on our Facebook. You know. I have posted something before,

469
00:27:01,840 --> 00:27:03,399
Speaker 1: I'll post it again, but um, if you want to

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00:27:03,480 --> 00:27:07,560
Speaker 1: check out Facebook dot com slash debate team. It's good

471
00:27:08,200 --> 00:27:11,840
Speaker 1: power pop. Uh, it's just awesome. I love it. I'm

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00:27:11,880 --> 00:27:15,640
Speaker 1: a fan. What what else? What's another example of power pop? Um?

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00:27:16,359 --> 00:27:18,960
Speaker 1: I don't know that. I mean the drummer for his

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00:27:19,040 --> 00:27:21,919
Speaker 1: band is also the drummer from Okay go Are they

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00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:24,240
Speaker 1: power pop? I would say, Okay goes. Probably. I can

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00:27:24,320 --> 00:27:26,440
Speaker 1: see that. I like them, but it's not like they're

477
00:27:26,480 --> 00:27:29,280
Speaker 1: like them. They're debate teams around awesome thing. Let me

478
00:27:29,359 --> 00:27:31,239
Speaker 1: change that. I like that one song that they had

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00:27:31,320 --> 00:27:35,560
Speaker 1: that the first video for the which was the chick Mills. Yeah,

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00:27:35,600 --> 00:27:37,480
Speaker 1: but they're I mean, those dudes are like killing it

481
00:27:37,560 --> 00:27:40,440
Speaker 1: on the music videos. Yeah, and they're like Internet gods

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00:27:40,480 --> 00:27:43,199
Speaker 1: and everything. Yeah. Cool, guys? Is it? The Strokes are

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00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:47,919
Speaker 1: sort of power poppy? Okay, yes, totally. You might call

484
00:27:47,960 --> 00:27:51,480
Speaker 1: them rock and roll rooney rooney. Yeah, I don't know.

485
00:27:51,560 --> 00:27:54,679
Speaker 1: This guy's ay good? They're yeah, they're pretty good, all right.

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00:27:54,800 --> 00:27:58,080
Speaker 1: They have some very catchy tunes. All right, Well, if

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00:27:58,080 --> 00:27:59,920
Speaker 1: you like power pop, we want to hear all about it.

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00:28:00,840 --> 00:28:02,960
Speaker 1: We do want to hear about it, Josh, But we

489
00:28:03,080 --> 00:28:05,560
Speaker 1: got to let people know about something that we're doing.

490
00:28:05,920 --> 00:28:09,280
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, we have a next weekend, the fourth of

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00:28:09,359 --> 00:28:12,359
Speaker 1: July weekend. Uh, you're gonna be able to listen to

492
00:28:12,560 --> 00:28:16,080
Speaker 1: us on Serious XM channel what is it one O

493
00:28:16,160 --> 00:28:20,000
Speaker 1: four Channel one or they're doing a Stuff you Should

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00:28:20,040 --> 00:28:23,800
Speaker 1: Know America of Stuff you Should Know About America weekend

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00:28:23,880 --> 00:28:26,920
Speaker 1: and they're playing like twenty of our podcast over the

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00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:29,359
Speaker 1: course of the weekend on a little pop up channel,

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00:28:29,880 --> 00:28:34,800
Speaker 1: and uh, it's gonna be punctuated with some little shorts

498
00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:37,280
Speaker 1: from our friends at Stuff You Miss in History Class

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00:28:37,600 --> 00:28:40,320
Speaker 1: de Bleian and Sarah, who are awesome, and also our

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00:28:40,440 --> 00:28:43,560
Speaker 1: live show that we're recording in New York on July

501
00:28:43,800 --> 00:28:47,120
Speaker 1: one with some very special friends from the Onion and

502
00:28:47,320 --> 00:28:51,880
Speaker 1: potentially other special guests. They're going to play that several times. Dude.

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00:28:51,960 --> 00:28:54,480
Speaker 1: We're basically all over channel one or four on Serious

504
00:28:54,600 --> 00:28:57,200
Speaker 1: XM for like a whole weekend pretty much. It's going

505
00:28:57,280 --> 00:28:59,400
Speaker 1: to be pretty awesome. And you can also listen to

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00:28:59,440 --> 00:29:01,840
Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know Now on w fm U ninety

507
00:29:01,920 --> 00:29:05,120
Speaker 1: one point one in the New York metro area and

508
00:29:05,320 --> 00:29:07,600
Speaker 1: ninety point one in the Hudson Valley. Right, that's right.

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00:29:07,680 --> 00:29:10,760
Speaker 1: Friday's from seven to eight pm. You can support us

510
00:29:10,800 --> 00:29:13,280
Speaker 1: on the radio, and they're cutting together some of our

511
00:29:13,400 --> 00:29:16,320
Speaker 1: archives in the new and exciting ways. So there you

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00:29:16,400 --> 00:29:20,920
Speaker 1: have it. That's it. Yeah um. If you want to

513
00:29:20,960 --> 00:29:24,480
Speaker 1: send us an email about what power pop yeah yeah yeah,

514
00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:26,560
Speaker 1: or if you're a member of a power pop band,

515
00:29:26,640 --> 00:29:30,000
Speaker 1: sure shoot it to Stuff Podcast at how stuff works

516
00:29:30,080 --> 00:29:37,640
Speaker 1: dot com. Be sure to check out our new video podcast,

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00:29:37,880 --> 00:29:40,719
Speaker 1: Stuff from the Future. Join how Stuff Work staff as

518
00:29:40,760 --> 00:29:44,440
Speaker 1: we explore the most promising and perplexing possibilities of tomorrow,

519
00:29:47,160 --> 00:29:49,760
Speaker 1: brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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00:29:50,080 --> 00:29:51,080
Speaker 1: It's ready, are you