1 00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:09,680 Speaker 1: Welcome to Invention, a production of I Heart Radio. Hey, 2 00:00:09,800 --> 00:00:12,639 Speaker 1: welcome to Invention. My name is Robert Lamb and I'm 3 00:00:12,720 --> 00:00:15,520 Speaker 1: Joe McCormick, and we're back with part three of our 4 00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:18,840 Speaker 1: exploration of air conditioning. And what do we talk about 5 00:00:18,840 --> 00:00:21,840 Speaker 1: in the last couple of parts. Uh, Well, we we 6 00:00:21,880 --> 00:00:24,240 Speaker 1: took a journey. We first of all, we we started 7 00:00:24,320 --> 00:00:27,080 Speaker 1: in uh, in the ancient world, and we talked about 8 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:32,720 Speaker 1: just how people have approached living in hot environments, in 9 00:00:32,720 --> 00:00:36,800 Speaker 1: in hot cities, especially uh, you know, since the dawn 10 00:00:36,840 --> 00:00:39,720 Speaker 1: of human civilization. Yeah, And some of these solutions for 11 00:00:39,800 --> 00:00:42,199 Speaker 1: dealing with the heat before the invention of air conditioning 12 00:00:42,200 --> 00:00:45,720 Speaker 1: were cultural. They were like about you know where life 13 00:00:45,760 --> 00:00:48,839 Speaker 1: takes place, and you know where you do certain things 14 00:00:48,920 --> 00:00:52,720 Speaker 1: and under what conditions. And other solutions would be more architectural, 15 00:00:52,800 --> 00:00:56,440 Speaker 1: Like we talked about that ingenious solution from ancient Persia 16 00:00:56,520 --> 00:00:59,600 Speaker 1: involving the wind catchers and the underground channels of water 17 00:00:59,680 --> 00:01:02,360 Speaker 1: called the connots that would cool the air that flowed 18 00:01:02,360 --> 00:01:05,640 Speaker 1: through buildings that way. And of course, millions of people 19 00:01:05,640 --> 00:01:08,039 Speaker 1: in hot climates around the world still don't have air 20 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:11,480 Speaker 1: conditioning today, and they use older techniques and strategies to 21 00:01:11,520 --> 00:01:12,920 Speaker 1: deal with the heat. So a lot of these things 22 00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:16,320 Speaker 1: we're talking about are not things of the past. They're just, uh, 23 00:01:16,840 --> 00:01:19,800 Speaker 1: they're less a part of culture in places where air 24 00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:22,880 Speaker 1: conditioning is now prevalent. But then, of course we got 25 00:01:22,920 --> 00:01:27,600 Speaker 1: into the invention of the true air conditioning system, right. 26 00:01:27,640 --> 00:01:30,440 Speaker 1: We talked about John Gory, the doctor from Appalachical of 27 00:01:30,480 --> 00:01:34,360 Speaker 1: Florida who developed a chemical process for manufacturing ice for 28 00:01:34,400 --> 00:01:36,880 Speaker 1: the purpose of cooling hospital rooms. Also we talked about 29 00:01:36,880 --> 00:01:39,520 Speaker 1: the ice King, Frederick Tutor in the ice trade, which 30 00:01:39,600 --> 00:01:43,040 Speaker 1: was a fun diversion. And we also talked about Willis Carrier, 31 00:01:43,080 --> 00:01:48,840 Speaker 1: the American inventor who created a dehumidification process for industrial 32 00:01:48,960 --> 00:01:52,280 Speaker 1: printing spaces. But then of course quickly realized that this 33 00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:54,920 Speaker 1: technology could be used to cool and dry the air 34 00:01:55,040 --> 00:01:58,760 Speaker 1: for human comfort in homes and businesses. And that's sort 35 00:01:58,760 --> 00:02:01,080 Speaker 1: of that that's the money in site, right that, you know, 36 00:02:01,160 --> 00:02:04,360 Speaker 1: the rubbing the fingers together moment. And so of course 37 00:02:04,600 --> 00:02:07,600 Speaker 1: this luxury had massive appeal when it was new. Having 38 00:02:07,600 --> 00:02:11,440 Speaker 1: a cool building during the sweltering days of August. Imagine 39 00:02:11,440 --> 00:02:15,040 Speaker 1: when that was a near total novelty. Yeah, And so 40 00:02:15,080 --> 00:02:17,240 Speaker 1: this episode is going to to look at how this 41 00:02:17,440 --> 00:02:21,600 Speaker 1: novelty unfolded, particularly in the United States, but also looking 42 00:02:21,639 --> 00:02:25,239 Speaker 1: at some examples from elsewhere in the world, UH, to 43 00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:29,640 Speaker 1: show how it ends up transforming UH society to a 44 00:02:29,639 --> 00:02:32,520 Speaker 1: certain extent, certainly, and also transforming a number of other 45 00:02:32,880 --> 00:02:36,480 Speaker 1: aspects of our modern life. I think you could argue 46 00:02:36,639 --> 00:02:39,440 Speaker 1: that the legacy of air conditioning is one of the 47 00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:45,960 Speaker 1: most underappreciated technological influences shaping the last hundred years of 48 00:02:46,080 --> 00:02:48,880 Speaker 1: especially American culture, but culture probably all over the world. 49 00:02:49,120 --> 00:02:51,840 Speaker 1: I mean, certainly for those of us who grew up 50 00:02:52,400 --> 00:02:54,280 Speaker 1: with it. You know, if you if you grew up 51 00:02:54,440 --> 00:02:57,680 Speaker 1: in a time during which air conditioning was readily available, 52 00:02:57,680 --> 00:03:00,880 Speaker 1: if you grew up uh, you know, but privileged enough 53 00:03:00,919 --> 00:03:04,600 Speaker 1: to to have access to air conditioning all the time, 54 00:03:04,639 --> 00:03:07,240 Speaker 1: and of course if you lived in an environment where 55 00:03:07,320 --> 00:03:11,280 Speaker 1: it was a practical necessity. Because certainly, as was well discussed, 56 00:03:11,280 --> 00:03:12,760 Speaker 1: there are plenty of places in the world where you 57 00:03:12,880 --> 00:03:16,120 Speaker 1: don't need an air conditioning system even a window unit, 58 00:03:16,440 --> 00:03:19,200 Speaker 1: or if you do, you rarely need to employ it, 59 00:03:19,320 --> 00:03:22,080 Speaker 1: So maybe you have less of an appreciation for it 60 00:03:22,120 --> 00:03:25,280 Speaker 1: in those places. Yeah, I was actually to talk. I 61 00:03:25,360 --> 00:03:27,440 Speaker 1: was just out of town for a little while. I 62 00:03:27,480 --> 00:03:30,560 Speaker 1: went on a vacation to England and France, and they're 63 00:03:31,040 --> 00:03:33,120 Speaker 1: pretty much all the places we stayed in did not 64 00:03:33,240 --> 00:03:35,920 Speaker 1: have air conditioning. And it was you know, this was 65 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:39,040 Speaker 1: during September, still pretty warm outside while we were there, 66 00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:42,440 Speaker 1: but we just opened the windows up and nice cool 67 00:03:42,560 --> 00:03:45,880 Speaker 1: air flows in all all the time. And like, it's 68 00:03:45,880 --> 00:03:49,560 Speaker 1: amazing the difference between the difference of opening a window 69 00:03:49,680 --> 00:03:52,880 Speaker 1: in Paris versus opening a window in Atlanta on a 70 00:03:52,920 --> 00:03:55,560 Speaker 1: summer evening, which is just like, you know, it just 71 00:03:55,640 --> 00:03:57,920 Speaker 1: lets the swamp air right in. It doesn't seem to 72 00:03:57,960 --> 00:04:02,640 Speaker 1: cool enough. Yeah. Yeah, um places also come to mind, Hawaii, 73 00:04:02,920 --> 00:04:06,000 Speaker 1: or at least parts of why you'll you'll find in 74 00:04:06,040 --> 00:04:09,200 Speaker 1: a lot of people living happily without an air conditioning 75 00:04:09,240 --> 00:04:12,760 Speaker 1: system just because you have a regular, you know, dependable 76 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:16,240 Speaker 1: temperature more you know, year round. But also you get 77 00:04:16,279 --> 00:04:19,120 Speaker 1: a nice specific breeze, which is less the case in 78 00:04:19,160 --> 00:04:22,000 Speaker 1: a lot of places around the world where you know, 79 00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:24,120 Speaker 1: you open a window and it just doesn't seem to 80 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:26,120 Speaker 1: relieve very much, especially if you live in one of 81 00:04:26,120 --> 00:04:29,520 Speaker 1: these houses that has not been designed to create cross 82 00:04:29,560 --> 00:04:32,560 Speaker 1: breezes and all that, right, houses that have been designed 83 00:04:32,560 --> 00:04:36,120 Speaker 1: to depend upon air conditioning. Yeah, so Uh, yeah, we're 84 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:38,040 Speaker 1: gonna pick up more or less where we left out 85 00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:41,839 Speaker 1: off then. And so this new invention was impressing people. 86 00:04:41,880 --> 00:04:44,040 Speaker 1: People were thinking a lot about how to roll it out. 87 00:04:44,640 --> 00:04:47,240 Speaker 1: Industrial buildings and hospitals were some of the first to 88 00:04:47,320 --> 00:04:50,480 Speaker 1: jump in their hospitals, not surprising since the hospital plays 89 00:04:50,520 --> 00:04:55,000 Speaker 1: into the origin story itself. And then, of course, uh, 90 00:04:55,480 --> 00:04:57,440 Speaker 1: you're you're probably wondering, well, who is the first person 91 00:04:57,480 --> 00:05:00,720 Speaker 1: to put one of these puppies in their home, because 92 00:05:00,760 --> 00:05:03,760 Speaker 1: obviously that's the reality most of us, or a lot 93 00:05:03,760 --> 00:05:06,880 Speaker 1: of us anyway, live in Well, Charles Gates, son of 94 00:05:07,000 --> 00:05:11,880 Speaker 1: industrialists and uh and gambler John Gates, was the first 95 00:05:11,920 --> 00:05:14,560 Speaker 1: to set one up in their home in nineteen fourteen. 96 00:05:14,880 --> 00:05:20,719 Speaker 1: And get this, Minneapolis, Minapolis, what not in Florida, not 97 00:05:20,839 --> 00:05:24,240 Speaker 1: in Texas or that's strange? Well, hey, I mean because 98 00:05:24,279 --> 00:05:27,240 Speaker 1: basically we're looking at a time during which to have 99 00:05:27,320 --> 00:05:30,400 Speaker 1: a home air conditioning system was a manner matter of 100 00:05:30,480 --> 00:05:35,360 Speaker 1: just pure privilege and in luxury and uh, and that's 101 00:05:35,360 --> 00:05:39,240 Speaker 1: not going to be confined by you know, geographic constraints. 