1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,920 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:07,480 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey I'm Eves and you're listening to This 3 00:00:07,560 --> 00:00:10,840 Speaker 1: Day in History Class, a podcast that proves history is 4 00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:25,840 Speaker 1: always happening. Today it's October two. The day was October two. 5 00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:30,960 Speaker 1: The book The Obedience of a Christian Man by English 6 00:00:30,960 --> 00:00:36,320 Speaker 1: Protestant author William Tindal, was first printed in Antwerp, Belgium. 7 00:00:36,320 --> 00:00:38,640 Speaker 1: In the book, Tindall said that kings were the head 8 00:00:38,680 --> 00:00:41,839 Speaker 1: of their country's church and were accountable to God, not 9 00:00:42,120 --> 00:00:44,880 Speaker 1: to the Pope. The book is one of the key 10 00:00:44,960 --> 00:00:48,279 Speaker 1: texts in the English Reformation of period in the sixteenth 11 00:00:48,360 --> 00:00:52,120 Speaker 1: century when reformers challenged the authority of the pope and 12 00:00:52,360 --> 00:00:56,560 Speaker 1: the Roman Catholic Church. Tindal was a scholar in theologian. 13 00:00:57,040 --> 00:00:59,600 Speaker 1: He was also a linguist who became fluent in several 14 00:00:59,680 --> 00:01:04,039 Speaker 1: language is over the years, including French, Greek, Hebrew, and Latin, 15 00:01:05,120 --> 00:01:08,520 Speaker 1: but his religious views grew to be radical and controversial. 16 00:01:09,160 --> 00:01:12,800 Speaker 1: Influenced by the Reformation, Tindall believed that only the Bible 17 00:01:12,840 --> 00:01:16,600 Speaker 1: should determine the doctrine of the Church. He also thought 18 00:01:16,600 --> 00:01:20,240 Speaker 1: that translating the New Testament into English would allow people 19 00:01:20,240 --> 00:01:23,399 Speaker 1: to have their own understanding of scripture rather than one 20 00:01:23,480 --> 00:01:27,520 Speaker 1: determined by the Catholic Church. The translation of the Bible 21 00:01:27,560 --> 00:01:30,959 Speaker 1: that the Roman Catholic Church used, the Vulgate, was in Latin, 22 00:01:31,560 --> 00:01:34,600 Speaker 1: so the Bible was read in church in Latin, which 23 00:01:34,760 --> 00:01:39,600 Speaker 1: few people attending religious services could understand. But the Church, 24 00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:43,240 Speaker 1: wary of anyone or anything that may challenge tradition, required 25 00:01:43,280 --> 00:01:48,440 Speaker 1: ecclesiastical approval of translations and readings of the Bible in English. 26 00:01:48,840 --> 00:01:52,200 Speaker 1: Reformer John Wycliffe and those who promoted his views, known 27 00:01:52,240 --> 00:01:55,960 Speaker 1: as Lollards, were persecuted as heretics for their defiance of 28 00:01:56,000 --> 00:02:00,000 Speaker 1: the beliefs and practices of the Church and their translations 29 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:04,320 Speaker 1: of the Bible into English. But even though having unauthorized 30 00:02:04,360 --> 00:02:08,079 Speaker 1: English translations of the scriptures could result in charges of heresy, 31 00:02:08,240 --> 00:02:12,960 Speaker 1: people still read English translations and reformers acknowledged the Bible 32 00:02:13,040 --> 00:02:16,440 Speaker 1: as the highest authority of the Biblical word, not the Pope, 33 00:02:17,480 --> 00:02:20,840 Speaker 1: and Tendaal was determined to translate the Bible into English, 34 00:02:21,200 --> 00:02:26,000 Speaker 1: even after church authorities in England refused his requests. He 35 00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:30,600 Speaker 1: left England and by he had completed his translation of 36 00:02:30,600 --> 00:02:33,920 Speaker 1: the New Testament, and by the