102 00:05:39,240 --> 00:05:41,920 Speaker 1: But man, in Minneapolis, I mean, how many years, how 103 00:05:41,920 --> 00:05:44,800 Speaker 1: many months of the year would that even be useful? Well, 104 00:05:44,920 --> 00:05:46,520 Speaker 1: it also makes me wonder how many months the year 105 00:05:46,560 --> 00:05:48,440 Speaker 1: could you depend on this thing to work, because because 106 00:05:48,440 --> 00:05:50,159 Speaker 1: one of the point, one of the things we're going 107 00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:52,000 Speaker 1: to touch on here is how some of these systems 108 00:05:52,040 --> 00:05:57,080 Speaker 1: were were a little problematic, so innovations in the nineteen 109 00:05:57,080 --> 00:05:59,720 Speaker 1: twenties would make them smaller and more more affordable and 110 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:03,560 Speaker 1: allowed the tech to spread. But as Marcia E. Ackerman 111 00:06:03,640 --> 00:06:06,160 Speaker 1: points out in her book Cool Comfort, which is an 112 00:06:06,200 --> 00:06:10,560 Speaker 1: excellent book about the UH the History of of air 113 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:14,520 Speaker 1: conditioning UH in the United States, she points out that 114 00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:17,360 Speaker 1: in the early twentieth century especially, there were not many 115 00:06:17,400 --> 00:06:20,680 Speaker 1: places where an investment in a costly a C system 116 00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:25,120 Speaker 1: would give you a return on your investment, except for quote, 117 00:06:25,200 --> 00:06:29,839 Speaker 1: huge halls in which multitudes assembled for entertainment. Okay, yeah, 118 00:06:29,839 --> 00:06:31,600 Speaker 1: because I mean otherwise it is just a matter you've 119 00:06:31,600 --> 00:06:34,760 Speaker 1: got to be this this super rich individual who can 120 00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:36,640 Speaker 1: just blow a whole bunch of money on an air 121 00:06:36,640 --> 00:06:39,360 Speaker 1: conditioning system. You need something where you're actually going to 122 00:06:39,400 --> 00:06:41,400 Speaker 1: be able to make the money back on it. And 123 00:06:41,400 --> 00:06:45,080 Speaker 1: of course this leads us inevitably to theaters, and she 124 00:06:45,120 --> 00:06:47,400 Speaker 1: points out that there were some early success stories even 125 00:06:47,440 --> 00:06:51,040 Speaker 1: before this point, with just traditional theaters such as uh 126 00:06:51,120 --> 00:06:55,479 Speaker 1: an eight eight performance by Edwin Booth and yes, uh 127 00:06:55,640 --> 00:06:59,600 Speaker 1: related to the other Booth actor really yeah, yeah, they 128 00:06:59,600 --> 00:07:04,760 Speaker 1: were brothers, I believe, um, but rather different individuals. And 129 00:07:05,040 --> 00:07:09,760 Speaker 1: Edwin Booth, you know, and a famous individual within uh 130 00:07:09,800 --> 00:07:12,160 Speaker 1: you know, the acting scenes, certainly of New York City. 131 00:07:12,200 --> 00:07:14,520 Speaker 1: So but anyway, there was an eighteen eighty performance by 132 00:07:14,640 --> 00:07:16,920 Speaker 1: Edwin Booth on a hundred degree day in New York 133 00:07:16,960 --> 00:07:20,240 Speaker 1: City's Madison Square Theater and it was described at the 134 00:07:20,280 --> 00:07:23,920 Speaker 1: time by English novelist Mary Duff's hardy um and it's 135 00:07:23,960 --> 00:07:25,840 Speaker 1: you know, because she was really impressed with it, and 136 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:27,680 Speaker 1: it's like here you go into this theater and it's 137 00:07:27,720 --> 00:07:31,760 Speaker 1: it's sweltering outside and it's cool inside. Because generally, if 138 00:07:31,800 --> 00:07:33,720 Speaker 1: you within a time before air conditioning, what happens when 139 00:07:33,720 --> 00:07:36,200 Speaker 1: a whole bunch of people gathering in inclosed space to 140 00:07:36,320 --> 00:07:38,880 Speaker 1: watch performance. Okay, so that's a teen eighty and that's 141 00:07:38,960 --> 00:07:41,240 Speaker 1: before Willis carriers, So they must have been using some 142 00:07:41,280 --> 00:07:43,960 Speaker 1: more primitive method to cool the theater there. Yeah, but 143 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:45,800 Speaker 1: there were there were also a lot of failures during 144 00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:48,800 Speaker 1: this time and and certainly in the decades to follow. 145 00:07:48,800 --> 00:07:52,760 Speaker 1: Getting the early twentieth century, you know, despite the realization 146 00:07:52,760 --> 00:07:55,600 Speaker 1: that a C could really turn things around for sweaty 147 00:07:55,640 --> 00:07:58,960 Speaker 1: spectator events. Also in the early twentieth century, they were 148 00:07:59,160 --> 00:08:03,080 Speaker 1: public health and initiatives to legislate ventilation in places like 149 00:08:03,160 --> 00:08:05,600 Speaker 1: this in order to prevent the spread of respiratory illnesses 150 00:08:05,640 --> 00:08:10,400 Speaker 1: like tuberculosis. So this brings us, of course to the 151 00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:13,680 Speaker 1: movie theaters, because it's the movie theater of where we're 152 00:08:13,680 --> 00:08:17,400 Speaker 1: going to see the real rollout of air conditioning. You know, 153 00:08:17,400 --> 00:08:19,400 Speaker 1: a lot of this was during the Great Depression as well, 154 00:08:19,440 --> 00:08:23,120 Speaker 1: you know, a time of of of great economic hardship. 155 00:08:23,320 --> 00:08:25,640 Speaker 1: So there would there would have been new a C technology, 156 00:08:25,680 --> 00:08:27,920 Speaker 1: but people wouldn't have had a lot of excess income 157 00:08:28,000 --> 00:08:30,640 Speaker 1: to spend on installing them in their houses exactly like, 158 00:08:30,680 --> 00:08:32,640 Speaker 1: so that the technology is really coming on board, but 159 00:08:32,640 --> 00:08:37,480 Speaker 1: there's a very little market for for home use. But 160 00:08:37,720 --> 00:08:40,920 Speaker 1: theaters saw a return on their investment by deploying them. 161 00:08:41,120 --> 00:08:43,400 Speaker 1: And some think that the air conditioning helped usher in 162 00:08:43,440 --> 00:08:46,560 Speaker 1: the golden age of Hollywood. That's really interesting. Now not 163 00:08:46,600 --> 00:08:49,240 Speaker 1: to discount all those B movies of the nineteen thirties, 164 00:08:49,360 --> 00:08:51,760 Speaker 1: or the newsreels or the shorts, because you know, what 165 00:08:51,840 --> 00:08:53,880 Speaker 1: better time than the Great depression to escape into the 166 00:08:53,920 --> 00:08:57,600 Speaker 1: realm of cinema while also staying abreast of current events. 167 00:08:58,080 --> 00:09:00,360 Speaker 1: But on top of that, it was actually cool inside. 168 00:09:00,440 --> 00:09:03,840 Speaker 1: It was dry inside even better right. Uh And this 169 00:09:03,880 --> 00:09:06,600 Speaker 1: has also been presented as part of the origin of 170 00:09:06,679 --> 00:09:11,040 Speaker 1: the summer movie blockbuster. Okay also makes sense. Yeah. And 171 00:09:11,280 --> 00:09:15,200 Speaker 1: if you go on to YouTube or you know related side, 172 00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:18,000 Speaker 1: and you look around, you can find some wonderful promos 173 00:09:18,120 --> 00:09:22,040 Speaker 1: from this era that heavily advertised the air conditioning. I 174 00:09:22,040 --> 00:09:25,559 Speaker 1: found one from nineteen forty nineties advertising the theater as 175 00:09:25,600 --> 00:09:28,079 Speaker 1: the coolest place in town. Yeah. I checked out these 176 00:09:28,120 --> 00:09:30,280 Speaker 1: links you sent. Oh one of them. It starts with 177 00:09:30,360 --> 00:09:33,840 Speaker 1: the line if nature is wonderful, then our air conditioning 178 00:09:33,920 --> 00:09:38,400 Speaker 1: system is out of this world hyphenated. Somebody hyphens in 179 00:09:38,480 --> 00:09:41,680 Speaker 1: English texts at the time, especially in ads, but also 180 00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:43,920 Speaker 1: I in a different article I was reading, I found 181 00:09:43,920 --> 00:09:46,280 Speaker 1: a reference to a nineteen twenty six ad for a 182 00:09:46,320 --> 00:09:50,600 Speaker 1: movie theater in St. Petersburg, Florida, which said the proud 183 00:09:50,679 --> 00:09:53,600 Speaker 1: management had the temperature down so low that ladies in 184 00:09:53,720 --> 00:09:58,439 Speaker 1: evening dresses almost froze. Another thing that I noticed about 185 00:09:58,440 --> 00:10:03,800 Speaker 1: these ads is uh, some implicating that cool air conditioned 186 00:10:03,800 --> 00:10:07,480 Speaker 1: air is somehow clean as opposed to what I guess 187 00:10:07,480 --> 00:10:10,360 Speaker 1: like dirty warm air. We talked to the previous part 188 00:10:10,360 --> 00:10:14,880 Speaker 1: of the series about why cold water psychologically seems cleaner 189 00:10:14,880 --> 00:10:18,120 Speaker 1: than tepid water. Is something similar going on here, like 190 00:10:18,360 --> 00:10:20,640 Speaker 1: does it feel like cold air coming out of the 191 00:10:20,640 --> 00:10:24,280 Speaker 1: air conditioner? Is is sterile? Is clean somehow? I mean 192 00:10:24,280 --> 00:10:27,200 Speaker 1: you can still catch you know, TV being circulated through it. 193 00:10:27,240 --> 00:10:30,880 Speaker 1: I'm sure, yeah, yeah, I think. I mean, I guess 194 00:10:30,880 --> 00:10:33,199 Speaker 1: it comes down to just the feeling that it is refreshing, 195 00:10:33,760 --> 00:10:37,120 Speaker 1: and refreshment is good refreshment, and then we equate that 196 00:10:37,160 --> 00:10:39,240 Speaker 1: with health, and you know, we probably buy into some 197 00:10:39,280 --> 00:10:42,439 Speaker 1: of these old concepts like the asthma theory to some extent, 198 00:10:42,480 --> 00:10:45,080 Speaker 1: even if we're not familiar with the term, Like, there's 199 00:10:45,080 --> 00:10:47,880 Speaker 1: a legacy of the kind of of that kind of belief, 200 00:10:48,440 --> 00:10:49,840 Speaker 1: and I'm a guilty of it as anyone like I 201 00:10:49,840 --> 00:10:52,520 Speaker 1: remember as a kid, like like I would I would 202 00:10:52,520 --> 00:10:55,040 Speaker 1: love to just stick my face against the air conditioning though, 203 00:10:55,440 --> 00:10:56,839 Speaker 1: and just take in the cold air. I wouldn't do 204 00:10:56,880 --> 00:10:59,280 Speaker 1: that with the with the heat, but with the cold air, 205 00:10:59,320 --> 00:11:02,000 Speaker 1: it was just this feeling that this was pure, you know, 206 00:11:02,320 --> 00:11:05,760 Speaker 1: even though obviously wasn't This is a funny memory. I 207 00:11:05,800 --> 00:11:09,880 Speaker 1: remember when I was much younger, during times when I 208 00:11:09,920 --> 00:11:13,160 Speaker 1: was having anxiety, Like you know, I was freaking out 209 00:11:13,200 --> 00:11:15,959 Speaker 1: about whatever my little mind was freaking out about back then. 210 00:11:16,040 --> 00:11:19,880 Speaker 1: But I remember leaning over an air conditioner and breathing 211 00:11:19,920 --> 00:11:23,840 Speaker 1: the cold air coming out of the vent somehow was 212 00:11:23,960 --> 00:11:28,439 Speaker 1: anxiety relieving to me with a little mask. I did 213 00:11:28,440 --> 00:11:31,560 Speaker 1: not have a mask, but yeah, I don't know why 214 00:11:31,600 --> 00:11:33,880 Speaker 1: that was, but at any right, this became just part 215 00:11:33,960 --> 00:11:36,880 Speaker 1: of the theater offering. And, as Ackerman points out in 216 00:11:36,880 --> 00:11:39,760 Speaker 1: her book quote, by promising to do more for comfort 217 00:11:39,880 --> 00:11:44,599 Speaker 1: and health than simply move air around, air conditioning reinforce 218 00:11:44,679 --> 00:11:49,439 Speaker 1: the novelty, modernity, and luxury of the movie going experience. 219 00:11:49,840 --> 00:11:52,120 Speaker 1: This is so interesting because it could be another one 220 00:11:52,160 --> 00:11:55,480 Speaker 1: of the many ways that we don't often consider brute 221 00:11:55,520 --> 00:12:00,320 Speaker 1: force technological realities influencing media throughout history. You know, we 222 00:12:00,440 --> 00:12:03,400 Speaker 1: like to think of movies and books and recorded music 223 00:12:03,440 --> 00:12:06,480 Speaker 1: and all that solely as products of the creative process 224 00:12:06,600 --> 00:12:09,439 Speaker 1: by the artist. You know, they're just they're creative output. 225 00:12:09,920 --> 00:12:13,560 Speaker 1: But these works of art and forms of entertainment are 226 00:12:13,600 --> 00:12:17,200 Speaker 1: they're highly influenced by brute facts about the physical conditions 227 00:12:17,280 --> 00:12:19,600 Speaker 1: under which they were produced or under which they are 228 00:12:19,640 --> 00:12:21,679 Speaker 1: experienced by the audience. And we talked about this in 229 00:12:21,720 --> 00:12:24,880 Speaker 1: our Motion Picture episode, Yeah You Want You want to. 230 00:12:25,120 --> 00:12:28,679 Speaker 1: You probably prefer the idea that people were just enraptured 231 00:12:28,720 --> 00:12:31,840 Speaker 1: by these these cinematic marvels taking place, and not so 232 00:12:31,920 --> 00:12:35,280 Speaker 1: much that well, they they're they're groin was just super 233 00:12:35,280 --> 00:12:38,400 Speaker 1: sweaty and they're just tired of walking around and swamp pants. 234 00:12:38,840 --> 00:12:41,360 Speaker 1: But that's sort of coming at it from the opposite perspective. 235 00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:45,319 Speaker 1: I mean, we talked a lot about physical realities influencing 236 00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:47,800 Speaker 1: the early days of film from the production side, right, 237 00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:50,880 Speaker 1: you know, like about the the standard lengths and you know, 238 00:12:50,920 --> 00:12:53,240 Speaker 1: whether they had sound with them and all that, and 239 00:12:53,240 --> 00:12:55,880 Speaker 1: that influenced conventions of the genres early on, or the 240 00:12:55,920 --> 00:12:58,960 Speaker 1: fact that there was no film editing early on. But 241 00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:01,600 Speaker 1: then this is coming at it from the other side, 242 00:13:01,640 --> 00:13:04,920 Speaker 1: just like the conditions under which films are shown had 243 00:13:05,040 --> 00:13:07,840 Speaker 1: something to do with the business of film in those days, 244 00:13:07,880 --> 00:13:10,720 Speaker 1: which ultimately dictated something about what kinds of films were 245 00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:13,760 Speaker 1: successful and what kinds of films were made. I mean, 246 00:13:13,880 --> 00:13:16,160 Speaker 1: I'm thinking about how if I was just going into 247 00:13:16,160 --> 00:13:18,000 Speaker 1: a theater to get out of the heat, and that's 248 00:13:18,040 --> 00:13:21,240 Speaker 1: all it was. What would I what? What kind of 249 00:13:21,240 --> 00:13:22,679 Speaker 1: movie would I want to see? I might just want 250 00:13:22,679 --> 00:13:26,720 Speaker 1: to see whatever movies longest or or indeed, like just 251 00:13:26,760 --> 00:13:29,440 Speaker 1: give me a block of stuff. It can be films 252 00:13:29,440 --> 00:13:31,080 Speaker 1: that can be sure, it's it gonna be the newsreel. 253 00:13:31,160 --> 00:13:34,440 Speaker 1: I'll just set for whatever. Uh just just just show 254 00:13:34,440 --> 00:13:36,320 Speaker 1: it to me and let me cool down a little. 255 00:13:36,679 --> 00:13:39,559 Speaker 1: So according to the U. S Department of Energy, uh 256 00:13:39,600 --> 00:13:41,600 Speaker 1: A C units started making their way into theaters in 257 00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:45,200 Speaker 1: the nineteen twenties, and the earliest systems, though, were simply 258 00:13:45,320 --> 00:13:49,760 Speaker 1: heating systems that were modified with refrigeration equipment, which managed 259 00:13:49,800 --> 00:13:53,280 Speaker 1: to cool the lower seats but left the balcony muggy 260 00:13:53,400 --> 00:13:55,959 Speaker 1: and sweltering, and there are even accounts of people on 261 00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:58,520 Speaker 1: the lower levels having to wrap their feet in newspaper 262 00:13:58,600 --> 00:14:01,480 Speaker 1: paper to stay warm again while people in the balcony 263 00:14:01,559 --> 00:14:04,800 Speaker 1: sweated it out. And it wasn't until nineteen two that 264 00:14:04,880 --> 00:14:08,080 Speaker 1: Carrier installed the first true theater A C system in 265 00:14:08,120 --> 00:14:11,800 Speaker 1: the Metropolitan Theater in Los Angeles, and then the Rivoli 266 00:14:11,920 --> 00:14:14,160 Speaker 1: Theater in New York got an updated version in nine 267 00:14:16,160 --> 00:14:19,840 Speaker 1: and UH they revol he proudly advertised at the time 268 00:14:19,880 --> 00:14:22,920 Speaker 1: that they kept their theater cooled to a constant sixty 269 00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:27,200 Speaker 1: nine degrees fahrenheit or twenty six degrees celsius. That is, 270 00:14:27,640 --> 00:14:31,400 Speaker 1: I mean, to each their own, But that is too cold. Yeah, 271 00:14:31,400 --> 00:14:33,840 Speaker 1: I think once you get lower if you're talking about fahrenheit, 272 00:14:33,960 --> 00:14:36,560 Speaker 1: once you get lower than the low seventies, what the 273 00:14:36,600 --> 00:14:39,480 Speaker 1: heck are you doing? Yeah, Like, I'm not one to 274 00:14:39,520 --> 00:14:42,480 Speaker 1: turn the thermostat in my own house down anywhere near 275 00:14:42,520 --> 00:14:45,360 Speaker 1: that low. And and if I go into a place 276 00:14:45,400 --> 00:14:46,840 Speaker 1: that is that. I mean. The other thing is like, 277 00:14:46,880 --> 00:14:48,360 Speaker 1: you're not going to be dressed for it. I mean, 278 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:52,800 Speaker 1: I'm I think we all have experienced a cold theater before, 279 00:14:52,840 --> 00:14:54,400 Speaker 1: so imagined A lot of us know that if you're 280 00:14:54,400 --> 00:14:56,640 Speaker 1: going to a movie theater, you bring a hoodie, you 281 00:14:56,680 --> 00:14:59,640 Speaker 1: bring a jacket, etcetera. But but I'm imagining these like 282 00:14:59,680 --> 00:15:02,520 Speaker 1: people hot on the street looking to get out of 283 00:15:02,560 --> 00:15:04,880 Speaker 1: the heat and set down for a couple of hours 284 00:15:04,880 --> 00:15:07,640 Speaker 1: and watch the cinema and then uh, and then they 285 00:15:07,640 --> 00:15:09,480 Speaker 1: get in there and they're just gonna be like chilled 286 00:15:09,480 --> 00:15:11,360 Speaker 1: to the bone right because they're not dressed for it. 287 00:15:11,600 --> 00:15:16,240 Speaker 1: They didn't bring blankets with them. It's a it's a 288 00:15:16,280 --> 00:15:21,160 Speaker 1: three dog theater experience. Yeah, other theaters would boast that 289 00:15:21,240 --> 00:15:24,800 Speaker 1: it was quote twenty degrees cooler inside, which in some 290 00:15:24,880 --> 00:15:28,280 Speaker 1: cases was apparently arguable. Though that there were theaters where 291 00:15:28,280 --> 00:15:31,440 Speaker 1: people complained about the cold or said they actually became 292 00:15:31,520 --> 00:15:34,760 Speaker 1: ill because of the cold. There were even charges of 293 00:15:34,800 --> 00:15:37,480 Speaker 1: a c abuse. What does that mean that they were 294 00:15:37,520 --> 00:15:40,720 Speaker 1: just just chilling people out too much? Okay, yeah, this 295 00:15:40,800 --> 00:15:44,480 Speaker 1: apparently didn't I've been assaulted with an air conditioning unit. Yeah, yeah, 296 00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:47,240 Speaker 1: I mean. And also the whole time they're using icicles 297 00:15:47,240 --> 00:15:49,760 Speaker 1: and egg luede decorations and the promotion of it. I 298 00:15:49,800 --> 00:15:52,560 Speaker 1: saw some wonderful pictures where it is they're just really 299 00:15:52,680 --> 00:15:55,520 Speaker 1: driving at home, like come into the winter wonderland off 300 00:15:55,560 --> 00:15:57,840 Speaker 1: this theater. And there was apparently a lot of back 301 00:15:57,880 --> 00:15:59,920 Speaker 1: and forth, and this Acraman goes into more detail about 302 00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:03,800 Speaker 1: it with you know, certain crusaders for warmer theaters, uh, 303 00:16:03,920 --> 00:16:06,480 Speaker 1: you know, really getting some pressed. But then but but 304 00:16:06,520 --> 00:16:08,560 Speaker 1: the thing is it didn't apparently hurt ticket sales in 305 00:16:08,600 --> 00:16:11,920 Speaker 1: any like real meaningful way, and Ackerman points out that 306 00:16:12,160 --> 00:16:16,360 Speaker 1: the first drive in movie theater opened in June three 307 00:16:16,400 --> 00:16:19,360 Speaker 1: in Camden, New Jersey, and became a major force. Of course, 308 00:16:19,760 --> 00:16:22,160 Speaker 1: you know, in the nineteen fifties a major cultural force, 309 00:16:22,560 --> 00:16:26,160 Speaker 1: very popular. But their popularity challenges the notion that people 310 00:16:26,240 --> 00:16:31,520 Speaker 1: only wanted a chilly movie going experience, uh, which most 311 00:16:31,560 --> 00:16:33,680 Speaker 1: cars of the time, or maybe all cars at the time, 312 00:16:33,720 --> 00:16:36,800 Speaker 1: we're not air conditioned, right, Yeah, and the generally you're 313 00:16:36,800 --> 00:16:41,080 Speaker 1: turning your car off, turning the engine off. You're not 314 00:16:41,160 --> 00:16:43,320 Speaker 1: running the a C the whole time, right, It's it's 315 00:16:43,360 --> 00:16:46,720 Speaker 1: about watching a film more or less outdoors. And then 316 00:16:46,760 --> 00:16:51,840 Speaker 1: it wasn't just movie theaters during the Great Depression. Apparently restaurants, bakeries, libraries, 317 00:16:51,880 --> 00:16:56,280 Speaker 1: and museums eventually began uh experimenting with you know, enhanced 318 00:16:56,520 --> 00:17:00,320 Speaker 1: air conditioned environments and saw enhanced traffic because of it. 319 00:17:00,600 --> 00:17:04,480 Speaker 1: Department stores came into their own as well, and Ackerman 320 00:17:05,080 --> 00:17:10,439 Speaker 1: she hilariously describes uh department stores as basically being quote 321 00:17:10,480 --> 00:17:14,119 Speaker 1: theaters of things like that. But of course you can't 322 00:17:14,160 --> 00:17:18,040 Speaker 1: really charge admission to a department store, so you get 323 00:17:18,080 --> 00:17:20,639 Speaker 1: less of a return on an investment that way, and 324 00:17:20,720 --> 00:17:23,119 Speaker 1: she mentions like accounts of people who went to the 325 00:17:23,119 --> 00:17:26,639 Speaker 1: department store to stay cool and just like went around 326 00:17:26,640 --> 00:17:29,159 Speaker 1: trying on dresses they couldn't afford in order to just 327 00:17:29,920 --> 00:17:32,719 Speaker 1: to get out of the heat, but not really you know, 328 00:17:32,760 --> 00:17:35,159 Speaker 1: you know, spending that much money there. Oh, I don't know. 329 00:17:35,240 --> 00:17:38,160 Speaker 1: I mean I can see you get more people into 330 00:17:38,160 --> 00:17:41,000 Speaker 1: the store exposed to the merchandise. Would I would find 331 00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:42,840 Speaker 1: it hard to believe you don't end up selling more 332 00:17:42,960 --> 00:17:45,359 Speaker 1: somehow that way. Yeah, And then I think most I 333 00:17:45,359 --> 00:17:47,960 Speaker 1: imagine that, you know, stores are going to to realize that, 334 00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:49,480 Speaker 1: you know, maybe they're not going to sell a big, 335 00:17:49,480 --> 00:17:51,800 Speaker 1: expensive dress to somebody on their first visit, but then 336 00:17:51,920 --> 00:17:55,199 Speaker 1: they're smaller things they can sell. There's uh, you know, 337 00:17:55,520 --> 00:17:58,239 Speaker 1: food and drink, et cetera. Maybe what you gotta do 338 00:17:58,320 --> 00:18:01,000 Speaker 1: is you gotta pair air can to and interior with 339 00:18:01,119 --> 00:18:05,800 Speaker 1: really pushy salespeople. Now, It's also important to note that 340 00:18:05,840 --> 00:18:09,200 Speaker 1: while ticket prices and locations made a c movie theaters 341 00:18:09,280 --> 00:18:12,400 Speaker 1: especially a great distraction for a lot of people during 342 00:18:12,480 --> 00:18:15,119 Speaker 1: these these decades that were discussing here, this was certainly 343 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:18,480 Speaker 1: a part of American life. It was affected by segregation definitely. 