next year printing of 37 00:02:33,919 --> 00:02:37,440 Speaker 1: the New Testament was complete. It was the first New 38 00:02:37,480 --> 00:02:40,120 Speaker 1: Testament in English to be mass produced with the printing 39 00:02:40,160 --> 00:02:45,000 Speaker 1: press rather than being handwritten. Thousands of copies of Tindal's 40 00:02:45,080 --> 00:02:48,040 Speaker 1: New Testament were printed by the time he was executed 41 00:02:48,040 --> 00:02:52,080 Speaker 1: in fifteen thirty six for heresy, and it influenced later 42 00:02:52,120 --> 00:02:57,680 Speaker 1: Bible translations, including the sixteen eleven King James Bible. Tendaal 43 00:02:57,800 --> 00:03:00,560 Speaker 1: also published other books in which he could size the 44 00:03:00,600 --> 00:03:04,080 Speaker 1: practices of the Catholic Church. One of the most influential 45 00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:07,240 Speaker 1: was The Obedience of a Christian Man, though the original 46 00:03:07,240 --> 00:03:10,440 Speaker 1: title of it is much longer than that. The book 47 00:03:10,480 --> 00:03:14,320 Speaker 1: is divided into three main sections, preceded by two introductions. 48 00:03:14,960 --> 00:03:18,280 Speaker 1: The first section discusses God's laws of obedience and the 49 00:03:18,320 --> 00:03:21,920 Speaker 1: people bound to obey them. The second express is how 50 00:03:21,960 --> 00:03:25,480 Speaker 1: the people who have authority should rule, and the third 51 00:03:25,520 --> 00:03:29,400 Speaker 1: affirms that the literal sense of scripture is spiritual. In 52 00:03:29,440 --> 00:03:32,639 Speaker 1: the book, he said that worshippers should affirm the authority 53 00:03:32,680 --> 00:03:36,120 Speaker 1: of the Bible over any other authority, like the Catholic 54 00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:39,800 Speaker 1: Church and the Pope. The book also claimed that God 55 00:03:39,840 --> 00:03:44,600 Speaker 1: appointed kings who were authorities of their realms. Anne Boleyn 56 00:03:44,800 --> 00:03:48,160 Speaker 1: owned a copy of the book, which, according to anecdotal evidence, 57 00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:51,720 Speaker 1: was eventually shown to King Henry the Eighth. It's been 58 00:03:51,760 --> 00:03:54,520 Speaker 1: claimed that the king liked the stance on papal authority 59 00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:57,280 Speaker 1: expressed in the book, and that the book influenced the 60 00:03:57,360 --> 00:04:00,760 Speaker 1: Act of Supremacy, which declared Henry the Eighth and his 61 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:03,960 Speaker 1: successors the supreme head of the Church of England instead 62 00:04:03,960 --> 00:04:09,040 Speaker 1: of the Pope. Those claims are unsubstantiated. Other books Tenda 63 00:04:09,080 --> 00:04:11,960 Speaker 1: wrote include The Parable of the Wicked Mammon and The 64 00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:16,200 Speaker 1: Practice of the Prelates. I'm Eves Jeff Code and hopefully 65 00:04:16,240 --> 00:04:18,479 Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you 66 00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:22,560 Speaker 1: did yesterday. If you'd like to follow us on social media, 67 00:04:22,960 --> 00:04:25,760 Speaker 1: you can do so at p D I h C 68 00:04:26,200 --> 00:04:31,640 Speaker 1: Podcast on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook. You can also email 69 00:04:31,720 --> 00:04:36,400 Speaker 1: us at this Day at I heart media dot com. 70 00:04:36,440 --> 00:04:45,080 Speaker 1: Thanks again for listening and we'll see you tomorrow. For 71 00:04:45,200 --> 00:04:47,920 Speaker 1: more podcasts from I Heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, 72 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:50,560 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.