344 00:18:18,680 --> 00:18:22,800 Speaker 1: Ackerman points out that until the nineteen sixties, overt policies 345 00:18:22,840 --> 00:18:26,399 Speaker 1: and local customs made movie theaters far less accessible to 346 00:18:26,440 --> 00:18:30,840 Speaker 1: black audiences, especially in the South. We're talking poor seats 347 00:18:31,280 --> 00:18:36,000 Speaker 1: alternative viewing times and also just alternative theaters altogether, and 348 00:18:36,119 --> 00:18:40,399 Speaker 1: quote movie theaters and ethnically or racially segregated neighborhoods generally 349 00:18:40,480 --> 00:18:45,119 Speaker 1: lacked the palatial appertinences, including air conditioning of the big 350 00:18:45,160 --> 00:18:48,840 Speaker 1: downtown movie houses. This is another one of those areas 351 00:18:48,880 --> 00:18:51,199 Speaker 1: that people might not even think about the legacy of 352 00:18:51,240 --> 00:18:54,800 Speaker 1: segregation and racial disparity and access to to you know, 353 00:18:55,119 --> 00:18:59,600 Speaker 1: technology is basic access to climate control comfort. Yeah yeah, 354 00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:01,200 Speaker 1: all right, Well, on that note, we're gonna take a 355 00:19:01,280 --> 00:19:02,960 Speaker 1: quick break, but when we come back, we're going to 356 00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:11,960 Speaker 1: continue to look at the impact of air conditioning technology. Alright, 357 00:19:11,960 --> 00:19:15,760 Speaker 1: we're back. So the impact of air conditioning technology is huge, 358 00:19:15,800 --> 00:19:18,439 Speaker 1: and we can see it in various ways. So on 359 00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:21,440 Speaker 1: the individual level, certainly it made it easier and or 360 00:19:21,520 --> 00:19:24,040 Speaker 1: more comfortable to live in hotter regions of the earth, 361 00:19:24,720 --> 00:19:26,560 Speaker 1: and you know, and on the other hand, it also 362 00:19:26,640 --> 00:19:31,000 Speaker 1: meant that the climates that once forced us out socializing 363 00:19:31,160 --> 00:19:33,920 Speaker 1: amongst each other, be it at a pond step well 364 00:19:34,280 --> 00:19:36,440 Speaker 1: or just from porch to porch in the neighborhood, now 365 00:19:36,520 --> 00:19:41,200 Speaker 1: forced us inside either into communal a c environments such 366 00:19:41,200 --> 00:19:43,320 Speaker 1: as some of the ones we've discussed uh, you know, 367 00:19:43,359 --> 00:19:47,000 Speaker 1: hopefully like a museum or something, or or perhaps a library. 368 00:19:47,960 --> 00:19:50,320 Speaker 1: But but it also might just put us in there 369 00:19:50,359 --> 00:19:53,200 Speaker 1: in our own individual a c caves cut off from 370 00:19:53,240 --> 00:19:56,480 Speaker 1: everyone else, perhaps with that television or that radio. Not 371 00:19:56,600 --> 00:20:00,600 Speaker 1: to keep this company, this media socialization, which you know, 372 00:20:00,720 --> 00:20:04,119 Speaker 1: remains I think a detrimental aspect of our society to 373 00:20:04,160 --> 00:20:06,880 Speaker 1: this day. That's a depressing thought. Yeah, but of course 374 00:20:06,880 --> 00:20:09,479 Speaker 1: now our stuff are our technologies mobile, so it's not 375 00:20:09,520 --> 00:20:13,040 Speaker 1: even confined via by air conditioning. I do want to 376 00:20:13,080 --> 00:20:17,639 Speaker 1: make a quick health note. We mentioned U tuberculosis earlier. Uh, 377 00:20:18,720 --> 00:20:21,320 Speaker 1: there are a few different health problems that are associated 378 00:20:21,320 --> 00:20:25,280 Speaker 1: with air conditioning, most notably Legionaire's disease caused by the 379 00:20:25,400 --> 00:20:28,720 Speaker 1: Legionella bacteria or a few by you know, all varieties 380 00:20:28,720 --> 00:20:31,560 Speaker 1: of Legionella bacteria. Uh. And uh, you know it also 381 00:20:31,600 --> 00:20:35,160 Speaker 1: can contaminate hot water tanks, hot tubs, and cooling towers. 382 00:20:35,240 --> 00:20:38,119 Speaker 1: But contaminating the water in an air conditioning system is 383 00:20:38,119 --> 00:20:41,840 Speaker 1: certainly one of the factors. So not to not to 384 00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:45,320 Speaker 1: scare everyone about air conditioning, but again it is not 385 00:20:45,400 --> 00:20:49,760 Speaker 1: properly maintained. Yes, it is susceptible to this sort of thing. Now, 386 00:20:50,119 --> 00:20:52,040 Speaker 1: one of the ways that we already sort of hinted 387 00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:54,919 Speaker 1: that there was a legacy to air conditionings in the 388 00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:59,880 Speaker 1: way that it made many former adaptive techniques of our cultures, 389 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:03,720 Speaker 1: in our architecture obsolete in some cases, right, Yeah, it 390 00:21:03,840 --> 00:21:07,760 Speaker 1: enabled architectural designs that wouldn't have worked as well or 391 00:21:07,800 --> 00:21:10,240 Speaker 1: at all in a pre air conditioning world, and this 392 00:21:10,320 --> 00:21:14,480 Speaker 1: includes a suburban tract housing. One of the greatest examples, though, 393 00:21:14,560 --> 00:21:17,920 Speaker 1: is the advent of steel and glass skyscrapers a C 394 00:21:18,119 --> 00:21:20,800 Speaker 1: cool towers of the modern age that without that a 395 00:21:20,960 --> 00:21:24,159 Speaker 1: C would not make as much sense. Yeah. There have 396 00:21:24,240 --> 00:21:27,439 Speaker 1: even been opinions from architects about the the impact of 397 00:21:27,480 --> 00:21:30,800 Speaker 1: air conditioning on sort of the the aesthetic design of 398 00:21:30,880 --> 00:21:33,920 Speaker 1: large buildings. I was reading a Chronicle of Higher Education 399 00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:37,479 Speaker 1: article that decided a quote from the architect Eli Jacque 400 00:21:37,520 --> 00:21:41,560 Speaker 1: Khan in nineteen sixty where con said quote, the period 401 00:21:41,600 --> 00:21:47,080 Speaker 1: of individualistic, imaginatively decorated skyscraper towers has ended. All of 402 00:21:47,119 --> 00:21:51,360 Speaker 1: this Modern equipment, including the cooling towers for air conditioning systems, 403 00:21:51,520 --> 00:21:55,000 Speaker 1: takes space and the logistical area was at the top 404 00:21:55,040 --> 00:21:58,160 Speaker 1: of the structure, resulting in a bulky and not too 405 00:21:58,200 --> 00:22:02,800 Speaker 1: handsome mass. So he's totally grossed out by the architecture 406 00:22:02,880 --> 00:22:06,520 Speaker 1: that results from having to put large air conditioning units 407 00:22:06,520 --> 00:22:09,199 Speaker 1: on the roofs of large buildings, which just results in 408 00:22:09,280 --> 00:22:13,280 Speaker 1: sort of boxy buildings instead of the beautiful skyscrapers that 409 00:22:13,359 --> 00:22:15,560 Speaker 1: he liked and designed. Yeah, you wanted to be like 410 00:22:15,640 --> 00:22:18,720 Speaker 1: the sky temple, uh to gozer at the time, you know, 411 00:22:18,800 --> 00:22:21,439 Speaker 1: otherwise you're I mean really it really. I think that 412 00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:23,040 Speaker 1: does come back to the to the point like what 413 00:22:23,119 --> 00:22:28,040 Speaker 1: is the legacy of of of human uh constructed monoliths. 414 00:22:28,320 --> 00:22:29,960 Speaker 1: The top of it needs to be the peak of 415 00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:32,000 Speaker 1: a mountain. It needs to be a holy place for 416 00:22:32,040 --> 00:22:35,320 Speaker 1: the world of of humans meets the world of the gods, 417 00:22:35,880 --> 00:22:38,160 Speaker 1: and it doesn't. It just ruins it if you put 418 00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:40,800 Speaker 1: an air conditioning system on top of a zigaratte, right right. 419 00:22:40,920 --> 00:22:43,840 Speaker 1: But even if you're not a priest of the urban zigaratte, 420 00:22:43,840 --> 00:22:46,919 Speaker 1: if you're not obsessed with the design of sky, you know, 421 00:22:47,240 --> 00:22:50,240 Speaker 1: skyscrapers like khan Is, I mean, you can definitely see 422 00:22:50,320 --> 00:22:54,360 Speaker 1: the way that it affected architecture at a smaller scale. Yeah. Yeah, 423 00:22:54,440 --> 00:22:57,400 Speaker 1: when you come down to materials, certainly, even you don't 424 00:22:57,400 --> 00:23:00,440 Speaker 1: even have to talk about the giant skyscrapers. There's a 425 00:23:00,480 --> 00:23:03,240 Speaker 1: point brought up in a really cool Mental Floss article 426 00:23:03,359 --> 00:23:07,439 Speaker 1: Life Before air Conditioning by one miss Selania. I. Somehow 427 00:23:07,440 --> 00:23:10,159 Speaker 1: I think that's a moniker. I have to ask to 428 00:23:10,160 --> 00:23:13,880 Speaker 1: ask Will about that one. Uh. But this article points 429 00:23:13,880 --> 00:23:17,040 Speaker 1: out the caves and underground housings are a natural means 430 00:23:17,040 --> 00:23:21,280 Speaker 1: of controlling temperature. But that means that thick brick and 431 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:23,960 Speaker 1: stone construction is a good way to duplicate the same 432 00:23:24,000 --> 00:23:28,159 Speaker 1: principle in our constructions. But air conditioning meant that you 433 00:23:28,160 --> 00:23:31,040 Speaker 1: didn't have to depend on thick materials like this as much. 434 00:23:31,200 --> 00:23:35,000 Speaker 1: Housing could be far cheaper. High ceilings were no longer 435 00:23:35,040 --> 00:23:37,800 Speaker 1: as essential to keep things cool. Upper floors were not 436 00:23:37,840 --> 00:23:40,040 Speaker 1: just for the evening. You could live in the attic 437 00:23:40,119 --> 00:23:42,199 Speaker 1: if you wanted to, because you could. You could just 438 00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:44,639 Speaker 1: plug in a superpowered a C and you're good to go. 439 00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:47,840 Speaker 1: You could sleep inside during the summer, you know, with 440 00:23:47,920 --> 00:23:51,800 Speaker 1: your television burning right next to you right well. I mean, 441 00:23:51,840 --> 00:23:55,280 Speaker 1: another way to think about it is that air conditioning 442 00:23:55,359 --> 00:23:59,960 Speaker 1: also affected the planning of cities because air conditioning makes 443 00:24:00,040 --> 00:24:04,200 Speaker 1: it more feasible for hot climate areas to have high 444 00:24:04,240 --> 00:24:07,600 Speaker 1: density housing. You know, so like you can you can 445 00:24:07,640 --> 00:24:11,800 Speaker 1: have tall rise apartment buildings in Florida or something, whereas previously, 446 00:24:11,840 --> 00:24:14,879 Speaker 1: I mean, trying to imagine that without air conditioning sounds 447 00:24:14,880 --> 00:24:18,439 Speaker 1: pretty hot. Yeah. So you're changing the house, you're changing neighborhoods, 448 00:24:18,480 --> 00:24:21,119 Speaker 1: you're changing cities, and and just on the level of 449 00:24:21,119 --> 00:24:23,880 Speaker 1: an individual house, it's important to note that houses are 450 00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:27,280 Speaker 1: not just physical structures. They are social structures. And you 451 00:24:27,359 --> 00:24:31,719 Speaker 1: cannot alter the physical domicile without also altering the shape 452 00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:33,960 Speaker 1: of life within it. Change the shape of the house, 453 00:24:34,359 --> 00:24:36,560 Speaker 1: and you might, you know, think everything's gonna be just 454 00:24:36,600 --> 00:24:38,560 Speaker 1: like it was before, but it's it's gonna be a 455 00:24:38,560 --> 00:24:40,920 Speaker 1: little different. I think that's a really good point. I mean, 456 00:24:41,280 --> 00:24:44,600 Speaker 1: our architecture shapes our lives. Yeah, the rooms were in 457 00:24:44,760 --> 00:24:47,840 Speaker 1: determine what kind of things we do in them. Uh. 458 00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:51,480 Speaker 1: There's this classic thing like why does everybody end up 459 00:24:51,520 --> 00:24:54,520 Speaker 1: in the kitchen at a party. There is some reason 460 00:24:54,600 --> 00:24:56,639 Speaker 1: for that, and there's something about kitchens that you know, 461 00:24:56,680 --> 00:25:00,800 Speaker 1: people filter in that way. Yeah, they all. Yeah, hopefully 462 00:25:00,800 --> 00:25:04,320 Speaker 1: you have some sort of like an island situation in 463 00:25:04,359 --> 00:25:07,360 Speaker 1: the kitchen for people to gather around. Uh. Yeah, otherwise 464 00:25:07,359 --> 00:25:09,280 Speaker 1: they're just gonna be sitting on the stove or something 465 00:25:10,400 --> 00:25:12,320 Speaker 1: that does make me wonder though, And I didn't see 466 00:25:12,359 --> 00:25:14,280 Speaker 1: this reflected in any of the sources we're looking at. 467 00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:18,359 Speaker 1: But obviously one of the strategies to keep your home 468 00:25:18,480 --> 00:25:22,000 Speaker 1: cooler was that you would have the kitchen in another building, 469 00:25:22,840 --> 00:25:25,159 Speaker 1: so where would people gather there? Is that that was 470 00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:27,920 Speaker 1: more of the age of the sitting room. I guess, yeah, 471 00:25:27,960 --> 00:25:30,520 Speaker 1: I guess so. Or I mean, again, we've talked about 472 00:25:30,560 --> 00:25:34,160 Speaker 1: outdoor cooking is one way of dealing with the heat. Um, 473 00:25:34,200 --> 00:25:36,600 Speaker 1: you know, like the idea of the barbecue tradition or 474 00:25:36,640 --> 00:25:38,920 Speaker 1: grilling out that seems to be a thing that people 475 00:25:38,960 --> 00:25:40,760 Speaker 1: like to do in the summer. I mean, on one hand, 476 00:25:40,800 --> 00:25:43,320 Speaker 1: it's like it's a nice, you know, warm weather outside, 477 00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:45,880 Speaker 1: so people hang out outside. But then on the other hand, 478 00:25:45,920 --> 00:25:48,720 Speaker 1: it's like you're not having to do your heating up 479 00:25:48,760 --> 00:25:51,920 Speaker 1: of the food inside the house, which is great. And furthermore, 480 00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:55,240 Speaker 1: you can think about, you know, the the association of 481 00:25:55,400 --> 00:26:00,199 Speaker 1: outdoor cooking techniques specifically with hotter climates, like you know, 482 00:26:00,280 --> 00:26:03,919 Speaker 1: the barbecue and the grill out. These are common in 483 00:26:04,000 --> 00:26:06,920 Speaker 1: the US South, and I think they come from those 484 00:26:06,960 --> 00:26:11,320 Speaker 1: hot weather traditions. I wonder how air conditioning has affected 485 00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:14,639 Speaker 1: the prevalence or the prominence of the cook out. Well, 486 00:26:14,640 --> 00:26:16,320 Speaker 1: it certainly means you can you can duck in and 487 00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:19,760 Speaker 1: out right now, speaking of city planning, another aspect of 488 00:26:19,760 --> 00:26:22,000 Speaker 1: of all of this is you have all this air 489 00:26:22,040 --> 00:26:24,960 Speaker 1: conditioning running in the buildings, It suddenly gives you a 490 00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:28,240 Speaker 1: little more license to neglect the maintenance of green spaces 491 00:26:28,280 --> 00:26:32,560 Speaker 1: and trees, which, of course they're providing shade finding more 492 00:26:32,560 --> 00:26:34,800 Speaker 1: than shade though, I mean, they're they're they're part of 493 00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:37,720 Speaker 1: your natural environment. That's why you've seen in many cities, 494 00:26:37,760 --> 00:26:40,160 Speaker 1: including our own city there there have been initiatives over 495 00:26:40,200 --> 00:26:42,440 Speaker 1: the years to like to make sure that the areas 496 00:26:42,480 --> 00:26:46,120 Speaker 1: that have been that have lost their green spaces. Uh there, 497 00:26:46,200 --> 00:26:47,960 Speaker 1: you know, you can plant some trees there again and 498 00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:51,960 Speaker 1: actually bring these places back to life once more. But 499 00:26:52,080 --> 00:26:55,320 Speaker 1: from like a purely air conditioning standpoint, you don't really 500 00:26:55,400 --> 00:26:58,800 Speaker 1: need those trees out front. Really they're there, the trees 501 00:26:58,880 --> 00:27:02,760 Speaker 1: that are, you know, lining the sidewalk around the skyscraper, 502 00:27:02,880 --> 00:27:06,160 Speaker 1: what what purpose are they They're playing here? Just something 503 00:27:06,200 --> 00:27:09,880 Speaker 1: you have to clean up after, right. I love that 504 00:27:09,920 --> 00:27:13,199 Speaker 1: mentality that sees anything alive as a nuisance. Yeah, Like 505 00:27:13,640 --> 00:27:17,480 Speaker 1: and people say, well, you know, it's it's help, it's creating, 506 00:27:17,760 --> 00:27:19,920 Speaker 1: helping to create the air you breathe, and like no, no, no, 507 00:27:19,960 --> 00:27:22,200 Speaker 1: the air I breathe comes out of event in the wall, right, 508 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:25,680 Speaker 1: those could be parking spaces, parking spaces for God's sake. 509 00:27:25,800 --> 00:27:27,960 Speaker 1: So so you know, we haven't gotten into you know, 510 00:27:28,280 --> 00:27:30,520 Speaker 1: and we're not going to get into all the details 511 00:27:30,600 --> 00:27:33,680 Speaker 1: of air conditionings impact. But hopefully, like so far, we're 512 00:27:33,720 --> 00:27:37,640 Speaker 1: able to drive home sort of the ripple effects here 513 00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:42,760 Speaker 1: that that really touched on just about every aspect of society. Now, 514 00:27:42,760 --> 00:27:45,679 Speaker 1: another one of these ripple effects we've already alluded to, 515 00:27:45,800 --> 00:27:48,280 Speaker 1: and that is going to become more and more salient 516 00:27:48,359 --> 00:27:51,879 Speaker 1: as time goes on, I believe, is the energy consumption. 517 00:27:52,160 --> 00:27:57,159 Speaker 1: And so the energy consumption and the concurrent carbon outputs 518 00:27:57,359 --> 00:28:01,320 Speaker 1: created by air conditioning demands. Yeah, absolutely, air conditioning depends 519 00:28:01,320 --> 00:28:05,119 Speaker 1: on electricity. And as Lucas Davis of UC Berkeley pointed 520 00:28:05,119 --> 00:28:10,080 Speaker 1: out in in the Global Impact of air Conditioning Big 521 00:28:10,119 --> 00:28:13,119 Speaker 1: and Getting Bigger, we've seen hot regions of the world 522 00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:16,479 Speaker 1: grow hotter, uh and hot regions of the world grow richer. 523 00:28:17,080 --> 00:28:19,879 Speaker 1: And as these trends continue, it just adds to the 524 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:24,399 Speaker 1: energy demands of keeping cool. For instance, Uh, they wrote 525 00:28:24,440 --> 00:28:27,800 Speaker 1: that more than sixty million air conditioners are sold each 526 00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:30,920 Speaker 1: year in China, and again this was when this was 527 00:28:30,960 --> 00:28:34,160 Speaker 1: written as as as in a typical window unit uses 528 00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:37,160 Speaker 1: ten to twenty times as much electricity as a ceiling fan. 529 00:28:37,680 --> 00:28:40,000 Speaker 1: On top of that, they depend on refrigerants that are 530 00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:44,480 Speaker 1: potent greenhouse gases. Uh. Davis argues that carbon legislation and 531 00:28:44,520 --> 00:28:47,440 Speaker 1: carbon taxing are probably the best way to avoid falling 532 00:28:47,440 --> 00:28:51,120 Speaker 1: off the carbon cliff here, even as the technology grows 533 00:28:51,280 --> 00:28:54,360 Speaker 1: more energy efficient and you know, better energy sources come 534 00:28:54,520 --> 00:28:58,160 Speaker 1: online to aid. But yeah, this is but we often 535 00:28:58,200 --> 00:29:00,240 Speaker 1: don't think about just the I mean you probably about 536 00:29:00,280 --> 00:29:04,320 Speaker 1: your own energy, uh, you know, costs road concerning air conditioning. 537 00:29:04,360 --> 00:29:06,000 Speaker 1: I mean it's it's hard not to when you look 538 00:29:06,040 --> 00:29:08,760 Speaker 1: at the power bill for a particularly hot summer month. 539 00:29:09,240 --> 00:29:11,200 Speaker 1: But you know, you have to realize that that's happening 540 00:29:11,280 --> 00:29:14,040 Speaker 1: in every house, you know, in the in you know, 541 00:29:14,080 --> 00:29:16,160 Speaker 1: throughout this city and his other parts of the world 542 00:29:16,680 --> 00:29:20,320 Speaker 1: get more of the air conditioning bug themselves, You're just 543 00:29:20,360 --> 00:29:22,480 Speaker 1: going to see more of that. Yeah, and uh, and 544 00:29:22,520 --> 00:29:25,120 Speaker 1: it's also not just in the houses, but these large 545 00:29:25,160 --> 00:29:28,240 Speaker 1: industrial or commercial spaces which I think are a huge 546 00:29:28,280 --> 00:29:32,480 Speaker 1: part of the footprint. But yeah, I mean it's it's 547 00:29:32,480 --> 00:29:34,640 Speaker 1: one of these binds you're in. I mean, like it's 548 00:29:34,680 --> 00:29:40,280 Speaker 1: hard not to to love and appreciate the comfort provided 549 00:29:40,320 --> 00:29:42,320 Speaker 1: by air conditioning if you live in a hot climate, 550 00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:44,960 Speaker 1: especially in the summer. But another thing that should be 551 00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:47,480 Speaker 1: pointed out here when you said a typical window a 552 00:29:47,600 --> 00:29:50,800 Speaker 1: C unit, which is probably gonna be using less energy 553 00:29:50,880 --> 00:29:53,920 Speaker 1: than like your big central A C unit um uses 554 00:29:53,960 --> 00:29:56,680 Speaker 1: ten to twenty times as much electricity as a ceiling fan. 555 00:29:56,760 --> 00:29:58,920 Speaker 1: The other side of that is that ceiling fans are 556 00:29:58,960 --> 00:30:02,520 Speaker 1: incredibly energy efficient. I mean, you get a really good 557 00:30:02,520 --> 00:30:05,680 Speaker 1: bang for your buck in terms of how much cooler 558 00:30:05,760 --> 00:30:08,880 Speaker 1: they make you feel compared to how much energy they use. 559 00:30:09,440 --> 00:30:11,080 Speaker 1: So another way to think about this is, you know, 560 00:30:11,120 --> 00:30:13,000 Speaker 1: if you've got your A C unit, you're trying to 561 00:30:13,000 --> 00:30:15,240 Speaker 1: be energy conscious, but also you're like, I don't know 562 00:30:15,320 --> 00:30:17,120 Speaker 1: if I can beat the heat in the hottest days 563 00:30:17,160 --> 00:30:20,520 Speaker 1: without it. I mean, you know, think about at what 564 00:30:20,680 --> 00:30:23,760 Speaker 1: point you can deal with just having the ceiling fan on, 565 00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:27,000 Speaker 1: and then at whatever point where you can't hack it anymore, well, 566 00:30:27,040 --> 00:30:29,200 Speaker 1: then you know, you go to your A C god. 567 00:30:29,600 --> 00:30:31,720 Speaker 1: But if you're a c is like mine. Like sometimes 568 00:30:31,760 --> 00:30:33,760 Speaker 1: you reach that point and you're like, I don't think 569 00:30:33,760 --> 00:30:35,840 Speaker 1: you can catch up. It's too late. Yeah, I should 570 00:30:35,840 --> 00:30:38,600 Speaker 1: have been fighting this battle all day, despite you know, 571 00:30:38,640 --> 00:30:43,320 Speaker 1: the problems involved with that. Uh yeah. So, and then 572 00:30:43,320 --> 00:30:45,880 Speaker 1: of course you just grow accustomed to air conditioning. I 573 00:30:45,920 --> 00:30:47,800 Speaker 1: guess that's the other side of it as well. Well. 574 00:30:47,880 --> 00:30:50,840 Speaker 1: I just meant to emphasize ceiling fans. Very good, big 575 00:30:50,880 --> 00:30:54,280 Speaker 1: thumbs up to ceiling fans in my opinion. Oh yeah. 576 00:30:54,280 --> 00:30:56,040 Speaker 1: And then of course you can flip the switch during 577 00:30:56,080 --> 00:31:00,320 Speaker 1: the during the winter and use them to know more 578 00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:03,160 Speaker 1: to you know, quite a push warm air back down. Alright, 579 00:31:03,160 --> 00:31:05,840 Speaker 1: we're gonna take one more break, but when we come back, 580 00:31:06,160 --> 00:31:08,560 Speaker 1: we're going to continue to look at the way air 581 00:31:08,600 --> 00:31:17,080 Speaker 1: conditioning changed the world. Alright, we're back. So I guess 582 00:31:17,400 --> 00:31:18,960 Speaker 1: we were just going to talk about a couple more 583 00:31:19,000 --> 00:31:22,080 Speaker 1: things here about the legacy of air conditioning. We know 584 00:31:22,200 --> 00:31:26,240 Speaker 1: that the legacy of air conditioning has been huge, But 585 00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:28,959 Speaker 1: I was reading a paper by the American historian Raymond 586 00:31:29,040 --> 00:31:32,120 Speaker 1: Arsenal about the impact of air conditioning on the culture 587 00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:35,280 Speaker 1: of the American South. Uh. And this paper was originally 588 00:31:35,280 --> 00:31:39,080 Speaker 1: published in the Journal of Southern history in nineteen four 589 00:31:39,280 --> 00:31:41,360 Speaker 1: it's called the End of the Long Hot Summer. The 590 00:31:41,400 --> 00:31:45,800 Speaker 1: air Conditioner and Southern Culture, and Arsenal talks in this 591 00:31:45,880 --> 00:31:49,440 Speaker 1: paper about how the air conditioner should be thought of 592 00:31:49,480 --> 00:31:53,120 Speaker 1: as one of the biggest factors shaping the evolution of 593 00:31:53,160 --> 00:31:57,520 Speaker 1: the American South in the twentieth century. So, on one hand, 594 00:31:57,560 --> 00:32:02,080 Speaker 1: he says, well, it created a lot of Uh. It 595 00:32:02,240 --> 00:32:05,680 Speaker 1: basically created a lot of economic opportunity where it wasn't before. 596 00:32:05,720 --> 00:32:08,880 Speaker 1: Like it drew in immigrants from other places in the 597 00:32:08,960 --> 00:32:11,440 Speaker 1: United States to come to the South and work there, 598 00:32:11,560 --> 00:32:14,000 Speaker 1: a lot of different kinds of buildings and businesses to 599 00:32:14,080 --> 00:32:18,200 Speaker 1: take up route there because buildings could now be air conditioned. 600 00:32:18,280 --> 00:32:21,640 Speaker 1: But over this time, the way people viewed air conditioning 601 00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:25,320 Speaker 1: transition from quote from a luxury to an amenity to 602 00:32:25,400 --> 00:32:29,680 Speaker 1: a necessity where you know, people more and more all 603 00:32:29,720 --> 00:32:31,440 Speaker 1: the time think of it as something that's not like 604 00:32:31,760 --> 00:32:35,240 Speaker 1: nice to have, but something you've got to have. Yeah. Absolutely. 605 00:32:35,320 --> 00:32:38,280 Speaker 1: I mean if today, especially in the United States, you 606 00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:41,520 Speaker 1: travel somewhere perhaps abroad, uh and you you find out 607 00:32:41,560 --> 00:32:43,960 Speaker 1: that it's it's something that a room is not air conditioned, 608 00:32:44,120 --> 00:32:46,560 Speaker 1: or a vehicle it's not air conditioned. Uh. Yeah, and 609 00:32:46,600 --> 00:32:49,120 Speaker 1: it feels a bit like like like hearing that there's 610 00:32:49,320 --> 00:32:51,280 Speaker 1: gonna be no running water or no, you know, no 611 00:32:51,440 --> 00:32:55,480 Speaker 1: toilets or something along along those lines. Yeah, totally. That's 612 00:32:55,520 --> 00:32:58,080 Speaker 1: kind of a self fulfilling prophecy, as we've been alluding 613 00:32:58,080 --> 00:33:01,160 Speaker 1: to before, because the more are the more we come 614 00:33:01,240 --> 00:33:03,880 Speaker 1: to take air conditioning for granted, the more we build 615 00:33:03,920 --> 00:33:06,600 Speaker 1: our lives around it and make it harder and harder 616 00:33:06,600 --> 00:33:09,520 Speaker 1: to live without it. Yeah, and indeed build out into 617 00:33:09,520 --> 00:33:13,040 Speaker 1: places where it would not make sense to live without it. 618 00:33:13,160 --> 00:33:15,240 Speaker 1: I mean, for instance, you think like some of these 619 00:33:15,280 --> 00:33:17,640 Speaker 1: really hot days we had this summer, uh, and how 620 00:33:17,680 --> 00:33:22,280 Speaker 1: they impacted say, say, people living in Phoenix, Arizona. You know. 621 00:33:22,320 --> 00:33:25,280 Speaker 1: And it's certainly especially if you're dealing with older individuals. 622 00:33:25,640 --> 00:33:28,720 Speaker 1: I mean, there were and are people that are having 623 00:33:28,760 --> 00:33:31,280 Speaker 1: to live out on the streets. You know, there becomes 624 00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:34,200 Speaker 1: a real concern, a health concern of the high temperatures. 625 00:33:34,240 --> 00:33:37,400 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, they like hot days can kill people, they 626 00:33:37,400 --> 00:33:40,120 Speaker 1: do all the time. And so air conditioning one of 627 00:33:40,160 --> 00:33:43,400 Speaker 1: the things says that you know, air conditioning did in 628 00:33:43,440 --> 00:33:46,640 Speaker 1: many ways measurably improved life, Like it cut down on 629 00:33:46,720 --> 00:33:50,040 Speaker 1: deaths related to hot weather um. But on the other hand, 630 00:33:50,080 --> 00:33:53,160 Speaker 1: he's talking about how a lot of the cultural differences 631 00:33:53,200 --> 00:33:56,680 Speaker 1: and traditions that are associated with communities that live in 632 00:33:56,720 --> 00:34:00,719 Speaker 1: hot climates, including the American South, are a result of 633 00:34:00,760 --> 00:34:03,480 Speaker 1: the hot climate. You know, they're not it's not just incidental. 634 00:34:03,600 --> 00:34:06,720 Speaker 1: It's like, you know, like the cookout tradition. You know, 635 00:34:06,800 --> 00:34:09,760 Speaker 1: it's a result of the fact that there's hot weather. 636 00:34:10,080 --> 00:34:12,920 Speaker 1: And with the introduction of air conditioning, many of the 637 00:34:13,040 --> 00:34:18,640 Speaker 1: distinct cultural features that define cultures in hot climates diminish 638 00:34:18,719 --> 00:34:21,520 Speaker 1: over time. And so he sort of argues that climate 639 00:34:21,520 --> 00:34:25,200 Speaker 1: control has to some extent homogenized the United States as 640 00:34:25,239 --> 00:34:29,680 Speaker 1: a culture and reduced to sort of reduced some regional 641 00:34:29,760 --> 00:34:35,320 Speaker 1: variations that were derived from differences in temperatures throughout the year. UM. 642 00:34:35,360 --> 00:34:38,120 Speaker 1: And if Arsenal is correct in his thesis about the 643 00:34:38,120 --> 00:34:41,359 Speaker 1: American South, obviously this effect would not just be an 644 00:34:41,360 --> 00:34:45,000 Speaker 1: American phenomenon. Is similar thing could be happening anywhere that 645 00:34:45,120 --> 00:34:50,399 Speaker 1: air conditioning pervades hot climates, changing cultural practices and ways 646 00:34:50,440 --> 00:34:53,320 Speaker 1: of life along with it. Yeah, it just it basically 647 00:34:53,360 --> 00:34:56,520 Speaker 1: changes the equation for from modern living. Yeah. Now we've 648 00:34:56,520 --> 00:34:59,120 Speaker 1: talked a little bit about the commercial growth that results 649 00:34:59,160 --> 00:35:02,719 Speaker 1: due to air condition technology, especially in hotter regions, say 650 00:35:02,719 --> 00:35:05,000 Speaker 1: at the United States in the post war period. But 651 00:35:05,160 --> 00:35:07,839 Speaker 1: another thing to think about is that a c ends up, 652 00:35:08,719 --> 00:35:11,600 Speaker 1: you know, proving essential in the computer age is a 653 00:35:11,640 --> 00:35:14,440 Speaker 1: way to keep these machines from overheating. Oh yeah, I 654 00:35:14,480 --> 00:35:18,080 Speaker 1: mean we're filling our living spaces also with these machines 655 00:35:18,120 --> 00:35:20,920 Speaker 1: that are dumping a lot of heat constantly. I mean, 656 00:35:21,080 --> 00:35:25,200 Speaker 1: I wonder how much how much a computer heats up 657 00:35:25,200 --> 00:35:28,759 Speaker 1: a non air conditioned room or a bunch of computers. Yeah, 658 00:35:28,800 --> 00:35:30,560 Speaker 1: I'm sure there's some stats on that left of to 659 00:35:30,640 --> 00:35:33,640 Speaker 1: look and certainly how how into what extent has changed 660 00:35:33,719 --> 00:35:37,239 Speaker 1: over the years. Yeah. Now, there are other strange ways 661 00:35:37,280 --> 00:35:39,960 Speaker 1: the legacy of air conditioning could be even more powerful 662 00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:42,920 Speaker 1: than it first seems. For example, there are a bunch 663 00:35:42,960 --> 00:35:45,880 Speaker 1: of uh, there are a bunch of little threads of 664 00:35:45,920 --> 00:35:50,240 Speaker 1: social science research about heat and climate control and various 665 00:35:50,280 --> 00:35:53,480 Speaker 1: social outcomes at the broad level that are correlated with 666 00:35:53,600 --> 00:35:56,640 Speaker 1: heat and access to air conditioning. For example, I was 667 00:35:56,680 --> 00:35:59,960 Speaker 1: reading a September article by Jeff Asher in The New 668 00:36:00,080 --> 00:36:03,200 Speaker 1: or Times that examines a bunch of existing data on 669 00:36:03,239 --> 00:36:08,520 Speaker 1: the possible or supposed links between weather and crime. Now 670 00:36:08,520 --> 00:36:10,239 Speaker 1: when looking at stuff like this, I do want to 671 00:36:10,239 --> 00:36:13,799 Speaker 1: avoid something that that that actually Raymond arson Oh talks 672 00:36:13,800 --> 00:36:16,800 Speaker 1: about in his article, which is he calls it mono 673 00:36:16,920 --> 00:36:21,440 Speaker 1: causal climate, a logical determinism, you know, basically like looking 674 00:36:21,480 --> 00:36:23,919 Speaker 1: at the climate or the weather as like the one 675 00:36:24,080 --> 00:36:28,080 Speaker 1: cause it causal factor in you know, broad social trends. So, yeah, 676 00:36:28,080 --> 00:36:29,680 Speaker 1: you see this from time to time where it's like 677 00:36:30,200 --> 00:36:32,920 Speaker 1: hot cultures are like this, old cultures are like this, 678 00:36:33,200 --> 00:36:36,320 Speaker 1: U and sometimes there is you know, in specific areas, 679 00:36:36,320 --> 00:36:38,320 Speaker 1: there's I think there's more of a case to be made, 680 00:36:38,360 --> 00:36:40,759 Speaker 1: like I don't know, when you start talking about spices 681 00:36:40,800 --> 00:36:42,880 Speaker 1: and food and some of that comes into you know, 682 00:36:43,080 --> 00:36:46,760 Speaker 1: availability of spices as well. Oh. Absolutely, it's it's certainly 683 00:36:47,280 --> 00:36:49,480 Speaker 1: got to be the case that there are influences of 684 00:36:49,480 --> 00:36:53,120 Speaker 1: climate and temperature on culture. I think that's undeniable. It's 685 00:36:53,160 --> 00:36:55,080 Speaker 1: just that you want to avoid what he calls the 686 00:36:55,239 --> 00:37:00,000 Speaker 1: mono causal you know, climate alogical determinism where the temperature 687 00:37:00,120 --> 00:37:04,080 Speaker 1: or is the cause of social outcomes. Uh So we 688 00:37:04,080 --> 00:37:06,120 Speaker 1: would be careful not to do that, but look at 689 00:37:06,160 --> 00:37:09,279 Speaker 1: like possible links where where the temperature could be a 690 00:37:09,360 --> 00:37:13,319 Speaker 1: factor on broad social outcomes. And one example is the 691 00:37:13,400 --> 00:37:17,040 Speaker 1: long running documented link between hot weather and crime, hot 692 00:37:17,040 --> 00:37:20,960 Speaker 1: weather and murder rates, for example. Uh So, it seems 693 00:37:21,000 --> 00:37:22,799 Speaker 1: to be the case that if you just chart an 694 00:37:22,800 --> 00:37:26,040 Speaker 1: American city across a year, you're very likely to see 695 00:37:26,040 --> 00:37:28,680 Speaker 1: a pattern where the hotter it is, the more people 696 00:37:28,880 --> 00:37:33,040 Speaker 1: get murdered. Asher writes. Quote in Philadelphia, for example, there 697 00:37:33,080 --> 00:37:36,680 Speaker 1: were two point six shooting victims per day on average 698 00:37:36,680 --> 00:37:39,760 Speaker 1: when it was cold, three point four on pleasant days, 699 00:37:39,760 --> 00:37:42,279 Speaker 1: and four point four on hot days. And that's for 700 00:37:42,320 --> 00:37:46,719 Speaker 1: a period I think of the mid teens um And 701 00:37:46,840 --> 00:37:49,440 Speaker 1: so this really does seem to be related to temperature, 702 00:37:49,440 --> 00:37:53,080 Speaker 1: because while the rates of indoor shootings stay mostly the 703 00:37:53,160 --> 00:37:56,840 Speaker 1: same throughout the year, the rates of outdoor shootings increase 704 00:37:56,960 --> 00:38:00,960 Speaker 1: noticeably the hotter it is interesting. Well, one of the 705 00:38:01,000 --> 00:38:03,960 Speaker 1: things that you know about crime, that is, people have 706 00:38:04,080 --> 00:38:07,560 Speaker 1: a negativity bias about trends and crime. People always think 707 00:38:07,920 --> 00:38:10,000 Speaker 1: things are worse than they've ever been. There's more crime, 708 00:38:10,080 --> 00:38:13,480 Speaker 1: there's more violent today in the United States. That that 709 00:38:13,600 --> 00:38:15,680 Speaker 1: is not true at all. Violent crime has been dropping 710 00:38:15,719 --> 00:38:18,719 Speaker 1: for decades in the United States. Murder rates are at 711 00:38:18,760 --> 00:38:22,640 Speaker 1: a you know, multi decade low. Uh So. Uh but 712 00:38:22,760 --> 00:38:25,600 Speaker 1: also there's something interesting going on there. You don't want 713 00:38:25,640 --> 00:38:29,040 Speaker 1: you certainly don't want to overstate potential causality, But I 714 00:38:29,080 --> 00:38:32,759 Speaker 1: wonder if could increased access to air conditioned homes in 715 00:38:32,800 --> 00:38:37,279 Speaker 1: the summer partially contribute to decreases in crime over time, 716 00:38:37,320 --> 00:38:40,440 Speaker 1: to decreases in violent crime over time, because you know, 717 00:38:40,480 --> 00:38:43,000 Speaker 1: if if you're seeing that there is some impact of 718 00:38:43,040 --> 00:38:47,240 Speaker 1: like people being outside in hot weather on hot days 719 00:38:47,440 --> 00:38:51,640 Speaker 1: with rates of violence, could access to air conditioned interior 720 00:38:51,680 --> 00:38:56,320 Speaker 1: interior spaces actually play some role there for some inside 721 00:38:56,719 --> 00:38:59,480 Speaker 1: with the television, so then they're they're safer, but then 722 00:38:59,520 --> 00:39:03,080 Speaker 1: they feel less safe because they're watching, uh, the murders 723 00:39:03,120 --> 00:39:08,160 Speaker 1: that are occurring exaggerated and just chewed upon on the television. Well, 724 00:39:08,200 --> 00:39:11,400 Speaker 1: I do think TV TV coverage definitely contributes to that 725 00:39:11,480 --> 00:39:15,879 Speaker 1: negativity bias and people's beliefs about crime and things like that, 726 00:39:16,440 --> 00:39:19,840 Speaker 1: whatever the actual reasons, you know, whether air conditioning or 727 00:39:19,880 --> 00:39:22,040 Speaker 1: climate control or anything has anything to do with it 728 00:39:22,080 --> 00:39:24,600 Speaker 1: at all. Uh, it is certainly the case that you know, 729 00:39:24,920 --> 00:39:28,279 Speaker 1: violent crime is is at uh, you know, an exceedingly 730 00:39:28,360 --> 00:39:31,520 Speaker 1: low point compared to historical trends in the United States. 731 00:39:31,920 --> 00:39:33,960 Speaker 1: So don't buy into that it's always worse, you know, 732 00:39:34,000 --> 00:39:37,439 Speaker 1: it's worse than it's ever been idea, right of course, 733 00:39:37,440 --> 00:39:39,319 Speaker 1: And the other day they're into the spectrums the air 734 00:39:39,320 --> 00:39:42,720 Speaker 1: conditioning is is not going to solve all the world's problems. Um, 735 00:39:42,800 --> 00:39:44,799 Speaker 1: though there were I did. I did read a few 736 00:39:44,800 --> 00:39:48,040 Speaker 1: little snippets here about some granted, I think they were 737 00:39:48,080 --> 00:39:50,320 Speaker 1: into all individuals that were part of like the carrier 738 00:39:50,600 --> 00:39:54,760 Speaker 1: corporation or other refrigerator companies, refrigerator or air conditioning companies. 739 00:39:54,920 --> 00:39:56,880 Speaker 1: They were making like a case that like that we 740 00:39:56,920 --> 00:40:00,279 Speaker 1: can do it, this can this about world peace. And 741 00:40:00,320 --> 00:40:03,400 Speaker 1: I think the particular argument was not like social but 742 00:40:03,480 --> 00:40:05,840 Speaker 1: it was more like, hey, we're arguing we're getting in 743 00:40:05,880 --> 00:40:08,680 Speaker 1: all these scuffles over resources, but if we have enough 744 00:40:08,680 --> 00:40:11,560 Speaker 1: air conditioning, then we can get all the resources from 745 00:40:11,600 --> 00:40:15,600 Speaker 1: all the places and then we won't fight anymore, which 746 00:40:15,920 --> 00:40:19,279 Speaker 1: you know has not turned out to be the case. Yeah, yeah, 747 00:40:19,360 --> 00:40:23,600 Speaker 1: don't buy into that. Another interesting bit of social science 748 00:40:23,719 --> 00:40:27,239 Speaker 1: data that I was looking at about air conditioning is 749 00:40:27,520 --> 00:40:29,560 Speaker 1: the same article by Jeff Asher points it out. By 750 00:40:29,560 --> 00:40:32,520 Speaker 1: the way, an interesting piece of research by Harvard Kennedy 751 00:40:32,560 --> 00:40:37,160 Speaker 1: School Associate professor Joshua Goodman, who found a correlation between 752 00:40:37,280 --> 00:40:43,520 Speaker 1: cooler temperatures and increased academic performance. Quote, students scored lower 753 00:40:43,560 --> 00:40:46,640 Speaker 1: when they just experienced a hot school year than when 754 00:40:46,719 --> 00:40:50,279 Speaker 1: they just experienced a cool school year. But that air 755 00:40:50,320 --> 00:40:54,000 Speaker 1: conditioning in schools mostly eliminated the influence of heat on 756 00:40:54,040 --> 00:40:57,600 Speaker 1: academic performance. So you have an unusually hot school year 757 00:40:57,680 --> 00:41:01,080 Speaker 1: that tends to hurt academic performance if your school is 758 00:41:01,120 --> 00:41:04,440 Speaker 1: not air conditioned. Uh. And this sort of just intuitively 759 00:41:04,520 --> 00:41:06,879 Speaker 1: makes sense to me. It's like, you know, it's hot weather, 760 00:41:06,920 --> 00:41:09,480 Speaker 1: it seems like it's harder to focus on mental tasks 761 00:41:09,480 --> 00:41:13,200 Speaker 1: and things like that. Um, but that air conditioning inside 762 00:41:13,239 --> 00:41:17,480 Speaker 1: the schools mitigated this effect. Interesting. Yeah, I mean I 763 00:41:17,600 --> 00:41:20,200 Speaker 1: every time I pick up my son from school from 764 00:41:20,200 --> 00:41:22,600 Speaker 1: his elementary school, Uh, he'll come out and you know 765 00:41:22,640 --> 00:41:25,760 Speaker 1: often like hold his hand when walking away from school 766 00:41:25,760 --> 00:41:28,719 Speaker 1: doors and his hand will be so cold from the 767 00:41:28,800 --> 00:41:32,040 Speaker 1: air conditioning inside. But but yeah, I'm all for it 768 00:41:32,120 --> 00:41:34,440 Speaker 1: being there if it you know, it gives them in 769 00:41:34,480 --> 00:41:36,879 Speaker 1: the environment they need to learn. And with all these 770 00:41:36,920 --> 00:41:39,560 Speaker 1: social science findings, I think we should always be careful 771 00:41:39,600 --> 00:41:42,359 Speaker 1: not to read too much into single findings until there's 772 00:41:42,400 --> 00:41:45,239 Speaker 1: been a lot of replication and analysis or findings by 773 00:41:45,280 --> 00:41:47,239 Speaker 1: others in the field. So I think it's best to 774 00:41:47,280 --> 00:41:50,480 Speaker 1: sort of treat these as interesting preliminary findings. I will 775 00:41:50,640 --> 00:41:52,520 Speaker 1: I will say this, like, if you're in a cool 776 00:41:52,640 --> 00:41:55,920 Speaker 1: environment and you're prepared, you have a greater ability to 777 00:41:55,960 --> 00:41:59,520 Speaker 1: regulate your own temperature. You know, you can always put 778 00:41:59,520 --> 00:42:02,160 Speaker 1: on a jacket or a hoodie right in a in 779 00:42:02,200 --> 00:42:05,080 Speaker 1: an overly air conditioned space, no matter what the you know, 780 00:42:05,080 --> 00:42:08,640 Speaker 1: the realities of the energy consumption are there. Likewise, in 781 00:42:08,680 --> 00:42:11,160 Speaker 1: a hot space, there's generally only so much you can 782 00:42:11,160 --> 00:42:13,520 Speaker 1: take off, and there is an absolute limit to what 783 00:42:13,600 --> 00:42:18,160 Speaker 1: you can take off. Uh, you know, the social decorum aside. Right. 784 00:42:18,880 --> 00:42:20,960 Speaker 1: But but if either of these findings are on the 785 00:42:21,040 --> 00:42:24,799 Speaker 1: right track about like academic performance or crime, I mean, 786 00:42:25,120 --> 00:42:27,760 Speaker 1: you wonder in what other ways could temperature and climate 787 00:42:27,760 --> 00:42:31,040 Speaker 1: control be changing our society and our culture that you know, 788 00:42:31,120 --> 00:42:35,120 Speaker 1: we're not appreciating or haven't been studied numerically in these ways. Yeah. 789 00:42:35,160 --> 00:42:37,600 Speaker 1: Another thing to keep in mind is just a different 790 00:42:37,640 --> 00:42:40,520 Speaker 1: cultures are also going to have a different relationship with 791 00:42:40,640 --> 00:42:44,120 Speaker 1: being cool and being hot, things that have evolved due 792 00:42:44,160 --> 00:42:46,840 Speaker 1: to their you know, just their cultural exposure to different 793 00:42:46,840 --> 00:42:50,200 Speaker 1: temperatures or sometimes even ideas. I didn't get too far 794 00:42:50,239 --> 00:42:52,600 Speaker 1: into this because there's I wasn't encountering a lot of 795 00:42:52,600 --> 00:42:55,400 Speaker 1: scholarship about it. But for instance, and we've talked a 796 00:42:55,400 --> 00:42:57,520 Speaker 1: little bit about, you know, the rollout of air conditioning 797 00:42:57,640 --> 00:43:01,080 Speaker 1: in uh in in in China, and you know, there 798 00:43:01,080 --> 00:43:04,879 Speaker 1: are some interesting ideas about like what cold and hot 799 00:43:05,000 --> 00:43:10,319 Speaker 1: mean within traditional Chinese medicine, etcetera, and uh, and so 800 00:43:10,360 --> 00:43:12,319 Speaker 1: you know that that's one possibility to look at, like 801 00:43:12,360 --> 00:43:14,200 Speaker 1: how does how does that play out in the culture 802 00:43:14,200 --> 00:43:18,440 Speaker 1: that has certain values historically attached to say warm and 803 00:43:18,520 --> 00:43:20,840 Speaker 1: cold air. Oh, I want to know more about what 804 00:43:21,360 --> 00:43:23,239 Speaker 1: what are the values? I mean some of it gets 805 00:43:23,239 --> 00:43:25,560 Speaker 1: into two to yin and yang and you know and 806 00:43:25,600 --> 00:43:29,560 Speaker 1: so forth. UM. But some of the papers I was 807 00:43:29,640 --> 00:43:32,359 Speaker 1: finding where I was hesitant really include them because they 808 00:43:32,360 --> 00:43:34,360 Speaker 1: were like from the mostly from the seventies and eighties, 809 00:43:34,719 --> 00:43:38,400 Speaker 1: and they were dealing with like very rare cases of 810 00:43:38,480 --> 00:43:43,160 Speaker 1: people with UM they were experiencing frigi phobia, like a 811 00:43:43,280 --> 00:43:46,640 Speaker 1: fear of cold air and an aversion to air conditioned 812 00:43:46,680 --> 00:43:50,440 Speaker 1: spaces and uh. And so these papers were tying like 813 00:43:50,560 --> 00:43:54,720 Speaker 1: these rare cases in with potentially looking at potentially how 814 00:43:55,239 --> 00:43:59,040 Speaker 1: some of these ideas within Chinese culture affected these individuals 815 00:43:59,040 --> 00:44:01,360 Speaker 1: and I believe. I believe it was like in China 816 00:44:01,480 --> 00:44:03,920 Speaker 1: and Taiwan, and perhaps there was a case in Singapore 817 00:44:03,960 --> 00:44:06,600 Speaker 1: they were looking at um. But in in any way, 818 00:44:06,719 --> 00:44:08,400 Speaker 1: it's one of those things that I wouldn't want to 819 00:44:08,560 --> 00:44:10,759 Speaker 1: certainly wouldn't want to blow it out of proportion because 820 00:44:10,800 --> 00:44:13,600 Speaker 1: I think we're talking about very rare cases of people 821 00:44:13,719 --> 00:44:17,919 Speaker 1: with with with a with a with a mental illness. Yeah, 822 00:44:17,960 --> 00:44:21,720 Speaker 1: but but to what extent that is exasperated by ideas 823 00:44:21,719 --> 00:44:23,600 Speaker 1: that are present in a given culture. I mean, I 824 00:44:23,600 --> 00:44:26,239 Speaker 1: guess it's open for debate, but I would want to 825 00:44:26,239 --> 00:44:27,840 Speaker 1: I would want to read more about that before I 826 00:44:28,719 --> 00:44:31,160 Speaker 1: said anything more definitive. But it does serve as it 827 00:44:31,239 --> 00:44:33,879 Speaker 1: like an interesting just side example of like, well, here's 828 00:44:33,880 --> 00:44:36,279 Speaker 1: an idea of what cold and heat mean. Here's the 829 00:44:36,320 --> 00:44:39,680 Speaker 1: way it could, uh, in extreme cases present itself. But 830 00:44:39,719 --> 00:44:42,120 Speaker 1: then how does it end up presenting itself in more 831 00:44:42,400 --> 00:44:45,279 Speaker 1: in milder cases, you know, and and and more just 832 00:44:45,360 --> 00:44:50,560 Speaker 1: sort of uh, you know, ambiently throughout a culture. Another 833 00:44:50,640 --> 00:44:53,640 Speaker 1: thing I would think would probably be hugely significant that 834 00:44:53,680 --> 00:44:58,200 Speaker 1: we haven't really examined at all is how air conditioning 835 00:44:58,200 --> 00:45:03,400 Speaker 1: affects fashion. Yeah, like what what people wear in what 836 00:45:03,560 --> 00:45:07,080 Speaker 1: kinds of spaces, what's acceptable to wear? Yeah, I mean 837 00:45:08,000 --> 00:45:10,960 Speaker 1: I certainly wouldn't think think of it as much as fashion, 838 00:45:11,080 --> 00:45:15,120 Speaker 1: but like I generally prefer to wear a hoodie. Uh 839 00:45:15,160 --> 00:45:17,800 Speaker 1: and air conditioning allows me to do that year round, 840 00:45:17,840 --> 00:45:20,520 Speaker 1: you know. Climate control allows me to do it year round. 841 00:45:21,120 --> 00:45:23,440 Speaker 1: But then artificial climate tends to demand that you do it, 842 00:45:23,480 --> 00:45:26,400 Speaker 1: you know, so you generally, you know, if you especially 843 00:45:26,400 --> 00:45:29,520 Speaker 1: if you have an office job, you're having to dress 844 00:45:29,600 --> 00:45:32,360 Speaker 1: for an artificial environment and then also perhaps for the 845 00:45:32,480 --> 00:45:36,400 Speaker 1: environment that exists between the artificial environments that you spend 846 00:45:36,440 --> 00:45:40,520 Speaker 1: your time. Our office environment is very strange because you 847 00:45:40,560 --> 00:45:44,239 Speaker 1: get um so it's like artificially cold of course in 848 00:45:44,280 --> 00:45:46,680 Speaker 1: the summer because it's air condition but then at certain 849 00:45:46,760 --> 00:45:49,680 Speaker 1: times of day, if you're by the window, you become 850 00:45:49,680 --> 00:45:52,880 Speaker 1: an ant under the magnifying glass and that totally throws 851 00:45:52,920 --> 00:45:55,400 Speaker 1: everything off too. Yeah, yeah, this is I don't think 852 00:45:55,400 --> 00:46:00,480 Speaker 1: there's any like passive solar design employed here. And then 853 00:46:00,480 --> 00:46:03,279 Speaker 1: of course the studios themselves get really hot. Sometimes the 854 00:46:03,320 --> 00:46:06,719 Speaker 1: studios here are that sweaty growing you mentioned earlier. Well, 855 00:46:06,760 --> 00:46:10,440 Speaker 1: there you have an air conditioning A three partner here. Again, 856 00:46:10,480 --> 00:46:12,920 Speaker 1: we weren't able to cover everything in the history of 857 00:46:12,960 --> 00:46:16,960 Speaker 1: air conditioning, or certainly with refrigeration, which is at times 858 00:46:17,040 --> 00:46:20,400 Speaker 1: intertwined with with the history of air conditioning. But hopefully 859 00:46:20,480 --> 00:46:22,800 Speaker 1: we touched on some of the key ideas and perhaps 860 00:46:22,840 --> 00:46:27,239 Speaker 1: we've we've presented enough information that will that will, you know, 861 00:46:27,320 --> 00:46:30,080 Speaker 1: make you stop and think about the air conditioning that 862 00:46:30,120 --> 00:46:33,239 Speaker 1: you use in your life, maybe value it a little 863 00:46:33,239 --> 00:46:35,719 Speaker 1: bit more and realize that in many cases you know 864 00:46:35,760 --> 00:46:38,600 Speaker 1: it is it is more of a luxury. Um. But 865 00:46:38,719 --> 00:46:40,480 Speaker 1: we would love to hear from everyone out there, like 866 00:46:40,520 --> 00:46:43,600 Speaker 1: what is your relationship with air conditioning? Have you ever 867 00:46:43,640 --> 00:46:46,640 Speaker 1: lived without it? Uh? Particularly have you ever lived without 868 00:46:46,640 --> 00:46:48,239 Speaker 1: it in a hot climate? And how you know, what 869 00:46:48,280 --> 00:46:50,080 Speaker 1: did you do to manage it. We have already heard 870 00:46:50,080 --> 00:46:53,279 Speaker 1: back from some listeners on this, and I'm hopefully we'll 871 00:46:53,280 --> 00:46:54,920 Speaker 1: get to roll these out on a listener mail in 872 00:46:54,920 --> 00:46:57,560 Speaker 1: the future. Uh yeah. We heard from at least one 873 00:46:57,640 --> 00:47:00,839 Speaker 1: listener who grew up in India and who talked about 874 00:47:02,160 --> 00:47:06,560 Speaker 1: their experience not even thinking of sweat as a bad 875 00:47:06,600 --> 00:47:09,520 Speaker 1: thing the way most Americans do. Yeah, yeah, there's this 876 00:47:09,600 --> 00:47:11,600 Speaker 1: kind of American thing to think of, like any any 877 00:47:11,680 --> 00:47:16,800 Speaker 1: sweat that is occurring without your consent, is is a travesty, 878 00:47:16,880 --> 00:47:18,920 Speaker 1: you know, like like sweat is the thing that that 879 00:47:19,120 --> 00:47:22,520 Speaker 1: happens on my terms. Yeah, I admit I I fall 880 00:47:22,600 --> 00:47:26,439 Speaker 1: totally into that gid. Like I am cool with being 881 00:47:26,520 --> 00:47:29,960 Speaker 1: sweaty if I'm like hanging out outside, you know, or 882 00:47:29,960 --> 00:47:32,799 Speaker 1: I'm working outside or something like that. Can't stand being 883 00:47:32,840 --> 00:47:35,200 Speaker 1: sweaty if it's like what's the word. It's like if 884 00:47:35,239 --> 00:47:38,600 Speaker 1: you're sweaty on your way to work or something, that's 885 00:47:38,680 --> 00:47:41,719 Speaker 1: just the worst. Yeah. Well, we've also had lots of 886 00:47:41,760 --> 00:47:44,280 Speaker 1: media to really drive this home, right, lots of deodorant 887 00:47:44,320 --> 00:47:47,719 Speaker 1: commercials that really just drive home how gross it is 888 00:47:47,760 --> 00:47:50,799 Speaker 1: to be sweaty. There's something wrong with your body. Yeah, 889 00:47:50,880 --> 00:47:53,480 Speaker 1: I think I used to buy into that more. Now 890 00:47:53,520 --> 00:47:56,400 Speaker 1: I'm more of the mind that like like like feeling 891 00:47:56,400 --> 00:48:00,200 Speaker 1: sweaty like feels good. Like I think part of that 892 00:48:00,360 --> 00:48:02,440 Speaker 1: was from like sweating on my own terms, But then 893 00:48:02,480 --> 00:48:04,400 Speaker 1: I did enough of that where I'm like, oh, I'm 894 00:48:04,440 --> 00:48:07,560 Speaker 1: not even like really exerting myself, but it's hot out, 895 00:48:07,600 --> 00:48:11,560 Speaker 1: I'm sweating. It feels good to sweat. Um So, and 896 00:48:11,600 --> 00:48:13,400 Speaker 1: then of course it's you know, you're not going to 897 00:48:13,760 --> 00:48:16,760 Speaker 1: you're generally not going to smell bad until later anyway, 898 00:48:16,840 --> 00:48:19,520 Speaker 1: like that fresh sweat is not the problem. But I 899 00:48:19,520 --> 00:48:22,320 Speaker 1: would also love to hear from anyone about movie theaters. 900 00:48:22,560 --> 00:48:25,680 Speaker 1: How cold do you like your movie theater? Um? Are 901 00:48:25,719 --> 00:48:27,520 Speaker 1: you one of these people that would prefer to have 902 00:48:27,600 --> 00:48:30,360 Speaker 1: to wear a winter coat? Uh? And then Uh, I 903 00:48:30,400 --> 00:48:32,120 Speaker 1: know we've heard from some folk. When we talked about 904 00:48:32,160 --> 00:48:35,480 Speaker 1: the Tingler on our other show, stuff to Bow Your Mind, 905 00:48:35,520 --> 00:48:37,520 Speaker 1: we heard from some people who went to the theater 906 00:48:37,640 --> 00:48:39,080 Speaker 1: back in the day. So I would love to hear 907 00:48:39,120 --> 00:48:42,520 Speaker 1: from any you know, older members of the listening audience 908 00:48:42,560 --> 00:48:44,320 Speaker 1: out there that might be able to chime in about 909 00:48:44,480 --> 00:48:46,520 Speaker 1: theaters of old. What was it like going back then 910 00:48:46,800 --> 00:48:52,000 Speaker 1: and in the war between the Chili movie theater and 911 00:48:52,360 --> 00:48:57,160 Speaker 1: the the outdoor Um? Uh, drive in cinema? Which do 912 00:48:57,200 --> 00:48:59,799 Speaker 1: you prefer? Oh, it's got to depend on what you're seeing, right, 913 00:49:00,480 --> 00:49:02,719 Speaker 1: that's there. Yeah, there's some films that are more suitable 914 00:49:02,719 --> 00:49:06,000 Speaker 1: for the drive in, right. Yeah, let's be movie territory. Yeah, 915 00:49:06,160 --> 00:49:11,239 Speaker 1: I saw I think I saw the mcgruber movie at 916 00:49:11,239 --> 00:49:13,879 Speaker 1: the drive in. Oh, I guess that. I guess that's 917 00:49:13,880 --> 00:49:15,759 Speaker 1: a good one. I've I've only seen I think I've 918 00:49:15,760 --> 00:49:17,759 Speaker 1: only seen like classic horror films at the drive in. 919 00:49:18,440 --> 00:49:20,520 Speaker 1: Um No. I also saw the Grindhouse Movies at the 920 00:49:20,600 --> 00:49:24,399 Speaker 1: drive in. That was fun, the double feature. We are 921 00:49:24,440 --> 00:49:26,520 Speaker 1: fortunate enough in Atlanta that we do have we still 922 00:49:26,520 --> 00:49:29,040 Speaker 1: have a drive in theater that that folks can go 923 00:49:29,120 --> 00:49:31,600 Speaker 1: to all right. In the meantime, if you want to 924 00:49:31,680 --> 00:49:33,960 Speaker 1: check out other episodes of Invention, head on over to 925 00:49:34,040 --> 00:49:36,239 Speaker 1: invention pot dot com. That is where you'll find it. 926 00:49:36,480 --> 00:49:37,879 Speaker 1: If you want to check out our other show, Stuff 927 00:49:37,880 --> 00:49:39,640 Speaker 1: to Blow your Mind, that's Stuff to Blow your Mind 928 00:49:39,680 --> 00:49:41,440 Speaker 1: dot com. And you can find both of these shows 929 00:49:41,520 --> 00:49:44,040 Speaker 1: wherever you get your podcasts and wherever you do get 930 00:49:44,080 --> 00:49:46,920 Speaker 1: your podcast I just make sure you rate and review us. 931 00:49:47,200 --> 00:49:50,960 Speaker 1: Bring all the stars, Bring all the love please uh 932 00:49:51,320 --> 00:49:54,880 Speaker 1: huge thanks as always to our excellent audio producer Seth 933 00:49:54,960 --> 00:49:57,640 Speaker 1: Nicholas Johnson. If you would like to get in touch 934 00:49:57,680 --> 00:49:59,919 Speaker 1: with us with feedback on this episode or any other 935 00:50:00,080 --> 00:50:03,200 Speaker 1: suggest topic for the future, just to say hello, you 936 00:50:03,200 --> 00:50:12,080 Speaker 1: can email us at contact at invention pod dot com. 937 00:50:12,080 --> 00:50:15,200 Speaker 1: Invention is production of I Heart Radio. For more podcasts 938 00:50:15,200 --> 00:50:17,120 Speaker 1: for My Heart Radio, visit the I Heart Radio app, 939 00:50:17,200 --> 00:50:19,760 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. 940 00:50:24,680 --> 00:50:24,719 Speaker 1: H